---
language:
- multilingual
base_model:
- google/t5gemma-2-270m-270m
pipeline_tag: text-ranking
datasets:
- KaLM-Embedding/KaLM-embedding-finetuning-data
- Shitao/bge-m3-data
tags:
- reranker
- encoder-decoder
- FBNL
license: mit
---




<h1 align="center">KaLM-Reranker-V1: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Reranking</h1>


<p align="center">
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/KaLM-Embedding/lychee-kalm-reranker">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97_Collection-Model-ffbd45.svg" alt="HF Collection">
  </a>
  <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20923">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Paper-KaLM--Reranker--V1-d4333f?logo=arxiv&logoColor=white&colorA=cccccc&colorB=d4333f&style=flat" alt="Paper">
  </a>
</p>


We present `KaLM-Reranker-V1`, a fast but not late-interaction (FBNL) reranker that decouples query and passage computation while retaining expressive relevance modeling. 

Built on an encoder-decoder architecture, KaLM-Reranker-V1 uses the encoder to pre-encode passages with Matryoshka embedding pooling, while the decoder models the system instruction, user instruction, and query intent; cross-attention then captures relevance between the query context and passage representations. 
This design makes KaLM-Reranker-V1 efficient through decoupled passage encoding, yet not late interaction, by preserving rich relevance modeling through cross-attention. 

We instantiate KaLM-Reranker-V1 in three sizes, `Nano`, `Small`, and `Large`, with `0.27B`, `1B`, and `4B` activated parameters, respectively.


![kalm-reranker-v1 architecture](./assets/framework.jpg)


Extensive experiments on BEIR, MIRACL, and LMEB show that the KaLM-Reranker-V1 series achieves competitive reranking performance compared with strong industrial rerankers while significantly reducing online overhead.

# Model Details
| Models | Activated Params. | Non-Embedding Params. | Embedding Params. | #Layers | Sequence Length | Document Token Dim. | MEP Support | Instruction Aware |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| [KaLM-Reranker-V1-Nano](https://huggingface.co/KaLM-Embedding/KaLM-Reranker-V1-Nano) | 0.27B | 100M | 168M | 18 | 128K | 640 | 1x-32x | Yes |
| [KaLM-Reranker-V1-Small](https://huggingface.co/KaLM-Embedding/KaLM-Reranker-V1-Small) | 1B | 698M | 302M | 26 | 128K | 1152 | 1x-32x | Yes |
| [KaLM-Reranker-V1-Large](https://huggingface.co/KaLM-Embedding/KaLM-Reranker-V1-Large) | 4B | 3209M | 675M | 34 | 128K | 2560 | 1x-32x | Yes |


# Prompt Template
```python
 f"<Document>: {document}"

```
```python
(
    f"<bos><start_of_turn>user\n"
    f"Judge whether the Document meets the requirements based on the Query and the Instruct provided. Note that the answer can only be \"yes\" or \"no\".\n\n"
    f"<Instruct>: {task_instruction}\n"
    f"<Query>: {query}<end_of_turn>\n"
    f"<start_of_turn>model\n\n\n\n"
)

```

![kalm-reranker-v1 template](./assets/template.jpg)


# Evaluation
## BEIR


## MIRACL


## LMEB