---
tags:
- kashmiri
- ocr
- image-to-text
- paddleocr
- pp-ocrv6
- text-recognition
- nastaliq
pipeline_tag: image-to-text
language:
- ks
---

# Koshur OCRv6 — Kashmiri OCR Recognition Model

Koshur OCRv6 is a Kashmiri optical character recognition (OCR) text-recognition model trained with the PaddleOCR PP-OCRv6 small recognition stack. It is intended for recognizing Kashmiri text from cropped text-line images, including Perso-Arabic/Nastaliq-style Kashmiri text.

This repository contains the trained model checkpoints, exact source code/configuration used for training, training logs, metrics, and reproducibility artifacts. The training dataset itself is intentionally **not** included in this model repository.

## Repository status

- Training status: completed successfully
- PBS/HPC exit status: 0
- Training runtime: 16h 34m 27s
- Final epoch: 200 / 200
- Final global step: 532,800
- Recommended checkpoint: `checkpoints/best_accuracy.pdparams`
- Best epoch: 191

## What is included

- `checkpoints/`
  - `best_accuracy.pdparams` — best validation checkpoint by `norm_edit_dis`; recommended for inference/evaluation.
  - `latest.pdparams`, `latest.pdopt`, `latest.states` — latest/final training state.
  - `iter_epoch_200.*` — final epoch checkpoint.
  - `iter_epoch_191.*` — best epoch checkpoint, when available.
  - `all-epoch-checkpoints/` — full epoch checkpoint archive is being uploaded separately when available.
- `artifacts/`
  - `train.log` — full PaddleOCR training log.
  - `metrics_summary.json` — parsed training/evaluation summary.
  - `eval_history.jsonl` — validation history extracted from logs.
  - `train_loss_tail.jsonl` — tail of parsed step-level training loss records.
  - `assets/` — pretrained/base artifacts used for the run where applicable.
- `source/`
  - `koshur-ocrv6/` — project code, scripts, configs, tests, and documentation used for this run.
  - `PaddleOCR/` — PaddleOCR source snapshot used by the training command.

## What is not included

The image dataset is not uploaded here. No train/validation/test images or label-list files are included in this model repo.

Dataset provenance and split counts are documented below for reproducibility.

## Dataset

Source dataset: `Omarrran/Koshur_Pixel`

The dataset was prepared for OCR recognition training as cropped text-image samples with labels. It was exported into PaddleOCR recognition-list format on Pragya HPC, then split into train/validation/test partitions.

Dataset split counts used in this training run:

- Training samples: 330,078
- Validation samples: 10,388
- Test samples: 6,995
- Total samples: 347,461
- Character dictionary size: 124 entries

Dataset exclusion policy:

- The dataset is excluded from this repository to keep the model release separate from data distribution.
- This repo publishes the trained OCR model, code, configs, logs, metrics, and model artifacts only.

## Architecture

This run uses PaddleOCR's PP-OCRv6 small recognition architecture configured for Kashmiri OCR recognition.

High-level structure:

- OCR task: cropped text-line recognition / image-to-text
- Framework: PaddleOCR / PaddlePaddle
- Recognition stack: PP-OCRv6 small recognition model
- Losses observed in training logs:
  - CTC loss (`CTCLoss`)
  - NRTR loss (`NRTRLoss`)
  - Combined training loss (`loss`)
- Main validation indicator: `norm_edit_dis`
- Secondary metric: exact-match `acc`
- Max text length: 160
- Character dictionary: `source/koshur-ocrv6/artifacts/charset/koshur_dict.txt`

The training was initialized from:

`artifacts/assets/pretrained/PP-OCRv6_small_rec_pretrained.pdparams`

## Methodology

Training pipeline:

1. Build/verify Kashmiri character dictionary.
2. Export OCR recognition examples into PaddleOCR-compatible recognition data.
3. Train PP-OCRv6 small recognition model for 200 epochs.
4. Evaluate periodically on the validation split using normalized edit distance and exact-match accuracy.
5. Save epoch checkpoints and a best validation checkpoint.
6. Preserve source code, configs, training logs, and checkpoints for reproducibility.

Training configuration highlights:

- Epochs: 200
- Global steps: 532,800
- GPUs: 4 × NVIDIA A100-SXM4-80GB
- Batch size per GPU/card: 64
- Eval batch step: `[0,1000]`
- Save epoch step: 1
- Max text length: 160
- Mixed precision flag in best metric: `is_float16=False`

The exact config used for training is included under:

`source/koshur-ocrv6/configs/rec/koshur_ppocrv6_small_rec.yml`

## Results

Primary validation metric: `norm_edit_dis` (normalized edit-distance similarity; higher is better).

Best validation result:

- Best epoch: 191
- Best `norm_edit_dis`: 0.42845766519166395
- Best exact-match `acc`: 0.007893723519547821
- Validation FPS at best checkpoint: 1565.0712993756804

Final recorded validation result:

- Final eval index: 532
- Final `norm_edit_dis`: 0.42539299199315106
- Final exact-match `acc`: 0.006738544467906677
- Final validation FPS: 1567.270772256869

Final training step:

- Epoch: 200 / 200
- Global step: 532,800
- Learning rate: 0.000001
- Batch exact-match acc: 0.015625
- Batch `norm_edit_dis`: 0.385448
- CTC loss: 1.182781
- NRTR loss: 1.165309
- Combined loss: 2.351904
- Throughput: 278.53996 samples/sec

Full log and parsed histories:

- Full training log: `artifacts/train.log`
- Parsed summary: `artifacts/metrics_summary.json`
- Eval history: `artifacts/eval_history.jsonl`
- Training-loss tail: `artifacts/train_loss_tail.jsonl`

## Loading and using the model

This is a PaddleOCR/PaddlePaddle checkpoint release, not a standard Hugging Face Transformers model. Use the included PaddleOCR source snapshot and config.

Example setup:

```bash
git clone https://huggingface.co/Omarrran/koshur-ocrv6
cd koshur-ocrv6
python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r source/koshur-ocrv6/requirements.txt
```

Example inference/evaluation pattern:

```bash
cd source/PaddleOCR
python tools/infer_rec.py \
  -c ../koshur-ocrv6/configs/rec/koshur_ppocrv6_small_rec.yml \
  -o Global.pretrained_model=../../checkpoints/best_accuracy \
     Global.character_dict_path=../koshur-ocrv6/artifacts/charset/koshur_dict.txt \
     Global.infer_img=/path/to/cropped_text_line_image.png
```

For batch evaluation, adapt:

`source/koshur-ocrv6/scripts/06_eval_rec.py`

Recommended checkpoint for inference/evaluation:

`checkpoints/best_accuracy.pdparams`

If PaddleOCR expects the checkpoint prefix rather than the full `.pdparams` filename, pass:

`checkpoints/best_accuracy`

## Reproducing training

The original training command used Paddle distributed launch on Pragya HPC with 4 GPUs. The essential training arguments were:

```bash
python -m paddle.distributed.launch --devices <4 GPUs> tools/train.py \
  -c source/koshur-ocrv6/configs/rec/koshur_ppocrv6_small_rec.yml \
  -o Global.epoch_num=200 \
     Global.save_model_dir=output/koshur_ppocrv6_small_rec_full \
     Global.use_gpu=true \
     Global.distributed=true \
     Global.character_dict_path=source/koshur-ocrv6/artifacts/charset/koshur_dict.txt \
     Global.pretrained_model=artifacts/assets/pretrained/PP-OCRv6_small_rec_pretrained.pdparams \
     Global.eval_batch_step=[0,1000] \
     Global.save_epoch_step=1 \
     Global.max_text_length=160 \
     Metric.main_indicator=norm_edit_dis \
     Metric.ignore_space=false \
     Train.loader.batch_size_per_card=64 \
     Train.loader.num_workers=8 \
     Eval.loader.batch_size_per_card=64 \
     Eval.loader.num_workers=4
```

Dataset paths are intentionally omitted here because the dataset is not included in this model repo. Reproduction requires preparing the `Omarrran/Koshur_Pixel` dataset into PaddleOCR recognition-list format.

## Limitations

- Exact-match accuracy is low because full-string OCR exact match is strict, especially for long Kashmiri text strings and orthographic variation.
- `norm_edit_dis` is the primary metric used for checkpoint selection.
- This checkpoint should be evaluated on downstream page/line crops before deployment.
- The model card reports validation metrics extracted from the training log; separate held-out test-set evaluation should be added before making benchmark or SOTA claims.
- The release is PaddleOCR-format, not Transformers-format; use the included PaddleOCR code/configs.

## Citation / attribution

If you use this model, please cite or acknowledge:

- The Koshur OCRv6 training run and model release: `Omarrran/koshur-ocrv6`
- Dataset provenance: `Omarrran/Koshur_Pixel`
- PaddleOCR / PP-OCRv6 framework

## License and data notes

No dataset files are redistributed in this repository. Users are responsible for checking the dataset license/provenance and downstream deployment constraints before using the model commercially or publicly.