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| 1 |
+
---
|
| 2 |
+
library_name: cactus-needle
|
| 3 |
+
pipeline_tag: text-generation
|
| 4 |
+
license: apache-2.0
|
| 5 |
+
tags:
|
| 6 |
+
- tool-calling
|
| 7 |
+
- function-calling
|
| 8 |
+
- on-device
|
| 9 |
+
- edge
|
| 10 |
+
- quantization
|
| 11 |
+
- webassembly
|
| 12 |
+
---
|
| 13 |
+
|
| 14 |
+

|
| 15 |
+
|
| 16 |
+
# Needle 2
|
| 17 |
+
|
| 18 |
+
Needle 2 is a 45M-parameter foundation tool call/use model for tiny devices; run it or embed it in phones, wearables, watches, TVs, smart home, small robots.
|
| 19 |
+
Compressed to CQ2-bit with Cactus Quants, the whole model ships as a single 14MB binary that runs a full session in 28MB of RAM.
|
| 20 |
+
A Raspberry Pi 5 prefills at 1.3k tok/s and decodes at 500+; an iPhone 17 Pro prefills at 3k+ and decodes at 1k+.
|
| 21 |
+
|
| 22 |
+
- **Self-contained**: model baked into the binary, no runtime, no downloads, no network.
|
| 23 |
+
- **Runs everywhere**: ARM64, x86-64, ARMv7, RISC-V, Cortex-M, and WebAssembly, on Apple, Windows, Linux, Android, Raspberry Pi.
|
| 24 |
+
- **Simple contract**: tool calls come back as structured data, text in, JSON out; a byte-level grammar compiled from your schemas constrains every token.
|
| 25 |
+
- **Confidence-gated**: every response carries a calibrated confidence score from a learned head; set a threshold, act above it, escalate below it.
|
| 26 |
+
- **Tool retrieval**: declare a large catalogue and a built-in retrieval head renders only the top ten tools per turn, with the grammar constrained to that subset.
|
| 27 |
+
- **Bounded memory**: a 256-token sliding window with the tools pinned as KV sinks; session memory caps near 14MB no matter how long the conversation runs.
|
| 28 |
+
|
| 29 |
+

|
| 30 |
+
|
| 31 |
+
## Quickstart with Python
|
| 32 |
+
|
| 33 |
+
```sh
|
| 34 |
+
pip install cactus-needle
|
| 35 |
+
```
|
| 36 |
+
|
| 37 |
+
The PyPI package is a small pure-Python shim; the first `import needle` downloads the engine for your platform (~13 MB, cached in `~/.cache/cactus-needle`), so the first run needs network. Every run after is offline.
|
| 38 |
+
|
| 39 |
+
```python
|
| 40 |
+
import needle
|
| 41 |
+
|
| 42 |
+
tools = [
|
| 43 |
+
{"name": "set_timer",
|
| 44 |
+
"parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"minutes": {"type": "integer"}, "label": {"type": "string"}}}},
|
| 45 |
+
{"name": "play_music",
|
| 46 |
+
"parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"query": {"type": "string"}}}},
|
| 47 |
+
]
|
| 48 |
+
|
| 49 |
+
agent = needle.Needle(tools=tools)
|
| 50 |
+
# with many tools, persist their embeddings across runs:
|
| 51 |
+
# agent = needle.Needle(tools=tools, tool_index_path="tools.idx")
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
response = agent.complete("set a 10 minute timer for the pasta")
|
| 54 |
+
|
| 55 |
+
if response["type"] == "call":
|
| 56 |
+
tool_result = run_tool(response["function_calls"][0])
|
| 57 |
+
response = agent.complete(tool_result)
|
| 58 |
+
response = agent.complete("and put on some jazz")
|
| 59 |
+
|
| 60 |
+
agent.reset()
|
| 61 |
+
```
|
| 62 |
+
|
| 63 |
+
Every turn returns one JSON object:
|
| 64 |
+
|
| 65 |
+
```json
|
| 66 |
+
{
|
| 67 |
+
"type": "call",
|
| 68 |
+
"success": true,
|
| 69 |
+
"error": null,
|
| 70 |
+
"error_code": null,
|
| 71 |
+
"function_calls": [ { "name": "set_lights", "arguments": { "room": "living room", "on": true, "brightness": 30 } } ],
|
| 72 |
+
"reasoning": "'living room' -> room; 'dim' -> on true, brightness 30",
|
| 73 |
+
"confidence": 0.94,
|
| 74 |
+
"prefill_tps": 4300.0,
|
| 75 |
+
"decode_tps": 850.0,
|
| 76 |
+
"peak_ram_mb": 28.0
|
| 77 |
+
}
|
| 78 |
+
```
|
| 79 |
+
|
| 80 |
+
## Behaviour
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
Needle solves every problem as a function call. The context declares what may be called; the model answers with calls. Performing an action and extracting structured data are the same operation, the only difference is what you declare.
|
| 83 |
+
|
| 84 |
+
- A request no declared tool can serve is refused with the empty call `[]`. That is the whole contract for off-topic input; there is no free-text fallback.
|
| 85 |
+
- Arguments contain only values evidenced by the input. An optional field with no evidence is omitted, not guessed; omission is the field-level `[]`.
|
| 86 |
+
- `reasoning` is the model's short derivation of each argument from its source span (`'ten minutes' -> minutes 10`). It is generated unconstrained; only the call itself is grammar-constrained, so the JSON cannot be malformed while the derivation stays legible.
|
| 87 |
+
- After you execute a call, pass the result back as the next `complete()`. The model continues from it, and later arguments may depend on earlier results: `search_for_contact` first, then `send_instant_message` with the returned `contact_id`. A final step may answer in plain text from the results: `"type": "respond"` with empty `function_calls`.
|
| 88 |
+
- A session shares one toolset. Later turns are bare queries against the same tools; `reset()` rewinds the conversation and keeps the tools loaded.
|
| 89 |
+
|
| 90 |
+
## System facts
|
| 91 |
+
|
| 92 |
+
An optional system turn carries environment state as facts, never instructions:
|
| 93 |
+
|
| 94 |
+
```
|
| 95 |
+
date: 2026-07-21 Tue 14:30; locale: en-US; device: phone; battery: 62%
|
| 96 |
+
```
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
Recognized keys are `date`, `locale`, `device`, `battery`, `network`, `location`, `user`, and `assistant`. The model resolves relative language against them: "tomorrow at 7" becomes an absolute time only when a `date:` fact licenses it, otherwise the human phrase passes through verbatim. `assistant:` declares the identity the model binds to. Pass the turn with `--system system.txt` on the CLI or `needle.Needle(tools=tools, system="date: ...")` in Python. Needle trains with and without the turn, so omitting it is safe; instructions placed there do not steer the model.
|
| 99 |
+
|
| 100 |
+
## Deploy Needle
|
| 101 |
+
|
| 102 |
+
Download the folder for your platform from the release:
|
| 103 |
+
|
| 104 |
+
| your device | folder | command-line | library |
|
| 105 |
+
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 106 |
+
| Mac (Apple Silicon) | `macos-arm64` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 107 |
+
| Linux x86-64 (PC, server, AMD) | `linux-x86_64` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 108 |
+
| Linux ARM64 (Raspberry Pi, server) | `linux-arm64` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 109 |
+
| Linux ARMv7 (32-bit) | `linux-armv7` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 110 |
+
| Linux RISC-V | `linux-riscv64` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 111 |
+
| Linux MIPS32el (Ingenic cameras, routers) | `linux-mipsel` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 112 |
+
| Windows x64 | `windows-x86_64` | `needle.exe` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 113 |
+
| Windows ARM | `windows-arm64` | `needle.exe` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 114 |
+
| Android | `android-arm64` / `android-armv7` / `android-riscv64` | `needle` | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 115 |
+
| iOS / watchOS / tvOS | `ios-arm64` / `watchos-arm64` / `tvos-arm64` | - | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 116 |
+
| Cortex-M (bare-metal/RTOS) | `cortex-m4` / `cortex-m7` / `cortex-m55` | - | `libneedle.a` |
|
| 117 |
+
| Browser / Node (WebAssembly) | `wasm` | - | `needle.js` + `needle.wasm` |
|
| 118 |
+
|
| 119 |
+
To run it, use the command-line binary. On macOS, Linux, or Android:
|
| 120 |
+
|
| 121 |
+
```sh
|
| 122 |
+
# answer one query and exit
|
| 123 |
+
./needle --tools tools.json --prompt "dim the living room to 30"
|
| 124 |
+
|
| 125 |
+
# or an HTTP server on localhost:8080 (POST /complete {"input": "..."})
|
| 126 |
+
./needle --tools tools.json --serve
|
| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
# with a large tool catalogue, persist tool embeddings across runs
|
| 129 |
+
./needle --tools tools.json --tool-index tools.idx --serve
|
| 130 |
+
```
|
| 131 |
+
|
| 132 |
+
`tools.json` is a JSON array of the functions the assistant may call:
|
| 133 |
+
|
| 134 |
+
```json
|
| 135 |
+
[
|
| 136 |
+
{
|
| 137 |
+
"name": "set_lights",
|
| 138 |
+
"description": "Turn a room's lights on or off and set brightness",
|
| 139 |
+
"parameters": {
|
| 140 |
+
"type": "object",
|
| 141 |
+
"properties": {
|
| 142 |
+
"room": { "type": "string" },
|
| 143 |
+
"on": { "type": "boolean" },
|
| 144 |
+
"brightness": { "type": "integer", "description": "0 to 100" }
|
| 145 |
+
},
|
| 146 |
+
"required": ["room", "on"]
|
| 147 |
+
}
|
| 148 |
+
},
|
| 149 |
+
{
|
| 150 |
+
"name": "play_music",
|
| 151 |
+
"description": "Play music matching a mood, genre, or artist",
|
| 152 |
+
"parameters": {
|
| 153 |
+
"type": "object",
|
| 154 |
+
"properties": { "query": { "type": "string" } },
|
| 155 |
+
"required": ["query"]
|
| 156 |
+
}
|
| 157 |
+
},
|
| 158 |
+
{
|
| 159 |
+
"name": "send_message",
|
| 160 |
+
"description": "Text a contact",
|
| 161 |
+
"parameters": {
|
| 162 |
+
"type": "object",
|
| 163 |
+
"properties": {
|
| 164 |
+
"to": { "type": "string" },
|
| 165 |
+
"body": { "type": "string" }
|
| 166 |
+
},
|
| 167 |
+
"required": ["to", "body"]
|
| 168 |
+
}
|
| 169 |
+
}
|
| 170 |
+
]
|
| 171 |
+
```
|
| 172 |
+
|
| 173 |
+
## Tool retrieval
|
| 174 |
+
|
| 175 |
+
Ten or fewer declared tools render directly. Above that, retrieval engages: at init every tool schema is embedded once by a built-in contrastive head,
|
| 176 |
+
each turn embeds the query, and only the ten highest-scoring tools enter the context, with the grammar rebuilt over just that subset. an unselected
|
| 177 |
+
tool is unreachable, not merely unlikely. `--tool-index <path>` (CLI) or `tool_index_path` (Python) persists the embeddings on disk, keyed by a fingerprint
|
| 178 |
+
over the schemas and the model; a matching fingerprint loads instantly, a changed schema re-embeds only what changed.
|
| 179 |
+
|
| 180 |
+
## Confidence
|
| 181 |
+
|
| 182 |
+
The `confidence` field is the minimum of two signals: a calibrated post-hoc head that scores the full prompt plus the call the model just produced, and
|
| 183 |
+
the decoding probability of the call tokens. A call is accepted only when both agree, so the failure mode is escalation, not wrong execution. The contract:
|
| 184 |
+
pick a threshold for your product, act at or above it, re-ask or route to a bigger model below it. Off-topic requests return the empty call `[]`.
|
| 185 |
+
|
| 186 |
+
## Custom weights
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
- `needle_load(cact, n)` borrows the caller's buffer: no copy is made, the pointer must stay valid and unmodified until the next `needle_load` call or process exit. This is the load path when weights are not embedded (WebAssembly, or bytes fetched over a network); to load a `.cact` from disk, read the file and pass the bytes.
|
| 189 |
+
- Embedded builds keep the weights in the binary's read-only section; all weight bytes stay file-backed and evictable, nothing is copied to the heap.
|
| 190 |
+
|
| 191 |
+
## Extraction
|
| 192 |
+
|
| 193 |
+
Extraction is the same exchange as tool calling: declare the record schema as the only tool and pass the content as the prompt; the passage sits where the query sits, and the returned call's `arguments` are the extracted fields. With one declared tool the grammar admits exactly one call of that name, the `tool_choice` equivalent, so schema conformance is guaranteed rather than requested. There is no separate JSON mode.
|
| 194 |
+
|
| 195 |
+
`schema.json` describes the record to extract:
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
```json
|
| 198 |
+
[
|
| 199 |
+
{
|
| 200 |
+
"name": "receipt",
|
| 201 |
+
"description": "A purchase receipt shared as text",
|
| 202 |
+
"parameters": {
|
| 203 |
+
"type": "object",
|
| 204 |
+
"properties": {
|
| 205 |
+
"merchant": { "type": "string" },
|
| 206 |
+
"total": { "type": "number" },
|
| 207 |
+
"currency": { "type": "string" },
|
| 208 |
+
"line_items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object" } }
|
| 209 |
+
},
|
| 210 |
+
"required": ["merchant", "total"]
|
| 211 |
+
}
|
| 212 |
+
}
|
| 213 |
+
]
|
| 214 |
+
```
|
| 215 |
+
|
| 216 |
+
```sh
|
| 217 |
+
./needle --tools schema.json --prompt "GreenMart receipt: oat milk 3.50, total 7.75 paid by visa"
|
| 218 |
+
```
|
| 219 |
+
|
| 220 |
+
```json
|
| 221 |
+
{ "type": "call", "function_calls": [ { "name": "receipt", "arguments": { "merchant": "GreenMart", "total": 7.75 } } ] }
|
| 222 |
+
```
|