Text Generation
Transformers
Safetensors
English
qwen2
information-retrieval
boolean-search
NL2BM25
GRPO
RLVR
tantivy
BEIR
searchlm
conversational
text-generation-inference
Instructions to use Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2 with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- Transformers
How to use Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2 with Transformers:
# Use a pipeline as a high-level helper from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model="Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2") messages = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}, ] pipe(messages)# Load model directly from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2") messages = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}, ] inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template( messages, add_generation_prompt=True, tokenize=True, return_dict=True, return_tensors="pt", ).to(model.device) outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=40) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]:])) - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
- Local Apps Settings
- vLLM
How to use Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2 with vLLM:
Install from pip and serve model
# Install vLLM from pip: pip install vllm # Start the vLLM server: vllm serve "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2" # Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API): curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data '{ "model": "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2", "messages": [ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?" } ] }'Use Docker
docker model run hf.co/Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2
- SGLang
How to use Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2 with SGLang:
Install from pip and serve model
# Install SGLang from pip: pip install sglang # Start the SGLang server: python3 -m sglang.launch_server \ --model-path "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2" \ --host 0.0.0.0 \ --port 30000 # Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API): curl -X POST "http://localhost:30000/v1/chat/completions" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data '{ "model": "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2", "messages": [ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?" } ] }'Use Docker images
docker run --gpus all \ --shm-size 32g \ -p 30000:30000 \ -v ~/.cache/huggingface:/root/.cache/huggingface \ --env "HF_TOKEN=<secret>" \ --ipc=host \ lmsysorg/sglang:latest \ python3 -m sglang.launch_server \ --model-path "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2" \ --host 0.0.0.0 \ --port 30000 # Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API): curl -X POST "http://localhost:30000/v1/chat/completions" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data '{ "model": "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2", "messages": [ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?" } ] }' - Docker Model Runner
How to use Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2 with Docker Model Runner:
docker model run hf.co/Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2
Update model card
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library_name: transformers
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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## Training Details
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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## Glossary [optional]
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## More Information [optional]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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---
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language:
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- en
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license: apache-2.0
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base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct
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tags:
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- information-retrieval
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- boolean-search
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- NL2BM25
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- GRPO
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- RLVR
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- tantivy
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- BEIR
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- searchlm
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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---
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# SearchLM NL2BM25 — GRPO v2 Shaped Reward (Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct)
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The best-performing SearchLM checkpoint. Trained via GRPO with a shaped reward
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that eliminates the keyword-bag gaming observed in [GRPO v1](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo).
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See the [SearchLM collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/Supreeth/searchlm) for all checkpoints
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and the [v2 analysis report](https://github.com/SupreethRao99/searchLM/blob/main/REWARD_HACKING_REPORT_V2.md)
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for full benchmark results and behavioral analysis.
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## What it does
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Given a natural language query, the model reasons step-by-step about key concepts,
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synonyms, and boolean structure, then emits a Tantivy boolean search query:
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```
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Input: Do Cholesterol Statin Drugs Cause Breast Cancer?
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Output:
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<reasoning>
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Key concepts: (1) cholesterol-lowering statin drugs — synonyms: statin, HMG-CoA reductase
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inhibitor, simvastatin, atorvastatin; (2) causal relationship — cause, risk, association,
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induce; (3) breast cancer — "breast cancer", "breast carcinoma", "breast neoplasm".
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Connect with AND; expand synonyms with OR.
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</reasoning>
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<query>(statin OR "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor" OR simvastatin OR atorvastatin) AND
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(cause OR risk OR association OR induce) AND ("breast cancer" OR "breast carcinoma")</query>
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```
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## How v2 eliminated reward hacking
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The v1 reward (`0.6 × NDCG@10 + 0.4 × MRR`) was gameable with keyword bags on small corpora.
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v2 uses a shaped reward with three anti-gaming mechanisms:
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```
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base = 0.6 × max(0, NDCG@10 − keyword_baseline) + 0.4 × MRR
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shaped = complexity_mult × base + 0.15 × min(reasoning_tokens / 100, 1.0)
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reward = 0.0 if len(query.split()) < 3 else shaped
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where:
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keyword_baseline = NDCG@10 of naive noun-extraction (precomputed per query)
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complexity_mult = 1.0 with boolean operators, 0.5 without
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```
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1. **Keyword baseline delta** — must beat noun-extraction to earn NDCG credit
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2. **Hard length gate** — queries < 3 tokens → reward = 0.0
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3. **Reasoning depth bonus** — up to +0.15 for substantive reasoning blocks
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## Benchmark (test split, NDCG@10)
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| Dataset | Base | SFT v1 | GRPO v1 | SFT v2 | **GRPO v2** |
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|---------|------|--------|--------|--------|------------|
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| NFCorpus | 0.455 | 0.441 | 0.556 | 0.466 | **0.577** |
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| SciFact | 0.386 | 0.273 | 0.608 | 0.358 | **0.657** |
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## Behavioral comparison vs GRPO v1
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| Dimension | GRPO v1 | GRPO v2 |
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|-----------|---------|---------|
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| Mean completion length | 6 tokens | **147 tokens** |
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| Boolean operator usage | 0% | ~35% |
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| `frac_reward_zero_std` (early training) | 90–96% | **0%** |
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| Reasoning block | empty | substantive |
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## Training Details
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| Setting | Value |
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|---------|-------|
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| Base model | [searchlm-nl2bm25-sft-v2](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-sft-v2) |
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| Method | GRPO (TRL + vLLM colocate) |
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| Reward | Shaped (baseline delta + complexity mult + reasoning bonus) |
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| Training datasets | NFCorpus + SciFact + FiQA (3K queries, 57K docs) |
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| Epochs | 1 |
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| `num_generations` | 8 |
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| Steps | 2,879 |
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| Hardware | NVIDIA H100 80 GB (~3h 3m) |
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| Final mean reward | ~0.29 |
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## Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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"Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2",
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torch_dtype="auto",
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device_map="auto",
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)
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2")
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SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are an expert information retrieval specialist. Convert the natural language query into a Tantivy boolean search query.
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Output format (strictly follow this):
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<reasoning>
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Step-by-step concept extraction and synonym expansion.
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</reasoning>
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<query>your boolean query here</query>"""
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nl_query = "effects of climate change on coral reef ecosystems"
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messages = [
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{"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM_PROMPT},
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{"role": "user", "content": f"Convert to a Tantivy boolean search query:\n\n{nl_query}"},
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]
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text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=512, temperature=0.7, do_sample=True)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True))
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```
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## Tantivy Boolean Syntax
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| Construct | Syntax |
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|-----------|--------|
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| Single term | `cancer` |
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| Exact phrase | `"bone density"` |
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| AND | `vitamin AND calcium` |
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| OR | `cancer OR tumor OR malignancy` |
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| NOT | `NOT review` |
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| Grouping | `(cat OR feline) AND behavior` |
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| Field scope | `title:"machine learning"` |
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| Boost | `cancer^2 OR tumor` |
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{searchlm2026,
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title = {SearchLM: Training Small Language Models for Boolean Query Generation via RLVR},
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author = {Rao, Supreeth},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://github.com/SupreethRao99/searchLM},
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}
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```
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