---
library_name: transformers
license: other
license_name: lfm1.0
license_link: LICENSE
language:
- en
- ar
- zh
- fr
- de
- ja
- ko
- es
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- liquid
- lfm2.5
- edge
base_model: LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Base
---
# LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct GGUF Models
## Model Generation Details
This model was generated using [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp) at commit [`0c21677e4`](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/commit/0c21677e43044d27f6f7a7f9f95c67f7c4b3fdb4).
---
Click here to get info on choosing the right GGUF model format
---
# LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct
LFM2.5 is a new family of hybrid models designed for **on-device deployment**. It builds on the LFM2 architecture with extended pre-training and reinforcement learning.
- **Best-in-class performance**: A 1.2B model rivaling much larger models, bringing high-quality AI to your pocket.
- **Fast edge inference**: 239 tok/s decode on AMD CPU, 82 tok/s on mobile NPU. Runs under 1GB of memory with day-one support for llama.cpp, MLX, and vLLM.
- **Scaled training**: Extended pre-training from 10T to 28T tokens and large-scale multi-stage reinforcement learning.
Find more information about LFM2.5 in our [blog post](https://www.liquid.ai/blog/introducing-lfm2-5-the-next-generation-of-on-device-ai).
## 🗒️ Model Details
| Model | Parameters | Description |
|-------|------------|-------------|
| [LFM2.5-1.2B-Base](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Base) | 1.2B | Pre-trained base model for fine-tuning |
| [**LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct**](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct) | 1.2B | General-purpose instruction-tuned model |
| [LFM2.5-1.2B-Thinking](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Thinking) | 1.2B | General-purpose reasoning model |
| [LFM2.5-1.2B-JP](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-JP) | 1.2B | Japanese-optimized chat model |
| [LFM2.5-VL-1.6B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-VL-1.6B) | 1.6B | Vision-language model with fast inference |
| [LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B) | 1.5B | Audio-language model for speech and text I/O |
LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct is a general-purpose text-only model with the following features:
- **Number of parameters**: 1.17B
- **Number of layers**: 16 (10 double-gated LIV convolution blocks + 6 GQA blocks)
- **Training budget**: 28T tokens
- **Context length**: 32,768 tokens
- **Vocabulary size**: 65,536
- **Knowledge cutoff**: Mid-2024
- **Languages**: English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Spanish
- **Generation parameters**:
- `temperature: 0.1`
- `top_k: 50`
- `top_p: 0.1`
- `repetition_penalty: 1.05`
| Model | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| [**LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct**](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct) | Original model checkpoint in native format. Best for fine-tuning or inference with Transformers and vLLM. |
| [LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-GGUF](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-GGUF) | Quantized format for llama.cpp and compatible tools. Optimized for CPU inference and local deployment with reduced memory usage. |
| [LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-ONNX](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-ONNX) | ONNX Runtime format for cross-platform deployment. Enables hardware-accelerated inference across diverse environments (cloud, edge, mobile). |
| [LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-MLX](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-MLX-8bit) | MLX format for Apple Silicon. Optimized for fast inference on Mac devices using the MLX framework. |
We recommend using it for agentic tasks, data extraction, and RAG. It is not recommended for knowledge-intensive tasks and programming.
### Chat Template
LFM2.5 uses a ChatML-like format. See the [Chat Template documentation](https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/key-concepts/chat-template) for details. Example:
```
<|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
You are a helpful assistant trained by Liquid AI.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is C. elegans?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
```
You can use [`tokenizer.apply_chat_template()`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/chat_templating#using-applychattemplate) to format your messages automatically.
### Tool Use
LFM2.5 supports function calling as follows:
1. **Function definition**: We recommend providing the list of tools as a JSON object in the system prompt. You can also use the [`tokenizer.apply_chat_template()`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/chat_extras#passing-tools) function with tools.
2. **Function call**: By default, LFM2.5 writes Pythonic function calls (a Python list between `<|tool_call_start|>` and `<|tool_call_end|>` special tokens), as the assistant answer. You can override this behavior by asking the model to output JSON function calls in the system prompt.
3. **Function execution**: The function call is executed, and the result is returned as a "tool" role.
4. **Final answer**: LFM2 interprets the outcome of the function call to address the original user prompt in plain text.
See the [Tool Use documentation](https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/key-concepts/tool-use) for the full guide. Example:
```
<|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
List of tools: [{"name": "get_candidate_status", "description": "Retrieves the current status of a candidate in the recruitment process", "parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"candidate_id": {"type": "string", "description": "Unique identifier for the candidate"}}, "required": ["candidate_id"]}}]<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is the current status of candidate ID 12345?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<|tool_call_start|>[get_candidate_status(candidate_id="12345")]<|tool_call_end|>Checking the current status of candidate ID 12345.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>tool
[{"candidate_id": "12345", "status": "Interview Scheduled", "position": "Clinical Research Associate", "date": "2023-11-20"}]<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The candidate with ID 12345 is currently in the "Interview Scheduled" stage for the position of Clinical Research Associate, with an interview date set for 2023-11-20.<|im_end|>
```
## 🏃 Inference
LFM2.5 is supported by many inference frameworks. See the [Inference documentation](https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/transformers) for the full list.
| Name | Description | Docs | Notebook |
|------|-------------|------|:--------:|
| [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) | Simple inference with direct access to model internals. | Link | 
|
| [vLLM](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) | High-throughput production deployments with GPU. | Link | |
| [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) | Cross-platform inference with CPU offloading. | Link | |
| [MLX](https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx) | Apple's machine learning framework optimized for Apple Silicon. | Link | — |
| [LM Studio](https://lmstudio.ai/) | Desktop application for running LLMs locally. | Link | — |
Here's a quick start example with Transformers:
```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, TextStreamer
model_id = "LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_id,
device_map="auto",
dtype="bfloat16",
# attn_implementation="flash_attention_2" <- uncomment on compatible GPU
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
streamer = TextStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True)
prompt = "What is C. elegans?"
input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
add_generation_prompt=True,
return_tensors="pt",
tokenize=True,
).to(model.device)
output = model.generate(
input_ids,
do_sample=True,
temperature=0.1,
top_k=50,
top_p=0.1,
repetition_penalty=1.05,
max_new_tokens=512,
streamer=streamer,
)
```
## 🔧 Fine-Tuning
We recommend fine-tuning LFM2.5 for your specific use case to achieve the best results.
| Name | Description | Docs | Notebook |
|------|-------------|------|----------|
| CPT ([Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)) | Continued Pre-Training using Unsloth for text completion. | Link | |
| CPT ([Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)) | Continued Pre-Training using Unsloth for translation. | Link | |
| SFT ([Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)) | Supervised Fine-Tuning with LoRA using Unsloth. | Link | |
| SFT ([TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl)) | Supervised Fine-Tuning with LoRA using TRL. | Link | |
| DPO ([TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl)) | Direct Preference Optimization with LoRA using TRL. | Link | |
| GRPO ([Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)) | GRPO with LoRA using Unsloth. | Link | |
| GRPO ([TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl)) | GRPO with LoRA using TRL. | Link | |
## 📊 Performance
### Benchmarks
We compared LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct with relevant sub-2B models on a diverse suite of benchmarks.
| Model | GPQA | MMLU-Pro | IFEval | IFBench | Multi-IF | AIME25 | BFCLv3 |
|-------|------|----------|--------|---------|----------|--------|--------|
| **LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct** | 38.89 | 44.35 | 86.23 | 47.33 | 60.98 | 14.00 | 49.12 |
| Qwen3-1.7B (instruct)| 34.85 | 42.91 | 73.68 | 21.33 | 56.48 | 9.33 | 46.30 |
| Granite 4.0-1B | 24.24 | 33.53 | 79.61 | 21.00 | 43.65 | 3.33 | 52.43 |
| Llama 3.2 1B Instruct | 16.57 | 20.80 | 52.37 | 15.93 | 30.16 | 0.33 | 21.44 |
| Gemma 3 1B IT | 24.24 | 14.04 | 63.25 | 20.47 | 44.31 | 1.00 | 16.64 |
GPQA, MMLU-Pro, IFBench, and AIME25 follow [ArtificialAnalysis's methodology](https://artificialanalysis.ai/methodology/intelligence-benchmarking). For IFEval and Multi-IF, we report the average score across strict and loose prompt and instruction accuracies. For BFCLv3, we report the final weighted average score with a custom Liquid handler to support our tool use template.
### Inference speed
LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct offers extremely fast inference speed on CPUs with a low memory profile compared to similar-sized models.
In addition, we are partnering with AMD, Qualcomm, and Nexa AI to bring the LFM2.5 family to NPUs. These optimized models are available through our partners, enabling highly efficient on-device inference.
The following numbers have been calculated using 1K prefill and 100 decode tokens:
| Device | Inference | Framework | Model | Prefill (tok/s) | Decode (tok/s) | Memory (GB) |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------- | -------------------- | --------------- | -------------- | ----------- |
| Qualcomm Snapdragon® X Elite | NPU | NexaML | LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct | 2591 | 63 | 0.9GB |
| Qualcomm Snapdragon® Gen4 (ROG Phone9 Pro) | NPU | NexaML | LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct | 4391 | 82 | 0.9GB |
| Qualcomm Snapdragon® Gen4 (Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra) | CPU | llama.cpp (Q4_0) | LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct | 335 | 70 | 719MB |
| Qualcomm Snapdragon® Gen4 (Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra) | CPU | llama.cpp (Q4_0) | Qwen3-1.7B | 181 | 40 | 1306MB |
These capabilities unlock new deployment scenarios across various devices, including vehicles, mobile devices, laptops, IoT devices, and embedded systems.
## Contact
For enterprise solutions and edge deployment, contact [sales@liquid.ai](mailto:sales@liquid.ai).
## Citation
```bibtex
@article{liquidai2025lfm2,
title={LFM2 Technical Report},
author={Liquid AI},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.23404},
year={2025}
}
```
---
# 🚀 If you find these models useful
Help me test my **AI-Powered Quantum Network Monitor Assistant** with **quantum-ready security checks**:
👉 [Quantum Network Monitor](https://readyforquantum.com/?assistant=open&utm_source=huggingface&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=huggingface_repo_readme)
The full Open Source Code for the Quantum Network Monitor Service available at my github repos ( repos with NetworkMonitor in the name) : [Source Code Quantum Network Monitor](https://github.com/Mungert69). You will also find the code I use to quantize the models if you want to do it yourself [GGUFModelBuilder](https://github.com/Mungert69/GGUFModelBuilder)
💬 **How to test**:
Choose an **AI assistant type**:
- `TurboLLM` (GPT-4.1-mini)
- `HugLLM` (Hugginface Open-source models)
- `TestLLM` (Experimental CPU-only)
### **What I’m Testing**
I’m pushing the limits of **small open-source models for AI network monitoring**, specifically:
- **Function calling** against live network services
- **How small can a model go** while still handling:
- Automated **Nmap security scans**
- **Quantum-readiness checks**
- **Network Monitoring tasks**
🟡 **TestLLM** – Current experimental model (llama.cpp on 2 CPU threads on huggingface docker space):
- ✅ **Zero-configuration setup**
- ⏳ 30s load time (slow inference but **no API costs**) . No token limited as the cost is low.
- 🔧 **Help wanted!** If you’re into **edge-device AI**, let’s collaborate!
### **Other Assistants**
🟢 **TurboLLM** – Uses **gpt-4.1-mini** :
- **It performs very well but unfortunatly OpenAI charges per token. For this reason tokens usage is limited.
- **Create custom cmd processors to run .net code on Quantum Network Monitor Agents**
- **Real-time network diagnostics and monitoring**
- **Security Audits**
- **Penetration testing** (Nmap/Metasploit)
🔵 **HugLLM** – Latest Open-source models:
- 🌐 Runs on Hugging Face Inference API. Performs pretty well using the lastest models hosted on Novita.
### 💡 **Example commands you could test**:
1. `"Give me info on my websites SSL certificate"`
2. `"Check if my server is using quantum safe encyption for communication"`
3. `"Run a comprehensive security audit on my server"`
4. '"Create a cmd processor to .. (what ever you want)" Note you need to install a [Quantum Network Monitor Agent](https://readyforquantum.com/Download/?utm_source=huggingface&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=huggingface_repo_readme) to run the .net code on. This is a very flexible and powerful feature. Use with caution!
### Final Word
I fund the servers used to create these model files, run the Quantum Network Monitor service, and pay for inference from Novita and OpenAI—all out of my own pocket. All the code behind the model creation and the Quantum Network Monitor project is [open source](https://github.com/Mungert69). Feel free to use whatever you find helpful.
If you appreciate the work, please consider [buying me a coffee](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mahadeva) ☕. Your support helps cover service costs and allows me to raise token limits for everyone.
I'm also open to job opportunities or sponsorship.
Thank you! 😊
