# 🇷🇴 Romania - Bark Beetle Detection Dataset

## 📍 Geographic Overview

A forest area in Romania 

⚠️ **Research Purpose**: This multitemporal satellite dataset has been developed and can be used for research purposes solely.


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## 📦 Dataset Structure

```
Romania/
└── Bark Beetle/
    └── GEE Median/
        ├── 2020-04-01 - 2020-04-30/
        │   └── sentinel_2/
        ├── 2020-05-01 - 2020-05-31/
        │   └── sentinel_2/
        ├── 2020-06-01 - 2020-06-30/
        │   └── sentinel_2/
        ├── 2020-07-01 - 2020-07-31/
        │   └── sentinel_2/
        ├── 2020-08-01 - 2020-08-31/
        │   └── sentinel_2/
        ├── 2020-09-01 - 2020-09-30/
        │   └── sentinel_2/
        └── masks/
            ├── train/              # Training masks
            ├── test/               # Test masks

```

---

## 📚 Ground Truth Sources

**Resources**

The ground truth masks of bark beetle damages used to create these satellite datasets have been derived from the **Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances (DEFID2)**, https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/FOREST/DISTURBANCES/DEFID2/


**Acknowledgment**

**For the use of DEFID2 polygons, acknowledgement to:**

- Forzieri G, Dutrieux LP, Elia A, Eckhardt B, Caudullo G, Taboada FÁ, Andriolo A,Bălacenoiu F, Bastos A, Buzatu A, Castedo Dorado F, Dobrovolný L, Duduman M,Fernandez-Carillo A, Hernández-Clemente R, Hornero A, Ionuț S, Lombardero MJ,
Junttila S, Lukeš P, Marianelli L, Mas H, Mlčoušek M, Mugnai F, Nețoiu C,Nikolov C, Olenici N, Olsson P, Paoli F, Paraschiv M, Patočka Z, Pérez-Laorga E,Quero JL, Rüetschi M, Stroheker S, Nardi D, Ferenčík J, Battisti A, Hartmann H,
Nistor C, Cescatti A, Beck PSA (2023). The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2. Global Change Biology, 29(21), 6040-6065. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16912


## 🛰️ Data Creation Methodology: GEE Median  - Temporal Median (12 bands)

- **Period**: Bark Beetle: September 2019, April-September 2020; Forest Type: September 2022
- **Data Source**: [Google Earth Engine](https://earthengine.google.com/)
- **Methodology**: Temporal Median
- **Bands**: **12 bands** (B1-B9, B11, B12)

- **Please cite the following work if you find the dataset useful for your reasearch**

```bibtex
@article{DBLP:journals/ecoi/RecchiaAAIFM26,
  author       = {Vito Recchia and
                  Giuseppina Andresini and
                  Annalisa Appice and
                  Dino Ienco and
                  Giuseppe Fiameni and
                  Donato Malerba},
  title        = {{ULISSE:} Parameter-efficient adaptation of earth vision models to
                  monitor forest disturbance in sentinel-2 time series},
  journal      = {Ecol. Informatics},
  volume       = {94},
  pages        = {103668},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {10.1016/J.ECOINF.2026.103668}
}
```

---

## 📊 Sentinel-2 Data Details

### Sentinel-2 Bands (12 bands at 10m resolution)

| Band | Central Wavelength | Resolution | Band Name |
|------|------------------|-----------|-----------|
| B1 | 443 nm | 60m → 10m | Coastal aerosol |
| B2 | 490 nm | 10m | Blue |
| B3 | 560 nm | 10m | Green |
| B4 | 665 nm | 10m | Red |
| B5 | 705 nm | 20m → 10m | Red edge 1 |
| B6 | 740 nm | 20m → 10m | Red edge 2 |
| B7 | 783 nm | 20m → 10m | Red edge 3 |
| B8 | 842 nm | 10m | Near Infrared |
| B8A | 865 nm | 20m → 10m | Narrow NIR |
| B9 | 940 nm | 60m → 10m | Water vapor |
| B11 | 1610 nm | 20m → 10m | SWIR 1 |
| B12 | 2190 nm | 20m → 10m | SWIR 2 |

**Note**: B10 (SWIR Cirrus) is excluded as reserved for atmospheric corrections.

---

## 📄 License

**CC BY-NC-SA 4.0** - Non-commercial use with attribution

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The development of these datasets is supported from the **SWIFTT Project** - Satellites for Wilderness Inspection and Forest Threat Tracking, funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement 101082732

**Update**: 2026