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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- transformers
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- residual-connections
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- scaling-laws
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- language-modeling
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- reliability
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pretty_name: "Review Residuals — Scaling Sweep Results"
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size_categories:
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- n<1K
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---
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# Review Residuals — Scaling Sweep Results
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Supporting data, code, and paper for **"Review Residuals: Update-Conditioned Residual Gating for Transformers"** (Kyle Kramer, NeraTech LLC, 2026).
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Review Residuals scale each transformer sublayer's proposed update by a small learned gate conditioned on *both* the current state **and** the proposed update — an in-network analogue of *independent verification*. Trained from scratch with parameter-matched baselines, the advantage over both a Highway gate and the standard residual **emerges with scale**.
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**Code & full repo:** https://github.com/SixSigmaEngineer/review-residuals
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## What's here
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- `scaling_v8.csv` — the 42 training runs (per-seed validation losses) behind every number in the paper.
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- `train.py`, `analyze_results.py`, `make_emergence_figure.py`, `run_on_runpod.ipynb` — training, analysis, figure, and cloud-GPU code.
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- `review_residuals.pdf` — the technical paper; plain-English companion included.
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- Figures: `mechanism_additive.png`, `emergence_curve.png`.
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## `scaling_v8.csv` schema
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| column | meaning |
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|---|---|
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| `size` | model size group (60M, 150M, 320M, 590M, 1B) |
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| `variant` | `review_neutral` (ours), `highway`, or `standard` (both baselines parameter-matched up to Review) |
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| `seed` | random seed |
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| `params_M` | actual parameter count (millions) |
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| `steps` | training steps |
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| `val_loss` | validation loss (lower is better) |
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| `ece` | expected calibration error (where measured) |
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| `minutes` | wall-clock training time |
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## Headline result
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| Size | Review | Highway | Standard | Review wins? |
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|---|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--|
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| 60M | 1.6891 | 1.6923 | **1.6805** | no |
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| 150M | 1.5576 | 1.5625 | 1.5548 | tie |
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| 320M | **1.5001** | 1.5042 | 1.5037 | tie |
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| 590M | **1.4795** | 1.4889 | 1.4901 | **yes (p<0.05)** |
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| 1B | **1.4876** | 1.5031 | 1.5040 | **yes (strong trend)** |
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Reproduce the table and t-tests with `python analyze_results.py`.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{kramer2026reviewresiduals,
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title = {Review Residuals: Update-Conditioned Residual Gating for Transformers},
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author = {Kramer, Kyle},
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year = {2026},
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note = {NeraTech LLC}
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}
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```
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Licensed under Apache-2.0.
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