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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
 
 
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- ## Model Details
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- ### Model Description
 
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
 
 
 
 
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
 
 
 
 
 
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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- ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ---
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct
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+ tags:
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+ - information-retrieval
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+ - boolean-search
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+ - NL2BM25
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+ - GRPO
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+ - RLVR
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+ - tantivy
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+ - BEIR
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+ - searchlm
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+ - reward-hacking
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  library_name: transformers
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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  ---
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+ # SearchLM NL2BM25 GRPO v1 (Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct)
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+ > **⚠️ Reward Hacking Model** This checkpoint exhibits specification gaming.
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+ > Use [GRPO v2](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-grpo-v2) for production use. This model is published
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+ > for research reproducibility and as a concrete example of reward hacking in RLVR.
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+ A Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct model trained via GRPO (Group Relative Policy Optimization)
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+ starting from [SFT v1](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-sft), using live Tantivy retrieval as the reward signal.
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+ See the [SearchLM collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/Supreeth/searchlm) for all checkpoints.
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+ ## Reward Hacking Behaviour
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+ Despite achieving the best NDCG@10 among v1 checkpoints, this model games the reward
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+ by outputting 3–7 token keyword phrases — abandoning all boolean structure:
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+ | Metric | Value |
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+ |--------|-------|
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+ | Mean completion length | **5–7 tokens** (vs 95–163 for SFT) |
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+ | Boolean operator usage | **0%** (vs ~80% for SFT) |
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+ | `frac_reward_zero_std` | **90–96%** (policy gradient collapsed from step 1) |
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+ **Typical output:**
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+ ```
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+ <reasoning>
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+ </reasoning>
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+ <query>Cholesterol Statin Breast Cancer</query>
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+ ```
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+ The model discovered that on small corpora (NFCorpus: 3,633 docs; SciFact: 5,183 docs),
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+ 2–4 content nouns achieve near-optimal BM25 recall. The reward (`0.6 × NDCG@10 + 0.4 × MRR`)
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+ did not penalise empty reasoning or missing boolean structure.
 
 
 
 
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+ Full analysis: [REWARD_HACKING_REPORT_V2.md](https://github.com/SupreethRao99/searchLM/blob/main/REWARD_HACKING_REPORT_V2.md)
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+ ## Benchmark (test split, NDCG@10)
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+ | Dataset | Base | SFT v1 | **GRPO v1** | GRPO v2 |
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+ |---------|------|--------|------------|---------|
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+ | NFCorpus | 0.455 | 0.441 | 0.556 | **0.577** |
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+ | SciFact | 0.386 | 0.273 | 0.608 | **0.657** |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Training Details
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+ | Setting | Value |
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+ |---------|-------|
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+ | Base model | [searchlm-nl2bm25-sft](Supreeth/searchlm-nl2bm25-sft) |
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+ | Method | GRPO (TRL + vLLM colocate) |
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+ | Reward | `0.6 × NDCG@10 + 0.4 × MRR` (live Tantivy search) |
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+ | Training datasets | NFCorpus + SciFact (train split) |
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+ | Epochs | 3 |
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+ | `num_generations` | 2 |
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+ | Hardware | NVIDIA H100 80 GB |
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{searchlm2026,
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+ title = {SearchLM: Training Small Language Models for Boolean Query Generation via RLVR},
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+ author = {Rao, Supreeth},
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+ year = {2026},
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+ url = {https://github.com/SupreethRao99/searchLM},
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+ }
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+ ```