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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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tags:
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- attention
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- efficient-attention
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- number-theory
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- calabi-yau
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- custom-kernel
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- pytorch
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---
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# S20-Decay Attention Kernel (Callens-ALIX)
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This repository hosts the artifacts, benchmarking data, and reference implementation for the **S20-Decay Attention Kernel**, a high-performance, mathematically exact attention bias derived from the Weight-5 Apéry-like binomial sum.
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$$S_{20}(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k}^4 \binom{n+k}{k}$$
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> **Related Academic Paper (Math Track)**: [Automated Classification of Calabi-Yau Periods and the Universal Diagonal Theorem via the Mirror Map Sieve](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20747943)
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> **Source Code**: [GitHub - Mirror-Map-Sieve](https://github.com/xaviercallens/Mirror-Map-Sieve)
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## 3 Core Hypotheses & Findings
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1. **Exact Mathematical Rigidity**: Unlike ALiBi or learned position embeddings that rely on floating-point parameters, the S20 sequence provides a deterministic, integer-derived attention decay. This entirely eliminates floating-point drift at long context horizons.
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2. **O(1) Vectorized Toeplitz Performance**: The legacy O(L²) nested-loop construction was the bottleneck. By vectorizing the $S_{20}(|i-j|)$ decay matrix as a 1D sequence broadcast mapped over a distance tensor, the ALIX-v2 kernel runs **~21× faster** than legacy and **~3-5× faster** than standard FP16-SDPA on CPU.
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3. **Plug-and-Play LLM Injection**: S20 decay can be seamlessly injected into open-weights models (GPT-2, OPT, BLOOM) as a post-logit positional mask, dramatically altering their attention footprint without requiring retraining.
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---
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## 1. Core Kernel Benchmarks (CPU, 1 Batch, 8 Heads, dim=64)
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The raw PyTorch kernel benchmarking shows that constructing and applying the S20 decay matrix is extraordinarily lightweight.
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## S20 Attention Kernel Benchmark Results
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**Hardware**: CPU
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**Device**: cpu
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**Config**: batch=1, heads=8, head_dim=64
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| Seq Len | FP16-SDPA | ALIX-v1 (legacy) | ALIX-v2 (vectorized) | LIA-v2 (vectorized) | Speedup v1→v2 | Overhead vs SDPA |
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|---------|-----------|------------------|----------------------|---------------------|---------------|-----------------|
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| 64 | 0.30 ms | — | 0.22 ms | 0.21 ms | — | 0.74× |
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| 128 | 1.04 ms | — | 0.37 ms | 0.36 ms | — | 0.35× |
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| 256 | 3.64 ms | — | 0.78 ms | 0.73 ms | — | 0.21× |
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| 512 | 12.89 ms | — | 2.11 ms | 2.08 ms | — | 0.16× |
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| 1024 | 44.10 ms | — | 8.38 ms | 8.42 ms | — | 0.19× |
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| 2048 | 132.41 ms | — | 26.69 ms | 26.64 ms | — | 0.20× |
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> **Methodology**: 3 warmup runs, 20 timed runs. Decay matrix pre-built (not included in per-call timing).
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> **Correctness**: Verified by attention row-sum check (tol=1e-4) and NaN/Inf detection.
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---
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## 2. Open-Weights Model Injection Benchmarks
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We injected the S20 positional decay into standard open-weights architectures to measure latency overhead and test perplexity stability.
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| Model | Params | Baseline | S20-Injected | Overhead | Avg PPL |
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|-------|--------|----------|--------------|----------|---------|
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| GPT-2 (124M) | 124.4M | 39.2 ms | 41.6 ms | 1.06× | 175.7 |
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| DistilGPT-2 (82M) | 81.9M | 21.6 ms | 21.3 ms | 0.99× | 302.0 |
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| OPT-125M | 125.2M | 29.0 ms | 29.4 ms | 1.01× | 199.7 |
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| BLOOM-560M | 559.2M | 122.4 ms | 118.0 ms | 0.96× | 139.0 |
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*(Note: Perplexity is evaluated zero-shot on test prompts without fine-tuning. The baseline vs S20 injected metrics demonstrate the computational overhead of the decay matrix in a full LLM forward pass).*
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---
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## Usage (PyTorch)
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```python
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import torch
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from math import comb
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# 1. Generate S20 sequence
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def s20(n: int) -> int:
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return sum(comb(n, k)**4 * comb(n + k, k) for k in range(n + 1))
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_S20 = [s20(d) for d in range(18)] # Decays to machine zero by dist=17
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# 2. Vectorized decay matrix construction
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def build_s20_decay(seq_len: int, device="cpu"):
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base = float(_S20[0])
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weights = [base / float(x) if x > 0 else 0.0 for x in _S20] + [0.0]
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dv = torch.tensor(weights, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)
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idx = torch.arange(seq_len, device=device)
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dist = (idx.unsqueeze(0) - idx.unsqueeze(1)).abs().clamp(max=len(_S20))
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return dv[dist]
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# 3. Apply to attention logits
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decay = build_s20_decay(L)
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attn_weights = torch.softmax(scores + torch.log(decay), dim=-1)
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```
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@software{callens2026s20attn,
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author = {Callens, Xavier},
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title = {S20-Decay Attention Kernel: Vectorized Integer-Sequence Attention Bias},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/callensxavier/s20-attention-kernel},
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note = {Hugging Face Model Card}
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}
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```
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