{"qid": "Q101003145", "subject": "Aegean Sea earthquake of 2020", "wikipedia_title": "2020 Aegean Sea earthquake", "description": "2020 earthquake", "summary_extract": "An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.0 occurred on 30 October 2020 about 14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of the Greek island of Samos. Although Samos was closest to the epicentre, it was the large Turkish city İzmir, 70 km (43 mi) northeast that was heavily affected—more than 700 residential and commercial structures were seriously damaged or destroyed. One hundred and seventeen people died in İzmir Province while an additional 1,034 were injured. In Greece, there were two fatalities and 19 injured. The earthquake is the deadliest in the year 2020, and the third major earthquake to strike Turkey that year. It generated an unusually large tsunami. The event is called the Samos earthquake by the International Seismological Centre.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["earthquakes"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q101206", "subject": "Ottmar Schreiner", "wikipedia_title": "Ottmar Schreiner", "description": "German politician (1946-2013)", "summary_extract": "Ottmar Schreiner was a German lawyer and left-wing politician. He was known as one of the leading leftists in his party, SPD.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1012788", "subject": "Bristow Flight 56C", "wikipedia_title": "Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C", "description": "aviation accident", "summary_extract": "Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C was a helicopter flight that flew between Aberdeen and the Brae Alpha oil rig in the North Sea. On 19 January 1995, the AS 332L Super Puma helicopter operating the route, registered G-TIGK and named Cullen, was struck by lightning. The flight was carrying 16 oil workers from Aberdeen to an oil platform at the Brae oilfield. All 18 people on board survived.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q10130", "subject": "Operation Harpoon", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Harpoon (1942)", "description": "1942 british operation during the second world war", "summary_extract": "Operation Harpoon (Battle of Pantelleria was part of Operation Julius, two simultaneous Allied convoys sent to supply Malta in the Axis-dominated central Mediterranean Sea in mid-June 1942, during the Second World War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1021158", "subject": "Basque conflict", "wikipedia_title": "Basque conflict", "description": "historical period marked by terrorist violence in the spanish region of Basque Country", "summary_extract": "The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and territorial conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque organizations which sought independence from Spain and France. The movement was built around the separatist organization ETA, which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959. ETA had been proscribed as a terrorist organization by the Spanish, British, French and American authorities at different moments. The conflict occurred mainly in Spain but also affected parts of France, where ETA often found refuge. It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe. It has been sometimes referred to as \"Europe's longest war\".", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q103523", "subject": "Michael Meister", "wikipedia_title": "Michael Meister", "description": "German politician", "summary_extract": "Michael Günther Meister is a German mathematician and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state Hesse since 1994.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1035320", "subject": "Caracazo", "wikipedia_title": "Caracazo", "description": "1989 riots in Caracas", "summary_extract": "The Caracazo is the name given to the wave of protests, riots, and looting that started on 27 February 1989 in the Venezuelan city of Guarenas, spreading to Caracas and surrounding towns following austerity measures from President Carlos Andrés Pérez. Weeklong clashes resulted in numerous deaths, with estimates ranging from hundreds to thousands, attributed largely to security forces and military involvement, according to various reports. The riots and the protests began mainly in response to the government's economic reforms and the resulting increase in the price of gasoline and transportation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["assassination", "conflict", "politics"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q104049", "subject": "Sidney Poitier", "wikipedia_title": "Sidney Poitier", "description": "Bahamian and American actor and diplomat (1927–2022)", "summary_extract": "Sidney Poitier was a Bahamian-American actor, film director, activist, and diplomat. In 1964, he was the first black actor and first Bahamian to win the Academy Award for Best Actor. Among his other accolades are two competitive Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award and a Grammy Award, in addition to nominations for two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award. In 1999, he was ranked number 22 among the \"American Film Institute's 100 Stars\". Poitier was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q104842592", "subject": "1936 United States Senate election in Mississippi", "wikipedia_title": "1936 United States Senate election in Mississippi", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1936 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 3, 1936. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Pat Harrison was re-elected to a fourth term in office.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q104848121", "subject": "1985 Wexford County Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1985 Wexford County Council election", "description": "part of the 1985 Irish local elections", "summary_extract": "An election to Wexford County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of the Irish local elections. 21 councillors were elected from four local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended for a further year, to 1991.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q104853194", "subject": "1989 Wanguri by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1989 Wanguri by-election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "A by-election for the seat of Wanguri in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 19 August 1989. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Country Liberal Party (CLP) Cabinet Minister Don Dale. The seat had been held by Dale since its creation in 1983.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q104947464", "subject": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia", "wikipedia_title": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia", "description": "election", "summary_extract": "The 1954 United States Senate election in Georgia took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Richard Russell Jr. was re-elected to a fifth term in office.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q105077084", "subject": "1934 United States Senate special election in Nebraska", "wikipedia_title": "1934 United States Senate special election in Nebraska", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1934 United States Senate elections in Nebraska took place on November 6, 1934. Incumbent Republican Senator Robert B. Howell died in office on March 11, 1933. Democrat William H. Thompson was appointed by Governor Charles W. Bryan to fill Howell's seat. Two elections for the same Senate seat were held on the same day; one as a special election to fill the remainder of Howell's six-year term, and another to elect a Senator to serve the next six-year term.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q105222391", "subject": "Chairman of the State Administration Council", "wikipedia_title": "Chairman of the State Administration Council", "description": "de facto head of government of Myanmar", "summary_extract": "The chairman of the State Administration Council was the head of the State Administration Council, Myanmar's military junta from 2021 to 2025, established following the 2021 coup d'état. Min Aung Hlaing was the only holder of the office, and also served as the prime minister of the Provisional Government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q105883314", "subject": "2021 Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation election", "wikipedia_title": "2021 Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation election", "description": "Local election in India", "summary_extract": "The 2021 Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation election were held on 10 March 2021 to elect members to all 98 wards of the municipal corporation. The ruling YSRCP party was able to cross the magic figure and won the GVMC Elections 2021. Of 98 wards, YSRCP won 58 wards, TDP won 30 wards, Janasena Party won 4 wards, BJP won 1 ward, CPI, CPM 1 each and 3 wards are won by Independents.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q106021", "subject": "Erwin Lambert", "wikipedia_title": "Erwin Lambert", "description": "German Holocaust perpetrator (1909-1976)", "summary_extract": "Erwin Hermann Lambert was a German perpetrator of the Holocaust. By trade, he was a master mason, building trades foreman, Nazi Party member and member of the Schutzstaffel with the rank of SS-Unterscharführer (corporal). He supervised construction of the gas chambers for the Action T4 euthanasia program at Hartheim, Sonnenstein, Bernburg and Hadamar, and then at Sobibór and Treblinka extermination camps during Operation Reinhard. He specialized in building larger gas chambers that killed more people than previous efforts in the extermination program.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q106359325", "subject": "2021 Northern Ireland riots", "wikipedia_title": "2021 Northern Ireland riots", "description": "series of riots in Loyalist areas of Northern Ireland in March–April 2021", "summary_extract": "A series of riots in loyalist areas of Northern Ireland began in Waterside, Derry, on 30 March 2021. After four nights of rioting in Derry, disturbances spread to south Belfast on 2 April, where a loyalist protest developed into a riot involving iron bars, bricks, masonry and petrol bombs. Following this, civil unrest spread to Newtownabbey on 3 April, where cars were hijacked and burnt, and petrol bombs were also used against police. Carrickfergus in southern County Antrim also saw serious civil unrest on the night of 4 April and morning of 5 April, where loyalists created roadblocks to keep police out of local estates and threw petrol bombs at police vehicles.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["assassination", "conflict", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1065674", "subject": "Charles O. Porter", "wikipedia_title": "Charles O. Porter", "description": "American politician, member of the United States House of Representatives (1919-2006)", "summary_extract": "Charles Orlando Porter was an American lawyer, World War II veteran, and politician from the U.S. state of Oregon. He served in the United States House of Representatives for two terms from 1957 to 1961.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q106913059", "subject": "1976 Ipswich Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1976 Ipswich Borough Council election", "description": "1976 election results for Ipswich Borough Council", "summary_extract": "The 1976 Ipswich Borough Council election was the second election to the Ipswich Borough Council which had been established by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales. It took place as part of the 1976 United Kingdom local elections.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1976, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1069736", "subject": "Croat–Bosniak War", "wikipedia_title": "Croat–Bosniak War", "description": "conflict (1992–1994) between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (supported by Croatia)", "summary_extract": "The Croat–Bosniak War or Croat–Muslim War was a conflict between the Bosniak-dominated Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, supported by Croatia, that lasted from 18 October 1992 to 23 February 1994.\nIt is often referred to as a \"war within a war\" because it was part of the larger Bosnian War. In the beginning, the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) and the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) fought together in an alliance against the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). By the end of 1992, however, tensions between the ARBiH and the HVO increased. The first armed incidents between them occurred in October 1992 in central Bosnia. The military alliance continued until early 1993, when it mostly fell apart and the two former allies engaged in open conflict.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q107104658", "subject": "1999 Imo State gubernatorial election", "wikipedia_title": "1999 Imo State gubernatorial election", "description": "1999 gubernatorial election in Imo State, Nigeria", "summary_extract": "The 1999 Imo State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on January 9, 1999. The PDP nominee Achike Udenwa won the election, defeating the APP candidate.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1999, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1071266", "subject": "Berber Spring", "wikipedia_title": "Berber Spring", "description": "period of political protest and civil activism in 1980, claiming recognition of the Berber identity and language in Algeria", "summary_extract": "The Berber Spring was a period of political protest and civil activism in 1980, claiming recognition of the Berber identity and language in Algeria, with events mainly taking place in Kabylia and Algiers.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q107439616", "subject": "2021 African Judo Championships – Women's 52 kg", "wikipedia_title": "2021 African Judo Championships – Women's 52 kg", "description": "judo competition", "summary_extract": "The women's 52 kg competition in at the 2021 African Judo Championships was held on 20 May at the Dakar Arena in Dakar, Senegal.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q10747106", "subject": "Melodifestivalen 1982", "wikipedia_title": "Melodifestivalen 1982", "description": "1982 television programme", "summary_extract": "Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song \"Dag efter dag\", composed by Lasse Holm, with lyrics by Monica Forsberg, and performed by the band Chips. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1982.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q1077663", "subject": "Gianluca Susta", "wikipedia_title": "Gianluca Susta", "description": "Italian politician", "summary_extract": "Gianluca Susta is an Italian politician and a member of the Italian Senate, to which he was elected in February 2013. Previously, he served as Mayor of Biella from 1992 to 2004 and was a member of the European Parliament from 8 May 2006, when he took up a seat vacated after the 2006 Italian general election, until his election to the Italian Senate. He represents Margherita within the ALDE parliamentary group and supports a pro-European stance by his signing the Spinelli Group Manifesto.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1082481", "subject": "Per-Kristian Foss", "wikipedia_title": "Per-Kristian Foss", "description": "Norwegian politician", "summary_extract": "Per-Kristian Foss (born 19 July 1950) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and from 2014 to 2021 the Auditor General of Norway.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q108266326", "subject": "Siege of Danzig", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Danzig (1945)", "description": "WW2 battle fought in Danzig", "summary_extract": "The siege of Danzig was the siege and capture of the city of Danzig by the Polish and Soviet armies from Nazi Germany in March 1945, during the final months of World War II.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q10859", "subject": "Spanish Civil War", "wikipedia_title": "Spanish Civil War", "description": "war between the Republicans and the Nationalists in Spain from 1936 to 1939", "summary_extract": "The Spanish Civil War was fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalist rebels. Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic included socialists, anarchists, communists, and separatists, supported by the Soviet Union. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of fascist Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists, supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Initially led by a military junta, until General Francisco Franco was appointed supreme leader on 1 October 1936 of what he called the Spanish State. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war was variously viewed as class struggle, religious struggle, or struggle between republican democracy and dictatorship, revolution and counterrevolution, or between fascism and communism. The Nationalists won the war in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q108711372", "subject": "Referendum on expropriation in Berlin", "wikipedia_title": "Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen", "description": "referendum in Berlin", "summary_extract": "The 2021 Berlin referendum on a resolution to work out a draft for a law to expropriate housing stock of big housing companies, informally referred to as Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen or DW enteignen, the main campaigning claim, was a referendum held and passed in Berlin in 2021. Voters were asked if they approved of the expropriation of the property of private real-estate companies with 3,000 or more units in the city, through public purchases by the Berlin state government. This would affect 243,000 rental apartments out of 1.5 million total apartments in Berlin. The largest such real-estate company is Deutsche Wohnen, for which the initiative is named, followed by Vonovia. In total, the referendum would impact 12 large real-estate companies.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q108801995", "subject": "2021 Facebook outage", "wikipedia_title": "2021 Facebook outage", "description": "outage of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Oculus in October 2021", "summary_extract": "On October 4, 2021, at 15:39 UTC, the social network Facebook and its subsidiaries, Messenger, Instagram, WhatsApp, Mapillary, and Oculus, became globally unavailable for a period of six to seven hours. The outage also prevented anyone trying to use \"Log in with Facebook\" from accessing third-party sites.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["computing", "event"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology", "society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q108872647", "subject": "Marie Pošarová", "wikipedia_title": "Marie Pošarová", "description": "Czech politician and economist", "summary_extract": "Marie Pošarová is a Czech politician and a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Freedom and Direct Democracy party.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q1089511", "subject": "Battle of Ra's Lanuf", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Ras Lanuf", "description": "2011 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Ras Lanuf was a two-phase battle in early to mid-March 2011 during the Libyan Civil War between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and those loyal to the National Transitional Council. Both forces sought control of the town of Ras Lanuf. The first phase of confrontation followed two days after the First Battle of Brega which occurred in the town Brega, roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) to the east of Ras Lanuf. After conquering the town on 4 March, the rebels pushed further west to attack Sirte but they were driven back by government forces and on 11 March, government troops reconquered most of Ras Lanuf.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q10903111", "subject": "Task Force Faith", "wikipedia_title": "Task Force Faith", "description": "United States Army unit", "summary_extract": "The Regimental Combat Team 31 (RCT-31), commonly referred to as Task Force Faith of the \"Chosin Few\", is a United States Army unit known for its role in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War where 90-95% of its force was killed, wounded, and/or captured on the eastern side of the reservoir.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q109362", "subject": "Niels Annen", "wikipedia_title": "Niels Annen", "description": "German politician (SPD)", "summary_extract": "Niels Annen is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since May 2025, he has been serving as a State Secretary at the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). From December 2021 until May 2025, he was Parliamentary State Secretary in the same ministry. Prior to that, from March 2018 to December 2021, he served as Minister of State at the Federal Foreign Office in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q109433", "subject": "Doris Ahnen", "wikipedia_title": "Doris Ahnen", "description": "German politician (SPD)", "summary_extract": "Doris Maria Ahnen is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as Minister for Finance in the state government of Rhineland-Palatinate since 2014. Prior to that she served as the Minister for Education, Research and Culture since 2001. She has been a part of the State Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate since the 2006 elections. She is also a member of the German Bundesrat for Rhineland-Palatinate.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1098713", "subject": "Béla Ivády", "wikipedia_title": "Béla Ivády", "description": "Hungarian politician (1873-1962)", "summary_extract": "Béla Ivády de Ivád was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture between 1931 and 1932. He also served as acting leader of the Party of National Unity (NEP) in 1933.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1101260", "subject": "Clifford Darling", "wikipedia_title": "Clifford Darling", "description": "Bahamian politician (1922-2011)", "summary_extract": "Sir Clifford Darling was the fifth governor-general of the Bahamas from 2 January 1992 until his retirement on 2 January 1995.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q110160181", "subject": "2025 Honduran general election", "wikipedia_title": "2025 Honduran general election", "description": "election in Honduras", "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Honduras on 30 November 2025. Voters elected the President, all 128 members of the National Congress, and 20 representatives to the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN). The National Electoral Council (CNE) declared National Party candidate Nasry Asfura as the election's winner on 24 December. The election was marred by allegations of foreign interference and a prolonged and controversial vote count that saw Asfura win over his nearest opponent, Salvador Nasralla, by a narrow margin. The National Party also won a plurality of seats in the country's National Congress, while the Liberal Party became the second largest party in the Congress at the expense of LIBRE.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q110259818", "subject": "2022 Canoe Marathon European Championships", "wikipedia_title": "2022 Canoe Marathon European Championships", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 2022 Canoe Marathon European Championships took place from 28 to 31 July 2022 in Silkeborg, Denmark.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q110926170", "subject": "Unity Day", "wikipedia_title": "Unity Day (Ukraine)", "description": "Ukrainian holiday", "summary_extract": "The Unity Day is a state holiday in Ukraine held annually on 16 February 2022, per the Decree of President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q110961972", "subject": "Union Resolve 2022", "wikipedia_title": "Union Resolve 2022", "description": "2022 military exercises in Belarus", "summary_extract": "Union Resolve 2022 was a joint military exercise between the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, which were held from February 10 to 20, 2022. The exercise is considered to be part of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q111018336", "subject": "Battle of Vasylkiv", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Vasylkiv", "description": "battle in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine", "summary_extract": "On 24 February 2022, as part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military crossed the Russia–Ukraine and Belarus–Ukraine borders into northern Ukraine, entering the oblasts (regions) of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, and Zhytomyr. The Russian operations in northern Ukraine were initially launched as an attempt to capture Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine and the seat of the Ukrainian government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q111096609", "subject": "International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine", "wikipedia_title": "International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine", "description": "Ongoing investigation by the International Crime Court", "summary_extract": "The International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine or the Situation in Ukraine is an ongoing investigation by the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) into \"any past and present allegations of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide committed on any part of the territory of Ukraine by any person\" during the period starting \"from 21 November 2013 onwards\", on an \"open-ended basis\", covering the Revolution of Dignity, the Russo-Ukrainian war including the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia, the war in Donbas and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The ICC prosecutor commenced these investigations on 2 March 2022, after receiving referrals for the situation in Ukraine from 39 ICC State Parties. On 1 January 2025, Ukraine became the 125th member of the International Criminal Court.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q11121336", "subject": "Battle of Hoengsong", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Hoengsong", "description": "February 1951 battle during the Korean War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Hoengsong, also known as the Hoengsong counteroffensive was a battle during the Korean War that took place between 11 and 15 February 1951. It was part of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) Fourth Phase Offensive and was fought between the PVA and United Nations forces. After being pushed back northward by the UN's Operation Thunderbolt counteroffensive, the PVA was victorious in this battle, inflicting heavy casualties on the UN forces in the two days of fighting and temporarily regaining the initiative.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q111255020", "subject": "Melodifestivalen 2023", "wikipedia_title": "Melodifestivalen 2023", "description": "Swedish music competition", "summary_extract": "Melodifestivalen 2023 was the 63rd edition of the Swedish music competition Melodifestivalen, which was organised by Sveriges Television (SVT) and took place over a six-week period between 4 February and 11 March 2023. The winner of the competition was Loreen with the song \"Tattoo\", who went on to win the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 for Sweden. All shows were hosted by Farah Abadi and Jesper Rönndahl.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q1113994", "subject": "George Herman", "wikipedia_title": "George Herman (playwright)", "description": "Playwright, Actor, Director, Teacher", "summary_extract": "George Adam Herman Jr. was an American playwright and writer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2019, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q111924", "subject": "Holger Zastrow", "wikipedia_title": "Holger Zastrow", "description": "German politician", "summary_extract": "Holger Zastrow is a German politician of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP). He is President of the state party in Saxony and chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the Saxon Parliament. He is also a member of the federal board of the FDP.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1122110", "subject": "Tajikistani Civil War", "wikipedia_title": "Tajikistani Civil War", "description": "1992–1997 civil war in Tajikistan", "summary_extract": "The Tajikistani Civil War was an armed conflict in Tajikistan that began in May 1992 and ended in June 1997. Regional groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions of Tajikistan rose up against the newly formed government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, which was dominated by people from the Khujand and Kulob regions. The rebel groups were led by a combination of liberal democratic reformers and Islamists, who would later organize under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. The government was supported by Russian military and border guards.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q112228076", "subject": "2022 Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2022 Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council election", "description": "2022 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "Elections to Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council took place on 5 May 2022 as part of the 2022 United Kingdom local elections.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q112648608", "subject": "1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas", "wikipedia_title": "1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas occurred on November 4, 1986, to elect the members of the state of Texas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Texas had twenty-seven seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1980 United States census.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q112653602", "subject": "Alexis Izard", "wikipedia_title": "Alexis Izard", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "Alexis Izard, born on 15 June 1992 in Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine, is a French politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q112665798", "subject": "1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "wikipedia_title": "1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election was held in January 1946 as part of the final British Indian provincial elections before independence. The election resulted in a decisive victory for the All-India Muslim League, which formed the provincial government in the Bengal Legislative Assembly under Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. The election played a crucial role in shaping the political future of Bengal, leading to the eventual partition of the province in 1947.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1129334", "subject": "Les Horvath", "wikipedia_title": "Les Horvath", "description": "American football player (1921-1995)", "summary_extract": "Leslie Horvath was an American football quarterback who won the Heisman Trophy while playing for the Ohio State Buckeyes in 1944. Horvath was the first Ohio State player to win the Heisman, an award given to the best college football player in the United States. The school retired his jersey number 22 in October 2000.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q113188", "subject": "Fritz Baade", "wikipedia_title": "Fritz Baade", "description": "German politician and economist (1893-1974)", "summary_extract": "Fritz Baade was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and member of the German Bundestag. During the Weimar Republic he was the SPD's expert on agriculture. During the Great Depression he helped promote the WTB plan, a proposed public works program.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q11336716", "subject": "Henry Crozier Keating Plummer", "wikipedia_title": "Henry Crozier Keating Plummer", "description": "British astronomer", "summary_extract": "\n\nHenry Crozier Keating Plummer FRS FRAS was an English astronomer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q1136021", "subject": "2001 Indian-Bangladesh border conflict", "wikipedia_title": "2001 Bangladesh–India border skirmishes", "description": "conflict in April 2001 along the Indian-Bangladesh border", "summary_extract": "In April 2001, Bangladesh and India engaged in a series of armed clashes along the international border between the two countries. The clashes took place between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) and the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) on the poorly-marked border.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["conflict", "india"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q113634243", "subject": "Battle of Fakashan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Fakashan", "description": "1981 conflict between China and Vietnam", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Fakashan, also known as the Battle of Hill 400, was fought in 1981 between China and Vietnam as part of the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["china", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q113827399", "subject": "2022 Italian general election in Aosta Valley", "wikipedia_title": "2022 Italian general election in Aosta Valley", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 2022 Italian general election took place on 25 September 2022. In its two single-seat constituencies, Aosta Valley elected Franco Manes to the Chamber of Deputies and Nicoletta Spelgatti to the Senate of the Republic. Spelgatti, a former president of Aosta Valley, was the first Valdostan woman elected to the Senate.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q113865480", "subject": "2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive", "wikipedia_title": "2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive", "description": "2022 military operation during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "summary_extract": "On 6 September 2022, the Armed Forces of Ukraine launched a major counteroffensive against the Russian military during the Russo-Ukrainian war. As Ukraine announced the start of the Kherson counteroffensive in southern Ukraine in late August, Ukrainian forces also began a second counteroffensive in early September in Kharkiv Oblast, in eastern Ukraine.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1148719", "subject": "Luigi de Magistris", "wikipedia_title": "Luigi de Magistris (politician)", "description": "Italian politician (1967-)", "summary_extract": "Luigi de Magistris is an Italian politician and former prosecutor who served as mayor of Naples from 2011 to 2021. He began his prosecutor career in 1995, attracting significant media attention for his investigations, and served in this role between Naples and Catanzaro until 2009. He was also a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2011. In 2021, he ran for president of Calabria in a snap election but finished third. In 2022, he founded the People's Union (UP), an electoral list and political coalition of which he was leader as its spokesperson until 2024.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q115627", "subject": "Arturo Bocchini", "wikipedia_title": "Arturo Bocchini", "description": "Italian chief of police (1880-1940)", "summary_extract": "Arturo Bocchini was an Italian civil servant, who was appointed Chief of the Police under the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini. Bocchini held the office from September 1926 until his death in November 1940, becoming a key figure in the Italian regime.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q115648939", "subject": "Bob Honeysett", "wikipedia_title": "Bob Honeysett", "description": "Australian rugby league player", "summary_extract": "Bob Honeysett (1933–2017) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played for South Sydney and North Sydney in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q115728007", "subject": "Emily Vontz", "wikipedia_title": "Emily Vontz", "description": "German politician", "summary_extract": "Emily Vontz is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a Member of the German Bundestag from Saarland since January 2023. She was the youngest member of the 20th Bundestag and the first German MP to be born in the 2000s.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1157856", "subject": "Dale Milford", "wikipedia_title": "Dale Milford", "description": "U.S. Representative from Texas (1926-1997)", "summary_extract": "Dale Milford was a U.S. Representative from Texas.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q115862489", "subject": "1945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strike", "wikipedia_title": "1945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strike", "description": "labor dispute in South Carolina, US", "summary_extract": "The 1945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strike was a labor strike involving workers at the Cigar Factory in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. The strike commenced on October 22, 1945, and ended on April 1 of the following year, with the strikers winning some concessions from the company.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q116779660", "subject": "Two-Liu War", "wikipedia_title": "Two-Liu War", "description": "warlord era conflict in Sichuan", "summary_extract": "The 'War to Stabilize Sichuan', popularly known as the Two-Liu War, was a brief three-month conflict fought between Liu Wenhui and Liu Xiang in Sichuan during the Nanjing decade from October to December 1932. The wider repercussions of the war led to the growth of power of the central government of the Republic of China in the province.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["china", "conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q116869782", "subject": "2023 Moscow rally", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Moscow rally", "description": "22 February 2023 pro-war rally and concert in Russia", "summary_extract": "A concert and rally took place on 22 February 2023 at Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow. TASS reported that the rally commemorated Defender of the Fatherland Day. Ukrainska Pravda stated that the date was selected in reference to the starting date of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, 24 February 2022.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q116873", "subject": "François Schaller", "wikipedia_title": "François Schaller", "description": "Swiss economist (1920-2006)", "summary_extract": "François Schaller (1920–2006) was a Swiss economist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q116893668", "subject": "2023 Southend-on-Sea City Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Southend-on-Sea City Council election", "description": "2023 English local election", "summary_extract": "The 2023 Southend-on-Sea City Council election was held on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Southend-on-Sea City Council in England. It coincided with local elections across the United Kingdom.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q116978188", "subject": "Michael Graubart", "wikipedia_title": "Michael Graubart", "description": "English conductor, composer and academic (1930–2024)", "summary_extract": "Michael Graubart was an Austrian-born British conductor, composer and academic, born in Vienna and exiled after the Anschluss. He lived and worked in London and Manchester for the rest of his life.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q117231231", "subject": "Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict", "wikipedia_title": "PKK insurgency in the Kurdistan Region", "description": "1983–2025 conflict", "summary_extract": "The PKK insurgency in the Kurdistan Region refers to a series of clashes in Iraqi Kurdistan between the ruling Kurdistan Region and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and its allied groups. The conflict started in 1983. Simultaneously, the PKK waged a guerrilla insurgency, while the Peshmerga waged a counterinsurgency.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q11724800", "subject": "Jerzy Karol Kurnatowski", "wikipedia_title": "Jerzy Karol Kurnatowski", "description": "Polish academic and politician (1874-1934)", "summary_extract": "Jerzy Karol Kurnatowski was a Polish lawyer, economist, academic, author, politician, public official, and political scientist. He has been awarded the Cross of Valour twice, the Legion of Honour, and the Order of the White Lion.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q11735", "subject": "Michael Spindelegger", "wikipedia_title": "Michael Spindelegger", "description": "Austrian lawyer and politician", "summary_extract": "Michael Spindelegger is an Austrian politician. He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014; additionally, he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014. Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) from 2011 to 2014. In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions. Since 2016, he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q117409143", "subject": "1979 North Hertfordshire District Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1979 North Hertfordshire District Council election", "description": "1979 English local election", "summary_extract": "The 1979 North Hertfordshire District Council election was held on 3 May 1979, at the same time as other local elections across England and Wales and the 1979 United Kingdom general election. All 50 seats on North Hertfordshire District Council were up for election following ward boundary changes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q117454472", "subject": "2023 Braintree District Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Braintree District Council election", "description": "2023 English local election", "summary_extract": "The 2023 Braintree District Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Braintree District Council in Essex, England. This was on the same day as other local elections in England.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q117465122", "subject": "2023 Chelmsford City Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Chelmsford City Council election", "description": "2023 English local election", "summary_extract": "The 2023 Chelmsford City Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Chelmsford City Council in Essex, England. This was on the same day as other local elections across England.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q117489475", "subject": "2023 Rutgers University strike", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Rutgers University strike", "description": "strike", "summary_extract": "The 2023 Rutgers University strike was a labor strike involving faculty and graduate student workers at Rutgers University in New Jersey, United States. Academic workers at all four campuses—New Brunswick, Newark, Camden, and Rutgers Health—participated in the bargaining action, affecting over 9,000 staff members and 67,000 students at the university. The strike began on April 10, 2023 following several months of failed negotiations between labor unions and Rutgers administration and was suspended on April 15, 2023.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q117712764", "subject": "2023 Texas dairy farm explosion", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Texas dairy farm explosion", "description": "Explosion at a dairy farm in Dimmitt, Texas", "summary_extract": "An explosion occurred on April 10, 2023, at the South Fork Dairy Farm about ten miles (16 km) south of Dimmitt, Texas, United States. The explosion and subsequent fire killed approximately 18,000 cows and injured one person. It was one of the deadliest fires involving animals, and the deadliest fire involving cattle in at least a decade. The explosion resulted in the loss of approximately 3% of Texas’s dairy cattle population.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["explosion"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q11779343", "subject": "Michał Antoniewicz", "wikipedia_title": "Michał Antoniewicz", "description": "Major of the Polish Army, equestrian", "summary_extract": "Michał Woysym-Antoniewicz was a Polish equestrian who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in Kraków and died in Austin, Texas, United States.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q118342251", "subject": "Murder of Ari Fuld", "wikipedia_title": "Murder of Ari Fuld", "description": "2018 murder in the West Bank", "summary_extract": "\nAri Fuld, an American-Israeli living in the Israeli settlement of Efrat, was stabbed to death by Palestinian terrorist Khalil Jabarin at the Gush Etzion Junction in the West Bank on 16 September 2018.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2018, "domains": ["terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q118611135", "subject": "2023 Ely riot", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Cardiff riot", "description": "riot in Ely, Cardiff, Wales", "summary_extract": "Rioting took place in Ely, a residential district of Cardiff in Wales, on the night of the 22 and 23 May 2023. Following confrontations with rioters, up to 12 South Wales Police officers were injured; a member of the public was attacked, multiple vehicles were set on fire and damage to property was reported.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q118853631", "subject": "Salisbury Fuel Depot Attack", "wikipedia_title": "Salisbury fuel depot attack", "description": "Attack", "summary_extract": "The Salisbury fuel depot attack was a raid on the fuel depot in Salisbury's Southerton industrial area on December 11, 1978, during the Rhodesian Bush War conducted by a ZANLA sabotage unit. The attack resulted in millions of dollars’ worth of damages and the destruction of more than a quarter of Rhodesia's fuel.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q119058509", "subject": "2023 Polish protests", "wikipedia_title": "2023 Polish protests", "description": "demonstration in Warsaw, Poland", "summary_extract": "On June 4, 2023, a series of planned anti-government marches took place in several areas of Poland, with the main one being held in the capital city of Warsaw. The protests were additionally motivated by the passing of the bill commonly referred to as \"Lex Tusk\", which critics argued would disrupt the constitutional separation of powers by giving the ruling party of PiS excessive judicial oversight. The Polish opposition in the national Parliament, as well as numerous foreign commentators, considered the law's approval an extension of the perceived constitutional crisis under the presidency of Andrzej Duda and the government headed by Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q11918794", "subject": "1979 Spanish local elections", "wikipedia_title": "1979 Spanish local elections", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Local elections were held in Spain on 3 April 1979 to elect all 67,505 councillors in the 7,870 Spanish municipalities, all 1,450 provincial seats in 47 provinces and 185 seats in ten island councils.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q11918796", "subject": "Northern Ireland Forum", "wikipedia_title": "Northern Ireland Forum", "description": "provisional forum for the N. Ireland peace process", "summary_extract": "The Northern Ireland Forum for Political Dialogue was an elected deliberative body set up in 1996 as part of a process of negotiations that eventually led to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q11978428", "subject": "Jens Kristian Thune", "wikipedia_title": "Jens Kristian Thune", "description": "Norwegian jurist", "summary_extract": "Jens Kristian Thune  was a Norwegian jurist and businessperson. He was born in Oslo.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q11985369", "subject": "Leopoldov prison uprising", "wikipedia_title": "Leopoldov prison uprising", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Leopoldov prison uprising was the largest prison uprising in the former Czechoslovakia, which took place in 1990. The army was also deployed to suppress it. It was started by the amnesty of Václav Havel. It did not apply to all prisoners. The suppression of the rebellion drew admiration from foreign experts. Nevertheless, some journalists and politicians described the strike against prisoners as brutal, and the commander was dismissed.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q119858632", "subject": "Behzod Hoshimov", "wikipedia_title": "Behzod Hoshimov", "description": "Uzbek economist (born 1993)", "summary_extract": "Behzod Hoshimov (also spelled Khoshimov; born August 8, 1993, Tashkent, UzSSR) is an Uzbek economist and researcher specializing in entrepreneurship, human capital, and the economics of innovation. He currently serves as an Assistant Professor of Business, Organizations, and Society at New York University Abu Dhabi. Previously, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q12012518", "subject": "Amélia Cardia dos Santos Costa", "wikipedia_title": "Amélia dos Santos Costa Cardia", "description": "Portuguese physician, writer and spiritist", "summary_extract": "Amélia dos Santos Costa Cardia (1855–1938), born in Lisbon, was one of the first women medical doctors in Portugal. She attended the Polytechnic School from 1883 until 1887, and then attended the Medical-Surgical School of Lisbon, graduating on July 20, 1891. Her doctoral thesis was on yellow fever. She was the first woman in Portugal to work in a hospital internship. She also founded a nursing home which she led for almost ten years, and was part of the National League Against Tuberculosis and Association of Medical Sciences. She also belonged to the Portuguese Spiritist Federation. She was also a writer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q120315", "subject": "Popular Initiative: \"Election of the Federal Council by the People and Increase in the Number of Members\"", "wikipedia_title": "Popular Initiative: \"Election of the Federal Council by the People and Increase in the Number of Members\"", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The federal popular initiative \"Election of the Federal Council by the People and Increase in the Number of Members\" was a popular initiative in Switzerland, rejected by both the people and the cantons on January 25, 1942.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q12061141", "subject": "Nancy J. Lescavage", "wikipedia_title": "Nancy J. Lescavage", "description": "United States admiral", "summary_extract": "Nancy J. Lescavage is a retired American rear admiral who served as the 20th director of the Navy Nurse Corps and was the commander of Naval Medical Education and Training Command, Bethesda, Maryland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q121237378", "subject": "Battle of Krasnohorivka", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Krasnohorivka", "description": "2024 battle in the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "summary_extract": "As part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a battle took place between the Russian Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of Ukraine for control over the city of Krasnohorivka, 5 kilometers west of Donetsk city. Fighting began on 8 April 2024. By 1 August 2024, Russian forces essentially controlled the whole city aside from the northern outskirts. On 9 September 2024, Russian forces established complete control over the city.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q121355", "subject": "Robert Rössle", "wikipedia_title": "Robert Rössle", "description": "German pathologist (1876–1956)", "summary_extract": "Robert Rössle was a German pathologist. He was born in Augsburg and died in Berlin.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q12179077", "subject": "Ahmad Muhammad Al-Khatib", "wikipedia_title": "Ahmad Muhammad Al-Khatib", "description": "Kuwaiti politician", "summary_extract": "Ahmad Muhammad Al-Khatib was a Kuwaiti politician. A founder of the Arab Nationalist Movement and the Kuwait Democratic Forum, he served in the National Assembly from 1963 to 1965, 1971 to 1976, and 1985 to 1996. He died in Kuwait City on 6 March 2022, at the age of 95.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q12222481", "subject": "Abdul Bari Nadvi", "wikipedia_title": "Abdul Bari Nadvi", "description": "Indian philosopher", "summary_extract": "Abdul Bari Nadvi was an Indian Muslim scholar born in the Barabanki district near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father Hakim Abdul Khaliq was a student of Maulana Mohammad Naeem Farangi Mahli. His younger brother Saad-ud-Din Ansari was among the founding members of the Jamia Millia Delhi and taught there for a long time. Abdul Bari Nadvi died in Lucknow in 1976. He was survived by four sons and two daughters, all of whom are now deceased.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1976, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q1225994", "subject": "Dimitrios Maximos", "wikipedia_title": "Dimitrios Maximos", "description": "Greek politician (1873-1955)", "summary_extract": "Dimitrios E. Maximos was a Greek banker and politician. He briefly served as Prime Minister of Greece after World War II.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1947, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q123003793", "subject": "Luc Emering", "wikipedia_title": "Luc Emering", "description": "Luxembourgish agricultural engineer and politician (born 1996)", "summary_extract": "Luc Emering is a Luxembourgish farmer and politician of the Democratic Party who was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies in 2023. He was elected councillor of Dippach in the 2017 communal elections, and became first deputy mayor in 2023.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q123036458", "subject": "Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip", "wikipedia_title": "Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip", "description": "Israeli military operation against Hamas since 2023", "summary_extract": "The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and Israel, fought as part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflicts. The war began on 7 October 2023, when the Palestinian militant group Hamas led a surprise attack on Israel, in which 1,195 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed and 251 were taken hostage. Since the start of the Israeli offensive that followed, over 73,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed. Several studies in The Lancet indicate this figure is likely a significant undercount. Many scholarly sources and international organizations—including UN bodies, NGOs, and the International Association of Genocide Scholars have concluded that Israel's actions in Gaza constitute genocide under international law. Several states have also acknowledged that genocide is occurring and have supported legal proceedings before the International Court of Justice. Israel and its supporters, including the United States, deny that genocide has occurred.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["conflict", "israel"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q123049614", "subject": "Gaza Strip evacuations", "wikipedia_title": "Gaza Strip evacuations", "description": "displacement of people by the regime in part of Palestine due to the war in Gaza", "summary_extract": "During the Gaza war, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ordered mass evacuations in Gaza, which the IDF said were to \"minimize civilian casualties\" in its \"war against Hamas\", resulting in one of the largest displacements of Palestinians since 1948. On 13 October 2023, just one week after Hamas' attack on Israel, Israel instructed 1.1 million Gazans north of the Wadi Gaza, including those in Gaza City, to evacuate within 24 hours. This evacuation triggered a humanitarian crisis, which Palestinians have compared to the Nakba of 1948.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q123054618", "subject": "Kissufim massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Kissufim massacre", "description": "Hamas-led massacre in Israeli kibbutz on 7 October 2023", "summary_extract": "During the October 7 attacks, Hamas militants from the Gaza Strip targeted Kissufim, a kibbutz located in the Southern District of Israel. At least four kibbutz security team members, four other residents, six Thai laborers and eight Israeli soldiers were killed. At least four individuals were additionally abducted and taken to Gaza.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["massacre", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q123631062", "subject": "Sahrawi insurgency", "wikipedia_title": "Sahrawi insurgency", "description": "armed insurgency in Western Sahara", "summary_extract": "The Sahrawi insurgency was an armed insurgency led by the Polisario Front against Spanish colonial rule in the Spanish Sahara, from 10 May 1973 to 26 February 1976.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1239052", "subject": "Don Chipp", "wikipedia_title": "Don Chipp", "description": "Australian politician (1925-2006)", "summary_extract": "Donald Leslie Chipp, AO was an Australian politician who was the inaugural leader of the Australian Democrats, leading the party from 1977 to 1986. He began his career as a member of the Liberal Party, winning election to the House of Representatives in 1960 and serving as a government minister for a cumulative total of six years. Chipp left the Liberals in 1977 and was soon persuaded to lead a new party, the Democrats who, he famously proclaimed in 1980, would \"keep the bastards honest\". He was elected to the Senate on 10 December 1977 and led the party at four federal elections. From 1983 it held the sole balance of power in the Senate. He retired from Parliament in 1986, having served a total of 25 years.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q12411459", "subject": "murder of Shalhevet Pass", "wikipedia_title": "Murder of Shalhevet Pass", "description": "Terror attack during which a Palestinian sniper killed an Israeli infant", "summary_extract": "The murder of Shalhevet Pass was a sniper shooting attack carried out by a Palestinian sniper in Hebron, West Bank, on 26 March 2001, during which a 10-month-old Israeli infant, Shalhevet Pass, had been killed. The event shocked the Israeli public, partly because it had been ruled that the sniper had deliberately aimed for the baby. According to Deborah Sontag of the New York Times, the murder became a \"potent Israeli symbol as an innocent victim of the raging violence.\"", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q124182", "subject": "Alfred Biehle", "wikipedia_title": "Alfred Biehle", "description": "German politician (1926-2014)", "summary_extract": "Alfred Biehle was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q124445979", "subject": "2024 Iowa Libertarian presidential caucuses", "wikipedia_title": "2024 Iowa Libertarian presidential caucuses", "description": "primary election in Iowa, US", "summary_extract": "\n\nThe 2024 Iowa Libertarian presidential caucuses were held on January 15, 2024, as part of the 2024 Libertarian primaries for the 2024 presidential election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["ceasefire", "election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q124639461", "subject": "Battle of Makhmour", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Makhmour", "description": "war against ISIS", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Makhmour was a pivotal 2014 engagement during the conflict between Kurdish forces and IS. As the Kurdish Peshmerga sought to secure territory left vulnerable by the Iraqi Army's retreat, IS launched an offensive, aiming to reclaim lost ground and secure its caliphate.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q125509426", "subject": "Battle of Paro Lake", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Paro Lake", "description": "battle occurred in Paro Lake", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Paro Lake took place during the Korean War. It was fought between elements of the South Korean 6th Infantry Division and elements of the Chinese 63rd Corps between May 26 and 30, 1951. The claims of the Korean and U.S. military are different from those of the Chinese military. Paro Lake is a name that arose after this battle. It is said that after the battle, the South Korean army threw numerous corpses of Chinese soldiers into the river.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q126241", "subject": "Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact", "wikipedia_title": "Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact", "description": "peace treaty", "summary_extract": "The Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact was a non-aggression pact signed in 1932 by representatives of Poland and the Soviet Union. The pact was unilaterally broken on September 17, 1939, by the Soviet invasion of Poland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["peace_conference", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "regional_history"]}
{"qid": "Q1262739", "subject": "JAT Flight 367", "wikipedia_title": "JAT Flight 367", "description": "1972 airliner bombing", "summary_extract": "JAT Flight 367 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 aircraft which exploded shortly after overflying NDB Hermsdorf, Germany, while en route from Stockholm, Sweden, to Belgrade, SFR Yugoslavia, on 26 January 1972. The aircraft, piloted by Captain Ludvik Razdrih and First Officer Ratko Mihić, broke into three pieces and spun out of control, crashing near the village of Srbská Kamenice in Czechoslovakia. Of the 28 on board, 27 were killed upon ground impact and one Serbian crew member, Vesna Vulović (1950–2016), survived. She holds the Guinness world record for surviving the highest fall without a parachute at 10,160 m (33,330 ft).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["international_relations", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q126372323", "subject": "Battle in the Liakhvi Gorge", "wikipedia_title": "Battles in the Liakhvi Gorge", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The Battles in the Liakhvi Gorge were fought between Russian and Georgian forces during the Russo-Georgian War.\nThe battle began with the entry of Russian troops into the territory of South Ossetia through the Roki Tunnel after 2008 Caucasus exercises. After the end of the battle, units of the Ossetian militia army burned several villages located in the Georgian enclave north of Tskhinvali.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q12715855", "subject": "Johanne Reutz Gjermoe", "wikipedia_title": "Johanne Reutz Gjermoe", "description": "Norwegian politician", "summary_extract": "Johanne Reutz Gjermoe was a Norwegian economist and politician, a proponent for women's rights and peace activist. She was born in Bergen. She chaired the office of statistics at the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1925. From 1935 to 1938 she was a delegate to the League of Nations. She was decorated with the King's Medal of Merit for her peace works. A biography of her was published in 2001.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q12734957", "subject": "Marian Ionescu", "wikipedia_title": "Marian Ionescu", "description": "British cardiac surgeon", "summary_extract": "Marian Ion Ionescu was a Romanian-born British cardiac surgeon. His interest in heart surgery covered several aspects of this specialty. He was an inventor of surgical devices, mostly artificial heart valves, a scientist in the broad term and a medical educator. Ionescu died on 12 October 2023, at the age of 94.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2023, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q127378229", "subject": "2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement", "wikipedia_title": "2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement", "description": "students' movement demanding reforms in Bangladesh quota system", "summary_extract": "The 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement was a series of anti-government and pro-democracy protests in Bangladesh, spearheaded primarily by university students. Initially focused on restructuring quota-based systems for government job recruitment, the movement expanded against what many perceived as an authoritarian government when government-associated groups carried out the July massacre of protesters and civilians, most of whom were students. While it started as a student movement, the movement later escalated into a fully-fledged mass uprising known as the July Uprising.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q127603576", "subject": "Eastern Burkina Faso military convoy massacres", "wikipedia_title": "Eastern Burkina Faso military convoy massacres", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Throughout May 2024, a convoy carrying soldiers from the Burkina Faso Armed Forces and the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland committed several massacres against civilians in eastern Burkina Faso, killing at least 400 civilians during the convoy's journey between April 27 and May 10. The massacres occurred in a similar area to the Nondin and Soro massacres and Bibgou and Soualimou massacres that occurred a few months earlier.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["conflict", "massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1278585", "subject": "Eben Martin", "wikipedia_title": "Eben Martin", "description": "American politician (1855-1932)", "summary_extract": "Eben Wever Martin was an American attorney and politician in South Dakota. A Republican, he served as a member of the United States House of Representatives during the early 20th Century.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1280119", "subject": "Battle of the Ebro", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of the Ebro", "description": "643419474  major battle of the Spanish Civil War liderate by the best:FRANCO", "summary_extract": "The Battle of the Ebro was the longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War and the greatest, in terms of manpower, logistics and material ever fought on Spanish soil. It took place between July and November 1938, with fighting mainly concentrated in two areas on the lower course of the Ebro River, the Terra Alta comarca of Catalonia, and the Auts area close to Fayón in the lower Matarranya, Eastern Lower Aragon. These sparsely populated areas saw the largest array of armies in the war. The battle was a massive blow to the Second Spanish Republic, with tens of thousands left dead or wounded and little effect on the advance of the Nationalists.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1281098", "subject": "Craig Cannonier", "wikipedia_title": "Craig Cannonier", "description": "Bermuda politician (born 1963)", "summary_extract": "Craig Cannonier is a Bermudian politician, who served as Premier of Bermuda from 18 December 2012 until his resignation on 19 May 2014. He served as the leader of the One Bermuda Alliance from 10 September 2011 until his resignation in May 2014.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q128160", "subject": "Cuban Missile Crisis", "wikipedia_title": "Cuban Missile Crisis", "description": "October 1962 confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States", "summary_extract": "The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in the United Kingdom, Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The crisis lasted from 16 to 28 October 1962. The confrontation is widely considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into full-scale nuclear war.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["conflict", "international_relations"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q128210107", "subject": "2024 Serbian environmental protests", "wikipedia_title": "2024 Serbian environmental protests", "description": "protests in Serbia", "summary_extract": "In July 2024, a series of environmental protests began in Serbia against the Jadar mine, a European Union–backed and Serbian government-approved lithium mining project. The project was proposed by Anglo-Australian Rio Tinto to develop Europe's largest lithium mine in the West Serbian region of Jadar, causing significant backlash due to its potential environmental damage and exploitation of the local population for economic and geopolitical gain.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q128650473", "subject": "2024 anti-Hindu violence after Sheikh Hasina falls", "wikipedia_title": "2024 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence", "description": "Violence in Bangladesh", "summary_extract": "Following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024, attacks began on Hindus in Bangladesh, with Hindu homes, businesses and places of worship being targeted en masse. The Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council reported that from 4 to 20 August, a total of 2,010 incidents of attacks on minorities took place across the country within this 16-day period.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1288076", "subject": "Lee Metcalf", "wikipedia_title": "Lee Metcalf", "description": "American politician (1911-1978)", "summary_extract": "Lee Warren Metcalf was an American lawyer, judge, and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. representative (1953–1961) and a U.S. senator (1961–1978) from Montana. He was the first of Montana's U.S. senators to be born in the state, and was permanent acting president pro tempore of the Senate, the only one to hold that position, from 1963 until his death in 1978.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q12958349", "subject": "Kraljevo massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Kraljevo massacre", "description": "Massacre commited by Nazi Soldiers in WW2 against Yugoslavia", "summary_extract": "The Kraljevo massacre was the World War II mass murder of approximately 2,000 residents of the city of Kraljevo in the German-occupied territory of Serbia between 15 and 20 October 1941 by the German Army. The massacre came in reprisal for a joint Partisan–Chetnik attack on a German garrison during the Siege of Kraljevo in which 10 German soldiers were killed and 14 wounded. The number of hostages to be shot was calculated based on a ratio of 100 hostages executed for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages executed for every German soldier wounded, a formula devised by Adolf Hitler with the intent of suppressing anti-Nazi resistance in Eastern Europe.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q12960723", "subject": "Yugoslav Partisan-Chetnik conflict", "wikipedia_title": "Partisan–Chetnik War (1941–1945)", "description": "armed conflict", "summary_extract": "The Partisan–Chetnik War was an armed conflict between the communist Yugoslav Partisans and the monarchist Chetniks which lasted from 1941 until 1945.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q13026319", "subject": "Paetongtarn Shinawatra", "wikipedia_title": "Paetongtarn Shinawatra", "description": "Businesswoman and former Prime Minister of Thailand", "summary_extract": "Paetongtarn Shinawatra is a Thai politician and businesswoman who served as the 31st prime minister of Thailand from 2024 until her removal from office in 2025. She led the Pheu Thai Party from 2023 until her resignation in 2025.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q130283276", "subject": "Battle of Gurung Hill", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Gurung Hill", "description": "1962 Sino-Indian war battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Gurung Hill, also known as Battle of No.16 Indian Post of Ngari was an engagement during the Sino-Indian War of 1962.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1306740", "subject": "Chen Mingyi", "wikipedia_title": "Chen Mingyi", "description": "Chinese politician", "summary_extract": "Chen Mingyi is a politician in the People's Republic of China. Chen was born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1960. He graduated from the Department of Naval Architecture at Shanghai Jiaotong University, obtaining a master's degree.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q130796", "subject": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "wikipedia_title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "description": "1939 neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union", "summary_extract": "The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with a secret protocol establishing Soviet and German spheres of influence across Eastern Europe. The pact was signed in Moscow on 24 August 1939 by Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["international_relations", "peace_conference"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q130974787", "subject": "Kasanzi attack", "wikipedia_title": "Kasanzi attack", "description": "2021 massacre", "summary_extract": "On August 28, 2021, jihadists from the Islamic State - Central Africa Province (ISCAP) attacked the village of Kasanzi, Beni Territory, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nineteen civilians were killed in the massacre, and the attack was part of a larger spree by ISCAP against villages in Beni Territory.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q13098914", "subject": "1993 Latvian presidential election", "wikipedia_title": "1993 Latvian presidential election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1993 presidential elections in Latvia took place on July 7, 1993. It was the first presidential election after the restoration of Latvia's independence. Guntis Ulmanis was elected the 5th President of Latvia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1311758", "subject": "William Huston Natcher", "wikipedia_title": "William Natcher", "description": "Democratic congressman, serving in the United States House of Representatives from 1953 to 1994", "summary_extract": "William Huston Natcher was a Democratic congressman, serving in the United States House of Representatives from 1953 until his death from heart failure in Bethesda, Maryland in 1994. He is the second longest-serving member ever of the United States House of Representatives from the Commonwealth of Kentucky.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1994, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q131355", "subject": "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "wikipedia_title": "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "description": "4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1928–1979)", "summary_extract": "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto NPk HPk was a Pakistani barrister, politician and statesman who served as the fourth president of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and later as the ninth prime minister of Pakistan from 1973 until his overthrow in 1977. He was also the founder and first chairman of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) from 1967 until his execution in 1979.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q131402505", "subject": "Palmyra offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Palmyra offensive (2024)", "description": "2024 offensive", "summary_extract": "On 6 December 2024, the United States–backed Syrian Free Army, with support from Suqour al-Sham, launched an offensive from the Al-Tanf \"deconfliction zone\" on the ancient city of Palmyra in the eastern area of the Homs Governorate. The United States reportedly gave logistical support to the opposition groups. The offensive came following setbacks by the government of Bashar al-Assad on other fronts, especially after the northwestern offensive by Tahrir al-Sham.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q131546149", "subject": "2008 Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2008 Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council election", "description": "2008 English local election", "summary_extract": "The 2008 Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect a third of the members of Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council, the council of Rotherham in England. This was on the same day as the other 2008 United Kingdom local elections. In the election, the council stayed under Labour control.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q131626367", "subject": "Battle of Hargeisa", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Hargeisa (1988)", "description": "battle between the Somalian regime and the Somali National Movement", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Hargeisa occurred on 31 May 1988 during the Somaliland War of Independence, when the Somali National Movement launched a surprise attack on Hargeisa, a major city in Somaliland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q132200407", "subject": "2025 Santa Fe mayoral election", "wikipedia_title": "2025 Santa Fe mayoral election", "description": "local election in Santa Fe, New Mexico", "summary_extract": "The 2025 Santa Fe mayoral election was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2025. Incumbent mayor Alan Webber did not run for re-election. Santa Fe has used instant runoff ranked-choice voting in its mayoral elections since 2018. Michael J. Garcia won with 13,400 votes (62.77%) after seven rounds of runoffs, having received 8,838 (35.97%) in the first round. He took office January 1, 2026.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1325226", "subject": "Martin Burckhardt", "wikipedia_title": "Martin Burckhardt (architect)", "description": "Swiss architect and politician (1921-2007)", "summary_extract": "Martin Burckhardt, born on 5 March 1921 in Basel and died on 6 February 2007 in the same city, was a Swiss architect and politician, member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the National Council from 1987 to 1991.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2007, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q132746205", "subject": "2025 Grand National", "wikipedia_title": "2025 Grand National", "description": "annual horse race in Aintree, England", "summary_extract": "The 2025 Grand National was the 177th annual running of the Grand National horse race. It took place on Saturday 5 April 2025, at Aintree near Liverpool, England. The winner was Nick Rockett, trained by Willie Mullins and ridden by his son, amateur jockey Patrick Mullins.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1334253", "subject": "Jayuya Uprising", "wikipedia_title": "Jayuya Uprising", "description": "Nationalist revolt that took place on October 30, 1950", "summary_extract": "The Jayuya Uprising, also known as Jayuya Revolt or Cry of Jayuya, was a Nationalist revolt that took place on October 30, 1950, in the town of Jayuya, Puerto Rico. The revolt, led by Blanca Canales, was one of the multiple revolts that occurred throughout Puerto Rico on that day against the Puerto Rican government supported by the United States. The Nationalists were opposed to U.S. sovereignty over Puerto Rico.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["coup", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q133594110", "subject": "Marc Hijink", "wikipedia_title": "Marc Hijink", "description": "tech columnist and author", "summary_extract": "Marc Hijink is a Dutch financial journalist and technology columnist, recognized for his comprehensive coverage of the semiconductor industry.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q134253322", "subject": "Max Fontaine", "wikipedia_title": "Max Fontaine", "description": "Malagasy politician", "summary_extract": "Max Fontaine (born December 25, 1995, in Antananarivo, is a Malagasy entrepreneur and politician. He served as Minister of the Environment and Sustainable Development of Madagascar from January 14, 2024, to September 29, 2025, in the fourth and fifth governments of Christian Ntsay.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q134286893", "subject": "Birmingham bin strike", "wikipedia_title": "2025–2026 Birmingham bin strike", "description": "industrial action over pay in the garbage disposal industry", "summary_extract": "The 2025–2026 Birmingham bin strike is an ongoing standoff between striking refuse workers and Birmingham City Council in Birmingham, England. The workers, represented by Unite the Union, began their strike on 11 March 2025 after a dispute with the council over its proposed pay cuts and elimination of Waste Recycling and Collection Officer (WRCO) roles.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1345552", "subject": "Harvey Leibenstein", "wikipedia_title": "Harvey Leibenstein", "description": "American economist (1922-1994)", "summary_extract": "Harvey Leibenstein was a Ukrainian-born American economist. He was a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley from 1951 to 1967 and at Harvard University from 1967 to 1987. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-inefficiency and the critical minimum effort thesis in development economics.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1994, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q134622176", "subject": "Landing at Gagra", "wikipedia_title": "Gagra landing (August 1992)", "description": "1992 landing operation", "summary_extract": "The Gagra landing was a landing operation undertaken by the Georgian National Guard and Mkhedrioni and associated battle for the Gagra district in the beginning of the 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia. The operation was successful and Georgians took control of the district.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q13479644", "subject": "1955 Swedish driving side referendum", "wikipedia_title": "1955 Swedish driving side referendum", "description": "referendum in Sweden on October 1955 regarding alcohol prohibition", "summary_extract": "A non-binding referendum on the introduction of right hand traffic was held in Sweden on 16 October 1955.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["ceasefire", "sweden"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q135012695", "subject": "Progressive and Popular Revolution", "wikipedia_title": "Popular Progressive Revolution", "description": "Burkina Faso Revolution", "summary_extract": "The Popular Progressive Revolution (RPP) is a social and political revolution in Burkina Faso that was proclaimed by Burkinabe President Ibrahim Traoré on 1 April 2025, the current leader of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (MPSR2), the official name of the ruling military junta of Burkina Faso. The Popular Progressive Revolution is named after the Democratic and Popular revolution, a name given to the Revolution and social upheaval of the Sankarist era by Thomas Sankara. According to Traoré and supporters, the Popular Progressive Revolution seeks to build a Pan-African coalition to combat what its supporters call French Neo-Colonialism and Imperialism. It places emphasis on connecting with the Sankara era of Burkina Faso. Its main ideological futures are nationalism and a state-led economy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q13511605", "subject": "1975 LaGuardia Airport bombing", "wikipedia_title": "1975 LaGuardia Airport bombing", "description": "1975 terrorist attack", "summary_extract": "On December 29, 1975, a bomb detonated near the Trans World Airlines (TWA) baggage reclaim terminal at LaGuardia Airport in New York City, United States, killing 11 people and seriously injuring 74 others. Investigators theorized that it might have been committed by anti-Yugoslavia Croatians or agents of the Yugoslavian government intending to discredit the opposition, but the crime remains unsolved. The attack occurred during a four-year period of heightened terrorism within the United States, and 1975 was especially volatile, with bombings in New York City and Washington, D.C. and two assassination attempts on President Gerald Ford.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["explosion"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q135297894", "subject": "June 6 Movement", "wikipedia_title": "June 6 Movement", "description": "civil organization from Togo", "summary_extract": "The June 6 Movement is a Togolese social and political movement created on 6 June 2025 and composed for the most part of bloggers and artists, notably from the diaspora.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1357815", "subject": "Ernst Dammann", "wikipedia_title": "Ernst Dammann", "description": "German Africanist, theologian and Nazi Party official in Tanganyika", "summary_extract": "Ernst Karl Alwin Hans Dammann was a German Africanist. With Walter Markov, he was one of the founders of African Studies in the DDR, and as a student of Carl Meinhof and the successor of Diedrich Hermann Westermann, was part of the \"second wave\" of German Africanists. A prodigious scholar of African languages and a one-time missionary in Tanga, Tanzania, he was an early member of the Nazi party, and his scientific work was criticized as imbued with racist ideology.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q13578863", "subject": "Erik De Clercq", "wikipedia_title": "Erik De Clercq", "description": "biologist, physician", "summary_extract": "Erik De Clercq M.D. Ph.D., (1941) is a Belgian physician and biologist. He studied medicine at the Catholic University of Leuven. He did research and later became a professor at the Department of Medicine, where he specialised in microbiology and immunology. He worked at the Rega Institute for Medical Research. He is one of the founders and the second president of the International Society for Antiviral Research.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q136091355", "subject": "Boye Baby", "wikipedia_title": "Boye Baby", "description": "Senegalese politician", "summary_extract": "Boye Baby, was born in Bakel on the 12th of November 1990. She is a Senegalese female politician and deputy to the National assembly under the political party PASTEF.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1362259", "subject": "Michel Pablo", "wikipedia_title": "Michel Pablo", "description": "Greek Trotskyist leader (1911–1996)", "summary_extract": "Michel Pablo was the pseudonym of Michalis N. Raptis, a Trotskyist leader of Greek origin.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q136718126", "subject": "Battles of the French evacuation from Tunisia", "wikipedia_title": "Battles of the French evacuation from Tunisia", "description": "1961 battles", "summary_extract": "The Battles of the French evacuation from Tunisia were a series of armed confrontations between the Tunisian Armed Forces and the French Armed Forces in July and August 1961, during the final phase of France's military presence in Tunisia. These clashes included the well-known Bizerte crisis, the Battle of Remada, and the Battle of marker 233. They marked the last violent episode between the two countries before France's complete withdrawal from Tunisian territory in October 1963.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q136772499", "subject": "2026 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum", "wikipedia_title": "2026 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum", "description": "Planned referendum in Bangladesh", "summary_extract": "A constitutional referendum took place in Bangladesh on 12 February 2026, alongside the general election. Voters were asked about the provisions of the July Charter and related amendments to the Constitution of Bangladesh. \"July National Charter Implementation Order, 2025\" were issued for this purpose.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2026, "domains": ["referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1371474", "subject": "Ilias Tsirimokos", "wikipedia_title": "Ilias Tsirimokos", "description": "Greek politician, former Prime Minister of Greece (1907–1968)", "summary_extract": "Ilias Tsirimokos was a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece for a very brief period.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1371565", "subject": "Etienne Vermeersch", "wikipedia_title": "Etienne Vermeersch", "description": "Belgian debater, philosopher and skeptic (1934–2019)", "summary_extract": "Etienne Vermeersch was a Belgian moral philosopher, skeptic, opinion maker and debater. He is one of the founding fathers of the abortion, euthanasia law, and the Law on Patients' Rights in Belgium. Vermeersch became an atheist after five years with the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Later he became a philosophical materialist. In January 2008, Vermeersch was chosen by hundred prominent Flemings as the most influential intellectual of Flanders. He died in a hospital in Ghent on 18 January 2019 by euthanasia after a long illness.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q137167469", "subject": "Battle of Sukhumi", "wikipedia_title": "Fall of Sukhumi", "description": "September 1993 battle", "summary_extract": "The Fall of Sukhumi or the Siege of Sukhumi occurred from 16 to 27 September 1993, involving the Abkhaz separatists, along with their Russian and North Caucasian backers, and Georgia, being the last engagement of the War in Abkhazia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q137266485", "subject": "2025 Beninese coup attempt", "wikipedia_title": "2025 Beninese coup attempt", "description": "thwarted coup in 7 Dec. 2025 when several soldiers of the Benin Armed Forces led by Pascal Tigri announced on national television the overthrow of the government", "summary_extract": "On 7 December 2025, several soldiers of the Benin Armed Forces (FAB) led by Lieutenant Colonel Pascal Tigri announced on national television the overthrow of Patrice Talon, the president of Benin, following an attack on Talon's residence in Cotonou and the residences of other top-ranking military officials. Talon's government requested military assistance from Nigeria, and hours later, Beninese interior minister Alassane Seidou said that the coup attempt had been thwarted. The ECOWAS Standby Force was then deployed to maintain security. Several people on both sides, including one civilian, were killed during the attempt.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["conflicts", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q137516147", "subject": "Free Republic of Wackerland", "wikipedia_title": "Free Republic of Wackerland", "description": "micronation in Germany", "summary_extract": "The Free Republic of Wackerland was a hut village on the construction site of the Wackersdorf reprocessing plant (WAA) in Bavaria (Germany). The builders intended to obstruct the construction of the nuclear facility and the clearing of the surrounding forest by occupying the site. The protest village in the Taxölden Forest (Bodenwöhr) existed for 18 days, from December 21, 1985, to January 7, 1986, and was cleared by a large contingent of police and Federal Border Guards.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q137654073", "subject": "Mérida Offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Mérida Offensive", "description": "1936 offensive", "summary_extract": "The Mérida Offensive was a military operation, carried out by the Nationalists during the very early phase of the Spanish Civil War in August 1936; if formed part of the Extremadura campaign. Its primary objective was connecting two rebel zones, separated by the loyalist-held southern Extremadura. The operation was designed and prepared by Franco; its starting point was Seville. The raid was executed by an improvised force, which grew from 1,000 at the beginning to 5,000 later, and composed mostly of the Foreign Legion and the Regulares infantry units. Most of the time the Nationalists operated in two battlegroups usually referred to as \"columns\", commanded by Asensio and Castejón. Between August 2 and August 11 they performed a breakthrough raid of some 180 km, defeating much more numerous yet loose and poorly organized loyalists during engagements at Santa Olalla, Monesterio, Llerena, Los Santos de Maimona, and Almendralejo; the operation climaxed in the battle of Mérida. Success of the Mérida Offensive linked two separate rebel-held zones and proved of paramount importance for future military developments of 1936; it was also vital for future rise of Franco as the overall rebel commander.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q137766", "subject": "Free Republic of Wendland", "wikipedia_title": "Free Republic of Wendland", "description": "micronation", "summary_extract": "The Free Republic of Wendland was a self-declared micronation and protest camp established in Gorleben, West Germany, on 3 May 1980 to protest against the establishment of a nuclear waste dump there. On 4 June 1980, the police moved in and evicted the camp.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q138007480", "subject": "Jerzy Popiełuszko assassination trial", "wikipedia_title": "Jerzy Popiełuszko assassination trial", "description": "1984 murder trial in Toruń", "summary_extract": "Following the assassination of a 37-year-old Polish Catholic priest Jerzy Popiełuszko on 19 October 1984, the trial began on 27 December that year in the provincial court of Toruń in Poland. It investigated the following incident, conviction, and sentencing of four Polish officers, also known as the Toruń trial. The four officers who were convicted and sentenced regarding the trial were Grzegorz Piotrowski, captain and the ringleader of Soviet-led Polish counterintelligence agency Security Service, Adam Pietruszka, Leszek Pękala, and Waldemar Chmielewski–ages 33, 47, 32, 29, respectively. The trial lasted until 7 February 1985. It was believed to be the first case to have communist government persecute four secret agents publicly.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["conflict", "poland"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1380259", "subject": "Lee Byrne", "wikipedia_title": "Lee Byrne", "description": "Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "\n\n{{Infobox rugby biography \n| name = Lee Byrne\n| image = \n| caption = \n| birth_name = Lee Martin Byrne\n| birth_date = 1 June 1980\n| birth_place = Bridgend, Wales\n| height = 191 cm \n| weight = 98 kg \n| relatives = Andrea Byrne (wife)\n| ru_position = Fullback, Wing\n| amatteam1 = Tondu RFC\n| amatteam2 = [[Bridgend \n¡ amatteam2. = penygraig\nAthletic RFC|Bridgend Athletic]]\n| years1 = 2003–2005 | clubs1 = Llanelli RFC\n| years2 = 2003–2006 | clubs2 = Scarlets\n| years3 = 2006–2011 | clubs3 = Ospreys\n| years4 = 2011–2014 | clubs4 = Clermont\n| years5 = 2014–2015 | clubs5 = Dragons\n| apps1 = 41 | points1 = 72\n| apps2 = 29 | points2 = 50\n| apps3 = 92 | points3 = 145\n| apps4 = 62 | points4 = 45\n| apps5 = 6 | points5 = 0\n| repyears1 = 2005–2011 | repteam1 = Wales\n| repyears2 = 2009\n| repteam2 = British & Irish Lions\n| repcaps1 = 46 | reppoints1 = 55\n| repcaps2 = 1 | reppoints2 = 0\n| ru_ntupdate = 24 November 2011", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q138521081", "subject": "2026 Lebanon War", "wikipedia_title": "2026 Lebanon war", "description": "ongoing armed conflict in Middle East", "summary_extract": "Since 2 March 2026, there has been an ongoing war in Lebanon between Israel and the Lebanese Shia militant group Hezbollah, with Israel invading parts of Lebanon. It is a resumption of major fighting in the Hezbollah–Israel conflict that began in late 2023, and is part of the wider conflict in the Middle East. The war has precipitated a still-developing humanitarian crisis, resulted in deaths of more than 4,000 people from Israeli strikes in Lebanon, seen the forced displacement of over 1 million, and entailed the deployment of matériel and tactics that potentially constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2026, "domains": ["conflict", "israel"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q138575", "subject": "Stanley C. Wilson", "wikipedia_title": "Stanley C. Wilson", "description": "American politician (1879–1967)", "summary_extract": "Stanley Calef Wilson was an American politician, attorney, and businessman from Vermont. He served as the 57th lieutenant governor of Vermont from 1929 to 1931 and the 62nd governor of Vermont from 1931 to 1935.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q138581266", "subject": "Damoni Kitabire", "wikipedia_title": "Damoni Kitabire", "description": "Ugandan economist", "summary_extract": "Damoni Kitabire (1958) is a Uganda economist and chairman of the board of Stanbic Bank Uganda.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q138748464", "subject": "Battle of Kâmpóng Cham", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Kâmpóng Cham", "description": "1973 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Kâmpóng Cham was a military engagement from August to October 1973 for control of the Cambodian city of Kâmpóng Cham between Khmer Republic defenders and Khmer Rouge attackers.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q138775843", "subject": "2026 New Zealand Derby", "wikipedia_title": "2026 New Zealand Derby", "description": "group I horse race", "summary_extract": "The 2026 New Zealand Derby was a Group I horse race which was run at Ellerslie Racecourse in Auckland, New Zealand, on 7 March 2026. It was the 151st running of the New Zealand Derby, and it was won by Road To Paris.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2026, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1392860", "subject": "Raimon Obiols i Germà", "wikipedia_title": "Raimon Obiols", "description": "Spanish politician", "summary_extract": "Josep Maria \"Raimon\" Obiols i Germà is a Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), part of the Party of European Socialists. He is a high-ranking-member of the PSOE Catalonia wing, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC). Obiols began his political career in 1977 when he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Barcelona Province serving until 1984, when he resigned after being elected to the Parliament of Catalunya.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q139891739", "subject": "2025–2026 Albanian opposition protests", "wikipedia_title": "2025–2026 Albanian opposition protests", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 2025–2026 Albanian opposition protests are a series of protests both against Prime Minister Edi Rama and his government following the indictment of his deputy Belinda Balluku on corruption charges. The opposition has demanded Rama's resignation, a technocratic government, new elections without Rama. Protests have ranged from small gatherings in front of the Prime Minister's office to large-scale violent clashes in Tirana. These protests have resulted in multiple arrests, which have also included minors. Protesters have used Molotov cocktails, fireworks, and flares against police and government buildings.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2025, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q139898242", "subject": "Battle of Se La Pass", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Se La Pass", "description": "1962 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Se La Pass and Bomdi La, commonly known as the Battle of Se La Pass, was a battle fought between the People's Liberation Army and the Indian Army in the Se La Pass to Bomdi La region of Tibet during the Sino-Indian War in November 1962.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q14085240", "subject": "Juan Diego Requena Ruiz", "wikipedia_title": "Juan Diego Requena", "description": "Spanish politician", "summary_extract": "Juan Diego Requena Ruiz is a Spanish politician serving as a member of the Congress of Deputies since 2019. From 2011 to 2022, he served as mayor of Santisteban del Puerto.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q14157935", "subject": "Joaquín Fanjul Goñi", "wikipedia_title": "Joaquín Fanjul", "description": "Spanish military personnel (1880-1936)", "summary_extract": "Joaquín Fanjul Goñi was a Spanish military officer, politician of the Spanish Agrarian Party and lawyer. A veteran of the Cuban and Moroccan campaigns, he served as a member of parliament on several occasions. During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, he attained the rank of general. A prominent member of the Spanish Military Union (UME), he was involved in several military conspiracies against the Second Republic. At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, he was one of the leaders of the military uprising in Madrid. Captured by Republican forces, he was sentenced to death, and executed by firing squad.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q1429938", "subject": "Florian Toncar", "wikipedia_title": "Florian Toncar", "description": "German politician", "summary_extract": "Florian Toncar is a German lawyer and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). He has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg from 2005 to 2013 and again from 2017 to 2025. He served as Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Finance in the coalition government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz from 2021 until November 2024.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1447718", "subject": "Sydney Anderson", "wikipedia_title": "Sydney Anderson", "description": "American politician (1881-1948)", "summary_extract": "Sydney Anderson was a representative from Minnesota; born in Zumbrota, Minnesota.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1448645", "subject": "Franz Rauscher", "wikipedia_title": "Franz Rauscher", "description": "Austrian politician (1900-1988)", "summary_extract": "Franz Rauscher, born in Vienna, Austria, was an Austrian Social Democrat politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q14490866", "subject": "1987 Lieyu massacre", "wikipedia_title": "1987 Lieyu massacre", "description": "massacre of Vietnamese boat people by the Taiwanese Military", "summary_extract": "The 1987 Lieyu massacre occurred on 7 March 1987 at Donggang Bay, Lieyu Island, Kinmen, Fuchien, Republic of China (ROC) when soldiers from the ROC Army's 158 Heavy Infantry Division killed 24 Vietnamese refugees on the shoreline of Donggang Bay, including eight children, five women and eleven men. The ROC military officially denied the massacre and defined it as an incident of \"accidental manslaughter\" (誤殺事件), hence referring to it as the March 7 Incident (三七事件) or Donggang Incident (東崗事件).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q14491953", "subject": "Gretel Beer", "wikipedia_title": "Gretel Beer", "description": "Austrian-British author", "summary_extract": "Gretel Beer was an Austrian-born English author of cooking books and travel reports. She also served as a cookery writer for The Daily Telegraph and Daily Express newspapers.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2010, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q145038", "subject": "Zaldy Ampatuan", "wikipedia_title": "Zaldy Ampatuan", "description": "Filipino politician", "summary_extract": "Zaldy Uy Ampatuan is a Filipino convicted mass murderer and former politician. He is one of the main perpetrators of the Maguindanao massacre along with his father, brothers, and nephews.\nHe served as governor of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) from 2005 until his suspension in 2009 due to his role in the massacre. He was a member of the ARMM Legislative Assembly from 1993 to 1998.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q14523591", "subject": "Syrian-Jordanian War 2012-2018", "wikipedia_title": "Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war", "description": "violent incidents", "summary_extract": "Violent incidents took place on the arid 379 km (235 mi) Jordan–Syria border over the course of the Syrian Civil War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q14597171", "subject": "John S. Walmsley, Jr.", "wikipedia_title": "John S. Walmsley Jr.", "description": "United States Air Force Medal of Honor recipient (1920-1951)", "summary_extract": "John Springer Walmsley Jr. was a bomber pilot in the United States Army Air Forces after World War II and the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Walmsley rose to the rank of captain and posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions on September 14, 1951, above Yangdok, North Korea, during a bombing mission.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1462755", "subject": "Friedrich Wehmer", "wikipedia_title": "Friedrich Wehmer", "description": "German politician (1885-1964)", "summary_extract": "Friedrich Wehmer was a German politician of the SPD during the Weimar period and in the German Democratic Republic, where he served as a member of the Volkskammer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1463516", "subject": "Nicaraguan Revolution", "wikipedia_title": "Nicaraguan Revolution", "description": "20th century armed conflict in Nicaragua", "summary_extract": "The Nicaraguan Revolution, or Sandinista Revolution was an armed conflict that took place in the Central American nation of Nicaragua between 1961 and 1990.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1471839", "subject": "Battle of Păuliş", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Păuliș", "description": "1944 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Păuliș took place in September 1944 in Arad County, western Romania as part of the wider Battle of Romania of World War II. It was fought between Hungarian and Romanian troops, after King Michael's Coup put Romania on the side of the Allies. The Romanians fought off persistent and heavy Hungarian attacks for 4 days. With the arrival of Soviet reinforcements they counter-attacked and pushed the Hungarians back to their original positions.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1482369", "subject": "Markale massacres", "wikipedia_title": "Markale massacres", "description": "two bombardments by the Army of the Republika Srpska on civilians during the Siege of Sarajevo in the Bosnian War", "summary_extract": "Two bombardments, with at least one of them confirmed to have been carried out by the Army of Republika Srpska, targeted civilians at the Markale (marketplace) during the siege of Sarajevo in the Bosnian War. The first occurred on 5 February 1994; 68 people were killed and 144 more were wounded by a 120-millimetre (4.7 in) mortar. The second occurred on 28 August 1995 when five mortar shells launched by Army of Republika Srpska killed 43 people and wounded 75 others. The latter attack was the alleged reason for NATO air strikes against Bosnian Serb forces that would eventually lead to the Dayton Peace Accords and the end of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1994, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1501146", "subject": "Gemma Hussey", "wikipedia_title": "Gemma Hussey", "description": "Irish politician", "summary_extract": "Gemma Hussey was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Social Welfare from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Labour from January 1987 to March 1987, Minister for Education from 1982 to 1986, Leader of the Seanad and Leader of Fine Gael in the Seanad from 1981 to 1982. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency from 1982 to 1989. She also served as a Senator for the National University from 1977 to 1982.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1503", "subject": "Manuel L. Quezon", "wikipedia_title": "Manuel L. Quezon", "description": "President of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944", "summary_extract": "Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, also known by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino lawyer, statesman, soldier, and politician who served as the second president of the Philippines from 1935 until his death in 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines and is considered the second president of the Philippines after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901), whom Quezon defeated in the 1935 presidential election. Quezon City, a city in Metro Manila and Quezon Province, are named after him.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q15030960", "subject": "Rūdolfs Gaitars", "wikipedia_title": "Rūdolfs Gaitars", "description": "Latvian SS officer (1907-1945)", "summary_extract": "Rūdolfs Gaitars was a Waffen-Obersturmführer in the Waffen SS during World War II. He was the first Latvian to be awarded the German Cross in Gold.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q150812", "subject": "1939 Invasion of Poland", "wikipedia_title": "Invasion of Poland", "description": "German, Soviet, and Slovak attack on and takeover of Poland that marked the start of World War II", "summary_extract": "The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939, was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion was preceded by the Danzig crisis and began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had approved the pact. The Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "poland"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1518797", "subject": "Operation Karez", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Karez", "description": "2008 military operation", "summary_extract": "Operation Karez was a military operation between May 13–23, 2008 involving Norwegian and German ISAF and Afghan government forces against the Taliban as part of the war in Afghanistan. Their objective was to eliminate the presence of Taliban insurgents who had regrouped in the area in the aftermath of Operation Harekate Yolo in late 2007.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["battle", "germany"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q15243277", "subject": "2013 Melbourne Cup", "wikipedia_title": "2013 Melbourne Cup", "description": "2013 Melbourne Cup", "summary_extract": "The 2013 Emirates Melbourne Cup was the 153rd running of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race. The race, held on 5 November 2013, at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Victoria, was won by Fiorente. The horse, owned by Andrew Roberts and Barry Pang, was bred in Ireland, trained in Australia by Gai Waterhouse, and ridden by jockey Damien Oliver. It was Oliver's third victory in the event, after previous wins in 1995 and 2002, and his first start after a ten-month ban for a betting offence. Waterhouse, the daughter of Tommy J. Smith, who trained winners in 1955 and 1981, became the first Australian woman to train a winner.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2013, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1530440", "subject": "K. C. Wu", "wikipedia_title": "K. C. Wu", "description": "Chinese politician and historian (1903-1984)", "summary_extract": "Wu Kuo-chen (Chinese: 吳國楨; Wade–Giles: Wu2 Kuo2-chên1; October 21, 1903 – June 6, 1984), also known as K. C. Wu, was a Chinese political figure and writer. Among other offices, he served as Mayor of Shanghai and as Chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1541340", "subject": "Battle of Cape Spartivento", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Cape Spartivento", "description": "1940 naval battle during the battle of the Mediterranean", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Cape Spartivento was a naval battle during the Battle of the Mediterranean in the Second World War, fought between naval forces of the Royal Navy and the Italian Regia Marina on 27 November 1940.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["battle", "italy"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q154288", "subject": "Black September", "wikipedia_title": "Black September", "description": "civil war (1970–1971) in Jordan between King Hussein’s forces and the Palestine Liberation Organisation", "summary_extract": "Black September, also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was an armed conflict between Jordan, led by King Hussein, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), led by chairman Yasser Arafat. The main phase of the fighting took place between 16 and 27 September 1970, though certain aspects of the conflict continued until 17 July 1971.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["conflict", "international_relations", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q15453014", "subject": "Martin Blumenson", "wikipedia_title": "Martin Blumenson", "description": "American military historian", "summary_extract": "Martin Blumenson was an American military historian who served as a historical officer with the Third and Seventh Armies in World War II and later became a prolific author. His works included a biography of General George S. Patton.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1545603", "subject": "Sophie Reyer", "wikipedia_title": "Sophie Reyer", "description": "Austrian writer", "summary_extract": "Sophie Anna Reyer is an Austrian author of multiple theater pieces and publications. She was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1984. Reyer discovered her various profound talents in the arts at a young age as a child prodigy, honing her skills as a scriptwriter for children's theatre as well as a composer of classical music.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q15487238", "subject": "Henry Wansbrough", "wikipedia_title": "Henry Wansbrough", "description": "English theologian, educator, priest", "summary_extract": "Henry Wansbrough is an English biblical scholar, Catholic priest, and monk of Ampleforth Abbey. From 1990 to 2004, he served as Master of St Benet's Hall, Oxford.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q155111", "subject": "Iskandar Ali Mirza", "wikipedia_title": "Iskander Mirza", "description": "Pakistani politician, statesman and military general (1899–1969)", "summary_extract": "Iskander Ali Mirza was a Pakistani politician and military general who served as the fourth and last governor-general of Pakistan from 1955 to 1956, and then as the first president of Pakistan from the promulgation of the first constitution in 1956 until his overthrow in a coup d'état in 1958, following his declaration of martial law and unilateral abrogation of the constitution.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q155723", "subject": "NATO bombing of Yugoslavia", "wikipedia_title": "NATO bombing of Yugoslavia", "description": "March–June 1999 NATO military operation", "summary_extract": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War. The air strikes lasted from 24 March 1999 to 10 June 1999. The bombings continued until an agreement was reached that led to the withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army from Kosovo, and the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, a UN peacekeeping mission in Kosovo. The official NATO operation code name was Operation Allied Force whereas the United States called it Operation Noble Anvil ; in Yugoslavia, the operation was incorrectly called Merciful Angel, possibly as a result of a misunderstanding or mistranslation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1999, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q15697866", "subject": "Kuntala Kumari Sabat", "wikipedia_title": "Kuntala Kumari Sabat", "description": "Odia poet, writer, and activist", "summary_extract": "Kuntala Kumari Sabat (1901–1938) was an Odia poet during colonial India. She was one of the women poets who came into prominence from Odisha during India's freedom struggle. She was multifaceted personality. She was a physician, writer, poet, editor, leader of nationalist movement and social worker. She was honored with Utkala Bharati in 1925.She had a one son named Jagmohan Das. Grandson name Rudramohan Das and Chidananda Das.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q1571886", "subject": "Luise Ermisch", "wikipedia_title": "Luise Ermisch", "description": "German politician (1916-2001)", "summary_extract": "Luise Ermisch (born Luise Thürmer; 20 May 1916 in Halle – 17 January 2001 in Mühlhausen was a German political activist and later a senior politician in the German Democratic Republic, who balanced her political career with an ongoing involvement in the clothing industry.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1578235", "subject": "Hans Ulrich Klose", "wikipedia_title": "Hans-Ulrich Klose (politician, born 1935)", "description": "German politician (1935–2022)", "summary_extract": "Hans-Ulrich Klose was a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, he served in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1985 to 2005. He died in Korschenbroich on 7 February 2022, at the age of 86.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q15803779", "subject": "Confédération Interalliée des Sous-Officiers de Réserve", "wikipedia_title": "Confédération Interalliée des Sous-Officiers de Réserve", "description": "organization", "summary_extract": "The Confédération Interalliée des Sous-Officiers de Réserve (CISOR), until 2013 also known as Association Européenne des Sous-Officiers de Réserve (AESOR), is the parent organisation of the national European NCO Reserve Corps within the NATO and also international. Currently CISOR consists of 18 countries under the presidential lead of Finland. This non-profit organisation was founded on 1 June 1963.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1585862", "subject": "Harold Connolly", "wikipedia_title": "Harold Connolly", "description": "Canadian politician (1901–1980)", "summary_extract": "Harold Joseph Connolly was a Canadian journalist, newspaper editor, and politician who served as the 15th premier of Nova Scotia in 1954.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q159065", "subject": "Vistula–Oder Offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Vistula–Oder offensive", "description": "1945 offensive by the Soviet Red Army and Polish Army against Germany", "summary_extract": "The Vistula–Oder offensive was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front in the European theatre of World War II in January 1945. The army made a major advance into German-held territory, capturing Kraków, Warsaw, and Poznań. The Red Army had built up their strength around a number of key bridgeheads, with two fronts commanded by Marshal Georgy Zhukov and Marshal Ivan Konev. Against them, the German Army Group A, led by Colonel-General Josef Harpe, was outnumbered five to one. Within days, German commandants evacuated the concentration camps, sending the prisoners on their death marches to the west, where ethnic Germans also started fleeing. In a little over two weeks, the Red Army had advanced 480 kilometres (300 mi) from the Vistula to the Oder, only 69 kilometres (43 mi) from Berlin, which was undefended. However, Zhukov called a halt, owing to continued German resistance on his northern flank (Pomerania), and the advance on Berlin had to be delayed until April.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict", "germany"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q159644", "subject": "Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany", "wikipedia_title": "Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany", "description": "1990 treaty making Germany fully independent", "summary_extract": "The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany ,\nmore commonly referred to as the Two Plus Four Agreement ,\nis an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in October 1990. It was negotiated in 1990 between the 'two', the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in addition to the Four Powers which had occupied Germany at the end of World War II in Europe: France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The treaty supplanted the 1945 Potsdam Agreement: in it, the Four Powers renounced all rights they had held with regard to Germany, allowing for its reunification as a fully sovereign state the following year. Additionally, the two German states agreed to reconfirm the existing border with Poland in the German–Polish Border Treaty, accepting that German territory post-reunification would consist only of what was presently administered by West and East Germany—renouncing explicitly any possible claims to the former eastern territories of Germany including East Prussia, most of Silesia, and the eastern parts of Brandenburg and Pomerania.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["peace_conference", "politics"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1597628", "subject": "Heinrich Hohl", "wikipedia_title": "Heinrich Hohl", "description": "German politician (1900-1968)", "summary_extract": "Heinrich Hohl was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q15993247", "subject": "Stephen Mallinga", "wikipedia_title": "Stephen Mallinga", "description": "Ugandan politician", "summary_extract": "Stephen Oscar Mallinga was a Ugandan medical doctor and politician. At the time of his death, he was the Minister of Disaster Preparedness and Refugees. He was appointed to that position on 27 May 2011. He replaced Tarsis Kabwegyere, who was dropped from the Cabinet. From 2006 until 2011, he served as Uganda's Minister of Health. He was also the elected Member of Parliament (MP), representing the Butebo County Constituency, in Pallisa District. He was buried on 19 April 2013 in Pallisa.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["minister", "physician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q16009912", "subject": "Harry Beverley", "wikipedia_title": "Harry Beverley (rugby league, born 1907)", "description": "English rugby league footballer and coach", "summary_extract": "Harry Beverley was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s, and coached in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England, British Empire and Yorkshire, and at club level for Hunslet and Halifax, as a loose forward, and coached at club level for Wakefield Trinity and Bradford Northern.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1605663", "subject": "Henri-Chapelle American Cemetery and Memorial", "wikipedia_title": "Henri-Chapelle American Cemetery and Memorial", "description": "American military cemetery", "summary_extract": "Henri-Chapelle American Cemetery and Memorial is a Second World War American military war grave cemetery in eastern Belgium. It is 3 km (2 mi) northwest of Henri-Chapelle, about 30 km (20 mi) east of Liège. Dedicated in 1960, the cemetery contains 7,992 American war dead and covers 57 acres (23 ha).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16057158", "subject": "19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "wikipedia_title": "Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "description": "part of USSR communist party", "summary_extract": "The Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was in session from 1952 to 1956.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16113803", "subject": "Battle of Vozuća", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Vozuća", "description": "1995 attack by the 3rd Corps and the foreign troops of the Bosnian Mujahideen against the strategically important village Vozuća during the Bosnian War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Vozuća was an attack by the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the foreign troops of the Bosnian mujahideen on 10 September 1995 against the strategically important Army of Republika Srpska-held village of Vozuća, in the municipality of Zavidovići during the Bosnian War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16146516", "subject": "1 April Attacks", "wikipedia_title": "1 April attacks (Cyprus)", "description": "series of attacks across Cyprus", "summary_extract": "The 1 April Attacks were a series of attacks across Cyprus in 1955 by the Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA) which led to the start of the Cyprus Emergency. Multiple British locations were attacked after midnight by EOKA members. This attack was accompanied by the distribution of leaflets across Cyprus.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16147223", "subject": "María de Lourdes Amaya", "wikipedia_title": "María de Lourdes Amaya", "description": "Mexican politician", "summary_extract": "María de Lourdes Amaya Reyes is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). \nIn the 2012 general election she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies \nto represent the 25th district of the Federal District during the \n62nd session of Congress.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16165362", "subject": "Battle for Cebu City", "wikipedia_title": "Battle for Cebu City", "description": "1945 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle for Cebu City was a major engagement of World War II that occurred between March 26 and April 8, 1945, during the second Philippines campaign. The battle resulted in an Allied victory over the occupying Japanese Army and the liberation of Cebu City.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1618587", "subject": "Hilgard Muller", "wikipedia_title": "Hilgard Muller", "description": "politician (1914-1985)", "summary_extract": "Hilgard Muller, was a South African politician of the National Party, Mayor of Pretoria in 1953–1955, elected an MP in 1958, appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs after the resignation of Eric Louw in 1964. He relinquished both posts in 1977. Studying at the University of Pretoria, he obtained a Rhodes Scholarship at the University of Oxford, earning a doctorate in law. Practicing law in Pretoria, he was elected to Pretoria city council in 1951, becoming Mayor of the city two years later. He relinquished his city council seat in 1957, being elected to House of Assembly the following year for Pretoria East. He chose not to run for his seat again in 1961, instead being appointed South African ambassador in London, but returned to parliament in 1964 immediately to be appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16199744", "subject": "Omar Antonio Borboa", "wikipedia_title": "Omar Borboa", "description": "Mexican politician", "summary_extract": "Omar Antonio Borboa Becerra is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16200980", "subject": "Pantingan River massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Pantingan River massacre", "description": "1942 massacre in the Philippines by Japan", "summary_extract": "The Pantingan River massacre was the mass execution of Filipino and American officers and non-commissioned officers prisoners-of-war by members of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Bataan Death March on April 12, 1942, in Bagac, Bataan. Several hundred soldiers from the Philippine Commonwealth Army's 1st, 11th, 71st, and 91st Divisions on the march to the north of Mount Samat where the Pantingan River crosses the Pilar-Bagac Road were taken to the riverside. Most of them were hog tied with telephone wire, shot, bayoneted or beheaded by the Imperial Japanese Army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16234844", "subject": "Jobe Murphy", "wikipedia_title": "Jobe Murphy", "description": "English rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "John Benjamin \"Jobe\" Murphy is a former rugby league footballer who played primarily as a second-row. He played for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and for the Dewsbury Rams. He also represented Ireland at international level.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16253668", "subject": "Battle of Korytsa", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Korçë", "description": "1940 battle of the Greco-Italian War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Korçë was a battle fought during the Greco-Italian War of 1940–41 in the town of Korçë in southern Albania between the defending Italian 9th Army and the attacking Greek III Army Corps. The town had been made the main base of operations for the Italian Air Force.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1626838", "subject": "Juliabkommen", "wikipedia_title": "Juliabkommen", "description": "agreement between Nazi Germany and Austria", "summary_extract": "\n\n\nThe Juliabkommen was an agreement—officially, a gentleman's agreement—between the Federal State of Austria and Nazi Germany signed on 11 July 1936. The agreement was not initially published. It was negotiated by the German ambassador, Franz von Papen, and the Austrian chancellor, Kurt von Schuschnigg.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["treaties"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1633598", "subject": "Alick Buchanan-Smith", "wikipedia_title": "Alick Buchanan-Smith (politician)", "description": "British politician (1932-1991)", "summary_extract": "Alick Laidlaw Buchanan-Smith was a Scottish Conservative and Unionist politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16513038", "subject": "Richard H. Fallon, Jr.", "wikipedia_title": "Richard H. Fallon Jr.", "description": "American legal scholar (1952-2025)", "summary_extract": "Richard Henry Fallon Jr. was an American legal scholar and the Joseph Story Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. Born in Maine and a two-time graduate of Yale, Fallon went on to earn a Rhodes Scholarship and clerk at the United States Supreme Court before he became a prolific scholar of constitutional law and federal courts, teaching and writing on those subjects at Harvard from 1982 until he died in 2025.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q16595142", "subject": "Clara Henry", "wikipedia_title": "Clara Henry", "description": "Swedish blogger, comedian, television presenter, and author", "summary_extract": "Clara Susanna Henry is a Swedish actress, blogger, comedian, television presenter and author. She has approximately 372,000 subscribers on her YouTube channel and hosts her own talk show on Swedish TV station Kanal 5. She has also been a backstage reporter at two editions of the national-level music competition Melodifestivalen, produced by the broadcasting company SVT.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1994, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q16647239", "subject": "Bangkok Airways Flight 125", "wikipedia_title": "Bangkok Airways Flight 125", "description": "1990 aviation accident", "summary_extract": "Bangkok Airways Flight 125 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Bangkok to Koh Samui, Thailand. On 21 November 1990, the de Havilland Canada Dash 8-100 operating the flight was on approach to Samui Airport in bad weather when the pilots decided to go around after not seeing the runway. With little to no visual reference, the pilots suffered spatial disorientation amidst a left turn, stalled, and crashed into a coconut and mango grove five kilometers southwest of the airport. All 33 passengers and five crew members were killed. Flight 125 is Bangkok Airways' first fatal accident.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q1673905", "subject": "Ishwari Prasad", "wikipedia_title": "Ishwari Prasad", "description": "Indian historian (1888–1986)", "summary_extract": "Iswari Prasad Upadhyaya (1888–1986) was an Indian historian. He was an alumnus of Aligarh Muslim University, and first graduate of the university. He dealt mainly with the Muslim rulers and governments of India, especially with the Mughal and Tughluq dynasties. He did extensive work on rulers such as Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Sultan of Delhi, Humayun, and Aurangzeb.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q1680620", "subject": "James J. Howard", "wikipedia_title": "James J. Howard", "description": "American politician (1927–1988)", "summary_extract": "James John Howard was an American educator and Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1965 until his death from a heart attack in Washington, D.C. in 1988.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16820977", "subject": "2007 1000 Guineas", "wikipedia_title": "2007 1000 Guineas", "description": "2007 horserace at Newmarket Racecourse, Suffolk, England", "summary_extract": "The 2007 1000 Guineas Stakes was a horse race held at Newmarket Racecourse on Sunday 6 May 2007. It was the 194th running of the 1000 Guineas.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2007, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16826447", "subject": "1993 Cherbourg incident", "wikipedia_title": "1993 Cherbourg incident", "description": "series of maritime incidents between the British Royal Navy and French fishermen", "summary_extract": "The 1993 Cherbourg incident were a series of maritime incidents which took place from 26 March to 2 April 1993 between the British Royal Navy and French fishermen as a result of a fishing rights dispute in and around the Channel Islands waters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["conflict", "international_relations"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16827524", "subject": "2009 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "2009 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes", "description": "Baltimore Race 2009", "summary_extract": "The 2009 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 85th running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 15, 2009, and was televised in the United States on the Bravo TV network owned by NBC. Ridden by jockey Terry Thompson, Payton d'Oro, won the race by one and one quarter lengths over runner-up Bon Jovi Girl. Approximate post time on the evening before the Preakness Stakes was 5:50 p.m. Eastern Time and the race was run for a purse of $150,000. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:49.75. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 23,819.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q16831974", "subject": "Irina Scherbakova", "wikipedia_title": "Irina Scherbakowa", "description": "Russian historian of modern age and author", "summary_extract": "Irina Lazarevna Scherbakowa (Sherbakova) (Russian: Ирина Лазаревна Щербакова, born 1949) is a Russian historian of the modern age, an author and a founding member of Memorial. She was awarded the Carl von Ossietsky Prize for Contemporary History and Politics in 2014, and the Goethe Medal in 2017. She has been studying Russia's modern history since the 1970s. Memorial was designated a \"foreign agent\" by Russia in 2016. In 2022 Memorial was co-awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q16838052", "subject": "1980 Scottish Cup Final", "wikipedia_title": "1980 Scottish Cup final", "description": "final match of the 1979-1980 Scottish Cup", "summary_extract": "The 1980 Scottish Cup Final was played on 10 May 1980 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 95th Scottish Cup competition. Old Firm rivals Celtic and Rangers contested the match, which Celtic won 1–0 after extra time when George McCluskey scored the winning goal off a corner. Rioting after the end of the match, involving both sets of supporters, resulted in the sale of alcohol being banned at sporting events in Scotland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16849014", "subject": "1978 Italian regional elections", "wikipedia_title": "1978 Italian regional elections", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Regional elections were held in some regions of Italy during 1978. These included:Aosta Valley on 25 June\nFriuli-Venezia Giulia on 25 June\nTrentino-Alto Adige on 19 November", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1686580", "subject": "Juvénal Uwilingiyimana", "wikipedia_title": "Juvénal Uwilingiyimana", "description": "Rwandan politician", "summary_extract": "Juvénal Uwilingiyimana (1951–2005) was a Rwandan politician. He held office as Commerce Minister and as the head of national parks. He was an ethnic Hutu and originated in Gisenyi prefecture. In 1989, he was appointed the Minister for Trade in the MRND government of Juvénal Habyarimana. In 1994 he became the director of national tourism in the provisional government following Habyarimana's assassination.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1687078", "subject": "Operation Earnest Will", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Earnest Will", "description": "American military protection of Kuwaiti-owned tankers from Iranian attacks in 1987 and 1988", "summary_extract": "Operation Earnest Will was an American military protection of Kuwaiti-owned tankers from Iranian attacks in 1987 and 1988, three years into the Tanker War phase of the Iran–Iraq War. It was the largest naval convoy operation since World War II, and flowed from Resolution 598 which had been adopted three days earlier.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["conflict", "the_united_states"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16889272", "subject": "1931 Stroud by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1931 Stroud by-election", "description": "UK Parliamentary by-election", "summary_extract": "\n\nThe 1931 Stroud by-election was held on 21 May 1931. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Frank Nelson. It was won by the Conservative candidate Walter Perkins.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16895776", "subject": "New Castle Correctional Facility", "wikipedia_title": "New Castle Correctional Facility", "description": "prison in New Castle, Indiana", "summary_extract": "New Castle Correctional Facility is a privately run prison located in New Castle, Indiana, United States. It opened in 2002. In September 2005, the state signed a contract with the for-profit GEO Group, Inc. of Boca Raton, Florida, to run the prison. The facility is rated as minimum- to medium-security, but also has a maximum-security psychiatric unit and annex. It is currently the second-largest prison in Indiana, and can hold approximately 3,270 inmates.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16923214", "subject": "Dominic Lee Tsz-king", "wikipedia_title": "Dominic Lee", "description": "Hong Kong politician", "summary_extract": "Dominic Lee Tsz-king  is a Hong Kong politician. He is a member of the New People's Party and a Legislative Council Member representing the New Territories North East. He is a former member of the Sham Shui Po District Council for Yau Yat Tsuen from 2015 to 2019 and the former chairman of the Liberal Party Youth Committee.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16935265", "subject": "2004 Nigerien general election", "wikipedia_title": "2004 Nigerien general election", "description": "general election in Niger", "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Niger in 2004; the first round of the presidential elections was held on 16 November, with a run-off held alongside National Assembly elections on 4 December. The presidential elections were won by Mamadou Tandja of the National Movement for the Society of Development (MNSD). The MNSD also emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 47 of the 113 seats.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2004, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16948845", "subject": "Bergur Løkke Rasmussen", "wikipedia_title": "Bergur Løkke Rasmussen", "description": "Danish politician", "summary_extract": "Bergur Løkke Rasmussen is a Danish politician who serves as a member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Moderates, the centrist political party he switched to in March 2023, away from the centre-right Venstre. He is the son of former Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Lars Løkke Rasmussen.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16949733", "subject": "1938 Aylesbury by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1938 Aylesbury by-election", "description": "UK by-election", "summary_extract": "The 1938 Aylesbury by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Aylesbury on 19 May 1938.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16951988", "subject": "2006 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "2006 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes", "description": "Horse race held at Pimlico Race Course", "summary_extract": "The 2006 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 82nd running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 19, 2006, and was televised in the United States on the Bravo TV network owned by NBC. Ridden by jockey Ramon Dominguez, Regal Engagement, lost the race by two lengths to runner-up Smart N Pretty after being interfered with. Smart N Pretty was taken down and the race was awarded to Regal Engagement. Approximate post time on the evening before the Preakness Stakes was 5:14 p.m. Eastern Time and the race was run for a purse of $250,000. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:50.11. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 24,554. The attendance at Pimlico Race Course that day was a record crowd for Black-Eyed Susan Stakes Day.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q16953015", "subject": "1999 Bournemouth Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1999 Bournemouth Borough Council election", "description": "1999 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "\n\nElections to Bournemouth Borough Council on the south coast of England were held on 6 May 1999. The whole council was up for election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1999, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16953462", "subject": "2012 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "2012 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes", "description": "horse race held at Pimlico Race Course", "summary_extract": "The 2012 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 88th running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 18, 2012, and was televised in the United States on the NBC Sports Network. Ridden by jockey John R. Velazquez, In Lingerie won the race by one and one quarter lengths over runner-up Disposablepleasure. Approximate post time on the Friday evening before the Preakness Stakes was 4:46 p.m. Eastern Time and the race was run for a purse of $300,000. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:52.07. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 32,473. The attendance at Pimlico Race Course that day was a record crowd for Black-Eyed Susan Stakes Day.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q16953961", "subject": "British Military Administration of Borneo", "wikipedia_title": "British Military Administration (Borneo)", "description": "Interim administrator of British Borneo, 1945–1946", "summary_extract": "The British Military Administration (BMA) was the interim administrator of British Borneo between the end of the Second World War and the establishment of the Crown colonies of Sarawak and North Borneo in 1946. Specifically, the entity lasted from 12 September 1945 to 1 July 1946. Labuan became the headquarters of BMA. The headquarters was mostly managed by the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). The area under this administration today comprises Labuan, Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei. Sarawak was administered by Australians under British Borneo Civil Affairs Unit (BBCAU).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q16976305", "subject": "1956 Jordanian general election", "wikipedia_title": "1956 Jordanian general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Jordan on 21 October 1956. The National Socialist Party emerged as the largest party, with 12 seats.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16992975", "subject": "2013 Gloucestershire County Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2013 Gloucestershire County Council election", "description": "2013 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "Elections to Gloucestershire County Council took place on 2 May 2013 as part of the 2013 United Kingdom local elections. 53 electoral divisions elected one county councillor each by first-past-the-post voting for a four-year term of office. No elections were held in South Gloucestershire, which is a unitary authority outside the area covered by the County Council.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2013, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q16995145", "subject": "1969 Islington North by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1969 Islington North by-election", "description": "UK by-election", "summary_extract": "\nThe 1969 Islington North by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 30 October 1969 for the UK House of Commons constituency of Islington North in Islington, north London.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1700698", "subject": "John Kerin", "wikipedia_title": "John Kerin", "description": "Australian politician (1937–2023)", "summary_extract": "John Charles Kerin was an Australian economist and Labor Party politician who served in the House of Representatives from 1972 to 1975 and again from 1978 to 1993. He held a number of senior ministerial roles in both the Hawke and Keating governments, including six months as Treasurer of Australia and eight years as Minister for Primary Industries and Energy, holding the latter role for the longest period in Australian history.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q170314", "subject": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "wikipedia_title": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "description": "Japanese invasion of China (1937–1945)", "summary_extract": "The Second Sino-Japanese War, known in China as the War of Resistance Against Japan, was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan and its puppet states between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is often regarded as the beginning of World War II in Asia, as the wars became heavily intertwined after Japanese attacks United States. It was the largest Asian war in the 20th century.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q17051530", "subject": "1987 Indonesian legislative election", "wikipedia_title": "1987 Indonesian legislative election", "description": "5th legislative election in Indonesia", "summary_extract": "Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 23 April 1987, to elect 400 of the 500 members of the People's Representative Council (DPR), the national legislature. The election was the fifth legislative election in the country since independence and the fourth legislative election under President Suharto's New Order. The election resulted in an outright majority for Golkar, which retained its status as the ruling party of the country.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["election", "indonesia"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "regional_history"]}
{"qid": "Q17053577", "subject": "1972 Gird by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1972 Gird by-election", "description": "state assembly by-election in Madhya Pradesh, India", "summary_extract": "In June 1972 a by-election was held in for the Gird seat of the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The by-election was called after the resignation of the sitting MLA Vijaya Raje Scindia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q17101056", "subject": "1984 United States presidential election in Texas", "wikipedia_title": "1984 United States presidential election in Texas", "description": "election in Texas", "summary_extract": "The 1984 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 6, 1984. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1984 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 29 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1710143", "subject": "Operation Soltan 10", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Sultan 10", "description": "1980 Operación Sultan 10", "summary_extract": "Operation Sultan 10 was an operation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) on 29 October 1980, at the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War. Six F-4E Phantom IIs from the IRIAF's 32nd and 33rd Squadrons took part in an attack on the Al-Hurriah Airbase near Mosul in Ba'athist Iraq.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["aviation", "battle"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q17108043", "subject": "Pacific Northwest Lumber Strike", "wikipedia_title": "1935 Pacific Northwest lumber strike", "description": "lumber strike organized by the Northwest Council of Sawmill and Timber Workers' Union in 1935", "summary_extract": "The 1935 Pacific Northwest lumber strike was an industry-wide labor strike organized by the Northwest Council of Sawmill and Timber Workers' Union (STWU). The strike lasted for more than three and a half months and paralyzed much of the lumber industry in Northern California, Oregon and Washington state. Although the striking workers only achieved part of their demands, the repercussions of the long and often violent strike were felt for decades. Over the next several years, a newly radicalized and militant generation of lumber workers would go on to spark several more industry-wide strikes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1713180", "subject": "Julya Rabinowich", "wikipedia_title": "Julya Rabinowich", "description": "Austrian author", "summary_extract": "Julya Rabinowich (Russian: Юля Борисовна Рабинович; born 1970 in Leningrad, is an Austrian author, playwright, painter and translator. In 1977 her family emigrated to Vienna, a move in which she describes herself as having been “uprooted and re-potted.”", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q17148159", "subject": "Spyros Makridakis", "wikipedia_title": "Spyros Makridakis", "description": "Greek-American sailor and futurologist", "summary_extract": "Spyros Makridakis is a professor at the University of Nicosia where he is the Director of the Institute for the Future (IFF) and an Emeritus Professor of Decision Sciences at INSEAD as well as the University of Piraeus and one of the world's leading experts on forecasting, with many journal articles and books on the subject. He is famous as the organizer of the Makridakis Competitions, known in the forecasting literature as the M-Competitions.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q17180679", "subject": "Robert Jenrick", "wikipedia_title": "Robert Jenrick", "description": "British politician (born 1982)", "summary_extract": "Robert Edward Jenrick is a British politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Newark since the 2014 by-election. Elected as a member of the Conservative Party, he joined Reform UK in January 2026.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1729573", "subject": "Karin Strenz", "wikipedia_title": "Karin Strenz", "description": "German politician (1967-2021)", "summary_extract": "Karin Strenz was a German politician who represented the CDU. Strenz served as a member of the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern between 2009 and 2021.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q17338445", "subject": "2014 Lamu attacks", "wikipedia_title": "July 2014 Kenya attacks", "description": "fatal attacks in the Kenyan villages of Hindi in Lamu County and Gamba in Tana River County", "summary_extract": "On the night of 5–6 July 2014, heavily armed men attacked the Kenyan villages of Hindi in Lamu County and Gamba in Tana River County. At least 29 people were killed in the attacks.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q17386383", "subject": "Yordan Milanov", "wikipedia_title": "Yordan Milanov (general)", "description": "Major General of the Bulgarian Air Force", "summary_extract": "Major general Yordan Sergiev Milanov was a major general of the Bulgarian Air Force. He was a recognized author, Bulgarian Aviation and Aerospace Doctor of Science, and a Bulgarian Air Force pilot. With over 60 publications regarding Air- and Space- Force history, tactics, and geopolitical issues, Maj. Gen. Milanov was one of Bulgaria's most prolific 20th century military aviation leaders. Maj. Gen. Milanov died of natural causes in the early morning hours of June 27, 2020, in his home in Sofia, Bulgaria.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1739660", "subject": "Kerstin Griese", "wikipedia_title": "Kerstin Griese", "description": "German politician", "summary_extract": "Kerstin Griese is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2000.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1740296", "subject": "K. R. Malkani", "wikipedia_title": "K. R. Malkani", "description": "Indian politician (1921-2003)", "summary_extract": "Kewalram Ratanmal Malkani was a journalist, historian and politician associated with the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Vice-President of the Bharatiya Janata Party from 1991 to 1994. He was Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2000 and served as Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry from July 2002 till his death in October 2003. He is the only person to have been chief editor of both Organiser and Panchjanya.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["author", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing", "politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1743205", "subject": "Norman A. Erbe", "wikipedia_title": "Norman A. Erbe", "description": "American politician (1919-2000)", "summary_extract": "Norman Arthur Erbe was an American attorney and politician who served as the 35th governor of Iowa, holding the position from 1961 to 1963.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q17462908", "subject": "2014 Kaohsiung gas explosion", "wikipedia_title": "2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions", "description": "gas explosion in Kaohsiung in 2014", "summary_extract": "On 31 July 2014, a series of gas explosions occurred in the Cianjhen and Lingya districts of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, following reports of gas leaks earlier that night. Thirty-two people were killed and 321 people were injured.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["explosion"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q17497092", "subject": "Julien Uyttendaele", "wikipedia_title": "Julien Uyttendaele", "description": "Belgian politician", "summary_extract": "Julien Uyttendaele is a Belgian politician. From 2019 to 2024, he was a member of the Senate. From 2014 to 2024, he was a member of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q17507684", "subject": "War against the Islamic State", "wikipedia_title": "War against the Islamic State", "description": "military actions against the Islamic State", "summary_extract": "Many states began to intervene against the Islamic State (IS), in both the Syrian civil war and the War in Iraq (2013–2017), in response to its rapid territorial gains from its 2014 invasion of Iraq, widely condemned executions, human rights abuses and the fear of further spillovers of the Syrian civil war. In later years, there were also minor interventions by some states against IS-affiliated groups in Nigeria and Libya. All these efforts significantly degraded the Islamic State's capabilities by around 2019–2020. While moderate fighting continues in Syria, as of 2026, IS has been contained to a small area and force capability.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q17512094", "subject": "1997 Bristol City Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1997 Bristol City Council election", "description": "1997 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "Elections to Bristol City Council were held on 1 May 1997.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1997, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q17512213", "subject": "1948 Montana gubernatorial election", "wikipedia_title": "1948 Montana gubernatorial election", "description": "Election for Governor of Montana", "summary_extract": "The 1948 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1948. Incumbent Governor of Montana Sam C. Ford, who was first elected Governor in 1940 and was re-elected in 1944, ran for re-election. He won the Republican primary and advanced to the general election, where he faced John W. Bonner, the former Attorney General of Montana and the Democratic nominee. Ultimately, Bonner defeated Ford handily in his bid for re-election, winning his first and only term as governor.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1764708", "subject": "André Hahn", "wikipedia_title": "André Hahn (politician)", "description": "German politician", "summary_extract": "André Hahn is a German politician. Born in Berlin-Friedrichshain, he represents The Left. André Hahn has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Saxony since 2013.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1769339", "subject": "Project K", "wikipedia_title": "Soviet Project K nuclear tests", "description": "1961–1962 series of Soviet weaponry tests", "summary_extract": "The Soviet Union's K project nuclear test series was a group of five nuclear tests conducted in 1961–1962. These tests followed the 1961 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1962 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1770312", "subject": "Tom O'Higgins", "wikipedia_title": "Tom O'Higgins", "description": "Irish Fine Gael politician, barrister and judge (1916-2003)", "summary_extract": "Thomas Francis O'Higgins was an Irish Fine Gael politician, barrister and judge who served as Chief Justice of Ireland and a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1974 to 1985, a Judge of the European Court of Justice from 1985 to 1991, a Judge of the High Court from 1973 to 1974, Deputy leader of Fine Gael from 1972 to 1977 and Minister for Health from 1954 to 1957. He also served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1948 to 1969.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1778229", "subject": "United Nations Operation in Somalia II", "wikipedia_title": "United Nations Operation in Somalia II", "description": "second phase of UN Intervention in Somalia after civil war erupted in 1991", "summary_extract": "The United Nations Operation in Somalia II was the second phase of the United Nations intervention in Somalia and took place from March 1993 until March 1995, following the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991. UNOSOM II carried on from the transitory United States-controlled (UN-sanctioned) Unified Task Force (UNITAF), which had been preceded by UNOSOM I. Notably, UNOSOM II embarked on a nation-building mission, diverging from its predecessors. As delineated in UNSCR 814, the operation's objectives were to aid in relief provision and economic rehabilitation, foster political reconciliation, and re-establish political and civil administrations across Somalia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18001626", "subject": "Minsk Protocol", "wikipedia_title": "Minsk Protocol", "description": "peace treaty", "summary_extract": "The Minsk agreements were a series of international agreements which sought to end the Donbas War fought between armed Russian separatist groups, backed by Russian regular forces, and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. By August 2014, Ukraine had re-taken most of the territory seized by separatists. Russia then covertly invaded the Donbas to support the separatists, inflicting a heavy defeat on the Ukrainians at Ilovaisk. Peace talks were held in Minsk, Belarus. The talks involved the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine, consisting of representatives of Ukraine, Russia, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), with mediation by the leaders of France and Germany in the so-called Normandy Format. In September 2014, the first Minsk Protocol, or Minsk I, was signed by representatives of the Trilateral Contact Group and, without recognition of their status, by the then-leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR).", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["peace_conference"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q18111", "subject": "Li Keqiang", "wikipedia_title": "Li Keqiang", "description": "Premier of the People's Republic of China from 2013 to 2023", "summary_extract": "Li Keqiang was a Chinese politician and economist who served as Premier of China from 2013 to 2023 and was the second-ranking member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s Politburo Standing Committee from 2012 to 2022.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q1814745", "subject": "Eelam War I", "wikipedia_title": "Eelam War I", "description": "initial phase of the armed conflict between the government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE", "summary_extract": "Eelam War I is the name given to the initial phase of the armed conflict between the government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18165788", "subject": "Albert McAndrew", "wikipedia_title": "Albert McAndrew", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Albert Walker McAndrew (1920–2009) was an Australian rugby league player who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He was a state representative half-back who won the 1941 premiership with St George.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q18226345", "subject": "Rudolf Marszałek", "wikipedia_title": "Rudolf Marszałek", "description": "Military chaplain, Roman Catholic priest", "summary_extract": "Rudolf Marszałek SChr was a Polish priest of the Roman Catholic Church and a member of the Society of Christ. He served a chaplain during World War II, serving in the Home Army and National Armed Forces. As a member of the military arm of the Polish Underground State, he was arrested in December 1946 by the Ministry of Public Security. After spending a year in Mokotów Prison, he was sentenced to death on January 17, 1948, and executed on March 10, 1948.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18237557", "subject": "1957 Romanian Ilyushin Il-14 crash", "wikipedia_title": "1957 Romanian Ilyushin Il-14 crash", "description": "1957 aviation accident", "summary_extract": "On 4 November 1957, an Ilyushin Il-14 operated by the Romanian government crashed on approach to Vnukovo International Airport. Of the 16 people on board, four were killed, including Grigore Preoteasa, the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cause was determined to be pilot error.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q183541", "subject": "Dudley Marjoribanks, 3rd Baron Tweedmouth", "wikipedia_title": "Dudley Marjoribanks, 3rd Baron Tweedmouth", "description": "British peer (1874-1935)", "summary_extract": "Lieutenant-Colonel Dudley Churchill Marjoribanks, 3rd Baron Tweedmouth, CMG, MVO, DSO was a British army officer and courtier.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q18354741", "subject": "Sanjaya Rajaram", "wikipedia_title": "Sanjaya Rajaram", "description": "Indian-born Mexican scientist", "summary_extract": "Dr. Sanjaya Rajaram was an Indian-born Mexican scientist and winner of the 2014 World Food Prize. He was awarded this prize for his scientific research in developing 480 wheat varieties that have been released in 51 countries. This innovation has led to an increase in world wheat production – by more than 200 million tons – building upon the successes of the Green Revolution. The Government of India awarded him India's fourth- and third-highest civilian awards Padma Shri (2001) and Padma Bhushan (2022).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q18380506", "subject": "2014 Burkinabé uprising", "wikipedia_title": "2014 Burkina Faso uprising", "description": "series of demonstrations and riots in Burkina Faso", "summary_extract": "The 2014 Burkina Faso uprising was a series of demonstrations and riots in Burkina Faso in October 2014 that quickly spread to multiple cities. They began in response to attempts at changing the constitution to allow President Blaise Compaoré to run again and extend his 27 years in office. Pressure for political change came from civil society and in particular from the country's youth. Following a tumultuous day on 30 October, which included the involvement of former Defence Minister Kouamé Lougué and the burning of the National Assembly and other government buildings as well as the ruling Congress for Democracy and Progress party's headquarters, Compaoré dissolved the government and declared a state of emergency before eventually fleeing to Côte d'Ivoire with the support of Ivorian President Alassane Ouattara.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["conflict", "coup", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18528223", "subject": "Edward Knollys", "wikipedia_title": "Edward Knollys, 2nd Viscount Knollys", "description": "English businessman and public servant (1895-1966)", "summary_extract": "Edward George William Tyrwhitt Knollys, 2nd Viscount Knollys, GCMG, MBE, DFC was a British peer, public servant, and businessman. He was Governor of Bermuda from 1941 to 1943.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18639132", "subject": "Siege of Bjelovar Barracks", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Bjelovar Barracks", "description": "1991 siege of the battle of the Barracks", "summary_extract": "The siege of Bjelovar Barracks, also known by the codename Operation Bilogora, was the blockade and capture of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) barracks and other facilities in and around the city of Bjelovar, a part of the JNA 32nd (Varaždin) Corps, during the Croatian War of Independence. A general blockade of the JNA facilities in Croatia was ordered on 14 September 1991, and it continued until 29 September when the JNA garrison was captured by Croatian forces. Its capture occurred one week after the bulk of the 32nd Corps surrendered. It was part of the Battle of the Barracks—an effort by Croatian armed forces to isolate JNA units based at barracks in Croatia, or capture the barracks to provide arms for Croatia's nascent army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18639159", "subject": "Noel Newman Lombard Craig", "wikipedia_title": "Noel Newman Lombard Craig", "description": "English First World War officer", "summary_extract": "Noel Newman Lombard Craig (1884–1968) was an Irish soldier who served in the First World War. He was decorated on several occasions including Distinguished Service Order, Legion of Honour, Order of the British Empire and the Sword of Honour.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18651827", "subject": "Battle of Baotou", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Baotou", "description": "1939 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Baotou was fought from 17 to 24 December 1939 in Suiyuan Province, Republic of China as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Taking place in the Eighth War Area in Northern China, the engagement was part of the wider 1939–1940 Winter Offensive by the National Revolutionary Army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["battle", "china"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q186525", "subject": "Julius Nyerere", "wikipedia_title": "Julius Nyerere", "description": "Tanzanian politician and writer, first Prime Minister and President of Tanzania (1922–1999)", "summary_extract": "Julius Kambarage Nyerere was a Tanzanian politician, anti-colonial activist, revolutionary and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika as prime minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as president from 1962 to 1964, after which he led its successor state, Tanzania, as president from 1964 to 1985. He was a founding member and chair of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party and of its successor, Chama Cha Mapinduzi, from 1954 to 1990. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he promoted a political philosophy known as Ujamaa.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1871907", "subject": "Louis Pasquet", "wikipedia_title": "Louis Pasquet", "description": "French politician (1867-1931)", "summary_extract": "Louis Pasquet was a French politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1877224", "subject": "Lulzim Basha", "wikipedia_title": "Lulzim Basha", "description": "Albanian politician", "summary_extract": "Lulzim Basha ; born 12 June 1974) is an Albanian politician and lawyer who served as chairman of the Democratic Party of Albania and as the Leader of the Opposition from 2013 to 2022. He is the founder and leader of the political party Euroatlantic Democrats.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1974, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1878757", "subject": "Lyn Christie", "wikipedia_title": "Lyn Christie", "description": "Australian musician (1928–2020)", "summary_extract": "Lyndon Van Christie was an Australian-born American-based jazz bassist. He earned a medical degree from Otago Medical School, New Zealand, and, while practising as a physician in Sydney from 1961, played in the local jazz scene until he moved to New York City in 1965.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q187983", "subject": "Andrew Frank Schoeppel", "wikipedia_title": "Andrew Frank Schoeppel", "description": "American politician (1894-1962)", "summary_extract": "Andrew Frank Schoeppel was an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. He was the 29th governor of Kansas from 1943 to 1947 and a U.S. senator from 1949 until his death. He was born in 1894 in Claflin, Kansas, and died in 1962 of abdominal cancer at the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, Maryland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q188925", "subject": "Battles of Khalkhin Gol", "wikipedia_title": "Battles of Khalkhin Gol", "description": "1939 Soviet–Japanese battle in Mongolia", "summary_extract": "The Battles of Khalkhin Gol, known in Japan as the Nomonhan Incident  after Nomonhan Burd Obo, were the decisive engagements of the undeclared Soviet–Japanese border conflicts which involved the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan, and Manchukuo in 1939. The conflict is named after the river Khalkhin Gol, which passes through the battlefield. The Soviet offensive, led by general Georgy Zhukov, utilized airplanes, tanks, and infantry in a simultaneous three-pronged offensive, the first of its kind in modern warfare. Similar tactics were later used during Operation Uranus at the Battle of Stalingrad.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q18912063", "subject": "George Charles Williamson", "wikipedia_title": "G. C. Williamson", "description": "British author and art historian", "summary_extract": "George Charles Williamson (1858–1942) was a British art historian, antiquarian, and author of numerous books on European art and artists. He sometimes wrote under the pen name Rowley Cleeve.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q189212", "subject": "Aboriginal Tent Embassy", "wikipedia_title": "Aboriginal Tent Embassy", "description": "permanent protest occupation in Canberra representing the rights of Aboriginal Australians", "summary_extract": "The Aboriginal Tent Embassy is a permanent protest occupation site as a focus for representing the political rights of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people. Established on 26 January 1972, it is the longest continuous protest for Indigenous land rights in the world.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1907402", "subject": "Karantina massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Karantina massacre", "description": "Massacre during the Lebanese Civil War", "summary_extract": "The Karantina massacre took place on 18 January 1976, early in the Lebanese Civil War. La Quarantine, known in Arabic as \"Karantina\", was a Muslim-inhabited district in mostly Christian East Beirut controlled by forces of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), and inhabited by Palestinians, Kurds, Armenians, Syrians, and Lebanese Muslims. The fighting and subsequent killings also involved an old Quarantine area near the port and nearby \"Maslakh\" quarter.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1976, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q192055", "subject": "Nanjing Massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Nanjing Massacre", "description": "1937 mass murder by the Japanese army", "summary_extract": "The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing was the mass rape and murder, between December 1937 and March 1938, of Chinese civilians, noncombatants, and prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China. It took place immediately after the Battle of Nanjing and retreat of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q19605087", "subject": "Sint Eustatius status referendum, 2014", "wikipedia_title": "2014 Sint Eustatius status referendum", "description": "Dutch referendum", "summary_extract": "A status referendum was held in Sint Eustatius on 17 December 2014. Sint Eustatius had become a Dutch public body upon the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, despite this not being the status voted for, and so the 2014 referendum was supported as a way to resolve this. Although a majority of those voting opted for increased autonomy within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, voter turnout was well below the 60% required for the referendum to be binding.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1970005", "subject": "Battle of Keren", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Keren", "description": "1941 battle in Africa", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Keren took place from 3 February to 27 March 1941. Keren was attacked by the British during the East African Campaign of the Second World War. A force of Italian regular and colonial troops defended the position against troops mostly from Sudan and British India and Free French forces. The town of Keren, in the colony of Italian East Africa, was of tactical importance to both sides. The road and railway through Keren were the main routes to the colonial capital of Italian Eritrea at Asmara and the Red Sea port of Massawa, which surrendered to the British after the battle.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["conflict", "italy"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q1974591", "subject": "Osman Sebrî", "wikipedia_title": "Osman Sabri", "description": "Turkish writer of Kurdish ancestry (1905–1993)", "summary_extract": "Osman Sabri or Osman Sebrî (1905–1993) was a Kurdish poet, writer and journalist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q19834500", "subject": "Aminu Bashir Wali", "wikipedia_title": "Aminu Bashir Wali", "description": "Nigerian politician and diplomat", "summary_extract": "Aminu Bashir Wali was Nigeria's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2014 to 2015.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q1985760", "subject": "Ziya Bunyadov", "wikipedia_title": "Ziya Bunyadov", "description": "Azerbaijani historian (1921-1997)", "summary_extract": "Ziya Musa oglu Bunyadov was an Azerbaijani historian, academician, and Vice-President of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. As a historian, he also headed the Institute of History of the Azerbaijani Academy of Sciences for many years. Bunyadov was a World War II veteran and Hero of the Soviet Union, which was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1997, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q19865777", "subject": "Toby Barker", "wikipedia_title": "Toby Barker", "description": "American politician", "summary_extract": "Toby Barker is an American politician and the current Mayor of Hattiesburg, Mississippi. In 2007, he was elected a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 102nd District. At the age of 25, Barker became the then-youngest legislator elected in Mississippi's history. He is a former member of the Republican Party. In 2017, Barker ran as an independent and defeated four-term incumbent Johnny DuPree to become Hattiesburg's 35th mayor.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q19869998", "subject": "1982 Waltham Forest London Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1982 Waltham Forest London Borough Council election", "description": "1982 local election in England, UK", "summary_extract": "\n\n\nThe 1982 Waltham Forest Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Waltham Forest London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election, and the Labour Party lost overall control of the council to no overall control.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q19891941", "subject": "Insurgency in Manipur", "wikipedia_title": "Insurgency in Manipur", "description": "ongoing armed conflict between India and multiple separatist rebel groups", "summary_extract": "The Insurgency in Manipur is an ongoing armed conflict between India and several separatist rebel groups, taking place in the state of Manipur. The Insurgency in Manipur is part of the wider Insurgency in Northeast India; it displays elements of a national liberation war as well as an ethnic conflict.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q19960354", "subject": "fights on the Ukrainian-Russian border (2014)", "wikipedia_title": "Fights on the Ukrainian–Russian border (2014)", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Fights on the Ukrainian–Russian border in 2014, also called the Operation to restore the state border, the Battle at the border, the Battle in sector D, the Izvarinsky Encirclement, and the Dovzhansky Encirclement, was a phase of the war in Donbas in which the Armed Forces of Ukraine fought Russian-backed separatist forces over control of areas of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q19977122", "subject": "Per Olsson Fridh", "wikipedia_title": "Per Olsson Fridh", "description": "Swedish politician", "summary_extract": "Per Olsson Fridh is a Swedish politician for the Green Party. He served as Minister for International Development Cooperation from February to November 2021.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q20011724", "subject": "Bill Etches", "wikipedia_title": "Bill Etches", "description": "British Army officer", "summary_extract": "Colonel William Whitson Etches, was a senior British Army officer. After having attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and after being commissioned into the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in December 1939, he served with the commandos during the Second World War, taking part in the raid on St Nazaire for which he won the Military Cross and was taken as a prisoner of war.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2015, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20027815", "subject": "1969 Edinburgh Corporation election", "wikipedia_title": "1969 Edinburgh Corporation election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "An Election to the Edinburgh Corporation was held on 6 May 1969, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. Of the councils 69 seats, 23 were up for election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2002928", "subject": "Project Chanology", "wikipedia_title": "Project Chanology", "description": "protest movement against Church of Scientology censorship on the Internet", "summary_extract": "Project Chanology was a protest movement against the practices of the Church of Scientology by members of Anonymous, a leaderless Internet-based group. \"Chanology\" is a portmanteau of \"4chan\" and \"Scientology\". The project was started in response to the Church of Scientology's attempts to remove material from a highly publicized interview with Scientologist Tom Cruise from the Internet in January 2008.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20031564", "subject": "1978 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1978 Kentucky Derby", "description": "104th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1978 Kentucky Derby was the 104th running of the Kentucky Derby. Affirmed, under jockey Steve Cauthen, won the race by 1 1/2 lengths over Alydar. Believe It finished 3rd, 1 1/4 lengths behind Alydar, and 30:1 longshot Darby Creek Road finished 4th. Affirmed won the Triple Crown by defeating Alydar by decreasing margins in the Preakness Stakes and the Belmont Stakes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q2026397", "subject": "Operation Speedy Express", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Speedy Express", "description": "1968–69 American Vietnam War operation", "summary_extract": "Operation Speedy Express was a controversial military operation conducted by the United States Army's 9th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War in the Mekong Delta provinces of Kiến Hòa and Vĩnh Bình from December 1968 to May 1969. The operation, led by Major-General Julian Ewell, was part of counterinsurgency operations by the United States Armed Forces which targeted the Viet Cong (VC). U.S. forces aimed to interdict VC lines of communication and prevent Viet Cong personnel from establishing outposts in the region via the operation. The U.S. claimed the operation was successful in achieving its objectives, although the VC denied this and claimed the operation failed to stop their activities in the region.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2026430", "subject": "Operation Tailwind", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Tailwind", "description": "1970 military operation of the Vietnam War", "summary_extract": "Operation Tailwind was a covert incursion by a small unit of United States Army and allied Montagnard forces into southeastern Laos during the Vietnam War, conducted from 11 to 14 September 1970. Its purpose was to create a diversion for a Royal Lao Army offensive and to exert pressure on the occupation forces of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). A company-sized element of US Army Special Forces and Montagnard commando of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group conducted the operation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20273412", "subject": "Sidney Blatt", "wikipedia_title": "Sidney Blatt", "description": "American psychotherapist", "summary_extract": "Sidney J. Blatt was a professor emeritus of psychiatry and psychology at Yale University's Department of psychiatry. Blatt was a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist, empirical researcher and personality theoretician, who made enormous contributions to the understanding of personality development and psychopathology. His wide-ranging areas of scholarship and expertise included clinical assessment, psychoanalysis, cognitive schemas, mental representation, psychopathology, depression, schizophrenia, and the therapeutic process, as well as the history of art. During a long and productive academic career, Blatt published 16 books and nearly 250 articles and developed several extensively used assessment procedures. Blatt died on May 11, 2014, in Hamden, Conn. He was 85.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q20273426", "subject": "Ronald Bromley", "wikipedia_title": "Ronald Bromley", "description": "British Army officer of the 9th Survey Regiment RA (9 SR)", "summary_extract": "Ronald Arthur Bromley MC was a British Army officer of the 9th Survey Regiment RA who was awarded the Military Cross for his actions in Holland in November 1944 when he reconnoitered a minefield at great personal risk and saved many lives.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2027494", "subject": "1935 Brazilian Communist uprising", "wikipedia_title": "Brazilian communist uprising", "description": "Brazilian military revolt against President Getúlio Vargas", "summary_extract": "The Brazilian communist uprising was a military revolt in Brazil led by Luís Carlos Prestes and leftist low-rank military against Getúlio Vargas's government on behalf of the National Liberation Alliance. It took place in the cities of Natal, Recife, and the capital Rio de Janeiro between 23 and 27 November 1935. The uprising was supported by the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), then called the Communist Party of Brazil, and the Communist International.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["conflicts", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q203202", "subject": "1960 Gambian parliamentary election", "wikipedia_title": "1960 Gambian parliamentary election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Parliamentary elections were held in the Gambia in 1960, following the implementation of a new constitution, which created a House of Representatives. The new legislature had 19 elected seats, twelve seats were elected in the protectorate and seven in the colony. Eight seats were reserved for chiefs. In addition, the Governor-general, the Speaker, the Civil Secretary, the Financial Secretary, the Attorney General and the Commissioner for Local Government and up to three nominated members were also members of the House.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2039487", "subject": "Battle of Afabet", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Afabet", "description": "1988 watershed battle in the Eritrean War of Independence", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Afabet was a three-day battle fought from 17 March through 20 March 1988 in and around the town of Afabet, as part of the Eritrean War of Independence. The battle has been described as being the largest battle in Africa since the Second Battle of El Alamein. It has been described as the most significant battle in terms of military and political consequences since the Ethio-Somali War, alongside the 1989 Battle of Shire of the Ethiopian Civil War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20526846", "subject": "protests of Croatian war veterans in 2014-2015", "wikipedia_title": "2014–2016 Croatian war veterans protest", "description": null, "summary_extract": "2014–2016 Croatian war veterans tent protest was a 555-day war veterans' protest, often dubbed in Croatia as The Tenters. The protests were initially aimed against Ministry of Croatian Veterans deputy Bojan Glavašević and Minister Predrag Matić himself, however the protesters subsequently changed their demands and started demanding the resignation of centre-left Prime Minister Zoran Milanović and then President Ivo Josipović. The protests escalated in May 2015 when a group of protesters breached the riot police cordons in Zagreb Upper Town and barricaded themselves inside St. Mark Church, where they again clashed with the police. At the same time another group of protesters near the central tent blocked the traffic and brought out gas bottles on Savska street which they apparently threatened to blow if the police refused to back off from the church. After both Josipović and Milanović lost the elections in 2014 and 2015, the protests gradually calmed down and in April 2016, with the new minister taking over the Veterans Office, the tent was dismantled, formally ending the protest.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2053317", "subject": "Félix Siby", "wikipedia_title": "Félix Siby", "description": "Gabonese politician (1942–2006)", "summary_extract": "Félix Siby was a Gabonese politician. He was born in Setté Cama, Gabon and died in the capital, Libreville.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2053517", "subject": "1999 Mozambican general election", "wikipedia_title": "1999 Mozambican general election", "description": "Fourth Elections of the Republic of Mozambique", "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Mozambique between 3 and 5 December 1999 to elect a president and the Assembly of the Republic. Incumbent president Joaquim Chissano won a narrow victory against Afonso Dhlakama, whilst Chissano's FRELIMO party won the Assembly elections, taking 133 of the 250 seats. Voter turnout for the elections was around 68–70%.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1999, "domains": ["election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q205698", "subject": "Suvi-Anne Siimes", "wikipedia_title": "Suvi-Anne Siimes", "description": "Finnish politician", "summary_extract": "Sini Maaria Suvi-Anne Siimes is a former chair of the Finnish Left Alliance. She quit the party in 2006 because she did not want to support the party's former taistoists.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q2070265", "subject": "Percy Lee Gassaway", "wikipedia_title": "Percy Lee Gassaway", "description": "American politician (1885–1937)", "summary_extract": "Percy Lee Gassaway was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q20723118", "subject": "Demonstration of 14 July 1953", "wikipedia_title": "Massacre of 14 July 1953 in Paris", "description": "deadly police conflict in Paris, France", "summary_extract": "The massacre of July 14, 1953 in Paris was an event in which the French police intentionally and without warning opened fire, causing 7 deaths and hospitalizing around 60 protesters and police officers. The incident occurred at the end of a parade organized by the French Communist Party (PCF) and the General Confederation of Labour (CGT) to celebrate the \"values of the Republic\" on the occasion of the French national holiday. It is part of the \"massacres in Paris,\" including the massacre on February 6, 1934, the massacre on October 17, 1961, and the massacre at Charonne subway.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2079158", "subject": "Peter Zeindler", "wikipedia_title": "Peter Zeindler", "description": "Swiss writer (1934–2023)", "summary_extract": "Peter Zeindler was a Swiss journalist, crime fiction writer, and playwright. He was born and died in Zürich.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q2079683", "subject": "Perejil Island crisis", "wikipedia_title": "Perejil Island crisis", "description": "2002 Spanish–Moroccan conflict", "summary_extract": "The Perejil Island crisis was a bloodless armed conflict between Spain and Morocco that took place on 11–18 July 2002. The incident took place over the small, uninhabited Perejil Island, when a squad of the Royal Moroccan Navy occupied it. After an exchange of declarations between both countries, the Spanish troops eventually evicted the Moroccan infantry who had relieved their Navy comrades.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20816106", "subject": "Akuila Savu", "wikipedia_title": "Akuila Savu", "description": "Fijian economist", "summary_extract": "Akuila Savu (1944–2014) was a Fijian economist and a native of Daliconi Village, Vanua Balavu in the Lau Province.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q2083072", "subject": "Siege of Tkvarcheli", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Tkvarcheli", "description": "1992–1993 siege during the War in Abkhazia", "summary_extract": "Siege of Tkvarcheli was a military engagement during the 1992–93 War in Abkhazia. The siege was undertaken by the Georgian armed forces and lasted from October 1992 to September 1993, almost the entire duration of the war, but was eventually unsuccessful. It was accompanied by inconclusive fighting in surrounding villages. Russian aid, both humanitarian and military, was critical for the defence of the town which suffered a severe humanitarian crisis during the siege.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2083522", "subject": "Shah Wali Kot Offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Shah Wali Kot Offensive", "description": "2010 military offensive", "summary_extract": "The Shah Wali Kot Offensive was a five-day joint operation during the War in Afghanistan, conducted by Australian special forces and the Afghan National Army with US air support, between 10 and 14 June 2010. The operation took place in the Shah Wali Kot District of Kandahar Province, occurring in preparation for the coalition clearance of the province and resulting in heavy insurgent casualties.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2010, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20857086", "subject": "2015 Thalys train attack", "wikipedia_title": "2015 Thalys train attack", "description": "attempted mass shooting on a Thalys train on 21 August 2015", "summary_extract": "On 21 August 2015, a man opened fire on a Thalys train on its way from Amsterdam to Paris. Four people were injured, including the assailant. French, American and British passengers confronted the attacker and subdued him. For their heroism, they received France's highest decoration, the Legion of Honour. The assailant, later identified as Ayoub El Khazzani, initially claimed to be only a robber, but later confessed that he had wanted to \"kill Americans\" as revenge for bombings in Syria.\n", "earliest_anchor_year": 2015, "domains": ["rail_transport", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2095768", "subject": "Operation Lam Son 719", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Lam Son 719", "description": "1971 Vietnam War military offensive in Laos by the US-backed ARVN", "summary_extract": "Operation Lam Son 719 or 9th Route – Southern Laos Campaign was a limited-objective offensive campaign conducted in the southeastern portion of the Kingdom of Laos. The campaign was carried out by the armed forces of South Vietnam between 8 February and 25 March 1971, during the Vietnam War. The United States provided logistical, aerial and artillery support for the operation, but its ground forces were prohibited by law from entering Laotian territory. The objective of the campaign was the disruption of a possible future offensive by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), whose logistical system within Laos was known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q20962419", "subject": "British Airways Flight 2276", "wikipedia_title": "British Airways Flight 2276", "description": "2015 aircraft fire at Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States", "summary_extract": "British Airways Flight 2276 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Las Vegas, Nevada, to London Gatwick Airport, England. On 8 September 2015, the Boeing 777 operating the flight suffered an uncontained engine failure and fire in the left (#1) GE90 engine during take-off from Las Vegas-McCarran International Airport, prompting an aborted take-off and the evacuation of all passengers and crew. All 170 people on board survived, but 20 occupants were injured.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2015, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q20979151", "subject": "1986 Belfast South by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1986 Belfast South by-election", "description": "UK Parliamentary by-election", "summary_extract": "\n\nThe 1986 Belfast South by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q21005891", "subject": "National Council for Democracy", "wikipedia_title": "National Council for Democracy", "description": "temporary government of Burkina Faso in 2015", "summary_extract": "The National Council for Democracy, led by Chairman-General Gilbert Diendéré, was the ruling cabinet of the military junta of Burkina Faso from 17 to 23 September 2015. It took temporary control of the preceding cabinet led by Interim President Michel Kafando in the 2015 Burkinabé coup d'état.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2015, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q21208435", "subject": "Edgar Augustus Jerome Johnson", "wikipedia_title": "Edgar Augustus Jerome Johnson", "description": "American economist (1900-1972)", "summary_extract": "Edgar Augustus Jerome Johnson (1900–1972) was an American economist and a professor of economic history at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He served as consultant to the Indian National Council of Applied Economic Research, consultant to the American International Development (A.I.D) mission to India, deputy director of the U.S. aid mission to Yugoslavia, economic advisor to the Economic Cooperation Administration mission to Greece, director of the Korean ECA program, and Minister of Commerce, Civil Governor, and chief adviser, successively, for the interim government of Korea. During World War II, he was chief, Economics Branch, Allied Land Forces, Norway, and deputy chief, Supply Control, U.S. forces in Germany. He taught at ten American universities and lectured at over a dozen foreign universities.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q21282058", "subject": "Jarosław Krajewski", "wikipedia_title": "Jarosław Krajewski", "description": "Polish politician and deputy", "summary_extract": "Jarosław Krajewski is a Polish politician. He has been a member of the Sejm since 2024, having previously served from 2015 to 2023. From 2022 to 2023, he was the leader of Law and Justice in Warsaw.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q213809", "subject": "Hermann Rauschning", "wikipedia_title": "Hermann Rauschning", "description": "German politician (1887-1982)", "summary_extract": "Hermann Adolf Reinhold Rauschning was a German politician and author, adherent of the Conservative Revolution movement who briefly joined the Nazi movement before breaking with it. He was the President of the Senate of the Free City of Danzig from 1933 to 1934. In 1934, he renounced Nazi Party membership and in 1936 emigrated from Germany. He eventually settled in the United States and began openly denouncing Nazism. Rauschning is chiefly known for his book Gespräche mit Hitler in which he recalls meetings and conversations with Adolf Hitler.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q214369", "subject": "Leonor, Princess of Asturias", "wikipedia_title": "Leonor, Princess of Asturias", "description": "38th princess of Asturias and heiress to the Spanish throne", "summary_extract": "Leonor, Princess of Asturias\n(Leonor de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz; born 31 October 2005) is the heir presumptive to the Spanish throne. She is the elder daughter of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2145968", "subject": "1969 Curaçao uprising", "wikipedia_title": "1969 Curaçao uprising", "description": "series of riots and protests", "summary_extract": "The 1969 Curaçao uprising was a series of riots on the Caribbean island of Curaçao, then part of the Netherlands Antilles, a semi-independent country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The uprising took place mainly on May 30 but continued into the night of May 31 – June 1 1969. The riots arose from a strike by workers in the oil industry. A protest rally during the strike turned violent, leading to widespread looting and destruction of buildings and vehicles in the central business district of Curaçao's capital, Willemstad.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q21480472", "subject": "Silvina Batakis", "wikipedia_title": "Silvina Batakis", "description": "Argentine politician", "summary_extract": "Silvina Aída Batakis is an Argentine economist and politician. She currently works as the Minister of Habitat and Urban Development of Buenos Aires Province. She was the President of the Banco de la Nación Argentina from 2022 to 2023, she also served as the Minister of Economy for a brief period in 2022. Previously, she served as Secretary of Provinces in the Ministry of the Interior and as economy minister of Buenos Aires Province under Governor Daniel Scioli from 2011 to 2015.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q2150425", "subject": "Richard R. Kenney", "wikipedia_title": "Richard R. Kenney", "description": "American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware", "summary_extract": "Richard Rolland Kenney was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who was a U.S. Senator from Delaware.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2156895", "subject": "Borneo campaign", "wikipedia_title": "Borneo campaign", "description": "1945 last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area during World War II", "summary_extract": "The Borneo campaign or Second Battle of Borneo was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area during World War II to liberate Japanese-held British Borneo and Dutch Borneo. Designated collectively as Operation Oboe, a series of amphibious assaults between 1 May and 21 July 1945 were conducted by the Australian I Corps, under Lieutenant-General Leslie Morshead, against Imperial Japanese forces who had been occupying the island since late 1941 – early 1942. The main Japanese formation on the island was the Thirty-Seventh Army under Lieutenant-General Masao Baba, while the naval garrison was commanded by Vice-Admiral Michiaki Kamada. The Australian ground forces were supported by US and other Allied air and naval forces, with the US providing the bulk of the shipping and logistic support necessary to conduct the operation. The campaign was initially planned to involve six stages, but eventually landings were undertaken at four locations: Tarakan, Labuan, North Borneo and Balikpapan. Guerrilla operations were also carried out by Dayak tribesmen and small numbers of Allied personnel in the interior of the island. While major combat operations were concluded by mid-July, localised fighting continued throughout Borneo until the end of the war in August. Initially intended to secure vital airfields and port facilities to support future operations, preparatory bombardment resulted in heavy damage to the island's infrastructure, including its oil production facilities. As a result, the strategic benefits the Allies gained from the campaign were negligible.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q216175", "subject": "John Hans Krebs", "wikipedia_title": "John Hans Krebs", "description": "American politician (1926-2014)", "summary_extract": "John Hans Krebs was an Israeli-American politician and attorney who served two terms as a U.S. Representative for California's 17th congressional district from 1975 to 1979.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q216570", "subject": "T. Lux Feininger", "wikipedia_title": "T. Lux Feininger", "description": "American painter, photographer and art teacher (1910-2011)", "summary_extract": "Theodore Lukas Feininger was a German-American painter, avant-garde photographer, author, and art teacher who was born in Berlin to Julia Berg, née Lilienfeld, and Lyonel Feininger, an American living in Germany from the age of sixteen. His father was appointed as the Master of the Printing Workingshop at the newly formed Bauhaus art school in Weimar by Walter Gropius in 1919. He had two older full brothers, namely Andreas Feininger, and Laurence Feininger, as well as two half sisters, even older, including Lore Feininger, by Clara Fürst and his father.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q21855433", "subject": "Mamady Youla", "wikipedia_title": "Mamady Youla", "description": "Guinean politician and economist", "summary_extract": "Mamady Youla is a Guinean businessman and politician who was the Prime Minister of Guinea from 2015 to 2018.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["economist", "minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q218678", "subject": "North African campaign", "wikipedia_title": "North African campaign", "description": "194–1943 military campaign of World War II", "summary_extract": "The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 11 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis powers. It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts, in Morocco and Algeria, and in Tunisia. The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from German-occupied Europe. The United States entered the war in December 1941 and began direct military assistance in North Africa on 11 May 1942.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q219230", "subject": "Marco Polo Bridge incident", "wikipedia_title": "Marco Polo Bridge incident", "description": "1937 initial battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War", "summary_extract": "The Marco Polo Bridge incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge incident or the July 7 incident, was a three-day battle that began on 7 July 1937 in the district of Beijing between the 29th Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and the Imperial Japanese Army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["conflict", "japan"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q22023153", "subject": "Maine ranked choice voting referendum, 2016", "wikipedia_title": "2016 Maine Question 5", "description": "Referendum on instant-runoff voting", "summary_extract": "Maine Question 5, formally An Act to Establish Ranked-Choice Voting, is a citizen-initiated referendum question that qualified for the Maine November 8, 2016 statewide ballot. It was approved by a vote of 52% in favor, 48% opposed. It sought to change how most Maine elections will be conducted from plurality voting to instant-runoff voting. It appeared on the ballot along with elections for President of the United States, Maine's two U.S. House seats, the legislature, five other ballot questions, and various local elections. The referendum was successful, making Maine the first state to use ranked choice voting for its federal elections.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2016, "domains": ["ceasefire"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q22115502", "subject": "Battle of Mount Tambu", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Mount Tambu", "description": "1943 WWII battle in Salamaua", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Mount Tambu was a series of actions fought in the Salamaua area of the Territory of New Guinea between Allied and Japanese forces, which took place between 16 July and 18 August 1943, during World War II. The battle formed part of the wider Salamaua–Lae campaign and was fought in the final stages of the campaign, which had seen a combined Australian and US force advance from Wau towards Salamaua following the repulse of the Japanese attack on Wau in late January and early February 1943. After several frontal assaults on the position by Australian and US infantrymen were rebuffed by determined Japanese defenders, an indirect approach was sought and flanking moves were undertaken to cut off the Japanese supply route along the Komiatum Track. This succeeded in eventually forcing the Japanese off the position as they withdrew to avoid encirclement.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["battle", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2223057", "subject": "Nico Verlaan", "wikipedia_title": "Nico Verlaan", "description": "Dutch politician", "summary_extract": "Nicolaas (Nico) Verlaan is a Dutch former politician of the Farmers' Party (Boerenpartij).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q22337869", "subject": "Anna Erra i Solà", "wikipedia_title": "Anna Erra", "description": "Spanish politician", "summary_extract": "Anna Erra i Solà is a Spanish teacher and politician who served as President of the Parliament of Catalonia between June 2023 and June 2024. She is also a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for Junts per Catalunya. Between 2015 and 2023 she was Mayor of Vic, representing Junts per Catalunya.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q2237268", "subject": "Battle of Umm Qasr", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Umm Qasr", "description": "2003 first military confrontation in the Iraq War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Umm Qasr was the first military confrontation in the Iraq War. At the start of the war, one of the first objectives was the port of Umm Qasr. On 21 March 2003, as allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq, an amphibious landing force captured the new port area of Umm Qasr. The assault was spearheaded by Royal Marines of the British 3 Commando Brigade, augmented by U.S. Marines of the American 15th MEU and Polish JW GROM troops. Iraqi forces in the old town of Umm Qasr put up unexpectedly strong resistance, requiring several days' fighting before the area was cleared of defenders. The port was finally declared safe and reopened on 25 March 2003.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2003, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q22673238", "subject": "2016 Mong Kok civil unrest", "wikipedia_title": "2016 Mong Kok civil unrest", "description": "clashes broke out between police and local pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong", "summary_extract": "Civil unrest occurred in Mong Kok, Hong Kong from the night of 8 February 2016 until the following morning. This incident occurred following the government's crackdown on unlicensed street hawkers during the Chinese New Year holidays. Eventually, violent clashes broke out between police and protesters, resulting in injuries on both sides.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2016, "domains": ["chinese_politics", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q229007", "subject": "Munich massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Munich massacre", "description": "Palestinian terror attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany", "summary_extract": "The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, carried out by eight members of the Palestinian militant organisation Black September. The militants infiltrated the Olympic Village, killed two members of the Israeli Olympic team, and took nine other Israeli team members hostage. Those hostages were later also killed by the militants during a failed rescue attempt.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["international_relations", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q22919544", "subject": "Alexander Poddiakov", "wikipedia_title": "Alexander Poddiakov", "description": "Russian psychologist", "summary_extract": "Alexander N. Poddiakov, born on March 21, 1962, in Moscow, is a Russian psychologist, doctor of psychology and professor.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q22935835", "subject": "Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)", "wikipedia_title": "Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)", "description": "insurgency starting in 2013", "summary_extract": "In July 2013, at the same time as mass protests began against the 3 July coup d'état which deposed Mohamed Morsi, and in parallel with the escalation of the already ongoing jihadist insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula, pro-Muslim Brotherhood militants started violent attacks against policemen and soldiers in central and western Egypt. In the following months, new Islamist armed groups were created to reinstate Islamist rule in Egypt, such as Soldiers of Egypt and the Popular Resistance Movement. Since 2013, violence in mainland Egypt has escalated and developed into a low-level Islamist insurgency against the Egyptian government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2013, "domains": ["conflict", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2322364", "subject": "Theodoor Philibert Tromp", "wikipedia_title": "Theo Tromp", "description": "Dutch politician (1903-1984)", "summary_extract": "Theodoor Philibert \"Theo\" Tromp was a Dutch politician and engineer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q232336", "subject": "Sabina Spielrein", "wikipedia_title": "Sabina Spielrein", "description": "Russian physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts (1885–1942)", "summary_extract": "Sabina Nikolayevna Spielrein was a Russian physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q2334090", "subject": "Eddy Baldewijns", "wikipedia_title": "Eddy Baldewijns", "description": "Belgian politician", "summary_extract": "Edouard S. L. L. J. Baldewijns is a Belgian politician, member of the Chamber of Representatives and Flemish Government minister. A member of the Belgian Socialist Party and its successor the Flemish Socialist Party, he represented Hasselt from April 1977 to May 1995 and Hasselt-Tongeren-Maaseik from June 1999 to December 1999. He was the Flemish Minister of Public Works, Transport and Spatial Planning from June 1995 to September 1998 and Minister of Education and Civil Service Affairs from September 1998 to July 1999. He was also a member of the Flemish Parliament and its predecessors, the Flemish Council and the Cultural Council for the Dutch Cultural Community, from May 1977 to July 1995.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2341407", "subject": "Carandiru massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Carandiru massacre", "description": "1992 massacre in the Carandiru penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil", "summary_extract": "The Carandiru massacre occurred on 2 October 1992, in Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil, when São Paulo's military police stormed the penitentiary following a prison riot. The massacre, which left 111 prisoners dead, is considered by many people to be a major human rights violation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["brazil", "massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2361214", "subject": "Battle of Sirte", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Sirte (2011)", "description": "2011 final battle of the First Libyan Civil War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Sirte was the final and most decisive battle of the First Libyan Civil War, beginning when the National Liberation Army attacked the last remnants of the Libyan army still loyal to Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown and designated capital of Sirte, on the Gulf of Sidra. As of September 2011, Sirte and Bani Walid were the last strongholds of Gaddafi loyalists and the National Transitional Council hoped that the fall of Sirte would bring the war to an end. The battle and its aftermath marked the fall of the final stronghold of Gaddafi loyalists. Both Gaddafi and his son, Mutassim, were wounded and captured, then tortured and killed in custody less than an hour later. The month-long battle left Sirte almost completely in ruins, with many buildings damaged or totally destroyed.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q23621114", "subject": "Robert B. Warren", "wikipedia_title": "Robert B. Warren", "description": "economist (1891–1950)", "summary_extract": "Robert B. Warren was an American economist and banking expert. He was a member of the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study from 1939 until his death in 1950.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q2367545", "subject": "Bob Heffron", "wikipedia_title": "Bob Heffron", "description": "Australian politician and Premier of New South Wales (1890–1978)", "summary_extract": "Robert James Heffron, also known as Bob Heffron or R. J. Heffron, was a long-serving New South Wales politician, union organiser and Australian Labor Party (ALP) Premier of New South Wales from 1959 to 1964. Born in New Zealand, Heffron became involved in various Socialist and labour movements in New Zealand and later Australia before joining the Australian Labor Party. A prominent unionist organiser, he was gaoled for \"conspiracy to strike action\". He was later elected to the Parliament of New South Wales for Botany in 1930. However his disputes with party leader Jack Lang led to his expulsion from the ALP in 1936 and Heffron formed his own party from disgruntled Labor MPs known as the Industrial Labor Party. The success of his party enabled his readmission to the party and his prominence in a post-Lang NSW Branch which won office in 1941.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2370864", "subject": "1995 Peruvian general election", "wikipedia_title": "1995 Peruvian general election", "description": "general election in Peru", "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Peru on 9 April 1995, the first under the 1993 constitution. Incumbent President Alberto Fujimori was easily re-elected with 64.4% of the vote defeating former UN Secretary General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, whilst his Cambio 90-New Majority alliance won a majority of seats in the newly unicameral Congress.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q23786046", "subject": "1979 Interflug Ilyushin Il-18 crash", "wikipedia_title": "1979 Interflug Ilyushin Il-18 crash", "description": "airplane crash in Luanda, Angola", "summary_extract": "On 26 March 1979, an Ilyushin IL-18 crashed during takeoff from Quatro de Fevereiro Airport in Luanda, Angola, killing all ten people on board.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q2385727", "subject": "Battle of Rastan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)", "description": "2012 battle", "summary_extract": "A second battle between the Syrian Army and the Free Syrian Army for control of the city of Rastan took place from 29 January to 5 February 2012. Located in Homs Governorate, Rastan is a city of 60,000 residents. The FSA captured Rastan after days of intense fighting, according to residents and the opposition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q23900892", "subject": "Margaret Bell Houston", "wikipedia_title": "Margaret Bell Houston", "description": "American writer and suffragist", "summary_extract": "Margaret Bell Houston was an American writer and suffragist who lived in Texas and New York. Houston published over 20 novels, most of them set in Texas. Her work was also published in Good Housekeeping and McCalls in serial format.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q2404547", "subject": "Siege of Jadotville", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Jadotville", "description": "1961 Irish UN troops defend against attack by Belgian and Kanganese soldiers", "summary_extract": "The siege of Jadotville was a major battle during the Congo Crisis, that began on 13 September 1961 and lasted for five days. A small contingent of the Irish Army's 35th Battalion serving under the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC), designated \"A\" Company, was besieged at the UN base near the mining town of Jadotville by Katangese forces loyal to the secessionist State of Katanga.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q240534", "subject": "Jeane Kirkpatrick", "wikipedia_title": "Jeane Kirkpatrick", "description": "American diplomat and Presidential advisor (1926-2006)", "summary_extract": "Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick was an American diplomat and political scientist who played a major role in the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration. An ardent anti-Communist, she was a longtime Democrat who became a neoconservative and switched to the Republican Party in 1985. After serving as Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser in his 1980 presidential campaign, she became the first woman to serve as United States Ambassador to the United Nations.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2420193", "subject": "Sons of Iraq", "wikipedia_title": "Sons of Iraq", "description": "former Iraqi military group", "summary_extract": "The Sons of Iraq, also known as al-Sahwah, were a coalition in the Al Anbar governorate in Iraq between Sunni tribal leaders as well as former Saddam-era Iraqi military officers that united in 2005 against Al-Qaeda in Iraq. A moderate group, they received extensive funding from the US. The group's creation was spearheaded by US General David Petraeus to defeat AQI in Al Anbar by providing hundreds of millions of dollars in subsidies to tribal leaders and fighters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q24467647", "subject": "2016 Sirte offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Sirte (2016)", "description": "battle in the spring of 2016, in the region of Sirte, Libya", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Sirte during the Second Libyan Civil War started in the spring of 2016, in the Sirte District of Libya, between the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the loyalist forces of the Government of National Accord (GNA) backed by the United States. ISIL forces had captured Sirte one year earlier, during the previous battle. The conflict for Sirte was described as ISIL's \"last stand\" in Libya.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2016, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q24882949", "subject": "1955 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1955 Kentucky Derby", "description": "81st running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1955 Kentucky Derby was the 81st running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 7, 1955. The race carried a purse of $152,500 of which winner Swaps received $108,400, a then record.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q24886817", "subject": "Sam Lowrie", "wikipedia_title": "Sam Lowrie", "description": "New Zealand rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Samuel Arthur Lowrie (1889-1954) was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand. His grandnephew, Jason Lowrie, also represented New Zealand in rugby league.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q24886879", "subject": "1943 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1943 Kentucky Derby", "description": "69th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1943 Kentucky Derby, also known as the Street-car Derby, was the 69th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 1, 1943, and was won by the heavy favorite, Count Fleet.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q24901131", "subject": "2016 Colombia army helicopter crash", "wikipedia_title": "2016 Colombian Army helicopter crash", "description": "Helicopter Crash in 2016", "summary_extract": "A Mil Mi-17 of the National Army of Colombia was reported missing after taking off from the city of Quibdó on 26 June 2016. The wreckage of the helicopter was found the following day in mountainous terrain in the department of Caldas, 180 km north-west of the capital city Bogotá. It was the third helicopter crash in Colombia in 2016, and with seventeen killed was the worst accident in eleven years for the Colombian military.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2016, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q24901314", "subject": "1941 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1941 Kentucky Derby", "description": "67th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1941 Kentucky Derby was the 67th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 1941. Whirlaway's winning time set a Derby record.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q24905763", "subject": "23 May 2016 Yemen bombings", "wikipedia_title": "23 May 2016 Yemen bombings", "description": null, "summary_extract": "On 23 May 2016, two suicide bombings, conducted by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, killed at least 45 potential army recruits in Aden, Yemen. The first attack, which targeted a lineup, killed 20. The second attack, which occurred inside the base, killed 25. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the attack. The attack was preceded by the 2016 Yemen Police bombings in the Yemeni city of Mukalla, which killed more than 48 people and injured over 60.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2016, "domains": ["explosion", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q249853", "subject": "Insurgency in Laos", "wikipedia_title": "Insurgency in Laos", "description": "military conflict", "summary_extract": "The insurgency in Laos is a low-intensity conflict between the Lao People's Democratic Republic on one side and former members of the Secret Army, Laotian royalists, Hmong fighters, and other highland Laotian ethnic minorities on the other. These groups have faced reprisals from the Lao People's Army and Vietnam People's Army for their support of the United States-led, anti-communist military campaigns in Laos during the Laotian Civil War, which the insurgency is an extension of itself. The North Vietnamese invaded Laos in 1958 and supported the communist Pathet Lao. The Vietnamese communists continued to support the Pathet Lao after the end of the Laotian Civil War and the establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. At least 100,000 Hmong civilians were killed as the result of Laotian governmental policies, in what has sometimes been referred to as the Hmong genocide.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q25005207", "subject": "1931 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1931 Kentucky Derby", "description": "57th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1931 Kentucky Derby was the 57th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 16, 1931. Horses Equipoise, Up, and Don Leon scratched before the race. Twenty Grand's winning time set a new Derby record. The winner was owned and bred by the Greentree Stable of Helen Hay Whitney. It marked the fourth time in the Derby's history that a woman owned the winning horse and the second time that a woman was both owner and breeder.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q25006798", "subject": "1984 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1984 Kentucky Derby", "description": "110th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1984 Kentucky Derby was the 110th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 5, 1984, with 126,453 people in attendance. The race was won by Swale, who went on to finish out of the money in the Preakness, then won the Belmont.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q25007154", "subject": "1971 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1971 Kentucky Derby", "description": "97th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1971 Kentucky Derby was the 97th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 1, 1971, with 123,284 people in attendance.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q2511095", "subject": "Vasile Patilineț", "wikipedia_title": "Vasile Patilineț", "description": "Romanian politician", "summary_extract": "Vasile Patilineț was a Romanian communist activist, politician and diplomat. A worker and native of the industrial Jiu Valley, he joined the Romanian Communist Party in 1945 and steadily rose through its ranks, entering the central committee a decade later. Subsequently, he became a close ally of Nicolae Ceaușescu, whose rise to power in 1965 he helped facilitate. A significant player in the early years of the latter's rule, he became steadily alarmed by the dictator's excesses and began plotting against him by the late 1970s. He was sent as ambassador to Turkey in 1980, and six years later, upon finishing his service at Ankara, was killed in a suspicious car accident.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q251902", "subject": "Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan", "wikipedia_title": "Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan", "description": "Equatorial Guinea politician", "summary_extract": "Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan was Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from April 1, 1996, to March 4, 2001.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2527768", "subject": "Virginia E. Jenckes", "wikipedia_title": "Virginia E. Jenckes", "description": "American politician (1877–1975)", "summary_extract": "Virginia Jenckes served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana's Sixth Congressional District. The Terre Haute, Indiana, native was the first woman from Indiana to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. Alongside Kathryn O'Loughlin McCarthy, she was the second woman Representative from the Midwest and the first who was not succeeding a male relative. In 1937 she became the first American woman appointed as a U.S. delegate to the Inter-Parliamentary Union in Paris, France. The outspoken, independent-minded farmer from Vigo County was an advocate for women and became known for her support of flood control measures and repeal of Prohibition, as well as her opposition to communism. Jenckes's most significant accomplishment for her Indiana constituents was obtaining an $18 million appropriation for the Wabash River basin that eventually became law.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q25451842", "subject": "1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt", "wikipedia_title": "1987 Sharjawi coup attempt", "description": "political crisis in the United Arab Emirates", "summary_extract": "The 1987 Sharjawi coup or the 1987 Emirati crisis was a political crisis in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) when, due to economic recession due to the 1980s oil glut, the brother of Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, the Sheikh of the Emirate of Sharjah, Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, attempted to stage a bloodless palace coup seizing key positions throughout Sharjah with military elements loyal to him. The coup destabilized the foundation of the still young UAE, and threatened to break the union back into its constituent Emirates, however, it would ultimately fail due to Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum convincing the other Emirati leaders to reinstall the deposed Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q255666", "subject": "Rosa Díez", "wikipedia_title": "Rosa Díez", "description": "Spanish politician", "summary_extract": "Rosa María Díez González is a Spanish politician from Union, Progress and Democracy, UPyD deputy in the Congress of Deputies from 2008 to 2016.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2562399", "subject": "2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election", "wikipedia_title": "2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election", "description": "assembly election in Northern Ireland", "summary_extract": "The 2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election was held on Wednesday, 7 March 2007. It was the third election to take place since the devolved assembly was established in 1998. The election saw endorsement of the St Andrews Agreement and the two largest parties, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Féin, along with the Alliance Party, increase their support, with falls in support for the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).", "earliest_anchor_year": 2007, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2568970", "subject": "Caravan of Death", "wikipedia_title": "Caravan of Death", "description": "Chilean Army death squad that flew by helicopters and carried out the execution of prisoners", "summary_extract": "The Caravan of Death was a Chilean Army death squad that, following the Chilean coup of 1973, flew by helicopters from south to north of Chile between September 30 and October 22, 1973. During this foray, members of the squad ordered or personally carried out the execution of at least 75 individuals held in Army custody in certain garrisons. According to the NGO Memoria y Justicia, the squad killed 97 people: 26 in the South and 71 in the North.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q25714035", "subject": "Romain Navarrete", "wikipedia_title": "Romain Navarrete", "description": "French rugby league footballer (1994-)", "summary_extract": "Romain Navarrete is a French rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Catalans Dragons in the Super League and France at international level.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1994, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2574363", "subject": "RDS-4", "wikipedia_title": "RDS-4", "description": "Soviet nuclear fission bomb fielded in 1954-1958", "summary_extract": "RDS-4 was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at Semipalatinsk Test Site, on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately 1,200 kilograms (2,646 lb). The device was approximately one-third the size of the RDS-3. The bomb was dropped from an IL-28 aircraft at an altitude of 11 kilometres (7 mi) and exploded at 600 metres (1,969 ft), with a yield of 28 kt.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2580157", "subject": "Operation Dragon Rouge", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Dragon Rouge", "description": "1964 hostage rescue operation in the Congo Crisis", "summary_extract": "Operation Dragon Rouge was a hostage rescue operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo conducted jointly by Belgium and the United States in 1964. The operation was led by the Belgian Paracommando Regiment to rescue hostages held by Simba rebels in the city of Stanleyville.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2580579", "subject": "William H. Smathers", "wikipedia_title": "William H. Smathers", "description": "American politician (1891–1955)", "summary_extract": "William Howell Smathers was a Democratic United States Senator from New Jersey, serving from 1937 to 1943.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q258873", "subject": "Waco Siege", "wikipedia_title": "Waco siege", "description": "1993 struggle between the U.S government and armed inhabitants of a compound in Texas", "summary_extract": "The Waco siege, also known as the Waco massacre, was the siege by US federal government and Texas state law enforcement officials of a compound belonging to the religious cult known as the Branch Davidians, between February 28 and April 19, 1993. The Branch Davidians, led by David Koresh, were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in unincorporated McLennan County, Texas, 13 miles northeast of Waco. Suspecting the group of stockpiling illegal weapons, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) obtained a search warrant for the compound and arrest warrants for Koresh and several of the group's members.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["american_politics", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2606370", "subject": "Nasta Palazhanka", "wikipedia_title": "Nasta Palazhanka", "description": "Belarusian politician", "summary_extract": "Nasta Palazhanka (Dashkevich) (Belarusian: Наста Палажанка, romanized: Nasta Pałažanka; born 1990) is an activist in the opposition youth movement in Belarus, which she joined at the age of 14. \nAs of 2011 she is Deputy Chairperson of the Malady Front (Young Front), an NGO in Belarus. She has advocated for freedom and human rights in Belarus despite threats, harassment, and imprisonment.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2616916", "subject": "Allied Air Flight 111", "wikipedia_title": "Allied Air Flight 111", "description": "aviation accident", "summary_extract": "Allied Air Flight 111 was a cargo flight operated by Lagos-based cargo airliner Allied Air, flying from Lagos, Nigeria to Accra, Ghana. The flight was operated with a Boeing 727 cargo aircraft. On 2 June 2012, the aircraft crashed on landing at Accra International Airport, killing twelve people on the ground.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q2621757", "subject": "Lal Masjid Siege", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Lal Masjid", "description": "2007 Pakistani military standoff against the Taliban", "summary_extract": "The siege of Lal Masjid was an armed confrontation in July 2007 between a Islamist fundamentalist private militia and the government of Pakistan, led by president Pervez Musharraf and prime minister Shaukat Aziz. The focal points of the operation were the Lal Masjid and the Jamia Hafsa madrasah complex in Islamabad, Pakistan.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2007, "domains": ["conflict", "pakistan"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2633598", "subject": "Chalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101", "wikipedia_title": "Chalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101", "description": "aviation accident", "summary_extract": "Chalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101 was an aircraft that crashed off Miami Beach, Florida, in the United States on December 19, 2005. All 18 passengers and both of the crew members on board the 1947 Grumman G-73T Turbo Mallard died in the crash, which was attributed to metal fatigue on the starboard wing resulting in separation of the wing from the fuselage.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q26370", "subject": "Raja Ramanna", "wikipedia_title": "Raja Ramanna", "description": "Indian nuclear scientist (1925-2004)", "summary_extract": "Raja Ramanna was an Indian nuclear physicist. He was the director of India's nuclear program in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which culminated in Smiling Buddha, India's first successful nuclear weapon test on 18 May 1974.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2641750", "subject": "Battle of Goose Green", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Goose Green", "description": "1982 engagement of the Falklands War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Goose Green was fought from the 28th to the 29th of May 1982 by British and Argentine forces during the Falklands War. Located on East Falklands central isthmus, the settlement of Goose Green was the site of a tactically vital airfield. Argentine forces were located in a well-defended position within striking distance of San Carlos Water, where the British task force had positioned themselves after their amphibious landing.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q264253", "subject": "Bohdan Stupka", "wikipedia_title": "Bohdan Stupka", "description": "Soviet and Ukrainian actor (1941–2012)", "summary_extract": "Bohdan Sylvestrovych Stupka was a Ukrainian actor and minister of culture of Ukraine. He was born in Kulykiv, General Government, to Ukrainian parents. In 2001, he was a member of the jury at the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival. At the 26th Moscow International Film Festival he won the award for Best Actor for his role in Our Own.\nStupka played in more than a hundred roles in films and over fifty in theaters. Stupka was awarded the titles Merited Artist of Ukraine, People's Artist of the USSR, and Hero of Ukraine.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q266655", "subject": "Cesare Terranova", "wikipedia_title": "Cesare Terranova", "description": "Italian Antimafia judge and politician murdered by the Mafia (1921-1979)", "summary_extract": "Cesare Terranova was an Italian judge and politician from Sicily, notable for his anti-Mafia stance. From 1958 until 1971 Terranova was an examining magistrate at the Palermo prosecuting office. He was one of the first to seriously investigate the Mafia and the financial operations of Cosa Nostra. He was assassinated by the Mafia in 1979.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2686857", "subject": "Battle of Lasy Królewskie", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Lasy Królewskie", "description": "1939 battle during the battle of the Border of the Invasion of Poland", "summary_extract": "Battle of Lasy Królewskie refers to the battle on 1 September 1939 near Janowo and Krzynowłoga Mała during the Battle of the Border of the Invasion of Poland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q269572", "subject": "Carlos Luz", "wikipedia_title": "Carlos Luz", "description": "19th President of Brazil (1894–1961)", "summary_extract": "Carlos Coimbra da Luz was a Brazilian politician, lawyer, teacher and journalist who served as acting president of Brazil from November 8 to November 11, 1955. He is the shortest serving president of Brazil.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q26997954", "subject": "William Warrick Cardozo", "wikipedia_title": "William Warrick Cardozo", "description": "African American scientist", "summary_extract": "William Warrick Cardozo (1905–1962) was an accomplished private physician and pediatrician who also served as an instructor at the Howard University College of Medicine and as a school medical inspector for the District of Columbia Board of Health. He is best known for his research on sickle cell anemia, but also published articles about Hodgkin's disease, the gastrointestinal health of children, and the physical development of African American children. Cardozo was an early African-American contributor in the healthcare profession.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q270262", "subject": "Ana Aslan", "wikipedia_title": "Ana Aslan", "description": "Romanian biologist and physician (1897–1988)", "summary_extract": "Ana Aslan, born Anna Aslanyan, was a Romanian biologist and physician of partial Armenian descent. She was born in Brăila and died in Bucharest. Aslan was a specialist in gerontology, academician from 1974 and the director of the National Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology (1958–1988) known for her invention of the drug Gerovital (H3). Aslan received international recognition for her research in gerontology.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q274513", "subject": "Vera C. Bushfield", "wikipedia_title": "Vera C. Bushfield", "description": "American politician (1889-1976)", "summary_extract": "Vera Sarah Bushfield was an American politician served as a U.S. senator from South Dakota in 1948, as well as the First Lady of South Dakota from 1939 to 1943. Bushfield's appointment also marked the first time one state had been represented by two female senators; Gladys Pyle served for two months in late 1938 and early 1939.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2745406", "subject": "Shaba II", "wikipedia_title": "Shaba II", "description": "historical military conflict", "summary_extract": "Shaba II was a brief conflict fought in the Zairean province of Shaba in 1978. The conflict broke out on 11 May 1978 after 6,500 rebels from the Congolese National Liberation Front (FNLC), a Katangese separatist militia, crossed the border from Angola into Zaire in an attempt to achieve the province's secession from the Zairian regime of Mobutu Sese Seko. The FNLC captured the important mining town of Kolwezi.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2745987", "subject": "Battle of Kolwezi", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Kolwezi", "description": "1978 battle of Kolwezi", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Kolwezi was an airborne operation by French and Belgian airborne forces that took place in May 1978 in Zaire during the Shaba II invasion of Zaire by the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FLNC). It aimed at rescuing European and Zairean hostages held by FLNC rebels after they conquered the city of Kolwezi. The operation succeeded with the liberation of the hostages and light military casualties.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["conflict", "france"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q27559", "subject": "Black Spring", "wikipedia_title": "Black Spring (Algeria)", "description": "series of violent disturbances and political demonstrations in Algeria in 2001", "summary_extract": "The Black Spring was a series of protests and political demonstrations by Kabyle activists in the Kabylie region of Algeria in 2001, which were met by repressive and violent police measures and became a potent symbol of Kabyle discontent with the national government. The protests took place against a backdrop of long-standing cultural marginalization of the Highlander Kabyle, a homogeneous Berber linguistic group in Algeria despite the most rigid government-sponsored Arabization measures of the 1960s through the 1980s having been lifted. The name \"Black Spring\" alludes to the events known as the Berber Spring of the 1980s, in which mainly Kabyle civil society activists challenged the ban on Berber culture then in place, demanding cultural rights and democracy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2776885", "subject": "Ze'ev Shefer", "wikipedia_title": "Ze'ev Shefer", "description": "Israeli politician (1891–1964)", "summary_extract": "Ze'ev Shefer was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai between 1951 and 1955.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q27906706", "subject": "Diana Pombo", "wikipedia_title": "Diana Pombo", "description": "1952-2016, Colombian environmentalist, architect, and writer", "summary_extract": "Diana Carolina Pombo Holguín was a Colombian environmentalist, architect and writer. Pombo was born in Bogotá, where she studied architecture at the National University of Colombia, further specializing in environmental topics in universities of France, Germany and Brazil. She contributed to the construction of current environmental policies, and the creation of the National Environmental Movement.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["judge"], "domains_coarse": ["law_justice"]}
{"qid": "Q27962454", "subject": "1955 Malayan state elections", "wikipedia_title": "1955 Malayan state elections", "description": null, "summary_extract": "State council elections were held in Malaya from 27 September to 12 November 1955 in all states except Trengganu and Johore.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q280555", "subject": "Luis Donaldo Colosio", "wikipedia_title": "Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta", "description": "Mexican politician (1950-1994)", "summary_extract": "Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta was a Mexican politician, economist, and Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) presidential candidate, who was assassinated at a campaign rally in Tijuana during the presidential campaign of 1994.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q28059441", "subject": "Louai Almokdad", "wikipedia_title": "Louay Almokdad", "description": "Syrian entrepreneur and politician (born 1982)", "summary_extract": "Louay Almokdad is a Syrian-British politician and businessman. He was born in 1982 in Damascus, Syria.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28100211", "subject": "District of Columbia statehood referendum, 2016", "wikipedia_title": "2016 Washington, D.C., statehood referendum", "description": "district of Columbia referendum in support of becoming a U.S. state", "summary_extract": "A referendum on statehood for the District of Columbia was held on November 8, 2016. It was the first referendum on statehood to be held in the district. The District of Columbia was created following the passage of the Residence Act on July 9, 1790, which approved the creation of a national capital, the City of Washington on the Potomac River.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2016, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2824720", "subject": "Adolfo Calero", "wikipedia_title": "Adolfo Calero", "description": "Nicaraguan politician (1931–2012)", "summary_extract": "Adolfo Calero Portocarrero was a Nicaraguan businessman and the leader of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, the largest rebel group of the Contras, opposing the Sandinista government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28371809", "subject": "Jessica Van Eijs", "wikipedia_title": "Jessica van Eijs", "description": "Dutch former politician", "summary_extract": "Jessica Marie Catherine van Eijs is a Dutch politician serving in the House of Representatives since 2017 as a member of the Democrats 66. In 2012, she joined the municipal council of Eindhoven, and left for the 2017 general election. Hard of hearing and understanding of deaf community needs, she has called for Dutch Sign Language to receive official recognition as a minority language.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2839367", "subject": "Aloyse Warhouver", "wikipedia_title": "Aloyse Warhouver", "description": "French politician (1930–2024)", "summary_extract": "Aloyse Warhouver was a French politician of the Miscellaneous left (DVG) and the Radical Party of the Left (PRG). He was a member of the General Council of Moselle for the Canton of Sarrebourg from 1973 to 1998 and mayor of Xouaxange from 1983 to 2001. He also served in the National Assembly from 1988 to 2002, representing Moselle's 4th constituency. Warhouver died in Walscheid on 16 June 2024, at the age of 94.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28401501", "subject": "1986 Colchester Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1986 Colchester Borough Council election", "description": "1986 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "Elections to Colchester Borough Council were held on 8 May 1986 alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28419666", "subject": "Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)", "wikipedia_title": "Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)", "description": "2017 military operation", "summary_extract": "The Deir ez-Zor offensive  was a military operation launched by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against the Syrian Armed Forces, to capture the city of Deir ez-Zor, on 14 January 2017. The offensive came amid the group losing large amounts of territory in the Raqqa offensive as well as the Turkish military intervention in Syria, while Iraqi forces were advancing in its Iraq headquarters in Mosul. It ended with the city being split into two parts.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2017, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2865065", "subject": "Arthur Dehaine", "wikipedia_title": "Arthur Dehaine", "description": "French politician (1932–2020)", "summary_extract": "Arthur Dehaine was a French politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28701261", "subject": "Yevhen Yenin", "wikipedia_title": "Yevhen Yenin", "description": "Ukrainian diplomat", "summary_extract": "Yevhen Volodymyrovych Yenin was a Ukrainian diplomat and lawyer who served as the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs from 2021 until his death in a helicopter crash in 2023.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28701450", "subject": "Valeriy Chybineyev", "wikipedia_title": "Valeriy Chybineyev", "description": "Ukrainian military sniper (1988-2022)", "summary_extract": "Valeriy Viktorovych Chybineyev was a Ukrainian sniper who served as commander of the sniper company of the 79th Air Assault Brigade. He fought in the war in Donbas and was awarded the Order of the Gold Star in 2016 for his actions during a combat mission in Avdiivka. On his 34th birthday, Chybineyev was killed in the Battle of Hostomel during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2870852", "subject": "Audrey Linkenheld", "wikipedia_title": "Audrey Linkenheld", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "Audrey Linkenheld, born 11 October 1973 in Strasbourg, is a French politician. She was the deputy for Nord's 2nd constituency from 2012 to 2017.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2871966", "subject": "Aurel Léger", "wikipedia_title": "Aurel Léger", "description": "Canadian politician", "summary_extract": "Aurel D. Léger was a Canadian businessman, contractor, farmer and politician. Léger served as a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Grande-Digue, New Brunswick and became a farmer and contractor.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q28860636", "subject": "Eva van Esch", "wikipedia_title": "Eva van Esch", "description": "Dutch politician", "summary_extract": "Eva Maria van Esch is a Dutch politician, who served as a Member of Parliament for the Party for the Animals between 2019 and 2023. She previously served as the party's parliamentary leader in the municipal council of Utrecht. Since March 2025 she has served as Alderman (wethouder) in the city of Arnhem.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2888189", "subject": "Battle of Bouzegza", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Bouzegza", "description": "1957 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Bouzegza took place during the Algerian War in the Berber-speaking region of the Adrar Azegzaw massif, at the far eastern end of the Mitidja Plain.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2888830", "subject": "Battle of Hwanggan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Hwanggan", "description": "1950 engagement between United States and North Korean forces", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Hwanggan was an engagement between United States and North Korean forces that took place on July 23–29, 1950, on a road north of the village of Hwanggan in southern South Korea, early in the Korean War. The battle ended in a victory for the North Koreans after US troops were forced to withdraw south.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2889311", "subject": "Battle of Caspe", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Caspe", "description": "1938 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Caspe took place during the Aragon Offensive of the Spanish Civil War in 16–17 March 1938.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2889462", "subject": "Battle of Najaf", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Najaf (2004)", "description": "battle during the Iraq war for the city of Najaf, during August 2004", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Najaf a battle during the Iraq War between United States-Iraqi government forces and the Shia insurgent Mahdi Army led by Muqtada al-Sadr in the Iraqi city of Najaf in April 2004 and conflict began again in August 2004.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2004, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2890719", "subject": "Battle of Yijiangshan Islands", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Yijiangshan Islands", "description": "1955 battle in the Chinese Civil War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Yijiangshan Islands occurred during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis in January 1955 when the People's Republic of China (PRC) attacked and captured the islands from the Republic of China (ROC). The loss of the Yijiangshans forced the ROC to abandon the Dachen Islands to the PRC. The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) considers the battle as its first joint operation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["battle", "china", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2890968", "subject": "Battle for Australia", "wikipedia_title": "Battle for Australia", "description": "1942 battle in the Second World War", "summary_extract": "The Battle for Australia is a contested historiographical term used to claim a coordinated link between a series of battles near Australia during the Pacific War of the Second World War alleged to be in preparation for a Japanese invasion of the continent.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["australia", "conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2896215", "subject": "Benjamin Romieux", "wikipedia_title": "Benjamin Romieux", "description": "Swiss journalist (1914-1988)", "summary_extract": "Benjamin Romieux (1914–1988) was a Swiss journalist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q2896722", "subject": "Battle of Suez", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Suez", "description": "battle fought in October, 1973", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Suez was fought on October 24–25, 1973 between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army in the Egyptian city of Suez. It was the closing battle of the Yom Kippur War, before a ceasefire took effect.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2901964", "subject": "Eliyahu Moyal", "wikipedia_title": "Eliyahu Moyal", "description": "Israeli politician (1920–1991)", "summary_extract": "Eliyahu Moyal was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1974 and 1981.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1974, "domains": ["author", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing", "politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2902335", "subject": "Yosef Tamir", "wikipedia_title": "Yosef Tamir", "description": "Israeli politician (1915–2009)", "summary_extract": "Yosef Tamir was an Israeli journalist, politician, lawyer and a professional javelin thrower.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2903255", "subject": "Marcia Freedman", "wikipedia_title": "Marcia Freedman", "description": "Israeli politician", "summary_extract": "Marcia Judith Freedman was an American-Israeli activist and politician. She advocated for a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, as well as for women's and gay rights. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Freedman immigrated to Israel in 1969, where she played a leading role in the development of the second-wave feminist movement during the 1970s. She served as a member of the Knesset from 1973 to 1977.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q29075204", "subject": "Oromo conflict", "wikipedia_title": "Oromo conflict", "description": "armed conflict between the Oromo Liberation Front and the Government of Ethiopia", "summary_extract": "The Oromo conflict or Oromia conflict is a protracted conflict between the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and the Ethiopian government. The Oromo Liberation Front formed to fight the Ethiopian Empire to liberate the Oromo people and establish an independent state of Oromia. The conflict began in 1973, when Oromo nationalists established the OLF and its armed wing, the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA). These groups formed in response to prejudice against the Oromo people during the Haile Selassie and Derg era, when their language was banned from public administration, courts, church and schools, and the stereotype of Oromo people as a hindrance to expanding Ethiopian national identity.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q29097077", "subject": "1932 United States presidential election in Utah", "wikipedia_title": "1932 United States presidential election in Utah", "description": "election in Utah", "summary_extract": "The 1932 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 8, 1932, as part of the 1932 United States presidential election. All contemporary forty-eight states took part, and state voters selected four voters to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2915803", "subject": "Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum", "wikipedia_title": "Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum", "description": "carried out by the Black September Organization on March 01, 1973", "summary_extract": "An attack on the Saudi embassy in Khartoum took place on 1 March 1973. It was carried out by the Black September Organization. Ten diplomats from several countries were taken hostage. After President Richard Nixon stated that he refused to negotiate with terrorists, and insisted that \"no concessions\" would be made, one Belgian and two U.S. hostages were killed.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["international_relations", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q2935065", "subject": "Camille Rolland", "wikipedia_title": "Camille Rolland", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "Camille Rolland was a French politician born on November 10, 1875, in Chaponnay. He died in 1964.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2935360", "subject": "Biscay Campaign", "wikipedia_title": "Biscay Campaign", "description": "1937 offensive during the Spanish Civil War", "summary_extract": "The Biscay Campaign was an offensive of the Spanish Civil War which lasted from 31 March to 1 July 1937. 50,000 men of the Eusko Gudarostea met 65,000 men of the insurgent forces. After heavy combats the Nationalist forces with a crushing material superiority managed to occupy the city of Bilbao and the Biscay province.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q29570320", "subject": "Melissa Kearney", "wikipedia_title": "Melissa Kearney", "description": "American economist (1974-)", "summary_extract": "Melissa Schettini Kearney is an American economist who is the Gilbert F. Schaefer Professor of Economics at the University of Notre Dame, and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Prior to joining the economics department at the University of Notre Dame in 2025, she spent more than two decades on the Economics faculty at the University of Maryland. She is also director of the Aspen Economic Strategy Group; a non-resident Senior Fellow at The Brookings Institution; a scholar affiliate and member of the board of the Notre Dame Wilson-Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities (LEO); and a scholar affiliate of the MIT Abdul Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). She has been an editor of the Journal of Human Resources and an editorial board member of the American Economic Journal: Economic Policy and of the Journal of Economic Literature. Kearney served as director of the Hamilton Project at Brookings from 2013 to 2015 and as co-chair of the JPAL State and Local Innovation Initiative from 2015 to 2018.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1974, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q29587219", "subject": "Susan Aitken", "wikipedia_title": "Susan Aitken", "description": "Scottish politician", "summary_extract": "Susan Aitken is a Scottish politician who has served as Leader of Glasgow City Council since 2017. A member of the Scottish National Party, she has been the leader of the SNP group on the council since 2014 and a councillor for the Langside ward since 2012.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2959024", "subject": "Charles Ernest Gault", "wikipedia_title": "Charles Ernest Gault", "description": "Canadian politician", "summary_extract": "Charles Ernest Gault was a politician in Quebec, Canada.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q2978059", "subject": "Claude Riveline", "wikipedia_title": "Claude Riveline", "description": "French economist (1936-2024)", "summary_extract": "Claude Riveline was a French economist and academic.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q30044084", "subject": "Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017", "wikipedia_title": "2017 Puerto Rican status referendum", "description": "Puerto Rico referendum in support of becoming a U.S. state", "summary_extract": "A referendum on the political status of Puerto Rico was held in Puerto Rico on June 11, 2017. The referendum had three options: becoming a state of the United States, independence/free association, or maintaining the current territorial status. Those who voted overwhelmingly chose statehood by 97%. This figure is attributed to a boycott led by the pro-status quo PPD party, which resulted in a 22.93% turnout.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2017, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q30338053", "subject": "Diane Schanzenbach", "wikipedia_title": "Diane Schanzenbach", "description": "American economist", "summary_extract": "Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach is an American economist who studies the effects of policies aimed at alleviating child poverty, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). She works at Northwestern University as Professor of Human Development and Social Policy at their School of Education and Social Policy. She is also the director of Northwestern's Institute for Policy Research and the Brookings Institution's Hamilton Project, as well as a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q3052795", "subject": "Emmanuel Maurel", "wikipedia_title": "Emmanuel Maurel", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "Emmanuel Maurel, is a French politician. He was a member of the board of the French Socialist Party. He was a candidate for the leadership of the Socialist Party but lost against Harlem Désir, winning almost a third of the votes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q30588146", "subject": "1958 United States Senate election in Arizona", "wikipedia_title": "1958 United States Senate election in Arizona", "description": "Overview of the topic", "summary_extract": "The 1958 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater ran for reelection to a second term, and defeated former U.S. Senator, and then-Governor, Ernest McFarland in the general election. The election was a rematch from 1952, where Goldwater defeated McFarland by a narrow margin. Goldwater had attributed the 1952 win to the unpopularity of President Harry S. Truman and popular Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy endorsing his campaign.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q30644508", "subject": "1956 Preakness Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "1956 Preakness Stakes", "description": "81st running of the Preakness Stakes", "summary_extract": "The 1956 Preakness Stakes was the 81st running of the $135,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 19, 1956, and was televised on the CBS television network in the United States. Fabius, who was jockeyed by William Hartack, won the race by one and three quarter lengths over runner-up Needles. Approximate post time was 5:46 p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:582/5 The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 30,714. This is recorded as the second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1956. It was also the first year Pimlico Race Course began recording attendance figures.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q30751575", "subject": "1983 Valencia City Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1983 Valencia municipal election", "description": "election in the Spanish municipality of Valencia", "summary_extract": "A municipal election was held in Valencia on 8 May 1983 to elect the 2nd City Council of the municipality. All 33 seats in the City Council were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3107167", "subject": "Quake Lake", "wikipedia_title": "Quake Lake", "description": "lake in southwestern Montana, United States", "summary_extract": "Quake Lake is a lake in the \nwestern United States, on the Madison River in southwestern Montana. It was created after an earthquake struck on August 17, 1959, with 28 fatalities. Northwest of West Yellowstone, Quake Lake is six miles (10 km) in length with a maximum depth of 125 feet (38 m).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["earthquakes"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q3109574", "subject": "Sanjurjada", "wikipedia_title": "Sanjurjada", "description": "Spanish military coup", "summary_extract": "Sanjurjada was a military coup staged in Spain on August 10, 1932. It was aimed at toppling the government but not necessarily at toppling the Spanish Republic. Following brief clashes it was easily suppressed in Madrid. Hardly any action was recorded elsewhere except Seville, where local rebel commander general José Sanjurjo took control for some 24 hours but acknowledged defeat when faced with resolute governmental response. Due to his brief success and attention given during following trials, the entire coup was later named after him.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["coup", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3118963", "subject": "Central African Republic Bush War", "wikipedia_title": "Central African Bush War", "description": "2004–2007 war after President François Bozizé came to power", "summary_extract": "The Central African Bush War was a civil war in the Central African Republic which lasted from 2004 to 2007 between Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) rebels and government forces. The rebellion began after François Bozizé seized the nation's presidency in 2003. Actual fighting began in 2004. Around 10,000 people were displaced because of the civil unrest.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2004, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3119043", "subject": "Six-Day War", "wikipedia_title": "Six-Day War (2000)", "description": "2000 war between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda and Uganda", "summary_extract": "The Six-Day War was a series of armed confrontations between Ugandan and Rwandan forces around the city of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 5 to 10 June 2000. The war formed part of the wider Second Congo War (1998–2003).", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q31192559", "subject": "2017 March for Justice", "wikipedia_title": "2017 March for Justice", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The March for Justice was a 450 km (280-mile) march from Ankara to Istanbul to protest against arrests that were made as part of the government crackdown following the July 2016 coup d'état attempt. After the coup attempt, the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) government declared a state of emergency. Since then at least 50,000 people have been arrested and another 140,000 people have been removed from their positions. The protest was led by opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, in response to a lengthy prison sentence that Enis Berberoğlu received for allegedly giving the press a video that shows Turkish intelligence smuggling weapons into Syria. The march concluded in Istanbul on 9 July with a rally attended by hundreds of thousands of people, during which Kılıçdaroğlu spoke at length about the effect that the government purge has had on the judiciary and rule of law in Turkey.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2017, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3124059", "subject": "Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda", "wikipedia_title": "Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda", "description": "Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "summary_extract": "Gerard Kamanda wa Kamanda was a Congolese politician who stood for President in the 2006 election in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was born in Kikwit. He previously worked as an advisor to Mobutu Sese Seko and during the 1990s, Kamanda served in a variety of positions, including deputy prime minister, and foreign minister three times; from 1982 to 1983, from 1995 to February 1996 and from December 1996 until May 1997 when the Mobutu government collapsed. Kamanda was later the minister of scientific research in the transition government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3125332", "subject": "Habib El Malki", "wikipedia_title": "Habib El Malki", "description": "Moroccan politician", "summary_extract": "Habib El Malki is a Moroccan politician who served as President of the House of Representatives from 2017 to 2021. Prior to his presidency he held multiple ministerial positions.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q3127573", "subject": "Harold Austin", "wikipedia_title": "Harold Austin", "description": "West Indian cricketer (1877-1943)", "summary_extract": "Sir Harold Bruce Gardiner Austin was a Barbadian politician and cricketer. He was known as H.B.G..", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3129493", "subject": "Heinrich Kirchheim", "wikipedia_title": "Heinrich Kirchheim", "description": "German general", "summary_extract": "Heinrich Georg Kirchheim was a German generalleutnant who served in both World War I and World War II. He is also one of few German officers who were awarded the Pour le Mérite and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He also served as a deputy member on the \"Court of Military Honour,\" a drumhead court-martial that expelled many of the officers involved in the 20 July Plot from the Army before handing them over to the People's Court.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3132080", "subject": "Henri Torre", "wikipedia_title": "Henri Torre", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "\nHenri Torre was a French politician, and a member of the UMP. He was a Secretary of State in the government of Pierre Messmer in the early 1970s. He was a graduate of HEC Paris. Torre died on 18 April 2025, at the age of 92.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q313258", "subject": "Dean Rusk", "wikipedia_title": "Dean Rusk", "description": "United States Secretary of State (1909-1994)", "summary_extract": "David Dean Rusk was the United States secretary of state from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, the second-longest serving secretary of state after Cordell Hull from the Franklin Roosevelt administration. He had been a high government official in the 1940s and early 1950s, as well as the head of a leading foundation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3151203", "subject": "Swiss alcohol referendum, 1941", "wikipedia_title": "1941 Swiss alcohol referendum", "description": "referendum in Switzerland", "summary_extract": "A referendum on alcohol was held in Switzerland on 9 March 1941. Voters were asked whether they approved of a popular initiative for changing the alcohol order. The proposal was rejected by 59.8% of voters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q316553", "subject": "Ramush Haradinaj", "wikipedia_title": "Ramush Haradinaj", "description": "Kosovar soldier and Prime Minister of Kosovo", "summary_extract": "Ramush Haradinaj is a Kosovo Albanian politician who served as prime minister of Kosovo from 2004 to 2005 and from 2017 to 2020. He was the leader of the AAK party from its founding in 2000 until May 2026, and is a former officer and leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3172298", "subject": "Jean Gilbert-Jules", "wikipedia_title": "Jean Gilbert-Jules", "description": "French politician (1903–1984)", "summary_extract": "Jean Gilbert-Jules was a French lawyer and politician. He was Minister of the Interior from February 1956 to May 1957 and from June 1957 to September 1957. He belonged to the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3180894", "subject": "John Alexander Sullivan", "wikipedia_title": "John Alexander Sullivan", "description": "Canadian politician (1879–1952)", "summary_extract": "John Alexander Sullivan was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Beauharnois, Quebec and became a lawyer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3190411", "subject": "Justin Marie Bomboko", "wikipedia_title": "Justin Bomboko", "description": "Congolese politician and Prime Minister (1928-2014)", "summary_extract": "Justin-Marie Bomboko Lokumba Is Elenge, was a Congolese politician and statesman. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Congo. He served as leader of the Congolese government as chairman of the College of Commissioners. He also served as Foreign Minister for three different tenures: 1960–1963, 1965–1969, and again in 1981. \nBomboko died from a long-illness in Brussels, Belgium, aged 85.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q322607", "subject": "War of Attrition", "wikipedia_title": "War of Attrition", "description": "1967–1970 war between Israel and Egypt, Syria and Jordan", "summary_extract": "The War of Attrition involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3257641", "subject": "Lobsang Nyandak", "wikipedia_title": "Lobsang Nyandak", "description": "President at The Tibet Fund", "summary_extract": "Lobsang Nyandak, sometimes written Lobsang Nyendak also called Lobsang Nyandak Zayul is a Tibetan diplomat and politician. born in 1965 in Kalimpong, India where he performed his studies in Herbertpur and at Panjab University in Chandigarh. There, he held functions at Tibetan Youth Congress before becoming the founding executive director of the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy. Member of the National Democratic Party of Tibet, he was elected deputy and was selected as a minister by Samdhong Rinpoche, the first elected Kalon Tripa of Central Tibetan Administration (CTA). He then was the Representative of the 14th Dalai Lama to the Americas and became president of The Tibet Fund.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q326587", "subject": "Trygve Bratteli", "wikipedia_title": "Trygve Bratteli", "description": "26th Prime Minister of Norway", "summary_extract": "Trygve Martin Bratteli was a Norwegian newspaper editor, a politician with the Norwegian Labour Party, and Nazi concentration camp survivor. He served as the prime minister of Norway from 1971 to 1972 and again from 1973 to 1976. He was president of the Nordic Council in 1978.\n", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3267117", "subject": "Olli-Matti Multamäki", "wikipedia_title": "Olli-Matti Multamäki", "description": "Finnish lieutenant general (1948–2007)", "summary_extract": "Lieutenant General Olli-Matti Multamäki was the commander of the Finnish Army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q327190", "subject": "Poul Schlüter", "wikipedia_title": "Poul Schlüter", "description": "Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993", "summary_extract": "Poul Holmskov Schlüter was a Danish politician who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993. He was the first member of the Conservative People's Party to become prime minister, as well as the first conservative to hold the office since 1901. Schlüter was a member of the Folketing for the Conservative People's Party from 1964 to 1994. He was also Chairman of the Conservative People's Party from 1974 to 1977 and from 1981 to 1993.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q327237", "subject": "Kivu conflict", "wikipedia_title": "Kivu conflict", "description": "umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the Kivu provinces in the eastern DR of the Congo which have occurred since the end of the Second Congo War since 2 June 2004 till present", "summary_extract": " The Kivu conflict is an umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo which have occurred since the end of the Second Congo War. Including neighboring Ituri province, there are more than 120 different armed groups active in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Currently, some of the most active rebel groups include the Allied Democratic Forces, the Cooperative for the Development of the Congo, the March 23 Movement, and many local Mai Mai militias. In addition to armed groups and the governmental FARDC troops, a number of national, regional and international forces have intervened militarily in the conflict, including the United Nations force known as MONUSCO, the militaries of Uganda and Burundi, and a force from the East African Community known as the East African Community Regional Force. The Kivu region is thus regarded as a key geopolitical arena, where local armed groups intersect with broader regional rivalries and international strategic interests. Analysts note that competition over natural resources, cross-border alliances, and external interventions have transformed the conflict from a purely domestic issue into a wider geopolitical struggle.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2004, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3279791", "subject": "Ibrahim Muhammad Didi", "wikipedia_title": "Ibrahim Muhammad Didi", "description": "Maldives politician (1901–1980)", "summary_extract": "Ibrahim Muhammad Didi, also known as Velaanaagey Ibrahim Didi, was a Maldivian politician who served as the Vice President of Maldives from January 1, 1953 to September 2, 1953. He served as the acting president of the Maldives from September 2, 1953 to March 7, 1954, after the banishment of Mohamed Amin Didi. While people demanded him to be president on terms that the vacancy of the office of the President leads to the succession of the vice president to the presidency. He was the first person to serve as Vice President as well as Acting President in the Maldives.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3292565", "subject": "Marie Grégoire", "wikipedia_title": "Marie Grégoire", "description": "President and Chief Executive Officer, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec", "summary_extract": "Marie Grégoire was the Action démocratique du Québec Member of the National Assembly of Quebec, Canada, for the electoral district of Berthier from 2002 to 2003.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q329506", "subject": "Battle of the Ruhr", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of the Ruhr", "description": "British strategic bombing campaign during World War II", "summary_extract": "The Battle of the Ruhr was a strategic bombing campaign against the Ruhr Area in Nazi Germany carried out by RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War. The Ruhr was the main centre of German heavy industry with coke plants, steelworks, armaments factories and ten synthetic oil plants. The British attacked 26 targets identified in the Combined Bomber Offensive. Targets included the Krupp armament works (Essen), the Nordstern synthetic oil plant at Gelsenkirchen and the Rheinmetall–Borsig plant in Düsseldorf, which was evacuated during the battle. The battle included cities such as Cologne not in the Ruhr proper but which were in the larger Rhine-Ruhr region and considered part of the Ruhr industrial complex. Some targets were not sites of heavy industry but part of the production and movement of materiel.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3295578", "subject": "Martin Offiah", "wikipedia_title": "Martin Offiah", "description": "English rugby union footballer, and rugby league footballer and commentator", "summary_extract": "Martin Nwokocha Offiah MBE ; born 29 December 1965) is an English former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He scored over 500 tries during his rugby league career, making him the third-highest try scorer of all time. Offiah was inducted into the Rugby League Hall of Fame in 2013, and now features in a statue of great rugby league players outside Wembley Stadium.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3299246", "subject": "Brunei Revolt", "wikipedia_title": "Brunei revolt", "description": "December 1962 insurrection in the British protectorate of Brunei", "summary_extract": "The Brunei revolt or Brunei rebellion of 1962 was an insurrection in the British protectorate of Protectorate Agreement of Brunei (1888) by opponents of its monarchy's proposed inclusion in the Federation of Malaysia. The insurgents were members of the TNKU, a militia supplied by Indonesia and linked to the left-wing Brunei People's Party (BPR), which favoured a pro-Indonesian North Borneo Federation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["conflict", "coup", "politics"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3308124", "subject": "Michael Connell", "wikipedia_title": "Michael Connell", "description": "American political consultant", "summary_extract": "Michael Louis Connell was a high-level Republican consultant who was subpoenaed in a case regarding alleged tampering with the 2004 U.S. presidential election and a case involving thousands of missing emails pertaining to the political firing of U.S. Attorneys. Connell was killed when the plane he was flying crashed on December 19, 2008.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3309289", "subject": "1965 Yerevan Demonstrations", "wikipedia_title": "1965 Yerevan demonstrations", "description": "Yerevan protests", "summary_extract": "The 1965 Yerevan demonstrations were illegal political demonstrations that took place in Yerevan, Soviet Armenia on 24 April 1965, on the 50th anniversary of the Armenian genocide. Historians of Armenia regard the event as the first step in the struggle for the recognition of the Armenian genocide of 1915, and a significant precursor to the Karabakh movement of 1988. The events were the first such demonstration in the entire Soviet Union, and marked \"the first time that [the genocide] was publicly commemorated in Soviet Armenia.\"", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["conflict", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q333849", "subject": "António Lobo Antunes", "wikipedia_title": "António Lobo Antunes", "description": "Portuguese writer (1942-2026)", "summary_extract": "António Lobo Antunes was a Portuguese novelist and medical doctor. He was awarded the 2000 Austrian State Prize, the 2003 Ovid Prize, the 2005 Jerusalem Prize, the 2007 Camões Prize, and the 2008 Juan Rulfo Prize. Lobo Antunes was repeatedly nominated as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q3349531", "subject": "Asturias Offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Asturias Offensive", "description": "1937 military offensive", "summary_extract": "The Asturias Offensive was an offensive in Asturias during the Spanish Civil War from 1 September to 21 October 1937.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q335437", "subject": "Peter Thomas Bauer", "wikipedia_title": "Peter Thomas Bauer", "description": "economist (1915-2002)", "summary_extract": "Peter Thomas Bauer, Baron Bauer, FBA was a Hungarian-born British development economist. Bauer is best remembered for his opposition to the then widely-held notion that the most effective manner to help developing countries advance is through state led development planning supported by foreign aid.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q3354826", "subject": "Operation Red Wings", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Red Wings", "description": "2005 military operation during the War in Afghanistan", "summary_extract": "Operation Red Wings, informally referred to as the Battle of Abbas Ghar, was a joint military operation conducted by the United States in the Pech District of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It was carried out from late-June to mid-July 2005 on the slopes of Sawtalo Sar, a mountain approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the provincial capital of Asadabad. The operation was intended to disrupt the activities of local Taliban-aligned anti-coalition militias (ACM), thus contributing to regional stability and thereby facilitating the September 2005 parliamentary election for the National Assembly of Afghanistan. At the time, Taliban ACM activity in the region was carried out predominantly by a small group led by a local man from Nangarhar Province known as Ahmad Shah, who had aspirations of achieving regional prominence among Muslim fundamentalists. Consequently, Shah and his group were one of the primary targets of the American military operation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3357820", "subject": "Otto Lancelle", "wikipedia_title": "Otto Lancelle", "description": "German Nazi and General (1885-1941)", "summary_extract": "Otto Quirin Lancelle was a German soldier who fought in both world wars and was awarded both the Pour le Mérite and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest military awards of the German Empire and Nazi Germany, respectively. During the interwar period, he joined Der Stalhelm and the Nazi Party, and participated in the failed Beer Hall Putsch that aimed to overthrow the Weimar Republic. He also was a member of the Supreme SA Leadership of the Nazi paramilitary organization, the Sturmabteilung (SA), in which he attained the rank of SA-Oberführer. Returning to military service, he became a general in command of an infantry division in the Wehrmacht during the Second World War and was killed in action in the first weeks of the invasion of the Soviet Union.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q335881", "subject": "Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair", "wikipedia_title": "Arnold McNair, 1st Baron McNair", "description": "British judge (1885-1975)", "summary_extract": "Arnold Duncan McNair, 1st Baron McNair was a British jurist and judge of the International Court of Justice and later the first president of the European Court of Human Rights.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3369758", "subject": "Patrick Pelloux", "wikipedia_title": "Patrick Pelloux", "description": "French physician and Author", "summary_extract": "Patrick Pelloux is a French physician and activist. He is a specialist of emergency medical services.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q337379", "subject": "Takenori Kanzaki", "wikipedia_title": "Takenori Kanzaki", "description": "Japanese politician", "summary_extract": "Takenori Kanzaki  is a Japanese politician who served in the House of Representatives as a member of the Komeito Party. He was born in Tianjin, China during the time part of China was under Japanese occupation. A graduate of the University of Tokyo, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1983. From August 1993 to April 1994, he served as Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in Morihiro Hosokawa's cabinet.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q338873", "subject": "Arkady Shvetsov", "wikipedia_title": "Arkady Shvetsov", "description": "Soviet aircraft engine designer (1892-1953)", "summary_extract": "Arkady Dmitrievich Shvetsov was a Soviet aircraft engine designer whose OKB was founded in Perm, USSR, in 1934, to produce the Wright Cyclone-derived Shvetsov M-25 engine. Under Shvetsov, his OKB became the primary provider of radial piston engines for Soviet aircraft industry. After his death in 1953, the OKB was taken over by Pavel Soloviev. Four Stalin Prizes. Hero of Socialist Labour (1942).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q339883", "subject": "2005 Cronulla riots", "wikipedia_title": "2005 Cronulla riots", "description": "series of race riots", "summary_extract": "The Cronulla riots were a series of race riots in Sydney, Australia. They began in the beachside suburb of Cronulla on 11 December 2005, and over the following nights spread to additional suburbs. The instigating event was a physical altercation on 4 December between a group of youths of Middle Eastern descent and lifeguards at Cronulla beach, following reports of assault of lifeguards and harassment by \"young Lebanese men.\" Following reporting by the tabloid media and shock jocks on local radio, a racially motivated gathering was organised via chain texting.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["assassination", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3421160", "subject": "Raymond Tarcy", "wikipedia_title": "Raymond Tarcy", "description": "Member of French Senate (1936-2019)", "summary_extract": "Raymond Tarcy was a politician from French Guiana who was elected to the French Senate in 1980. He previously had served as mayor of his hometown of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni for twelve years. The Lycée Raymond Tarcy in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni has been named after Tarcy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q342397", "subject": "Valentin Glushko", "wikipedia_title": "Valentin Glushko", "description": "Soviet rocket engineer (1908-1989)", "summary_extract": "Valentin Petrovich Glushko was a Soviet engineer who was program manager of the Soviet space program from 1974 until 1989.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3430506", "subject": "Rodrigo Asturias", "wikipedia_title": "Rodrigo Asturias", "description": "Guatemalan politician (1939–2005)", "summary_extract": "Rodrigo Asturias Amado was a Guatemalan guerrilla leader and [[Politics of Guerrilla Leadership: In the 1970s, he co-founded the Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA), one of the four main guerrilla groups that later merged to form the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG).\nSymbolic Name: His pseudonym, Gaspar Ilom, was taken from a character in his father’s famous novel, Hombres de Maíz .\nPeace Process: He was a primary negotiator for the guerrilla forces during the talks that led to the 1996 Peace Accords, which ended 36 years of civil war.\nPolitical Career: Following the peace treaty, he transitioned into mainstream politics. He ran as the URNG's presidential candidate in 2003, though he did not win.\nDeath: He died of a heart attack in Guatemala City on June 15, 2005, at the age of 65]].", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3438150", "subject": "Roden Cutler", "wikipedia_title": "Roden Cutler", "description": "Australian Army officer, politician and diplomat (1916-2002)", "summary_extract": "Sir Arthur Roden Cutler, was an Australian diplomat, the longest-serving Governor of New South Wales and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry \"in the face of the enemy\" that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth armed forces.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["military_officer", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q34448", "subject": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "wikipedia_title": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "description": "6th President of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2005 to 2013", "summary_extract": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is an Iranian politician who served as the sixth president of Iran from 2005 to 2013. Ideologically a principlist and nationalist, he was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council and a strong supporter of Iran's nuclear program. He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country, and served as the mayor of Tehran from 2003 to 2005, reversing many of his predecessor's reforms.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3446722", "subject": "Coconut War", "wikipedia_title": "Coconut War", "description": "1980 rebellion in Vanuatu", "summary_extract": "The Coconut War was a brief clash between Papua New Guinean soldiers and rebels in Espiritu Santo shortly before and after the independence of the Republic of Vanuatu was declared on 30 July 1980.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["coup", "oceania"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3470450", "subject": "Sam Bobrick", "wikipedia_title": "Sam Bobrick", "description": "American author, playwright, television writer, and lyricist (1932–2019)", "summary_extract": "Sam Bobrick was an American author, playwright, television writer, and lyricist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q3501386", "subject": "Karel Pavlík", "wikipedia_title": "Karel Pavlík", "description": "Czech warrior (1900-1943)", "summary_extract": "Karel Pavlík was a Czechoslovak Army captain and decorated hero of Czechoslovakia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3518322", "subject": "Terence Otway", "wikipedia_title": "Terence Otway", "description": "British Army officer (1914-2006)", "summary_extract": "Lieutenant Colonel Terence Brandram Hastings Otway DSO, was an officer in the British Army, best known for his role as commander of the paratroop assault on the Merville Battery on D-Day.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3528735", "subject": "Ralph Hungerford", "wikipedia_title": "Ralph Hungerford", "description": "Naval officer and 33rd Governor of American Samoa (1896–1977)", "summary_extract": "Ralph Waldo Hungerford was a United States Navy captain, and the governor of American Samoa from January 27, 1945, to September 3, 1945. He was born April 21, 1896, in Windsor, New York, but moved to Rhode Island later in life. He received appointment to the United States Naval Academy on June 17, 1915. During World War II, he served on the staff of Rear Admiral Adolphus Andrews in defense of the East Coast of the United States; he specialized in antisubmarine warfare. He was awarded the Legion of Merit on January 14, 1943. Hungerford became governor on January 27, 1945, and faced the daunting task of restoring the island to a pre-Pacific War economy. He died in 1977 in Pennsylvania.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["military_officer", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3536143", "subject": "Bandaranaike Airport attack", "wikipedia_title": "Bandaranaike Airport attack", "description": "2001 suicide bombing by Tamil separatists in Negombo, Sri Lanka", "summary_extract": "The Bandaranaike International Airport attack was a commando raid on 24 July 2001 by Black Tigers of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) targeting the Sri Lanka Air Force base SLAF Katunayake and the adjoining Bandaranaike International Airport in Katunayake, Sri Lanka. The attack was one of the boldest the LTTE mounted during its war with the Sri Lankan government, and had a profound impact on the country's military, economy, and airline industry.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q3566640", "subject": "Yekta Uzunoğlu", "wikipedia_title": "Yekta Uzunoğlu", "description": "Turkish writer of Kurdish ancestry (born 1953)", "summary_extract": "Yekta Uzunoğlu is a Kurdish physician, writer, translator and publisher. Born in Silvan, Turkey, he studied medicine at Charles University in Prague and became involved in Kurdish-language publishing and translation. His work has included Kurdish cultural publications, translations from Czech and other languages, and cooperation with Kurdish and literary organizations in Europe. In 2006, he received the František Kriegel Award from the Charter 77 Foundation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q3586311", "subject": "1945 British Columbia general election", "wikipedia_title": "1945 British Columbia general election", "description": "Canadian provincial election", "summary_extract": "The 1945 British Columbia general election was the 21st general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on August 31, 1945, and held on October 25, 1945. The new legislature met for the first time on February 21, 1946.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3586826", "subject": "1970 French cantonal elections", "wikipedia_title": "1970 French cantonal elections", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Cantonale elections to renew canton general councillors were held in France on 8 and 15 March 1970.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3586886", "subject": "1940 Australian federal election", "wikipedia_title": "1940 Australian federal election", "description": "Australian federal election", "summary_extract": "A federal election was held in Australia on 21 September 1940. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Coalition, consisting of the United Australia Party led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies and the Country Party led by Archie Cameron, defeated the opposition Labor Party under John Curtin despite losing the overall two-party-preferred vote.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3588602", "subject": "Émile Laurens", "wikipedia_title": "Émile Laurens", "description": "French politician (1884-1940)", "summary_extract": "Émile Laurens was a French politician born on 29 January 1884 in Réquista (Aveyron) and died on 16 June 1940 in Blois (Loir-et-Cher). He was recognized as having died for France.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3610236", "subject": "1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident", "wikipedia_title": "1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident", "description": "accidental downing of a helicopter in the Falklands War", "summary_extract": "On 6 June 1982, during the Falklands War, the British Royal Navy Type 42 destroyer HMS Cardiff engaged and destroyed a British Army Westland Gazelle helicopter, serial number XX377, in a friendly fire incident, killing all four occupants. Cardiff, on the lookout for aircraft flying supplies to the Argentine forces occupying the Falkland Islands, misidentified the helicopter as an enemy Lockheed C-130 Hercules. The loss of the helicopter was initially blamed on enemy action, but a subsequent inquiry found a missile from the Cardiff to be the cause.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q3619127", "subject": "Antonino Valletta", "wikipedia_title": "Antonino Valletta", "description": "Italian politician", "summary_extract": "Antonino Valletta was an Italian politician. A member of the Labour Federation, the Democrats of the Left, and the Socialist Party, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 1994 to 2001. He died in Isernia on 21 January 2022, at the age of 83.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q362", "subject": "World War II", "wikipedia_title": "World War II", "description": "1939–1945 global conflict", "summary_extract": "World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, the latter enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the only nuclear weapons used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 60 to 75 million people. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides, including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3624294", "subject": "Ed Clark", "wikipedia_title": "Ed Clark", "description": "American lawyer and politician in California", "summary_extract": "Edward Emerson Clark was an American lawyer and politician who ran for governor of California in 1978, and for president of the United States as the nominee of the Libertarian Party in the 1980 presidential election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q364687", "subject": "Jacques Isorni", "wikipedia_title": "Jacques Isorni", "description": "French lawyer and politician (1911-1995)", "summary_extract": "Jacques Isorni (1911–1995) was a French lawyer and memoirist. He came to prominence for his role as defending counsel in a number of cases involving prominent figures on the far right as well as for his own involvement in right wing politics.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3684508", "subject": "State Committee on the State of Emergency", "wikipedia_title": "State Committee on the State of Emergency", "description": "Government organization in USSR in 1991", "summary_extract": "The State Committee on the State of Emergency, abbreviated as GKChP and nicknamed the Gang of Eight, was a self-proclaimed political body in the Soviet Union that existed from 19 to 21 August 1991. It included a group of eight high-level Soviet officials within the Soviet government, the Communist Party, and the KGB, who attempted a coup d'état against Mikhail Gorbachev on 19 August 1991. The coup ultimately failed, with the provisional government collapsing by 22 August 1991 and several of the conspirators being prosecuted by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q371394", "subject": "Bangladesh Liberation War", "wikipedia_title": "Bangladesh Liberation War", "description": "conflict that led to the independence of the majority-Bengali country", "summary_extract": "The Bangladesh Liberation War, also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, was an armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan, which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh with the help of India. The war began when the Pakistani military junta based in West Pakistan—under the orders of Yahya Khan—launched Operation Searchlight against East Pakistanis on the night of 25 March 1971, initiating the Bangladesh genocide.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["conflict", "india", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q371620", "subject": "First Battle of Benghazi", "wikipedia_title": "First Battle of Benghazi", "description": "2011 battle", "summary_extract": "The First Battle of Benghazi was fought between army units and militiamen loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces in February 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. The battle mainly took place in Benghazi, the second-largest city in Libya, with related clashes occurring in the nearby Cyrenaican cities of Bayda and Derna. In Benghazi itself most of the fighting occurred during a siege of the government-controlled Katiba compound.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3722122", "subject": "1956 Italian local elections", "wikipedia_title": "1956 Italian local elections", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1956 Italian local elections were held on 27 and 28 May. The elections were held in 7,141 municipalities and 78 provinces.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3724504", "subject": "Emilio Respighi", "wikipedia_title": "Emilio Respighi", "description": "Italian dermatologist (1860-1936)", "summary_extract": "Emilio Respighi was an Italian dermatologist born in Parma.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q3757020", "subject": "Tom Barry", "wikipedia_title": "Tom Barry (Irish republican)", "description": "Irish soldier and guerrilla leader (1897-1980)", "summary_extract": "Thomas Bernardine Barry (1 July 1897 – 2 July 1980 was an Irish republican. He was a prominent guerrilla leader in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War. Barry is often known for orchestrating the Kilmichael ambush, in which he and his flying column attacked an 18-man patrol of Auxiliaries, killing sixteen men.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3766595", "subject": "Giovanni Battista Borea d'Olmo", "wikipedia_title": "Giovanni Battista Borea d'Olmo", "description": "Italian nobleman and politician (1831–1936)", "summary_extract": "Giovanni Battista Borea d'Olmo was born in Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia on 11 October 1831 and died in Sanremo the 19 October 1936 at 105 years.\nHe was a member of Italian Senate from 18 November 1922 to his death.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q377291", "subject": "Adrien Zeller", "wikipedia_title": "Adrien Zeller", "description": "French politician (1940-2009)", "summary_extract": "Adrien Zeller was State Secretary of the Social Security in the second Jacques Chirac government from 1986 to 1988. He was the president of the regional council of Alsace from 1996 until 2009. He was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was born in Saverne, and died aged 69 of a heart attack in Haguenau.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3808085", "subject": "Jerzy Młynarczyk", "wikipedia_title": "Jerzy Młynarczyk", "description": "Polish basketball player and politician (1931–2017)", "summary_extract": "Jerzy Młynarczyk was a Polish politician and basketball player. He was born in Wilno, Poland. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was professor of law, including principal of University of Business and Administration in Gdynia and served as a Mayor of Gdańsk in 1977–1981. He was also member of the Polish parliament (Sejm) from 2001 to 2005 for the Social Democracy of Poland party.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q382059", "subject": "Afanasy Beloborodov", "wikipedia_title": "Afanasy Beloborodov", "description": "Soviet military commander (1903–1990)", "summary_extract": "Afanasy Pavlantyevich Beloborodov was a general in the Red Army during the Second World War who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Between 1963 and 1968, he commanded the Moscow Military District.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3827238", "subject": "Louis H. Wilson", "wikipedia_title": "Louis H. Wilson Jr.", "description": "officer (1920-2005)", "summary_extract": "Louis Hugh Wilson Jr. was a United States Marine Corps four-star general and a World War II recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Guam. He served as the 26th commandant of the Marine Corps from 1975 until his retirement from the Marine Corps in 1979, after 38 years of service.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q382939", "subject": "Affonso Arinos de Mello Franco", "wikipedia_title": "Affonso Arinos de Mello Franco", "description": "Brazilian diplomat (1930-2020)", "summary_extract": "Affonso Arinos de Mello Franco was a Brazilian diplomat and journalist. He was born in Belo Horizonte on November 11, 1930. His parents were Affonso Arinos de Mello Franco and Anna Guilhermina Pereira de Mello Franco. He was grandnephew of Afonso Arinos. He obtained a Bachelor's Degree in Legal and Social Sciences at the National Faculty of Law from the University of Brazil, in 1949–1953. He as a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3839146", "subject": "Ludovico Spada Veralli Potenziani", "wikipedia_title": "Ludovico Spada Veralli Potenziani", "description": "Italian politician and nobleman (1880–1971)", "summary_extract": "Prince Ludovico Spada Veralli Potenziani was an Italian nobleman. He was born in Rieti. He was the 2nd fascist governor of Rome (1926–1928). He served in the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy. He died in Rome, Italy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3850575", "subject": "Marzio Strassoldo", "wikipedia_title": "Marzio Strassoldo", "description": "Italian politician (1939–2017)", "summary_extract": "Marzio Strassoldo di Graffembergo was the president of the Province of Udine (Italy). He was born in Gorizia. According to a poll of January 2008, he was the least popular president of all of the 105 provinces of Italy. He was forced to resign on 7 December 2007 after a motion of no confidence", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q385546", "subject": "Battle of Alasay", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Alasay", "description": "2009 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Alasay, codenamed Operation Dinner Out, was a military operation carried out by French troops of the Chasseurs Alpins's 27e Battalion and the Afghan National Army (ANA) 1st Kandak (battalion) between 14 and 23 March 2009. Marine Embedded Training Team 6-4, US Army Embedded Training Team 4-3-201, as well as other US units provided air support, both with attack helicopters and A-10 and F-15E strike aircraft. The operation enabled the construction of two bases for the Afghan Army in the Alasay valley, which had been under guerrilla control since 2006.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3884025", "subject": "Battle of Garfagnana", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Garfagnana", "description": "1944 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Garfagnana, known to the Germans as Operation Winter Storm and nicknamed the \"Christmas Offensive\", was a successful Axis offensive against American forces on the western sector of the Gothic Line during World War II. It took place in December 1944 in the north Tuscan Apennines, near Massa and Lucca.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["conflict", "italy"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q39073357", "subject": "Jack Brennan", "wikipedia_title": "Jack Brennan (rugby league)", "description": "English rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Jack Brennan was an English professional rugby league footballer who played as a scrum-half. Born in Wigan, Brennan began his career at Blackpool Borough, and went on to play for Salford and Warrington. He also represented Lancashire.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q3915497", "subject": "final offensive of the Spanish Civil War", "wikipedia_title": "Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War", "description": "1939 campaign in the Iberian Peninsula", "summary_extract": "The final offensive of the Spanish Civil War took place between 26 March and 1 April 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War. On 5 March 1939, the Republican Army, led by Colonel Segismundo Casado and the politician Julián Besteiro, rose against the socialist prime minister Juan Negrín, and formed a military junta, the National Defence Council to negotiate a peace deal. Negrín fled to France but the communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a civil war within the civil war. Casado defeated them and started peace negotiations with the Nationalists. Francisco Franco, however, was willing to accept only an unconditional surrender. On 26 March, the Nationalists started a general offensive and by 31 March, they controlled all of Spanish territory. Hundreds of thousands of Republicans were arrested and interned in concentration camps.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q392950", "subject": "Idlib Governorate clashes", "wikipedia_title": "Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)", "description": "conflict", "summary_extract": "The September 2011 – March 2012 Idlib Governorate clashes were the violent incidents that took place in Idlib Governorate, a province of Syria, from September 2011 and prior to the April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q39472", "subject": "Greensboro massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Greensboro massacre", "description": "massacre", "summary_extract": "The Greensboro massacre was a deadly confrontation that occurred on November 3, 1979, in Greensboro, North Carolina, when members of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and National Socialist Party of America (NSPA) shot and killed five demonstrators in a \"Death to the Klan\" march organized by the Communist Workers Party (CWP).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["massacre", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3964658", "subject": "1969 York Race Riot", "wikipedia_title": "1969 York race riot", "description": "civil unrest in York, Pennsylvania, United States", "summary_extract": "The 1969 York race riot refers to a period of racial unrest in York, Pennsylvania in July 1969. This period of increased racial unrest followed a period of significant racial tension, rioting and racial justice protests that were taking place in multiple cities across Pennsylvania and the nation, during and after the Civil rights movement — actions that had endeavored to abolish multiple forms of legalized institutional racism in the United States through primarily nonviolent methods between 1954 and 1968.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["assassination", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q3967573", "subject": "St Paul's Survives", "wikipedia_title": "St Paul's Survives", "description": "photograph", "summary_extract": "St Paul's Survives is a photograph taken in London during the night air raid of 29–30 December 1940, the 114th night of the Blitz of World War II. It shows St Paul's Cathedral, illuminated by fires and surrounded by the smoke of burning buildings. It was taken by photographer Herbert Mason in the early hours of 30 December, from the roof of Northcliffe House, the offices of the Daily Mail newspaper, on Tudor Street, close to Fleet Street.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q399998", "subject": "Wee Kim Wee", "wikipedia_title": "Wee Kim Wee", "description": "4th President of Singapore (1915–2005)", "summary_extract": "Wee Kim Wee was a Singaporean journalist, diplomat and politician who served as the fourth president of Singapore between 1985 and 1993.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4019839", "subject": "Wilhelm Szewczyk", "wikipedia_title": "Wilhelm Szewczyk", "description": "Polish writer", "summary_extract": "Wilhelm Szewczyk was a Polish writer, poet, literary critic, translator, activist of the National Radical Camp, communist, and member of parliament from the region of Silesia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4065201", "subject": "Tientsin incident", "wikipedia_title": "Tientsin incident", "description": "international incident during the Second Sino-Japanese War", "summary_extract": "The Tientsin incident (天津事件) was an international incident created by a blockade by the Imperial Japanese Army's Japanese North China Area Army of the British settlements in the north China treaty port of Tientsin in June 1939. Originating as a minor administrative dispute, it escalated into a major diplomatic incident.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4074574", "subject": "Mikhail Babushkin", "wikipedia_title": "Mikhail Babushkin", "description": "Soviet polar aviator (1893–1938)", "summary_extract": "Mikhail Babushkin was a Soviet polar aviator and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Together with Mikhail Vodopyanov, he was the first to land an airplane on the North Pole.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4087293", "subject": "Battle of Aghdam", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Aghdam", "description": "first Nagorno-Karabakh War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Aghdam took place on 23 July 1993 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, during which Armenian forces captured the Azerbaijani city of Aghdam. The city of Aghdam, which had about 50,000 inhabitants prior to its capture, is located about 30 km northeast of Stepanakert and 5 km east of the border of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. Armenian forces considered Aghdam as a main staging area of Azerbaijani forces for attacks and artillery strikes against the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh region. A significant part of the surrounding Aghdam District was captured by Armenian forces as well.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4100826", "subject": "Manmeet Bhullar", "wikipedia_title": "Manmeet Bhullar", "description": "Canadian politician (1980–2015)", "summary_extract": "Manmeet Singh Bhullar was a Canadian politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta who represented the constituency of Calgary-Greenway as a Progressive Conservative. He served as a cabinet minister from 2011 until the defeat of the Progressive Conservative government in 2015. He was widely seen as a rising star in the Progressive Conservative caucus. Bhullar was killed when he was struck by a tractor trailer on a road when he went to help a stranded motorist on November 23, 2015.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4114453", "subject": "Russian Navy Ensign", "wikipedia_title": "Ensign of the Russian Navy", "description": "blue saltire on a white field", "summary_extract": "The Russian naval ensign, also known as St. Andrew's flag, was the naval ensign of the Navy of the Russian Empire and of the Navy of the Russian Republic (1917), and is the naval ensign of the Navy of the Russian Federation since 1992, and the naval ensign and war banner of the Russian Navy since 2000.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4147646", "subject": "Aleksandr Grammatin", "wikipedia_title": "Aleksandr Grammatin", "description": "soviet and Russian scientist in the field of computational optics", "summary_extract": "Alexander Panteleimonovich Grammatin was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of computational optics, the developer of the theory and author of the first national program for the automated calculation of computer parameters of optical systems by criteria of image quality. He was the Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, the USSR State Prize laureate (1977) and holder of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1983).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q4163369", "subject": "Mykhailo Dobkin", "wikipedia_title": "Mykhailo Dobkin", "description": "Ukrainian politician", "summary_extract": "Mykhailo Markovych Dobkin is a Ukrainian politician, former governor of Kharkiv Oblast, former mayor of Kharkiv, and a former deputy of the Ukrainian parliament.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["politician", "statesperson"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4178089", "subject": "Battle of Karbala", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Karbala (2003)", "description": "took place during the 2003 invasion of Iraq", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Karbala took place during the 2003 invasion of Iraq as U.S. troops fought to take control of the city from Iraqi forces. The city had been bypassed during the advance on Baghdad, leaving American units to clear it in two days of street fighting against Iraqi Saddam Fedayeen Irregular forces.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2003, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q420192", "subject": "Aklilu Habte-Wold", "wikipedia_title": "Aklilu Habte-Wold", "description": "Ethiopian Prime Minister (1912-1974)", "summary_extract": "Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold was an Ethiopian statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia during the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie I from 1961 to 1974 until his resignation due to the civil and military unrest brought by the student youth uprising and internal pressures of the soon to come military junta. He previously served as foreign minister before his premiership from 1943 to 1958. He was described leading the position of \"Minister of the Pen\" an ex-officio title due to his role as prime minister and handling all the practical leadership roles in the Ethiopian Empire.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4213492", "subject": "Karabakh movement", "wikipedia_title": "Karabakh movement", "description": "1988–1991 mass movement in Armenia", "summary_extract": "The Karabakh movement, also known as the Artsakh movement, was a national liberation movement in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh from 1988 to 1991 that advocated for the reunification of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) – an autonomous enclave within Soviet Azerbaijan – with Soviet Armenia. The movement was motivated by fears of cultural and physical erasure under government policies from Azerbaijan. Throughout the Soviet period, Azerbaijani authorities implemented policies aimed at suppressing Armenian culture and diluting the Armenian majority in Nagorno-Karabakh through various means, including border manipulations, encouraging the exodus of Armenians, and settling Azerbaijanis in the region. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Armenians protested against Azerbaijan's cultural and economic marginalization The concept of reunification (“Miatsum”) was so deeply embedded among Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh that the region was almost universally regarded as an integral part of Armenia rather than a distinct entity.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q423093", "subject": "Alfonso Ortiz Tirado", "wikipedia_title": "Alfonso Ortiz Tirado", "description": "Mexican opera singer and medical doctor", "summary_extract": "Alfonso Ortiz Tirado was an opera singer and medical doctor. His musical talent was apparently evident early in life, but he studied at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria and university to become a doctor. He specialized in gynecology as well as general medicine, and eventually became the personal physician of Frida Kahlo and performed surgery on Agustín Lara. As a musician, he studied under José Pierson and soon afterward had a successful international career as an opera singer, earning the label of \"tenor of the Americas.\" He was often cast for productions of L'elisir d'amore and Madama Butterfly. He earned a large sum of money doing this, and used it to establish a children's hospital in Mexico City. Ortiz died in 1960, and was interred at the Panteón Francés de la Piedad. The Festival de Canto Operístico Alfonso Ortiz Tirado in the state of Sonora was named after him.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q42689461", "subject": "Hélène Barcelo", "wikipedia_title": "Hélène Barcelo", "description": "mathematician", "summary_extract": "Hélène Barcelo is a Canadian mathematician specializing in algebraic combinatorics. Within that field, her interests include combinatorial representation theory, homotopy theory, and arrangements of hyperplanes.\nShe is Professor Emerita of Mathematics at Arizona State University, and Deputy Director Emerita of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI). She was editor-in-chief of the Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, from 2001 to 2009.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q4270162", "subject": "Aleksandr Luchinskiy", "wikipedia_title": "Alexander Luchinsky", "description": "Soviet Army officer", "summary_extract": "Alexander Alexandrovich Luchinsky was an Army General of the Soviet Army and a Hero of the Soviet Union.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4275927", "subject": "Spartak Makovsky", "wikipedia_title": "Spartak Makovsky", "description": "Russian soldier and Hero of the Soviet Union (1920–2000)", "summary_extract": "Spartak Iosifovich Makovsky was a Soviet fighter pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union who became a flying ace during World War II, tallying an estimated 25 solo and three shared shootdowns. He was also awarded the Order of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, 2 Orders of the Patriotic War 1st class, and the Order of the Red Star.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4289107", "subject": "Harry van Doorn", "wikipedia_title": "Harry van Doorn", "description": "Dutch politician (1915–1992)", "summary_extract": "Henri Willem \"Harry\" van Doorn was a Dutch politician of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later co-founder of the Political Party of Radicals (PPR).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4289519", "subject": "Melitopol Offensive", "wikipedia_title": "Melitopol offensive", "description": "1943 Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front of WW2", "summary_extract": "The Melitopol offensive was a successful Soviet offensive operation from September 26 to November 5, 1943, during the Second World War, as part of the second stage of the Battle of the Dnieper. It resulted in the liberation of Melitopol and the entire northern coast of the Sea of Azov.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["conflict", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q42966315", "subject": "Pio Sokobalavu", "wikipedia_title": "Pio Sokobalavu", "description": "Fijian rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Pio Sokobalavu is a Fijian rugby league footballer who plays for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the Intrust Super Premiership. He is a Fiji international.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4299200", "subject": "Siege of Mahilow", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Mogilev", "description": "1941 battle of World War II", "summary_extract": "The siege of Mogilev was a three-week encirclement of Mogilev undertaken by German troops, part of the Battle of Smolensk during World War II. After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, German troops broke through Soviet lines. Mogilev was heavily fortified and bypassed by German tank forces. German infantry steadily reduced the pocket, and by late July, the defending Soviet troops had run out of ammunition and other necessary supplies. As a result, Soviet commander Fyodor Bakunin went against orders and ordered a breakout. A small number of Soviet troops were able to reach Soviet lines, and 35,000 were reported captured by German troops. The defense of Mogilev tied down four German infantry divisions, delaying their attack on Gomel for a week.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4305333", "subject": "Ivan Moshlyak", "wikipedia_title": "Ivan Moshlyak", "description": "Soviet military leader, Hero of the Soviet Union (1907–1981)", "summary_extract": "Ivan Nikonovich Moshlyak was a major general in the Soviet Army who received the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his heroism in the Battle of Lake Khasan during the Soviet–Japanese border conflicts.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4312942", "subject": "Battle of Grozny (March 1996)", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Grozny (March 1996)", "description": "1996 3rd Grozny", "summary_extract": "The Second Battle of Grozny, also known as Operation Retribution, was a three-day surprise attack by Chechen fighters who stormed the capital city of Grozny that was occupied by Russian Armed Forces.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["battle", "russia"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q43135", "subject": "Kevin Rudd", "wikipedia_title": "Kevin Rudd", "description": "26th Prime Minister of Australia", "summary_extract": "Kevin Michael Rudd is an Australian diplomat and former politician who served as the 26th prime minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010 and from June to September 2013, holding office as the leader of the Labor Party. From 2023 to 2026, Rudd was the ambassador of Australia to the United States.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4317499", "subject": "Marc Nerlove", "wikipedia_title": "Marc Nerlove", "description": "American economist (1933–2024)", "summary_extract": "Marc Leon Nerlove was an American agricultural economist and econometrician and a distinguished university professor emeritus in agricultural and resource economics at the University of Maryland. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association (AEA) in 1969 and held appointments at eight different universities from 1958 to 2016. The Clark Medal is awarded to an economist under the age of 40 who “is judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge”, and when the AEA appointed him as a distinguished fellow in 2012, they cited his development of widely used econometric methods across a range of subjects, including supply and demand, time series analysis, production functions, panel analysis, and family demography.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q4336870", "subject": "Kirill Orlovsky", "wikipedia_title": "Kirill Orlovsky", "description": "member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1895-1968)", "summary_extract": "Kirill Prokofyevich Orlovsky was a Soviet partisan commander, a functionary of the Soviet state security agencies (Cheka-GPU-NKVD), and the chairman of a major kolkhoz. He was a recipient of the Hero of the Soviet Union award for courage during fighting the Nazi occupation behind enemy lines.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4346308", "subject": "Georgy Parshin", "wikipedia_title": "Georgy Parshin", "description": "Soviet aviator, test pilot (1916–1956)", "summary_extract": "Georgy Mikhailovich Parshin was an Il-2 pilot in the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. He went on to become a test pilot after the war, but was killed in a plane crash ten years later.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4349014", "subject": "Anu Vehviläinen", "wikipedia_title": "Anu Vehviläinen", "description": "Finnish politician", "summary_extract": "Anu Helena Vehviläinen is a Finnish politician for the Centre Party who served as Speaker of the Finnish Parliament from 2020 to 2022. She has previously held various cabinet positions, including Finland's Minister of Local Government and Public Reforms in the Sipilä Cabinet from 2015 to 2019; Minister of Transport from May to June 2019; and Minister of Transport in the Vanhanen II and Kiviniemi cabinets from 2007 to 2011.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4352718", "subject": "1993 Bishopsgate bombing", "wikipedia_title": "1993 Bishopsgate bombing", "description": "truck bomb attack in London, England which occurred on 24 April 1993", "summary_extract": "On 24 April 1993, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated a powerful truck bomb on Bishopsgate, a major thoroughfare in London's financial district, the City of London. Telephoned warnings were sent about an hour beforehand, but a news photographer was killed in the blast and 44 people were injured, with fatalities minimised due to its occurrence on a Saturday. The blast destroyed the nearby St Ethelburga's church and wrecked Liverpool Street station and the NatWest Tower.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["explosion", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4358497", "subject": "Project National Glory", "wikipedia_title": "Project National Glory", "description": "Republic of China plan to reconquer mainland China from the People's Republic of China", "summary_extract": "Project National Glory or Project Guoguang was a planned attempt by the Republic of China (ROC) to reconquer mainland China from the People's Republic of China (PRC) by large scale amphibious invasion after the Chinese Civil War. Guoguang was the most elaborate of the ROC plans or studies to invade the mainland after 1949. It was initiated in 1961 in response to events involving the PRC, particularly the Great Leap Forward and the Sino-Soviet split. Guoguang was never executed; it required more troops and material than the ROC could muster, and it lacked support from the United States, especially after the PRC developed nuclear weapons and the disastrous naval skirmishes at Dongshan and East Chongwu. The use of a large scale invasion as the initial stage of reunification was effectively abandoned after 1966, although the Guoguang planning organization was not abolished until 1972. The ROC abandoned the policy of using force for reunification in 1990.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4381885", "subject": "Dmitri Protopopov", "wikipedia_title": "Dmitri Protopopov", "description": "Soviet politician (1897–1986)", "summary_extract": "Dmitri Zakharovich Protopopov was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from April 1938 to August 1946. He was a member of the Communist Party since 1917. He was twice awarded the Order of Lenin. He was an ethnic Russian, born in Kostyonki, Voronezh Oblast, Russian Empire.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4438418", "subject": "Battle of P'ohang-dong", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of P'ohang-dong", "description": "1950 battle in the Korean War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of P'ohang-dong was an engagement between the United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces early in the Korean War, with fighting continuing from 5–20 August 1950 around the town of P'ohang-dong, South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the UN after their forces were able to drive off an attempted offensive by three North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA) divisions in the mountainous eastern coast of the country.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4445222", "subject": "Pyotr Suvchinsky", "wikipedia_title": "Pyotr Suvchinsky", "description": "Ukrainian writer (1892-1985)", "summary_extract": "Pyotr Petrovich Suvchinsky, later known as Pierre Souvtchinsky, was a Russian artistic patron and writer on music. The heir to a sugar fortune, he took piano lessons from Felix Blumenfeld and initially hoped to become an operatic tenor. He was the patron and co-publisher of the Saint Petersburg musical journal Muzikalniy sovremennik founded in 1915. He was a friend of Nikolai Myaskovsky, Sergei Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky, and was the real author of the book La poétique musicale, published as by Stravinsky. Suvchinsky emigrated from Russia in 1922 and lived in Berlin and Sofia, where he founded the Russian-Bulgarian Publishing House; then in Paris, where he remained for the rest of his life. He was still active in musical circles and a champion of the music of Olivier Messiaen and Pierre Boulez in the post-war period; he was a co-founder, with Boulez and Jean-Louis Barrault, of the Domaine musical concert series.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q445884", "subject": "Friðrik Ólafsson", "wikipedia_title": "Friðrik Ólafsson", "description": "Icelandic chess player and official (1935–2025)", "summary_extract": "Friðrik Ólafsson was an Icelandic chess grandmaster. He was president of FIDE from 1978 to 1982. He was a six-time Icelandic Chess Champion and a two-time Nordic Chess Champion.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q446534", "subject": "Lyudmila Zhivkova", "wikipedia_title": "Lyudmila Zhivkova", "description": "Bulgarian minister (1942-1981)", "summary_extract": "Lyudmila Todorova Zhivkova was a senior Bulgarian Communist Party functionary and Politburo member. She was the daughter of Bulgarian Communist leader Todor Zhivkov, and primarily known for her interest in preserving and promoting Bulgarian arts and culture on the international stage. Zhivkova was also a controversial figure within the former Soviet Bloc because of her interests in esoteric Eastern religion and spirituality.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4467117", "subject": "Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams", "wikipedia_title": "Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams", "description": "politician, editor (1869–1962)", "summary_extract": "Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova-Williams was a liberal politician, journalist, writer and feminist in Russia during the revolutionary period until 1920. Afterwards, she lived as a writer in Britain (1920–1951) and the United States (1951–1962).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q449445", "subject": "Nikolaos Plastiras", "wikipedia_title": "Nikolaos Plastiras", "description": "soldier and Prime Minister of Greece (1883–1953)", "summary_extract": "Nikolaos Plastiras was a Greek general and politician, who served three times as Prime Minister of Greece. A distinguished soldier known for his personal bravery, he became famous as \"The Black Rider\" during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, where he commanded the 5/42 Evzone Regiment. Due to his fame, he retained his position despite the military reshuffle that commenced after the 1920 elections. After the Greek defeat in the war, along with other Venizelist officers he launched the 11 September 1922 Revolution that deposed King Constantine I of Greece and his government. The military-led government ruled until January 1924, when power was handed over to an elected National Assembly, which later declared the Second Hellenic Republic. In the interwar period, Plastiras remained a devoted Venizelist and republican. Trying to avert the rise of the royalist People's Party and the restoration of the monarchy, he led two coup attempts in 1933 and 1935, both of which failed, hastening the collapse of the Second Republic and forcing Plastiras to exile in France.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q449550", "subject": "Alvor Agreement", "wikipedia_title": "Alvor Agreement", "description": "peace treaty", "summary_extract": "The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975 in Alvor, Portugal, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November and formally ended the 13-year-long Angolan War of Independence.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["peace_conference"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q449929", "subject": "Alwyn Schlebusch", "wikipedia_title": "Alwyn Schlebusch", "description": "South African politician (1917-2008)", "summary_extract": "Alwyn Louis Schlebusch was a South African politician, the only holder of the title Vice State President of South Africa from 1 January 1981 to 14 September 1984. He was an Afrikaner with a surname of German origin. He was born in Lady Grey, Eastern Cape. He was the son of Charel Johannes Schlebusch and Elizabeth Cornelia Myburgh and eldest brother of Charel Johannes Schlebusch, Elsie Cornelia Schlebusch and Anna Christina Schlebusch.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q455186", "subject": "Henk Krol", "wikipedia_title": "Henk Krol", "description": "Dutch politician", "summary_extract": "Henricus Cornelis Maria \"Henk\" Krol is a Dutch journalist, publisher, entrepreneur, activist and politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 2012 to 2013, and again from 2014 to 2021. Having served as the leader of 50PLUS, he left the party in 2020, due to disagreements with the rest of the party's leadership. Since 2023, Krol has been a member of Belang van Nederland (BVNL).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q455716", "subject": "Toivo Mikael Kivimäki", "wikipedia_title": "Toivo Mikael Kivimäki", "description": "Finnish politician (1886-1968)", "summary_extract": "Toivo Mikael Kivimäki, (J.D.), was a Finnish politician of the National Progressive Party who served as the head of the department of civil law at Helsinki University 1931–1956, Prime Minister of Finland 1932–1936, and Finland's Envoy to Berlin 1940–1944.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4569064", "subject": "1957 Ramnad riots", "wikipedia_title": "1957 Ramnad riots", "description": "Series of riots in Ramnad district, India", "summary_extract": "\n\nThe Ramnad riots or the Mudukulathur riots were a series of violent clashes that occurred between July and September 1957 in the Ramnad district and in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The violence was between Maravars, Kudumbars, supporting the Forward Bloc, and pro-Congress, Kudumbars Pallars, and was triggered by a by-election held in the aftermath of the Madras Legislative Assembly elections of earlier that year. 42 Dalits were killed during the riots.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["conflict", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4571501", "subject": "1964 East Pakistan riots", "wikipedia_title": "1964 East Pakistan riots", "description": "massacre and ethnic cleansing of Bengali Hindus from East Pakistan in the wake of an alleged theft of what was believed to be the Prophet's hair from the Hazratbal shrine in Jammu and Kashmir in India", "summary_extract": "The 1964 East Pakistan riots refer to the massacre and ethnic cleansing of Bengali Hindus from East Pakistan in the wake of an alleged theft of what was believed to be the hair of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from the Hazratbal shrine in Jammu and Kashmir in India. The salient feature of the pogroms was its urban nature and selective targeting of Bengali Hindu owned industries and merchant establishments in the capital city of Dhaka. This resulted in unending waves of Bengali Hindu refugees in neighbouring West Bengal. The refugee rehabilitation became a national problem in India, and hundreds of refugees were resettled in Dandakaranya region of Odisha & Madhya Pradesh.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["conflict", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4572480", "subject": "1966 anti-Igbo pogrom", "wikipedia_title": "1966 anti-Igbo pogrom", "description": "series of massacres of Igbo people in Nigeria", "summary_extract": "The 1966 anti-Igbo pogroms were a series of widespread massacres and pogroms committed against Igbo people–and other people of southern Nigerian origin–living in northern Nigeria, starting in May 1966 and reaching its peak after 29 September 1966. Between 8,000 and 30,000 Igbos and easterners have been estimated to have been killed. A further 1 million Igbos fled the Northern Region into the East. In response to the killings, some northerners were massacred in Port Harcourt and other cities in eastern Nigeria. These events led to the secession of the eastern Nigerian region and the declaration of Biafra, which ultimately led to the Nigerian Civil War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["assassination", "conflict", "massacre", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4572771", "subject": "1967 Oil Embargo", "wikipedia_title": "1967 Oil Embargo", "description": "Arab embargo during the Six-Day War", "summary_extract": "The 1967 Oil Embargo began on June 6, 1967, the second day of the Six-Day War, with a joint Arab decision to deter any countries from supporting Israel militarily. Several Middle Eastern countries eventually limited their oil shipments, some embargoing only the United States and the United Kingdom, while others placed a total ban on oil exports. The Oil Embargo did not significantly decrease the amount of oil available in the United States or any affected European countries, due mainly to a lack of solidarity and uniformity in embargoing specific countries. The embargo was effectively ended on September 1 with the issuance of the Khartoum Resolution.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["conflict", "international_relations"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4574675", "subject": "1971 Sudanese coup d'état", "wikipedia_title": "1971 Sudanese coup d'état", "description": "Short-lived communist coup against President Gaafar Nimeiry", "summary_extract": "Major Hashem al-Atta led a coup d'état in Sudan on 19 July 1971 against the government of President Gaafar Nimeiry.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4575470", "subject": "1973 Belmont Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "1973 Belmont Stakes", "description": "105th running of the Belmont Stakes", "summary_extract": "The 1973 Belmont Stakes was the 105th running of the Belmont Stakes at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York, held on June 9, 1973. Facing a field of five horses, Secretariat won by 31 lengths going away, the largest margin of victory in Belmont history, in front of a crowd of 69,138 spectators. His winning time of 2 minutes and 24 seconds still stands as the American record for a mile and a half on dirt. The event was televised and broadcast over the radio.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q4575590", "subject": "1973 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1973 Kentucky Derby", "description": "99th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1973 Kentucky Derby was the 99th running of the Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky. Secretariat won the Derby in a record time of 1:59+2⁄5, 2+1⁄2 lengths ahead of Sham, while Our Native finished in third position. Of the thirteen horses that entered and started the race, all horses completed the event. The event was viewed in person by a then-record crowd of 134,476, while also being broadcast both on television and over the radio.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q4579598", "subject": "Bjørn Skogstad Aamo", "wikipedia_title": "Bjørn Skogstad Aamo", "description": "Norwegian economist and politician", "summary_extract": "Bjørn Skogstad Aamo was a Norwegian economist and politician for the Labour Party. He was State Secretary for three non-consecutive terms between 1973 and 1993, and served as Director of the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway from 1993 to 2011.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q4582317", "subject": "1985 Handsworth riots", "wikipedia_title": "1985 Handsworth riots", "description": "1985 riots in Birmingham, England", "summary_extract": "The second Handsworth riots took place in the Handsworth district of Birmingham, West Midlands, from 9 to 11 September 1985. The riots were reportedly sparked by the arrest of a man near the Acapulco Cafe, Lozells, and a police raid on the Villa Cross public house in the same area. Hundreds of people attacked police and property, looting and smashing, even setting off fire bombs.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["conflict", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4590444", "subject": "1995 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1995 Kentucky Derby", "description": "121st running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1995 Kentucky Derby was the 121st running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 6, 1995. There were 144,110 in attendance. Winning horse Thunder Gulch was the first in Kentucky Derby history to win after starting in the number 16 post.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q4591476", "subject": "1996 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "1996 Kentucky Derby", "description": "122nd running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 1996 Kentucky Derby was the 122nd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 4, 1996. There were 142,668 in attendance. The loss by 7-2 favorite Unbridled's Song marked the 17th year in a row that the betting favorite failed to win the race. The winning horse Grindstone was sired by another Kentucky Derby winner, Unbridled.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q459162", "subject": "Tulip Revolution", "wikipedia_title": "Tulip Revolution", "description": "2005 revolution in Kyrgyzstan", "summary_extract": "The Tulip Revolution, also known as the First Kyrgyz Revolution, led to Kyrgyzstan's then-President Askar Akayev's fall from power. The revolution began after parliamentary elections on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The revolutionaries alleged corruption and authoritarianism by Akayev, his family and supporters. Akayev fled to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. On 4 April 2005, at the Kyrgyz embassy in Moscow, Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on 11 April 2005.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["conflict", "politics"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4593991", "subject": "1998 St. Cloud explosion", "wikipedia_title": "1998 St. Cloud explosion", "description": "1998 Gas Explosion in Minnesota, US", "summary_extract": "The 1998 St. Cloud explosion was a gas explosion that occurred in St. Cloud, Minnesota on December 11, 1998. A work crew installing fiber-optic cable punctured an underground natural gas pipeline, causing the explosion. The blast killed four people, injured 11, and destroyed five buildings. The total damage was estimated at $399,000.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1998, "domains": ["explosion"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q45947568", "subject": "Louise Kenny", "wikipedia_title": "Louise Kenny", "description": "British physician", "summary_extract": "Louise Clare Kenny is a British physician who is a Professor of Fetal and Maternal Health and Pro-Vice-Chancellor at the University of Liverpool. She was elected a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2022 New Year Honours.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q46000", "subject": "Thomas Watson", "wikipedia_title": "Thomas J. Watson Jr.", "description": "American businessman and diplomat (1914-1993)", "summary_extract": "Thomas John Watson Jr. was an American businessman, diplomat, Army Air Forces pilot, and philanthropist. The son of IBM Corporation founder Thomas J. Watson, he was the second IBM president (1952–71), the 11th national president of the Boy Scouts of America (1964–68) and served on the World Scout Committee (1965-1971), and the 16th United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1979–81). He received many honors during his lifetime, including being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Fortune called him \"the greatest capitalist in history\" and Time listed him as one of \"100 most influential people of the 20th century\".", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4600207", "subject": "2002 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "2002 Kentucky Derby", "description": "128th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 2002 Kentucky Derby was the 128th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 4, 2002, and 145,033 people were in attendance. The race was won by War Emblem who led from start to finish.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q4601514", "subject": "2003 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "2003 Kentucky Derby", "description": "129th running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 2003 Kentucky Derby was the 129th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 2003, and was won by longshot Funny Cide. There were 148,530 in attendance.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2003, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q46057", "subject": "1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine", "wikipedia_title": "1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine", "description": "nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine", "summary_extract": "A popular uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine against the British administration, known as the Great Revolt, and later the Great Palestinian Revolt or the Palestinian Revolution, lasted from 1936 until 1939. The movement sought independence from British colonial rule and the end of British support for Zionism, including Jewish immigration and land sales to Jews.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4606492", "subject": "2006 Kentucky Derby", "wikipedia_title": "2006 Kentucky Derby", "description": "132nd running of the Kentucky Derby", "summary_extract": "The 2006 Kentucky Derby was the 132nd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 6, 2006, and was won by Barbaro. There was a crowd of 157,532 in attendance.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q4613829", "subject": "2009 Fijian constitutional crisis", "wikipedia_title": "2009 Fijian constitutional crisis", "description": "2009 crisis in Fiji", "summary_extract": "In April 2009, Fiji underwent a constitutional crisis when the Court of Appeal ruled that the 2006 Fijian coup d'état had been illegal. The Court dismissed the Interim Cabinet led by Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama that had governed Fiji since the coup. However, President Josefa Iloilo announced on a nationwide radio broadcast that he was abrogating the Constitution. He dismissed all judges and constitutional appointees, and reinstated Bainimarama and his cabinet. He also instituted emergency rule which increased police powers and allowed media censorship.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4626051", "subject": "2012 Ljubljana Marshes hot air balloon crash", "wikipedia_title": "2012 Ljubljana Marshes hot air balloon crash", "description": "hot air balloon crash in 2012 in Slovenia", "summary_extract": "On 23 August 2012, a hot air balloon on a commercial sightseeing flight crashed in stormy weather on the Ljubljana Marsh in central Slovenia, killing 6 of the 32 people on board.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q4626147", "subject": "2012 Melbourne Cup", "wikipedia_title": "2012 Melbourne Cup", "description": "Australian horse race", "summary_extract": "The 2012 Emirates Melbourne Cup was the 152nd running of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race. The race, held on Tuesday, 6 November 2012, at Flemington Racecourse, was won by Green Moon, ridden by jockey Brett Prebble, trained by Robert Hickmott, and owned by businessman Lloyd Williams.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4626359", "subject": "2012 Nigeria floods", "wikipedia_title": "2012 Nigeria floods", "description": "disaster in Nigeria", "summary_extract": "The 2012 Nigeria floods began in early July 2012. It killed 363 people and displaced over 2.1 million people as of 5 November 2012. According to the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), 30 of Nigeria's 36 states were affected by the floods and the two most affected areas were Kogi and Benue States. The floods were termed as the worst in 40 years, and affected an estimated total of seven million people. The estimated damages and losses caused by the floods was N2.6 trillion.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["floods"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q463774", "subject": "Elena Udrea", "wikipedia_title": "Elena Udrea", "description": "Romanian politician (1973)", "summary_extract": "Elena Gabriela Udrea is a Romanian politician. An independent who held office while in the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) and then the People's Movement Party (PMP), she was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2016. In successive Emil Boc cabinets, she served as Tourism Minister from 2008 to 2009 and as Regional Development and Tourism Minister from 2009 to 2012. Sentenced to six years in prison for corruption offenses, she sought asylum in Costa Rica in 2018. The following year, she gave up the asylum claim and returned to Romania, where she served a sentence until her release in July 2025.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4667468", "subject": "Abhishek Kapoor", "wikipedia_title": "Abhishek Kapoor", "description": "Indian film director", "summary_extract": "Abhishek Kapoor is an Indian film director, former actor, writer and producer who works in Hindi cinema. He is known for his work in the musical drama Rock On!! (2008), the buddy sports drama Kai Po Che! (2013), the musical romantic drama Fitoor (2016), the romantic disaster film Kedarnath (2018) and the social romantic drama Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui (2021), earning nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Director for Rock On!! and Kai Po Che!.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q4685180", "subject": "Adrian Liddell Hart", "wikipedia_title": "Adrian Liddell Hart", "description": "British soldier, Royal Navy officer, Liberal politician, author and adventurer (1922-1991)", "summary_extract": "Adrian John Liddell Hart (1922–1991) was a British soldier, Royal Navy officer, Liberal Party politician, author and adventurer. He served briefly in the French Foreign Legion and portrayed it in the 1953 book Strange Company.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["military_officer", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4685633", "subject": "Adriel Johnson", "wikipedia_title": "Adriel Johnson", "description": "biologist (1957-2010)", "summary_extract": "Adriel Duland Johnson Sr. was an American biologist and faculty member at the University of Alabama in Huntsville whose research focused on areas of cell biology and nutritional physiology. He was one of three faculty members who were killed in the shooting on the UAH campus on February 12, 2010.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q47015066", "subject": "Ataque de la sinagoga Tiferet Israel", "wikipedia_title": "Tiféret Israel Synagogue attack", "description": "Venezuelan attack on synagogue", "summary_extract": "The Tiféret Israel Synagogue attack was an attack on Caracas, Venezuela's oldest synagogue that took place on the night of 31 January 2009, during Shabbat. The attack occurred amid a rise in tensions prompted by the 2008–2009 Gaza War, after Venezuela severed diplomatic relations with Israel and Israel responded by expelling Venezuelan officials from the country.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4717593", "subject": "Alex Padilla", "wikipedia_title": "Alex Padilla", "description": "United States Senator from California since 2021", "summary_extract": "Alejandro Padilla is an American politician and engineer serving as the senior United States senator from California, a seat he has held since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Padilla served as the 29th secretary of state of California from 2015 to 2021 and was a member of the California State Senate and the Los Angeles City Council.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4720318", "subject": "Alexander Walkden, 1st Baron Walkden", "wikipedia_title": "Alexander Walkden, 1st Baron Walkden", "description": "British politician (1873-1951)", "summary_extract": "Alexander George Walkden, 1st Baron Walkden was a British trade union leader and Labour politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4721502", "subject": "Alexis Nour", "wikipedia_title": "Alexis Nour", "description": "Romanian journalist, author and activist", "summary_extract": "Alexis Nour was a Bessarabian-born Romanian journalist, activist and essayist, known for his advocacy of Romanian-Bessarabian union and his critique of the Russian Empire, but also for controversial political dealings. Oscillating between socialism and Russian nationalism, he was noted as founder of Viața Basarabiei gazette. Eventually affiliated with Romania's left-wing form of cultural nationalism, or Poporanism, Nour was a long-term correspondent of the Poporanist review Viața Românească. Publicizing his conflict with the Russian authorities, he settled in the Kingdom of Romania, where he openly rallied with the Viața Românească group.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4731531", "subject": "Allen Bathurst, Lord Apsley", "wikipedia_title": "Allen Bathurst, Lord Apsley", "description": "British politician (1895-1942)", "summary_extract": "Allen Algernon Bathurst, Lord Apsley, DSO, MC, TD, DL was a British Army officer and Conservative Party politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4750398", "subject": "Ana Lucía Reis", "wikipedia_title": "Ana Lucía Reis", "description": "Bolivian politician", "summary_extract": "Ana Lucía Reis is a Bolivian politician, Mayor of Cobija, and owner of an ecological hotel. She is affiliated with the Movement for Socialism (MAS). She started her career as a Congressional deputy representing the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, elected in 2002, but changed to the MAS in 2005 and was re-elected for this party. She won the 2010 mayoral election in Cobija with 53.7% of the vote, the highest vote for any of the mayors in the main cities.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4758691", "subject": "Andrew Taylor", "wikipedia_title": "Andrew Taylor (architect)", "description": "architect (1850-1937)", "summary_extract": "Sir Andrew Thomas Taylor, JP, RCA, FSA, FRIBA was a British architect and councillor. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and practised architecture in Scotland and London before emigrating to Montreal, Quebec, in 1883, where he designed many of the buildings of McGill University. He retired from architecture in 1904 and returned to London, where he served on London County Council from 1908 to 1926. He was knighted for his political services in 1926.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4761940", "subject": "Angami Zapu Phizo", "wikipedia_title": "Zapu Phizo", "description": "Indian activist", "summary_extract": "Zapu Phizo, universally known as A. Z. Phizo or Angami Zapu Phizo, was a Naga political leader, independence activist, and the president of the Naga National Council (NNC) who devoted his entire adult life to the cause of sovereign Naga statehood. Born in the hill village of Khonoma in what is now Nagaland, he rose from relative obscurity within the early Naga political movement to become its most uncompromising and internationally recognised voice. Under his leadership the NNC declared Naga independence on 14 August 1947, one day before India gained its own independence from British colonial rule, and subsequently conducted a plebiscite in 1951 in which the overwhelming majority of participating Nagas stated their desire to remain a free and sovereign nation. When peaceful engagement with the Indian government broke down irrevocably in the mid-1950s, Phizo established an armed underground administration, the Federal Government of Nagaland, and later made a clandestine journey to the West to place the Naga case before the international community. He spent the final three decades of his life in exile in London, where he continued to press the Naga cause through diplomacy, journalism, and public advocacy until his death in 1990. Nagas across the political spectrum regard him as the \"Father of the Naga Nation.\"", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4766415", "subject": "Ann Goldstein", "wikipedia_title": "Ann Goldstein (curator)", "description": "Museum curator", "summary_extract": "Ann Goldstein (1957) is an American curator currently serving as deputy director and chair of modern and contemporary art at the Art Institute of Chicago. Goldstein formerly served as a curator at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, and as museum director of the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q47667", "subject": "Hu Shih", "wikipedia_title": "Hu Shih", "description": "Chinese scholar, writer and philosopher (1891–1962)", "summary_extract": "Hu Shih was a Chinese academic, writer, diplomat, and politician. Hu contributed to Chinese liberalism and language reform, and was a leading advocate for the use of written vernacular Chinese. He participated in the May Fourth Movement and China's New Culture Movement. He was a president of Peking University and Academia Sinica.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4777618", "subject": "António Vicente Campinas", "wikipedia_title": "António Vicente Campinas", "description": "Portuguese writer", "summary_extract": "António Vicente Campinas (1910–1998) was a Portuguese poet from Algarve. His works include the book Raiz da Serenidade.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1998, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q477958", "subject": "February 26 Incident", "wikipedia_title": "February 26 incident", "description": "failed 1936 coup d'état in Japan", "summary_extract": "The February 26 incident , also known as the 2–26 incident, was an attempted coup d'état in the Empire of Japan on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) officers with the goal of purging the government and military leadership of their factional rivals and ideological opponents.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["conflict", "coup", "japan"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4785942", "subject": "Archer Baldwin", "wikipedia_title": "Archer Baldwin", "description": "British politician (1883-1966)", "summary_extract": "Sir Archer Ernest Baldwin MC was a farmer and British Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4787985", "subject": "Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia", "wikipedia_title": "Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia", "description": "Indian writer", "summary_extract": "\nArdeshir Ruttonji Wadia (1888–1971) was an author from India who was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1961 by Government of India for his contribution to literature. He was born in Mumbai in 1888 and studied law. A Parsee, he was educated at St Xavier's College, Wilson College, St Catherine's College, Oxford, and Cambridge University. From 1917 to 1942 he served as Professor and, for 3 years, as Dean at the University of Mysore. He served as a member of Mysore Legislative Council from 1930 to 1931 and from 1942 to 1943. He was a nominated member of Rajya Sabha from 1954 to 1966. He died in 1971.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["author", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing", "politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4794285", "subject": "Felicia Stewart", "wikipedia_title": "Felicia Stewart", "description": "American doctor", "summary_extract": "Felicia H. Stewart (1943–2006) was a women's health physician and expert in the field of reproductive health.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q4799383", "subject": "Arthur Koehler", "wikipedia_title": "Arthur Koehler", "description": "American scientist", "summary_extract": "Arthur Koehler (1885–1967) was a chief wood technologist at the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, and was important in the development of wood forensics in the 1930s through his role in the investigation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. Koehler's particular research interest in the identification, cellular structure and growth of wood gave him the specific training and abilities necessary for the careful examination of the ladder which had been used by the abductor of Charles Lindbergh Jr., aged twenty months, and the tracing of the ladder to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. Koehler, from there, traced the wood of the ladder to a Bronx lumber yard.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q4802426", "subject": "Arvid Johanson", "wikipedia_title": "Arvid Johanson", "description": "Norwegian politician", "summary_extract": "Arvid Helmer Johanson was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour Party. He served five full terms in the Parliament of Norway, was Norway's second Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 1980 to 1981, and outside politics he spent most of his career in the newspaper Halden Arbeiderblad.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q4852984", "subject": "Baltimore police strike", "wikipedia_title": "Baltimore police strike", "description": "1974 labor action", "summary_extract": "The Baltimore Police Strike was a 1974 labor action conducted by officers of the Baltimore Police Department. Striking officers sought better wages and changes to BPD policy. They also expressed solidarity with Baltimore municipal workers, who were in the midst of an escalating strike action that began on July 1. On July 7, police launched a campaign of intentional misbehavior and silliness; on July 11 they began a formal strike. The department reported an increase in fires and looting, and the understaffed BPD soon received support from Maryland State Police. The action ended on July 15, when union officials negotiated an end to both strikes. The city promised police officers a wage increase in 1975, but refused amnesty for the strikers. Police Commissioner Donald Pomerleau revoked the union's collective bargaining rights, fired its organizers, and pointedly harassed its members.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1974, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4870376", "subject": "Battle of Ba Gia", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Ba Gia", "description": "Phase 1 of Campaign Ba Gia last from May 28 to July 20 1965", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Ba Gia was a major battle that marked the beginning of the Viet Cong's (VC) Summer Offensive of 1965, during the early phases of the Vietnam War. The battle took place in Quảng Ngãi Province, South Vietnam, between 28 and 31 May 1965.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4870626", "subject": "Battle of Campo Grande", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Campo Grande", "description": "1933 battle of the Chaco War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Campo Grande was a major engagement during the Chaco War, in the southern region of the Chaco Boreal. During this battle, the Paraguayan Army successfully encircled two Bolivian regiments defending two of the three flanks of Fort Alihuatá, forcing them to surrender.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4870834", "subject": "Battle of Dalushan Islands", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Dalushan Islands", "description": "1953 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Dalushan Islands (大鹿山等岛战斗) took place between the nationalists and the communists for several islands and islets just off the coast of Zhejiang, China during aftermath of the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era; it resulted in a communist victory.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["battle", "china"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871076", "subject": "Battle of Ganjgal", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Ganjgal", "description": "2009 battle of the War in Afghanistan", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Ganjgal took place during the War in Afghanistan between American and Afghan forces and the Taliban in Kunar Province, Afghanistan on September 8, 2009. Complaints that the coalition casualties were avoidable and caused by a failure of the chain of command to provide fire support for the team triggered an official investigation and a series of reprimands to several US military officers. Army Captain William D. Swenson and Marine Corporal Dakota Meyer received the Medal of Honor for their actions during the battle. Meyer is the first living Marine to receive the Medal of Honor since the Vietnam War, and Swenson is the fifth living soldier and second officer to receive the Medal of Honor since the Vietnam War. Two other Marines at the battle, Staff Sgt. Juan Rodriguez-Chavez and Capt. Ademola Fabayo, received the Navy Cross.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871088", "subject": "Battle of Genale Doria", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Ganale Doria", "description": "1936 battle of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Ganale Doria took place in 1936 during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. It was fought on the \"southern front\". The battle consisted largely of air attacks by the Italian Royal Air Force, under the command of General Rodolfo Graziani, against an advancing and then withdrawing Ethiopian army under Ras Desta Damtu. The battle was primarily fought in the area along the Genale Doria River valley between Dolo and Negele Boran.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871165", "subject": "Battle of Gurun", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Gurun", "description": "1941 minor engagement of the Malayan Campaign in World War II", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Gurun was a minor engagement between the Japanese and Commonwealth forces during the Malayan Campaign of the Second World War. The battle occurred when the 11th Indian Division attempted to slow down the Japanese advance after the disastrous Battle of Jitra at a position 3 miles north of the village of Gurun.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871179", "subject": "Battle of Haeju", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Haeju", "description": "small naval battle during the Korean War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Haeju was a small naval battle during the main phase of the Korean War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871194", "subject": "Battle of Hat Dich", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Hat Dich", "description": "1968 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Hat Dich was a series of military actions fought between an allied contingent, including the 1st Australian Task Force and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong (VC) during the Vietnam War. Under the code name Operation Goodwood, two battalions from 1 ATF deployed away from their base in Phước Tuy Province, operating against suspected PAVN/VC bases in the Hat Dich area, in western Phước Tuy, south-eastern Biên Hòa and south-western Long Khánh provinces as part of a large allied sweep known as Operation Toan Thang II. The Australians and New Zealanders conducted sustained patrolling throughout the Hat Dich and extensively ambushed tracks and river systems in the Rung Sat Special Zone, occupying a series of fire support bases as operations expanded. Meanwhile, American, South Vietnamese and Thai forces also operated in direct support of the Australians as part of the division-sized action.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871197", "subject": "Battle of Hayes Pond", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Hayes Pond", "description": "1958 armed confrontation between Ku Klux Klan members and Lumbee Native Americans", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Hayes Pond, also known as the Battle of Maxton Field or the Maxton Riot, was an armed confrontation between members of a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) organization and Lumbee people at a Klan rally near Maxton, North Carolina, United States, on the night of January 18, 1958. The clash resulted in the disruption of the rally and a significant amount of media coverage praising the Lumbees and condemning the Klansmen.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871207", "subject": "Battle of Hellzapoppin Ridge and Hill 600A", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Hellzapoppin Ridge and Hill 600A", "description": "1943 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Hellzapoppin Ridge and Hill 600A consisted of a series of engagements fought in mid-December 1943 on Bougainville between forces of the United States Marine Corps and the Imperial Japanese Army. Although minor in terms of casualties and in comparison to other battles in the Bougainville campaign, the battle was the last significant action undertaken by the 3rd Marine Division on the island before they were replaced by United States Army soldiers from XIV Corps. It resulted in the capture of the two positions by the Marines with the support of artillery and aircraft, and the withdrawal of the Japanese forces as the American perimeter, which had been established around Torokina in November, was expanded towards the Torokina River.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["conflict", "japan"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871265", "subject": "Battle of Ichogil Bund", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Ichogil Bund", "description": "Skirmish of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Ichogil Bund also known as the Battle of BRB Canal was a skirmish fought from 22 to 23 September 1965 as part of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 by the 9th Battalion Madras Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel B.K. Satyan.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871316", "subject": "Battle of Jaworow", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Jaworów", "description": "1939 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Jaworów was fought between the German forces and elements of the Polish Małopolska Army during the German Invasion of Poland. It took place from 14 to 16 September 1939 in the vicinity of the town of Jaworów. In the effect of a two-day assault, the Polish forces broke through the German line of defence on their way towards the city of Lwów. The engagement is best known for the destruction of one battalion of three battalions of SS-Germania regiment together with the capture of the heavy equipment of the entire regiment.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871689", "subject": "Battle of Masan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Masan", "description": "1950 engagement between United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Masan was an engagement between United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces, which took place early in the Korean War between August 5 and September 19, 1950, in the vicinity of Masan and the Naktong River in southeastern South Korea. It was part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the UN after large numbers of United States Army (US) troops were able to repel the repeated attacks of two Korean People's Army (KPA) divisions.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871801", "subject": "Battle of Mount Harriet", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Mount Harriet", "description": "1982 engagement of the Falklands War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Mount Harriet was an engagement of the Falklands War, which took place on the night of 11/12 June 1982 between British and Argentine forces. It was one of three battles in a Brigade-size operation all on the same night, the other two being the Battle of Mount Longdon and the Battle of Two Sisters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4871937", "subject": "Battle of Old Baldy", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Old Baldy", "description": "1952 battle of the Korean War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Old Baldy was a series of five engagements for Hill 266 in west-central Korea. They occurred over a period of 10 months in 1952–1953, though there was also vicious fighting both before and after these engagements.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4872216", "subject": "Battle of Rumaila", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Rumaila", "description": "engagement that took place on March 2, 1991", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Rumaila, also known as the Battle of the Causeway or the Battle of the Junkyard, was a controversial attack that took place on March 2, 1991, two days after President Bush declared a ceasefire, near the Rumaila oil field in the Euphrates Valley of southern Iraq, when the U.S. Army forces, mostly the 24th Infantry Division under Major General Barry McCaffrey engaged and nearly annihilated a large column of withdrawing Iraqi Republican Guard armored forces during the immediate aftermath of the Gulf War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4872256", "subject": "Battle of Samawah", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Samawah", "description": "2003 battle in the US-Iraq war", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Samawah took place during the 2003 invasion of Iraq as American troops fought to clear the city of Iraqi forces. The city had been bypassed during the advance on Baghdad, leaving the task of clearing it to American paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne Division with mechanized infantry and armor provided by units of the 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment, and 2-70th Armor Battalions, along with 3rd platoon 59th Chemical Company tasked with finding and removing any potential chemical or biological weapons. The battle was the largest sustained urban combat that paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne had been involved in since World War II.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2003, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4872319", "subject": "Battle of Saraqib", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Saraqib", "description": "2012 battle of the Syrian Civil War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Saraqeb started eleven days after the victory of the Syrian Army in the Battle of Idlib of March 2012, where they took back the main city of Idlib province. Saraqib was considered an important strategic point because of its size, being the second largest city of the province, and its geographic position at the junction of two highways going to Aleppo: one going south towards Hama, Homs and Damascus, and one going west towards Latakia. It was also used as a base to launch attacks on military convoys.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4872414", "subject": "Battle of Song Be", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Sông Bé", "description": "1965 battle during the Vietnam War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Sông Bé was a major action between the Viet Cong (VC) and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in May 1965.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4872690", "subject": "Battle of Vinh Yen", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Vĩnh Yên", "description": "1951 major engagement of the First Indochina War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Vĩnh Yên which occurred from 13 to 17 January 1951, was a major engagement in the First Indochina War between the French Union and the communist Việt Minh. The French Union forces, including the French Armed Forces and Vietnamese National Army, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Việt Minh forces, which were commanded by Võ Nguyên Giáp. This victory of the French Union against the communists marked a turn in the tide of the war, which was previously characterized by a number of Việt Minh victories.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "vietnam"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4873203", "subject": "Battles of Kfar Darom", "wikipedia_title": "Battles of Kfar Darom", "description": "military battles between Haganah and Arab forces", "summary_extract": "The Battles of Kfar Darom refer to a number of military engagements in 1947–1948 between the Jewish Haganah and various Arab forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, in the southern kibbutz Kfar Darom. The most notable battles were fought on May 13–15, 1948, between the Palmach and the Egyptian army, including Muslim Brotherhood units. The kibbutz was defended by about 30 Israelis and held out against numerous attacks.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1947, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q48773720", "subject": "Battle of Lukaya", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Lukaya", "description": "1979 battle of the Uganda–Tanzania War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Lukaya was a battle of the Uganda–Tanzania War. It was fought on 10 and 11 March 1979 around Lukaya, Uganda, between Tanzanian forces and Ugandan government forces. After briefly occupying the town, Tanzanian troops and Ugandan rebels retreated under artillery fire. The Tanzanians subsequently launched a counterattack, retaking Lukaya and killing hundreds of Libyans and Ugandans.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q48846063", "subject": "1944 United States presidential election in Delaware", "wikipedia_title": "1944 United States presidential election in Delaware", "description": "election in Delaware", "summary_extract": "The 1944 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 7, 1944, as part of the 1944 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q489561", "subject": "Battle of Heartbreak Ridge", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Heartbreak Ridge", "description": "1951 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Heartbreak Ridge, also known as the Battle of Wendengli, was a month-long battle in the Korean War which took place between 13 September and 15 October 1951. After withdrawing from Bloody Ridge, the Korean People's Army (KPA) set up new positions just 1,500 yards (1,400 m) away on a 7-mile (11 km) long hill mass. If anything, these defenses were even more formidable than on Bloody Ridge.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q49097", "subject": "1948 Palestine war", "wikipedia_title": "1948 Palestine war", "description": "first war of the Arab–Israeli conflict", "summary_extract": "The 1948 Palestine war was fought in the territory of what had been, at the start of the war, British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. It began as a civil war between the Arab and Jewish communities following the United Nations Partition Plan and became an international conflict with the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, the termination of the British mandate, and the entry of the armies of neighbouring Arab states into Palestine. During the war, Zionist forces conquered about 78% of the former territory of the mandate, causing the expulsion and flight of over 700,000 Palestinians. Transjordan took control of the territory west of the Jordan River and Egypt occupied the coastal territory around Gaza. The war formally ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which established the Green Line de facto borders of the State of Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. It was the first war of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the broader Arab–Israeli conflict.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["conflict", "israel", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4919168", "subject": "Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977–1978", "wikipedia_title": "UMW Bituminous coal strike of 1977–1978", "description": "United States coal strike", "summary_extract": "The Bituminous coal strike of 1977–1978 was a 110-day national coal strike in the United States led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). It began December 6, 1977, and ended on March 19, 1978. It is generally considered a successful union strike, although the contract was not beneficial to union members.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1977, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q4932144", "subject": "Bob Cotton", "wikipedia_title": "Bob Cotton", "description": "Australian politician and diplomat", "summary_extract": "Sir Robert Carrington Cotton, was an Australian politician and diplomat. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served as a Senator for New South Wales from 1966 to 1978. He held ministerial office as Minister for Civil Aviation (1969–1972), Science and Consumer Affairs (1975), and Industry and Commerce (1975–1977). He later served as Consul-General in New York (1978–1982) and Ambassador to the United States (1982–1985).", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q493252", "subject": "Battle of Chonan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Chonan", "description": "1950 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Chonan was the third engagement between United States and North Korean forces during the Korean War. It occurred on the night of July 7/8, 1950, in the town of Chonan in western South Korea. The fight ended in a North Korean victory after intense fighting around the town, which occurred throughout the night and into the morning.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q49413597", "subject": "Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)", "wikipedia_title": "Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)", "description": "2018 military offensive", "summary_extract": "The Rif Dimashq offensive , code-named Operation Damascus Steel, was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) in February 2018 in a bid to capture the rebel-held eastern Ghouta suburb during the Syrian civil war. East Ghouta, a pocket of towns and farms, had been under government siege since 2013 and had been a major rebel stronghold in the vicinity of the capital of Damascus. According to the United Nations, nearly 400,000 people live in East Ghouta.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2018, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q496124", "subject": "Andreas Bethmann", "wikipedia_title": "Andreas Bethmann", "description": "German film director, producer, and writer", "summary_extract": "Andreas Bethmann is a German film director, producer, and screenwriter. Beginning his career making horror films, Bethmann moved on to hardcore pornography in the late 1990s, and then to fusions of the two genres, which typically feature prolonged scenes of rape, torture, and gore. His style of filmmaking has been compared to those of Joe D'Amato and Jesús Franco.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q4999445", "subject": "1985 Burmese general election", "wikipedia_title": "1985 Burmese general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Burma between 6 and 20 October 1985. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) as the sole legal party. The BSPP won all 489 seats in the People's Assembly. The elections were the last to be held before the 8888 Uprising, the dissolution of the BSPP and the abolition of the People's Assembly.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q50005", "subject": "Giulio Andreotti", "wikipedia_title": "Giulio Andreotti", "description": "Italian politician and statesman (1919–2013)", "summary_extract": "Giulio Andreotti was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st prime minister of Italy in seven governments. He was leader of the Christian Democracy party and its conservative faction; he was the sixth-longest-serving prime minister since the Italian unification and the second-longest-serving post-war prime minister. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the First Republic.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5006650", "subject": "C. L. Upton", "wikipedia_title": "Charles L. Upton", "description": "American football coach (1870-1936)", "summary_extract": "Charles Louis Upton was an American physician and college football coach. He was the fourth head football coach at Vanderbilt University, serving for one season, in 1895, and compiling a record of 5–3–1. Upton was born on September 10, 1870, in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts. He graduated from Amherst College and received a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania. Upton practiced medicine in Massachusetts. He died at his home in Greenfield, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1936.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q501803", "subject": "William Oswald Mills", "wikipedia_title": "William Oswald Mills", "description": "American politician (1924-1973)", "summary_extract": "William Oswald Mills Sr., was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971, until his death in Easton, Maryland, on May 24, 1973.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q502110", "subject": "John Kerstens", "wikipedia_title": "John Kerstens", "description": "Dutch former politician", "summary_extract": "Johannes Wilhelmus Maria \"John\" Kerstens is a Dutch politician and former trade union leader. As a member of the Labour Party he was an MP between 20 September 2012 and 23 March 2017.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5027860", "subject": "Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northern Guangdong", "wikipedia_title": "Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northern Guangdong", "description": "1950 military campaign", "summary_extract": "The Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northern Guangdong was a counter-guerrilla / counterinsurgency campaign the communists fought against the nationalist guerrilla that was mostly consisted of bandits and nationalist regular troops left behind after the nationalist government withdrew from mainland China. The campaign was fought during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era, and resulted in communist victory. This campaign is part of the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Guangdong.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["china", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5027868", "subject": "Campaign to Suppress Bandits in the Border Region of Hunan–Hubei–Sichuan", "wikipedia_title": "Campaign to Suppress Bandits in the Border Region of Hunan–Hubei–Sichuan", "description": "1950 counter-guerrilla/counterinsurgency campaign in China", "summary_extract": "Campaign to Suppress Bandits in the Border Region of the Hubei-Hunan-Sichuan (湘鄂川边剿匪) was a counter-guerrilla/counterinsurgency campaign that the Communists fought against the Kuomintang guerrilla left behind after the nationalist government withdrew from mainland China. The campaign was actually fought after the Chinese Civil War was declared over by the PRC in Beijing a year earlier, and took place in the border regions of the following three Chinese provinces: Hubei, Hunan, and Sichuan, and resulted in communist victory. This campaign was part of Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Central and Southern China.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["china", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q503580", "subject": "Dan Boren", "wikipedia_title": "Dan Boren", "description": "American politician", "summary_extract": "David Daniel Boren is an American businessman and retired politician who serves as the Secretary of Commerce for the Chickasaw Nation. Prior to this, he served as the U.S. representative for Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district from 2005 to 2013. The district included most of the eastern part of the state outside of Tulsa. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He also served as a state representative in the 28th district of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q505581", "subject": "Brian Higgins", "wikipedia_title": "Brian Higgins", "description": "U.S. Representative from New York", "summary_extract": "Brian Michael Higgins is an American former politician who was the U.S. representative for New York's 26th congressional district, from 2005 until 2024. The district, numbered as the 27th district from 2005 to 2013 and as the 26th from 2013 to 2024, included Buffalo and Niagara Falls, along with some surrounding urban and suburban areas. Higgins is a member of the Democratic Party, and of several congressional committees and caucuses. He was born and raised Buffalo, New York, before obtaining a bachelor's and master's from Buffalo State College and an MPA from Harvard University.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5064130", "subject": "2008 Ceredigion County Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2008 Ceredigion County Council election", "description": "2008 Welsh local government election", "summary_extract": "The 2008 election to Ceredigion County Council was held on 1 May 2008 along with elections to other Welsh councils, plus the London Mayor and Assembly Elections, Metropolitan English councils and Non Metropolitan English councils elections. All 42 council seats were up for election. It was preceded by the 2004 election and followed by the 2012 election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5066829", "subject": "Chagai-II", "wikipedia_title": "Chagai-II", "description": "nuclear test in Pakistan, 1998", "summary_extract": "Chagai-II is the codename assigned to the second atomic test conducted by Pakistan, carried out on 30 May 1998 in the Kharan Desert in Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Chagai-II took place two days after Pakistan's first successful test, Chagai-I, which was carried out on 28 May 1998 in the Ras Koh area in Chagai District, Balochistan, Pakistan.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1998, "domains": ["explosion", "science"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5077004", "subject": "Charles Duncombe, 3rd Earl of Feversham", "wikipedia_title": "Charles Duncombe, 3rd Earl of Feversham", "description": "British politician (1906-1963)", "summary_extract": "\nCharles William Slingsby \"Sim\" Duncombe, 3rd Earl of Feversham DSO, styled the Hon. Charles Duncombe until 1915 and then Viscount Helmsley until he succeeded his father in 1916, was a British Conservative politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5079968", "subject": "Charles L. McCawley", "wikipedia_title": "Charles L. McCawley", "description": "American Marine Corps general", "summary_extract": "Charles Laurie McCawley was an American officer who served in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War and World War I. He was one of only 23 Marine Corps officers awarded the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5082226", "subject": "Charles Russell Bardeen", "wikipedia_title": "Charles Russell Bardeen", "description": "American physician and anatomist", "summary_extract": "Charles Russell Bardeen was an American physician and anatomist and the first dean of the University of Wisconsin Medical School.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q5082286", "subject": "Charles S. Schepke", "wikipedia_title": "Charles S. Schepke", "description": "United States Navy Medal of Honor recipient", "summary_extract": "Charles Stephen Schepke was a gunner's mate first class serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5124460", "subject": "Civil Defence Corps", "wikipedia_title": "Civil Defence Corps", "description": "British civil defence organisation (1949-1968)", "summary_extract": "The Civil Defence Corps (CDC) was a civilian volunteer organisation established in Great Britain in 1949 to mobilise and take local control of the affected area in the aftermath of a major national emergency, principally envisaged as being a Cold War nuclear attack. By March 1956, the Civil Defence Corps had 330,000 personnel. It was stood down in Great Britain in 1968. Many other countries maintain a national Civil Defence Corps, including the Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps and the Civil Defence Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. These corps usually have a wide brief for assisting in large scale civil emergencies such as flood, earthquake, invasion, or civil disorder.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["disestablishments", "military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5128620", "subject": "Claud Ashton Jones", "wikipedia_title": "Claud Ashton Jones", "description": "United States Navy Medal of Honor recipient (1885-1948)", "summary_extract": "Claud Ashton Jones was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, and a Medal of Honor recipient.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5145007", "subject": "Colin Coote", "wikipedia_title": "Colin Coote", "description": "British politician (1893-1979)", "summary_extract": "Sir Colin Reith Coote, DSO was a British journalist and Liberal politician. For fourteen years he was the editor of The Daily Telegraph.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5147882", "subject": "1953 Colombian coup d'état", "wikipedia_title": "1953 Colombian coup d'état", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1953 Colombian coup d'état was the coup followed by seizing of power, by Colombia's commander in chief Gustavo Rojas Pinilla on June 13, 1953. Colombia was ruled by Rojas Pinilla's military dictatorship until the Colombian coup of May 10, 1957, when he was forced to step down and hand over power to a military junta.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q51506", "subject": "Richard Attenborough", "wikipedia_title": "Richard Attenborough", "description": "British actor (1923–2014)", "summary_extract": "Sir Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough was an English actor, film director, and producer. He won a total of two Academy Awards, six BAFTA Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards for his directing and acting career spanning seven decades. He was knighted in 1976 for services to film and in 1983 he received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5153091", "subject": "Melodifestivalen 1993", "wikipedia_title": "Melodifestivalen 1993", "description": "1993 television programme", "summary_extract": "Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 with the song \"Eloise\", composed by Lasse Holm, with lyrics by Gert Lengstrand, and performed by the dansband Arvingarna. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1993.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q51583083", "subject": "Susan Rita Schrepfer", "wikipedia_title": "Susan Schrepfer", "description": "American environmental historian (1941-2014)", "summary_extract": "Susan Rita Schrepfer (1941–2014) was an American environmental historian.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q515924", "subject": "Don Dunstan", "wikipedia_title": "Don Dunstan", "description": "Australian politician (1926–1999)", "summary_extract": "Donald Allan Dunstan was an Australian politician who served as the 35th premier of South Australia from 1967 to 1968, and again from 1970 to 1979. He was a member of the House of Assembly (MHA) for the division of Norwood from 1953 to 1979, and leader of the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party from 1967 to 1979. Before becoming premier, Dunstan served as the 38th attorney-general of South Australia and the treasurer of South Australia. He is the fourth longest serving premier in South Australian history.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q51846024", "subject": "2018 Armenian Revolution", "wikipedia_title": "2018 Armenian Revolution", "description": "protests against Prime Minister Sersch Sargsyan and the government in Armenia in April and May 2018", "summary_extract": "The 2018 Armenian Revolution, most commonly known in Armenia as #MerzhirSerzhin, was a series of anti-government protests in Armenia from April to May 2018 staged by various political and civil groups led by a member of the Armenian parliament – Nikol Pashinyan. Protests and marches took place initially in response to Serzh Sargsyan's third consecutive term as the most powerful figure in the government of Armenia, later broadening against the ruling Republican Party, who were in power since 1999. Pashinyan declared it a Velvet Revolution.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2018, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5200472", "subject": "Cypriot S-300 crisis", "wikipedia_title": "Cypriot S-300 crisis", "description": "political standoff between Cyprus and Turkey", "summary_extract": "The Cypriot S-300 crisis was a tense and rapidly escalating political standoff between the Republic of Cyprus and the Republic of Turkey between early 1997 and late 1998. The confrontation was sparked by Cypriot plans to install two Russian-made S-300 air-defence missile sites on their territory, provoking Turkey into threatening an attack or even all-out war if the missiles were not returned to Russia. The missile deal with Russia represented the Cyprus government's first serious attempt at building a credible air defence system after years of Turkish superiority in the air. The crisis effectively ended in December 1998 with the decision of the Cypriot government to transfer the S-300s to Greece's Hellenic Air Force in exchange for alternative weapons from Greece. The crisis also led to the collapse of Cyprus's coalition government. Greece's Hellenic Air Force installed the system on the island of Crete and as of 2000 the S-300s still operate there.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1997, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5203725", "subject": "D. M. Nanjundappa", "wikipedia_title": "D. M. Nanjundappa", "description": "Indian economist", "summary_extract": "Dr. Dogganal Mahadevappa Nanjundappa was an Indian economist from Karnataka and a professor of economics at Karnataka University, Dharwad. He served as the Vice-chancellor of the Bangalore University from 1987 and the Karnataka University. Professor Nanjundappa was deputy chair of the Karnataka State Planning Board. He was well known for his \"Report of the High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalances in Karnataka\"\nHe died on Monday, 26 September 2005 at Bangalore and was buried with State honours at his native place Dogganal, in Holalkere Taluk of Chitradurga District.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q520640", "subject": "1958 conclave", "wikipedia_title": "1958 conclave", "description": "conclave", "summary_extract": "A conclave was held from 25 to 28 October 1958 to elect a pope to succeed Pius XII, who had died on 9 October 1958. Of the 53 members of the College of Cardinals, all but two attended. On the eleventh ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Angelo Roncalli, the patriarch of Venice. After accepting his election, he took the name John XXIII. He was the second patriarch of Venice to be elected pope in the 20th century, after Pius X in the 1903 conclave. John XXIII's coronation took place on 4 November 1958.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5219826", "subject": "Danish constitutional referendum, 1939", "wikipedia_title": "1939 Danish constitutional referendum", "description": null, "summary_extract": "A constitutional referendum was held in Denmark on 23 May 1939. Voters were asked whether they approved of a new constitution. Although it was approved by 91.9% of those who voted, a turnout of only 48.9% meant that the percentage of eligible voters approving it was only 44.46%, below the 45% required by the existing constitution of 1915.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5219829", "subject": "Danish electoral age referendum, 1969", "wikipedia_title": "1969 Danish electoral age referendum", "description": null, "summary_extract": "A referendum on lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 was held in Denmark on 24 June 1969. The proposed change was rejected by 78.6% of voters with a turnout of 63.6%. Two years later, the electoral age was instead lowered to 20 years, and finally, after a 1978 referendum, to 18 years.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q52253", "subject": "Alexey Stakhanov", "wikipedia_title": "Alexei Stakhanov", "description": "Soviet miner, namesake of Stakhanovite movement (1906-1977)", "summary_extract": "Alexei Grigoryevich Stakhanov was a Soviet miner, Hero of Socialist Labour (1970), and a member of the CPSU (1936).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1977, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5227877", "subject": "Daudi Migereko", "wikipedia_title": "Daudi Migereko", "description": "Ugandan politician", "summary_extract": "Daudi Migereko is a Ugandan politician who has served as the minister of lands, housing and urban development in the cabinet of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 27 May 2011. He replaced Omara Atubo, who was dropped from the cabinet. In the cabinet reshuffle of 2016, the president dropped him from this position and replaced him with Betty Amongi. From 16 February 2009 until 27 May 2011, he served as the government's chief whip in the parliament of Uganda. Before that, he was the minister of energy and mineral development in the cabinet. Migereko also represented Butembe County, Jinja District in the parliament from 2006 to 2016, a position he surrendered to Nelson Lufafa who won the seat in the 2016 General Elections.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5240672", "subject": "David Vreeland Kenyon", "wikipedia_title": "David Vreeland Kenyon", "description": "United States federal judge (1930-2015)", "summary_extract": "David Vreeland Kenyon was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2015, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5257607", "subject": "Denisa Legac", "wikipedia_title": "Denisa Legac", "description": "Croatian physician", "summary_extract": "Denisa Legac was born on 11 November 1975 in Zagreb. She was and educated in Graz and Vienna and is a Medical Doctor, Marriage and Family Counselor, Therapist, Hypnotherapist influenced by Milton Erickson's techniques and Systemic Family Therapist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q527177", "subject": "Trond Giske", "wikipedia_title": "Trond Giske", "description": "Norwegian politician", "summary_extract": "Trond Giske is a Norwegian politician who served as deputy leader of the Labour Party from 2015 until his resignation in 2018 after accusations of widespread sexual harassment and sexual assault against multiple women. After renewed allegations in 2020 he announced his complete and permanent withdrawal from politics. In 2024 he returned to politics, becoming the deputy leader of the Trondheim Labour Party. In 2025, he was once more elected to the Storting.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5301334", "subject": "Douglas Clark", "wikipedia_title": "Douglas Clark (rugby league)", "description": "English rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Douglas \"Duggy\" Clark MM was an English rugby league footballer, wrestler and World War I veteran. A Rugby Football League Hall of Fame inductee, he played for Huddersfield, Cumberland, England and the Great Britain national side, as a forward. Clark helped Huddersfield to three Challenge Cups and seven Yorkshire Cups, and is in the club's Hall of Fame.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5328432", "subject": "East German referendum, 1951", "wikipedia_title": "1951 East German referendum", "description": null, "summary_extract": "A referendum on militarisation and peace was held in East Germany on 5 June 1951. Voters were asked \"Are you against the remilitarisation of Germany and for the conclusion of a peace treaty with Germany in the year 1951?\". It was approved by 95.98% of voters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5342344", "subject": "Edward Coey Bigger", "wikipedia_title": "Edward Coey Bigger", "description": "Irish politician and physician", "summary_extract": "Sir Edward Coey Bigger was an Irish politician and physician. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1925 to 1936. He was first elected to the Seanad at the 1925 election for 9 years. He was re-elected at the 1934 election for 3 years.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["physician", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q5344256", "subject": "Edward M. Davis", "wikipedia_title": "Edward M. Davis", "description": "American police chief and politician", "summary_extract": "Edward Michael Davis was the chief of the Los Angeles Police Department from 1969 to 1978, and later a California state senator from 1980 to 1992 and an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1986. Davis' name was familiar to a generation of Americans since it appeared on its own card for \"technical advice\" in the closing credits of the popular television programs Dragnet (1967–70) and Adam-12 (1968–75).", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5345178", "subject": "Edward S. Michael", "wikipedia_title": "Edward S. Michael", "description": "United States Air Force Medal of Honor recipient", "summary_extract": "Edward Stanley Michael was a United States Army Air Forces officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1994, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5345766", "subject": "Edward Wadsworth Jones", "wikipedia_title": "Edward Wadsworth Jones", "description": "American politician", "summary_extract": "Edward Wadsworth Jones (1840–1934) was an officer in the American Civil War, a miner in Idaho and Utah and an entrepreneur in Los Angeles, California. He was a member of the Los Angeles Common Council, the governing body of that city in the 19th century.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5346917", "subject": "Edwin William Brunsden", "wikipedia_title": "Edwin William Brunsden", "description": "Canadian politician", "summary_extract": "\n\nEdwin William Brunsden was an agent, a journalist, and an agrologist. He saw combat in World War I and served as a Canadian federal politician from 1958 to 1962.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1976, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5348490", "subject": "1936 Egyptian parliamentary election", "wikipedia_title": "1936 Egyptian parliamentary election", "description": "election", "summary_extract": "Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt in May 1936; elections for the Chamber of Deputies took place on 2 May and for the Senate on 7 May. The elections were held following the death of King Fuad I, and his son Farouk's ascension to the throne. The result was a victory for the Wafd Party, which won 190 of the 232 seats. King Farouk's coronation was held in the newly elected parliament on 29 July 1937.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["egypt", "election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "regional_history"]}
{"qid": "Q5370847", "subject": "Richard Foster", "wikipedia_title": "Richard Foster (theologian)", "description": "American Quaker theologian", "summary_extract": "Richard James Foster is a Christian theologian and author in the Quaker tradition. His writings speak to a broad Christian audience. Born in 1942 in New Mexico, Foster spent the majority of his childhood growing up in Southern California. Foster has been a professor at Friends University and pastor of Evangelical Friends churches. Foster resides in Denver, Colorado. He earned his undergraduate degree at George Fox University in Oregon and his Doctor of Pastoral Theology at Fuller Theological Seminary, and received an honorary doctorate from Houghton College.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q537157", "subject": "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", "wikipedia_title": "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", "description": "former national anthem of South Africa from the 1930s to the 1990s, a portion of it is used in the current national anthem of South Africa", "summary_extract": "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika, also known as \"The Call of South Africa\" or simply \"Die Stem\", was the national anthem of South Africa during the apartheid era. There are two versions of the song, one in English and the other in Afrikaans, which were in use early on in the Union of South Africa alongside God Save the Queen and as the sole anthem after South Africa became a republic. It was the sole national anthem from 1957 to 1994, and shared co-national anthem status with \"God Save the King/Queen\" from 1938 to 1957. After the end of apartheid, it was retained as a co-national anthem along with \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\" until 1997, when a new hybrid song incorporating elements of both songs was adopted as the country's new national anthem, which is still in use.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["revolution", "songs"], "domains_coarse": ["arts_entertainment", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5393981", "subject": "Ernest Ward", "wikipedia_title": "Ernest Ward (1900s rugby league player)", "description": "English rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Ernest Ward was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Halifax.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5400643", "subject": "Väinö Malmivaara", "wikipedia_title": "Väinö Malmivaara", "description": "Finnish priest and politician (1879–1958)", "summary_extract": "Väinö Rafael Malmivaara was the Lutheran Bishop of Oulu from 1943 to 1954. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1927 to 1933, representing the National Coalition Party. He was born in Kiuruvesi, the son of Wilhelmi Malmivaara, and died in the same city.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q541086", "subject": "Anglo-Irish Trade War", "wikipedia_title": "Anglo-Irish trade war", "description": "Trade war between 1932 and 1938", "summary_extract": "The Anglo-Irish Trade War was a retaliatory trade war between the Irish Free State and the United Kingdom from 1932 to 1938. The Irish government refused to continue reimbursing Britain with land annuities from financial loans granted to Irish tenant farmers to enable them to purchase lands under the Irish Land Acts in the late nineteenth century, a provision which had been part of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty. This resulted in the imposition of unilateral trade restrictions by both countries.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q541506", "subject": "Battle of Prokhorovka", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Prokhorovka", "description": "1943 battle during World War II", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Prokhorovka was fought on 12 July 1943 near Prokhorovka, 87 kilometres (54 mi) southeast of Kursk, in the Soviet Union, during the Second World War. Taking place on the Eastern Front, the engagement was part of the wider Battle of Kursk and occurred when the 5th Guards Tank Army of the Soviet Red Army attacked the II SS-Panzer Corps of the German Waffen-SS in one of the largest tank battles in history.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["battle", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5416431", "subject": "Evelyn Seymour, 17th Duke of Somerset", "wikipedia_title": "Evelyn Seymour, 17th Duke of Somerset", "description": "British soldier, landowner, and peer (1882-1954)", "summary_extract": "Evelyn Francis Edward Seymour, 17th Duke of Somerset, styled as Lord Seymour between 1923–1931, was a British Army officer, landowner, peer, and for eight years Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire. He was also a baronet.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5421019", "subject": "Melodifestivalen 1991", "wikipedia_title": "Melodifestivalen 1991", "description": "1991 edition of Melodifestivalen", "summary_extract": "Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with the song \"Fångad av en stormvind\", written by Stephan Berg, and performed by Carola. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1991. Carola had already represented Sweden at the 1983 contest. The entry eventually won the Eurovision Song Contest after having to apply the tiebreaker rule because it ended with the same number of points as the entry from France. This was the third ever victory for Sweden in the contest.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q5424115", "subject": "F. X. Martin", "wikipedia_title": "F. X. Martin", "description": "Irish historian, writer and archivist; Augustinian friar", "summary_extract": "\n\nFrancis Xavier Martin, OSA was an Irish cleric, historian and activist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q543072", "subject": "Battle of Cassinga", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Cassinga", "description": "1978 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Cassinga also known as the Cassinga Raid or Kassinga Massacre was a controversial South African airborne attack on a South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) military camp at the town of Cassinga, Angola on 4 May 1978. Conducted as one of the three major actions of Operation Reindeer during the South African Border War, it was the South African Army's first major air assault operation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["battle", "south_africa"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5432151", "subject": "Fall of Enugu", "wikipedia_title": "Fall of Enugu", "description": "1967 battle in Africa", "summary_extract": "The fall of Enugu was a military conflict between Nigerian and Biafran forces in September and October 1967 during the Nigerian Civil War which centered around Enugu, the capital of the secessionist Republic of Biafra. Nigerian federal forces had made Enugu's capture a priority shortly after war broke out, but their advance stalled at Nsukka. Biafran president and leader Odumegwu Ojukwu, attempted to distract the Nigerian Army by initiating an invasion of Nigeria's Mid-Western Region in August, but the offensive was brought to a halt. Lieutenant Colonel Theophilus Danjuma took charge of the Nigerian forces at the Nsukka front and prepared to advance on Enugu with seven battalions of the 1st Division. Enugu was garrisoned by one brigade led by Colonel Alexander Madiebo and poorly armed civilians called into service. Danjuma decided to launch an offensive with his forces spread over a broad front to make it more difficult for the Biafrans to block them along major roads as had happened up to that point.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5432160", "subject": "Fall of Kampala", "wikipedia_title": "Fall of Kampala", "description": "battle in the Uganda–Tanzania War, April 1979", "summary_extract": "The Fall of Kampala, also known as the Liberation of Kampala, was a battle during the Uganda–Tanzania War in 1979, in which the combined forces of Tanzania and the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) attacked and captured the Ugandan capital, Kampala. As a result, Ugandan President Idi Amin was deposed, his forces were scattered, and a UNLF government was installed.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["battle"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q543409", "subject": "Nils Flyg", "wikipedia_title": "Nils Flyg", "description": "Swedish politician (1891-1943)", "summary_extract": "Nils Svante Flyg was a Swedish Socialist Party politician who became a Nazi sympathizer during World War II.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q543663", "subject": "Petras Leonas", "wikipedia_title": "Petras Leonas", "description": "Lithuanian judge (1864-1938)", "summary_extract": "Petras Leonas (1864–1938) was a Lithuanian attorney and politician, the first Minister of Justice of the newly independent Lithuania in 1918.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5452952", "subject": "First Encirclement Campaign against Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet", "wikipedia_title": "First encirclement campaign against the Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet", "description": "1935 military campaign", "summary_extract": "The first encirclement campaign against the Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Nationalist Government of China against the Communist Party's Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet and its local Red Army. The Red Army successfully defended the Soviet against Nationalist attacks from January to February 5, 1935.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["china", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5483485", "subject": "Kaarlo Leinonen", "wikipedia_title": "Kaarlo Leinonen", "description": "Finnish general", "summary_extract": "Kaarlo Olavi Leinonen was a Finnish general and Minister of Defence from December 1963 to September 1964. He was the Chief of Defence of the Finnish Defence Forces between 1969 and 1974. Leinonen was born in Tervola. He died in Karjalohja.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5483712", "subject": "Francisco Miguel Duarte", "wikipedia_title": "Francisco Miguel Duarte", "description": "Portuguese politician (1907-1988)", "summary_extract": "Francisco Miguel Duarte, also known by the nickname Chico Sapateiro was a Portuguese writer and a regional leader in the Portuguese Communist Party. He was a poet, whose principal subjects are revolution and the Portuguese people. Among his best known works is a poem in honor of the memory of Catarina Eufémia, his fellow countrywoman, since the author, like Eufémia, was a native of Baleizão, a village near Beja in the south of Portugal. He is also known for his book Das Prisões à Liberdade.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5485998", "subject": "Frank Courtnay", "wikipedia_title": "Frank Courtnay", "description": "Australian politician", "summary_extract": "Frank Courtnay was an Australian politician. Born in Melbourne, he was educated at state schools and then the Working Men's College before becoming a dairy farmer and later a plumber. He was Victorian and then national secretary of the Plumbers and Gasfitters Employees Union of Australia. In 1958, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Darebin. He held Darebin until its abolition in 1969, at which point he retired. Courtnay died in 1980.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5486889", "subject": "Frank Goettge", "wikipedia_title": "Frank Goettge", "description": "US Marine Corps officer", "summary_extract": "Frank Bryan Goettge was a United States Marine Corps intelligence officer in World War II. He led the ill-fated Goettge Patrol in the early days of the Guadalcanal campaign and was killed during that operation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q55099455", "subject": "1993 Welling riots", "wikipedia_title": "1993 Welling riots", "description": "English riots", "summary_extract": "\nOn 16 October 1993, an anti-racism march near Welling in South East London turned violent, leading to large-scale clashes between police and protesters which left around 70 people injured. The march was intending to demand the closure of a bookshop which was the headquarters of the British National Party (BNP).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["assassination", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q551844", "subject": "Project 58", "wikipedia_title": "Project 58/58A", "description": "1957-1958 nuclear test series of the United States", "summary_extract": "Operation Project 58/58A was a series of 4 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1957–1958 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the Operation Plumbbob series and preceded the Operation Hardtack I series.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5537401", "subject": "George Bukator", "wikipedia_title": "George Bukator", "description": "Canadian politician (1913-1987)", "summary_extract": "George Bukator was a Canadian politician and Ontario political figure. He represented Niagara Falls in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1958 to 1971 as a Liberal member.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5539459", "subject": "George Frederick Clucas", "wikipedia_title": "George Frederick Clucas", "description": "Manx politician", "summary_extract": "Sir George Frederick Clucas, CBE, JP was a Manx politician and Speaker of the House of Keys from 1919 to 1937.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5542940", "subject": "George Nowlan", "wikipedia_title": "George Nowlan", "description": "Canadian politician (1898-1965)", "summary_extract": "George Clyde Nowlan was a Canadian Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister. A member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, he served as Minister of Finance in the government of John Diefenbaker, and was also responsible for the CBC.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5556771", "subject": "Spanish coup of March 1939", "wikipedia_title": "Spanish coup of March 1939", "description": "Spanish coup d'état", "summary_extract": "Spanish coup of March 1939, in historiography often referred to as Casado's coup, was a coup d'état organized in the Republican zone against the government of Juan Negrín. It was carried out by the military with support of the Anarchists and a major faction of the Socialists; its leader was commander of the Army of the centre, Segismundo Casado. The conspirators viewed the Negrín government as a hardly veiled Communist dictatorship. Most concluded that the government-endorsed strategy of unyielding resistance against the Nationalists would produce nothing but further deaths and sufferings while the war had already been lost. The military and some politicians intended the coup as a first step towards opening peace negotiations with the Nationalists; for the Anarchists and Socialists the priority was to remove the Communists from power.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q55601635", "subject": "2001 Madrid bombing", "wikipedia_title": "2001 Madrid bombing", "description": "terrorist incident in Spain", "summary_extract": "On 6 November 2001, the separatist Basque organization ETA detonated a car bomb on Corazón de María street in Madrid, Spain. The blast injured about 99 people. It has been claimed the ETA targeted Juan Junquera, a government official, who survived.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["explosion", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q55622108", "subject": "1934 Manx general election", "wikipedia_title": "1934 Manx general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in the Isle of Man between 23 and 29 November 1934. Independent candidates won a majority of seats in the House of Keys.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5563576", "subject": "Georg Backlund", "wikipedia_title": "Georg Backlund", "description": "Finnish politician, journalist and actor (1905–2002)", "summary_extract": "Anders Georg Backlund was a Finland-Swedish editor, politician and actor, born in Närpes. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1953 to 1954 and from 1958 to 1970, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). He was a presidential elector in the 1968 Finnish presidential election. During World War II, Backlund was imprisoned for political reasons from 1939 to 1944. He recovered his liberty as a result of the Moscow Armistice of 19 September 1944.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q55832", "subject": "Bolesław Bierut", "wikipedia_title": "Bolesław Bierut", "description": "Polish politician and leader of Poland (1947–1956)", "summary_extract": "Bolesław Bierut was a Polish communist activist and politician who was the leader of communist-ruled Poland from 1948 until 1956. He was President of the State National Council from 1944 to 1947, President of Poland from 1947 to 1952, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party from 1948 to 1956, and Prime Minister of Poland from 1952 to 1954. Bierut is believed to have worked as an NKVD informant or agent prior to 1945, although his relationship with the Soviet agency has been a subject of debate among historians. As communist leader, he implemented aspects of the Stalinist system in Poland. Together with Władysław Gomułka, his main rival, Bierut is chiefly responsible for the historic changes that Poland underwent in the aftermath of World War II. Unlike any of his communist successors, Bierut led Poland until his death.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5593058", "subject": "Graham Mattson", "wikipedia_title": "Graham Mattson", "description": "New Zealand rugby league footballer and coach", "summary_extract": "Graham Victor Mattson was a New Zealand rugby league footballer and coach who represented New Zealand during the 1960s, and later coached Tonga.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q561800", "subject": "Murat Zyazikov", "wikipedia_title": "Murat Zyazikov", "description": "Russian politician", "summary_extract": "Murat Magometovich Zyazikov is a Russian politician who was the second president of the southern Russian republic of Ingushetia. He was born in what is now Kyrgyzstan. Zyazikov was a controversial politician in Ingushetia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5621379", "subject": "Gustavo Cuervo Rubio", "wikipedia_title": "Gustavo Cuervo Rubio", "description": "Cuban politician (1890–1965)", "summary_extract": "Gustavo Cuervo Rubio was a Cuban physician and politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["physician", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q5626203", "subject": "Maxim Oreshkin", "wikipedia_title": "Maxim Oreshkin", "description": "Russian politician", "summary_extract": "Maksim Stanislavovich Oreshkin is a Russian economist and statesman who served as the Minister for Economic Development from 30 November 2016 to 15 January 2020. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q56277832", "subject": "1951 Preakness Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "1951 Preakness Stakes", "description": "76th running of the Preakness Stakes", "summary_extract": "The 1951 Preakness Stakes was the 76th running of the $110,245 Preakness Stakes horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series, the event took place on May 19, 1951. Owned by Isabel Dodge Sloane's Brookmeade Stable and ridden by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Eddie Arcaro, Bold easily won the race by seven lengths over runner-up Counterpoint. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:56 2/5.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q5628434", "subject": "H. Montgomery Hyde", "wikipedia_title": "H. Montgomery Hyde", "description": "Irish politician (1907-1989)", "summary_extract": "Harford Montgomery Hyde, born in Belfast, Ireland, was a barrister, politician, prolific author and biographer. He was deselected by his party in 1959, losing his seat in the House of Commons, as a result of campaigning on homosexual law reform.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q56318706", "subject": "20th National Congress of the People's Party", "wikipedia_title": "2022 PP national party congress", "description": "2022 national congress of the People's Party in Spain", "summary_extract": "The People's Party (PP) held its 20th national congress in Seville from 1 to 2 April 2022, to renovate its governing bodies—including the post of president, which amounted to that of party leader. A primary election to elect the new party president was held on 21 March. The congress was called following the forced ousting of both Pablo Casado as president and Teodoro García Egea as secretary-general in the aftermath of a major crisis that ravaged the party from 16 to 23 February. Galician president Alberto Núñez Feijóo became the party's new president.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2022, "domains": ["conferences", "election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q565560", "subject": "Anne Marie Heiler", "wikipedia_title": "Anne Marie Heiler", "description": "German politician (1889-1979)", "summary_extract": "Anne Marie Heiler was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5658575", "subject": "Harlem Riot of 1935", "wikipedia_title": "Harlem riot of 1935", "description": "race riot in New York City, United States", "summary_extract": "The Harlem riot of 1935 took place on March 19, 1935, in New York City, New York, in the United States. It has been described as the first \"modern\" race riot in Harlem, because it was committed primarily against property rather than persons. Harlem is a northern neighborhood on Manhattan Island in New York City whose population at the time was predominantly African American.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["assassination", "riots"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5669505", "subject": "Harry Harley", "wikipedia_title": "Harry Harley", "description": "Canadian politician (1926–2014)", "summary_extract": "Harry Cruickshank Harley was a Canadian politician who served as Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a physician by career.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q56798315", "subject": "Sadi Tuma Abbas", "wikipedia_title": "Saadi Toma Abbas", "description": "Iraq minister", "summary_extract": "Saadi Toma Abbas was a former Iraqi military and politician. He was born in 1939 and held various ministerial positions during the rule of Saddam Hussein.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q56860821", "subject": "October 2018 protests in Armenia", "wikipedia_title": "October 2018 protests in Armenia", "description": null, "summary_extract": "On 2 October 2018, protest demonstrations demanding the dissolution of the National Assembly of Armenia were held in the capital city of Yerevan and at other locations in Armenia. The protests were a response to a vote by the National Assembly to block Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan from disbanding the legislature and holding an election. In the evening, the prime minister's supporters gathered at Marshal Baghramyan Avenue, Baghramyan and Karen Demirchyan streets and blockaded the National Assembly building. After endorsement by Pashinyan, protest rallies were also launched at Vanadzor and Gyumri.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2018, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q569392", "subject": "Crossair Flight 3597", "wikipedia_title": "Crossair Flight 3597", "description": "aviation accident", "summary_extract": "Crossair Flight 3597 was a scheduled flight from Berlin Tegel Airport, Germany, to Zurich Airport, Switzerland. On 24 November 2001, the Crossair Avro RJ100 operating the route, registered as HB-IXM, crashed into a wooded range of hills near Bassersdorf and caught fire. Out of the 33 occupants, nine people survived.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q5695717", "subject": "Heber Smith", "wikipedia_title": "Heber Smith", "description": "Canadian politician (1915–1990)", "summary_extract": "Heber Edgar Smith was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Tiny, Ontario and became a barrister and lawyer by career.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q57191", "subject": "Hans Krebs", "wikipedia_title": "Hans Krebs (biochemist)", "description": "German-British biochemist (1900-1981)", "summary_extract": "Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, FRS was a German-British biologist, physician and biochemist. He was a pioneer scientist in the study of cellular respiration, a biochemical process in living cells that extracts energy from food and oxygen and makes it available to drive the processes of life. He is best known for his discoveries of two important sequences of chemical reactions that take place in the cells of nearly all organisms, including humans, other than anaerobic microorganisms, namely the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle. The former, often eponymously known as the \"Krebs cycle\", is the sequence of metabolic reactions that allows cells of oxygen-respiring organisms to obtain far more ATP from the food they consume than anaerobic processes such as glycolysis can supply; and its discovery earned Krebs a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953. With Hans Kornberg, he also discovered the glyoxylate cycle, a slight variation of the citric acid cycle found in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q573160", "subject": "Bram Fischer", "wikipedia_title": "Bram Fischer", "description": "South African lawyer and anti-apartheid activist (1908-1975)", "summary_extract": "Abram Fischer was a South African Communist lawyer of Afrikaner descent with partial Anglo-African ancestry from his paternal grandmother, notable for anti-apartheid activism and for the legal defence of anti-apartheid figures, including Nelson Mandela, at the Rivonia Trial. Following the trial, he was himself put on trial accused of furthering communism. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and diagnosed with cancer while in prison. The South African Prisons Act was extended to include his brother's house in Bloemfontein, where he died two months later.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q57334", "subject": "Dimitris Christofias", "wikipedia_title": "Demetris Christofias", "description": "6th President of the Republic of Cyprus (2008-2013)", "summary_extract": "Demetris Christofias was a Cypriot politician, who served as President of Cyprus from 2008 to 2013. He was previously President of the House of Representatives from 2001 to 2008 and General Secretary of the Progressive Party of Working People from 1988 to 2009.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q57418", "subject": "Denis Sassou-Nguesso", "wikipedia_title": "Denis Sassou Nguesso", "description": "President of the Republic of the Congo (1979–1992; 1997–present)", "summary_extract": "Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician and former military officer who has served as president of the Republic of the Congo since 1997. He also previously served as president of the People's Republic of the Congo from 1979 to 1992.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q57445", "subject": "Günter Schabowski", "wikipedia_title": "Günter Schabowski", "description": "German politician (1929-2015)", "summary_extract": "Günter Schabowski was a German politician who served as an official of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling party during most of the existence of East Germany. After climbing up the party ladder, he became the regime's unofficial spokesman. He gained worldwide fame in November 1989 when he improvised a slightly mistaken answer to a press conference question about the future of the Berlin Wall, that seemed to announce the Wall's immediate end and raised popular expectations much more rapidly than the government planned. Massive crowds gathered at the Wall the same night, which forced its opening after 28 years. Soon afterward, the entire inner German border was opened; not much later, East Germany ceased to exist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q57613", "subject": "Ahmad Uyahya", "wikipedia_title": "Ahmed Ouyahia", "description": "Prime minister of Algeria from 2017 to 2019", "summary_extract": "Ahmed Ouyahia is an Algerian politician who was prime minister of Algeria four times. A career diplomat, he also served as Minister of Justice, and he was one of the founders of the Democratic National Rally (RND) as well as the party's secretary-general. He is considered by Western observers to be close to the military of Algeria and a member of the \"eradicator\" faction in the 1990s civil war against Islamist militants. Ouyahia resigned as prime minister in March 2019 following President Bouteflika's announcement that he would not seek reelection, and Ouyahia was arrested in June 2019 for crimes related to corruption. He was later convicted and is currently serving 19 years in jail.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q576961", "subject": "Péter Veres", "wikipedia_title": "Péter Veres (politician)", "description": "Hungarian politician, writer (1897-1970)", "summary_extract": "Péter Veres was a Hungarian politician and writer, who served as Minister of Defence from 1947 to 1948.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1947, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q577291", "subject": "Tadeusz Tomaszewski", "wikipedia_title": "Tadeusz Tomaszewski (prime minister)", "description": "Prime Minister of Poland (1881-1950)", "summary_extract": "Tadeusz Tomaszewski was 33rd Prime Minister of Poland and 3rd Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile (1949-1950). He died in London.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q57751", "subject": "Jérôme Cahuzac", "wikipedia_title": "Jérôme Cahuzac", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "Jérôme André Cahuzac is a French surgeon and former politician who served as Minister of the Budget at the Ministry of the Economy and Finance under President François Hollande from 2012 to 2013. A former member of the Socialist Party (PS), he previously was the member of the National Assembly for the 3rd constituency of Lot-et-Garonne from 1997 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2012. He resigned from his ministership and was expelled from his party amidst the Cahuzac affair, in which he was accused and subsequently convicted of tax fraud.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["physician", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q5778729", "subject": "Battle of Sabzak", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Sabzak", "description": "battle during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Sabzak was an engagement between Spanish and Italian forces of NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Taliban insurgents supported by militant Tajik tribals. The action took place from 3 to 4 September 2009 on Sabzak pass, in the province of Badghis, during the War in Afghanistan.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q57912689", "subject": "Lion Air Flight 610 Crash", "wikipedia_title": "Lion Air Flight 610", "description": "2018 aircraft crash in the Java Sea off the coast of Karawang, Indonesia", "summary_extract": "Lion Air Flight 610 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Tangerang, to Depati Amir Airport, Pangkal Pinang, in Indonesia. On 29 October 2018, the Boeing 737 MAX 8 operating the route, carrying 181 passengers and 8 crew members, crashed into the Java Sea 13 minutes after takeoff, killing all 189 occupants on board. It was the first major accident and hull loss of a 737 MAX, a then recently introduced aircraft.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2018, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q580464", "subject": "Penny Mordaunt", "wikipedia_title": "Penny Mordaunt", "description": "British politician (born 1973)", "summary_extract": "Dame Penelope Mary Mordaunt is a British former politician who served as Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons from 2022 until 2024. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Portsmouth North from 2010 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she stood for the party leadership in 2022, losing to Liz Truss. In the 2024 general election, Mordaunt lost her Portsmouth North seat to Labour's Amanda Martin.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q58213", "subject": "Kōichirō Genba", "wikipedia_title": "Kōichirō Genba", "description": "Japanese politician", "summary_extract": "Kōichirō Genba  is a Japanese politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2012. He is a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet, and was a member to the Democratic Party of Japan and its successor Democratic Party until its merger in 2018. He left the party briefly before the merger, and joined the Group of Independents House of Representatives caucus of other former Democrats a few days later. A native of Tamura, Fukushima and graduate of Sophia University, he was later accepted into the prestigious Matsushita Institute of Government and Management, an institution founded by Panasonic founder Konosuke Matsushita which grooms future civic leaders of Japan. Genba was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1993 after serving in the assembly of Fukushima Prefecture for one term. In September 2011 he was chosen as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q58284", "subject": "Guido Westerwelle", "wikipedia_title": "Guido Westerwelle", "description": "German politician (FDP), Foreign Minister of Germany (1961-2016)", "summary_extract": "Guido Westerwelle was a German politician who served as foreign minister in the second cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel and Vice-Chancellor of Germany from 2009 to 2011, being the first openly gay person to hold any of these positions. He also led the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) from 2001 until he stepped down in 2011. A lawyer by profession, he was a member of the Bundestag from 1996 to 2013.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q58295", "subject": "Carlos Morales Troncoso", "wikipedia_title": "Carlos Morales Troncoso", "description": "Dominican Republic politician (1940–2014)", "summary_extract": "Carlos Morales Troncoso was a Dominican chemical engineer, businessman, and politician. Before entering public life, Morales Troncoso built a distinguished career as an executive in the sugar industry, rising to lead major corporations and contributing to the economic development of the eastern region of the Dominican Republic. He later transitioned into public service, serving as Vice President of the Dominican Republic from 1986 to 1994, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1996 and again from 2004 to 2014, and Ambassador to the United States from 1989 to 1990. He was also a prominent leader in the Social Christian Reformist Party (PRSC), serving as its president from 2009 to 2014.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q58416", "subject": "1980 Ispaster attack", "wikipedia_title": "1980 Ispaster attack", "description": "conflict", "summary_extract": "The 1980 Ispaster attack was a gun and grenade attack by the Basque separatist organisation ETA which occurred on 1 February 1980 near the Basque town of Ispaster. The targets were a convoy of civil guards who were escorting workers and weapons from the nearby Esperanza y Cia Arms factory to Bilbao. A total of six civil guards were killed, while two ETA members were killed by hand grenades that they had thrown. The attack was the deadliest of 1980, the year when ETA killed more people than any other.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q5849405", "subject": "Esther Neira de Calvo", "wikipedia_title": "Esther Neira de Calvo", "description": "panama's politic (1890–1978)", "summary_extract": "Esther Neira de Calvo (1890–1978) was a prominent educator, feminist and women's right advocate. She was the first woman elected as a National Deputy to the Third Constituent Assembly in Panama. She was the founder and president of the National Society for the Advancement of Women and of the Women's Patriotic League, and actively worked for Panamanian women's enfranchisement, finally attained in 1945–46. She served as Executive Secretary of the Inter American Commission of Women from 1949 to 1965 and was Panama's Ambassador to the Council of the Organization of American States from 1966 to 1968.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q588774", "subject": "Battle of Dong Xoai", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Đồng Xoài", "description": "battle of the Vietnam War in 1965", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Đồng Xoài was a major battle fought during the Vietnam War as part of the Viet Cong (VC) Summer Offensive of 1965. It took place in Phước Long Province, South Vietnam, between 9 and 13 June 1965.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q58999484", "subject": "Franco Cartafina", "wikipedia_title": "Franco Cartafina", "description": "Brazilian politician", "summary_extract": "Franco Cartafina Gomes is a Brazilian politician. From 2019 to 2023, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. From 2013 to 2018, he was a municipal councillor of Uberaba. He is the grandson of Silvério Cartafina Filho.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q591070", "subject": "2009 European Parliament election in Italy", "wikipedia_title": "2009 European Parliament election in Italy", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 2009 European Parliament election in Italy was held on Saturday 6 and Sunday 7 June 2009, as decided by the Italian government on 18 December 2008. Italy elected 72 members of the European Parliament (MEPs).", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5940662", "subject": "Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei", "wikipedia_title": "Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei", "description": "Iranian religious servant", "summary_extract": "Seyid Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei was an Iranian politician, and Shiite cleric. He was also the first imam Jumu'ah for Tabriz and Representative of the Supreme Leader in East Azerbaijan. Tabatabaei was born in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan. He was a member of the Muslim People's Republic Party in Tabriz. Tabatabaei was assassinated when praying in Tabriz. Qazi Tabatabaei in the Iranian political literature named him the first martyr of mihrab.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q5948421", "subject": "Lennart Levi", "wikipedia_title": "Lennart Levi", "description": "politician and Member of the parliament of Sweden", "summary_extract": "Lennart Levi, M.D., PhD (1930–2024), was born in Riga, Latvia, on May 20, 1930, to Sam Levi, a merchant and Debora (Lowenstein). During World War II, when he was 10 years old, his family moved to Stockholm. He served as a surgeon in the Swedish Army after receiving his medical degree from the Karolinska Institute in 1959 and his PhD in 1972. In 1957 he married Isabella Weitman and had two children, Jan Richard and George Ragnar.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q594858", "subject": "Alexandre Varaut", "wikipedia_title": "Alexandre Varaut", "description": "French politician and lawyer", "summary_extract": "Alexandre Varaut is a French lawyer and politician of the National Rally (RN) who was elected a member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 2024. He was previously an MEP from 1999 to 2004, representing the Rally for France (RPF) and Movement for France (MPF).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q59591034", "subject": "Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest", "wikipedia_title": "Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest", "description": "women's rights protest", "summary_extract": "The Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest was a series of events which began after a Banaras Hindu University student filed a complaint in September 2017 which said that the university administration did not respond appropriately to reports of sexual harassment on campus. The protest led to clashes between students unions like AISA, SFI and NSUI with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh's student wing ABVP, the government which emerged again in the 2023 IIT-BHU rape case.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2017, "domains": ["conflict", "india"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q59627834", "subject": "Arthur Ross", "wikipedia_title": "Arthur Ross (commissioner)", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Arthur Ross (1916–1970) was the commissioner of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from 1965 to 1968.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q5992831", "subject": "Michael Moore", "wikipedia_title": "Michael Moore (Swedish officer)", "description": "Swedish general", "summary_extract": "\nMajor General Michael Moore is a Swedish Air Force officer, with an air combat control background, who has been a senior military adviser at the Swedish Ministry of Defence.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q599550", "subject": "Saulius Šaltenis", "wikipedia_title": "Saulius Šaltenis", "description": "Lithuanian politician", "summary_extract": "Saulius Šaltenis is a Lithuanian writer, newspaper editor, and politician. In 1990, he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Minister of Culture from 1996 to 1999 in the Government of Gediminas Vagnorius", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6005155", "subject": "La Mejor Esquina massacre", "wikipedia_title": "La Mejor Esquina massacre", "description": "1988 massacre in Colombia", "summary_extract": "La Mejor Esquina massacre was the 3 April 1988 mass killing of 27 people in La Mejor Esquina, Buenavista, Córdoba, Colombia by Los Magníficos, a right-wing paramilitary commanded by Fidel Castaño. Approximately 20 paramilitary members opened fire at a fandango festival commemorating Easter Sunday, where some 200 people were celebrating, at around 9:30 PM. After 10 minutes of shooting, 27 people died, including a woman and a child, and at least 17 were injured.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q60323", "subject": "Viasa Flight 897", "wikipedia_title": "Viasa Flight 897", "description": "aviation accident", "summary_extract": "Viasa Flight 897 was an international scheduled Rome–Madrid–Lisbon–Santa Maria–Caracas passenger service that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Portugal on 30 May 1961, shortly after takeoff from Portela Airport. There were no survivors among the 61 occupants of the Douglas DC-8-53.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["aviation_accidents_and_incidents"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q604531", "subject": "Antonio Razzi", "wikipedia_title": "Antonio Razzi", "description": "Italian politician", "summary_extract": "Antonio Razzi is an Italian politician, former member of the Italian Senate for the centre-right party Forza Italia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q60529781", "subject": "Barry Harris", "wikipedia_title": "Barry Harris (rugby league)", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer (1938-2006)", "summary_extract": "Barry Harris (1938–2006) was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach who played for Newtown, South Sydney and the Penrith Panthers. Harris was a foundation player for Penrith and played in the club's first season.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6054293", "subject": "Osvaldo Olguín Zapata", "wikipedia_title": "Osvaldo Olguín", "description": "Chilean physician", "summary_extract": "Osvaldo Opelio Olguín Zapata was a Chilean surgeon, obstetrician-gynecologist, and politician, member of the Christian Democratic Party. He served as councilor and mayor of Calama, and later as senator for Tarapacá and Antofagasta between 1969 and 1973.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q60574", "subject": "Artur Axmann", "wikipedia_title": "Artur Axmann", "description": "Nazi official, head of Hitler Youth (1913-1996)", "summary_extract": "Artur Axmann was the German national leader (Reichsjugendführer) of the Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend) from 1940 to 1945, when the war ended. He was the last living Nazi with a rank equivalent to Reichsleiter.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q60603714", "subject": "Tunde Adeniran", "wikipedia_title": "Tunde Adeniran", "description": "politician", "summary_extract": "Tunde Adeniran is a Nigerian scholar, politician, diplomat, and former minister of education. Before entering politics in 1998, he was a staff of the United Nations and a political science lecturer at the University of Ibadan, after years of lecturing in Nigeria and America. He is the author of several books and journal articles.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q60674974", "subject": "Fridays for Future", "wikipedia_title": "Fridays for Future", "description": "international youth movement for climate action", "summary_extract": "Fridays for Future (FFF), also known as the School Strike for Climate, is an international movement of school students who skip Friday classes to participate in demonstrations to demand action from political leaders to prevent climate change and for the fossil fuel industry to transition to renewable energy. Publicity and widespread organising began after Swedish pupil Greta Thunberg staged a protest in August 2018 outside of the Swedish parliament, the Riksdag, holding a sign that read \"Skolstrejk för klimatet\".", "earliest_anchor_year": 2018, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6067763", "subject": "Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002", "wikipedia_title": "Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002", "description": "joint resolution of the United States House of Representatives and Senate", "summary_extract": "The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, informally known as the Iraq Resolution, was a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in October 2002 as Public Law No. 107-243, authorizing the use of the United States Armed Forces against Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist Iraqi government in what would be known as Operation Iraqi Freedom. It was repealed by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q60741025", "subject": "Sumpul River massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Sumpul River massacre", "description": "1980 massacre in El Salvador", "summary_extract": "Between 300 and 600 Salvadoran refugees were massacred while trying to cross the Sumpul River in Chalatenango, El Salvador, on May 13, 1980 during the Salvadoran Civil War. Salvadoran Armed Forces and pro-government paramilitaries launched an offensive to disrupt the activities of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). The offensive created many refugees, who were attacked by the Salvadoran forces. The Honduran military prevented them from fleeing into Honduras. Both El Salvador and Honduras denied responsibility for the incident. In 1993, the United Nations Truth Commission described the incident as a serious violation of international law.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q60753660", "subject": "Albert Hawkes", "wikipedia_title": "Albert Hawkes (rugby league)", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Albert Hawkes (1887−1962) nicknamed \"Alby\" was a pioneer Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played for Newtown in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition, as a centre.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1962, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q60754709", "subject": "1947 Preakness Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "1947 Preakness Stakes", "description": "72nd running of the Preakness Stakes", "summary_extract": "The 1947 Preakness Stakes was the 72nd running of the $100,000 added Preakness Stakes, a horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series took place on May 10, 1947, and was run seven days after the 1947 Kentucky Derby. Ridden by Douglas Dodson, who was praised by the Daily Racing Form for a smart ride, Faultless won the mile and three sixteenths race by one and a quarter lengths over runner-up On Trust with the betting favorite Phalanx in third. Jet Pilot, winner of the Kentucky Derby, finished fourth. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:59 flat.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1947, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q60755040", "subject": "1955 Preakness Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "1955 Preakness Stakes", "description": "80th running of the Preakness Stakes", "summary_extract": "The 1955 Preakness Stakes was the 80th Preakness Stakes overall and it was held on May 28, 1955, at the Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Nashua, ridden by Eddie Arcaro and trained by James E. Fitzsimmons won the race, outrunning Saratoga who finished second. Traffic Judge, who was trained by Woody Stephens finished third.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q60769870", "subject": "Kanyarwandan War", "wikipedia_title": "Kanyarwanda War", "description": "1963–1966 civil war", "summary_extract": "The Kanyarwanda War was a conflict in the northeastern region of Congo-Léopoldville, specifically the newly-established province of North Kivu, between the Banyarwanda and indigenous groups within North Kivu including the Hunde and Nande groups that lasted from 1963 to 1966. It was sparked by years of ethnic tensions between the Banyarwandan people, who had significant influence and power in North Kivu and surrounding provinces, and native groups such as the Hunde and Nande groups.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q60788470", "subject": "1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt", "wikipedia_title": "1981 Gambian coup attempt", "description": "Failed communist and military coup", "summary_extract": "The 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt began on 30 July 1981 and was quashed in early August following a Senegalese military intervention. The insurrection was carried out by members of the Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party and disaffected staff of the Gambia Field Force. At the time, President Dawda Jawara was in the United Kingdom attending the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer. The failure of the coup precipitated the creation of the Senegambia Confederation in 1982.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q60813434", "subject": "Isabella Vandervall", "wikipedia_title": "Isabella Vandervall", "description": "African-American physician", "summary_extract": "Isabella Vandervall (1894–1989) was an African-American physician, gynecologist and a prominent advocate for the birth control movement in New York City. She attended the New York Medical College for Women, from which she graduated at the top of her class.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q60847470", "subject": "Battle of Kisangani", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Kisangani (1997)", "description": "1997 battle of the First Congo War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Kisangani took place in March 1997 during the First Congo War. The rebels of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL), supported by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, took the city defended by the Zairian Armed Forces (FAZ) which was loyal to President Mobutu Sese Seko.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1997, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6086088", "subject": "First Battle of Alihuatá", "wikipedia_title": "First Battle of Alihuatá", "description": "battle of the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay", "summary_extract": "The First Battle of Alihuatá was a battle of the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay, it took place between March 10 to 13 of 1933 and culminated in the occupation of the Alihuatá fort by the Bolivian army and the withdrawal of the small Paraguayan unit that defended it, allowing the Bolivian 9th Division to cut the supply route from Arce to the Paraguayan 1st Division that was fighting in the area of \"Kilometer 7\" and Campo Jordán south of Alihuatá.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6086545", "subject": "Alfons Röblom", "wikipedia_title": "Alfons Röblom", "description": "actor and politician from Åland", "summary_extract": "Alfons Röblom, born 3 August 1983 in Mariehamn, is an actor, journalist, and politician on the Åland Islands, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q609836", "subject": "Portuguese Colonial War", "wikipedia_title": "Portuguese Colonial War", "description": "1961–1974 armed conflicts in Africa between Portugal and independence movements", "summary_extract": "The Portuguese Colonial War, also known in Portugal as the Overseas War or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation, and also known as the Angolan, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambican Wars of Independence, was a 13-year-long conflict fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies between 1961 and 1974. The Portuguese regime at the time, the Estado Novo, was overthrown by a military coup in 1974, and the change in government brought the conflict to an end. The war was a decisive ideological struggle in Lusophone Africa, surrounding nations, and mainland Portugal.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6100869", "subject": "1973 Turkish presidential election", "wikipedia_title": "1973 Turkish presidential election", "description": "Turkish presidential election", "summary_extract": "The 1973 Turkish presidential election was held starting on March 13, 1973 and continuing for 15 rounds before a candidate could be selected by at least half of the votes cast. It resolved on April 6, 1973 on the 15th ballot, when 557 out of 635 deputies participated in the voting and Republican Senator Fahri Korutürk was elected President with 365 votes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6106498", "subject": "J. McVicker Hunt", "wikipedia_title": "J. McVicker Hunt", "description": "American psychologist (1906–1991)", "summary_extract": "Joseph McVicker Hunt was a prominent American educational psychologist and author. He promoted and researched concepts related to the malleable nature of child intelligence. That work eventually led to the theory of learning centered on the concept of the information processing system.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q6110180", "subject": "Jabir Al-Azmi", "wikipedia_title": "Jabir Al-Azmi", "description": "Kuwaiti politician", "summary_extract": "Jabir Al-Azmi is a former Kuwaiti politician, representing the fifth district. Born in 1970, Al-Azmi studied Sharia law and worked in at the Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs before being elected to the National Assembly in 2006.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q61137191", "subject": "March Offensive", "wikipedia_title": "March Offensive (War in Abkhazia)", "description": "major battle during War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) along the river of Gumista near Sukhumi", "summary_extract": "The March Offensive or the Battle of the Gumista was a battle between Georgian armed forces and Abkhaz separatists. It was held on March 15–16, 1993 along 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of the banks of the Gumista River.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6121909", "subject": "Jaffa Road bus bombings", "wikipedia_title": "Jaffa Road bus bombings", "description": "Palestine", "summary_extract": "The Jaffa Road bus bombings were Palestinian suicide attacks carried out in 1996 on two No. 18 buses on Jaffa Road in Jerusalem. Hamas suicide bombers killed 45 people in the attacks, which were masterminded by Mohammed Deif, using explosives prepared by Adnan Awul. These two bombings, within a few days of each other, occurred during a Hamas offensive launched after the killing of Yahya Ayyash, which also included the French Hill neighborhood attack, a suicide bombing in Ashkelon, and a terrorist attack near Dizengoff Center in Tel Aviv.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1996, "domains": ["explosion", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6123584", "subject": "Second Battle of Nanawa", "wikipedia_title": "Second Battle of Nanawa", "description": "1933 battle of the Chaco War", "summary_extract": "The Second Battle of Nanawa was fought from the 4 to 9 July 1933, between the Bolivian and Paraguayan armies during the Chaco War. It was one of the bloodiest battles fought in South America in the 20th century, coming to be labeled as the \"South American Verdun\" by comparison with the Battle of Verdun of World War I.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6131149", "subject": "James Catts", "wikipedia_title": "James Catts", "description": "Australian politician (1877–1951)", "summary_extract": "James Howard Catts was an Australian politician, unionist and businessman.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6144720", "subject": "James W. Blanchard", "wikipedia_title": "James W. Blanchard", "description": "American submarine commander (1903-1987)", "summary_extract": "James William Blanchard \nwas an American submarine commander during the Pacific War, who received the Navy Cross for dealing a crippling blow to the Japanese aircraft carrier Taihō on 19 June 1944 during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, which led to her sinking later that day.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q614536", "subject": "Rudolf Scheurer", "wikipedia_title": "Rudolf Scheurer", "description": "Swiss football referee (1925-2015)", "summary_extract": "Rudolf Scheurer was a football (soccer) referee from Bettlach, most remembered for supervising four matches at the FIFA World Cup: two in 1970 and 1974. During his peak times, Scheurer was a high-profile referee: In 1970, he was nominated as linesman in the final between Brazil and Italy. In 1974, he was awarded the opening game. Scheurer also whistled in 1970 and 1974 World Cup qualifiers, UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying, and many European club competition matches. After he retired from his active career, Scheurer served as chief of the Swiss soccer referees. He died on November 1, 2015.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2015, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6149333", "subject": "Jan Kustos", "wikipedia_title": "Jan Kustos", "description": "Silesian politician (1893-1932)", "summary_extract": "Jan Kustos was a Silesian politician, philosophy magister, press editor, founder and chairman of the Union of Upper Silesians Defence from 1925-1932, spokesman rights national minority for Silesians in Poland, member of town council in Katowice in the period 1926-1927, founder of the Trade Union of Upper Silesians in 1927, and a representative of Silesian nationality in the time of conversation with representative League of Nations in 1929.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1932, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6158351", "subject": "Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands", "wikipedia_title": "Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands", "description": "raids which targeted United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) bases", "summary_extract": "During World War II, a series of Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands took place between November 1944 and January 1945. These raids targeted United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) bases and sought to disrupt the bombing of Japan by Boeing B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers operating from the islands. The Japanese lost 37 aircraft during this operation, but destroyed 11 B-29s and damaged a further 43. Preparations were also made for commando raids on the bases in early and mid-1945 but these did not go ahead.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q61807853", "subject": "Robert Heaney", "wikipedia_title": "Robert Heaney (rugby league)", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer (1936-2019)", "summary_extract": "Robert Heaney (1936–2019), nicknamed \"Babe\", was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s. He played for Balmain in the NSWRL Competition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6234689", "subject": "Frank Gaha", "wikipedia_title": "Frank Gaha", "description": "Australian politician", "summary_extract": "John Francis \"Stymie\" Gaha was an Australian politician. Born in Narrabri, New South Wales, he was educated at St Joseph's College in Sydney and the National University of Ireland, becoming a doctor and a house surgeon in Dublin. Returning to Australia in 1920, he settled in Tasmania, where he established a private practice at Hobart; he was a health officer 1925–1929. In 1933, he was elected as a Labor member to the Tasmanian Legislative Council for Hobart, serving as Minister for Health 1934–1943. In 1943, he transferred to federal politics, winning the House of Representatives seat of Denison by defeating sitting United Australia Party MP Arthur Beck. He retired from federal politics in 1949, returning to Tasmanian politics as a member for Denison in the House of Assembly in 1950. He was chief secretary, Minister for Health, Minister for Police and Minister for Transport at various times between 1959–1961. Gaha left the Assembly in 1964 and died two years later in 1966.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q6241171", "subject": "John J. McGinty III", "wikipedia_title": "John J. McGinty III", "description": "Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipient (1940-2014)", "summary_extract": "Captain John James McGinty III was a United States Marine Corps officer who received the United States militaries' highest \ndecoration — the Medal of Honor — for heroism during July 1966 in the Vietnam War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6251837", "subject": "John Pandeni", "wikipedia_title": "John Pandeni", "description": "Namibian politician", "summary_extract": "John Alphons Pandeni was a Namibian politician and trade unionist as well as a member of SWAPO party. Pandeni was Minister of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development at the time of his death in 2008.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q62688071", "subject": "Alf Madden", "wikipedia_title": "Alf Madden", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Alf Madden was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in 1950s. He played for Manly-Warringah and North Sydney in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6277258", "subject": "Jordanian campaign", "wikipedia_title": "Jordanian campaign (1967)", "description": "Israeli victory in the Six-Day War", "summary_extract": "The Jordanian campaign of 1967 was part of the broader Six-Day War, in which Israel defeated Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq. For Israel, it was the most significant part of the war, as it resulted in the capture of many Jewish monuments by the Israelis.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6283643", "subject": "Joseph H. Burchenal", "wikipedia_title": "Joseph H. Burchenal", "description": "American oncologist (1912-2006)", "summary_extract": "Joseph Holland Burchenal was an American oncologist, and a winner of the 1972 Albert Lasker Award for Medical Research for his work on developing a chemotherapy for Burkitt's lymphoma. His research with George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion led to the creation of the leukemia treatment mercaptopurine. He worked at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and was a member of the presidential panel that initiated the U.S. federal government's war on cancer. Burchenal died in Hanover, New Hampshire on March 8, 2006. He was 93 years old.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q62889", "subject": "Klaus Töpfer", "wikipedia_title": "Klaus Töpfer", "description": "German politician (1938–2024)", "summary_extract": "Klaus Töpfer was a German politician (CDU) and environmental politics expert. From 1998 to 2006 he was executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q6310467", "subject": "July 1936 military uprising in Melilla", "wikipedia_title": "July 1936 military uprising in Melilla", "description": "armed uprising against the Second Spanish Republic", "summary_extract": "The July 1936 military uprising in Melilla occurred at the start of the Spanish Civil War. The rebels seized the main garrisons of the Spanish Army in Africa, and by 18 July, had crushed the resistance of the army officers loyal to the Republican government. Supporters of the Second Spanish Republic were detained or shot.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q632663", "subject": "South Yemen insurgency", "wikipedia_title": "South Yemen insurgency", "description": "2009–2014 separatist protests and attacks on government forces", "summary_extract": "The South Yemen insurgency is a term used by the Yemeni government to describe the protests and attacks on government forces in southern Yemen since 27 April 2009. The insurgency comes amid the Shia insurgency in the country's north as led by the Houthi communities. Southern leaders led a brief, unsuccessful secession in 1994 following unification. Many of them are involved in the present secession movement. Southern separatist insurgents are active mainly in the area of former South Yemen, but also in Dhale Governorate, which was not a part of the independent southern state.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2009, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6328021", "subject": "KDPI insurgency", "wikipedia_title": "KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)", "description": "1989–1996 insurgency by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran", "summary_extract": "The insurgency by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran surged in 1989, lasting until 1996, as part of the Kurdish separatism struggle. The eruption of the conflict in July 1989 was caused by the assassination of KDPI leader Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou by suspected Iranian government agents. The most violent episodes took place in 1990 and 1991, when Kurdish soldiers launched massive attacks on Iranian military bases in Kurdish areas of Iran. This brought heavy retaliation from the Iranian government, aiming to eradicate the KDPI leadership by assassinating Sadegh Sharafkandi and other KDPI leaders in 1992 in order to disable the Kurdish party's ability to function. The conflict faded with the effective targeted assassination policy of Iran and by 1996 KDPI was no longer able to function militarily and announced a unilateral ceasefire. The conflict claimed hundreds of lives, mostly Iranian government troops and Kurdish militants.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1989, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q63307434", "subject": "Mal Cheney", "wikipedia_title": "Mal Cheney", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Malcolm Cheney (1950-2013) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s. He played for Parramatta in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q633862", "subject": "Cold War (1979–1985)", "wikipedia_title": "Cold War (1979–1985)", "description": "phase of the Cold War between 1979–1985", "summary_extract": "The Cold War from 1979 to 1985, was a late phase of the Cold War marked by a sharp increase in hostility between the Soviet Union and the West. It arose from a strong denunciation of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979. With the election of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1979, and American President Ronald Reagan in 1980, a corresponding change in Western foreign policy approach toward the Soviet Union was marked by the rejection of détente in favor of the Reagan Doctrine policy of rollback, with the stated goal of dissolving Soviet influence in Soviet Bloc countries. During this time, the threat of nuclear war had reached new heights not seen since the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["conflict", "international_relations", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q635624", "subject": "Buddhist crisis", "wikipedia_title": "Buddhist crisis", "description": "1963 political and religious tension in South Vietnam", "summary_extract": "The Buddhist crisis was a period of political and religious tension in South Vietnam between May and November 1963, characterized by a series of repressive acts by the South Vietnamese government and a campaign of civil resistance, led mainly by Buddhist activists.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["conflict", "protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6387517", "subject": "Ken Day", "wikipedia_title": "Ken Day (rugby league)", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer and coach", "summary_extract": "Ken Day (1936–1998), also known by the nickname of \"High Tower\", was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s. An Australian international and Queensland representative forward, he played his club football in Brisbane for Western Suburbs and in Sydney for Manly-Warringah.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6391984", "subject": "Kenta Izumi", "wikipedia_title": "Kenta Izumi", "description": "Japanese politician", "summary_extract": "Kenta Izumi  is a Japanese politician who served as leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) from 2021 to 2024. He is also a member of the House of Representatives in the National Diet, currently for the Kyoto 3rd district. He was first elected in 2000 under the Democratic Party of Japan. He served as Parliamentary Vice-Minister of the Cabinet Office from 2009 to 2010. After that, he served as chairman of the National Diet Measures Committee and Political Affairs Research Chairman of the Kibō no Tō, the Democratic Party for the People, and the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1974, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q63929552", "subject": "Operation Kitona", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Kitona", "description": "1998 Offensive in the Second Congo War", "summary_extract": "Operation Kitona was a Rwandan/Ugandan offensive that marked the beginning of the Second Congo War. Rwanda hoped to depose Laurent-Désiré Kabila and install a government more favorable to Rwanda's interests by quickly taking control of Kinshasa and the strategic western province of Bas-Congo. On August 4, 1998, joint Rwandan and Ugandan forces launched a surprise attack on Kitona airbase in Western Congo using hijacked civilian airliners. While initially successful in taking control of major ports and infrastructure, Zimbabwean and Angolan intervention prevented the Rwandans and Ugandans from taking control of Kinshasa. The invading forces were forced to withdraw to the jungles of Angola until they were evacuated by air to Rwanda in late 1998.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1998, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6414629", "subject": "Kipkalya Kones", "wikipedia_title": "Kipkalya Kones", "description": "Kenyan politician", "summary_extract": "Kipkalya Kiprono Kones was a Kenyan politician who served as a minister during the 1990s and briefly as Minister of Roads in 2008. He was a member of the National Assembly of Kenya from 1988 to 2008.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6423991", "subject": "Knut Torstensen Sjøli", "wikipedia_title": "Knut Sjøli", "description": "Norwegian politician for the Labour Party (1877-1955)", "summary_extract": "Knut Torstensen Sjøli was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q643925", "subject": "War of Dagestan", "wikipedia_title": "1999 war in Dagestan", "description": "part of Russian-Chechen conflict", "summary_extract": "The 1999 war in Dagestan, also known as the Dagestan incursions, was an armed conflict that began when the Ichkerian-based Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade (IIPB), an Islamist group led by Shamil Basayev, Ibn al-Khattab, Ramzan Akhmadov and Arbi Barayev, invaded the neighboring Russian republic of Dagestan on 7 August 1999. They did so in support of the Shura of Dagestan separatist rebels.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1999, "domains": ["conflict", "russia", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6445746", "subject": "1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq", "wikipedia_title": "1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq", "description": "Kurdish rebellions against Saddam Hussein’s government in Iraq", "summary_extract": "The 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq occurred during the Iran–Iraq War as PUK and KDP Kurdish militias of Iraqi Kurdistan rebelled against Saddam Hussein as part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, in an attempt to form an independent state. With Iraqi government forces occupied by the Iran-Iraq War, Kurdish Peshmerga succeeded in taking control of some enclaves, with Iranian logistic and sometimes military support. The initial rebellion resulted in stalemate by 1985.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6448997", "subject": "1963 Kuwaiti general election", "wikipedia_title": "1963 Kuwaiti general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Kuwait on 23 January 1963. A total of 205 candidates contested the 50 seats, with pro-government candidates emerging as the largest bloc. Voter turnout was 85.0%.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q64815", "subject": "Edmund Heines", "wikipedia_title": "Edmund Heines", "description": "SA-Obergruppenführer (1897-1934)", "summary_extract": "Edmund Heines was a German Nazi politician and Deputy to Ernst Röhm, the Stabschef of the Sturmabteilung (SA). Heines was one of the earliest members of the Nazi Party and a leading member of the SA in Munich, participating in the Beer Hall Putsch and becoming a notorious enforcer of the party. He held several high-ranking positions in the Nazi administration until he was executed during the Night of the Long Knives in June 1934.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6483559", "subject": "Lance Todd", "wikipedia_title": "Lance Todd", "description": "New Zealand rugby union footballer, and rugby league footballer, coach and administrator", "summary_extract": "Lancelot Beaumont \"Lance\" Todd was a New Zealand-born rugby league footballer and manager of the early 20th century. As a player, he represented New Zealand in 1907 and 1908 and played in England for the Wigan and Dewsbury clubs. He later became the manager at Salford and led the club to three League Championships and one Challenge Cup victory.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6500527", "subject": "Lawrence Castner", "wikipedia_title": "Lawrence V. Castner", "description": "American military officer and fencer (1902–1949)", "summary_extract": "Lawrence Varsi Castner was an American businessman, fencer and military officer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1924 Summer Olympics. His greatest acclaim came during World War II, when he led a unit known as Castner's Cutthroats in Alaska.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6501891", "subject": "Lauritz Johnson", "wikipedia_title": "Lauritz Johnson", "description": "television host and writer (1906-1992)", "summary_extract": "Lauritz Johnson was a Norwegian novelist, children's writer, and radio and television host. He was born in Nøtterøy, and was the grandson of Gisle Johnson. Nicknamed \"Uncle Lauritz\", he primarily worked on children's shows, eventually heading the children- and youth department of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. He published the novels Mens vi venter from 1934 and Verden det er meg from 1945.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q65049350", "subject": "Ka I 21–18 Hang Sai", "wikipedia_title": "Ka I 21–18 Hang Sai", "description": "2019 Taça de Macau match", "summary_extract": "Ka I 21–18 Hang Sai was a football match held on 16 June 2019 involving two teams in Macau. The fixture was part of the 2019 Taça de Macau. Players of both Ka I and Hang Sai decided to use the competitive match as a means of protest against the Macau Football Association for its role in the withdrawal of the Macau national team from the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2019, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q65119408", "subject": "2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis", "wikipedia_title": "2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis", "description": "conflict in Ghana", "summary_extract": "The 2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis, also known as the Yendi conflict, was a clash between two feuding factions that occurred at the Gbewaa Palace, Ghana from March 25–27, 2002. It resulted in the killing of Yaa Naa Yakubu II and 40 of his elders.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6524333", "subject": "Leo Wollman", "wikipedia_title": "Leo Wollman", "description": "New York doctor", "summary_extract": "Dr. Leo Wollman (1914–1998), was a New York City medical doctor who assisted transgender individuals with their transitions. In 1979 he served on the founding committee of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, now the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, which wrote its first Standards of Care.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1998, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q6537304", "subject": "1971 Lewisham London Borough Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1971 Lewisham London Borough Council election", "description": "1971 local election in England, UK", "summary_extract": "\n\nElections to Lewisham London Borough Council were held on 13th May 1971. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 39.8%. This election had aldermen as well as councillors. Labour and the Conservatives each got five aldermen.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6541268", "subject": "1997 Liberian general election", "wikipedia_title": "1997 Liberian general election", "description": "Liberian election", "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Liberia on 19 July 1997 as part of the 1996 peace agreement ending the First Liberian Civil War. The presidency, as well as all seats in the House of Representatives and the Senate were up for election. Voter turnout was around 89%. Former rebel leader Charles Taylor and his National Patriotic Party (NPP) won the election with 75.3% of the vote, giving it about three-quarters of the legislative seats according to the proportional representation system. Taylor was inaugurated as president on 2 August 1997.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1997, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6544034", "subject": "Liechtenstein referendums, 2002", "wikipedia_title": "2002 Liechtenstein referendums", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Three referendums were held in Liechtenstein in 2002. The first two were held on 10 March on amending the constitution on sustainable transport and raising money for the \"Little Big One\" musical festival, both of which were rejected by voters. The third referendum was held on 29 September on the law on land-use planning and was rejected by 74% of voters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q65550337", "subject": "Jennie Litvack", "wikipedia_title": "Jennie Litvack", "description": "economist who worked at the World Bank", "summary_extract": "Jennie Ilene Litvack (1963–2019) was a Canadian economist who worked at the World Bank. From an early age, she was an enthusiastic trumpet player and was taught by Dizzy Gillespie, who considered her his god-daughter. She became proficient at blowing the ceremonial Jewish horn – the shofar – and became its Mistress for Adas Israel in Washington.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q656397", "subject": "Bombing of Warsaw in World War II", "wikipedia_title": "Bombing of Warsaw in World War II", "description": "aerial bombing of Warsaw in WW II", "summary_extract": " \nThe bombing of Warsaw in World War II began with the German Luftwaffe's campaign of aerial bombardment of Warsaw during the siege of Warsaw, following the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. It also included German bombing raids during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. During the course of the war, approximately 85% of the city was destroyed due to German mass bombings, heavy artillery fire, and a planned demolition campaign.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q66381490", "subject": "Roy Farnsworth", "wikipedia_title": "Roy Farnsworth", "description": "Australian rugby league player", "summary_extract": "Roy Eric Farnsworth (1892-1957) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6658386", "subject": "2011 Liverpool City Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2011 Liverpool City Council election", "description": "2011 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "The Liverpool Council election, 2011 to the city of Liverpool council happened on the same day as the 2011 United Kingdom local elections and the 2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum on 5 May.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q66836635", "subject": "Donald Henry Barron", "wikipedia_title": "Donald Henry Barron", "description": "American reproductive biologist", "summary_extract": "Donald Henry Barron was an American reproductive biologist who was born in Flandreau, South Dakota and received his B.A. in Chemistry at Carleton College, his M.S. in Botany at Iowa State College and his Ph.D. at Yale University. In March 1933, he joined Edgar D. Adrian's laboratory in Cambridge University where he investigated the Slow potential wave in spinal cord collaborated with Bryan Matthews and received an honorary M.A. degree from there in 1936.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q66851", "subject": "Wilhelm Haferkamp", "wikipedia_title": "Wilhelm Haferkamp", "description": "German politician (1923-1995)", "summary_extract": "Wilhelm Haferkamp was a long-time member of the European Commission. Born in Germany, he was a social democratic politician. He was appointed to the commission by the West German government in 1967. He served in a number of posts including Vice President until 1985. He died in Brussels.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1995, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6710402", "subject": "1933 Lyttelton by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1933 Lyttelton by-election", "description": "New Zealand by-election", "summary_extract": "The Lyttelton by-election of 1933 was a by-election held during the 24th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Lyttelton. It is notable for being won by Elizabeth McCombs of the New Zealand Labour Party, who became the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament. This by-election was therefore seen as a milestone in Women's suffrage in New Zealand.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6742047", "subject": "1974 Malaysian general election", "wikipedia_title": "1974 Malaysian general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Malaysia between Saturday, 24 August and Saturday, 14 September 1974. Voting took place in all 154 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 360 state constituencies on the same day. The elections were the first and only general elections for Tun Abdul Razak as Prime Minister following his appointment to the position in 1970. They were also the first general elections for Barisan Nasional (BN), a new political alliance replacing the Alliance Party; with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (PGRM) and the People's Progressive Party (PPP) joining the parties from the old Alliance.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1974, "domains": ["election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6742863", "subject": "2003 Maldivian presidential election", "wikipedia_title": "2003 Maldivian presidential election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on 17 October 2003. The election took the form of a referendum on a single candidate nominated by the People's Majlis. Incumbent President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was nominated for a sixth term, and was approved by 90% of voters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2003, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6744827", "subject": "Maltese constitutional referendum, 1964", "wikipedia_title": "1964 Maltese constitutional referendum", "description": null, "summary_extract": "A constitutional referendum was held in Malta between 2 and 4 May 1964. The new constitution was approved by 54.5% of voters, and came into effect on 21 September 1964. It was effectively a referendum on independence, as the new constitution gave the country self-government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6750200", "subject": "1959 Manitoba general election", "wikipedia_title": "1959 Manitoba general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1959 Manitoba general election was held on May 14, 1959 to elect 57 members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. It resulted in a majority victory for the incumbent Progressive Conservatives under the leadership of Premier Dufferin Roblin. It was the first time since the 1914 election that the PCs won an outright majority in the province, when they were led by Dufferin Roblin's grandfather, Sir Rodmond Roblin.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6750203", "subject": "1966 Manitoba general election", "wikipedia_title": "1966 Manitoba general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1966 Manitoba general election was held on June 23, 1966, to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. It resulted in a third consecutive majority win for the Progressive Conservative Party led by Dufferin Roblin. Roblin's Tories won 31 seats, against 14 for the Liberal Party, 11 for the New Democratic Party and one for Social Credit.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6771168", "subject": "Marko Liias", "wikipedia_title": "Marko Liias", "description": "American politician", "summary_extract": "Marko Sakari Liias is an American politician serving as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 21st district since 2014. The district, located within Snohomish County, includes portions of Lynnwood and Everett, as well as his hometown of Mukilteo and his native Edmonds. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 2008 to 2014.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1981, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6792660", "subject": "Maureen Colquhoun", "wikipedia_title": "Maureen Colquhoun", "description": "British politician (born 1928)", "summary_extract": "Maureen Morfydd Colquhoun was a British economist and Labour politician. She was Britain's first openly lesbian member of Parliament (MP).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q6795190", "subject": "Max Rosenheim, Baron Rosenheim", "wikipedia_title": "Max Rosenheim", "description": "British peer (1908-1972)", "summary_extract": "Max Leonard Rosenheim, Baron Rosenheim, KBE, PRCP, FRS was a British physician and academic.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q680819", "subject": "Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Ghana", "wikipedia_title": "Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (Ghana)", "description": "government", "summary_extract": "The Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) was the military junta that seized power in Ghana from June 4, 1979, to September 24, 1979.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1979, "domains": ["conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q68093", "subject": "Ludolf von Krehl", "wikipedia_title": "Ludolf von Krehl", "description": "German physician (1861-1937)", "summary_extract": "Ludolf von Krehl was a German internist and physiologist who was a native of Leipzig. He was the son of Orientalist Christoph Krehl (1825–1901). His surname changed to \"von Krehl\" after his Ennoblement in 1904.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q6811901", "subject": "Melbourne Tierney", "wikipedia_title": "Melbourne Tierney", "description": "Welsh rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Melbourne Tierney was a Welsh professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. Starting with his home village club Tumble RFC after the second world war, Tierney turned professional after the 1946 West Wales Cup final against Amman United RFC at Stradey Park, Llanelli. He played at representative level for Wales, and at club level for Belle Vue Rangers and Rochdale Hornets, as a second-row.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6821962", "subject": "Ahmad Daoud", "wikipedia_title": "Ahmad Daoud", "description": "Syrian researcher, writer and historian", "summary_extract": "Ahmad Daoud is a Syrian researcher, writer and historian.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q6830399", "subject": "Michael Francis Gibson", "wikipedia_title": "Michael Francis Gibson", "description": "American writer", "summary_extract": "Michael Francis Gibson was an American art critic, art historian, writer and independent scholar, who published regularly in the International Herald Tribune, 1969–2004 and occasionally in other publications in English, and French. From 1956 on, Gibson published a number of books, articles, essays and poems in both English and French.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2017, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q6875424", "subject": "Misgav Am hostage crisis", "wikipedia_title": "Misgav Am hostage crisis", "description": "1980 hostage crisis in Israel", "summary_extract": "The Misgav Am hostage crisis, which began during the night of April 7, 1980, was a raid carried out by a squad of five Palestinian militants belonging to the Iraqi-backed Arab Liberation Front militant organization, on the northern Israeli kibbutz of Misgav Am in which the militants captured a group of toddlers and babies in the children's sleeping quarters of the kibbutz and held them as hostages. The event ended the next day with the takeover of the terrorist stronghold by Israeli special forces.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6875627", "subject": "Mishuk Munier", "wikipedia_title": "Mishuk Munier", "description": "TV journalist", "summary_extract": "Ashfaque Munier was a Bangladeshi media specialist and broadcast journalist. He was known for his photography direction and for being the cofounder of the global news channel The Real News Network. He was one of three sons of Munier Chowdhury. Mishuk served as the chief executive officer and chief editor of satellite TV channel ATN News. He died in a road accident, along with Tareque Masud, on August 13, 2011. He was awarded Ekushey Padak for his contribution to journalism in 2012 by the Bangladeshi government.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q69051", "subject": "Gebhard Müller", "wikipedia_title": "Gebhard Müller", "description": "German politician (1900–1990)", "summary_extract": "Gebhard Müller was a German lawyer and politician (CDU). He was President of Württemberg-Hohenzollern (1948–1952), Minister President of Baden-Württemberg (1953–1958) and President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1959-1971). He was born in Füramoos and died in Stuttgart.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q6913738", "subject": "Morris Hillquit", "wikipedia_title": "Morris Hillquit", "description": "Riga-born American lawyer, politician and art collector (1869-1933)", "summary_extract": "Morris Hillquit was a founder and leader of the Socialist Party of America and prominent labor lawyer in New York City's Lower East Side. Together with Eugene V. Debs and Congressman Victor L. Berger, Hillquit was one of the leading public faces of American socialism during the first two decades of the 20th century.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q696256", "subject": "Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact", "wikipedia_title": "Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact", "description": "1941 bilateral treaty", "summary_extract": "The Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact , also known as the Japanese–Soviet Non-aggression Pact , was a non-aggression pact between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan signed on April 13, 1941, two years after the conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese Border War. The agreement meant that for most of World War II, the two nations fought against each other's allies but not against each other. In 1945, late in the war, the Soviets scrapped the pact and joined the Allied campaign against Japan.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1941, "domains": ["peace_conference", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "regional_history"]}
{"qid": "Q696802", "subject": "Paris Peace Accords", "wikipedia_title": "Paris Peace Accords", "description": "peace treaty between United States, South Vietnam and North Vietnam", "summary_extract": "The Paris Peace Accords, officially the Agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam, was a peace agreement signed on 27 January 1973 to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War. It included a main treaty and accompanying annexes. The agreement was registered by the United States of America on May 13, 1974, with the United Nations Secretariat. It is recorded in the United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS) under Volume 935, Treaty No.13295. It was scheduled to take effect at 8:00 AM Saigon time the following day. The agreement was signed by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the Republic of Vietnam, the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG), and the United States. The PRG represented the Viet Cong, a South Vietnamese opposition movement de facto controlled by the North. US ground forces had begun to withdraw from Vietnam in 1969, and by the beginning of 1972 those that remained had very little involvement in combat. The last American infantry battalions withdrew in August 1972. Most air and naval forces, and most advisers, also were gone from South Vietnam by that time, though air and naval forces not based in South Vietnam were still playing a symbolic role in the war. The Paris Agreement removed the remaining US forces, and direct US military intervention ended. Fighting between the three remaining powers did not stop on 28 January, even for an hour. The agreement was not formally designated a treaty, and President Nixon did not ask the US Senate to ratify it.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["military_history", "peace_conference"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q696894", "subject": "Cairo Conference", "wikipedia_title": "Cairo Conference", "description": "summit meeting during World War II", "summary_extract": "The Cairo Conference, also known as the First Cairo Conference, was one of fourteen summit meetings during World War II, which took place on 22–26 November 1943. The Conference was held at Cairo in Egypt between China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Attended by Chairman of the National Government of China Chiang Kai-shek, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it outlined the Allied position against the Empire of Japan during World War II and made decisions about post-war Asia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q697053", "subject": "Battle of Hue", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Huế", "description": "1968 battle of the Vietnam War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Huế, was a major battle in the Tết Offensive launched by North Vietnam and the Việt Cộng during the Vietnam War. Initially losing control of most of Huế and its surroundings, the combined forces of South Vietnam and the United States gradually recaptured the city after a little over one month of intense fighting. The battle was one of the longest and bloodiest of the war, causing it to negatively affect the American public perception of the war. The battle is widely considered to be one of the toughest and most intense urban battles ever fought.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q6984641", "subject": "Nebojša Radunović", "wikipedia_title": "Nebojša Radunović", "description": "Serbian academic", "summary_extract": "Nebojsa V. Radunovic is a university professor of obstetrics and gynecology at University of Belgrade's School of Medicine* Reference 1, Chair of Human reproduction department at Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia and a corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was born in 1954 in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo, then SFRY.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q702449", "subject": "Battle of Bataan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Bataan (1945)", "description": "1945 battle during World War II", "summary_extract": "The Battle for the Recapture of Bataan from 31 January to 21 February 1945, by US forces and Allied Filipino guerrillas from the Japanese, part of the campaign for the liberation of the Philippines, was waged to secure the western shore of Manila Bay to enable the use of its harbor and open new supply lines for American troops engaged in the crucial battle for the liberation of Manila.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict", "japan"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q705001", "subject": "Nikolai Bernstein", "wikipedia_title": "Nikolai Bernstein", "description": "Soviet neurophysiologist (1896–1966)", "summary_extract": "Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein was a Soviet neurophysiologist who has pioneered motion-tracking devices and formal processing of information obtained from the use of these devices. He was also one of first psychologists to suggest that behaviour is generative, constructive and not reactive. He was born and died in Moscow.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q705140", "subject": "Zhang Youxia", "wikipedia_title": "Zhang Youxia", "description": "People's Liberation Army general", "summary_extract": "Zhang Youxia is a Chinese general in the People's Liberation Army (PLA), who served as first-ranked vice chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) until January 2026. Born in Beijing, Zhang is the son of General Zhang Zongxun. Joining the army in 1968, Zhang fought in the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979, and the Battle of Laoshan in 1984, making him one of the few serving generals in China with war experience. In 2000, he became commander of the 13th Group Army. In 2005, he became the vice commander of the Beijing Military Region. He was promoted to commander of the Shenyang Military Region in 2007, and became a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q70546", "subject": "Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb", "wikipedia_title": "Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb", "description": "German field marshal and war criminal (1876–1956)", "summary_extract": "Wilhelm Josef Franz Ritter von Leeb was a German Generalfeldmarschall of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, who was subsequently convicted of war crimes. Leeb was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the Military Order of Max Joseph which granted him the title of nobility. During the Battle of France, he commanded Army Group C, responsible for the breakthrough of the Maginot Line.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1956, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q705562", "subject": "Raleb Majadele", "wikipedia_title": "Raleb Majadele", "description": "Arab-Israeli politician of Palestinian Muslim descent", "summary_extract": "Raleb Majadele is an Israeli Arab politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party in three spells between 2004 and 2015, and became the country's first Muslim minister when appointed Minister without Portfolio on 28 January 2007. Between March 2007 - March 2009 he served as Minister of Science, Culture and Sport, the first Muslim minister in Israeli history.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q705567", "subject": "William F. Quinn", "wikipedia_title": "William F. Quinn", "description": "American politician (1919–2006)", "summary_extract": "William Francis Quinn OESSH was an American lawyer and politician. He served as the 12th and last governor of the Territory of Hawaii from 1957 to 1959 and the first governor of the State of Hawaii from 1959 to 1962. Originally appointed to the office by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Quinn was the last executive appointed by an American president, after American rule of the Hawaiian Islands began after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. He was also the last Republican to serve as governor until Linda Lingle in 2002. Quinn appeared as a guest on the television program What's My Line. He was the recipient of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, a papal knighthood conferred by Pope John Paul II. He was the state's first Republican governor.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["military_officer", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7058471", "subject": "1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election", "wikipedia_title": "1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election", "description": "referendum on the future status of Northern Ireland", "summary_extract": "The 1973 elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly took place following the publication of the British government's white paper Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals which proposed a 78-member Northern Ireland Assembly, elected by proportional representation. The proposals for a Northern Ireland Assembly contained in the White Paper were put into effect through the Northern Ireland Assembly Act 1973 in May 1973.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7058546", "subject": "1986 Northern Ireland by-elections", "wikipedia_title": "1986 Northern Ireland by-elections", "description": "by-elections held in January 1986", "summary_extract": "The 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections were fifteen by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement, signed the month before.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7059055", "subject": "1983 Northern Territory general election", "wikipedia_title": "1983 Northern Territory general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "A general election was held in the Northern Territory, Australia on Saturday 3 December 1983. The result was a landslide victory for the incumbent Country Liberal Party (CLP) under Chief Minister Paul Everingham over the Australian Labor Party (ALP) opposition under Opposition leader Bob Collins.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q706454", "subject": "Netherlands in World War II", "wikipedia_title": "Netherlands in World War II", "description": "involvement of the Netherlands in World War II", "summary_extract": "World War II in the Netherlands can be broken down into four periods:September 1939 to May 1940: After the war broke out, the Netherlands declared neutrality. The country was later invaded and occupied by Germany.\nMay 1940 to June 1941: An economic boom caused by orders from Germany, combined with the \"velvet glove\" approach from Arthur Seyss-Inquart, resulted in a comparatively mild occupation.\nJune 1941 to June 1944: As the war intensified, Germany demanded higher contributions from occupied territories, resulting in a decline of living standards in the Netherlands. Repression against the Jewish population intensified and thousands were deported to extermination camps. The \"velvet glove\" approach ended. Meanwhile the Netherlands's East Indies possession in Asia was invaded and occupied by Japan.\nJune 1944 to May 1945: Conditions in the Netherlands deteriorated further, leading to starvation and lack of fuel. The German occupation authorities gradually lost control over the situation. Nazis wanted to make a last stand and commit acts of destruction, others tried to mitigate the situation, until the country was finally liberated by the Allies. In the East Indies meanwhile, Japanese occupation continued until the Surrender of Japan on the 15th of August 1945.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q708181", "subject": "Siege of Bastogne", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Bastogne", "description": "engagement in December 1944 between American and German forces", "summary_extract": "The siege of Bastogne was an engagement in December 1944 between American and German forces at the Belgian town of Bastogne, as part of the larger Battle of the Bulge. The goal of the German offensive was the harbor at Antwerp. In order to reach it before the Allies could regroup and bring their superior air power to bear, German mechanized forces had to seize the roadways through eastern Belgium. Because all seven main roads in the densely wooded Ardennes highlands converged on Bastogne, just a few miles away from the border with neighboring Luxembourg, control of its crossroads was vital to the German attack.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["belgium", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q709396", "subject": "Battle of Pingxingguan", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Pingxingguan", "description": "1937 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Pingxingguan was the initial significant confrontation in northwestern Shanxi after the commencement of the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War at the Pingxing Pass. The conflict commenced in late September and endured for almost ten days. Initially, Chinese soldiers effectively ambushed and repelled Japanese troops in the Pingxingguan region. Subsequently, the Japanese force breached Ruyuekou and seized the county seat of Fanshi. This battle also saw cooperation between Nationalist and Communist troops. The Pingxingguan Ambush, commonly called the Great Victory of Pingxingguan, was a part of this battle fought on 25 September 1937, at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, between the Eighth Route Army of the Chinese Communist Party and the Imperial Japanese Army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["china", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7096986", "subject": "Operation Diadem", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Diadem", "description": "1944 military operation in World War II's Italian Campaign", "summary_extract": "Operation Diadem, also referred to as the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino or, in Canada, the Battle of the Liri Valley, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allies of World War II in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. Diadem was supported by air attacks called Operation Strangle. The opposing force was the German 10th Army.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "italy"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7109786", "subject": "Otto Prausnitz", "wikipedia_title": "Otto Prausnitz", "description": "German scientist (1876–1963)", "summary_extract": "Otto Carl Willy Prausnitz, also known as Carl Prausnitz-Giles, was a German physician, bacteriologist, and hygienist who developed the Prausnitz–Küstner test with Heinz Küstner.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q7125893", "subject": "1985 Pakistani general election", "wikipedia_title": "1985 Pakistani general election", "description": "elections for members of National Assembly of Pakistan", "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Pakistan on 25 February 1985 to elect members of the National Assembly. The elections were held under the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq after the restoration of the 1973 constitution.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1985, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7127419", "subject": "Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon", "wikipedia_title": "Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon", "description": "1968–1982 conflict initiated by Palestinian militants against Israel and Christian Lebanese factions in Lebanon", "summary_extract": "The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led an insurgency against Israel in 1968 and against Lebanese Christian militias in the mid-1970s. PLO's goals evolved during the insurgency; by 1977, its goal was to pressure Israel into allowing a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon and expelled the PLO, thereby ending the insurgency.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["conflict", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7129985", "subject": "1964 Panamanian general election", "wikipedia_title": "1964 Panamanian general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Panama on 10 May 1964, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7133193", "subject": "1987 Papua New Guinean general election", "wikipedia_title": "1987 Papua New Guinean general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Papua New Guinea between 13 June and 4 July 1987. The Pangu Party emerged as the largest party, winning 26 of the 109 seats. Voter turnout was 73.5%.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["election", "election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q71363", "subject": "Rudolf Amelunxen", "wikipedia_title": "Rudolf Amelunxen", "description": "German politician (1888-1969)", "summary_extract": "Rudolf Amelunxen was a German politician of the Zentrum and the 1st Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia between 23 August 1946 and 17 June 1947. He was born in Cologne and died on 21 April 1969 in Grafschaft Abbey, North Rhine-Westphalia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1947, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q714196", "subject": "Spring 1945 offensive in Italy", "wikipedia_title": "Spring 1945 offensive in Italy", "description": "1945 Allied attack into the Lombardy Plain during WWII", "summary_extract": "The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of all Axis forces in Italy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict", "italy"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q714741", "subject": "Kieran Doherty", "wikipedia_title": "Kieran Doherty (hunger striker)", "description": "Irish hunger striker (1955-1981)", "summary_extract": "Kieran Doherty was an Irish republican hunger striker and politician who served as a TD for Cavan–Monaghan from June 1981 to August 1981. He was a volunteer in the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q714749", "subject": "Battle of Ia Drang", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Ia Drang", "description": "1965 battle of the Vietnam War", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Ia Drang was the first major battle between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), as part of the Pleiku campaign conducted early in the Vietnam War, at the eastern foot of the Chu Pong Massif in the central highlands of Vietnam, in 1965. It is notable for being the first large scale helicopter air assault and also the first use of Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers in a tactical support role. Ia Drang set the blueprint for the Vietnam War with the Americans relying on air mobility, artillery fire and close air support, while the PAVN neutralized that firepower by quickly engaging American forces at very close range.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7152844", "subject": "Paul Otuoma", "wikipedia_title": "Paul Otuoma", "description": "Kenyan politician", "summary_extract": "\n\nOtuoma Paul Nyongesa is a Kenyan politician. He was a member of Orange Democratic Movement until 21 April 2017 when he tendered his resignation. He was elected to represent the Funyula Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election and was the minister for the Local Government from 2010-2013. He was a member of Parliament for Funyula Constituency until August 2017 when he contested for gubernatorial seat for Busia County against his rival Sospeter Ojamoong but failed.\nOtuoma was born on 15 September 1966. He attended Khalsa primary school in Nairobi, Eastleigh High School in Nairobi from 1981 to 1984, and then went to Nairobi School from 1985 to 1986. Otuoma is a veterinarian by training, holding a Bachelor's of Veterinary Medicine from the University of Nairobi (1991), where he also earned an MBA in 2001. He is married with 5 children.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7161342", "subject": "Pelham A. Barrows", "wikipedia_title": "Pelham A. Barrows", "description": "American politician (1861-1939)", "summary_extract": "Pelham Anderson Barrows served as the 16th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1919 to 1923 under Governor Samuel Roy McKelvie. He also served a stint as commander of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. A native of Massachusetts, he later moved to California, where he died in 1939.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q717459", "subject": "Arvo Kuddo", "wikipedia_title": "Arvo Kuddo", "description": "Estonian economist and politician (born 1954)", "summary_extract": "\nArvo Kuddo is an Estonian economist and politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q719133", "subject": "Svetozar Vukmanović", "wikipedia_title": "Svetozar Vukmanović", "description": "Serbian partisan (1912-2000)", "summary_extract": "Svetozar Vukmanović - Tempo was a leading Montenegrin communist and member of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. During World War II he served on the Supreme Staff, went on missions to Bulgaria, Greece, and Albania, and became Josip Broz Tito's personal representative in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. He held high positions in the postwar government, and was proclaimed a People's Hero of Yugoslavia.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7195660", "subject": "Ping Chong", "wikipedia_title": "Ping Chong", "description": "American theatre director, choreographer and artist", "summary_extract": "Ping Chong is a Canadian-born American contemporary theatre director, choreographer, video and installation artist. Born in Toronto and raised in the Chinatown section of Manhattan, Chong is considered a seminal figure in Asian-American theatre and the Asian-American arts movement.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q7209982", "subject": "2010 Polish Senate by-elections", "wikipedia_title": "2010 Polish Senate by-elections", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Three by-elections to the Senate were held in Poland on 20 June 2010, at the same time as the presidential election. They were held to replace Krystyna Bochenek in Katowice, Janina Fetlińska in Płock and Stanisław Zając in Krosno, who died in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash on 10 April 2010.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2010, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7210747", "subject": "Dāvids Sīmansons", "wikipedia_title": "Dāvids Sīmansons", "description": "Latvian military personnel (1859–1933)", "summary_extract": "Dāvids Sīmansons was the first commander-in-chief of the Latvian Army. He was also a general of the Latvian Army, major general of the Imperial Russian Army and the Former Minister of War of Latvia. He was a recipient of the Commander of the Order of Lāčplēsis.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1933, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q724219", "subject": "Hennadii Moskal", "wikipedia_title": "Hennadiy Moskal", "description": "Ukrainian politician (1950–2024)", "summary_extract": "Hennadiy Hennadiyovych Moskal was a Ukrainian politician who served as governor of Zakarpattia Oblast from 2015 to 2019. He was previously appointed governor of Luhansk Oblast during the early stages of the War in Donbas.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7270922", "subject": "Queensland Council for Civil Liberties", "wikipedia_title": "Queensland Council for Civil Liberties", "description": "organization", "summary_extract": "The Queensland Council for Civil Liberties (QCCL) is a voluntary organisation in Australia concerned with the protection of individual rights and civil liberties. It was founded in 1966 in order \"to protect and promote the human rights and freedoms of Queensland citizens.\" The QCCL is regularly asked by the Government to make submissions to committees, which is how bills are made in Parliament. These submissions cover issues such as closed circuit television, abortion law reform, sentencing issues in our court system and changes to legislation already in place, which are called amendments.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7287439", "subject": "Ralph Eaton", "wikipedia_title": "Ralph Eaton", "description": "American general (1898–1986)", "summary_extract": "Brigadier General Ralph \"Doc\" Parker Eaton was a United States Army officer who served most notably during World War II in the European Theater.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7299168", "subject": "Raymond Sullivan", "wikipedia_title": "Ray Sullivan", "description": "American politician (1977–2021)", "summary_extract": "Raymond J. Sullivan Jr. was an American politician who served as Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives. He represented the 29th District from 2005 to 2011, serving as the deputy majority leader. Sullivan died on October 12, 2021, at his home in Providence, Rhode Island at the age of 44.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1977, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q730670", "subject": "Fyodor Petrov", "wikipedia_title": "Fyodor Petrov", "description": "Russian weapon designer (1902-1978)", "summary_extract": "Fyodor Fyodorovich Petrov was a Soviet artillery designer. Hero of Socialist Labour (1944). Lenin Prize (1967). Four Stalin Prizes first degree.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1978, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q731728", "subject": "Said Siam", "wikipedia_title": "Said Seyam", "description": "Palestinian politician (1959-2009)", "summary_extract": "Said Seyam, first name also spelled Saeed and Sayed and last name also spelled Siam, was a Palestinian politician. He served as the interior minister of the Palestinian government of March 2006. He joined Hamas and became one of its top commanders. During the 2008–2009 Gaza War, Seyam was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Jabalia. Seyam was the most senior Hamas member killed in the war, and the most senior Hamas figure killed by Israel since the death of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi in April 2004.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7317641", "subject": "Reuven Brenner", "wikipedia_title": "Reuven Brenner", "description": "Canadian economist", "summary_extract": "Reuven Brenner is a Romanian-born Israeli-Canadian economics professor, holding the REPAP Chair of Economics at McGill University's Desautels Faculty of Management.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1947, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q732439", "subject": "Hasan di Tiro", "wikipedia_title": "Hasan Tiro", "description": "Aceh politician (1925-2010)", "summary_extract": "Hasan Muhammad di Tiro, was the founder of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM), an organisation which attempted to separate Aceh from Indonesia from the 1970s. It surrendered its separatist goals and agreed to disarm as agreed to in the Helsinki peace deal of 2005. He was the maternal great-grandson of Teungku Chik di Tiro, an Acehnese guerilla fighter and national hero of Indonesia who was killed fighting the Dutch in 1891. In 2010 he obtained his Indonesian citizenship back shortly before his death.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2010, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7349654", "subject": "Robert Scott", "wikipedia_title": "Robert Scott (New Zealand politician)", "description": "New Zealand politician, born 1854", "summary_extract": "Robert Scott (1854–1944) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q735271", "subject": "Richard B. Ogilvie", "wikipedia_title": "Richard B. Ogilvie", "description": "U.S. politician, governor of Illinois (1923-1988)", "summary_extract": "Richard Buell Ogilvie was an American attorney and law enforcement officer who served as the 35th governor of Illinois from 1969 to 1973. A wounded combat veteran of World War II, he became known as the mafia-fighting sheriff of Cook County, Illinois, in the 1960s before becoming governor.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7367034", "subject": "Rosa Dainelli", "wikipedia_title": "Rosa Dainelli", "description": "Italian doctor", "summary_extract": "Rosa Dainelli was an Italian doctor and spy in the SIM from Cuveglio who was working in East Africa during World War II, when Allied forces liberated all of East Africa from Italian occupation in the Horn of Africa and returned it to the Ethiopian Empire. She subsequently participated in the Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia against the Allies before returning to Italy.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1973, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q737097", "subject": "D. M. Dassanayake", "wikipedia_title": "D. M. Dassanayake", "description": "Sri Lankan politician (1953-2008)", "summary_extract": "\n\nDassanayake Mudiyanselage Dassanayake was a Sri Lankan politician from the Puttalam District. He was serving as a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and non-cabinet Minister of Nation Building when he was assassinated in a roadside bomb attack on 8 January 2008 in Ja-Ela, twelve miles north of Colombo. The attack, which was blamed on the militant Tamil Tigers organization, killed three people and injured ten others.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7375681", "subject": "Ruairí McKiernan", "wikipedia_title": "Ruairí McKiernan", "description": "Irish businessman", "summary_extract": "Ruairí McKiernan is an Irish author, social entrepreneur and campaigner on youth, community, health, and social justice issues. In 2012, he was appointed to the Irish Council of State by President Michael D. Higgins. He has been named by Ashoka as one of the top 10 people leading social change in Ireland. McKiernan is the author of the bestselling memoir Hitching for Hope, which was published in 2020 by US publisher Chelsea Green Publishing and reached number 1 in the Neilsen Bookscan and Irish Times paperback non-fiction charts.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1977, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q7408652", "subject": "Samantha Ettus", "wikipedia_title": "Samantha Ettus", "description": "American writer", "summary_extract": "Samantha Ettus is an American bestselling author, speaker, TV contributor, activist, and podcast host.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1972, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q74109", "subject": "World War II in Albania", "wikipedia_title": "World War II in Albania", "description": "involvement of Albania in World War II", "summary_extract": "In Albania, World War II began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. Fascist Italy set up Albania as its protectorate or puppet state. The resistance was largely carried out by Communist groups against the Italian and then German occupation in Albania. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q74215", "subject": "Angelika Niebler", "wikipedia_title": "Angelika Niebler", "description": "German politician, MEP", "summary_extract": "Angelika Niebler is a German lawyer and politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 1999. She is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, part of the European People's Party. Since 2015, she has been serving as her party's deputy chairwoman, under the leadership of successive chairmen Horst Seehofer and Markus Söder.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1963, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7443101", "subject": "Second Battle of Naktong Bulge", "wikipedia_title": "Second Battle of Naktong Bulge", "description": "1950 battle of the Korean War", "summary_extract": "The Second Battle of Naktong Bulge was an engagement between United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces early in the Korean War from September 1 to September 15, 1950, along the Naktong River in South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United Nations after large numbers of United States Army (US) troops repelled a strong Korean People's Army (KPA) attack.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7461716", "subject": "Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes", "wikipedia_title": "Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes", "description": "Indonesian doctor", "summary_extract": "Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes was an Indonesian radiology medical doctor. Johannes was the first Indonesian medical doctor who learned radiology in the CBZ in Batavia and then became an expert in Rontgen technology and had contributed a lot to the development of medical studies in Indonesia. The Indonesian government honored WZ Johannes as a National Hero of Indonesia and named a general hospital in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara after him. As a tribute, the name Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes was used on an Indonesian Navy ship, the KRI Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes. Johannes died in 1952 and was buried at the Jati Petamburan Cemetery in Central Jakarta.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q748010", "subject": "North American Aerospace Defense Command", "wikipedia_title": "NORAD", "description": "combined organization of the US and Canada providing air defence for North America", "summary_extract": "The North American Aerospace Defense Command is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7488196", "subject": "Shane Neumann", "wikipedia_title": "Shane Neumann", "description": "Australian rugby league footballer", "summary_extract": "Shane Neumann born 11 July 1987 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for Canterbury-Bankstown and the Manly-Warringah in the National Rugby League. Neumann played in the centres and could also play on the wing.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1987, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7492710", "subject": "1971 Sheffield City Council election", "wikipedia_title": "1971 Sheffield City Council election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1971 Sheffield City Council elections were held on 14 May 1971, with one third up for vote. Since the previous election, a by-election in November for Burngreave seen the Liberals increase their representation to two, with a gain from Labour.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7504247", "subject": "2005 Shropshire County Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2005 Shropshire County Council election", "description": "2005 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "The 2005 elections to Shropshire County Council took place on 5 May 2005, alongside the 2005 general election across the entire United Kingdom.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2005, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7507825", "subject": "Sid Kaufman", "wikipedia_title": "Sid Kaufman", "description": "Australian rugby league player", "summary_extract": "Sid 'Sandy' Kaufman (1891-1971) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7509418", "subject": "Sidney Weintraub", "wikipedia_title": "Sidney Weintraub (economist, born 1922)", "description": "American economist (1922 ― 2014)", "summary_extract": "Sidney Weintraub was an economist, foreign service officer, professor, non-fiction author, and novelist.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2014, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q7509859", "subject": "Siege of Base 46", "wikipedia_title": "Siege of Base 46", "description": "2012 siege of the Syrian Army base", "summary_extract": "The siege of Base 46 was a siege of the Syrian Arab Army base at Urum al-Sughra by opposition forces waged from late September 2012 until 19 November 2012 as part of the Syrian Civil War. It ended on 19 November 2012 after opposition forces stormed and captured Base 46, in what is considered a key strategic victory for Free Syrian Army (FSA) forces operating in northern Syria.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2012, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q754775", "subject": "Athanasios Eftaxias", "wikipedia_title": "Athanasios Eftaxias", "description": "Greek politician (1849-1931)", "summary_extract": "Athanasios Eftaxias was a Greek politician. He was born in Amfikleia, Phthiotis, and was briefly Prime Minister of Greece from 19 July to 23 August 1926. He died in Athens.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1931, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q760029", "subject": "Treblinka uprising", "wikipedia_title": "Treblinka uprising", "description": "August 1943 event at Treblinka concentration camp", "summary_extract": "The Treblinka uprising, also known as the Treblinka revolt, was a rebellion and mass escape of prisoners that took place on 2 August 1943 at the German Nazi Treblinka extermination camp.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["coup", "poland"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7613410", "subject": "Steve Moore", "wikipedia_title": "Steve Moore (comics)", "description": "British comic writer (1949-2014)", "summary_extract": "Steve Moore was a British comics writer.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q76421", "subject": "26/11 Mumbai attacks", "wikipedia_title": "2008 Mumbai attacks", "description": "Islamist terror attacks in India", "summary_extract": "The 2008 Mumbai attacks, colloquially known as 26/11, were a coordinated series of twelve Islamic terrorist attacks carried out in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from 26 to 29 November 2008, by ten members of the Lashkar-e-Taiba. A total of 175 people died, including nine of the attackers, and more than 300 were injured.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2008, "domains": ["international_relations", "terrorist_attack"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q76638", "subject": "Gregor Strasser", "wikipedia_title": "Gregor Strasser", "description": "German politician, rival of Adolf Hitler inside the Nazi Party (1892-1934)", "summary_extract": "Gregor Strasser was a German politician and early leader of the Nazi Party. Along with his younger brother Otto, he was a leading member of the party's northern group, which brought them into conflict with the dominant faction led by Adolf Hitler. Gregor's willingness to engage in political negotiations with Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher in 1932 ultimately led to his resignation and murder in the Night of the Long Knives in 1934. The brothers' strand of the Nazi ideology is later known as Strasserism, a political concept largely popularized by Otto after he left the party in 1930.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q76763769", "subject": "2020 San José mayoral election", "wikipedia_title": "2020 San José mayoral election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Mayoral and municipal elections were held in San Jose, Costa Rica, on 2 February 2020 and were the method by which the citizens of the canton of San José elected the mayor, deputy mayors, syndics, aldermen and district councilors of the capital municipality.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q76841356", "subject": "Wolfgang Gerz", "wikipedia_title": "Wolfgang Gerz", "description": "German sailor", "summary_extract": "Wolfgang Gerz was a German sailor. He competed in the Finn event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Gerz died on 2 April 2023, at the age of 70.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q7687519", "subject": "1950 Tasmanian state election", "wikipedia_title": "1950 Tasmanian state election", "description": "State election in Australia", "summary_extract": "The 1950 Tasmanian state election was held on 6 May 1950 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system — six members were elected from each of five electorates.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q769450", "subject": "Angelo Tasca", "wikipedia_title": "Angelo Tasca", "description": "Italian politician (1892-1960)", "summary_extract": "Angelo Tasca was an Italian politician, writer and historian. Born in Moretta, in the Piedmont region of Italy, he was a founding member of the Communist Party of Italy but was expelled in 1929 for his opposition to Stalinism and supporting the Right Opposition of Nikolai Bukharin. Having experienced persecution by the Fascist regime in Italy, he took refuge in France in 1926 and gained citizenship in 1936. After joining the French Section of the Workers' International in 1934, he worked as a writer for the newspaper Le Populaire.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q77111", "subject": "Friedrich Jeckeln", "wikipedia_title": "Friedrich Jeckeln", "description": "German politician (NSDAP), MdR, General of the Waffen-SS, perpetrator of the Holocaust, lGerman SS general, executed for war crimes including mass murder (1895-1946)", "summary_extract": "Friedrich August Jeckeln was a German Nazi Party member, police official and SS-Obergruppenführer during the Nazi era. He served as a Higher SS and Police Leader in Germany and in the occupied Soviet Union during World War II. Jeckeln was the commander of one of the largest groups of Einsatzgruppen death squads and was personally responsible for ordering and organising the deaths of over 100,000 Jews, Romani and others designated by the Nazis as \"undesirables\". After the end of the war in Europe, Jeckeln was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in Riga and executed by hanging.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1946, "domains": ["military_officer", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q775224", "subject": "Battle of Bani Walid", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Bani Walid", "description": "2011 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of Bani Walid was a military operation in the Libyan Civil War conducted by anti-Gaddafi forces in September and October 2011, in an effort to take control of the desert city of Bani Walid from pro-Gaddafi forces. It began following days of force buildup on the part of the attackers, as well as skirmishes around the city.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2011, "domains": ["battle", "conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q777354", "subject": "Manuel Pimentel", "wikipedia_title": "Manuel Pimentel", "description": "entrepreneur, author, and politician", "summary_extract": "Manuel Ramón Pimentel Siles is a Spanish politician and writer. He served as Minister of Labour and Social of Spain from January 1999 to February 2000. In March 2003, Pimentel abandoned the People's Party (PP) in protest over the Irak War crisis, forming his own party, the Andalusian Forum.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7784760", "subject": "Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 1968", "wikipedia_title": "Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1968", "description": "To change the criteria for redistribution of constituencies for Dáil elections", "summary_extract": "\nTwo referendums, related to the Third and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bills, were held in Ireland on 16 October 1968, each on a proposed amendment of the Irish constitution relating to the electoral system. Both proposals were rejected.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["ceasefire", "referendums"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q779296", "subject": "2006 Hungarian parliamentary election", "wikipedia_title": "2006 Hungarian parliamentary election", "description": "election", "summary_extract": "Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 9 April 2006, with a second round of voting in 110 of the 176 single-member constituencies on 23 April. The Hungarian Socialist Party emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly with 186 of the 386 seats, and continued the coalition government with the Alliance of Free Democrats.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2006, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q781029", "subject": "Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état", "wikipedia_title": "Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état", "description": "coup d'état", "summary_extract": "The Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état was a coup d'état staged by Jean-Bédel Bokassa, commander-in-chief of the Central African Republic (CAR) army, and his officers against the government of President David Dacko on 31 December 1965 and 1 January 1966. Dacko, Bokassa's cousin, took over the country in 1960, and Bokassa, an officer in the French army, joined the CAR army in 1962. By 1965, the country was in turmoil—plagued by corruption and slow economic growth, while its borders were breached by rebels from neighboring countries. Dacko obtained financial aid from the People's Republic of China, but despite this support, the country's problems persisted. Bokassa made plans to take over the government; Dacko was made aware of this, and attempted to counter by forming the gendarmerie headed by Jean Izamo, who quickly became Dacko's closest adviser.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1965, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7826620", "subject": "1937 Toronto municipal election", "wikipedia_title": "1937 Toronto municipal election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "\n\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 6, 1937. Ralph Day was elected mayor defeating incumbent William D. Robbins.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7826641", "subject": "1960 Toronto municipal election", "wikipedia_title": "1960 Toronto municipal election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 5, 1960. Six-year incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips was challenged by former mayor Allan Lamport and Controller Jean Newman. Phillips was returned to office.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7840002", "subject": "Trial of the Generals", "wikipedia_title": "Trial of the Generals (Poland)", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The Trial of the Generals was a totalitarian show trial organized by the communist authorities of the Government of the Polish People's Republic,, between July 31 and August 31, 1951. Its purpose was to cleanse the new pro-Soviet Polish Army of officers who had served in the armed forces of the interwar Poland or in the anti-Nazi resistance during World War II. The trial was used by the authorities in the political struggle for power within the new communist administration, and against Marshal of Poland Michał Rola-Żymierski as well as Generals Marian Spychalski and Wacław Komar, whose political faction had fallen out of grace. The trial was led by the Stalinist Colonel Stanisław Zarakowski.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["conflict", "poland"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q78473599", "subject": "Virginia Roberts Giuffre", "wikipedia_title": "Virginia Giuffre", "description": "advocate for sex trafficking victims (1983–2025)", "summary_extract": "Virginia Lee Roberts Giuffre was an American and Australian advocate for survivors of sex trafficking and one of the most prominent accusers of Jeffrey Epstein. Giuffre provided detailed allegations to media outlets about Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell. She alleged that Epstein ran a trafficking ring, outsourcing girls for sexual services.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1983, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q7863512", "subject": "U. B. Desai", "wikipedia_title": "U. B. Desai", "description": "Director of Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad", "summary_extract": "Uday B. Desai is an Indian academician and the founding director of Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad. He is Professor Emeritus in Electrical engineering at IIT Hyderabad, Chancellor ICFAI Dehradun, Chancellor Anurag University, Hyderabad, Vice-President Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE), Honorary Distinguished Professor Plaksha University, Mohali. He is member of Board of Governor of many academic institutions and member or chair of committees in DST and MEITY. He served as the director of IIT Hyderabad from June 2009 to July 2019, and is credited for taking it to rank among the top 10 engineering colleges in India in the NIRF engineering ranking. He was mentor director of IIT Bhilai from May 2016 to February 2017 and mentor director for IIIT Chittoor 2013–2018.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q7879625", "subject": "Battle of the Seelow Heights", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of the Seelow Heights", "description": "1945 engagement between German and Soviet forces during World War Two", "summary_extract": "The Battle of the Seelow Heights was part of the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation. A pitched battle, it was one of the last assaults on large entrenched defensive positions of the Second World War. It was fought over three days, from 16 to 19 April 1945. Close to 1,000,000 Soviet soldiers of the 1st Belorussian Front, commanded by Marshal Georgy Zhukov, attacked the position known as the \"Gates of Berlin\". They were opposed by about 110,000 soldiers of the German 9th Army, commanded by General Theodor Busse, as part of the Army Group Vistula.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["conflict", "germany"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q788893", "subject": "1992 Lebanese general election", "wikipedia_title": "1992 Lebanese general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Lebanon between 23 August and 11 October 1992, the first since 1972. Independent candidates won the majority of seats, although most of them were considered members of various blocs. Voter turnout was 30%.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["election_start"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7891641", "subject": "1984 United States Senate election in Michigan", "wikipedia_title": "1984 United States Senate election in Michigan", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1984 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 6, 1984. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Levin won re-election to a second term, defeating Republican candidate and former astronaut Jack Lousma. Coinciding with Republican Ronald Reagan's landslide in Michigan and the rest of the country, this was the only Senate election of Levin's career in which his percentage of the vote and margin of victory decreased from the previous one.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q78936", "subject": "Hilde Körber", "wikipedia_title": "Hilde Körber", "description": "Austrian actress (1906-1969)", "summary_extract": "Hilde Körber was an Austrian film actress who worked largely in the German Film Industry. She appeared in 53 films between 1930 and 1964. She was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary and died in West Berlin, West Germany.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1969, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q7899257", "subject": "Upshot-Knothole Simon", "wikipedia_title": "Upshot-Knothole Simon", "description": "1953 U.S. nuclear test", "summary_extract": "Upshot–Knothole Simon was a nuclear detonation conducted as part of the U.S. Operation Upshot–Knothole nuclear testing program. Simon was conducted on 25 April 1953 at the Nevada Test Site, and tested the TX-17/24 thermonuclear weapon design which had a yield of 43 kilotons.Test: Simon\nTime: 12:30 25 April 1953 (GMT)\n04:30 25 April 1953 (local)\nLocation: Nevada Test Site, Area 1\nTest height and type: 300 feet (91 m) tower\nYield: 43 kt", "earliest_anchor_year": 1953, "domains": ["explosion", "military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7932157", "subject": "1957 Vincentian general election", "wikipedia_title": "1957 Vincentian general election", "description": null, "summary_extract": "General elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 12 September 1957. The result was a victory for the People's Political Party, which won five of the eight seats. Voter turnout was 71%.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q795269", "subject": "Sierra Leone Civil War", "wikipedia_title": "Sierra Leone Civil War", "description": "civil war between Commonwealth-backed government and rebel factions", "summary_extract": "The Sierra Leonean Civil War (1991–2002) was a civil war in Sierra Leone that began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Liberian dictator Charles Taylor, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government. The resulting civil war lasted almost 11 years, and had over 50,000, up to 70,000, casualties in total; an estimated 2.5 million people were displaced during the conflict, and widespread atrocities occurred.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q7963799", "subject": "1938 Walsall by-election", "wikipedia_title": "1938 Walsall by-election", "description": "UK by-election", "summary_extract": "\nThe 1938 Walsall by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Walsall on 16 November 1938. The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Liberal National Member of Parliament, Joseph Leckie. The election was won by George Schuster, a fellow Liberal National.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q796498", "subject": "Third Indochina War", "wikipedia_title": "Third Indochina War", "description": "series of wars in Indochina following the end of the Vietnam War", "summary_extract": "The Third Indochina War was a series of interconnected military conflicts among the various communist factions over strategic influence in mainland Southeast Asia after communist victory in South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia in 1975. The conflict primarily started due to continued raids and incursions by the Khmer Rouge into Vietnamese territory that they sought to retake. These incursions would result in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War in which the newly unified Vietnam overthrew the Pol Pot regime and the Khmer Rouge, in turn ending the Cambodian genocide. Vietnam had installed a government led by many opponents of Pol Pot, most notably Hun Sen, a former Khmer Rouge commander. This led to Vietnam's occupation of Cambodia for over a decade. The Vietnamese push to completely destroy the Khmer Rouge led to them conducting border raids in Thailand against those who had provided sanctuary.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["conflict", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q8007518", "subject": "William D. Steers", "wikipedia_title": "William D. Steers", "description": "American urologist and Viagra research pioneer (1955–2015)", "summary_extract": "William D. Steers was a Paul Mellon professor and chair of the Department of Urology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. He was a president of the American Board of Urology (ABU) and editor of The Journal of Urology. In 2003, the University of Virginia awarded Steers the Hovey Dabney Professorship. In 2004, Dr. Steers initiated the Charlottesville Men's Four Miler road race to raise funds for men's health. Steers was a viticulturist, and co-owned Well Hung Vineyard in Charlottesville. He developed YOURometer, an iPhone app used to record urological related symptoms.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1955, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q8009243", "subject": "William Foster", "wikipedia_title": "William Foster (British Army officer)", "description": "British Army officer, born 1881", "summary_extract": "William George Foster, was a British Home Guard officer who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for the heroism he displayed on 13 September 1942 when his prompt actions saved his comrades after a grenade accident during training in Ashley Hill, Clarendon Park near Salisbury in Wiltshire. In protecting his comrades from death or severe injury his own life was lost.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1942, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q8013397", "subject": "William Jackson", "wikipedia_title": "William Jackson (footballer)", "description": "Welsh footballer, born 1876", "summary_extract": "\nWilliam James Jackson was a Welsh footballer. His regular position was as an inside forward. He was born in Flint, Flintshire. He played for Flint, Rhyl, St Helens Recs, Newton Heath, Barrow, Burnley, Wigan County and Chester, where he made his début in an 8–0 win over Rhyl in October 1905. He won one cap for the Welsh national team in March 1899.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["officeholder"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q8079711", "subject": "Čemerno massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Čemerno massacre", "description": "massacre of the Serbs in the village of Čemerno in the Ilijaš Municipality near Sarajevo, on 10 June 1992 during the Bosnian War", "summary_extract": "The Čemerno massacre refers to the massacre of ethnic Serbs of the village of Čemerno, Ilijaš, in the Ilijaš Municipality, near Sarajevo, on 10 June 1992, during the Bosnian War.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1992, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q8198110", "subject": "Ana Oramas", "wikipedia_title": "Ana Oramas", "description": "Spanish politician", "summary_extract": "Ana María Oramas González-Moro is a Spanish politician who has been a member of the Parliament of the Canary Islands from 1991 to 1999, and since 2023. She was a member of the Santa Cruz de Tenerife City Council from 1979 to 1991, mayor of San Cristóbal de La Laguna from 1999 to 2008, and a member of the Congress of Deputies from 2007 to 2023. She is a member of the Canarian Coalition.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q82025391", "subject": "FNDC", "wikipedia_title": "2019–2020 Guinean protests", "description": "Bloody protests against President Alpha Condé", "summary_extract": "The 2019–2020 Guinean protests, or the Front National pour la Défense de la Constitution (FNDC), were a series of violent protests and mass civil unrest around Guinea against the rule of Alpha Condé that first broke out on 14 October 2019 against constitutional changes. More than 800 were killed in violent clashes and political scenes yet ethnic clashes and this spawned even further rhetoric, while the protesters still resisted despite the harsh repression. After the 2020 Guinean presidential election, widespread unrest took place, leading to the deaths of 27 protesters.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2019, "domains": ["protests"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q820617", "subject": "Battle of the Sierra Guadalupe", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of the Sierra Guadalupe", "description": "1936 battle", "summary_extract": "The Battle of the Sierra Guadalupe, also known as the Tagus Campaign, was a continuation of the Nationalist Army's race north toward Madrid in the early stages of the Spanish Civil War. In mid-late August 1936, the three Regulares columns of General Yagüe's Army of Africa dashed through the Sierra de Guadalupe Mountains, also known as Sierra de Villuercas, in central Spain and forded across the Tagus River, capturing several towns and routing the Republicans in a succession of rapid advances.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "spain"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q823446", "subject": "Edoardo Vesentini", "wikipedia_title": "Edoardo Vesentini", "description": "Italian mathematician and politician (1928-2020)", "summary_extract": "Edoardo Vesentini was an Italian mathematician and politician who introduced the Andreotti–Vesentini theorem. He was awarded the Caccioppoli Prize in 1962.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q829279", "subject": "Beryl F. Carroll", "wikipedia_title": "Beryl F. Carroll", "description": "American politician (1860-1939)", "summary_extract": "Beryl Franklin Carroll was the 20th governor of Iowa from 1909 to 1913. He was the first native-born governor of Iowa.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q832273", "subject": "Eritrean–Ethiopian War", "wikipedia_title": "Eritrean–Ethiopian War", "description": "1998–2000 war between Ethiopia and Eritrea", "summary_extract": "The Eritrean–Ethiopian War, also known as the Badme War, was a major armed conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 6, 1998 to June 18, 2000.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1998, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q83557", "subject": "Nikolay Basov", "wikipedia_title": "Nikolay Basov", "description": "Soviet physicist (1922-2001)", "summary_extract": "Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov was a Soviet physicist and educator. For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser, Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Hard Townes.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2001, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q83588229", "subject": "Aucayacu massacre", "wikipedia_title": "Aucayacu massacre", "description": "1986 massacre of gay men and sex workers in Peru", "summary_extract": "The Aucayacu massacre was a selective massacre that occurred on 6 August 1986 in the Peruvian city of Aucayacu (Huánuco). The attack was directed at gay men and sex workers. Those responsible for the attack were members of the MRTA, a terrorist group, during the internal conflict in Peru.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1986, "domains": ["massacre"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q83811531", "subject": "Judie Alimonti", "wikipedia_title": "Judie Alimonti", "description": "Canadian immunologist (1960–2017)", "summary_extract": "Judie Barbara Alimonti (1960–2017) was a Canadian immunologist known for her research on the RVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q843849", "subject": "Operation Attleboro", "wikipedia_title": "Operation Attleboro", "description": "1966 battle of the Vietnam War", "summary_extract": "Operation Attleboro was a Vietnam War search and destroy operation initiated by the 196th Light Infantry Brigade with the objective to discover the location(s) of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong (VC) base areas and force them to fight. The operation was named after Attleboro, Massachusetts, where the brigade had been formed. Operation Attleboro grew to be the largest series of air mobile operations to that time, involving all or elements of the 196th Brigade, 25th Infantry Division, 1st Infantry Division and a brigade of the 4th Infantry Division, as well as numerous Army of the Republic of Vietnam and Regional Forces/Popular Forces and Nùngs. In the end, the operation became a Corps operation commanded by II Field Force, Vietnam.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1966, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q845", "subject": "Pedro Aguirre Cerda", "wikipedia_title": "Pedro Aguirre Cerda", "description": "Chilean politician and president (1879-1941)", "summary_extract": "Pedro Abelino Aguirre Cerda was a Chilean political figure, educator, and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of Chile from 1938 until his death in 1941. He was a center left moderate.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1938, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q84719544", "subject": "Dimitri Venediktov", "wikipedia_title": "Dimitri Venediktov", "description": "soviet and Russian politician (1929–2021)", "summary_extract": "Dimitri Dmitrievich Venediktov was a Soviet and Russian politician who was the Deputy Health Minister of the USSR from 1965 to 1981 under Ministers of Health Boris Petrovsky and Sergei Burenkov. In this role, he was instrumental in the campaign to eradicate smallpox and supplying vaccines for the program He was also involved in organizing the Conference of Alma-Ata which was foundational in the field of public health. He was elected to the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union from 1989 to its dissolution. He later served on the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, focusing on information storage in healthcare. Venediktov died in Moscow on March 27, 2021, at the age of 91.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q85229", "subject": "Friedrich Kraus", "wikipedia_title": "Friedrich Kraus", "description": "Austrian physician (1858–1936)", "summary_extract": "Friedrich Kraus was an Austrian internist. He was born in Bodenbach, Bohemia and died in Berlin. He is remembered for his achievements in the field of electrocardiography and his work in colloid chemistry.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q85245727", "subject": "Liang Wudong", "wikipedia_title": "Liang Wudong", "description": "Chinese physician", "summary_extract": "Liang Wudong was a physician at Xinhua Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, notable for being the first doctor to die from COVID-19 due to a nosocomial infection.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1959, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q85726324", "subject": "1990 Nigerian coup d'état attempt", "wikipedia_title": "1990 Nigerian coup attempt", "description": "1990 coup attempt by major Gideon Okafor in Nigeria", "summary_extract": "The 1990 Nigerian coup d'état attempt was a military coup attempt which took place in Nigeria on 22 April 1990 when a faction of Armed Forces officers, led by Major Gideon Orkar, attempted to overthrow the government of General Ibrahim Babangida. Rebel troops seized the FRCN radio station and various military posts around Lagos, including the military headquarters and presidential residence, the Dodan Barracks. Babangida was present when the barracks were attacked but managed to escape by a back route. In the coup address, Orkar called for the excision of five northern states of Nigeria, he accused Babangida of planning to install himself as Nigeria's life president, accused the Federal Military Government of marginalization of the people of Niger Delta and the entire Southern part of the country.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["conflicts", "coup"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q85767228", "subject": "Hope Bay incident", "wikipedia_title": "Hope Bay incident", "description": "1952 Argentine-British incident in Antarctica", "summary_extract": "The Hope Bay incident occurred in February 1952 at Hope Bay on the Antarctic Peninsula. It involved an Argentine naval party from a nearby onshore base and a British landing party from the survey ship John Biscoe.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1952, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q85804678", "subject": "Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War", "wikipedia_title": "Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War", "description": "Syrian military operation in Lebanon", "summary_extract": "Ba'athist Syria launched a military intervention in the Lebanese Civil War in 1976, one year after the breakout of the war, as Syrian Arab Armed Forces began supporting Maronite militias against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and leftist militias. Syria also raised a proxy militia of its own, the Palestine Liberation Army (PLA). Hafez al-Assad's primary objective was to suppress the rise of PLO and allied pro-Palestinian militias in Lebanon which toed a hardline stance against Israel; the invasion received widespread rebuke in the Arab world.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1976, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q86136", "subject": "Heiko Braak", "wikipedia_title": "Heiko Braak", "description": "German anatomist and pathologist", "summary_extract": "Heiko Braak is a German anatomist at the Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Germany. He has received awards for his work on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. Braak and his colleagues described disease progression in terms of six different stages, each involving abnormal pathology in particular neurological structures. The type and severity of symptoms is correlated to progression through the Braak stages.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1937, "domains": ["physician"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q86274601", "subject": "Roy Vogt", "wikipedia_title": "Roy Vogt", "description": "Canadian economist, professor, literary critic and pastor", "summary_extract": "Roy H. Vogt (1934–1997) was an economist, professor, literary critic and pastor from Steinbach, Manitoba and an important figure in Mennonite literature. Vogt was born in 1934 in Steinbach and pastored First Mennonite Church in Winnipeg where he died in 1997.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1934, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q865572", "subject": "November to Remember", "wikipedia_title": "November to Remember", "description": "extreme Championship Wrestling pay-per-view event series", "summary_extract": "November to Remember was a professional wrestling event produced by Eastern/Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It was held during the month of November from 1993 to 2000. Starting with the 1997 edition the event was broadcast on pay-per-view (PPV). The event was considered to be ECW's flagship supercard, and was typically promoted every year with a video package set to Guns N' Roses's \"November Rain\". The rights to the event now belong to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["event"], "domains_coarse": ["society_other"]}
{"qid": "Q86929", "subject": "2002 European floods", "wikipedia_title": "2002 European floods", "description": "August 2002 flood series", "summary_extract": "In August 2002, a week of intense rainfall produced flooding across a large portion of Europe. It reached the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Ukraine and Russia. The event killed 232 people and left €27.7 billion (US$27.115 billion) in damage. The flood was of a magnitude expected to occur roughly once a century. Flood heights unknown since St. Mary Magdalene's flood were recorded.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2002, "domains": ["floods"], "domains_coarse": ["disasters_accidents"]}
{"qid": "Q87786545", "subject": "Paul García", "wikipedia_title": "Paul García", "description": "Peruvian politician", "summary_extract": "Paul Gabriel García Oviedo is a Peruvian businessman and politician. Currently, he is a Congressman, representing Callao since March 16, 2020.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1990, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q87864", "subject": "Reinhard Süring", "wikipedia_title": "Reinhard Süring", "description": "1866-1950 German meteorologist", "summary_extract": "Reinhard Joachim Süring was a German meteorologist who was a native of Hamburg. He died in Potsdam, East Germany on 29 December 1950.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1950, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q886165", "subject": "Myers Y. Cooper", "wikipedia_title": "Myers Y. Cooper", "description": "American politician (1873-1958)", "summary_extract": "Myers Young Cooper was an American Republican politician and businessman from Ohio. Cooper was the 51st governor of Ohio.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q88663", "subject": "Alexander von Hartmann", "wikipedia_title": "Alexander von Hartmann", "description": "German General and Knight's Cross recipients (1890-1943)", "summary_extract": "Alexander von Hartmann was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 71st Infantry Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Hartmann was killed on 26 January 1943 during the Battle of Stalingrad and was posthumously promoted to General of the Infantry.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1943, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q887418", "subject": "Desmond Hoyte", "wikipedia_title": "Desmond Hoyte", "description": "President of Guyana, politician, lawyer (1929-2002)", "summary_extract": "Hugh Desmond Hoyte was a Guyanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q8964459", "subject": "occupation of the Falkland Islands", "wikipedia_title": "Occupation of the Falkland Islands", "description": "Argentine administration during the Falklands War, formally dissolved 1985", "summary_extract": "The occupation of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was the short-lived Argentine occupation of a group of British islands in the South Atlantic whose sovereignty is disputed by Argentina. Until their invasion on 2 April 1982 by the Argentine military junta, they had been governed by the United Kingdom since it re-established control over them in 1833.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1982, "domains": ["military_history"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q9001183", "subject": "War of the stop signs", "wikipedia_title": "War of the stop signs", "description": "1970s-1995 Franco-Spanish border roads dispute", "summary_extract": "The war of the stop signs was a dispute regarding the N-154 (Spain) / D-68 (France) road that connects the town and Spanish exclave of Llívia with Puigcerdà between the early 1970s and the 1980s.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1970, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q9008266", "subject": "Machurucuto incident", "wikipedia_title": "Machurucuto raid", "description": "1967 battle in Venezuela", "summary_extract": "The Machurucuto raid, also known as the invasion of Machurucuto, was a battle involving the Venezuelan Army and National Guard troops against Cuban-trained guerrillas.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1967, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q904365", "subject": "Daniel S. Kemp", "wikipedia_title": "Daniel S. Kemp", "description": "American chemist (1936–2020)", "summary_extract": "Daniel Schaeffer Kemp was an American organic chemist. He was a professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1936, "domains": ["author"], "domains_coarse": ["literature_publishing"]}
{"qid": "Q90827", "subject": "Hans-Peter Uhl", "wikipedia_title": "Hans-Peter Uhl", "description": "German politician (1944-2019)", "summary_extract": "Hans-Peter Uhl was a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). He was a member of the Bundestag for almost 20 years.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q90843", "subject": "Egon Reinert", "wikipedia_title": "Egon Reinert", "description": "German politician (1908-1959)", "summary_extract": "Hans Egon Reinert was a German politician (CDU) who served as Minister-President of Saarland from 1957 until his death due to a car accident in 1959.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q9094", "subject": "José Mujica", "wikipedia_title": "José Mujica", "description": "Uruguayan guerrilla fighter and politician", "summary_extract": "José Alberto \"Pepe\" Mujica Cordano was an Uruguayan politician, revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and imprisoned for 14 years during the military dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s. A member of the Broad Front coalition of left-wing parties, Mujica was the minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries from 2005 to 2008 and a senator afterwards. As the candidate of the Broad Front, he won the 2009 presidential election and took office as president on 1 March 2010.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q911972", "subject": "Dunkirk evacuation", "wikipedia_title": "Dunkirk evacuation", "description": "evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 27 May and 4 June 1940", "summary_extract": "In the Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, or just Dunkirk, more than 338,000 Allied soldiers were evacuated during the Second World War from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk in northern France between 26 May and 4 June 1940. The operation began after large numbers of Belgian, British, and French troops were cut off and surrounded by German troops during the six-week Battle of France.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1940, "domains": ["battle", "conflict", "the_united_kingdom"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q918544", "subject": "1984–85 UK miners' strike", "wikipedia_title": "1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike", "description": "major labor strike in the United Kingdom", "summary_extract": "From 1984 until 1985, a major miners' strike shook the British coal industry in response to proposed closures of uneconomic pits. It was led by Arthur Scargill of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) against the National Coal Board (NCB), a government agency. Opposition to the strike was led by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who wanted to reduce the power of the trade unions.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1984, "domains": ["conflict", "the_united_kingdom"], "domains_coarse": ["regional_history", "war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q921435", "subject": "Kofi Awoonor", "wikipedia_title": "Kofi Awoonor", "description": "Ghanaian poet and author (1935-2013)", "summary_extract": "Kofi Awoonor was a Ghanaian poet, author and diplomat. His work combined the poetic traditions of his native Ewe people with contemporary and religious symbolism to depict Africa during decolonization. He started writing under the name George Awoonor-Williams, and was also published as Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor. He taught African literature at the University of Ghana. Professor Awoonor was among those who were killed in the September 2013 attack at Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, where he was a participant at the Storymoja Hay Festival.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1935, "domains": ["minister", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q928371", "subject": "Maurice Hallé", "wikipedia_title": "Maurice Hallé", "description": "Canadian politician (1906-1991)", "summary_extract": "Maurice Hallé was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, he was an executive secretary and farmer by career.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1991, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q9302697", "subject": "Wang Geng", "wikipedia_title": "Wang Geng", "description": "Chinese scientist", "summary_extract": "Wang Geng was a Chinese scientist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2024, "domains": ["scientist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q938263", "subject": "Axel Poniatowski", "wikipedia_title": "Axel Poniatowski", "description": "French politician", "summary_extract": "Axel Poniatowski was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2017. He represented Val-d'Oise's 2nd constituency, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1951, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q9393054", "subject": "Zygmunt Podhorski", "wikipedia_title": "Zygmunt Podhorski", "description": "Polish officer", "summary_extract": "Zygmunt Podhorski was Brigadier General of the Polish Army. Born May 25, 1891, Podhorski fought in World War I, Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. Altogether, he served in the military from 1914 until 1946. He died in 1960 in London.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1960, "domains": ["military_officer"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q940618", "subject": "Cod Wars", "wikipedia_title": "Cod Wars", "description": "series of confrontations between the United Kingdom and Iceland in 1958–1976 over cod fisheries", "summary_extract": "The Cod Wars were a series of 20th-century confrontations between Iceland and the United Kingdom about fishing rights in the North Atlantic around Iceland. Each of the disputes ended with an Icelandic victory.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1958, "domains": ["conflict"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q941388", "subject": "Valeriu Muravschi", "wikipedia_title": "Valeriu Muravschi", "description": "Moldovan politician (1949-2020)", "summary_extract": "Valeriu Muravschi was a Moldovan politician and businessman who served as the first prime minister of Moldova between 28 May 1991 and 1 July 1992.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["economist", "politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q94646142", "subject": "I. G. Davis", "wikipedia_title": "Irving Gilman Davis", "description": "American educator", "summary_extract": "Irving Gilman Davis (1885–1939) was an American educator and agricultural economist who taught at the University of Connecticut from 1915 to 1939. He served as Professor of Economics and department chair starting in 1919.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1939, "domains": ["economist"], "domains_coarse": ["science_technology"]}
{"qid": "Q946708", "subject": "Jens Holm", "wikipedia_title": "Jens Holm", "description": "Swedish politician", "summary_extract": "Jens Holm is a Swedish politician. 2006-2009 he served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Left Party\nsitting with the EUL/NGL group. On 27 September 2006 he took up the seat vacated by Jonas Sjöstedt. He was elected to the Swedish Parliament in the 2010 election and remained a member of parliament until the 2022 election.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1971, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q954374", "subject": "Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond", "wikipedia_title": "Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond", "description": "entrepreneur and politician (1944-2014)", "summary_extract": "Edward Enda Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond, OBE, FRCVS, was an Irish-British entrepreneur and politician.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1944, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q956744", "subject": "Jamal al-Atassi", "wikipedia_title": "Jamal al-Atassi", "description": "Syrian politician (1922–2000)", "summary_extract": "Jamal Al-Atassi (1922−2000) was a Syrian Arab nationalist, politician and author. He was one of the earliest ideologues of the nascent Syrian Ba'ath Party, which he joined soon after it was founded. He helped to lay out its constitution and was the man who came up with the party's motto, \"One united Arab Nation with an eternal Message.\" He also served as chief editor of the party's daily newspaper, Al Baath. His daughter, Suheir Atassi, is also a politician and the head of the Assistance Coordination Unit.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2000, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q957806", "subject": "Genuuva Accords", "wikipedia_title": "Geneva Accords (1988)", "description": "agreement that ended Afghan-Soviet war and Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan", "summary_extract": "The Geneva Accords were the agreements on the settlement of the situation relating to Afghanistan, were signed on 14 April 1988 at the Geneva headquarters of the United Nations, between Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the United States and the Soviet Union serving as guarantors.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["peace_conference", "the_soviet_union"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "regional_history"]}
{"qid": "Q96144643", "subject": "František Talíř", "wikipedia_title": "František Talíř", "description": "Czech politician", "summary_extract": "František Talíř is a Czech politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2025. From 2024 to 2025, he served as deputy minister of the environment. From 2020 to 2024, he served as deputy governor of the South Bohemian Region.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1993, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q961563", "subject": "Laurent Louis", "wikipedia_title": "Laurent Louis", "description": "Belgian politician", "summary_extract": "Laurent Louis is a French-speaking Belgian politician, former member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives, and a Holocaust denier. He is known for antisemitic speeches and actions, Holocaust denial, and for spreading rumors about other public figures.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1980, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q96244562", "subject": "2020 Belmont Stakes", "wikipedia_title": "2020 Belmont Stakes", "description": "thoroughbred horse race", "summary_extract": "The 2020 Belmont Stakes was the 152nd running of the Belmont Stakes and the 109th time the event took place at Belmont Park. It was run June 20, 2020, and was won by Tiz the Law, the first New York-bred winner of the event since Forester in 1882. The race is one of the three legs of the American Triple Crown, open to three-year-old Thoroughbreds.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2020, "domains": ["american_sports", "treaty"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government", "sports"]}
{"qid": "Q96362505", "subject": "1961 United States Senate special election in Texas", "wikipedia_title": "1961 United States Senate special election in Texas", "description": null, "summary_extract": "The 1961 United States Senate special election in Texas was held on May 27, 1961. The election was held to replace outgoing Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, who had been elected Vice President of the United States.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q96370934", "subject": "2021 Cornwall Council election", "wikipedia_title": "2021 Cornwall Council election", "description": "2021 UK local government election", "summary_extract": "The 2021 Cornwall Council election took place on 6 May 2021 as part of the 2021 United Kingdom local elections. It was contested under new division boundaries as the number of seats on the council falls from 123 to 87. The election was won by the Conservative Party, who took an overall majority of seats.", "earliest_anchor_year": 2021, "domains": ["election"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q966466", "subject": "Valeriy Litskai", "wikipedia_title": "Valeriy Litskai", "description": "Transnistria politician", "summary_extract": "Valeriy Anatolievich Litskai was the foreign minister of Transnistria from 2000 until July 2008. He was born in Tver in Russia in 1949 and obtained Transnistrian citizenship after Transnistria declared independence. \nHe is the head of the commission of negotiations of Transnistria and Moldova and also one of initiators of the Hague initiative on settlement of conflicts in CIS and executive secretary of the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1949, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q9696", "subject": "John F. Kennedy", "wikipedia_title": "John F. Kennedy", "description": "president of the United States from 1961 to 1963 (1917–1963)", "summary_extract": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as JFK, was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president, at 43 years, and the first Catholic president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress before his presidency.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1961, "domains": ["politician", "statesperson"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q97056", "subject": "Hermann Kastner", "wikipedia_title": "Hermann Kastner", "description": "German jurist, politician and lawyer (1886-1957)", "summary_extract": "Hermann Kastner (1886–1957) was a German politician and served as the deputy prime minister of East Germany between 1949 and 1950. He co-founded the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD). He defected and obtained political asylum from West Germany shortly before he died in Munich.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1957, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q97301037", "subject": "Bernadette Linn", "wikipedia_title": "Bernadette Linn", "description": "Hong Kong government official", "summary_extract": "Bernadette Linn Hon Ho is a Hong Kong government official, currently serving as Secretary for Development.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1964, "domains": ["minister"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q97381399", "subject": "East Timorese civil war", "wikipedia_title": "East Timorese civil war", "description": "1975 civil war", "summary_extract": "In August 1975, a civil war broke out between two opposing political parties in Portuguese Timor: the conservative Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) and the left-leaning Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin). The war took place within the context of decolonisation, as the post–Carnation Revolution Portuguese government sought to give independence to much of the Portuguese Empire. UDT and Fretilin were formed in May 1974, following the legalisation of political parties in Portugal. UDT initially advocated for continuing ties to Portugal, before shifting to promoting a gradual independence process that maintained existing institutions. Fretilin sought independence with a new political system that would address a widespread lack of development in the territory. Also formed during this time was the Timorese Popular Democratic Association (Apodeti), which advocated for an Indonesian annexation of the territory, although Apodeti gained far less popular support than the other two major parties.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1975, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts", "war"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}
{"qid": "Q97770", "subject": "Erwin Ammann", "wikipedia_title": "Erwin Ammann", "description": "German politician (1916–2000)", "summary_extract": "Erwin Ammann was a German politician and member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Between 1946 and 1950 he was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1945, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q98348", "subject": "Johann Anetseder", "wikipedia_title": "Johann Anetseder", "description": "German politician (1898-1948)", "summary_extract": "Johann Anetseder was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from December 1946 - December 1948.\nHe was born in Aichet (Thyrnau) and died in Kellberg near Thyrnau.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1948, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q983537", "subject": "Hank Johnson", "wikipedia_title": "Hank Johnson", "description": "American politician", "summary_extract": "Henry Calvin Johnson Jr. is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Georgia's 4th congressional district since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is anchored in Atlanta's inner eastern suburbs, including the majority of DeKalb County—which encompasses Decatur, Lithonia, Stone Mountain, Dunwoody, Brookhaven, and Doraville—as well as parts of Gwinnett County, including Peachtree Corners, Lawrenceville, Duluth, and Norcross, along with a small portion of the city of Atlanta.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1954, "domains": ["politician"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q98489480", "subject": "Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs", "wikipedia_title": "Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs", "description": "treaty", "summary_extract": "The Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs, commonly known as the Locarno Agreement, is an international treaty signed in Locarno, Switzerland, on October 8, 1968. It establishes a common classification system for industrial designs relating to industrial property, through a list of classes and subclasses, as well as an alphabetical list of products that may be the subject of designs and models. This classification is known as the Locarno Classification. The treaty is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), which is also responsible for publishing the classification.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1968, "domains": ["treaties"], "domains_coarse": ["politics_government"]}
{"qid": "Q99438631", "subject": "1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert", "wikipedia_title": "1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert", "description": "expulsion of Armenians from Shusha and Azerbaijanis from Stepanakert", "summary_extract": "The 1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert was the expulsion of the ethnic Armenian population of Shusha and the ethnic Azerbaijani population of Stepanakert, in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast in the Azerbaijani SSR, Soviet Union, from September 18 to 20, 1988. During the violence, 33 Armenians and 16 Azerbaijanis were wounded, more than 30 houses hed been set on fire, and a 61-year-old Armenian was killed. At the end of the violence, 3,117 ethnic Azerbaijanis were forced to leave Stepanakert.", "earliest_anchor_year": 1988, "domains": ["conflict", "conflicts"], "domains_coarse": ["war_conflict"]}