# Primary-source bibliography and access notes

Literature search date: 19 September 2026. Bibliographic dates use publication records, not search-engine crawl dates. This is a targeted scientific prior-art search; no patent freedom-to-operate conclusion is offered. Citations identify enabling evidence, not endorsement of this proposal. No external figures or source PDFs are redistributed.

**R1.** Rothemund, P. W. K. (2006). Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns. Nature. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04586). DOI: 10.1038/nature04586. Scaffolded DNA origami; publisher abstract/bibliographic record accessed.

**R2.** Ke, Y., Ong, L. L., Shih, W. M., and Yin, P. (2012). Three-dimensional structures self-assembled from DNA bricks. Science 338, 1177-1183. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197527/). DOI: 10.1126/science.1227268. PubMed and publisher records accessed; PMC full-text access was blocked during one attempt.

**R3.** Tian, Y. et al. (2020). Ordered three-dimensional nanomaterials using DNA-prescribed and valence-controlled material voxels. Nature Materials 19, 789-796. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-019-0550-x). DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0550-x. Direct precedent for material voxels; publisher abstract and originating laboratory summary accessed.

**R4.** Luu, M. T. et al. (2024). Reconfigurable nanomaterials folded from multicomponent chains of DNA origami voxels. Science Robotics 9, eadp2309. [Publisher](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.adp2309). DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adp2309. Indexed primary title/abstract found; direct publisher page failed during access. No precise method parameter is imported from this source.

**R5.** Ong, L. L. et al. (2017). Programmable self-assembly of three-dimensional nanostructures from 10,000 unique components. Nature 552, 72-77. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29219968/). DOI: 10.1038/nature24648. Bibliography verified in PubMed and author institution record.

**R6.** Wintersinger, C. M. et al. (2023; online 2022). Multi-micron crisscross structures grown from DNA-origami slats. Nature Nanotechnology 18, 281-289. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-022-01283-1). DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01283-1. Publisher abstract accessed; includes more than 1,000 addressable slats from a combinatorial strand library. [Correction](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-023-01365-8) restores missing supplementary data; [author code](https://github.com/aersh/origamicrisscross).

**R7.** Demaine, E. D. et al. (2008 preprint). Staged Self-Assembly: Nanomanufacture of Arbitrary Shapes with O(1) Glues. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.0316). Formal staged tile model, not an experimental constant-glue fabricator.

**R8.** Demaine, E. D., Fekete, S. P., Scheffer, C., and Schmidt, A. (2015 preprint). New Geometric Algorithms for Fully Connected Staged Self-Assembly. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.07862). Fully connected polyominoes and polylogarithmic stages under a formal model.

**R9.** Murugan, A., Zeravcic, Z., Brenner, M. P., and Leibler, S. (2015; preprint 2014). Multifarious assembly mixtures: Systems allowing retrieval of diverse stored structures. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.6893). Shared-component competing-target model; abstract accessed.

**R10.** Benoist, F., and Sartori, P. (2026). Assembly Factors Resolve Speed and Encoding Bottlenecks in Multifarious Self-Assembly. PRX Life 4, 033021; published 27 August 2026. [Publisher](https://journals.aps.org/prxlife/abstract/10.1103/5w6h-l93l). DOI: 10.1103/5w6h-l93l. Primary abstract and publication record accessed. This recent prior art limits claims about inventing kinetic/encoding bottleneck relief.

**R11.** Chen, Z. et al. (2019; online 2018). Programmable design of orthogonal protein heterodimers. Nature 565, 106-111. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0802-y). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0802-y. Publisher abstract and extended-data descriptions accessed; selected robust designs are not evidence that arbitrary protein voxels share their stability.

**R12.** Michelson, A., Flanagan, T. J., Lee, S.-W., and Gang, O. (2023). High-strength, lightweight nano-architected silica. Cell Reports Physical Science 4, 101475. [Publisher](https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-physical-science/fulltext/S2666-3864%2823%2900254-0). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101475. Primary indexed record and originating laboratory publication list accessed; not a source for a ready-made coating recipe in this release.

**R13.** Kulikowski, J. et al. (2024). DNA-silica nanolattices as mechanical metamaterials. Matter. [Publisher](https://www.cell.com/matter/fulltext/S2590-2385%2824%2900154-1). DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.03.020. [Author dataset](https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi%3A10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfxz) accessed; indexed publisher abstract used. Direct full-text page was unavailable in one attempt.

**R14.** Gerling, T., Kube, M., Kick, B., and Dietz, H. (2018). Sequence-programmable covalent bonding of designed DNA assemblies. Science Advances 4, eaau1157. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30128357/). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1157. [Author full text](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6097813/). Designed ultraviolet-induced thymine crosslinks; this does not establish engineering-grade inorganic fusion.

**R15.** King, N. P. et al. (2012). Computational design of self-assembling protein nanomaterials with atomic level accuracy. Science 336, 1171-1174. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22654060/). DOI: 10.1126/science.1219364. Primary abstract/bibliography accessed.

**R16.** Hopfield, J. J. (1974). Kinetic proofreading: a new mechanism for reducing errors in biosynthetic processes requiring high specificity. PNAS 71, 4135-4139. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4530290/). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4135. Driven discrimination precedent.

**R17.** Murugan, A., Huse, D. A., and Leibler, S. (2012). Speed, dissipation, and error in kinetic proofreading. PNAS. [Publisher](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1119911109). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119911109. Primary record accessed; time/energy/error trade-offs.

**R18.** Winfree, E., and Bekbolatov, R. (2004 proceedings of DNA 2003). Proofreading Tile Sets: Error Correction for Algorithmic Self-Assembly. LNCS 2943, 126-144. [Publisher](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_13). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-24628-2_13. Publisher abstract accessed.

**R19.** Soloveichik, D., and Winfree, E. (2008). Combining self-healing and proofreading in self-assembly. [Author manuscript](https://www.dna.caltech.edu/Papers/selfhealing_proofreading_2008.pdf). Author PDF accessed through indexed text. Existing theoretical repair/self-assembly work.

**R20.** Wang, Y. et al. (2012). Colloids with valence and specific directional bonding. Nature 491, 51-55. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11564). DOI: 10.1038/nature11564. Primary indexed record accessed.

**R21.** Park, S. Y. et al. (2008). DNA-programmable nanoparticle crystallization. Nature 451, 553-556. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06508). DOI: 10.1038/nature06508. Primary publication record accessed.

**R22.** Cote, A. P. et al. (2005). Porous, crystalline, covalent organic frameworks. Science 310, 1166-1170. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16293756/). DOI: 10.1126/science.1120411. Primary bibliography verified.

**R23.** Kurihara, K. et al. (2011). Self-reproduction of supramolecular giant vesicles combined with the amplification of encapsulated DNA. Nature Chemistry 3, 775-781. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1127). DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1127. Primary abstract accessed; restricted synthetic-compartment result.

**R24.** Cheung, K. C., and Gershenfeld, N. (2013). Reversibly assembled cellular composite materials. Science 341, 1219-1221. [Author manuscript](https://cba.mit.edu/docs/papers/13.09.Science.pdf). DOI: 10.1126/science.1240889. Primary bibliographic record and author PDF accessed.

**R25.** Kim, S. O. et al. (2003). Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates. Nature 424, 411-414. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12879065/). DOI: 10.1038/nature01775. Hybrid directed-assembly precedent.

**R26.** Kuzyk, A. et al. (2012). DNA-based self-assembly of chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tailored optical response. Nature 483, 311-314. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10889). DOI: 10.1038/nature10889. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.3752) abstract accessed. Evidence that nanoparticle organization can produce designed optical function; the proposed planar sensor is not copied experimental data.

**R27.** Serreli, V., Lee, C.-F., Kay, E. R., and Leigh, D. A. (2007). A molecular information ratchet. Nature 445, 523-527. [Primary record](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17268466/). DOI: 10.1038/nature05452. Primary abstract accessed; energy-driven molecular motion, not a perpetual machine.

**R28.** Doty, D., Lutz, J. H., Patitz, M. J., Schweller, R. T., Summers, S. M., and Woods, D. (2012; preprint 2011). The tile assembly model is intrinsically universal. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.3097). Abstract and author text accessed. Model-specific computational universality.

**R29.** Jacobs, W. M., Reinhardt, A., and Frenkel, D. (2015). Rational design of self-assembly pathways for complex multicomponent structures. PNAS 112, 6313-6318. [Publisher](https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1502210112). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502210112. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.01351) abstract accessed; nucleation and time-dependent protocols.

**R30.** Saha, R. et al. (2025). Modular programming of interaction and geometric specificity enables assembly of complex DNA origami nanostructures. Nature Communications 16, 11392. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-66195-9). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66195-9. [Author preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05388) and [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41381477/) accessed. Direct prior art for shared scaffold routing, reusable staples, and geometric/interaction programming.

**R31.** Zykov, V., Mytilinaios, E., Adams, B., and Lipson, H. (2005). Self-reproducing machines. Nature 435, 163-164. [Author laboratory](https://www.creativemachineslab.com/self-replication.html). DOI: 10.1038/435163a. Publisher access failed; originating laboratory material is the evidence route for restricted modular robotics.

**R32.** Li, H., Eddaoudi, M., O'Keeffe, M., and Yaghi, O. M. (1999). Design and synthesis of an exceptionally stable and highly porous metal-organic framework. Nature 402, 276-279. [Publisher](https://www.nature.com/articles/46248). DOI: 10.1038/46248. Primary abstract and bibliographic record accessed.