لَوْحَيْن من حِجَارَة، وأنَّ الله - جَلَّ اسْمُهُ - دَفَع ذلك إليه، فلمَّا نَزَلَ إِلى الشَّعْبِ من الجَبَل وَجَدَهم قد عَبدُوا الوَثَن اغْتَاظَ عليهم - وكان حَدِيدًا فكَسَرَ اللَّوْحَيْن. قال: ونَدِمَ بعد ذلك فأمَرَهُ الله - جَلَّ اسْمُهُ (¬a)-  أَنْ يَكْتُبَ على لَوْحَيْن يَعْمَلُهُما الكتابة الأولى (¬b).
وذَكَرَ رَجُلٌ من أفَاضِل اليَهُود، أنَّ تيك الكِتابة العِبْرَانِيَّة غير هذه وأنَّها صُحِّفَت وغُيِّرَت.
وقال بَعْضُ أَهْل العِلْم من اليَهُود: إِنَّ يُوسُفَ ﵇ لمَّا كان وَزِيرَ العَزِيزِ بمصر، كان ما يَضْبِطُه من أُمُورِ المملكة بالحِسَابِ والعَلامات.
وهذه صُورَةُ الحُرُوفِ العِبْرَانِيَّة:
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' 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<span data-type='title' id=toc-88>الكَلامُ على القَلَمِ الرُّومِيّ</span>
قَرَأْتُ في بَعْضِ التَّوَاريخ القَدِيمَة: لم يَكُن اليُونَانِيُّون يَعْرِفُونَ الخَطَّ في القَدِيم حتى وَرَدَ رَجُلان من مِصْر يُسَمَّى أَحَدُهُما قَدْمُس (¬c)  والآخر أغْنُور، ومعهُما سِتَّة عَشَر حَرْفًا فَكَتَبَ بها اليونانيون، ثم اسْتَنْبَطَ أَحَدُهُما أَرْبَعَة أَحْرُفٍ فَكَتَبَ بها، ثم

(¬a)  ك ١: جَل ذكره.
(¬b)  ك ١ يعملهما للكتابة الأولى.
(¬c)  ب: فيمس.


اسْتَنْبَطَ آخَرُ، يُسَمَّى سِيمونِيلِس، أَرْبَعَةً أُخَر فصَارَت أَرْبَعًا وعِشْرين. وفي هذه الأيَّام نَجَمَ سُقْرَاطيس، على ما ذَكَرَ إِسْحَاقُ الرَّاهِب في "تَارِيخِه".
وسَأَلْتُ رَجُلًا من الرُّوم مُرَاطِنًا بلُغَتِهم، وكان يَذْكُر أَنَّه قد وَصَلَ إلى المَرْتَبَة (¬a)  التي تُسَمَّى الإيطُومُولُوجيا، وهو النَّحْو الرُّومي، فقال: المتُعَارَفُ الذي يَسْتَعْمِلُهُ الرُّومُ في مَدِينَة السَّلام ثَلاثَةُ أقْلام، منها: القَلَمُ الأوَّل ويُقالُ له ليطون، ونَظيرُه من أقلَامِ العَرَب قَلَمُ الوَرَّاقين الذي تُكْتَبُ به المَصَاحِفُ، وبه يَكْتُبُونَ مَصَاحِفَهم ويُعْرَفُ بين نَافِلَة الرُّوم بالمَقْدِسِي.
وهذا مِثَالُه (¬b):
ولهم قَلَمٌ يُسَمَّى "أفُوسْفِيبادون"، ونَظِيرُه من أَقْلامِ العَرَبِ قَلَمُ الثُّلُثِ الذي يَشْتَرِك فيه المُحَقَّقُ والمُسَهَّلُ، وهذا مِثَالُه (¬b).
ولهم قَلَمٌ يُسَمَّى "سوريطون" وهو قَلَمُ الكُتَّاب المُخَفَّف، ومِثْلُه عِنْدَنا قَلمُ التَّرَسُّل الدِّيوَاني، فتُدْغَمُ فيه الحُرُوفُ. وهذا مِثَالُه (¬b):
ولهم قَلَمٌ يُعْرَف بـ "السَّامْيَا" ولا نَظِيرَ له عندنا فإنَّ الحَرْفَ الوَاحِدَ منه يُحيطُ بالمَعَانِي الكَثِيرَة ويَجْمَعُ عِدَّة كلمات. وقد ذَكَرَه جَالِينُوس (¬١) في "فِينَكِس" كُتُبِه، ومَعْنى هذه اللَّفْظَة "ثَبَتُ الكُتُبِ" (¬٢).

(¬a)  ك ١: وكان يذكر أنَّه وَصَلَ إلى العربية.
(¬b)  في هامش ك ١: لم يُذْكَر.
_________
(¬١) فيما يلي ٢٧٥:٢ - ٢٨٠.
(¬٢) الفينكس  FINAKES،  وباليونانية  PINAKES،  هو ثَبَتُ الكُتب أو القائمة الببليوجرافية التي أعَدَّها الطَّبيبُ اليوناني جالينوس لكُتُبِه، قد يكون أوّل أثْبَات الكُتُب التي أُعِدَّت لمؤلَّفات شَخْصٍ بعينه بعد البِينَكِيس  PINAKES،  أو "قوائم جَمِيع المُؤَلَّفات المُهِمَّة في الثَّقَافَة اليونانية وأسْمَاء مُؤَلِّفيها"، الذي أعَدَّه الشَّاعِرُ اليونانيُّ كاليماخوس  CALLIMACHUS،  في القرن الثَّالِث قبل الميلاد، لأهَمِّ مكتبات العَالَم القديم: مكتبة الإسْكَنْدَرية. =


قال جَالِينُوس: كُنْتُ في مَجْلِسٍ عَامٍ فتَكَلَّمْتُ فِي التَّشْرِيحِ كَلامًا عَامًّا، فَلَّما كان بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ لَقِيَني صَدِيقٌ لي فقال: إِنَّ فُلانًا يَحْفَظُ عليك في مَجْلِسِكَ العَام أَنَّكَ تَكَلَّمْتَ بكَذَا وكَذَا (¬a)،  وأعَادَ عليَّ ألْفَاظِي بعَيْنها، فقُلْت: من أَيْنَ لَكَ هذا؟ فقال لي: إنِّي الْتَقَيْتُ (¬b)  بكَاتِبِ مَاهِرٍ بالسَّامْيَا فكان يَسْبِقُك بالكِتَابَة في كَلَامِك. وهذا القَلَمُ يَتَعَلَّمُه المُلُوكُ وجِلَّةُ الكُتَّاب ويُمْنَعُ منه سَائِرُ النَّاس لجَلالَتِه.
جاءَنا من بَعْلَبَك في سَنَة ثَمَانٍ وأَرْبَعِين <وثَلاث مائة> رَجُلٌ مُتَطَبِّبٌ زَعَمَ أَنَّه يَكْتُب بالسَّامْيَا فجَرَّبْنَا عليه ما قال فأصَبْنَاه، إذا تَكَلَّمْنَا بِعَشْرِ كَلِمَاتٍ أَصْغَى إليها ثم كَتَبَ كَلِمَةً، فَاسْتَعَدْنَاهَا فَأَعَادَهَا بِأَلْفاظِنَا.
قال جَعْفَرُ بن المُكْتَفِي (¬١): السَّبَبُ الذي من أَجْلِه تَكْتُبُ الرُّومُ من اليَسَار إلى اليَمِين، أنَّهمُ يَعْتَقِدُون أَنَّ سَبِيلَ الجَالِسِ أنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ المَشْرِقَ فِي كُلِّ حَالَاتِه، فإِنَّه إذا

(¬a)  ك ١: بكلمة ى وكذا.
(¬b)  ب: لقيت.
_________
= وأشارَ حُنَيْنُ بن إسْحاق، الذي تَوَفَّر على ترجمة مؤلَّفات جالينوس إلى العربية، إلى الفِينَكس  FINAKES  بقوله: [إِنَّ] جالينُوس وَضَعَ كتابًا رَسَم فيه ذكر كتبه وسَمَّاه "فِينَكس" وترجمته "الفِهْرِست" (ابن أبي أصيبعة: عيون الأنباء ١: ١٣٥، ١٣٦)، ثم يضيف حُنَيْنُ: "وقد سَبَقني إلى ترجمته إلى السُّرْيانية أيُّوبُ الرَّهَاوي المعروف بالأبْرَش، ثم ترجمته أنا من السُّرْيانية لداود المتطبب وإلى العربي لأبي جَعْفر محمد بن موسى" (نفسه ١٣٧:١). واكتشف الدكتور فؤاد سزجين نُسْخَةً من هذه الترجمة محفوظةً في المشهد الرَّضَوي بإيران تحت رقم ٥٢٢٣ طب (٢٢) و - ٤٠ ظ) (F. SEZGIN، GAS PP. ٧٨ - ٧٩ III،)،  وانظر فيما يلي ٢٧٧:٢.
(¬١) أبو الفَضْل جَعْفر بن عليّ (المُكْتَفي بالله) بن أحمد بن محمد بن جعفر. فاضلٌ من أوْلادِ الخُلْفَاءِ له معرفةٌ بالعلوم القديمة ويدٌ باسطةٌ في علم النجوم. روى عنه القاضي أبو عليّ المحسن بن علي التَّنُوخي حكايات وأناشيد في كتاب "الفَرَج بعد الشِّدَّة" وكتاب "نِشْوَار المُحاضَرَة"، وتُوفِّي في صفر سنة ٣٧٧ هـ /٩٨٨ م. (القفطي: تاريخ الحكماء ١٥٥ - ١٥٦؛ ابن العبري: تاريخ مختصر الدول ١٧٦؛ الصفدي: الوافي بالوفيات ١١٣:١١ - ١١٤).


تَوَجَّه إلى المَشْرِق يكونُ الشَّمَالُ على يَسَارِه، فإذا كان كذلك فاليَسَارُ تُعْطي اليَمِين، فسَبِيلُ الكاتِب أنْ يَبْتَدِيء من الشَّمَالِ إِلى الجَنُوب.
قال: وللرُّومِ قَوانِينٌ في الخَطِّ ورُسُومٌ، منها الحُرُوفُ المُتَعَاقِبَة من الأرْبَعَة والعِشْرِين الحَرْف (¬a)  وهي: الغَمَا والدِّلْطا والقبا والسِّغْمَا والطاو والخِي. ولهم حُرُوفٌ تُسَمَّى المُصَوِّتَات وهي: الألْفا والإي والإيطا واليُوطا والهو والواو الكُبْرَى وهي الأوطُوسِيغْمَا. والحُرُوفُ المُؤنَّثَة أرْبَعَة (¬١): الألْفا والوَاو الصغرى والواو الكُبْرَى. والحُرُوفُ المذكَّرَات: الإيى. الإيطا (¬b).  اليوطا. الهْو. والإِعْرَابُ لا يَقع على شَيءٍ من الحُرُوفِ اليُونَانِيَّة إلَّا على السَّبْعَة الأحْرُف المُصَوِّتَات، وتُعْرَفُ باللَّحْن والتَّلْحِين (¬٢). واللِّسَانُ اليُونَانِي مُسْتَغْنٍ عن اسْتِعْمَالِ سِتَّة أَحْرُفٍ من اللُّغَة العَرَبيَّة وهي: الحَاء والذَّال والضَّاد والعَيْن والهَاءِ ولامْ ألف.

<span data-type='title' id=toc-89>قَلَمُ لَنَكُبَرْدَه ولَشَاكْسَه </span>(¬٣)
هؤلاء أمَّةٌ (¬c)  بين رُومِيَّة والإفْرِنْجَه يُقَارِبُهُم صَاحِبُ الأنْدَلُس. وعَدَدُ حُرُوفِ كِتَابَتهم اثْنَان وعِشْرُون حَرْفًا ويُسَمَّى الخَطُّ أفيسْطُلِيقِي (¬٤). يَبْتَدِءون بالكِتَابَة من اليَسَار إلى اليَمِين، وعِلَّتُهم في ذلك غَيْر عِلَّة الرُّوم، قالوا: ليَكُونَ الاسْتِمْدَادُ عن حَرَكَةِ (القَلْبِ لا عَلَيْه، وإنما الكِتَابَةُ عن اليَمِين إنَّما هي عن) (¬d)  الكَبِد على القَلْبِ.

(¬a)  أَجَازَ بَعْضُ النُّحَاة أنْ يأتي التَّمْيِيزُ مَعْرِفَةً، ففي لُغَة العَرَب "ما فَعَلَت السِّتَّة عَشَر الدِّرْهَم" (شَرح جُمَل الزَّجَّاجي ٢: ٢٨١)، وفيما يلي ٢: ٢٧٧، ٢٧٨.
(¬b)  ك ١ وب: الأليطا.
(¬c)  ب: هو في أمَّة.
(¬d)  ساقطة من ك ١.
_________
(¬١) لم يذكر منها سوى ثلاثة.
(¬٢) ترتيب الأبجدية اليونانية هو:  alpha. beta.
gamma. delta. epsilon. zêta. êta. thêta. iota.
kappa. lambda. mu. nu. xi(ksi). omicron. pi. rhô .
sigma. tau. upsilon. phi. khi (chi). psi. oméga .
(¬٣)  أي  LOMBARDI & SAXONS
(¬٤)  أي كتابة التَّرَسُّل.


وهذا مِثَالُها (¬a)

قَلَمُ الصِّين
الكِتَابَةُ الصِّينِيَّة تَجْري مَجْرَى النَّقْشِ، يَتْعَبُ كاتِبُها الحَاذِق الماهِر فيها، وقيل إنَّه لا يُمكن الخَفِيفَ اليَد أَنْ يَكْتُبَ بها (¬b)  في اليوم أكْثَر من وَرَقَتَيْن أو ثَلاثَة. وبها يَكْتُبُون كُتُبَ دِيَانَتِهم وعُلُومِهم في المَرَاوِح، وقد رَأَيْتُ منها (¬c)  عِدَّةً. وأَكْثَرُهُم ثَنَوِيَّة سُمَنِيَّة (¬d).  وأنا أَسْتَقْصِي أَخْبَارَهُم فيما بَعْد (¬١).
وللصِّين كِتابَةٌ يُقَالُ لها "كِتَابَةُ المَجْمُوع"، وهو أَنَّ لكُلِّ كَلِمَةٍ تُكْتَبُ بِثَلاثَة أحْرُف وأكثر، صُورَةً واحِدة. ولكلِّ كَلام يطول، شَكلٌ من الحُرُوفِ يأتي على المَعَاني الكَثيرَة، فإذا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَكْتُبُوا ما يُكتبُ في مَائَة وَرَقَة كَتَبُوه في صَفْحٍ وَاحِد بهذا القَلَم.
قال محمَّدُ بن زَكريا الرَّازِيّ (¬٢): قَصَدَني رَجُلٌ من الصِّين فأَقَامَ بحَضْرَتي نحو سَنَةٍ تَعَلَّمَ فيها العَرَبيَّة كلامًا وخَطَّا في مُدَّةِ خَمْسَة أَشْهُرٍ، حتى صَارَ فَصِيحًا حَاذِقًا سَرِيعَ اليَد. فلمَّا أَرَادَ الانْصِرَافَ إِلى بَلَدِه قال لي قَبْلَ ذلك بشَهْرٍ: "إِنِّي على الخُرُوجِ: فأُحِبُّ أن تُمِلَّ عليَّ كُتُبَ جَالِينُوس السِّتَّة عشر (¬٣) لأكْتُبَها". فَقُلْتُ: "لقد ضَاقَ عليك الوَقْتُ ولا يفي زَمَانُ مُقامِك لنَسْخِ قَليلٍ منها"، فقال الفَتَى: "أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَهَبَ لِي نَفْسَكَ مُدَّةَ مُقَامِي وتُمِلَّ عليَّ بِأَسْرَعِ ما يُمْكِنك فإِنِّي أَسْبِقُكَ

(¬a)  في هامش ك ١ لم يذكر.
(¬b)  ب: منها.
(¬c)  ك ١: منهم.
(¬d)  ك ١: شمسية.
_________
(¬١) فيما يلي ٢: ٤٣٤.
(¬٢) انظر عن الرَّازي، فيما يلي ٢: ٣٠٥.
(¬٣) انظر أسْمَاء كتب جالينُوس السِّتَّة عشر، فيما يلي ٢٧٧:٢ - ٢٧٨.


بالكِتَابَة". فتَقَدَّمْت إلى بَعْضِ تَلامِيذِي بالاجْتِمَاعِ مَعَنَا على ذلك، فكُنَّا نُملّ عليه بأَسْرَعِ ما يُمْكِنَّا فكان يَسْبِقُنَا، فلم نُصَدِّقْه إلَّا في وَقْتِ الْمُعَارَضَة فَإِنَّه عَارَضَ بِجَمِيعِ ما كَتَبَه. وسَأَلْتُه عن ذلك فقال: "إِنَّ لنا كِتَابَةٌ تُعْرَفُ بـ "المَجْمُوع" وهو الذي رَأَيْتُم، إذا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَكْتُبَ الشيءَ الكَثيرَ في المُدَّةِ اليَسيرَة كَتَبْنَاه بهذا الخَطِّ، ثم إِنْ شِئنَا نَقَلْنَاهُ إلى القَلَم المُتَعَارفِ والمَبْسُوط". وزَعَمَ أَنَّ الإِنْسَانَ الذَّكِيَّ السَّرِيعَ الأَخْذِ والتَّلْقين لا يُمْكِنه أن يَتَعَلَّم ذلك في أقَلّ من عِشْرِين سَنَة.
وللصِّين مِدَادٌ يُرَكِّبُونه من أخْلاطٍ يُشْبِه الدُّهْن الصِّيني، رَأَيْتُ منه شَيْئًا على مِثَالِ الأَلْوَاحَ مَختُومًا عليه صُورَةُ المَلِك، تَكْفِي القِطْعَةُ الزَّمَانَ الطَّوِيل مع مُداوَمَة الكِتَابَة.
وهذا مِثَالُ قَلَمِهم:
 <img 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' 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<span data-type='title' id=toc-91>الكَلامُ على القَلَمِ المَنَّاني</span>
الخَطُّ المَنَّاني مُسْتَخْرَجٌ من الفَارِسِيّ والسُّرْيَانِي، اسْتَخْرَجَه مَاني. كما أَنَّ المَذْهَبَ مُرَكَّبٌ من المَجُوسِيَّة والنَّصْرَانِيَّة، وحُرُوفُه زَائِدَة على حُرُوفِ العَرَبِيَّة. وبهذا القَلَم يَكْتُبُون أنَاجِيلَهُم وكُتُبَ شَرَائِعِهم. وأَهْلُ ما وَرَاءَ النَّهْر وسَمَرْقَنْد بهذا القَلَم يَكْتُبُون كُتُبَ الدِّين، ويُسَمَّى ثُمَّ "قَلَم الدِّين" (¬١).

(¬١) انظر فيما يلي ٢: ٣٩٩ - ٤٠١.


(¬١) فيما يلي ٢: ٤٠٧ - ٤٠٨.
(¬٢) الصُّغدُ. كورَةٌ كبيرةٌ قَصَبَتُها سَمَرْقَند راجع  G. E. BOSWORTH، El ٢ art. al - Sughd IX، p. ٨٠٦
(¬٣)  تُونْكَث. من قرى الشَّاش، قصَبَة إيلاق (ياقوت الحموي: معجم البلدان ١: ٢٩١، ٦٢:٢)؛ وفيما يلي ٤٠٢:٢.


الكَلامُ على السِّند (¬a)
هَؤُلاء القَوْمُ مُخْتَلِفو (¬b)  اللُّغَاتِ مُخْتَلِفُو (¬b)  المَذَاهِب ولهم أقْلَامٌ عِدَّة. قال لي بَعْضُ من يَجُولُ بِلادَهم: إنَّ لهم نَحْو مائتي قَلَم؛ والذي رَأَيْتُ صَنَمًا صُفْرًا في دَارِ السُّلْطانِ، قيل إنَّه صُورَةُ البُدّ (¬١)، وهو شَخْصٌ على كُرْسي قد عَقَدَ بِإِحْدَى يَدَيْه ثُلُثَيْن، وعلى الكُرْسِي كِتَابَةٌ هذا مِثَالُها:
 <img 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' 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وذَكَرَ هذا الرَّجُلُ المُقَدَّم ذِكْرُه، أنَّهم في الأكْثَر يَكْتُبُون بالتِّسْعَة الأَحْرُف على هذا المِثَال:
 <img src='data:image/jpg;base64,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' 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وابْتِدَاؤُه ا. ب. ج. د. هـ. و. ز. ح. ط. ي. فإذا بَلَغَ إلى ط أَعَادَ الحَرْفَ الأوّل ونَقَطَه تَحْتَهُ علَى هذا المِثَال:
 <img 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FkxQB6JoMjSaFp8kvDtbRs31KjNAEtjqFnf+f8AYbuC5+zytBN5Mgfy5F+8jYPDDIyDzQBZoAKAPHPh7DcSfHfxHdyosca2tzAowQW/0pSG9x70AeneJfEWm+GrSC61edYIJ51t1dnVQGIJGSxAxhTQBfsruC+tIrq0lSaCZA6OjBgwIyCCOOhoAxPiSiv8PPEm9Q23S7ojIzg+U3NAHE/swnPw8uef+Yg3/oqKgD1egAoAKACgCDULVL2wuLSUBo7iJo2BGQQwIP8AOgDP8LaOdDsJbTKeWZi0YToqYAA6DHSgDXoAbIiSxtHIqujgqysMgg9QRQByGrfC/wAJ6netdS6TbRSODuENvEoYkklj8hyeetAGv4X8KaP4Xt3h0izih3sWZxEiscgDGVA4+UUAbVAFfUrKHUtOurG5GYLqJ4ZBxyrAg9eOhoAw/B3gXQfCHntpFognndi1w8cfmhTt+QMqg7MqDj1oA6SgAoA8H+P8Op6F480PxnbQrLZ2ccEDDazHesskpzjAxgf3v8aAOu8JfGzwvrlrH9snOm3AAWX7W8UKF8DJXMhO3J4z6GgCr4M8OeGpfiFqGt+H/FrXk10ZLmW0t9Rjk5aVXbKKP9XnA5PfFAHqlAEVzbQXUYjuoI5kByFkQMM+uDQAyKws4YHghtII4pM741jAVsjByO/FADIdL0+CQSQWFrE46MkKgj8QKALdABQBl+LYHuvCusW8MRlklspkWMLuLkowAx3z6UAcb8BNCv8Aw/4V1K31O1e1kn1SWdI3jZCEKRgcED0P5UAdPc+C9AufEMWuTabbNfRAFXMEZwwfeHztzuz3zQBv0AFABQByHxK8JXPiy30WO0lhj+w6rBeTeaxAaNA24LgH5vm4zge9AHRmzK6P9hikaNhb+SrqcFflwCD2oA8o+E/h/wAV6H8RPEP2s3C6NPPcyKJ/NCSuZk/eDIClio+91P0oA9joAKAPM9ItZbH9oG8jZkEdxoD3AWMnHzXY5I/vcUAdN8RvBVl470FNL1Ce4gWGYXETQOqnzArKASVb5fnPQZoAseB/Dn/CK6DHpYvLm7WMja08vmFAFVQoOBhRt4GO9AGzeW0N7aTWt1GssE6NHIjqGVlIwQQeCCDQBm+GPDeneGLS4tdJj8qC4uGuCgVVVWYAYUKAAAFGKANegAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKAKmq6XYavaG11Szt7yAnOyeJZFBwRkBgRnBP50Aedat8CPCd/FKkZu7Uy3JuMweUhTOfkX93wgzwPagDQ+Hnwm0fwJrc2qaZd380s1u1uVuJEZdpZWzhUXnKDvQB6BQAUAFABQAUAFABQAUAFABQAUAFABQAUAFABQAUAVjp1mdSGo/ZoRfCLyPtAjHmeXnds3YztzzjOM0AWaACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoAKACgAoA//9k=' 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(¬a)  ك ١ وب: المسند.
(¬b)  ب، ك ١: مختلفي.
_________
(¬١) صورة البُد، أي تمثال بوذا.


(¬١) الجاحظ: البيان والتبيين ١٢:٣ - ١٣.


الرُّوسيَّة
قال لي من أثِقُ بحِكايَتِه: إِنَّ بَعْضَ مُلُوكِ جَبَلِ القَبَقِ أَرْسَلَه إِلى مَلِك الرُّوسيَة وزَعَمَ أَنَّ لهم كِتَابَةً على الخَشَبِ حَفْرًا، وأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ قِطْعَةَ خَشَبٍ بَيَاض عليها نُقُوشٌ لا أَدْرِي أهي كَلِماتٌ أَمْ حُرُوفٌ مُفْرَدَاتٌ (¬١)، مِثَالُ ذلك:
 <img src='data:image/jpg;base64,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' style='width: 100%;height: auto'>
الفِرنجَة
وكِتَابتُهم تُشبِه الخَطَّ الرُّومِيّ، أَحْسَنُ اسْتِوَاءً منه ورُبَّما رَأَيْنَا ذلك على السُّيُوف الفرنجية، وكانت مَلِكَةُ الفِرِنْجَة كَتَبَت إلى المُكْتَفِي كِتَابًا في حَرِيرٍ أَبْيَض وأَنْفَذَتْه مع خَادِمٍ وَقَعَ إِلى بَلَدِها من جِهَةِ المَغْرِب، تَخْطُبُ صَدَاقَة الْمُكْتَفِي وتَطْلُبُ التَّزويجَ به. وكان اسْمُ الخَادِم عَلِيًّا من خَدَم ابن الأَغْلَب (¬٢).
وهذا مِثَالَ كِتَابَتِهم (¬a).

(¬a)  في ك ١: لم يذكر.
_________
(¬١) انظر ما كتبه حول هذا المَوضُوع كريستيان مارين فَرَان  CH. M. FRAEHN، Ibn - Abi - Jakub el - Nedim's Nachricht von der Schrift der Russen im X Jahrhundert m. Ch. Kritisch belauchtet"، Bulletin scientifique publié par l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg I (١٨٣٦)، pp. ٥٠٧ - ٣٠
(¬٢)  هي الملكة  BERTA DI TOSCANA  وراجع تفاصيل هذا الخبر عند الخالديين: التحف والهدايا ١٦٥ - ١٦٨؛ الرشيد بن الزبير: الذخائر والتحف  M. HAMIDULLAH، "Embassy of ١٠٩ - ٤٨ Queen Bertha of Rome to Caliph al - Muktafi Billâh in Baghdad ٢٩٣/ ٩٠٦"، JPHS (١٩٥٣)، pp. ٢٧٢ - ٣٠٠.


الأرْمَنُ وغَيْرُهُم
فأَمَّا الأَرْمَنُ فإنَّهم يَكْتُبُون في الأكْثَر بالرُّومِيَّة والعَرَبية، لقُرْبهم من البُلْدَان وكذلك كُتِبَت أنَاجِيلُهم بالرُّومِيَّة ولهم قَلَمٌ يُشْبه كِتَابَة الرُّومِيّ وليس هو الرُّومِيّ.
وأمَّا المُلُوكُ الذين في جَبَلِ القَبَقِ وفي سَفْحِه، وهم اللَّكْز والشِّرْوَان والزَّرْزَق، فلا قَلَمَ لهم، ولُغَتُهم تَشْتَرِكُ بالمُجاورة، ولكلِّ طَائِفَةٍ لُغَةٌ وعِبَارَتُهم مُخْتَلِفَةٌ، ونحن نَسْتَقْصي أَخْبَارَهم في مَوْضِعِه من الكِتاب.

الكَلَامُ على بَرْي الأَقْلَام
الأُممُ تَخْتَلِفُ في بَرْي أفلامها. فبريُ العِبْرَانِيّ في غَايَة التَّحْرِيف، وبَرْيُ السُّرْيَانِي مُحَرَّفٌ إلى اليَسَار، ورُبَّما كان إلى اليَمين، ورُبَّما قَلَبُوا القَلَمَ على ظَهْرِه، ورُبَّما شَقُّوا قَصَبَه وبَرَوْا ذلك النِّصْف وسَمَّوه صَلْبًا وكتبُوا به. وبَرْيُ الرُّوميّ مُحَرَّفٌ إلى اليَمِين شَدِيدُ التَّحْرِيف لأنَّه يُكْتَبُ به من اليَسَارِ إلى اليَمَين. وبَرْيُ الفارسي أنْ يكون سِنُّ قَلَمِه مُشَعَّثًا، إمَّا أن يكون شَعَّثَهُ الكاتِبُ بالأَرْضِ أو بأسْنَانِه حتى يحُسن به الخطّ، ورُبَّما كَتَبُوا بأسْفَل قَصَبَةٍ غير مَبْرِيَّة، ويُسَمُّونَ هذه الأُنبُوبة خَامًا وبها يَكْتُبُون الـ "هماه دياء"، وهي كُتُبُ الدِّيَانَة السِّيَاق وغيره. والصِّينُ يكتبون بالشَّعْر يَجْعَلُونه في رُؤُوسِ الأنَابِيبِ كما يَعْمَل المُصَوِّرُون. والعَرَب تَكْتُبُ بسَائِر الأقلام والبرَايَات والمعمُول على التَّحْرِيف الأيمن، والكُتَّابُ يَقُطُّون القَلَمَ غير مُحَرَّف (¬١).

(¬١) راجع عن تجهيز القَلَم وبَرْيه، القلقشندي: صبح الأعشى ٤٥٥:٢ - ٤٤٦٥؛ ديروش: المدخل إلى علم الكتاب المخطوط بالحرف العربي، نقله إلى العربية وقَدَّمَ له أيمن فؤاد سيد، لندن - مؤسسة =