Fluorescence histochemical study of Aurbach's plexus of the ileum of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated guinea pig. In the present investigation the action of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on Auerbach's plexus of the ileum of the guinea pig has been studied with Falck and Hillarp's histochemical technique. A singel dose of 15-25 mg/kg of 6-OHDA causes degeneration of some of the adrenergic nerve fibres after 6 h of treatment. 200-250 mg/kg of 6-OHDA is responsible for the total disappearance of nerve fibres in the ganglia and internodal strands within 24 h. 6 h after 100 mg/kg of 6-OHDA treatment, the intervaricose fibres have mostly disappeared and a few nerve fibres are swollen. The pre-terminal fibres are not much affected. After 24 and 48 h of 100 mg/kg treatment with 6-OHDA, most of the varicose and non-varicose fibres have disappeared and very few fibres are left, these having become intensely fluorescent and much swollen, probably due to the accumulation of storage granules transported to this site by axoplasmic flow. After 6-8 days of treatment with 6-OHDA all the fluorescen fibres and cell bodies have disappeared. A few faintly fluorescent green and yellow cell bodies could also be observed; however, their chemical nature could not be determined.


Enzyme histochemistry of rat interfascicular oligodendroglia, with special reference to 5'-nucleotidase. The interfascicular oligodendroglia of the rat striatum nucleus is studied in control animals and under experimentally induced brain edemas. Enzyme histochemical studies were performed. Normal oligodendrocytes show two different enzymatic distributions. While Mg2+-ATPase, TPPase, TPPase, adenylate cyclase and SDH are shown to be situated at the cell bodies and some proximal processes, 5'-nucleotidase reaction is seen at the cell fine distal processes. In spite of its trong activity in oligodendroglial endings the latter enzyme is not seen at the myelin sheath. This sheath and the interfascicular cells being intimately related, 5'-nucleotidase appears to be important not only during myelination, as almost all authors emphasize, but also in the adult myelin metabolism. Experimental brain edema shows some changes in the interfasicular oligodendroglia enzymatic activites for 5'-nucleotidase, Mg2+-ATPase and adenylate cyclase. A progressive disappearance of the former enzyme is observed. These features and those of derived from local ionic alterations may be concerned with the special susceptibility of white matter for some types of brain swellings.


Effects of intense exercise on intracellular glycogen and fat in pigeon pectoralis. The pigeon pectoralis muscle was electrically stimulated in vivo at a high intensity of 25 V and the intracellular glycogen and fat reserves of the muscle examined histochemically to determine the pattern of substrate utilization in the component broad white and narrow red fibre types during the intense flight-simulated exercise. 4 h of continuous stimulation resulted in the depletion of intracellular glycogen from both fibre types and a simultaneous reduction in the intracellular fat stores of the red fibres. While glycogen provides the only source of energy for the white fibres, glycogen as well as fat serves as fuel for the red fibres. It is postulated that, though fat is the major fuel for the red fibres, their glycogen reserves are utilized to ensure a steady supply of oxaloacetate essential in the oxidation of fatty acids via the Krebs cycle, and that fatty acid catabolism helps to maintain gluconeogenesis.


Electron-microscopic identification of amoeboid microglia in the spinal cord of newborn rats. Electron-microscopic studies in the spinal cord of neonatal rats show, though rarely, the existence of amoeboid microglial cells. The cells are distributed singly and are found only in the spinal grey matter. They are characterized by having a round, prominent nucleus with peripheral chromatin clumps. The cytoplasm is endowed with a well-developed Golgi complex, and isolated profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum. One striking feature of the cytoplasm is the presence of abundant lysosome-like granules. The cytoplasm, which is of moderate density, may be vacuolated. The surface of the cells often sends out pseudopodium-like processes. These, together with the presence of occasional phagosomes, indicate that the amoeboid cells are phagocytic. Thus, it is possible to generalize from the present and earlier findings that amoeboid microglial cells are normal cellular constituents in the maturing central nervous system and their temporary existence in the neonatal stage indicates the necessity of these cells for subsequent maturation of the nervous tissue.


Morphological, histochemical, autoradiographic and topographical evidences of the origin of the Langerhans' cell from the melanocyte in the skin of the guinea pig. The microscopic anatomy of the nucleus, Golgi substance, mitochondria, etc. of type 1, 2, 3 and 4 albino melanocytes, type 01 and 011 albino intermediate cells of Billingham and Medawar and type I, II, III and IV albino Langerhans' cells of the albino guinea pig, is presented in detail. The study has demonstrated that the albino melanocytes degenerate through sequential stages of intermediate cells of Billingham and Medawar, type I, II and III Langerhans' cells to ultimately from type IV Langerhans' cells. It has been shown that all the dendritic cells of the epidermis belonged to one class of cells. Autoradiographic techniques have shown that type 3 and type 4 melanocytes, respectively, bearing 6 and 5 round-tipped dendritic processes, divide by mitosis to form two daughter cells. One of these two daughter forms the intermediate cell of Billingham and Medawar. This cell, while transforming sequentially into type I, II, III and IV Langerhans' cells, moves up through the Malpighian and granular layers of cells, to the stratum corneum. This type IV Langerhans' cell is ultimately extruded out of the stratum corneum by exfoliation. The other daughter melanocyte remains at its place in the sub-basal zone to function as a mature melanocyte. The time for the passage of the daughter melanocyte to travel from the sub-basal zone to the stratum corneum layer was found to be 15 days.


The community psychiatric nurse.

The community psychiatric nurse.


Quandary-3. Problems of conscience.

Quandary-3. Problems of conscience.


A reason to worry.

A reason to worry.


Whooping cough.

Whooping cough.


Alcohol and the brain.

Alcohol and the brain.


The case of a Christmas Carol.

The case of a Christmas Carol.


A move ahead.

A move ahead.


The King's Liver Unit-2.

The King's Liver Unit-2.


Nursing care study: total dysphagia due to mild tetanus.


The intangible line.

The intangible line.


Effect of ethanol on subcellular metal distribution in rat liver. The effect of ethanol on the subcellular distribution of Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg and Cr in rat liver has been investigated. Significant changes in Mg, Zn and Mn distribution have been observed. No change in the microsomal Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg and Cr content has been found.


The antitumor activity of certain substituted nucleosides. Tests were made of the antitumor activity against lymphoid leukemic L 5178 Y cells in vitro, as exhibited by the following compounds: 2'-O-methyl-araC, 5'-0-methyl-araC, N4,2'-O-dimethyl-araC, N4-methyl-araC, 2,2'-anhydro-5'-O-methyl-araC, N4-methyl-2,2'-anhydro-araC, 4-thio-2,2'-anhydro-araU and 5-amino-araU being a new analogue or araC. The synthesis of the latter compound is described. The activity of 5-amino-araU was tested also in vivo against L 1210 mouse leukemia. O'-Alkylation, N4-exo-alkylation and the change in the amino group position from 4 to 5 abolishes the susceptibility of the above analogues to cytidine deaminase but at the same time it substantially reduces their cytotoxic activity. It was shown that 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine inhibits 14 and 26% in vitro the growth of L 5178 Y cells at concentrations 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, respectively. The possible biological significance of the latter compound is discussed.


Studies on antilipolytic activity of antipyretics. Part II. Influence of sodium salicylate, aminophenazone, and acetophenidin on lipolysis stimulated by noradrenaline and aminophylline in vitro. Lipolysis, expressed as muEq of FFA released from 1 g of epidydymal fat tissue per hour, was stimulated by noradrenaline (NA) and aminophyline. Sodium salicylate inhibited the lipolysis stimulated by NA, but not by aminophylline. Aminophenazone and acetophenidin inhibited the lipolysis stimulated either by NA or by aminophylline. The antipyretics inhibited stimulated lipolysis in a non-competitive manner. The results suggest an important role of the action of antipyretics on lipolysis in their hypothermizing action.


Lesions of midbrain raphe and ethanol narcosis in rats. Serotonin -- depleting lesions involving nucleus raphe medianus markedly prolonged ethanol-induced sleep in rats. Lesioned animals showed increased general activity and decreased serotonin and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid concentrations in the forebrain.


Central effects of prostaglandins F2alpha and E1. In male Wistar rats PGF2alpha or PGE1 were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) in a dose of 1 or 10 mug. Immediately or 1 hr after injection the locomotor and exploratory activity were measured. The levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and acetylcholine (Ach) were measured in discrete brain areas. Both PGs applied ivc caused the depression of locomotor and exploratory activity in rats. PGE1 acted longer. Both substances but PGE1 more intensively affected the level of estimated biogenic amines in different brain structures. It is concluded that PGF2alpha and E1 are central nervous depressants. Both PGs affect neurons producing NA or 5-HT or Ach in discrete areas of brain in different manner. There is different susceptibility of brain structures on PGs action.


Behavioural effects of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in centrally chemosympathectomized rats. In rats central chemical sympathectomy (CCS) was elicited by intracerebro-ventricular (icv) injection of two doses of 250 mug of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at 48 hr interval. 7 days after the last injection when full CCS is developed, 10 mug of dopamine (DA) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were applied icv and locomotor and exploratory activity and irritability of animals were measured. CCS reversed the depressive effect of DA on the locomotor and exploratory activity, and intensified irribability of animals. It intensified the effect of 5-HT on the exploratory activity without changing the others observed behavioral parameters. It is concluded that CCS changes reactivity of central nervous system of pharmacological effects of DA and slightly affects the central response to 5-HT.


Central action of prostaglandin F2alpha on circulatory system in rats. PGF2alpha administered into the lateral brain ventricle of anesthetized rats caused an increase of the blood pressure and heart rate. Reserpine, chemical sympathectomy of the CNS with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), atropine, and vagotomy weakened the central action of PGF2alpha on the peripheral circulation. Propranolol and phenoxybenzamine exerted no influence. Neither reserpine nor 6-OHDA changed the influence of iv injected PGF2alpha on the circulation. The results of the experiments indicate to the participation of the central catecholamines in the mechanism of central action of the PGF2alpha on the circulatory system.


Analysis of drug decomposition products. Part 34. Gas chromatography method for quantitative determination of METET in the presence of its sulfoxide. Gas chromatographic method for the determination of METET in the presence of its oxydation product sulfoxide was worked out. The gas chromatographic conditions were: gas chromatograph--Chrom4CSSR,FID,N2-flow20--30cm3/min glass, column 100 cm, phi 0-2 cm, 10% SE-30 on Chromosorb W 100/120 mesh, temp. 180--200 degrees C. The determination was carried by means of internal standard (phenylbutazone--PhB--1,2-diphenyl 4n-butyl pyrazolidino-3,5-dione or aminophenazone--APh--1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-dimethylamino-pyrazolone-5) and the calibration curve was prepared. The ratio of peak heights for the determined comound and the standard was considered. The error of the METET determination expressed as standard percentage deviation was sr = 2--3% at n = 10.


Derivatives of 3-p-chlorophenyl-3-oxopropane and 3-p-chlorophenyl-3-hydroxypropane-1-carboxylic acids. Starting from gamma-chlorophenyltetrahydro- and gamma-chlorophenyldihydro-furan-2-ones (2 and 12), some new amides and hydrazides of the acids mentioned in the title were prepared (Table 1 and 2). Of the obtained compounds the following 10, 14, 15, 17, 20--23 show central depressant action.


Studies on the polymorphism of barbital. Crystalline samples of barbital obtained by isothermal crystallization from various solvents or by sublimation were analysed. Morphological, thermomicroscopical, thermal, IR, density and initial dissolution rate studies were carried out. X-ray analysis according to Debye-Scherrer was realised after 9-month storage of samples at room conditions. The ability of barbital to form polymorphic modifications was confirmed but the conclusions of previous works were discussed. It was found that the stability of metastable crystal structures II, III and IV was high enough to make them commercially feasible.


Derivatives of 2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid. II. Pirazolo-[3,4-d]-pyrimidine and hydrazinopyrimidine. Heating of 2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid 1 with hydrazine or its derivatives in ethanolic solution gave 4-hydrazino derivatives 10--12. However, at 150--160 degrees in the absence of a solvent after decarboxylation the 4-hydrazino derivatives 13 and 14 were formed. Under similar conditions form 2 (the ethyl ester of 1), 4-methylpyrazole-[3,4-d]-5(H)-pyrimidine-3,6-dione and the corresponding 1--substituted derivatives 3,7,8 of this ring system were obtained. These compounds were easily chlorinated (POCl3/PCl5) in 6 and 3 and 6 position. Compounds 3 and 7 have strong cytostatic activity in vitro and in vivo, compound 13 acts as virostatic and antiinflammatory.


The effect of intrahippocampal administration of dopamine or apomorphine on EEG of limbic structures in the rabbit brain. The effect of intrahippocampal injections of dopamine or apomorphine on the energy level of EEG from limbic structures in the rabbit was investigated. The EEG was recorded from gyrus cinguli anterior, hippocampus dorsalis, nucleus amygdalae, hypothalamus medialis, and nucleus caudatus. Both apomorphine and dopamine in doses used produced stimulatory effects. The effect of apomorphine did not appear after pretreatment with haloperidol (2 or 24 hr, 1 mg/kg sc). This suggests the presence of dopamine receptors of stimulatory type in the dorsal part of rabbit hippocampus. The data confirm the prolonged action of haloperidol.


An attempt to correlate the development of tolerance to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and d-amphetamine with their subcellular distribution in rat brain. The daily application in rats of d-amphetamine during 4 weeks in increasing doses from 16-80 mg/kg/day developed a tolerance. The quantitative evaluation of the relative accumulation of unchanged d-amphetamine in different subcellular brain fractions estimated with 3H labelled d-amphetamine showed that the development of tolerance to amphetamine is not associated with a decreased accumulation of the unchanged drug in any subcellular fraction of the brain. Synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was injected (10 mg/kg) to rats twice daily. After the 9th injection the intensity of the initial depressant effect was approximately similar to that after one injection but completely disappeared after 3 hrs of treatment. The specific activities of delta-9-THC and its metabolites in brain subcellular fractions were estimated with use of 3H-delta-9-THC. The tolerance to delta-9-THC in contrast to amphetamine seems to be mainly metabolic.


Effects of stimulation of raphe nuclei on ponto-geniculo-occipital syndrome evoked by reserpine in cats. Stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the cat caused inhibition of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves induced by reserpine. Electrical stimuli with frequency of 10/sec. caused stronger effect than low-frequency impulses. The results indicate the PGO generating mechanisms (related probably with noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus is suppressed by raphe nuclei.


Effects of inhibitors of the catecholamine synthesis on motor activity in the rat during light and darkness. Under controlled conditions of light and darkness (12:12 hrs) the influence of inhibitors of the tyrosine-hydroxylase (alpha-MT) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (FLA 63) on motor activity were investigated in male Wistar rats at different times of the day. Simultaneously, turnover experiments of the cerebral noradrenaline and dopamine were performed, which revealed diurnal variations within 24 hrs of a day. Both inhibitors showed clear-cut chronopharmacological differences in influencing motor activity, and a phase shift between the darkness-induced increase in motor activity and the maximum turnover rate of the cerebral dopamine was observed.


Effects of lesions of monoaminergic system in the brain on the hypotensive effects of clonidine in rats. Bilateral lesions of the locus coeruleus markedly reduced hypotensive effects of clonidine in rats. Lesions shifted laterally did not evoke any significant change of the hypotensive effects of clonidine or bradycardia induced by it. Lesions of the ventral and dorsal noradrenergic tract at the midbrain level and lesions of the midbrain raphe area failed to change hypotensive response to clonidine.


Studies on the central activity of kinins. The influence of bradykinin and kallikrein on the levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) as well as the influence of bradykinin on the levels of normetanephrine, homovanillic (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids were investigated in different parts of the brain (cerebellum, corpus striatum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and midbrain). Kinins decrease the levels of NA and DA and their metabolites, and increase the level of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, expecially in corpus striatum and hypothalamus. The results of these investigations correlate with previously reported behavioural effects of kinins.


Antidepressant blood levels in acute overdose. Plasma antidepressant levels and clinical condition were measured sequentially for at least 24 hr in eight patients who presented with acute antidepressant overdosage. There was no evidence to suggest that a knowledge of the drug plasma levels had anything to offer in the management of a patient whose overdose included a tricyclic antidepressant.


Observations on the treatment of dissection of the aorta. The results are presented of treatment in twenty-three patients with dissection of the thoracic aorta, in four of whom it was acute (less than 14 days' duration), and in nineteen chronic (more than 14 days' duration). Sixteen patients had Type I and II dissection (involving the ascending aorta) and five Type III  (descending aorta at or distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery); in two, dissection complicated coarctation of the aorta in the usual site. Thirteen patients had aortic regurgitation. Three of the patients with acute dissection were treated medically; two, both with Type I dissection, died, and the third, with Type III, survived. The remaining acute patient was treated surgically and also died. Of the patients with chronic dissection, eight were treated medically and eleven surgically. None of the medical group died in hospital; three died between 3 months and 1 year, and five have survived from periods of 12-72 months. Eleven patients with chronic dissection were treated surgically; four died in hospital at or shortly after operation; and the remaining seven lived for periods of 12-84 months. The presentation, indications for surgical treatment and results are discussed. It is concluded that surgical treatment of chronic dissection may carry a higher initial mortality than medical, but that there may be slightly better overall long term results in the former. As this series was not selected randomly, because patients with complications were selected for surgery, and there are only a few patients in each group, the results do not permit firm conclusion regarding the relative merits of medical and surgical treatment. It is suggested that all patients should initially be treated medically but that surgical treatment should be considered if the dissection continues, if aortic regurgitation is severe, if an aneurysm develops or enlarges, if cardiac tamponade develops or there is evidence of progressive involvement of the branches of the aorta. Attention is drawn to the important syndrome of chronic dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta with severe aortic regurgitation which requires definitive surgical treatment and aortic valve replacement. The importance of adequate visualization of the origin and extent of the dissection as a preliminary to surgical treatment is stressed.


A blood pressure clinic in a health centre. Following a screening survey for hypertension in Renfrew, a blood pressure clinic was established in a health centre. Three hospital doctors, each working an average of two sessions weekly, saw 368 patients. A specially trained nurse played an important part in the running of the clinic. Attendance of patients was high, and defaulting amongst those needing treatment was low. Blood pressures were well controlled in 75% of the patients. The clinic has proved an acceptable method of managing large numbers of hypertensives without reference to hospital.


Scleritis and temporal arteritis.

Scleritis and temporal arteritis. Thirty consecutive patients with severe scleritis or episcleritis were  admitted as in-patients to the Medical Ophthalmology Unit and assessed for systemic disease. There were seventeen women and thirteen men. The mean age was 53 with a median of 57 (range 23-83). Eighteen of the patients had scleritis: eleven of these had evidence of connective tissue disease and three of them had temporal arteritis. Twelve patients had episcleritis: six of them had a collagen disease and one of them developed temporal arteritis. This high incidence of temporal arteritis in association with scleritis has not been previously reported. It is important to diagnose and treat overt temporal arteritis early with parenteral steroids so that ischaemic papillopathy can be avoided. A higher incidence of collagen diseases than previously described is reported in episcleritis. It is thought that this is secondary to selection since patients with the usual self-limiting episcleritis are not normally referred for further in-patient investigation. In no patient was more than one significant diagnosis made. There was no significant medical illness in only 11% of patients with scleritis and 33% of patients with episcleritis. The majority of the non-collagen diseases (e.g. hypertension) were not previously recognized. In none of the patients with temporal arteritis was the diagnosis made before admission. It is concluded that full examination and investigation for underlying disease is indicated in both scleritis and severe episcleritis.


The results of 100 small tissue biopsies of testis in male infertile patients. The value of testicular biopsy in male infertility has recently been emphasized by Meinhard, McRae and Chisholm (1973), and the present authors agree with them that a biopsy is essential for the following reasons: (1) to establish a firm diagnosis; (2) to rationalize therapy on the basis of histological findings; (3) new developments in drug therapy and electronmicroscopic techniques will help to clarify many areas of doubt and uncertainty in this difficult field; (4) the diagnosis of 'sloughing' by itself may mask changes in germinal cell development which may be amenable to hormone therapy.


Calculus disease of the urinary tract at a district hospital. At a District General Hospital the organization of a clinic for the investigation and treatment of patients with calculus disease of the urinary tract is described. The way in which such a clinic may be orgainzed is discussed and the results presented. In patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, sodium cellulose phosphate causes a significant reduction in urinary calcium levels when used in such a clinic.


Penetration of digoxin into cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration of digoxin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ten patients receiving conventional oral doses of this cardiac glycoside has been measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. Digoxin was undetected in eight patients and barely detectable in two, suggesting the presence of a significant blood-CSF barrier for digoxin. The implication of these findings is discussed.


Influence of kinins on amphetamine activity. Bradykinin (2 mug ivc) or kallikrein (40 U/kg) inhibited the stimulatory psychomotoric action of a low (0.5 mg/kg) dose of amphetamine, and potentiated the action of a high (2 mg/kg) dose of the drug. A treatment with bradykinin and the low dose of amphetamine reduced the noradrenaline and enhanced the serotonin level in the striatum, and lowered the dopamine content in the cortex, while a combined treatment with the high dose of amphetamine elevated the dopamine level in the striatum and hypothalamus and depressed the serotonin level in the midbrain.


The empty sella syndrome.

The empty sella syndrome. The empty sella syndrome (ESS) presents a varied clinical and radiographic picture. It may remain asymptomatic or may stimulate an intrasellar growth thereby causing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. An air encephalogram (AEG) is required for diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical and radiological features of the ESS and to discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms involved.


Drug-induced hyponatraemia in psychogenic polydipsia. Two patients with psychogenic polydipsia developed hyponatraemia, one in association with administration of hydrochlorothiazide and the other with that of tolbutamide. It is suggested that the increased fluid intake in such patients may make them more susceptible to the development of hyponatraemia from thiazide or sulphonylurea compounds.


Hereditary nephritis (with unusual renal histology): report of a first case from the West Indies. A 21-year-old Grenadian girl undergoing investigation in Trinidad for anaemia was diagnosed as a case of hereditary nephritis. She had the clinical features of a nephropathy, nerve deafness and an ocular defect. Renal histology was exceptional in that in addition to the typical findings of a hereditary nephritis, cystic areas generally associated with medullary cystic disease were noted. Several members of the patient's maternal family were afflicted with either deafness visual distrubances or renal disease.


Abetalipoproteinaemia. A case report with pathological studies. The clinical and pathological features of a case of abetalipoproteinaemia in a 38-year-old patient are described in detail. A feature not previously recorded was a marked reduction in the velocity of ocular horizontal saccadic movements. Pathological studies revealed an active chronic demyelinating process. The patient showed no response to large doses of vitamin E. The rationale for this therapy, and the possible reasons for its failure are discussed.


Obstructive cholecystitis due to metastatic melanoma. A patient with isolated metastases from cutaneous melanoma to the gall-bladder is reported. The patient presented clinically with obstructive cholecystitis. The course of melanoma is unpredictable and the possibility that an apparently unassociated condition is due to metastases should always be considered. Isolated metastases may respond well to radical surgery and reward the surgeon's efforts.


The influence of angiotensin on central effect of acetylcholine in rats. The influence of angiotensin on the central action of acetylcholine was studied in rats. It was shown that the action of acetylcholine was enhanced in animals treated simultaneously with angiotensin. Above phenomena were accompanied with the increase of "free" and "bound" acetylcholine in the brain of angiotensin treated rats. These observations indicate an interaction between angiotensin and acetylcholine in the CNS.


Familial anglo-oedema--a particularly severe form. A case of hereditary angio-oedema is described together with the family history and manifestations in the father of the patient. The problems encountered in his management are discussed, including tracheostomy and genetic counselling.


Influence of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) on the central action of acetylcholine. Depressive behavioral effects of acetylcholine (10 mug ivtr) and physostigmine (0.3 mg/kg ip), and prolongation of the duration of electrogenic seizures produced by the drugs were prevented by intraperitoneal or intraventricular administration of FDP (0.5 mg/kg or 5 mug resp.). The peptides did not affect the brain acetylcholine level and did not influence the inhibitory effect of physostygmine on AChE activity.


The Oxford continuous blood-pressure recorder--technical and clinical evaluation.


Studies in a hypertensive population.

Studies in a hypertensive population.


Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis. Two cases of spontaneous rupture of the spleen as a complication of infectious mononucleosis are reported. The literature is briefly reviewed and emphasis placed on the need for awareness of this rare complication.


Electrocardiography: technical aspects. Introductory remarks.


Methods for tape analysis (I).

Methods for tape analysis (I).


Median nerve palsy--a complication of brachial artery cannulation.


Does coronary surgery prolong life in comparison with medical management? This analysis attempts to utilize natural history controls to answer the question as to whether coronary surgery prolongs life in comparison to medical management. Selected natural history studies are compared and contrasted in an effort to obtain an average survival curve for patients with coronary artery disease comparable to those presently being operated. The Duke University Medical Center series of concurrent operated and non-operated patients is reviewed to demonstrate the difference of prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease and the complexities involved in answering the question. It is concluded that, on average, coronary surgery does not prolong life in comparison to medical management over the span of 2-5 years. There may be certain higher risk patients whose lives may be prolonged by aortocoronary bypass surgery but more patients and more prolonged follow-up are needed fully to answer the question.


Long-term recording of activity patterns.


Monitoring of electrocardiogram and blood pressure in the intensive care unit with portable instruments.


The value of ambulatory monitoring in borderline and established hypertension.


The use of 24 hour blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis and management of difficult hypertensive problems.


The over-shoot phenomenon on withdrawal of clonidine therapy.


Phaechromocytoma with unilateral renal artery stenosis.


Ambulatory monitoring--applications in orthopaedics.


The analysis of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity.


Long-term recording of the electrocardiogram in a normal population.


Idiopathic cervical and retroperitoneal fibrosis: report of a case treated with steroids. Retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 12-year-old boy is reported. This was associated with a fibrotic mass in the neck which resolved spontaneously. Right-sided ureteric obstruction responded to treatment with steroids.


Methods for tape analysis (II).

Methods for tape analysis (II).


Analysis of heart rate in physiological and clinical studies.


The R-R interval histogram.

The R-R interval histogram.


An analysis of the use of active electrodes in electroencephalogram ambulatory monitoring.


Clinical application of Holter continuous electrocardiography.


Ambulatory monitoring in the late post-myocardial infarction period.


Electroencephalogram monitoring of ambulatory epileptic patients.


Measurement of physiological variables in men at work.


Factors determining the design and construction of a portable pressure transducer system.


Electroencephalogram recording of sleep in the home.


The early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the nose, pharynx and larynx.


The stuffy nose.

The stuffy nose.


Hard of hearing.

Hard of hearing.


Abnormalities of smell and taste.

Abnormalities of smell and taste.


Rhino-sinusitis and midfacial pain in adolescents.


The physiological basis and practical value of head exercises in the treatment of vertigo.


Severe haemolysis and unilateral sensorineural deafness in infectious mononucleosis.


The prevalence of anaemia in the over-65s in a rural practice.


Severe pyrexial illness caused by middle ear disease.


The psychosexual clinic.

The psychosexual clinic.


Forensic problems in practice. XII. Injuries from fire-arms and explosives.


Intracerebral haematoma with communicating hydrocephalus in a neonate.


Myasthenia Gravis.

Myasthenia Gravis.


Epidermolysis bullosa dystorphica and systemic lupus erythematosus.


Project selection in the pharmaceutical industry.


Tuberculous ulceration of the penis.

Tuberculous ulceration of the penis.


Comparison of iris clip lens. Results with plain intracapsular extraction.


Ocular malignant diseases.

Ocular malignant diseases.


Cystoid macular oedema.

Cystoid macular oedema.


Anterior chamber implants with the Ridley tripod lens.


The fitting of continuous wear soft contact lenses at the time of cataract surgery.


The problem of the class iii malocclusion. The etiology and treatment of Class III malocclusion has been discussed. The value of electromyographic assessment in the assessment and prediction of Class III malocclusion has been shown.


Bone disease in the elderly.

Bone disease in the elderly.


An epidemiological approach to the monitoring of hospital waiting list statistics.


A cohort study of mortality in relation to lung function.


Rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis and pseudolymphoma.


Surgical treatment of ageing joints.

Surgical treatment of ageing joints.


The problems of diagnosis of arthritis in the elderly.


The management of osteoporosis.

The management of osteoporosis.


Congenital abnormality of inferior vena cava, infectious mononucleosis and aneurysm of common carotid artery.


Coeliac disease with Hodgkin's lymphoma.


Meningococcal septicaemia.

Meningococcal septicaemia.


Medical disease and the anaesthetist.

Medical disease and the anaesthetist.


A perspective of oral cancer.

A perspective of oral cancer.


The effect of truncal vagotomy on lower esophageal sphincter pressure and response to cholinergic stimulation.


Calcitonin, serotonin and parafollicular cell granules during the hibernation activity cycle in the bat.


Intrarectal infection of guinea pigs with the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.


Effects of promethazine hydrochloride on the metabolism of rabbit alveolar macrophages.


Tensile properties of tendon in copper-deficient swine.


Levels and significance of erythrocyte purine enzymes in hyperuricemia.


Decreased E-rosette formation following streptolysin-O treatment.


Effects of bradykinin on rat lymphocytes.


The interrelation of fluoride and iron in anemia.


Canine cyclic hematopoiesis: platelet size and thrombopoietin level in relation to platelet count.


Long-term persistence of antibody following Enders' original and More attenuated live measles virus vaccine.


Effect of timolol on hydralazine-induced increase in plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.


Early change of specific activity of plasma and red blood cell cholesterol following intravenous administration of [4(-4)C] cholesterol in man.


Effects of fructose and other dietary carbohydrates on plasma glucose, insulin and lipids in genetically obese (Ob/Ob) mice.


Appearance of inorganic pyrophosphatase during growth of Streptococcus mutans cells.


Adipocyte size distribution in ob/ob mice during preobese and obese phases of development.


Effects of chlorothiazide on glucose utilization, glycogen content, and lactic acid production of aorta.


Canine pituitary prolactin: isolation and partial characterization.


Spiculated erythrocytes of cholesterol-fed guinea pigs: changes of morphology, composition, and osmotic fragility.


Effects of corticosterone treatment on puberty in female rats. The effects of corticosterone excess on the regulation of the onset of puberty in rats was studied.  Beginning at 22 days of age, corticosterone was made available ad libitum in drinking water in various doses.  16 mcg of corticosterone/ml of 4% ethanol in tap water did not delay the onset of puberty, but did inhibit the normal corticosterone peak observed at 1600 hours.  24 mcg also suppressed the corticosterone peak and delayed ovulation, but did not affect vaginal opening.  At these 2 doses, growth rates were not affected.  Doses of 160 and 240 mcg delayed both vaginal opening and ovulation, produced high blood levels of corticosterone at 0800 and 2300 hours, and suppressed the corticosterone peak at 1600 hours.  Body growth was also markedly retarded.  The results suggest that a normal adrenal rhythm is not necessary for the onset of puberty.


Alterations in thyroidal calcitonin content of rats fed diets of varying Ca:P ratios.


Tropic effect of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin on pancreatic acinar cells from rats of different ages.


Enhanced effect of cyclophosphamide on Burkitt lymphoma cell lines in vivo.


Effects of angiotensin on drinking.

Effects of angiotensin on drinking. A series of four experiments was carried out to assess the effects of angiotensin II on drinking elicited by various types of stimulation. Experimental I examined the effects of the interaction of 2 cc/kg of 5% NaCl plus 0.2 mg/kg angiotensin II on ad lib eating and drinking. Results indicate that NaCl plus angiotensin produced an additive enhancement in water consumption. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the effects of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg/kg of angiotensin II on drinking and eating in 23 hr water deprived animals. Dose related increases in drinking alone were observed. In Experiment 3 the effects of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg/kg of angiotensin II on schedule dependent lever pressing and schedule induced drinking and licking were determined. Results demonstrate that angiotensin II decreased lever pressing and increased schedule induced water consumption without a concomitant increase in licking. Experimental 4 examined the effects of the same doses of angiotensin II on prandal drinking in food deprived animals. Under these conditions angiotensin II increased water consumption. Results were discussed in terms of the differential effects of angiotensin II on drinking, eating, and schedule dependent lever pressing.


Does the rat with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus have impaired avoidance learning and/or performance? Avoidance learning and extinction of rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) were studied in 2 experiments that differed only in shock intensity. In both experiments rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus were more deficient in both escape and avoidance responding than were their heterozygous or normal controls. Although the hterozygous animals showed improved escape performance at the higher shock intensity, their avoidance behavior was not improved. The superiority of normal and heterozygous animals in extinction performance, relative to the homozygous animals, was eliminated or reversed when the differences in terminal acquisition performance were taken into account by analyses of covariance. Deficiency of ADH, therefore, may not result in faster extinction of avoidance behavior.


Effects of alpha-MSH on motivation, vigilance and brain respiration. In a series of experiments designed to assess the effects of alpha-MSH on various motivational processes, it was observed that the hormone can slightly decrease food intake and increase water consumption during the first hr after administration in rats. alpha-MSH also modified avoidance behavior in 1- and 3-day-old chicks, but there were no reliable effects on activity, distress vocalizations and the tonic immobility response. alpha-MSH appeared to modulate the sleep-waking activity of rats, and the most prominent effect was an increase of slow wave sleep during the 2-3 rd hr after treatment. A possible second effect was a homogenization of sleep patterns--with poor sleepers exhibiting increases of activated sleep and good sleepers a reduction. Measurement of in vitro brain oxygen consumption indicated that mice treated with alpha-MSH exhibit an 18% reduction in respiration of the brain stem section which includes the locus coeruleus, but did not reliably change respiration in forebrain cortices. alpha-MSH also produced a modest 14% increase of plasma glucose. These results are discussed in terms of possible modulation by alpha-MSH of activity in central autonomic cell groups such as the locus coeruleus.


Tissue digoxin concentrations at digoxin intoxication in normal, acutely hypokalemic, and acutely hyperglycemic dogs. Thirty intact dogs were studied to determine digoxin concentration in various tissues after ventricular tachycardia had been induced by digoxin infusion. A control group was infused solely with digoxin. A second group was made acutely hypokalemic by glucose-insulin infusion before the digoxin infusion. A third group was infused with glucose and digoxin to determine the effect of increased blood glucose levels and osmalarity on the induction of ventricular tachycardia. Results were: (1) The amount of digoxin infused to produce ventricular tachycardia did not differ getween the normal and hypokalemic groups. (2) The concentration of digoxin in various parts of the heart, other muscle tissue, renal cortex, and liver did not differ between the normal and acutely hypokalemic dogs although the amount excreted in bile and urine was reduced in hypokalemia. (3) Acute hypokalemia did not sensitize the myocardium to the arrhythmogenic effects of digoxin. (4) Ventricular tachcardia occurred at a similar plasma digoxin level in normal and acutely hypokalemic dogs. (5) In dogs with a lowered plasma potassium level, junctional tachycardia occurred whereas it did not occur in normal dogs or those with only a high blood glucose level. (6) Ventricular tachycardia occurred in the hyperglycemic dogs at a plasma digoxin level of 170 ng/ml, which was significantly greater than in the other experiments (7) Acute hyperglycemia reduced the mean rate of myocaridal uptake of digoxin into atria and right and left ventricular tissue; and the concentration of digoxin in atria, left ventricle, and interventricular septum was lower at the time of ventricular tachycardia than occurred in normal dogs. (8) Lowering the plasma potassium level in the presence of acute hyperglycemia, which occurred with the glucose-insulin infusion, did increase the myocardial uptake of digoxin. Similar effects of hyperglycemia were noted on mean hepatic uptake and excretion of digoxin and also the renal uptake of the glycoside.


Binding of an opiate, levorphanol, to intact neuroblastoma cells in continuous culture. Mouse neuroblastoma cells in continuous culture, incubated for 1 to 2 days in the presence of 10--6 M levorphanol or morphine, were found to become tolerant to and dependent on those biologically active opiates. Examination of the interaction between levorphanol and the whole neuroblastoma cell suggested that levorphanol was binding to stereospecific opiate receptor sites. This binding was time and temperature dependent, and saturable at concentrations greater than 10--5 M levorphanol. Competition by other opiates for levorphanol sites correlated with their biological activity. This is the first evidence for saturable, stereospecific opiate binding in a homogeneous population of unhybridized cells in continuous culture.


On the Comorosan effect.

On the Comorosan effect. A possible explanation for the necessary and sufficient irradiation to produce the controversial Comorosan effect is discussed. Using a modified quantum theory requiring a definition of the relation of four parameters of a light signal instead of the usual two, the lack of superposition of irradiating sources is accounted for as well as the ineffectiveness of all parts of the total visible spectrum. The most effective average wavelength for obtaining the effect is unique merely because of the appropriateness of the bandwidth of the filter. Changing the filter bandwidth in a way related to a change in the average wavelength should produce the effect at other average wavelengths. The storage of energy within the irradiated substance is considered to be due to either a resonance effect with photon annihilation or a Raman effect with photon scattering.


Antineoplastons: biochemical defense against cancer.


The relaxation times of water protons and division rate in human breast cancer cells: a possible relationship to survival.


The effect of small quantities of phospholipase C on ionic and protein permeabilities of red cell membranes.


Effects of nasal ZnSO4 irrigation and olfactory bulbectomy on rat pups.


Different intensities of unsignalled inescapable shock treatments as determinants of non-shock-motivated open field behavior: a resolution of disparate results.


Energetics of meal patterns in rats.

Energetics of meal patterns in rats.


A preprandial intake pattern in weanling rats ingesting a high fat diet.


Feeding response to regulatory challenges after 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the brain noradrenergic pathways.


Psychophysiological correlates of tonic immobility in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus).


Suppression of cricket killing and eating in laboratory mice following lithium chloride injections.


Performance of an instrumental response under conditions of varying cutaneous afferent activity levels.


Mating in male rabbits after anesthesia of the glans penis.


Some problems on the estimation of water intake by a drinkometer.


Dietary obesity in adult rats: similarities to hypothalamic and human obesity syndromes.


Preoptic hypernatremic syndrome and the regulation of water balance in the rat.


Septal lesions and aversive nonreward.

Septal lesions and aversive nonreward.


The reinforcing effects of vagal stimulation on classically conditioned heart rate in rats.


Anatomical and behavioral mapping of rhythmic slow wave activity in rat hippocampus.


Taste of dipeptides.

Taste of dipeptides.


Schedule-induced drinking and reinforcement omission.


Cholecystokinin-induced satiety in weanling rats.


Castration and amphetamine effects on acquisition of a Sidman avoidance task in rats.


Sex differences in circadian wheel running rhythms in the Mongolian gerbil.


Effects of water deprivation and prior LiCl exposure in conditioning taste aversions.


Testosterone and fear behavior in male chicks.


Cortical spreading depression: a case of state dependent learning.


Penile deafferentation and the effect of mating experience on sexual motivation in adult male rats.


The ingestion of food and the recovery of body weight following fasting in the naive rat.


Partitioning of behavioral arousal.

Partitioning of behavioral arousal.


Individual differences in the response to androgen in male rabbits.


Relationship between obesity, weight loss, and taste responsiveness.


Time-dependent fornix influence on increased light aversion induced by septal lesions.


Unit responses in hypothalamus and mesencephalic reticular formation to acoustic stimuli and electrical stimulation of ipsi- and contralateral amygdala.


Recovery of cortical responses following localized cooling in the thalamus.


Alternation behavior of cats with medial visual cortex ablation.


VMH lesions and reactivity to electric footshock in the rat: the effect of early testosterone level.


Plasma hyperosmolality at the onset of drinking during starvation induced hypovolemia.


Effect of medial archistriatal lesions on the conditioned emotional response and on auditory discrimination performance of the pigeon.


Effects of anesthetic injected into brainstem sites on body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation.


Influence of a monotonous food on body weight regulation in humans.


Pituitary-adrenal activity under different appetitive extinction procedures.


A quantitative study on interocular transfer in the rabbit.


A device for increasing the amplitude of the pulse pressure of cerebrospinal fluid.


A simple inexpensive device for rapidly insulating subcortical electrodes.


Cerebral pulsation and single unit recording in the guinea pig's visual cortex.


Technical eclecticism and open-case consultation: a psychotherapeutic training model.


Psychophysiological changes in feeling therapy.


Psychology of scientist: XXXIV. MMPI characteristics of physical and social science students: replication and reanalysis.


Relationship between moral development test scores of juvenile delinquents and their inclusion in a moral dilemma discussion group.


Self-actualization, neuroticism, and extraversion revisited.


Locus of control, anxiety, and cognitive functioning.


Countercontrol in hypnotic control groups.


Conceited talk: a test of hypotheses.

Conceited talk: a test of hypotheses.


Nonverbal communication and the judgment of leadership.


An initial investigation into the parameters of overcorrection.


Behavior and traditional therapy applied to pedophiliac exhibitionism: a case study.


Maintenance of psychophysiological changes in feeling therapy.


Comments on criminal offenders and the WAIS picture arrangement "hold-up" item.


Alternate forms for global self-concept and an achievement-related subscale using the Brownfain self-rating inventory.


Alcohol, field dependence, and dyadic self-disclosure.


Relationship between paranoid tendencies and projective behavior.


Use of a cross-over design in testing short-term methylphenidate effects on avoidance conditioning.


Educational orientations of faculty: assessing a personality model of the academic professions.


Distractibility, intensity of reaction, and non-nutritive sucking.


Characteristics of current social stressors.


Methodological issues in relating, psychiatric symptoms to social stressors.


Prediction of attrition from a therapeutic community.


Overcontrolled hostility, empathy, and egocentric balance in violent and nonviolent psychiatric offenders.


Personality and motivational factors on an intentional-incidental learning task.


Mind-body revisited: every 28 days.

Mind-body revisited: every 28 days.


Worry and emotionality components of test anxiety in different sex and age groups of elementary school children.


Effects of alcohol on specific and environmental fear.


Selective interference during the retrieval of visual images.


Interference in colour-contingent motion after-effects.


Delayed one-trial extinction of the McCollough effect.


Two parameters measure apparent change during repetitive stimulation.


The retrieval hypothesis as an explanation of induced retrograde amnesia.


Hemispheric differences in processing visual patterns.


Conformational theory applied to polysaccharide structure.


Nuclear energy: health impact of carbon-14. Estimates are presented on the carbon-14 generation rates in several reactor types and in peaceful nuclear explosions. If the carbon-14 generated in light water reactors is released, the population radiation dose rate it causes initially will be comparable to that resulting from the krypton-85 and tritium generated in these reactors. Because of the long half-life, the radiation dose commitment and the dose rate resulting from the environmental build-up of carbon-14 are considerably larger than those of the two other radionuclides.


Kinetics of channel gating in excitable membranes.


Leukemia and the reducing property of viruses. Investigations of native blood of healthy people and of patients with acute leukemia have shown that the disease might be caused by a strongly reducing substance, which is presumably a virus. Evidence for this conclusion was obtained mainly by electron spin resonance (ESR) studies and by the determination of the catalase activity. ESR spectra of leukemic blood revealed an additional signal not present in spectra of healthy blood. Investigation of different blood fractions has shown that this signal is caused by a species present in the leukocytes only. Addition of reduced glutathione to healthy blood immediately after blood drawing resulted in the same signal. On the contrary, oxidizing substances, such as oxidized glutathione and KMnO4, added to the blood of leukemic patients immediately after its drawing, caused a disappearance of this signal depending on the concentration. Since the strongly reducing substances causes a reduction in the concentration of the oxidizing substances in biological systems, the H2O2 levels should be also affected and, thus, the catalase activity, too. As expected, the activity of this enzyme in the leukemic blood seems to be considerably lower than in healthy blood.


Comparison of X-ray and gamma-ray dose-response curves for pink somatic mutations in Tradescantia clone 02. Microdosimetric data indicate that the mean specific energy, eta, produced by individual charged particles from X-rays and gamma rays is different for the two radiation qualities by nearly a factor of two. In order to test whether this influences the initial, linear component in the dose-effect relations, a comparison was made between dose-response curves for pink somatic mutations in Tradescantia clone 02 stamen hairs following X and gamma irradiations. Absorbed doses ranged from 2.66 to 300 rad.The results are in agreement with predictions made on the basis of microdosimetric data. At low doses gamma rays are substantially less effective than X-rays. The RBE of gamma rays vs. X-rays at low doses was approximately 0.6, a value lower than those usually reported in other experimental systems.


Molecular neuropathology.

Molecular neuropathology.


Neurosecretion -- comparative and evolutionary aspects.


Hormones and brain development.

Hormones and brain development.


Vasopressin and memory consolidation.

Vasopressin and memory consolidation.


Real neural networks.

Real neural networks.


The nerve growth factor: its role in growth, differentiation and function of the sympathetic adrenergic neuron.


Neuronal circuitry and its development.

Neuronal circuitry and its development.


Models of neuronal populations: the basic mechanisms of rhythmicity.


A glance at some problems facing brain research today.


Organization of spontaneous electrical activity in the neocortex.


Plasticity in the adult mammalian central nervous system.


Are invertebrate nervous systems good models for the functional organization of the brain?


EEG and behavior.

EEG and behavior.


On drive, conflict and instinct, and the functional organization of behavior.


The brain as a functional entity.

The brain as a functional entity.


Tissue fractionation methods in brain research.


A unifying approach to mind and brain: ten year perspective.


The nature of consciousness: some persistent conceptual difficulties and a practical suggestion.


Functional biochemistry of neurons and glial cells.


Plastic changes of neurons during acquisition of new behavior as a problem of protein differentiation.


Industrial research in the quest for new medicines.


Changing influences on goals and incentives in drug research and development.


Problems of medical practice and of medical- pharmaceutical research.


Lethal effect of the serotonin-xylocaineR association in ganglion-blocked rats. In rats anestetized with urethane and under ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium (20 mg/kg, i.v.), the i.v. injection of serotonin (60 mug/kg) determined apnea, ECG alterations and a brief hypotensive response which is similar to that as elicited when 5-HT is given to intact rats. During the hypertension which follows that initial response, apnea is still present along with more severe ECG changes. After that, blood pressure falls into a prolonged hypotension, which is invariably accompanied by death. Neither norepinephrine, nor respiratory analeptics (CoramineR, RemeflinF) were able to prevent the fatal outcome. Only artificial respiration was found to be useful in some instances. It was concluded that the association serotonin plus lidocaine becomes lethal when given to ganglion-blocked rate, and this toxic effect can be ascribed mainly to the respiratory depressor activity of the drugs.


Hepatitis-B antigen in an isolated Indian population (Yanomama indians) Southern Venezuela. A high frequency of Hepatitis-B antigen (7%) was found in apparently healthy Yanomama indians living in southern Venezuela. The prevalence in 24 different Yanomama villages varied between 0 and 30%, but only 3 of 938 serum samples showed presence of HB-Ab. The distribution of the HB-Ag was found to be significantly higher in males than in females.


Aspects of mitochondrial activity in the estuarine bivalves Crassostrea rhizophorae and Lucina pectinatus: a comparative approach. In identical laboratory conditions, some differences in the endogenous relative activity (mul O2/mg protein/ml/h) were determined by the addition of succinate and alpha-keto-glutarate to the mitochondrial-rich-fraction from heart and both parts of the adductor muscle in oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and from heart and adductor muscle in clams (Lucina pectinatus).


Detection of haemoglobin D Punjab in patient with Sydenham's chorea. In the present report the authors identified a rare haemoglobin, Hb D Punjab, in association with Sydenham's Chorea. They emphasize the importance of characterizing unusual haemoglobins by peptide mapping, particularly when the electrophoretic pattern shows the characteristics of known haemoglobins and when associated with pathologic states.


The defect in pulmonary gas transfer in patients with sickle cell disease. Nine patients with sickle cell disease and without concomitant cardiopulmonary illness or acute problems were studied with lung function tests. Besides arterial hemoglobin unsaturation, found in all cases so studied, a slight decrease in PaO2 was also present. The pulmonary gas transfer defect was studied and found to be due mostly to increased right to left shunting, although uneven ventilation/perfusion relationships seem to have been a factor in a few cases. Our data clearly show that the diffusion was not implicated in the gas transfer defect. The clinical implications of this little studied and less mentioned respiratory defect are discussed. Since the defect may enhance the risk of sickling crises, it should be measured in each individual patient, for appropriate prophylactic measures. After accidents, pre and post-operatively and during acute respiratory illness, the defect should be again reevaluated. In all probability many patients will be discovered who represent a respiratory risk, and may require special immunizations, prophylactic antibiotics, professional relocation and, during emergencies, intensive respiratory care.


The classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.


The magnitude of the breast cancer problem.


Giant-cell tumor and chondrosarcomas: grading, treatment and results (studies of 209 and 131 cases). The Author reviews 209 cases of giant-cell tumor (follow-up 3-42 years in 130 cases) and 131 chondrosarcomas (70 central, 50 peripheral, 11 periosteal; follow-up 10-32 years in 63 cases). Giant-cell tumors are graded into three radiographic types (calm, active, aggressive) and three histologic types (typical, aggressive, sarcoma). Chondrosarcomas were also graded into three radiographic and three histologic types (grades I, II, III). Incidence and mutual relationships of radiographic and histologic grades are presented. In recurrences it is possible to observe a progression of malignancy in giant-cell tumor and - more often - in chondrosarcomas. Results are related to the radiographic and histologic grading and to the type of treatment. Indications for treatment are given according to the experience gained from this study. The Author enumerates the surgical techniques he has found most suitable for the conservative treatment of these tumors when resection is indicated.


Surgical treatment of solitary bone cysts. A special method of subperiosteal segmental resection is described as an operative treatment for solitary bone cysts in long bones. This procedure exploits the high osteogenetic potency of the periosteum in adolescence. An autogenous or homologous fibula bone graft locked between the ends of the cyst serves to maintain the length of the bone fragments and acts as a guiding rod for continued subperiosteal new bone formation. There is full reconstruction of bone stability and function at both the cyst region and the donor region (fibula).


Laboratory models of minimal residual cancer; development and preliminary immunotherapy studies. It is the author's contention that if we wish to investigate immunotherapy for cancer in laboratory models, the model must reproduce or at least mimic the biological conditions which are encountered in clinical oncologic practice. The usual experimental animal tumor systems do not satisfy this requirement. They are usually studied as primary transplants of rapidly progressive tumors which kill in a few weeks, and experimental treatments are usually started within a day of two after implantation, before the tumor is detectable by ordinary methods of examination. In clinical oncology the existence of cancer is seldom suspected until it reaches a clinically detectable mass, and it is then treated by various established methods which, if not curative, at least reduce tumor mass temporarily before the tumor recurs locally or at distant sites. A cancer patient, therefore, has a rather prolonged exposure to his tumor and an opportunity to develop immune and other biological responses to it. Present animal models are therefore inadequate for immunotherapy research. This paper examines the prerequisites for more accetable experimental tumor models for immunotherapeutic research, describes a step-by-step investigation leading to the development of what to seems to be more appropriate models, and describes preliminary immunotherapy studies in one of the models, in which parabiosis is used as a means of transfering antitumor resistance to the "patients" from specificially immunized donors.


Genetic predisposition to breast cancer.


Steroid receptor proteins and regulation of growth in mammary tumors. The failure of the estrogen receptor test to predict unequivocally whether a breast cancer will respond to endocrine therapy has prompted us to re-examine the spectrum of responses that might be expected in a hormone-sensitive tissue. Three basic responses are recognized; initiation of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation; negative feedback; and autophagia. The expression of these responses may be partly or totally deficient in tumors. In some tumors, resistance to hormone may result from the lack of entry of hormone into the nucleus; in others the interaction of hormone with chromatin is probably abnormal Evidence is presented in support of the idea that the presence of steroid in the nucleus is strongly correlated to the presence of cytoplasmic receptor. The results also suggest that there is a strong link between the presence of steroid in the nucleus and the initiation of DNA synthesis. Finally the disappearance of nuclear receptor and the onset of autophagia seem to be related catabolic events.


Some thoughts concerning the primary therapy of breast cancer.


The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer. A wide variety of approaches are being applied to the therapy of breast cancer. Treatment begins with a biopsy followed by mastectomy to remove the primary tumor. The risk category must be determined and, at present, an axillary dissection appears to be required; in the future, tumor cell markers may replace the role of an axillary dissection in the determination of risk category (TORMEY et al., 1975). If the nodes are positive, adjuvant chemotherapy and possibly immunotherapy should be considered. A positive estrogen receptor assay suggests that patients may also benefit from endocrine treatments. If it is negative, the chances of responding to hormonotherapy are very limited, except, perhaps, for anti-estrogens (McGUIRE, et al., 1975). Adjuvant therapy for patients with negative nodes is not recommended at this time; this view may have to be modified as the results of current adjuvant studies become available. We have at hand the means to improve the cure rate of patients with breast cancer. We are getting better diagnostic methods and find more patients with negative nodes. We know more about the primary treatment and have systemic modalities that are effective in the adjuvant situation. The immediate problem is to learn how to put these treatments together, and this task has been undertaken by on-going clinical trials. We are anticipating the results with optimism.


The role of hormones in the modern treatment of advanced breast cancer.


The role of radiation therapy in the loco-regional treatment of breast cancer. After having briefly considered the role of irradiation in the loco-regional therapy of breast cancer, the role of irradiation as a treatment modality aimed at conserving the breast is emphasized. A total of 457 patients were treated either by tumorectomy plus irradiation by 60Co (101 cases) or by primary irradiation (356 cases) with a follow-up of over 5 years. The results are encouraging and similar to those obtained by more standard treatments, particularly by surgery. Among the patients cured, 2 out of 3 have kept their breast with a satisfactory esthetic quality. However, the author insists on the difficulties presented by the irradiation technique, on the necessity of a close cooperation between the surgeon and the radiotherapist, and on the importance of a regular and frequent clinical, mammographic, and thermographic follow-up.


Utilization of diagnostic techniques for cancer of the breast - early diagnosis. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is the only method with proven potential for lowering the death rate from the disease. Early diagnosis means, in a practical way, detection of preclinical cancer - finding the cancer before it would ordinarily be detected in the normal course of events. This involves mass screening of apparently well women.


Human breast cancer in culture.

Human breast cancer in culture.


The role of nonspecific immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.


Breast tumor modeling for prognosis and treatment.


Breath-to-breath variations of alveolar Po2 and Pco2 at barometric pressures of 490, 745 and 1500 Toor in resting awake dogs. Two awake, resting dogs born and raised at low altitude were studied, breathing air (1) at 745 torr, (2) during a 12 days sojourn at 490 torr in an altitude chamber, and (3) during 5 days sojourn at 1500 torr in a hyperbaric chamber. The respired gas was continuously sampled an end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 of sequences of thirty breaths were measured by fast analyzers. The mean value of alveolar PCO2 was 29 torr at high altitude; 35 torr at 745 torr; and 40 torr in hyperbary. The changes of PCO2 indicate different alveolar ventilations which result mainly from the changes of the chemoreceptor drive which is enhanced at high altitude and decreased in hyperbary. The scattering of PCO2 is about the same at the three pressures. The scattering of PO2 is less at high altitude than at sea level, and less at sea level than in hyperbary. On a PCO2 vs PO2 diagram end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 points form elliptical clouds whose mean slopes decrease with the increase of total pressure. The characteristics of the dispersion of the alveolar pressures and of the slopes of the alveolar clouds depend on several factors among which the relevant steepness (i.e. capacitance) of the O2 and CO2 blood abosrption curves at the three pressures presumably plays the major role.


Interaction of convection and diffusion in pulmonary gas transport. Normal human subjects inspired various volumes of a normoxic argon mixture containing low concentrations of several biologically inert tracer gases with markedly different diffusivities (helium, neon, and sulfur hexafluoride). The behavior of Ne, Ar, and SF6 could be predicted on the basis of axial dispersion due to differences in diffusivity. For example, neon, having the highest diffusivity of the three, was more uniformly distributed within the bronchial tree than either argon or SF6. The behavior of helium, however, was not consistent with predictions based solely on axial diffusion. Contrary to expectation, the early portion of expiration was helium enriched while gas assumed to come from the alveolar regions contained relatively less helium than the other gases. Results of this study suggest that radial diffusion during convective bulk flow may play a significant role in intrapulmonary gas transport if relative diffusivity is extremely large. We conclude that diffusion gradients do exist within the bronchial tree during normal quiet breathing and that these gradients become less significant as inspired volume increases.


Changes in the Breuer-Hering reflexes following rostral pontine lesion. The lung stretch reflex characteristics of unanesthetized decerebrate cats were determined using servo-controlled lung volume changes before and after bilateral lesion of the dorsolateral rostral pons in the region of nucleus parabrachialis medialis (NPBM). During the inspiratory phase the time-dependent threshold curve for inspiratory inhibition by lung inflation was shifted to larger volumes after lesion with no change in the constant describing its rate of decay. During the expiratory phase the gain of the inflation reflex was found to be increased by lesion, but otherwise to remain qualitatively the same. Deflations during the expiratory phase revealed a prolonged central inhibitory state with reduced rate of decay late in expiration. It is concluded that with intact vagi structures in the region of NPBM constitute but one of at least three sources of inspiratory inhibition, feedback derived from peripheral lung stretch receptors and from caudal pontine or medullary neurons also being involved. It is also concluded that the structures in the vicinity of NPBM affect the switching mechanisms differently during the two phases of the cycle: During inspiration they contribute a tonic threshold lowering input to the inspiratory "off-switch"; whereas, during expiration they provide inspiratory-facilitatory influences late in the phase.


Chemoreceptors in the paleopulmonic lung of the emu: discharge patterns during cyclic ventilation.


Study of intrapulmonary gas mixing in man by simultaneous wash-out of helium and sulfur hexafluoride.


A new Caloric Tester using ear canal balloon.


Population and family planning programs: a factbook.


[Jaundice in pregnancy].

[Jaundice in pregnancy].


Synovial-fluid pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen. A study was made of the plasma and synovial-fluid levels of ketoprofen after single oral doses of 50 mg and 100 mg given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The drug was rapidly absorbed and plasma levels were similar to those seen in healthy volunteers. The mean early plasma half-life of ketoprofen in both volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 1.5 to 2 hours. A cumulative effect of ketoprofen was evident in the synovial-fluid of the patients studied.


The uses and usefulness of electrically powered indoor wheelchairs.


Action of ketoprofen on hepatic lysosome in the rat. Evidence for the stabilizing effect of ketoprofen on the lysosomal membrane is presented. Ketoprofen was as potent as indomethacin in stabilizing lysosomes subjected to changes in osmotic pressure. This effect was more marked in rats with adjuvant arthritis than in normal animals.


Some pharmacological and toxicological studies on ketoprofen. Evidence for the effectiveness of ketoprofen in animal models of inflammation and its antipyretic effect is reviewed. Its toxicity in animals is discussed and the low tendency to produce ulcers is stressed.


A prospective study of 102 patients with the polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome.


Femoral-head height loss: a study of the relative significance of some of its determinants in hip degeneration.


Relationship between the inhibitory activity on 'RCS' and prostaglandins synthesis and the anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen and several other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. In this study ketoprofen has been shown to be the most potent of all anti-inflammatory drugs in inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and the 'rabbit-aorta contracting substance' (RCS), using the guinea-pig lung preparation. Although there did not appear to be a close relationship between the activities of the various drugs in inhibiting prostaglandins synthesis and in their anti-inflammatory activity, the compounds were ranked in the same order in both test systems.


Progressive destruction of the femoral head in association with familial hypercholesterolaemia.


Follow-up of hinge arthroplasty of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis.


BXL Plastazote: a useful aid in both treatment and rehabilitation.


Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint: complicated by fistula formation.


Rehabilitation of non-walkers in rheumatoid arthritis.


Interview surveys of handicapped people: the accuracy of statements about the underlying medical conditions.


Some observations on the ultrastructure of the sinus gland of the lobster, Palinurus polyphagus (Herbst).


Neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system of the prawn, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius).


Persistent left superior vena cava, significance in emergency cardiac pacing.


Surgery for ventricular aneurysm.

Surgery for ventricular aneurysm.


Mushroom poisoning: Colorado experience 1972-1975.


Osteoid osteoma: a rare occurrence in the carpal navicular.


Interactions between ricinus agglutinin and human IgA. By affinity chromatography on Sepharose columns containing insolubilized ricinus agglutinin, all immunoglobulins of the IgA2 subclass and the polymers of IgA1 were retained and could be eluted with lactose. Monomeric IgA1 showed a more heterogeneous reaction with ricinus agglutinin. The major part was unretarded, whereas some of it was weakly bound to the column and could be eluted with lactose.


Binding of IgA to protein-A-containing staphylococci: relationship to subclasses. Among 54 human monoclonal IgA proteins, 5 inhibited the binding of labeled human monoclonal IgM (IgM Se and IgM Ba) to protein-A-containing staphylococci, whereas 48 did not have this ability. One protein (IgA Ha) showed discordant findings in the IgM Se and IgM Ba inhibitions assays. Among the 54 IgA proteins, 49 were of the IgA1 and 5 of the IgA2 subclass. All of the 5 IgA2 proteins inhibited the binding of IgM Se and IgM Ba to staphylococci, whereas the 48 proteins that reacted negatively in the two inhibition assays belonged to the IgA1 subclass. These findings show that the ability to react with staphylococci is a property of the IgA2 subclass. IgM proteins may also be divided into two groups based on different reactivities with protein A. It is proposed to call the two IgM subclasses IgM1 and IgM2, where the latter is defined by ability to react with protein A.


Immune response in asymptomatic paraproteinemia. I. Primary and secondary antibody response to Helix pomatia hemocyanin. In a group of 20 patients with asymptomatic paraproteinemia, as judged after at least 3 years of follow-up, the primary and secondary antibody response to Helix pomatia hemocyanin (HPH) was defective as compared with the response in controls. The class of antibody was assessed by mercaptoethanol (ME) treatment of serum. A lowered response was found not only in the total but also in the ME-resistant (mainly 7S, IgG) antibody titer. Low anti-HPH antibody titers were preferentially found in the patients with high serum paraprotein levels, whereas in half of the patients with low serum paraprotein levels a completely normal antibody response was found. No differences in the total or 7S anti-HPH antibody response were found between patients with IgG, IgM, or IgA paraproteinemia. The polyclonal serum Ig levels were not predictive for the measured anti-HPH response. The anamnestic diphtheria and tetanus antibody response was not different from that of controls.


Residual function in cortically blind hemifields.


Genetic control of antibody responses to PHA in inbred rats. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P; Difco) contains four immunogenic components. The antibody response in rats to two of these components is shown to be genetically determined: AS rats are high responders and BN rats are low responders to both antigens. Responsiveness to the two components segregates independently as autosomal, dominant traits in a manner that is compatible with a one-gene hypothesis for both responses. The antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of PHA segregates together with the in vitro mitogenic response to PHA and to other mitogens. These responses are not linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat. The antibody response to a nonmitogenic fraction from PHA is, however, linked to the MHC.


Genetic control of the in vitro responses of rat blood lymphocytes. II. Number of loci involved and linkage with in vivo antibody formation. Blood lymphocytes from the inbred rat strains AS and BN differ in the magnitude both of their in vitro proliferative response to different mitogens and of their in vivo antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We have examined the segregation of in vitro responsiveness to PHA in (AS X BN)F1 X BN backcross rats and have tried to correlate it with other characters that vary in backcross rats. In vitro responsiveness is regulated by one or a few loci, is linked to the in vitro responsiveness to B lymphocyte mitogens and the in vivo antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of PHA, but is not linked to the major histocompatibility locus (Ag-B) nor to the frequency of short-lived small Ig-negative lymphocytes in blood. Lymphocytes from high-responder rats have a shorter lag period before the onset of DNA synthesis in vitro than low-responder rats, and possibly also a higher number of in vitro responsing cells. To explain our findings, that the same gene og genes regulate in vitro responsiveness to different mitogens and in vivo antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of PHA, we suggest that the gene or genes act in an immunologically unspecific manner on the regulation of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro as well as in vivo.


Epidemiological follow-up investigations of lung function. SEPCR working group meeting Gothenburg Sweden, 11th/12th June, 1976 [proceedings].


Spirometry and flow-volume curves in 10-year follow-up in men born 1913.


Longitudinal changes in ventilatory capacity amongst men over a 3-year period [proceedings].


Factors related to EFV1 slope between two cross-sectional surveys 1960-72 [proceedings].


Serial data over 10-22 years for detailed lung function of working men [proceedings].


Arming of lymphoid cells by IgG antibodies treated with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. Mouse spleen lymphocytes treated with rabbit IgG anti-sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) complexed with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) form rosettes with SRBC. The attachment of SRBC to lymphocytes was due to the binding of the SpA-IgG antibody complex to the surface of the lymphocytes and was thus considered "arming" of the cells. Normal mouse spleen cells "armed" with SpA-rabbit IgG anti-chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) kill specifically 51Cr-labeled CRBC "in vitro" in the absence of free antibodies. The killing by these "armed" cells is an effect of the cell-bound SpA-IgG antibody complex. Both the SRBC rosette formation and the cell-mediated CRBC killing was dependent on the concentration of the SpA-IgG antibody complexes used for "arming" the cells. A 100-fold increase in rosette formation or in killing of target cells was recorded for lymphocytes treated with SpA-IgG antibody complexes in comparison with cells treated with noncomplexed IgG antibodies. The specific binding of SpA-IgG antibody complexes to the Fc receptors of mouse spleen cells was demonstrated by inhibition studies. More than 60% inhibition of the rosette formation and in the killing of target cells was shown for cells treated with normal rabbit IgG or its Fc fragment before addition of the SpA-IgG antibody complex.


Tuberculin reactions related to interval between BCG vaccination and skin testing in guinea pigs. Groups of BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs were given a single Mantoux skin test 4 to 69 weeks after vaccination. The skin reactions tended to develop more slowly the longer the interval since BCG vaccination. Relatively quickly developing tuberculin skin reactions may be characteristic not only for repeated testing, but also for skin tests taken shortly after BCG vaccination.


A method for the detection and quantitation of Fc receptor sites on cells. A new rosette technique for identification of Fc-receptor-bearing cells is based on the ability of sheep erythrocytes coated with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (ES) to form rosettes with cells treated with monomeric IgG or aggregated IgG. The IgG is attached to lymphocytes through its Fc region and binds to a trypsin-resistant but pronase-sensitive receptor (considered an Fc receptor). The ES rosette technique facilitates studies of the interaction of IgG with Fc receptor sites; the binding of any IgG preparation reacting with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) can be studied by the technique. Inhibition of rosette formation by SpA was used for quantitation of IgG fixed to the cell surface (that is, the number of Fc receptors/cell). The sensitivity of the method permits quantitation of less than 10(5) IgG molecules bound to the Fc receptors. The relative affinity constant between Fc receptors and IgG ligands was estimated by plotting the percentage of ES rosettes as a function of IgG concentration and calculating the reciprocal of the IgG concentration giving half the maximal number of ES rosettes.


Asbestos exposure and small airways disease [proceedings].


Pancreatitis and severe metabolic abnormalities in patients taking phenformin.


A token economy program for chronic schizophrenic patients.


An 8-year follow-up of FEV and respiratory symptoms in middle-aged men [proceedings].


Effect of dopamine and isoproterenol on pulmonary vascular resistance.


Residents' corner predisposition to infection and neutrophil function following hemorrhagic shock.


New concepts and approaches to sudden cardiac death.


The problems of morbidity and therapy in borderline hypertension. The aim of the trial was to see whether it was possible to improve morbidity and mortality in both males and females with diastolic pressures between 90 and 109 mm Hg. The initial calculations suggested that it would be necessary to screen between 250-500,000 people to obtain 18-36,000 subjects. This was the number predicted to obtain a statistically significant end-point on current knowledge of morbidity and mortality in this age range. The initial aim was to mount a trial of feasibility with the following objectives: (1) To recruit up to 1000 adults of both sexes aged 35 to 64 years with diastolic pressures in the 90-109 mm Hg range. (2) To determine the acceptability of the trial to asymptomatic subjects as well as their physicians. (3) To show that selected drugs (bendrofluazide and propranolol) adequately control pressure without undue side-effects. (4) To assess the psychological effects of inclusion in the trial. (5) To examine the cost and efficiency of different types of recruitment and supervision. These objectives have now been largely achieved with over 1500 subjects in the study at 2 1/2 years and a drop-out rate of about 13% in all. It appears that the best method of recruitment and supervision is through family practices with supporting staff, particularly in the screening phase. Both the selected drugs reduce the blood pressure significantly and although the placebo groups also show a maintained fall of pressure, the difference from the treated groups is significant. There is no evidence of increased psychological stress by inclusion in the trial and those with psychological symptoms at the outset improve in comparison with their control subjects outside the trial. In order to reach an end-point which will give data of statistical significance, the trial should now be expanded as rapidly as possible towards the goal of recruiting 18-36,000 subjects.


Abnormalities of autonomic nervous control in borderline hypertension. The systemic hemodynamic was investigated in 145 young male patients with borderline hypertension and 85 control subjects. Response of the cardiac output, stroke volume and the heart rate to sequential parasympathetic, beta-adrenergic and alpha-adrenergic blockade was used for assessment of the autonomic nervous tone. These investigations suggest that the apparently "innocent" minimal blood pressure elevation in borderline hypertension is associated with a number of physiologic abnormalities: The cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume can be elevated. In all patients the peripheral resistance is abnormal. An abnormal distribution of plasma renin values is detectable. The plasma volume is decreased in a proportion of patients. A number of these abnormalities can be explained by a neurogenic mechanism. The elevation of the cardiac output is entirely neurogenic. In a substantial minority of patients, the elevation of peripheral resistance is attributable to increased sympathetic drive. Indirect evidence indicates that the plasma renin elevation in borderline hypertension may also be neurogenic. Hypothetically the decreased plasma volume may stem from sympathetic effects on postcapillary vessels, but at the present there is no experimental evidence of support this view. The change in autonomic function in borderline hypertension involves both the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents. Increased sympathetic stimulation is coupled with decrease parasympathetic inhibition. This points toward abnormal integration of the autonomic control, presumably in the medulla oblongata. The mechanism of the autonomic abnormality is not fully elucidated. The role of baroreceptors requires further investigation. In some patients the altered autonomic integration appears to be related to psychosomatic mechanisms.


A study on ceramide monohexoside from AH 109A, a strain of ascitic tumor cell in Donryu rats.


Bilateral catamenial pneumothorax.

Bilateral catamenial pneumothorax.


On the recent cases of middle lobe syndrome.


Liver injury: a modern day surgical challenge.


Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm.

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm.


The early diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.


The role of colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.


The adult respiratory distress syndrome.


Non-absorbable cystic duct ligatures and common duct calculi.


Fibromuscular hyperplasia of the internal carotid artery.


Case presentation from the combined meetings of the departments of pathology and surgery, University of of Cape Town. Malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland.


Fine needle cholangiography.

Fine needle cholangiography.


A sigh for psychiatry.

A sigh for psychiatry.


False interpretation of fetal heart role monitoring in cases of intra-uterine death. Spiral scalp electrodes were applied in 30 cases of diagnosed intra-uterine death during labour to establish different patterns caused by maternal fetal conduction of the ECG. In 10 cases the signal was of high quality and in 20 cases the signal was of low quality, but nevertheless spurious fetal heart rate recordings were produced. The maternal heart rate is interpreted as apparent "fetal bradycardia" in all cases but 1. Maternal heart rate accelerations, most of them occurring during uterine contractions, were demonstrated in 12 cases and decelerations in 3 cases. Changes in beat-to-beat variation were, however, rare.


Abrupt fall in the fetal heart rate during labour. Cardiotocograms of 6044 patients in labour were examined for evidence of an abrupt fall in the fetal heart 50 beats within 3 minutes, without a demonstration of signs of recovery in the following 2 minutes. Only 9 instances could be found -- an incidence of 0,15%. Umbilical cord entanglement possibly played a role in 6 of these instances, and 2 of the infants concerned were stillborn. Intra-uterine growth retardation was associated with deceleration in 3 infants, 1 of whom was stillborn.


The differential enlargement of the neurocranium in the full-term fetus. There is a wide range of variation in the cephalic index in the full-term fetus. The index rises as birth weight increases. The correlation between birth weight and the cephalic index is significant (r = 0,65) at the 0,05 level. Increasing neurocranial size is associated with differential growth of the dimensions which determine endocranial capacity. A higher cephalic index is achieved by a disproportionately large increase in the biparietal diameter relative to the occipitofrontal dimension. This results in a more globular neurocranial form.


Delivery of Siamese twins by Caesarean section. The diagnosis of a pair of Siamese twins and their delivery by Caesarean section are described. A major cardiac anomaly precluded surgical separation.


A comparison of the uterine beta2-adrenoreceptor selectivity of fenoterol, hexoprenaline, ritodrine and salbutamol. A study was undertaken to compare the uterine beta2-adrenoreceptor selectivity of fenoterol, hexoprenaline, ritodrine and salbutamol. The drugs in doses having an equivalent effect on uterine activity, were randomly administered as an intravenous bolus to 10 patients who had been induced at term. The cardiovascular and uterine effects of the drugs were recorded. The rise in maternal pulse rate was significantly less (P less than 0,001) after the administration of hexoprenaline when it was compared with fenoterol, ritodrine, and salbutamol. Hexoprenaline proved to be the most chronotropically beta2-selective drug, having the least effect on the beta1-adrenoreceptors of the heart, for an equivalent effect on the uterus. Blood pressure changes were less significantly different between the drugs. The clinical use in obstetrics of a highly beta2-selective sympathomimetic drug is discussed.


Facilities available in Cape Town for children with learning difficulties.


New techniques in stapedectomy.

New techniques in stapedectomy.


Effect of different pre-operative vaginal preparations on morbidity of patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Three methods of vaginal preparation carried out before abdominal hysterectomy are compared. The lowest post-operative morbidity was associated with the use of a povidone-iodine douche and gel during the pre-operative preparation of the patient.


Paget's disease of bone in South African Blacks.


Neonatal and maternal cranial form.

Neonatal and maternal cranial form. The mean cephalic index (CI) in the normally grown full-term neonate is in the lower eighties. Because intra-uterine growth retardation causes a greater proportionate reduction in the biparietal than in the occipitofrontal diameter, the resultant CI is significantly lower (P less than 0,01) than in neonates who have grown normally. There is no significant correlation between maternal and neonatal cranial form as judged by the CI. In man, hereditary factors operate in the long period of postnatal growth and differentiation.


The diagnostic value of the tine and Mantoux tests in a general hospital. Tine and Mantoux tuberculin tests were compared in 193 hospitalised White patients with a variety of illnesses. With the Mantoux test 52 (27%) were tuberculin-positive and 19 (9.8%) were positive with the tine test. Had the tine technique alone been used, 33 of 52 tuberculin reactors would have been missed. Additional findings were (i) a 73% positivity for Monilia antigen; (ii) the optimal time for reading the Mantoux tests was on the third, rather than the second day; (iii) tuberculin reactivity was not suppressed by either pyrexia or elevation of the sedimentation rate; and (iv) the use of avian PPD demonstrated very few reactors in this population. It is recommended that the tine test be replaced by the intradermal Mantoux test with stabilised freeze-dried PPD tuberculin supplied in test kits with diluent. This matter should be given high priorty in South African general hospital practice and population surveys.


Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Two boys and one girl suffering from recurrent severe bacterial infections were investigated. All 3 exhibited normal cellular and humoral immunity, normal neutrophil phagocytic ability, and defective neutrophil bacterial capacity. The clinical features and laboratory findings in these patients are diagnostic of chronic granulomatous disease. A sex-linked inheritance pattern was confirmed in 1 patient by the demonstration of a heterozygous carrier state in the mother.


False aneurysm of the common carotid artery due to tuberculosis. A case report.


Surgical treatment of gallstone ileus.

Surgical treatment of gallstone ileus. Seven cases of gallstone ileus are presented. It is suggested that the mechanism of intestinal obstruction is not by progressive enlargement of the stone. Recurrent gallstone ileus is reviewed. At the time of the primary operation for the relief of the intestinal obstruction, the gallbladder should be palpated, if possible. When stones are palpable they should be removed by a cholecystostomy to prevent early recurrence of gallstone ileus. The decision to do further immediate surgery on the biliary tree depends on the condition of the patient.


Heparin prophylaxis in thrombo-embolic disease.


The world's last case.

The world's last case.


Some aspects of the hepatic metabolism of ethrane. From our studies of the rat we report observations on three aspects of the interaction of ethrane and liver. 1. Interaction of ethrane with cytochrome P450 in vitro. 2. The effect of ethrane administration on glutathione levels in vivo. 3. The effects of repeated ethrane administration in the absence and presence of microsomal enzymic induction on liver morphology. We conclude that ethrane has little or no propensity for damaging the liver.


Does raw sugar cane juice protect against dental caries.


Nasal septal perforations closed with a silastic button.


The value of the postoperative temperature chart as an aid to the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Forty consecutive patients with an abnormal postoperative pyrexia were investigated for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). All 80 lower limbs were examined by means of Parks 801 or 806 Doppler ultrasound apparatus. Doppler findings were confirmed by ascending peripheral venography or by the 125I-fibrinogen uptake method, or by both methods, in all cases. DVT was present in 9 limbs (11%). In 89% of the limbs DVT was excluded. An abnormal postoperative pyrexial response, as defined in this text, is thus a poor sign of DVT. It should, however, not be ignored, as it was indicative of venous thrombosis in 15% of the patients in this study. Confirmation of DVT should be obtained wherever possible by ascending peripheral venography, Doppler ultrasound, or some other available method. The use of anticoagulants should be restricted to those patients in whom the diagnosis has been confirmed.


Herpetic whitlow.

Herpetic whitlow.


South African underwater diving accidents, 1969-1976. Since 1969 a survey of diving accidents involving South African amateur divers was undertaken. The South African Underwater Union diving accident report form was used, and various State agents (SA Police and inquest courts) and individual divers and club instructors were questioned. This survey covers the period up to the end of June 1976. Data acquired during the 8-year period 1969 - 1976 are compared. A conservative estimate from the number of certificates issued to club divers indicates a 25% increase in diver population, while the number of fatilities has decreased from 0,1% in 1971 to 0,016% in 1976, indicating the importance of accident reporting in determining safety trends. In general, a change in pattern is observed during the last 4 years, showing more SCUBA than breath-hold fatalities. The formation of the Decompression Sickness and Diving Accidents Investigation Panel as a further measure to decrease fatal diving accidents is discussed.


Investigation of the health status of a representative population sample of one region in the CSSR, by medical examinations. Part II: Results and conclusions.


Prospects of the development of the health protection in the U.S.S.R. during the Tenth Five-Year Plan.


The new insignia.

The new insignia.


Foot pigmentation in Blacks.

Foot pigmentation in Blacks. Pigmentation of the soles of the feet was studied during postmortem examination of 70 Black patients. Forty-eight (57%) showed some pigmentation (grade II) of the soles of the feet and 4 (6%) showed definite black spots, i.e. focal areas of dense black pigmentation (grade III). A distinction between clinical grade II or grade III lesions could not be made on the basis of microscopic appearance. No true naeyi were seen. Increases of melanin pigmentation and minor degrees of melanocytic proliferation were all that was apparent. Although the development of malignant melanoma may be related to the presence of black spots on the feet of darkly pigmented races, all such spots are certainly not naevi.


Work consumption of physicians in the country district hospitals of the Mongolian People's Republic.


The importance of accepted standards of environmental hygiene for prevention of non-occupational diseases in workers.


The attendances to physicians and morbidity in Poland (July 1967--June 1968). Part V: Respiratory diseases.