# Papers

## Verified Pashto Resources

| Resource | Link | Pashto Evidence | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Pushto) Pakhto Nasar Kay Da Matbooa Tarjumo Yova Tanqeedi Mutala/Jaiza. | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0da0e8535262d1f26f04dd6bc2f091474cab4150) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0da0e8535262d1f26f04dd6bc2f091474cab4150) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| A Comparative Analysis of Pashto Ghazals and English Sonnets in 17th Century | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55b044485b2f134c69c9b9b6dfeaa7e71e704b3d) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55b044485b2f134c69c9b9b6dfeaa7e71e704b3d) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| A Dictionary of the Pukhto, Pushto, or Language of the Afghans | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/777c0aa56991f55826339915363de2ceb8dd7141) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/777c0aa56991f55826339915363de2ceb8dd7141) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| A dictionary of the Pukhto, Pushto, or language of the Afghans; with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to the Semitic and other Oriental tongues, etc. | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d12502a6c245ff6f537bf68d9db4b449dca827bb) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d12502a6c245ff6f537bf68d9db4b449dca827bb) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| A grammar of the Puk̲h̲to or Pus̲'h̲to language | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99c46409a55ac0bf68e2c530a377becfcb46dd47) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99c46409a55ac0bf68e2c530a377becfcb46dd47) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto | [openalex](https://openalex.org/W2071464713) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://openalex.org/W2071464713) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| A reference grammar of Pashto | [openalex](http://wals.info/refdb/record/7189) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](http://wals.info/refdb/record/7189) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| An Acoustic Analysis of consonants of Khattak Dialect of Pashto | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed06d206e60a62c2bebdd487b4f8dea253a9a0a8) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed06d206e60a62c2bebdd487b4f8dea253a9a0a8) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| AN ANALYSIS OF FREUDIAN CONCEPT OF MOURNING IN PASHTO TAPPAS ON THE THEME OF MIGRATION | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/11124039) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/11124039) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| An Analysis of the Syntactic and Pragmatic Effects on Word Order Flexibility in Pashto and English | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/136c23f176399f7dfc45e6ae990a975aafd7da1d) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/136c23f176399f7dfc45e6ae990a975aafd7da1d) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Analysing Deep Meaning of Proverbs in Pashto Language | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1a804a9701c5103ed38df3350da61abdf5df2b57) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1a804a9701c5103ed38df3350da61abdf5df2b57) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Benchmark Pashto Handwritten Character Dataset and Pashto Object Character Recognition (OCR) Using Deep Neural Network with Rule Activation Function | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669672) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669672) | Pashto handwritten OCR benchmark and methodology reference |
| Benchmarking Whisper for Low-Resource Speech Recognition: An N-Shot Evaluation on Pashto, Punjabi, and Urdu | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13104eddc785756132a19242ac7e74442b145693) | [Matched by Semantic Scholar query: pashto. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13104eddc785756132a19242ac7e74442b145693) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| CER-HV: A CER-Based Human-in-the-Loop Framework for Cleaning Datasets Applied to Arabic-Script HTR | [datacite](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16713) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16713) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| CHALLENGING GENDER ROLES: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF GHANI KHAN'S THE PATHANS | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/11216862) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/11216862) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Cinematic Misnomers: Examining the Effects of Pashto Movie Titles on the Perception of Pashtun Identity | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b4c38ce4ceb6ac7846062bb589351cc88a36617) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b4c38ce4ceb6ac7846062bb589351cc88a36617) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Comparative Study of Adjectives in Pashto and Dari as Cognate Languages | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/558e9dd7d4027be391a39f5e5ef988cf05039dc7) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/558e9dd7d4027be391a39f5e5ef988cf05039dc7) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Comprehensive Socio-phonetic Study of the Plosive /p/ and Fricative /f/ Merger among Pashto Speakers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f01f2250c897dc53099f76a2455471b480f22cf) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f01f2250c897dc53099f76a2455471b480f22cf) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Critical study of the travelogues of Dr Altaf Yousafzai (In The Context of "Thailand kay Rang", "Nile kay Sang" and  "Bakhal-e-Hinduwush Bakhsham") | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/13937101) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/13937101) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Database development and automatic speech recognition of isolated Pashto spoken digits using MFCC and K-NN | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-014-9267-z) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-014-9267-z) | Pashto ASR baseline method reference for digit recognition |
| Deep Learning-Based Detection of One and Two-Column Textual Blocks in Camera-Captured Pashto Documents Images | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c9d2628e23d5c27edc656071f11f0e78124d182) | [Matched by Semantic Scholar query: pashto. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c9d2628e23d5c27edc656071f11f0e78124d182) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| Depiction of Women's Cries in Pashto Landai Poetry | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/15524281) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/15524281) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614512318) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614512318) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Development of a New Image-to-text Conversion System for Pashto, Farsi and Traditional Chinese | [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08650v1) | [Matched by Pashto marker in paper title from arXiv query results. (`pashto`)](http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08650v1) | Pashto OCR method reference |
| Divorce And Women’s Rights: Should Women have Equal Rights? (Pashto) | [datacite](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123991) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123991) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Doing Pashto | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2015.1068987) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2015.1068987) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Editorial Note (Dari) | [datacite](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123994) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123994) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Editorial Note (English) | [datacite](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123993) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123993) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Editorial Note (Pashto) | [datacite](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123995) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123995) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| EDUCATIONAL AND LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF TEXT PREPROCESSING IN PASHTO | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/15917449) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/15917449) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Embedding Elements from Foreign Language into The Native Language Through Pashto-English Code-Mixed Speech | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/14756994) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/14756994) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Enhancing Pashto NER Using Machine-Labeled Data and Transformer-Based Models | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be851ecf9197ef9bb8bf764abf4db0dda95cd9da) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be851ecf9197ef9bb8bf764abf4db0dda95cd9da) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| Enhancing Pashto Text Classification using Language Processing Techniques for Single And Multi-Label Analysis | [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.03201v1) | [Matched by arXiv query: all:pashto. (`pashto`)](http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.03201v1) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| Essential Skills for a Lexicographer: Based on Pashto Lexicography | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fc45aa567cb78713e2fef41d5e748e8ee1d8470) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fc45aa567cb78713e2fef41d5e748e8ee1d8470) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/3595881) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/3595881) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| EVALUATION OF ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA LAM. LEAVES ON ALBINO RATS | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/4269214) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/4269214) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Exploring Hospitality as a Cultural Tradition: A Qualitative Study of Pashto and Hindko Customs | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/14872725) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/14872725) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Exploring the Impacts of Emotion through Language Learning on Pashto Speakers Young Adulthood in District Peshawar | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4549649112553aabccfac8b918c7e98cdbdd0f09) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4549649112553aabccfac8b918c7e98cdbdd0f09) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Fairness Evaluation and Inference Level Mitigation in LLMs | [datacite](https://figshare.mq.edu.au/articles/thesis/Fairness_Evaluation_and_Inference_Level_Mitigation_in_LLMs/31093552/1) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://figshare.mq.edu.au/articles/thesis/Fairness_Evaluation_and_Inference_Level_Mitigation_in_LLMs/31093552/1) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Fragments of life in ‘death world’: an analysis of Pashto poetry as a non-violent resistance to necropolitics | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9726f372b07f677fad23e2ee27a7f50f985e8ed8) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9726f372b07f677fad23e2ee27a7f50f985e8ed8) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Framing Political Bias in Multilingual LLMs Across Pakistani Languages | [datacite](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00068) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00068) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| From Scarcity to Scale: A Release-Level Analysis of the Pashto Common Voice Dataset | [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14062v1) | [Matched by Pashto marker in paper title from arXiv query results. (`pashto`)](http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14062v1) | ASR data quality and release trend reference |
| From Scarcity to Scale: A Release-Level Analysis of the Pashto Common Voice Dataset | [datacite](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14062) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14062) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Gemination in Pashto | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.24312/ucp-jll.02.02.405) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.24312/ucp-jll.02.02.405) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Gender Classification From Pashto Handwritten Text Images | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d70fffa9224d71f67ad3c1943b8a71b18164eeb) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d70fffa9224d71f67ad3c1943b8a71b18164eeb) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Introduction to Pashto Word’s Characteristics | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eb3febbb368a7eaccc6290bcd77683ed3d624aa) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eb3febbb368a7eaccc6290bcd77683ed3d624aa) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Is the Pushto a Semitic Language | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/16001185) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/16001185) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Isolated Handwritten Pashto Character Recognition Using a <i>K</i>‐NN Classification Tool based on Zoning and HOG Feature Extraction Techniques | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5558373) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5558373) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| KNN and ANN-based Recognition of Handwritten Pashto Letters using Zoning Features | [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03391v2) | [Matched by arXiv query: all:pashto. (`pashto`)](http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03391v2) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| KNN and ANN-based Recognition of Handwritten Pashto Letters using Zoning Features | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2018.091069) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2018.091069) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| KPTI: Katib's Pashto Text Imagebase and Deep Learning Benchmark | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2016.0090) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2016.0090) | Pashto OCR dataset and benchmarking reference |
| Language Barrier and its Effect on Learning at the Public Primary School Level in Lahore | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/17728944) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/17728944) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Le verbe pashto | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.29091/9783954907083) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.29091/9783954907083) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Morphology of Pashto Adverbs: Word and Paradigm Approach | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/16211508) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/16211508) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Negation in Pashto | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/18233956) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/18233956) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Negotiating Pakhto: Proverbs, Islam and the Construction of Identity among Pashtuns | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a503f164e0c1f5be13866dad00539c7e5b1cabc) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a503f164e0c1f5be13866dad00539c7e5b1cabc) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Only 2 of 141 Global Languages Employ a Labial for "Tongue" in 1st position Challenging Saussure's Arbitrariness With Near Universal Embodied Iconicity for Tongue Vs Mouth in "inverse" Control | [datacite](https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.17807676) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.17807676) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Out-of-Vocabulary Pashto Spell Checker using Morphological Operations | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/802aae68a6a7fdfb29d51be03fb2b09e29311fa7) | [Matched by Semantic Scholar query: pashto. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/802aae68a6a7fdfb29d51be03fb2b09e29311fa7) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| Pashto | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203301524-34) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203301524-34) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto (Endo-)clitics in a Parallel Architecture | [openalex](http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-278290) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-278290) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto : Pashto-English, English-Pashto dictionary & phrasebook | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ff77d35396d17225d97772e577e472a2ab1c47a) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ff77d35396d17225d97772e577e472a2ab1c47a) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto free relatives and triply-filled Comp: Evidence for a headed analysis | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(96)00032-0) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(96)00032-0) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto Handwritten Books | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004737358_003) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004737358_003) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto isolated digits recognition using deep convolutional neural network | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03372) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03372) | Pashto speech recognition research reference |
| Pashto Language | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.32388/pxbtfv) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.32388/pxbtfv) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto offensive language detection: a benchmark dataset and monolingual Pashto BERT | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1617) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1617) | Pashto NLP toxicity detection benchmark and model reference |
| PASHTO POETRY AND MILITANCY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA AFTER 9/11: THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF PASHTO POETRY IN RESISTING MILITANCY | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e81d4e7ac6cd7519643bf5d5c0bdfd9be554a8f2) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e81d4e7ac6cd7519643bf5d5c0bdfd9be554a8f2) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto preverbs V | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f59f22ae99379106b417186f3053c00b5fe391f) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f59f22ae99379106b417186f3053c00b5fe391f) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto preverbs, III. Compound verbs with preverb | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53eeae3a973d6bb72839e9304be13a0362c92242) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53eeae3a973d6bb72839e9304be13a0362c92242) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto Shallow Parsing: A Deep Learning Approach | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be36455bb4eca60accb3e6866f345132f0dac1e5) | [Matched by Semantic Scholar query: pashto. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be36455bb4eca60accb3e6866f345132f0dac1e5) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| Pashto Tappa | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003604877-9) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003604877-9) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Pashto Verse | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00072700) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00072700) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Persian loanwords and calques in Pashto | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed232f1c2abd6e6f8a49f04de8ac76bf922521ea) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed232f1c2abd6e6f8a49f04de8ac76bf922521ea) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Persian, Urdu, and Pashto: A comparative orthographic analysis | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1093/wsr/wsq005) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1093/wsr/wsq005) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| PHTI: Pashto Handwritten Text Imagebase for Deep Learning Applications | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216881) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216881) | Pashto OCR dataset and benchmark reference |
| Pioneer dataset and recognition of Handwritten Pashto characters using Convolution Neural Networks | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294020964826) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294020964826) | Pashto handwritten character recognition reference |
| Portrayal of Death in the Selected Poems of Abdul Ghani Khan and Emily Dickinson: A Comparative Thematic Analysis | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/15046502) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/15046502) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| POS tagging of low-resource Pashto language: annotated corpus and BERT-based model | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b2d5c896fec735483e8c8fb0a75e13125e08769) | [Matched by Semantic Scholar query: pashto. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b2d5c896fec735483e8c8fb0a75e13125e08769) | Pashto research reference for methods and benchmarking |
| PsOCR: Benchmarking Large Multimodal Models for Optical Character Recognition in Low-resource Pashto Language | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2743c0dcdbc65f5b46fcec2f0ba7cb379c4134f) | [Paper title explicitly references low-resource Pashto language OCR benchmarking. (`Pashto`, `OCR`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2743c0dcdbc65f5b46fcec2f0ba7cb379c4134f) | Pashto OCR research baseline and evaluation reference |
| PsOCR: Benchmarking Large Multimodal Models for Optical Character Recognition in Low-resource Pashto Language | [datacite](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10055) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10055) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| PsOCR: Benchmarking Large Multimodal Models for Optical Character Recognition in Low-resource Pashto Language | [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10055v2) | [Matched by Pashto marker in paper title from arXiv query results. (`pashto`)](http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10055v2) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Recognition of Pashto Handwritten Characters Based on Deep Learning | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205884) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205884) | Pashto OCR model reference for handwritten character recognition |
| Recognizable units in Pashto language for OCR | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333963) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333963) | Pashto OCR preprocessing and unit-design reference |
| Scale and rotation invariant OCR for Pashto cursive script using MDLSTM network | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333931) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333931) | Pashto OCR model architecture reference |
| Scale and rotation invariant recognition of cursive Pashto script using SIFT features | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1109/icet.2010.5638470) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1109/icet.2010.5638470) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Separating phonology from syntax: a reanalysis of Pashto cliticization | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700006952) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700006952) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Shape analysis of Pashto script and creation of image database for OCR | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1109/icet.2009.5353160) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1109/icet.2009.5353160) | Pashto OCR dataset design and feature reference |
| Some Remarks on the Origin of the Afghán People and Dialect and on the Connexion of the Pushto Language with the Zend and Pehlavi and the Hebrew | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/16191315) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/16191315) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Speech translation for low-resource languages: the case of Pashto | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-723) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-723) | Pashto speech translation and low-resource MT reference |
| Summaries in Pashto | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wtf.0000437933.40809.39) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wtf.0000437933.40809.39) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| SWITCHING SELVES ONLINE:PASHTO-ENGLISH BILINGUALISM,IDENTITY, AND EXPRESSION IN PAKISTAN’S DIGITAL DISCOURSE | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a330c5fb416a1105866a895748b4336f8ef8100) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a330c5fb416a1105866a895748b4336f8ef8100) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Syntax and morphology of Baniswola Pashto: investigating universal and dialectal variations | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f725b3b282cf05f9089002d474010c6021001f9) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f725b3b282cf05f9089002d474010c6021001f9) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The BBN Byblos Pashto OCR system | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1145/1031442.1031447) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1145/1031442.1031447) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The development and evaluation of an automatic clitic generator for Pashto language | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d95449d67799fcac83f855984cb0c29cc500d7b) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d95449d67799fcac83f855984cb0c29cc500d7b) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The grammar of clitics : evidence from Pashto and other languages | [openalex](http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-7447-0) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-7447-0) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The Influence of the Arabic Language on the Pashto Language: The Abdur-Rahman Baba as a Model (A Case Study Analysis) | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/18174368) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/18174368) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The Pashto language and identity‐formation in Pakistan | [openalex](https://doi.org/10.1080/09584939508719759) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from OpenAlex works search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.1080/09584939508719759) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The Regional Criminal Law Framework for the Combat of Organized Crime (Pashto) | [datacite](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123975) | [DataCite metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/123975) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The Role of Early Literary Biographies (Tazkiri) in the Ancient History of Pashto Literature | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4938170077d3430c2e3f9fadc161ed7b79242917) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4938170077d3430c2e3f9fadc161ed7b79242917) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The Roshani Movement literary services and the contribution of this Movement in the development of Pashto Literature | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88a3cd1ec497844c5997ae1795f8e72bbb314112) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88a3cd1ec497844c5997ae1795f8e72bbb314112) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| The Social Structure and Organization of A Pakhto Speaking Community in Afghanistan. | [other](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/306e9a04b8835de6e906303b5e27d43a6994cb1d) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in paper title from Semantic Scholar search. (`pashto`)](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/306e9a04b8835de6e906303b5e27d43a6994cb1d) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Topicalization in Pashto | [crossref](https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-i).17) | [Matched by explicit Pashto marker in title from Crossref search. (`pashto`)](https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-i).17) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |
| Tuning Traditional Language Processing Approaches for Pashto Text Classification | [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.03737v1) | [Matched by Pashto marker in paper title from arXiv query results. (`pashto`)](http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.03737v1) | Pashto text classification method reference |
| بلوچستان میں " فقہ اسلامی "   کے فروغ و ارتقا٫ کا تحقیقی جائزہ | [zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/18049233) | [Zenodo metadata includes Pashto markers in title or description. (`pashto`)](https://zenodo.org/records/18049233) | Automated discovery entry for Pashto resource tracking. |

## Maintenance
- Source of truth: [../catalog/resources.json](../catalog/resources.json)
- Validation: [../../scripts/validate_resource_catalog.py](../../scripts/validate_resource_catalog.py)
- Generated by: [../../scripts/generate_resource_views.py](../../scripts/generate_resource_views.py)