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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
 
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- ## Model Details
 
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- ### Model Description
 
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
 
 
 
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
 
 
 
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
 
 
 
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- ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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-
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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-
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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-
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Results
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Hardware
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Software
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- **APA:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ---
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct
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+ tags:
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+ - information-retrieval
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+ - boolean-search
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+ - NL2BM25
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+ - GRPO
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+ - RLVR
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+ - tantivy
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+ - BEIR
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+ - searchlm
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  library_name: transformers
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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  ---
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+ # SearchLM NL2BM25 GRPO v2 Shaped Reward (Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct)
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+ The best-performing SearchLM checkpoint. Trained via GRPO with a shaped reward
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+ that eliminates the keyword-bag gaming observed in [GRPO v1](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo).
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+ See the [SearchLM collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/Supreeth/searchlm) for all checkpoints
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+ and the [v2 analysis report](https://github.com/SupreethRao99/searchLM/blob/main/REWARD_HACKING_REPORT_V2.md)
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+ for full benchmark results and behavioral analysis.
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+ ## What it does
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+ Given a natural language query, the model reasons step-by-step about key concepts,
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+ synonyms, and boolean structure, then emits a Tantivy boolean search query:
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+ ```
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+ Input: Do Cholesterol Statin Drugs Cause Breast Cancer?
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+ Output:
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+ <reasoning>
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+ Key concepts: (1) cholesterol-lowering statin drugs — synonyms: statin, HMG-CoA reductase
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+ inhibitor, simvastatin, atorvastatin; (2) causal relationship — cause, risk, association,
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+ induce; (3) breast cancer — "breast cancer", "breast carcinoma", "breast neoplasm".
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+ Connect with AND; expand synonyms with OR.
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+ </reasoning>
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+ <query>(statin OR "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor" OR simvastatin OR atorvastatin) AND
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+ (cause OR risk OR association OR induce) AND ("breast cancer" OR "breast carcinoma")</query>
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+ ```
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+ ## How v2 eliminated reward hacking
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+ The v1 reward (`0.6 × NDCG@10 + 0.4 × MRR`) was gameable with keyword bags on small corpora.
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+ v2 uses a shaped reward with three anti-gaming mechanisms:
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ```
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+ base = 0.6 × max(0, NDCG@10 − keyword_baseline) + 0.4 × MRR
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+ shaped = complexity_mult × base + 0.15 × min(reasoning_tokens / 100, 1.0)
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+ reward = 0.0 if len(query.split()) < 3 else shaped
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+ where:
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+ keyword_baseline = NDCG@10 of naive noun-extraction (precomputed per query)
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+ complexity_mult = 1.0 with boolean operators, 0.5 without
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+ ```
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+ 1. **Keyword baseline delta** must beat noun-extraction to earn NDCG credit
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+ 2. **Hard length gate** queries < 3 tokens → reward = 0.0
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+ 3. **Reasoning depth bonus** up to +0.15 for substantive reasoning blocks
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+ ## Benchmark (test split, NDCG@10)
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+ | Dataset | Base | SFT v1 | GRPO v1 | SFT v2 | **GRPO v2** |
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+ |---------|------|--------|--------|--------|------------|
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+ | NFCorpus | 0.455 | 0.441 | 0.556 | 0.466 | **0.577** |
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+ | SciFact | 0.386 | 0.273 | 0.608 | 0.358 | **0.657** |
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+ ## Behavioral comparison vs GRPO v1
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+ | Dimension | GRPO v1 | GRPO v2 |
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+ |-----------|---------|---------|
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+ | Mean completion length | 6 tokens | **147 tokens** |
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+ | Boolean operator usage | 0% | ~35% |
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+ | `frac_reward_zero_std` (early training) | 90–96% | **0%** |
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+ | Reasoning block | empty | substantive |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Training Details
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+ | Setting | Value |
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+ |---------|-------|
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+ | Base model | [searchlm-nl2bm25-sft-v2](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-sft-v2) |
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+ | Method | GRPO (TRL + vLLM colocate) |
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+ | Reward | Shaped (baseline delta + complexity mult + reasoning bonus) |
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+ | Training datasets | NFCorpus + SciFact + FiQA (3K queries, 57K docs) |
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+ | Epochs | 1 |
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+ | `num_generations` | 8 |
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+ | Steps | 2,879 |
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+ | Hardware | NVIDIA H100 80 GB (~3h 3m) |
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+ | Final mean reward | ~0.29 |
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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+
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+ model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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+ "Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2",
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+ torch_dtype="auto",
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+ device_map="auto",
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+ )
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2")
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+
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+ SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are an expert information retrieval specialist. Convert the natural language query into a Tantivy boolean search query.
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+
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+ Output format (strictly follow this):
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+ <reasoning>
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+ Step-by-step concept extraction and synonym expansion.
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+ </reasoning>
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+ <query>your boolean query here</query>"""
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+
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+ nl_query = "effects of climate change on coral reef ecosystems"
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+ messages = [
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+ {"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM_PROMPT},
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+ {"role": "user", "content": f"Convert to a Tantivy boolean search query:\n\n{nl_query}"},
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+ ]
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+ text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
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+ inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
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+ outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=512, temperature=0.7, do_sample=True)
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+ print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True))
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Tantivy Boolean Syntax
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+ | Construct | Syntax |
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+ |-----------|--------|
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+ | Single term | `cancer` |
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+ | Exact phrase | `"bone density"` |
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+ | AND | `vitamin AND calcium` |
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+ | OR | `cancer OR tumor OR malignancy` |
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+ | NOT | `NOT review` |
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+ | Grouping | `(cat OR feline) AND behavior` |
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+ | Field scope | `title:"machine learning"` |
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+ | Boost | `cancer^2 OR tumor` |
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{searchlm2026,
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+ title = {SearchLM: Training Small Language Models for Boolean Query Generation via RLVR},
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+ author = {Rao, Supreeth},
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+ year = {2026},
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+ url = {https://github.com/SupreethRao99/searchLM},
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+ }
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+ ```