The effects of climatic patterns and agricultural practices on the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Asia. Annual population curves for C. tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan, east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea. In the dry temperature (Pakistan) and colder maritime climates (Japan and Korea). C. tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults, while in the warmer maritime climates (Okinawa and Taiwan), gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months. In these climatic types, the population curves closely paralleled the annual temperature curves. In the tropical climates, however, temporal population patterns were closely related to available moisture either in the form of annual precipitation and/or rice irrigation. The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C. tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters.


Juvenile rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease at Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand. One hundred consecutive cases of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease who were seen at Department of Pediatrics. Ramathibodi Hospital were reviewed. Particular attention was given to the pattern and the outcome of the cardiac status of the patients. The high incidence of severe carditis and tight mitral stenosis was similar to most reports from other developing countries. There was a poor prognosis for the cardiac status of those who came late, had more than valvular lesions, were in congestive heart failure, or had preexisting heart disease and atrial fibrillation. In spite of this, 6 patients had no evidence of heart disease after being followed up for less than 5 years.


A survey of houseflies in bangkok and neighboring provinces. A survey of flies in Bangkok and neighboring province revelaed that among 8,675 flies collected there were 10 genera and 18 species of flies, eg. Musca domestica, M. bezzii, M. conducens, M. nebulo, Chrysomyia megacephala, C. rufifacies, Phaenicia sericata, P. cuprina, Sarcophaga ruficornis, S. peregrina, S. orchidae, S. albiceps, Megaselia scalaris, Lispe orientalis, Anaclysta flexa, Morellia hortensia, Hemipyrellia ligurriens and Orthellia coeruleifrons. Musca mostly bred in low-protein content media, eg., garbage piles of vegetable and rice, and was predominant in the morning while Chrysomyia and Phaenicia mostly bred in high-protein content media, eg., animal carcasses, and were predominant in the afternoon. Female flies were bigger than male and they were more predominant than males in or around breeding places. The density of flies was correlated with the relative humidity but not with rainfall or temperature. The density of flies was correlated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. Some cases of myiasis have been reported from Thailand.


Prevalence of heart disease in school children in Thailand: a preliminary survey at Bang Pa-in. A total of 2,764 students were examined from five schools in Bang Pa-in, district, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand; 12 were found to have heart disease, a prevalence of 4.34 per thousand examined. Of these 4 cases were known by their parents to have heart disease prior to our study. The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 3.3 and of rheumatic heart disease 1 per thousand students. The incidence of functional heart murmur was 46%. The prevalence rate of heart disease in Thai school children was similar to rates in reports from Canada, America and Iran.


Contributions to natural sources and methods of transmission of Gnathostoma spinigerum in Thailand.


Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate as broad-spectrum anthelmintics. The efficacy of mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate was studied in two groups of 59 and 58 cases, respectively, of patients with polyparasitosis. Mebendazole had a cure rate of 96%, 82.2%, 71.4% and 66.6% in A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichiura and S. stercoralis, respectively, while the corresponding figures for pyrantel pamoate were 92.6%, 85.7%, 19.4% and 0%. Pyrantel pamoate is considered to have no significant effect on T. trichiura and S. stercoralis. None of the drugs had any effect on  T. saginata. Both drugs have been found to be equally effective against enterobiasis by various authors. It is recommended that pyrantel pamoate be the drug of choice in cases of multiple parasitic infections excluding T. trichiura and S. stercoralis whereas those with one or both of these in addition to others should be treated with mebendazole. Mebendazole can be prescribed for patients with clinical evidence of helminthic infections even where stool examination is not possible as it covers almost the whole range of common helminthic infections. The only limitation for poorer patients however is its cost. Pyrantel pamoate has a wider applicability for the poorer patients in spite of the fact that it is ineffective against trichurids and S. stercoralis.


The effect of specific antiserum on the metabolism of three membrane-associated antigens of ASL-1 x LM(TK)- hybrid cells. Fusion of ASL-1 cells, a murine leukemia forming thymus leukemia (TL) antigens, with LM(TK)- cells, a TL(--) murine cell line, resulted in a stable hybrid forming TL antigens. The hybrids failed to undergo modulation, the reversible dissappearance of TL antigens from the surfaces of the cells, stimulated by TL antiserum. Unlike ASL-1 cells, the rate of disappearance of the antigens from modulation negative hydrid cells was unaffected by TL antiserum. The t 1/2 of TL antigens of the hybrid was approximately 30 h. The t 1/2 of TL antigens of ASL-1 cells was 10 h in the presence of TL antiserum, 18 h in the absence of TL antiserum. The rate of metabolism of a putative tumor-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells formed by the hybrid was unaffected by exposure to specific antiserum, as was the metabolism of H-2 antigens formed by the cell types.


The selection of somatic cell hybrids between human lymphoma cell lines. Somatic cell hybrids have been selected between three pairs of established human lymphoid cell lines producing  pure lines of proliferating hybrid cells: Raji/Namalwa, Raji/Daudi, and Raji/BJAB. The hybrid cell lines have been characterized with respect to isozyme pattern, volume, and karyotype.


A CHO-cell mutant with a defect in cytokinesis. In a selection procedure designed to enrich for temperature-sensitive mutant cells blocked in mitosis a CHO-cell mutant was isolated which has a defect in cytokinesis as the basis of its temperature-sensitive phenotype. Cultures of the mutant had an abnormally high percentage (ie. 34%) of polyploid cells at the permissive temperature of 34 degress C and showed further increased frequencies of polyploidy as well as many multinucleated cells at 38.5 degrees 39.5 degrees. When the mutant cells were synchronized in metaphase by Colcemid arrest and then placed into fresh medium at nonpermissive temperature, they did not divide although the completion of mitosis appeared cytologically normal. Ultrastructural examination by electron microscopy of such synchronized cells at telophase revealed no specific defects in cellular components other than failure of development of a normal midbody. The sensitivity of the mutant to cytochalasin B and to Colcemid was the same as for wild-type cells. This mutation behaved as recessive in tetraploid cell hybrids constructed by fusing the mutant with a CHO strain which was wild-type with respect to temperature sensitivty.


Assignment of a structural gene for beta-glucuronidase to human chromosome C7. An electrophoretic technique was developed which allows the separation of human beta-glucuronidase (GUS EC 3.2.1.3.1) from the enzyme present in cultured murine. Chinese and Syrian hamster cells in one buffer system on Cellogel. Using this technique a number of independent human-mouse somatic cell hybrids have been analyzed for the segregation of GUS, other enzyme markers, and all human chromosomes. The results indicate that a structural gene for human beta-glucuronidase is located on chromosome C7.


Transfer of the human X chromosome to human--Chinese hamster cell hybrids via isolated HeLa metaphase chromosomes. Evidence is presented for the uptake of the human X chromosome by human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids which lack H P R T activity, following incubation with isolated human HeLa S3 chromosomes. Sixteen independent clonal cell lines were isolated in H A T medium, all of which contained a human X chromosome as determined by trypsin-Giemsa staining. The frequency of H A T-resistant clones was 32 x 10(-6) when 10(7) cells were incubated with 10(8) HeLa chromosomes. Potential reversion of the hybrid cells in H A T medium was less than 5 x 10(-7). The 16 isolated cell lines all contained activity of the human X-linked marker enzymes H P R T, P G K,alpha-Gal A, and G6PD, as determined by electrophoresis. The phenotype of G6PD was G6PD A, corresponding to G6PD A in HeLa cells. The human parental cells used in the fusion to form the hybrids had the G6PD B phenotype. The recipient cells gave no evidence of containing human X chromosomes. These results indicate that incorporation and expression of HeLa X chromosomes is accomplished in human-Chinese hamster hybrids which lack a human X chromosome.


Inhibition of the growth of mammalian cells in cuture by amino acids and the isolation and characterization of L-phenylalanine transport. Raising the concentration of phenylalanine and other amino acids in MEM leads to the inhibition of growth and in some cases to death of A9. Balb 3T3 , SV40 Balb 3T3 (SVT2), CHO, and WI38. All cells tested exhibited some similar senstivities to certain of the amino acids. but there were some unique differences. Phenylalanine-resistant mutants (Pher) of A9 were isolated that had modified phenylalanine-transport properties. These mutants can be isolated by a single-step selection procedure. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of initial rates of phenylalanine uptake by A9 and mutants showed a biphasic curve suggesting two transport systems. The Pher mutants had altered properties of both systems. It is suggested that the selection of clones resistant to high concentration of several of the natural amino acid may be used as a general method for the isolation of mutants affecting the various amino acid transport systems in mammalian cells.


The selection of Chinese hamster cells deficient in oxidative energy metabolism. A selection scheme based on the nutritional requirements of a previously described respiration-deficient Chinese hamster line has been used to isolate new mutants defective in oxidative energy metabolism. Three of the primary characteristics of this type of mutant are (1) a strict dependency on the continued presence of glucose for survival; (2) a drastic reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption; (3) an inhibition of Krebs cycle activity resulting in auxotrophy for asparagine and carbon dioxide. In the case of one cell line which was used (V79), up to 65% of the survivors of a selection were found to possess this phenotype after only one round of selection. By contrast, it proved much more difficult to obtain such mutants from another cell line (CCL16). A preliminary characterization of a number of these mutants is presented.


Mutant alleles for hypoxanthine phosphoriboxyltransferase: codominant expression, complementation, and segregation in hybrid Chinese hamster cells. Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants resistant to the purine analogs 6-thioguanine or 8-azaguanine have been isolated following mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. The activities of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in three such mutants have been found to exhibit an increased Km for the substrate 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. The isoelectric point of the mutant enzyme activity has also changed in two mutants. Hybrid cells containing one mutant and one wild-type allele express both genes. Segregants that have lost only the wild-type allele can be selected on the basis of drug resistance. Two mutants exhibiting different alterations in HPRT activity can complement in a hybrid cell to yield a wild-type growth pattern and enzyme activity with intermediate electrophoretic and kinetic properties. The results suggest intracistronic complementation between structural gene mutants of HPRT.


Inhibition of biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine by deoxycytidine: correlation with decreased incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA. The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on pigmentation, contact inhibition, cell morphology, and tumorogenicity of Syrian hamster melanoma cells are inhibited in the presence of deoxycytidine (dC). The inhibition of these biological effects of BrdU by dC is correlated with a decrease in the incorporation of BrdU into nuclear DNA. The results suggest that the intracellular changes resulting from the addition of dC to cells in the presence of BrdU are comparable to those resulting from a decrease in the concentration of BrdU in the medium.


Isolation and characterization of 5-fluorotryptophan-resistant mutants with altered L-tryptophan transport. Mutants of A9 mouse fibroblast, resistant to the killing effect of 0.4 mM 5-flurotryptophan (5-FT), have altered L-tryptophan transport properties. The resistant phenotype is stable for at least 90 generations of growth in MEM. A fluctuation test indicated that clones resistant to 0.4 mM 5-FT occurred spontaneously. An average mutation rate was estimated at 1.6 X 10(-6). Treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine increased the frequency of these clones by at least 100-fold. These results indicate that the resistant clones arose as a result of a mutation. All the resistant mutant tested accumulate less 5-FT at near steady-state conditions than the wild type. Lineweaver-Burk plots of initial rates of tryptophan uptake yield a biphasic curve suggesting that tryptophan is transported by two transport systems. Kinetic constants determined by a computer program indicate that both proposed transport systems were modified in each of two 5-FT resistant mutants.


Malpractice: funding emerges as a critical issue.


1975 literature for trustees reflects new goals, unknowns.


Can we afford national health insurance?


A prescription for medical incompetence.


HSAs: a way out of the regulatory mess?

HSAs: a way out of the regulatory mess?


Chairman's outlook: retreats for hospital trustees.


'Leave us alone, we'll manage'.

'Leave us alone, we'll manage'.


The end of the wobbly three-legged stool.


Public hospitals: how they got that way--and what can be done about it.


What every trustee should know about medical audit.


Must doctors serve where they're told?

Must doctors serve where they're told?


Consensus on health policy eludes forum participants.


Doctors on boards: survey tracks a growing trend.


How hospitals are controlling costs.

How hospitals are controlling costs.


The trustee as advocate for society: a new perspective on quality of patient care.


The Darling case shows a silver lining.

The Darling case shows a silver lining.


How to get doctors involved in governance, management.


Should trustees serve on medical staff committees?


'A sound mind in a sound body' is aim of executive health institute.


Malpractice: simple solution eludes tort reformists.


Hospital costs: the reason is people.

Hospital costs: the reason is people.


In trustee education, Tennessee shows the way.


Is there a merger in your future?

Is there a merger in your future?


Chairman's outlook: utilization of volunteers.


Public needs voice in hospitals.

Public needs voice in hospitals.


Research with human subjects: trustees should ask questions.


The Quinlan precedent.

The Quinlan precedent.


Medical manpower planning: the British experience.


Hospital study tour in Denmark.

Hospital study tour in Denmark.


8th conference on hospital services in Europe.


The role of the ombudsman in Britain.

The role of the ombudsman in Britain.


Agenesis of pancreas and gall-bladder in an infant of incest. Fatal diabetic coma was observed in a small-for-gestational-age newborn of brother-sister incest. Post mortem examinations revealed congenital absence of the pancreas and gall-bladder.


Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome: acoustic, laryngoscopic and radiological investigation. The breathing pattern in IRDS has been analysed by sound recording, direct laryngoscopy and chest X-rays. The reflex mechanism operative in IRDS was found to be a modified version of the Hering-Breuer reflex; in a certain phase of inspiration the respiratory muscles relax and passive expiration begins. In IRDS, at the end of the short inspiratory phase accompanied by grunting the glottis is suddenly closed, and collapse of the alveolar space is prevented. The small opening of the glottis before the next inspiration serves the same purpose, and the air passing through it is heard as grunting. As soon as the alveolar space is emptied, the glottis becomes wide open and a quick inspiration follows. The modified Hering-Breure reflex increases the respiratory tract pressure and thus prevents collapse of the alveolar space. When the newborn is no longer capable of the excess extra work required for grunting, the decompensated phase of IRDS sets in. Gas exchange rapidly deteriorates and the white lung pattern is visible on the chest X-ray.


Trace elements in the serum of mothers and their children. The serum copper, zinc and iron levels, iron binding capacity and coeruloplasmin activity were determined in 28 maternal and cord bloods and in 50 infants and children. At the end of the gestation period the serum copper level increased, iron concentration remained unchanged while the level of zinc decreased significantly as compared to the values for healthy, non-pregnant women. Iron and zinc concentrations at birth were significantly higher in the newborn than in the mother, whereas the copper level amounted only to 20% of the maternal value. Subsequently, the copper level increased to reach the lower limit of healthy adults in the first to second year of life. The remarkably high neonatal zinc concentration fell significantly in the first 2 to 4 weeks of life and decreases to the normal adult level at one year of age. The changes in the trace element concentrations may be due to quantitative differences in the transporting proteins, variations in placental permeability and in the function of transfer proteins.


Immunoglobulin E in the sera of infants and children. The serum IgE level has been studied from birth up to 14 years of age. The mean serum IgE concentration was found to be correlated with age. Parallel measurements in cord blood and maternal blood yielded a mean of 25 I.U./ml (range, 0--90 I.U.) for the former and one of 124 I.U./ml (range, 50-600 I.U.) for the latter. The normal IgE level ranged from 20 to 100 I.U./ml in infants and from 100 to 200 I.U./ml in children, but even values of 400 to 600 I.U. did not necessarily reflect a pathological condition. In the majority of patients with eczema, urticaria and spastic bronchitis, high IgE levels were measured. The highest individual and mean values were obtained in children harbouring intestinal helminths, though a normal IgE level also occurred in such patients. In coeliac disease the values were within normal limits.


Altered response in vitro of the human umbilical artery to sera of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and other hypoxic conditions. A study was made of the reaction of the human umbilical artery and the isolated rabbit auricular artery to protein-free ultrafiltrates of normal and hypoxic sera originating from neonates suffering from RDS or other acute metabolic disturbances. While a normal serum ultrafiltrate caused an enhanced contraction of the umbilical artery, hypoxic sera exerted a weaker pressor activity. At the same time, on the rabbit's isolated auricular artery the hypoxic sera exhibited a higher pressor activity. The phenomenon is in agreement with the clinical observation that spontaneous closure of the umbilical vessels is delayed in the case of fetal hypoxia.


The metabolic effects of glucagon infusion in normoglycaemic and hypoglycaemic small-for-gestational-age infants. I. Changes in blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma free fatty acids. The response to glucagon infusion of blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma FFA was studied in 7 normoglycaemic and 7 hypoglycaemic SGA infants. The infants received glucagon at a rate of 0.2 microng/kg/min into a cephalic vein for a period of four hours. Glucagon caused a marked and significant rise in blood glucose in both groups; from 66 +/- 12 mg/100 ml to 136 +/- 16 mg/100 ml in the normoglycaemic, and from 22 +/- 2 mg/100 ml to 69 +/- 13 mg/100 ml in the hypoglycaemic infants. The time course of the response was different: while in the former group blood glucose declined after the second hour of glucagon infusion, in the hypoglycaemic group the response persisted throughout the test period. In the normoglycaemic SGA infants FFA fell rapidly in response to glucagon, whereas no significant change occurred in hypoglycaemic infants. The different baseline lactate concentrations were not affected significantly.


Keratoconus and hydrophilic contact lenses.


The metabolic effects of glucagon infusion in normoglycaemic and hypoglycaemic small-for-gestational-age infants. II. Changes in plasma amino acids. Altogether 17 individual amino acids were determined before and during glucagon infusion in normoglycaemic and hypoglycaemic SGA infants. The magnitude and time course of the response in total plasma amino acids to glucagon infusion (0.2 microng/kg/min for four hours) differed in the two groups: while in the normoglycaemic SGA infants a significant hypoaminoacidaemia was noted by the second hour of glucagon infusion, in the hypoglycaemic newborns no appreciable changes were observed. In the former group altogether twelve amino acids showed a progressive and significant decline. The fall of three important gluconeogenic amino acids alanine, glycine,proline, and that of three branched chain amino acids was particularly striking. In contrast, in the hypoglycaemic infants the amino acids were not significantly affected by glucagon infusion. This unresponsiveness of plasma amino acids was probably transient as judged from the moderate hypoaminoacidaemia noted by the end of the infusion period. The observations seem to have important implications regarding the influence of glucagon on hepatic glucose production, and its possible therapeutic importance in the management of hypoglycaemic intrauterine malnourished infants.


Heterotopic contralateral projections of neocortical regions of the cat brain. II. Parietal cortex. A. Interhemispheric association of parietal cortex.


Cervical spinal cord injuries in Czechoslovakia 1973 - 1974.


Clinical study of status epilepticus; review of 111 statuses.


Heterotopic contralateral projections of neocortical regions of the cat brain. II. Parietal cortex. B. Laminar distribution of interhemispheric association fibres in the cat neocortex.


Changes of muscle fibre thickness following diets of various types and administration of drugs in experimental animals.


Changes in thickness of muscle fibers in "compensatory" hypertrophy of skeletal muscles.


The importance of hygienic practices during the collection and bottling of mineral water. Natural water suitable for direct bottling must be clear, colourless, and free from objectionable taste and odour. The mineral content must be limited in amount, otherwise the water would come within the medicinal water category. There should be no detectable organic matter present and the water must be of the highest bacteriological quality -- virtually sterile - and should remain in this condition during the collection and bottling processes. In order to achieve and maintain this high quality, the gathering grounds of the source must be protected from pollution; the construction of the well or spring must be such as to prevent external contamination, as also should be the collecting and bottling apparatus. Personnel employed in the factory should wear protective clothing and be regularly checked as to their freedom from waterborne infectious diseases. Control of the water as to its hygienic quality should be by regular and frequent analysis of samples of the water and the air at various points in the process and in the factory. A new problem that has arisen and has to be faced in this situation is the risk of contamination by certain materials in contact with the water that may contain substances that encourage the growth of saprophytic bacteria which would contaminate by the production of taste, odour, discolouration, cloudiness and definite evidence of microbial growth. It is emphasized that the extent of this new problem is not yet delineated and that methods of laboratory control and safeguards against such happenings are still evolving.


Treatment of forty loosened total hip replacement.


Surgical treatment of acute injuries of the lateral ligaments of the anklejoint and chronical lateral ligament insufficiency.


Pathophysiological classification of anaemias and polycythaemias (polyglobulias).


Reproduction of the cycle of coccidia Eimeria acervulina (Tyzzer, 1929) in cell cultures of chicken kidneys. The cycle of Eimeria acervulina was grown in primary culture of cells of three-week-old-chicken kidneys. EHT medium (Eagle, Hydrolysate of Lactalbumine, Bacto-Tryptose phosphate) allowed the development of this coccidium. 44 hours after infestation of the cells with sporozoites, the first schizonts appeared. The merozoites of first generation were released after 54 hours. They invaded the neighbouring cells and developed in them into schizonts of second generation mature after 68 hours. After 72 and 93 hours, a third and a fourth generation of schizonts were noticed. Merozoites IV create the Gamogony. To obtain the gamogony in vitro, we inoculated the cultures with merozoites IV recovered from axenic animals. The oocysts were released into the medium 45 hours after inoculation.


Blood reference values in the lamb (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Cl, urea, total proteins, creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase, cholesterol and hemoglobin). We have determined sixteen blood chemical parameters in three month-old lambs and eleven in one and a half-month old ones. We have found that three of them were not affected by age: potassium, copper and proteins; seven were lowered: sodium, calcium, zinc, chlorine, inorganic phosphate, urea and cholesterol; one was enhanced : magnesium. These reference values will be used as a basis for further controls of the flocks.


Survival of hydatid cysts after puncturing. The release of antigens from hydatid cysts, essential for the induction of a detectable host antibody response, is considered to depend on alterations in the physical integrity of the cyst germinal membrane. This explanation, however, does not account for the detection of serologic responses in persons harbouring hyaline cysts unless it were possible for membrane microfissures to arise and provide an antigenic stimulus without adversely affecting cyst viability. The results of the present study have demonstrated that hydatid cysts are able to survive when experimentally punctured in vitro or in vivo. These findings on the capacity of hyaline cysts to repair or recuperate from a microfissure are consistent with the detection of antibody responses in persons harbouring hyaline hydatid cysts with apparently intact membranes and with the hypothesis of an association between integrity of cyst membranes and degree of host immunological responses.


Histochemical observations on the corpus luteum atreticum of the human postmenopausal ovary with reference to steroid hormone synthesis.


Alterations in lipid metabolism produced by ethyl trichloracetate. Rats maintained on a choline deficient diet and treated with subcutaneous doses of ethyl trichloracetate responded by increasing plasma beta-lipoprotein and plasma triglyceride levels while excess triglyceride was being removed from the liver. There was a transient depression in plasma phospholipid at the beginning of the treatment. Continued administration of ethyl trichloracetate raised plasma triglyceride in choline depleted rats and raised hepatic phospholipid concentration in both choline deficient and supplemented rats. It is suggested that the lipotropic action of ethyl trichloracetate occurs through hepatic triglyceride being removed by the altered plasma lipids and not by inhibition of hepatic triglyceride synthesis.


Hepatic vitamin A fat-storage cells and the metabolism of chylomicron cholesterol. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the vitamin A fat-storage cell removes chylomicron remnant cholesterol from hepatic portal venous blood; A modified Ficoll density gradient ultracentrifugation procedure was used to isolate from rat liver cellular fractions that were enriched in vitamin A. In rats fed a normal diet and in rats fed excess vitamin A isolated hepatocytes were fractionated 15 min after the intravenous injection of chylomicrons labelled in vivo with radioactive cholesterol. The results showed that cholesterol radioactivity was not concentrated in the vitamin A enriched cellular fractions, so it was concluded that the vitamin A fat-storage cell is not implicated in clearance of chylomicron remnants by the liver.


The origin and significance of macrophages in thoracic duct lymph. Efferent lymph collected from a thoracic duct fistula initially contains no macrophages. However, the surgical procedures used to insert plastic cannulae into efferent lymphatics incite a vigorous foreign body reaction leading to the contamination of collected lymph with significant numbers of these cells. A sensitive and specific assay for the presence of macrophages in lymphocyte populations was used to quantitate the degree of contamination in rats bearing thoracic duct cannulae. The origin of some of these contaminant cells from the peritoneal macorphage population was established by adoptive transfer of labelled peritoneal cells to cannulated recipients.


Host resistance to a spontaneously metastasising melanoma after primary tumour excision. Tumour resistance was investigated in a spontaneously metastasising murine melanoma. Specific tumour resistance was found in mice with intact small primary tumours and no metastases. If primary tumours were excised, resistance was demonstrated in mice which had metastases and in mice which did not have metastases but were given crude melanoma homogenate. No resistance could be detected in mice which had large primary tumours left intact or in mice which had small primary tumours excised four days prior to tumour challenge. These in vivo findings are compared with previously documented in vitro results.


Mechanism of thyroid allograft rejection. Balb/c thyroids, held in organ culture for 26 days, survive and function as well as isografts for greater than 100 days in CBA recipients. Uncultured allografts are totally rejected by 20 days after transplantation. Prolonged allograft survival can also be achieved by the treatment of donor animals with cyclophosphamide prior to harvesting tissues for transplantation. These allografts do not survive as well as 26 day cultured allografts, but cyclophosphamide pretreatment reduces the culture time required to achieve indefinite survival to 7 days. The provision of an allogeneic (LD) stimulus by thyroid tissue that is I-region incompatible with the host does not facilitate the rejection of a tolerated cultured allograft. However, activation of the host immune system by an uncultured graft syngeneic to a tolerated cultured allograft leads to the chronic rejection of the cultured transplant. The transfer of a tolerated cultured allograft back to its strain of origin induces an acute inflammatory reaction that causes tissue damage within the transplant but does not lead to the total destruction of the tissue.


Studies on the transfer of plasma iron to milk in the lactating rat. The transfer of an intravenous does of 59Fe from plasma to milk in the lactating rat was a rapid process which accelerated exponentially with time until a plateau was reached 2 to 4 hours after injection. This transfer of iron involved little participation of the iron in the mammary gland pool. Also, neither the lactoferrin of the milk whey nor the iron-carrier molecule of the casein played a specific role in the iron transfer process. The present results show that the total percentage of plasma 59Fe transferred to the milk and sucklings in the lactating rat is much more than those values reported in lactating rabbits (Tarvydas, Jordan and Morgan, 1968) and sows (Hansard, 1965).


Changing pattern of health insurance.

Changing pattern of health insurance.


The effect of local anaesthetics on the neural uptake of catecholamines in isolated arteries--a histochemical study.


NSW Minister for health on regionalisation and health services.


Regionalisation of health services.

Regionalisation of health services.


Sad commentary on our system.

Sad commentary on our system.


Effective use of boards.

Effective use of boards.


Death, dying and patient care: the patient and his family.


"Change for all of us...".

"Change for all of us...".


Doctor perception of Medibank.

Doctor perception of Medibank.


Side chain oxidation of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat: effect of removal of the intestine.


Conformational states of enkephalins in solution.


Crystalline anhydrous Ca-phosphatidylserine bilayers.


Alternate routes for ubiquinone biosynthesis in rats.


Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from fig latex.


More effective utilisation of nursing resources.


Singlet oxygen formation during hemoprotein catalyzed lipid peroxide decomposition.


Isolation of Coxsackievirus B3 temperture-sensitive mutants and their assignment to complementation groups.


Studies of the in vitro sensitivity of iodothyronine synthesis to methimazole in normal human thyroid cells.


The amino acids of M and N blood group glycopeptides are different.


Isolation and initial characterization of human basement membrane collagens.


Alkylation of DNA and proteins in mice exposed to vinyl chloride.


Glutathione peroxidase activity of glutathione-s-transferases purified from rat liver.


Trans-zeatin in culture filtrates of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


The activity of the erythrocyte monoaccharide transport system is not correlated with crosslinkage of band 3 protein.


The NH2-terminus of C-fragment is resistant to the action of aminopeptidases.


Elevated activities of alpha-2-and alpha-3-fucosyltransferases in human serum as a new indicator of malignancy.


Distribution of covalently bound benzo(a)pyrene in chromatin.


Bestatin, a new specific inhibitor of aminopeptidases, enhances activation of small lymphocytes by concanavalin A.


Intramolecular determination of primary kinetic isotope effects in hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.


Regulation of the meta-cleavage of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by Pseudomonas putida.


Pool sizes and metabolism of CDPCholine and CDPethanolamine in skeletal muscle.


Fluorescence emission and stopped-flow kinetic studies of the acid expansion of bovine serum albumin.


Effects of exogenus lithium upon lipid metabolism in rats fed atherogenetic diet. (preliminary note).


AV clinic: a model universe.

AV clinic: a model universe.


Chronicling the cleft-palate case. The television specialist joins the diagnostic team.


Ready, willing and able--the credo for photo staff success.


Senate hearings on program sponsorship: a bitter pill for the pharmaceutical industry?


Professional competence and the professional organization. Editorial.


The role of the lawyer in mental health advocacy.


Patients' rights and the psychiatrist's dilemma.


Legislative liaison as critical intervention.


Juvenile court: a behavioral science perspective.


Juvenile court: a lawyer's reply to the behavioral science perspective.


Guardian's authority to involuntarily hospitalize the incompetent ward.


The battered child syndrome--some research aspects.


Adolescent psychopathology in a family court.


On the distinction between medical and legal diagnosis.


An analysis of demographic variables in adolescent defendants evaluated in a forensic psychiatry clinic.


Justice is not a psychiatric term.

Justice is not a psychiatric term.


Public enemy no. 1 to community and mental health: the automobile.


The devil's advocate.

The devil's advocate.


The right to refuse psychiatric treatment: a clinical perspective.


Collaboration between psychiatry and the law: a study of 100 referrals to a court clinic.


Peripheral occlusive arterial disease in Sri Lanka.


Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in the Hindagala community health project area.


Preventive aspects of paediatric surgery.


Vaginal sterilisation.

Vaginal sterilisation.


A comparative trial of sulphadoxine and tetracycline in the treatment of cholera.


A case of ulcerative colitis.

A case of ulcerative colitis.


Group therapy training in a mental hospital.


Toward evaluating the meaningfulness of legal counsel for psychiatric patients.


Infantile glaucoma associated with neonatal rubella.


The ombudsman in mental health: Lakeshore's experience.


The evolution of the legal status of mental patients in Quebec and Ontario--a comparison.


Is Tylenol (et al) any better than aspirin?


Swine flu: did Uncle Sam buy a pig in a poke?


Steroid-induced, steroid-producing, and steroid-responsive tumors.


Radioiodinated estrogens and antiestrogens as potential imaging agents.


Selecting endocrine therapy in breast cancer.


Fractionation of diverse steroid-binding proteins: basic and clinical applications.


RNA synthesis in nuclei of rat liver and of human lymphocytes. Physico-chemical properties and RNA synthesis in the rat liver and human lymphocytes have been compared in a nuclear system in vitro. Human lymphocytes were isolated from blood of healthy donors and of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. The isolated nuclei served as the source of polymerase and template DNA. 3H-CTP was incorporated into the acid insoluble fraction linearly for 60 min. The nuclei of lymphocytes contained small amounts of RNA and protein, and the isolation procedure was complicated. Rat liver nuclei seem to be less prone to clumping at high pH values and may incorporate much more 3H-CTP. The nuclear synthesis was compared with incorporation of 3H-rU and 32P-orthophosphate into nuclear RNA of intact lymphocytes. Normal cells easily incorporated 32-P, and in contrast leukaemic cells incorporated 3H-rU to a greater extent.


Effect of aminonucleoside on the stability of rat liver ribosomal RNA to heating. High molecular weight ribosomal RNA has been isolated from normal rat liver and from the livers of rats treated with aminonucleoside. Melting curves of the rRNA from treated rat livers were shifted to higher temperatures. The melting temperatures were found to be 62.5 and 66 degrees C for normal and treated material respectively. The rRNA was heated at different temperatures and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In both normal and treated material, the 18 S was more stable in the treated material when compared with the control material.


Chloroplast fine structure in the japonica-2 maize mutant exposed to continuous illumination. 1. The green tissues. Exposure to continuous illumination causes the appearance of numerous plastoglobuli in the stroma of both the mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of the green tissues of the leaves of the japonica-2 mutant of maize. In the pale green tissues the thylakoids have markedly swollen membranes. Another feature of the plastids exposed to continuous illumination is the heavy accumulation of starch. The japonica-2 chloroplasts show a different sensitivity to light, the chloroplasts of the pale green tissues being affected more markedly than the ones of the dark green tissues, and the bundle sheath chloroplasts more than those of the mesophyll. The effects of continuous illumination may be interpreted as an acceleration of chloroplast ontogenesis.


Chloroplast fine structure in the japonica-2 maize mutant exposed to continuous illumination. 2. The white tissues. Exposure to continuous illumination causes an enhancement of thylakoid swelling in the mesophyll chloroplasts of the white tissues of the japonica-2 maize mutant. In the bundle sheath plastids the effects of continuous illumination are striking and intriguing, because a regular honeycomb-like fret of membranes is formed from a provesicular body. No interpretation of this fret of membranes is, at present, possible.


A scanning electron microscopic study of trichomes of IAA-induced tumours in bean embryos (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A scanning electron microscopic study of trichome morphology of bean embryo, growing in semi-solid synthetic medium, has been undertaken. The work shows some distinct differences in trichome morphology as well as variation in their development, due to the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).


Appearance and accumulation of the brain specific S 100 protein in the developing nervous systems of rat, rabbit and guinea pig. The appearance and accumulation of S 100 protein during postnatal development of rats and rabbit, and during pre- and postnatal development of guinea pig, was studied quantitatively by immunoelectrophoresis. High amounts of S 100 were found in newborn guinea pig brain. In rabbit and rat central nervous systems the content of S 100 rose linearily between the 1st and the 3rd and 4th weeks of postnatal life, respectively. From this later period to the adult animal there was a small increase in the amount of S 100 in rabbit and rat brain. The results of this study are compared with other studies on S 100 accumulation during postnatal development of rat, rabbit and guinea pig, using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic techniques.


Lymphocyte transformation in newborns, women and those who had used oral contraceptives. Lymphocyte transformation, utilizing the mitotic index parameter has been assessed in newborns' cord blood, adults and women who had been on oral contraceptives and their babies. The results show that the newborns' cord blood response is significantly higher to PHA when compared with the respective adults' response. No significant difference was observed between the women taking oral contraceptives and their respective controls. After delivery, 10 ml of blood was collected from mothers and 5 ml of cord blood from their babies.  Micro- and macromethods were used in setting up the blood cultures for chromosome preparations and mitotic indices.  Details of methods used are given.  The differences in mitotic indices in both blood culture methods between the mothers and newborns were statistically significant (.02  p  .01).  Dividing cells were obtained from all microcultures from newborn infants.  Some cultures from mothers were not readable.  Mitotic indices of 70 test mothers who had taken oral contraceptives and their babies were similar.  There was no depression of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response by the mothers who had used oral contraceptives previously or by their offspring.  Cord blood gave a higher response to PHA than did adult venous blood.  This higher response lends support to the belief that cellular immunity is evident in early postnatal life.


Structural and functional organization of the ovocytes in Trachurus trachurus trachurus L.


Treatment of traumatic urethral lesions. From 1955 to 1975 the author has treated 705 patients with stricture of the urethra. He has elaborated his own procedure consisting of radical excision of the stricture and scar tissues with end-to-end anastomosis. In cases of long strictures, reconstruction of the urethra has been by the use of a scrotal flap.


The importance of the bladder washout technique in the management of a solitary calyceal stone. Renal infection is an indication for surgical treatment of a solitary calyceal stone. It must be proved however, that the infection is localised to the kidney before deciding on operation, as this may be very difficult and produce severe complications. Bladder washout seems to be an excellent technique to differentiate the localisation of the infection.


Prevention of reflux by a ureteric intussusception valve: a preliminary study on dogs. In 10 dogs in anti-reflux procedure by intussusception of the ureter is examined. The surgical procedure is developed and the urinary flow and prevention of the anti-reflux valve are explored. The study shows that an invagination is technically possible and that reflux can be prevented in half the cases without significant obstruction of the urinary flow.


Management of ureteric obstruction in the solitary kidney by a segmental suspended ureteric prosthesis. Ureteric obstruction of a single kidney, secondary to an aorto-iliac bypass graft, was treated with a suspended segmentary ureteric prosthesis. No urinary stasis was observed during 1 year and the urodynamic implication are discussed.


The influence of various drugs on artificial oedema of the rat's bladder. An experimental oedema of the bladder wall was produced by electric coagulation current in 130 rats. The amount of oedema was calculated by determination of the difference between the weight of the freshly excised wet bladder and that after drying to constant weight. Thus, oedema of a fairly constant and reproducible amount could be produced. The effect of three different drugs on such oedema was tested (Na-Aescinat, 6-methylprednisolone, alpha-Chymotrase). After the application of Na-Aescinat and 6-methylprednisolone no significant oedema could be measured after 48 h. Using alpha-Chymotrase, there was no measurable influence on the oedema.


A successfully treated case of condyloma acuminatum of the urethra and urinary bladder. Condyloma acuminatum very seldom affects the urinary bladder, but if it does conservative treatment has been considered of little value and cystourethrectomy will eventually be required. A case with urethrovesical condyloma is presented, where repeated transurethral resections cured the patient.


Fibroelastosis of the posterior urethra associated with urinary, cardiac and digestive anomalies. A case of fibroelastosis of the posterior urethra associated with ectopic opening of the ureter of a solitary kidney in the urethra is described. Oesophageal atresia and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery were also observed. Management of fibroelastosis is pointed out.


A transpubic approach to radical prostatectomy. A transpubic approach to radical prostatectomy is presented in a series of 15 cases. The main advantages and some typical complications of this approach are described.


Studies on the incidence of normal and pathological termination of pregnancies in dairy animals.


Food quality and control. New developments in food production and processing techniques require new methods of control for consumer protection.


Mycotoxins: the FAO programme.

Mycotoxins: the FAO programme.


Evaluation of supplementary feeding programmes assisted by the World Food Programme.


On the localisation of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the testis of the skink, Mabuya carinata.


Absence of Leydig cells in the mature testis of the lizard Lygosoma himalayanum.


Morphology of cock spermatozoa in relation to fertility and hatchability of eggs.


A note on occurrence of immuno-reactive prolactin in bovine semem.


Effect of oxytocin on conception rate in buffaloes.


A note on partially defatted cow milk as a dilutor for buffalo bull semen preservation.


Cations of ram semen as related to some physical attributes.


Secondary sex ratio in Sahiwal cattle.

Secondary sex ratio in Sahiwal cattle.


A note on serum luteinizing hormone during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in Indian buffaloes.


A note on studies on factors affecting seminal traits in Nali rams.


Fructolysis index in the semen of buffalo, Jersey and Friesian cattle at different ages.


Spermatogenic cells of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testis.


Abortion laws in commonwealth countries.


World fertility, 1976: an analysis of data sources and trends.


The effects of ablation of the septal nuclei in the rat on circadian variation and stress response pattern of corticosterone, growth hormone and prolactin.


Twenty-two dimensions of the population problem.


Value of cyclic hormonal assessment by vaginal cytology in infertile women.


Action of prostaglandins on the contractility of pregnant human uterus.


Social aspect of family planning.

Social aspect of family planning.


Intra-amniotic injection of 20% mannitol for medical termination of pregnancy.


Some experience in legal abortions.

Some experience in legal abortions.


Vaginal ligation of tubes with termination of pregnancy.


Serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in normal pregnancy.


A comparative study of placental  villous changes in normal and abnormal pregnancies.


Clinical, hormonal and metabolic studies in patients undergoing second trimester abortion with prostaglndin F2 alpha, 15(S)-15-methyl0PGF2 alpha and hypertonic saline.


A clinical study on the mode of action of I.U.D.


Studies on serum lipids and lipase activity in women using oral contraceptives.


Clinico-bacteriological studies with intra-uterine administration of prostaglandin for induction of abortion.


Report on studies of immunological aspects of sterility.


Long term effect of intrauterine devices: cytomorphological and cytohormonal study.


Unexplained infertility and ABO blood group incompatibility.


Effects of Lippes loop--5 years and beyond.


Study of vaginal cells during menstrual cycle, normal and abnormal pregnancy.


Intrauterine contraceptive device-nuclei and nucleolar study of the endometrial glands after three years of use.


Menstrual regulation.

Menstrual regulation.


Male factor in sterility.

Male factor in sterility.


Evaluation of prostaglandin F2 alpha and hypertonic saline as abortifacients.


Hypertonic solutions in mid-trimester abortions a comparative analysis of different solutions and different methods.


Intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline through cervical canal.


Post-saline vaginal ligation of tubes.

Post-saline vaginal ligation of tubes.


Statistical evaluation of effectiveness and acceptability of IUCD programme.


The reproductive cycle in the male polecat Putorius putorius in Britain.


An in vitro method for screening compounds for the effect on the rate of sickling of erythrocytes. Since no practical animal model is available for the evaluation of compounds in vivo, we have developed an in vitro model for determining the effect of compounds on the rate of sickling of erythrocytes in whole blood taken from patients with sickle cell anaemia. RMI 6792 (a phenethanol-diamine derivative), procaine, and L-glutamine were tested in this in vitro system. RMI 6792 was tested at various concentrations in whole blood. The data indicate that RMI 6792 decreased the rate of sickling at and above 60 microgram/ml. Procaine slightly decreased sickling rate at 100 microgram/ml. L-glutamine at 555 had no inhibitory effect. RMI 6792 and procaine had no effect on the oxygen dissociation curve. RMI 6792 affected the calcium flux of the erythrocytes and the calcium concentration in the erythrocytes.


Serum quinidine levels after chronic administration of four different quinidine formulations. The serum levels produced by four different quinidine formulations have been studied. The relative bioavailability of the formulations was demonstrated as were the mean peak serum levels and their timing in relation to dosage. From the data obtained, the biological half-lives were measured and the apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were calculated for each formulation. The generic tablets of quinidine monosulphate from five different manufacturers were not significantly different from each other in any respect and produced the expected peak and trough serum level curves. The serum level curves resulting from administration of quinidine polygalacturonate (Cardioquin) were not significantly different from those resulting from the generic tablets, and this formulation may be regarded as therapeutically equivalent to the generic formulations. Both sustained-release formulations of quinidine bisulphate, Durettes and Kiditard (given at the same dosage) were shown to offer a means whereby, with simple twice-daily dosage, quinidine maintenance treatment may be continued with the confidence that the serum levels may be maintained throughout each 24-hour period without peaks into the toxic levels and troughs into the levels of no effect.


Systemic and coronary haemodynamic effects of the new hypotensive drug L 6150. The acute systemic and coronary haemodynamic effects of a new hypotensive drug L 6150 (3-hydrazino-6-[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]pyridazine) have been studied in six patients with renal or essential hypertension. The drug, administered intravenously at a dose of 2-9 mg, caused a marked hypotension and increase of cardiac output in five cases. Though left ventricular work was reduced or unchanged after the drug, myocardial blood flow increased markedly, coronary resistance decreased and coronary A-V oxygen difference decreased by about 50% indicating coronary vasodilation. When compared with the available data on the effects of hydrazinophthalazine, L 6150 appeared to have qualitatively similar effects, but a somewhat greater direct coronary vasodilator effect.


Pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin according to administration schedule. Thirty subjects, free of any heart, kidney or liver disease, were given the same dosage of amoxycillin--100 mg/kg/24 hr. The first ten were given the drug in three equal doses at 8-hourly intervals, a further ten in four doses at 6-hourly intervals, and the last ten in eight doses at 3-hourly intervals. The final administration schedule resulted in much higher and more regular serum levels of amoxycillin than the other two, suitable for the treatment of severe infectious conditions, and has the advantage of avoiding prolonged antibiotic infusions which are a source of venous complications in the patient. The first results obtained clinically, which will be published in a further paper, seem favourable.


A trial of Fortagesic and Paramol 118 in osteoarthritis. Fortagesic was compared with Paramol 118 in a fourteen day single-blind crossover study in patients with moderate pain due to osteoarthritis. Both preparations were shown to be similarly effective. More side-effects were seen with Paramol 118 than with Fortagesic and more patients preferred Fortagesic. These differences were not statistically significant, but it is concluded that Fortagesic is a useful effective analgesic for standard use in moderate pain.


Ovarian dysgerminoma, investigations on cell-and humoral-mediated immunologic reactions. A 17-year-old girl with repeated ovarian dysgerminoma is described. Postoperative immunologic investigations prior to irradiation showed a transient increased cell--an humoral--mediated immunologic responsiveness of the patient for approximately 2 1/2 months. After irradiation, a markedly defective response to PHA was observed which improved when reexamined 11 months later. The patient is well 22 months after the second operation.


Scrotal circumference measurements in 764 beef bulls.


Non-surgical recovery of bovine eggs.

Non-surgical recovery of bovine eggs.


New evidences on the first appearances of the semicircular duct, cristae and cupulae in human embryos.


Corpus luteum function in the guinea pig: effect of pgf2 alpha and inhibitors of prostaglandin and progesterone biosynthesis.


Critical closing pressure in the fetal vessels of the human placenta in vitro I. general characteristics, and spontaneous and induced variations.


Artificial insemination of sheep: the fertility of semen extended in diluents containing egg yolk and inseminated soon after dilution or stored at 5 degrees C for 24 or 48 hours.


Antibodies to egg yolk in blood serum of rabbits and cattle and cervical mucus of cattle inseminated artificially.


Experimental study of kanamycin concentration in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph in rabbits.


A case report of symptomless carcinoma developing in a pulmonary cyst.


A study of acid-base balance of cerebrospinal fluid in man.


A study of acid-base balance of CSF in man: "separated acidosis" in CSF in the case of brain abscess.


A case of double inferior venae cavae.

A case of double inferior venae cavae.


A case of cerebral abscess in a 2 month-old infant treated by a "perfusion method".


Motivation through behavior modification, part 2: Evaluation.


A study of acid-base balance and gases of CSF and arterial blood in cases of intracranial aneurysm in connection with neurosurgical operation.


Spotlight on the staff. Maintenance.

Spotlight on the staff. Maintenance.


Nursing in a specialty facility.

Nursing in a specialty facility.


Treating the total patient.

Treating the total patient.


Management by persuasion: prescription for the modern healthcare institution.


Motivation through behavior modification, part 1: The job contract.


Management of nursing care. Quality assurance: staff evaluation and a retrospective audit system.


Spotlight on the staff: fiscal services.


Emergency medical technicians.

Emergency medical technicians.


Split-cost accounting: a more precise and equitable way to assign patient costs.


U.S. using its clout to force revolution in blood banking.


Japan II: Physicians prosper from volume, 3rd party fees.


"...Nor any drop to drink".

"...Nor any drop to drink".


Reasons for "antibiotic failures".

Reasons for "antibiotic failures".


A basic body plan.

A basic body plan.


Pseudomonas in the hospital.

Pseudomonas in the hospital.


Managing neonatal infections.

Managing neonatal infections.


The case of the vesicocolic fistula.

The case of the vesicocolic fistula.


Generic drugs and the future of therapy.


Heart disease in the elderly.

Heart disease in the elderly.


Simultaneous multiple organ support.

Simultaneous multiple organ support.


Esophageal reflux: new concepts in medical management.


Organic brain syndromes in the aged.

Organic brain syndromes in the aged.


Urinary infection screening in infants.

Urinary infection screening in infants.


Circadian systems in man and their implications.


Lab utilization--the profit motive.

Lab utilization--the profit motive.


The case of the obstructed ureter.

The case of the obstructed ureter.


Current therapy of gout and hyperuricemia.


Very unnatural foods.

Very unnatural foods.


Zen and the art of getting into medical school.


Functional disorders in the elderly.

Functional disorders in the elderly.


Ultrasonic echography in renal disease.

Ultrasonic echography in renal disease.


National immunization for pandemic influenza.


Pneumonia syndromes in children.

Pneumonia syndromes in children.


Transcutaneous, noninvasive monitoring of pO2.


"Cheno" therapy for gallstones: where the Cooperative Study now stands.


Stroke in the geriatric patient.

Stroke in the geriatric patient.


Arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic therapy in context.


Bureaucracy afloat on a "Dead Sea".

Bureaucracy afloat on a "Dead Sea".


Managing chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression in cancer.


GI problems in children: I.

GI problems in children: I.


Suppression of immune responsiveness by a submandibular salivary gland factor. Both tissue extracts prepared from submandibular salivary glands of male mice and epidermal growth factor isolated from these glands depressed the delayed type hypersensitivity response to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene in mice. Extirpation of the submandibular salivary glands from male mice did not alter the delayed type hypersensitivity response. The role of salivary gland factors, particularly epidermal growth factor, in influencing the immune response has been discussed.


Evidence for the genetic control of antibody affinity from breeding studies with inbred mouse strains producing high and low affinity antibody. The amount (Abt) and relative affinity (KR) of antibody produced in response to protein antigens injected in saline has been measured in the parents, F1 hybrids and backcross offspring of inbred mice which produce high and low KR antibody to these antigens. The results obtained support the view that antibody affinity is under polygenic control. Furthermore, strain related variation in Abt is independent of KR and the breeding experiments indicate that these two parameters are under independent genetic control.


Thymic hormone activity and spontaneous autoimmunity in dwarf mice and their littermates. Serum thymic hormone activity (TA) was determined in hereditary hypopituitary dwarf mice (dw/dw) and their littermates (+/dw or +/+). It was found to be very low in the dwarf animals in comparison to their littermates. At 14 weeks of age, the dwarf littermates exhibited significant glomerular lesions characterized by deposits of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA, IgM and C3, which were augmented by thymectomy of adult females. In contrast, hypopituitary dwarf mice had minimal glomerular deposits of immunoglobulins. Unlike these animals, their littermates showed antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies in their serum. The present findings are discussed in relation to recent hypotheses on: (1) the role of the hypophysis in thymus-dependent immunological functions; and (2) the significance of T-cell deficiency in the development of autoimmunity.


Demonstration of thymus-independent immune system in Xenopus laevis. Response to polyvinylpyrrolidone. Larvae of Xenopus laevis were thymectomized at stage 45 (4 days old), and raised beyond metamorphosis. Thymectomized toads, when injected with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), produced the same titres of antibodies as non-thymectomized animals, providing strong evidence that the thymus-independent immune response is present in this anuran. Antibodies were of exclusively high molecular weight, heat-stable, and 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive. After immunization, lymphoid accumulations were evident in the splenic white pulp of both thymectomized and non-thymectomized toads, but in the red pulp the accumulations were prominent only in non-thymectomized toads.


Bangladesh: a few healthy islands in a sea of misery. The desperate economic and health situation in Bangladesh is described.  The country is the most densely populated of any on earth and the 8th most populous in the world.  Dr. T. Hossain, Secretary of Health and Family Planning, has established an organization of family welfare workers who take health improvement measures and general life improvement techniques, e.g., agricultural instruction, to the countryside.  The work of other concerned doctors is described.


A phagocytosis-enhancing factor in human plasma. A phagocytosis-enhancing factor (PEF) with the capacity to stimulate the ingestion of sensitized sheep erythrocytes by human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes has been isolated from human plasma by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and filtration on Sephadex G-150 and Sephadex G-100. PEF is a protein of approximately 70,000 molecular weight which is susceptible to inactivation by heating at 60 degrees or by tryptic digestion. PEF promotes phagocytosis of erythrocytes sensitized with intact 7S antibody or bearing the C3b complement fragment, but not of unsensitized erythrocytes or erythrocytes sensitized with 19S antibody. The specificity of PEF interaction with target erythrocytes and the persistence of its stimulatory effect after the target cells are washed suggest that it promotes phagocytosis by an action on the erythrocytes.


A lipid chemotactic factor from anaerobic coryneform bacteria including Corynebacterium parvum with activity for macrophages and monocytes. A lipid with chemoattractant (chemotactic) activity for mouse and guinea-pig macrophages and for human blood monocytes is released by anaerobic coryneform bacteria (including Corynebacterium parvum). The active lipid is associated with fibrillar structures which lie on the outside of the bacterial cell and are released spontaneously during growth. The lipid can also be extracted easily by a number of methods. The fibrils are loosely associated with a capsule-like structure composed largely of polysaccharide. Purification of the active lipid was achieved by chloroform-methanol extraction of the whole organisms yielding a chloroform-soluble fraction attracting mononuclear phagocytes at concentrations around 10 microgram/ml. The infra-red spectrum of this material showed lipid but no peptide or sugar. Thin-layer chromatography yielded twelve spots of which three had chemoattractant properties. The most active of these gave staining reactions consistent with the presence of phospholipid, the other two probably contained free fatty acids and triglycerides. Thin-layer electrophoresis also yielded an active phosphorus-containing spot. Saturated fatty acids of chain lengths found in the anaerobic coryne forms had weak monocyte-attractant activity. As the active material was progressively purified, its activity as a monocyte attractant weakened.


Quantitative and qualitative effects of cyclophosphamide administration on circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) on the absolute numbers and function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) surviving in the circulation following either a single dose (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or daily administration (20 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 days) was studied in the guinea-pig. The quantitative effect of CY on peripheral blood leucocytes was assessed by measuring the absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes daily for 5 days following the initial injection of CY. The qualitative effects of CY on PMN function were determined by measuring the ability of these cells to function as killer cells. The two functional assays employed were the PMN-mediated PHA-induced cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays against chicken erythrocyte targets. Both regimens of CY administration produced an equivalent degree of leukopenia 5 days after the initial injection with disproportionately severe neutropenia (less than 300 PMN/mm3). However, neither regimen of CY administration produced a significant decrease in cytotoxic effector function as measured through a wide range of effector to target cell ratios, PHA concentrations, and antiserum dilutions. These findings have clinical relevance in that they demonstrate the dichotomy between the quantitative and qualitative effects of (CY) on PMNs in that CY administration can dramatically decrease the absolute numbers of circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes while leaving intact certain effector cell functional capabilities of those PMN surviving in the circulation during drug administration.


Reaction of an activated complex of guinea-pig complement components, C56, with unsensitized erythrocytes and with erythrocytes carrying C3b molecule. During the interaction of guinea-pig complement intermediate cells, EAC423, with guinea-pig C5 and C6, an activated complex of C5 and C6, C56, was demonstrated in the fluid phase of the reaction mixture. C56 also was eluted from EAC42356 which had been generated by the interaction of EAC423 with C5 and C6. Both preparations of C56 showed quite similar characteristics and were not distinguished from one another. Both were capable of reacting with unsensitized erythrocytes (E) in the presence of C7 to form EC567. Further, they were able to react with EAC43 in the absence of C7 to form EAC43568 but did react with EAC43 pretreated with C3b inactivator, dithiothreitol or N-bromosuccinimide. These results indicate that guinea-pig C56 generated on EAC423 has a tendency to dissociate into the fluid phase. Nevertheless, the dissociated C56 can bind again to intact C3b molecule on the cells. The ability of cell-bound C3b to combine with C56 may lead to localization of C56 to the cell membrane carrying C3b, resulting in acceleration of attachment of C567 to the membrane. This assumption could be supported by the finding that the replacement of E by EAC43 increased the susceptibility of the cells to lytic action of complement induced by cobra venom factor. Thus, a new function of cell-bound C3b as localizing C56 to the membrane of sensitized cells was indicated.


Local immunity in the respiratory tract of the chicken. I. Transudation of circulating antibody in normal and virus-infected birds. Three-week-old chickens were given sheep erythrocytes or bovine serum albumin intravenously. Seven days later their tears and saliva possessed low levels of antibody to those antigens. Concurrent infection with lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused a significant increase in transuded antibody in those fluids. In chickens with circulating antibody to NDV, induced by parenterally administered inactivated vaccine, respiratory infection with heterologous infectious bronchitis virus resulted in limited transudation of anti-NDV. In contrast, the tears, saliva and tracheal fluid of non-vaccinated chickens undergoing primary infection with NDV acquired considerable levels of specific anti-NDV. The difference between the two groups is attributed to locally synthesized antibody.


Immune response in the garter snake (Thamnophis ordinoides). Garter snakes (Thamnophis ordinoides) were immunized with hen egg albumin, human gamma-globulin and Keyhole limpet haemocyanin in Freund's adjuvant. Antibody was consistently detected by radioimmunoelectrophoresis and in three different gamma- and beta-globulin precipitin lines called IgM (approximately or equal to 20S), Ig-1 (approximately or equal to 9S) and Ig-2 (approximately or equal to 8-5S). Early antibody (day 31 after immunization) was frequently Ig-M whereas Ig-2 and especially Ig-1 were detectable for the longest duration (992 days). After immunization with antigen in Freund's adjuvant, Ig-1 serum concentration showed the greatest increase, from almost undetectable levels to the most prominent immunoglobulin in immune serum.


Intracellular modifications induced in mouse submaxillary glands by antibodies directed against saliva. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether an antibody directed against the exocrine secretion, saliva, is able to induce a modification in vivo within the specific cells of the submaxillary glands which synthesize this secretion. The salivary antigens synthesized within the glandular acinar cells are secreted into their respective lumen and are not present in the general circulation or in the intercellular spaces of the gland. When heterologous anti-saliva antibodies are injected into mice, they induce marked lesions within the acinar cells of the submaxillary glands. When different antibodies recognizing different salivary components are injected, they all induce similar modifications; it is not yet possible to distinguish whether different cells are involved in the synthesis of the different salivary components. The lesions described seem specific since other organs studied, such as the pancreas and the stomach, are unaffected. The different possible mechanisms of this cytotoxic effect are discussed.


Specific suppression of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to collagen in guinea-pigs after immunization with collagen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Partial suppression of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to collagen in guinea-pigs was induced by pre-immunization with collagen and FIA. This suppression is specific since: (a) pretreatment with OA and FIA or FIA alone did not cause suppression of skin reactions to collagen; (b) suppression was observed only if the collagen used for pretreatment was from the same species as that employed for sensitization for delayed hypersensitivity reactions; and (c) animals with depressed skin reactivity to collagen reacted normally to PPD. The suppression is not mediated by inducible, circulating antibodies to collagen since: (a) antibody titres measured by passive haemagglutination did not correlate with the degree of suppression; (b) suppression was observed with collagen in random coil conformation which sensitizes guinea-pigs for delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction but does not induce antibodies to denatured collagen; (c) best suppression was obtained if the animals were pretreated with collagen and FIA 3 days before the sensitizing injection; and (d) passively transferred antibody from animals with suppressed skin reactivity did not suppress skin reactivity of animals made hypersensitive to collagen by injection of collagen and FCA.


Further characterization of IgA in chicken serum and secretions with evidence of a possible analogue of mammalian secretory component. Immunochemical studies of the intestinal secretory immune system of the chicken have led to further characterization of IgA in bile, intestinal contents and serum. A component was detected in late Sephadex G-200 fractions of caecal and intestinal contents which showed partial identity with bile, intestinal and a high molecular weight fraction of serum IgA. This component showed similar sedimentation characteristics to bovine serum albumin in sucrose density gradients, a fast electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gel and is a possible analogue of mammalian secretory component (SC). Fractionation of serum from birds affected with infectious synovitis revealed two moleculare classes of IgA. Comparative double diffusion studies produced a reaction of complete identity between bile IgA and high molecular weight serum IgA (15S) and partial identity with low molecular weight serum IgA (7S), suggesting a lack of an SC determinant on the latter. A spur of partial identity between 15S and 7S serum IgA was also observed. Although no direct structural homology with mammalian or human IgA could be demonstrated by immunological cross-reactivity, the similarities of molecular characteristics, particularly emphasized by the presence of a secretory component, favour a functional analogy between the secretory immune system of the fowl and mammalian species.


Studies on the role of suppressor cells in specific unresponsiveness to DNCB. Lymph nodes--and to a lesser extent spleen cells--from guinea-pigs tolerant to DNCB contact sensitivity, when injected into normal syngeneic guinea-pigs, decrease the ability of the recipients to become sensitized to contact with DNCB. The difference between the complete tolerance transferred by parabiosis with tolerant partners and the partial tolerance induced by transfer of tolerant cells can be explained by the different numbers of cells homing in the recipients. The tolergen does not play any role in the transfer of tolerance.


The nature of the local immune system of the bovine small intestine. In an examination of the immunoglobulins of the small intestine of calve, IgG1 was the major immunoglobulin in the secretions, and IgA was present in smaller amounts. Immunohistochemical studies showed few IgA containing plasma cells but many cells that stained with anti-IgG antiserum. Histological evidence of transport of IgG1 across the crypt epithelial cell was found. Studies with 125I-labelled IgG1 indicated that a significant proportion of IgG1 in the intestine originated in serum.


Specialized structure and metabolic activities of high endothelial venules in rat lymphatic tissues. Microscopic, histochemical and ultrastructural techniques were used to define characteristics of high endothelial venules (HEV) in rat lymphatic tissues. This endothelium contained acetyl esterase and acid hydrolase activities which were not altered by lymphocyte depletion. No immunoglobulins were detected on luminal surfaces of HEV by fluorescent antibody staining. Only minor structural differences were seen between HEV within lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. At both sites, high endothelial cells were linked together by macular junctional complexes and interlocking basal foot processes. Endothelial cell cytoplasm moulded about surfaces of lymphocytes migrating through the venular wall, and flocculant deposits of basement membrane formed over lymphocytes penetrating the basal lamina. The endothelium was ensheathed by three to five layers of overlapping reticular cell plates and connective tissue. Each plate was linked to the reticular meshwork of the node by collagen bundles and anchoring filaments which inserted into the plate's external limiting membrane. This permitted individual paltes to separate or approximate each other as tissue and intravascular pressure varied, and lymphocytes moved across the sheath by insinuating themselves into gaps between overlapping plates. This composite structure of the HEV wall appeared to facilitate lymphocyte entry into the node and minimized vascular leakge.


Effect of certain dilutors on the morphology of ram spermatozoa on preservation at 5 degrees C.


Requirements of buffalo spermatozoa under storage.


The circadian variations of the rates of excretion of urinary electrolytes and of deep body temperature. 53 apparently healthy subjects were studied for control spans of between 60 and 184 hours while they followed a regular pattern of meals, ambulance and sleep before experiments on altered time schedules. Urine was collected and deep body temperature was measured every 2 hours while they were awake, and in some rectal temperature was also recorded during sleep. Urine was analysed for sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate and creatinine and in 26 subjects also for calcium and uric acid. The rhythms of temperature, urine flow, and rate of excretion of each urinary solute, are presented as consinors. The two rhythms most closely linked were of excretion of chloride and sodium; the choloride acrophase led the sodium acrophase by one a half hours.


Effects of meal timing on circadian rhythms in 9 physiologic variables of young healthy but obese women on a calorie restricted diet.


Two biological rhythms of perception distinguishing between intact and relatively damaged brain function in man. A simple test of perception, the Critical Flicker Fusion threshold (CFF) was given successively for 20 mins. to 69 healthy subjects aged 7-63 and to 53 comparable neuropsychiatric patients. The latter could be divided into a functionally sick group and a group with brain damage. Auto-correlation analysis revealed significant sine-wave cycles of amplitude and ultradian frequency for the CFF mean scores and the CFF "Scatter* scores. Both cycles of recurrence showed frequencies which distinguished significantly between the total healthy subjects and the patients. Further analysis showed no difference between controls and emotionally sick patients (i.e. those with sociopathy, schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis) but there was a highly significant difference between these three groups and patients with relatively damaged C.N.S. (i.e. those with mental deficiency, organic brain syndrome and organic dementia). Even among the control group a progressive increase in frequency of these perceptual cycles occurred with advancing age. These CFF results point to the existence of a cycle of perceptual acuity and another of vigilance in the organism. Both appear to relate to the neural integrity of the C.N.S.


A chronobiological investigation of fitness for work in women on a 220 cal 24 h protein diet. In a group of nine healthy but obese women a set of tests were used to estimate several physiological and psycho-physiological variables: self-rating of hunger, mood and physical vigor, self-recording of grip-strength, muscular fatigue test, eye-hand skill, tempo, etc. Measurements were performed every 6-hours, at fixed times, during 24-hours, once a week, before (non-restricted spontaneous food intake) and for three weeks on a 220 cal. special protein diet (calcium caseinate: 55g, associated with potassium salts, water and vitamins). Findings relating to the metabolic and hormonal variables while on this diet have already been reported: (a) The diet does not alter the circadian acrophase (peak) of the variables and (b) two distinct metabolic steps occur: first a peak of gluconeogenesis and second, a phase when ketone bodies and fatty acids are used almost exclusively as source of fuel. The present findings show that so long as nitrogen remains in balance this restricted diet (a) does not change the grip strength and the muscular fatigue test; (b) does not alter the mood, the physical vigor etc. and (c) induces a statistically significant fall in "hunger" (self-rating method). We conclude that this low protein diet is compatible with non-strenuous work.


A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. An English language self-assessment Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire is presented and evaluated against individual differences in the circadian vatiation of oral temperature. 48 subjects falling into Morning, Evening and Intermediate type categories regularly took their temperature. Circadian peak time were identified from the smoothed temperature curves of each subject. Results showed that Morning types and a significantly earlier peak time than Evening types and tended to have a higher daytime temperature and lower post peak temperature. The Intermediate type had temperatures between those of the other groups. Although no significant differences in sleep lengths were found between the three types, Morning types retired and arose significantly earlier than Evening types. Whilst these time significatly correlated with peak time, the questionnaire showed a higher peak time correlation. Although sleep habits are an important déterminant of peak time there are other contibutory factors, and these appear to be partly covered by the questionnaire. Although the questionnaire appears to be valid, further evaluation using a wider subject population is required.


The chronomutagenic effect of deuterium oxide on the period and entrainment of a biological rhythm. II. The reestablishment of lost entrainment by artificial LD cycles. Mice caused to ingest 25% or 30% deuterium oxide could no longer be entrained to a 12:12 light-dark cycle. Reentrainment could be established by artificially lengthening the light-dark cycle from a natural 24-hours one, to LD 13:13 or 14:14. It is noted that the relationship between biological rhythms and the ambient LD cycle is strikingly similar to that between coupled unidirectional physical oscillators. It is concluded that while the similarity between the responses of a great many organismic rhythms to deuterium oxide administration suggests that the biological clocks of all organisms are very similar, if not the same, a substance with more specificity to key biological processes than D2O will be required to eventually elucidate the escapement mechanism of the enigmatic living clock.


Irradiation-induced changes in circadian DDT-susceptibility and metabolic rhythms in the housefly. The diel pattern of susceptibility to DDT of houseflies, reared under LD 14 : 10, was shown to be affected by 10 Krads of gamma radiation administered at the pupal stage. An additional peak in susceptibility of the flies to DDT corresponded to the time of irradiation of the pupae. Irradiated flies had higher general LD50 values than untreated flies. Flies reared in darkness demonstrated no discernable group rhythm apart from an altered susceptibility at the pupal irradiation time. Respiration rates of irradiated flies were slightly lower than the control flies and did not change at the time of irradiation. Groups of flies reared in darkness have no significant respiration rhythm.


Acetabulaira mediterranea: circadian rhythms of photosynthesis and associated changes in molecular structure of the thylakoid membranes. Acetabularia mediterranea algae, grown in three different light-dark regimes, were frozen in liquid nitrogen at c.t.(1) 0 and c.t. 6 and a record made of 77 degrees K fluorescence emission spectra of their chloroplasts. Algae grown under LD cycles exhibited a clear circadian rhythm of oxygen production. The low temperature fluorescence emission spectrum at c.t.0 was different from that at c.t.6 and this difference was increased by submitting the algae to successive "freeze-thaw" treatment. Similar results were obtained in DD, and the photosynthesis rhythm remained fully expressed. Algae grown in LL, where no rhythm of photosynthesis could be detected in the samples because there is a great individual variability in period lenght under these conditions, exhibited a similar difference in their low temperature flourescence emission spectra between c.t.0 and c.t.6. We conclude that the circadian rhythm in low-temperature fluorescence emission of the chloroplasts in Acetabularia is related to the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis.


On putrefactions and floatations of dead bodies under water (supplement).


Platelet migration inhibition test for platelet antibodies...parameters and simplified methodology.


An autopsy case of sacrococcygeal teratoma with overgrowth of immature tissue.


Protection against alloxan inhibition of insulin release by glucose, cytochalasin B and diphenylhydantoin.


The impaired insulin release in response to oral glucose in patients with gastric ulcer.


Hypnosis therapy for ciliary spasm.

Hypnosis therapy for ciliary spasm.


Impact testing of ophthalmic lenses: stress distribution and the "search" theory. Elementary concepts in fracture mechanics, stress analysis, and impact are discussed as they pertain to fracture of lenses in drop ball testing. Quasi-static estimates for stress distributions during impact are obtained. These profiles show a sharp peak in the tensile stress under the impact point. Identical groups of lenses were impact tested in two different modes: 1) 25 impacts at a single spot on the lens, 2) 1 impact at each of 25 different spots. Much more breakage was observed in the latter group. Both the experimental and analytical considerations lend support to the "search" theory of drop ball testing--fracture occurs when the ball strikes a weak spot (where there exists a sufficiently severe flaw) on the lens. Lenses which pass an impact test may well have dangerous flaws away from the impact point.


A new technique for detection of early central serous retinopathy.


Use of a pupillary lens in aphakia.

Use of a pupillary lens in aphakia.


Culture and the development of vision.

Culture and the development of vision. Given Chinese ethnographic data, a model of a style of visual performance was predicted. The prediction was that the style would be "inwardizing". Inwardizing was related to individual styles of social behavior as observed in optometric offices. A complete 21-point optometric examination was performed on Chinese subjects and the results were compared to a control group of American subjects. Throughout the optometric examination the Chinese subjects displayed the predicted pattern of inwardizing visual performance. That physiologically measurable patterns of visual performance could be predicted on the basis of ethnographic data gives experimental support to the anthropological assumption of reciprocity between biology and culture. The discovery of a culturally determined pattern of visual performance beyond the work already done with various isolated refractive conditions and the observed relationship of this to patterns of social behavior pose interesting tasks for anthropology, optometry and other professions. First, there is need for further investigation of 1) the role of culture in determining visual performance and 2) the relationship of visual performance patterns to social behavior, beyond that which has already been done, for example, with myopia and hyperopia. Then there is need to incorporate these new areas of knowledge into all fields dealing with human behavior.


Ethics and the consumer.

Ethics and the consumer.


Systemic arterial blood pressure and its relevance to optometric practice. The measurement of systemic blood pressure is a very significant detection test that can provide a great deal of information for the optometrist. The blood pressure readings can be critical in aiding the practitioner's evaluation of both the patient's visual health and related systemic condition and in indicating the possible need for referral. This paper presents a general survey of the benefits blood pressure measurements can provide in the optometric practice.


Clinical manifestations of visual information processing: part I. This paper discusses three aspects of visual information processing and their significance to clinical optometric practice. It analyzes the factors involved in central-peripheral organization, pictorial-linguistic interaction and total versus partial utilization os sensorimotor information as they relate to perceptual style and visual function. It emphasizes these factors as possibly being the commonalities behind many of the divergent yet generally successful theoretical frameworks and techniques utilized in optometric diagnosis and therapy.


Should there be a restriction of optometric treatment? The restriction of optometric services in third party payment programs is of considerable concern to the profession. Limitations placed on the type and amount of lens prescriptions which can be provided is not in the best interest of the patient. Those outside the profession of optometry must be made aware of the significance of ophthalmic lens prescriptions in terms of total visual performance rather than mere correction of "significant" refractive errors.


Research in orthokeratology. Part III: results and observations. The effects of contact lenses, fitted by defined conventional and orthokeratological techniques, are given and compared to a group of non-contact lens wearers. Data presented include changes in corneal curvature, topography, refraction and astigmatism. General trends and variability of data are discussed in conjunction with pertinent clinical observations for the three test groups.


Tear breakup time and the Schirmer tear test. An analysis of tear film breakup time (BUT) and the Schirmer tear test in 40 optometric students demonstrated that BUT cannot be used as a tear quantity indicator.


The interpretation of systemic arterial blood pressure. Part III: hypertension retinopathy. Systemic blood pressure is a vital sign and fundamental variable and as such the areas of its involvement in all individuals are indeed multifaceted. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interpretation of systemic blood pressure readings as they specifically relate to a detailed analysis of hypertensive retinopathy.


A descriptive epidemiological study of optometry services in the Birmingham Veterans Administration Hospital. The Optometry Service in the Birmingham Veterans Administration Hospital has been delivering comprehensive vision care to outpatients and inpatients for almost 3 years. The veteran population receiving care and the optometric services provi4ed are described.


The rural optometrist: who and why?

The rural optometrist: who and why? A first step toward the goal of better optometric manpower distribution is the identification of variables associated with the optometrist's choice of practice location. This study focuses on the optometrist who chooses a rural practice location and on ways in which the rural optometrist differs from the non-rural optometrist. One hundred sixty optometrists practicing in rural locations in ten states answered questions about their background, mode of optometric practice, attitude toward the environment, interests, and personality traits. Rural optometrists were found to differ from other optometrists in their rural origin, their strong liking for the people and life style of the rural community, and their interest in outdoor pursuits. Community recognition as a health professional, rapid practice growth, professional independence, and the opportunity for community leadership were seen by the rural optometrist as major advantages of rural optometric practice.


Notes from NYC's fiscal crisis: North Central Bronx Hospital fiasco.


Preservation of Jersey bull semen at ambient temperature in Russian dilutor.


The fear of extinction.

The fear of extinction.


Ford-Carter checklist on health issues.

Ford-Carter checklist on health issues.


Optometry and NHI--where are we going.

Optometry and NHI--where are we going. The author reviews and estimates the overall trend toward some form of national health entitlement against a background of optometry's position on this issue. He summarizes how optometric services are included in most major NHI bills, and explains the relationship to NHI of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. Stressed are the needs for optometry to more accurately describe its own role and to continue active interest in the NHI issue.


A preliminary report of posterior corneal changes occurring in SOFLENS wearers.


Disaster in plastic. The vinyl chloride coverup.


Optometry and the military.

Optometry and the military. This article comments on several of the major issues facing military optometry which were aired earlier this year at the AOA Federal Service Optometry Seminar. Among these issues, all of which influence recruitment and retention of optometry officers, are constructive credit, bonus and incentive pay, promotion policies, and optimum scope of care. Dr. Turner emphasizes that solutions to these problem areas depend not only upon AOA actions but also personal efforts and professionalism of military OD's.


Optometry in 1976--like the old country in 1948.


Professional participation in HMO's.

Professional participation in HMO's. As HMO's spring up throughout the country, a conflict between state and federal laws becomes evident. The traditional standards of practice by which the solo practitioner abides may no longer be enforceable against those physicians, dentists, and optometrists working in HMO's.


Rationalizing the delivery of eye care--part I. The often proclaimed health care crisis has led to a variety of efforts to reorganize and rationalize the existing health care system. One such effort has been to develop a conceptual model for the delivery of personal health services in which the region is the fundamental planning unit and levels of care form its organizational framework. Three levels of care are defined--primary, secondary, and tertiary--each level being based on a combination of the frequency with which a service is needed and its professional and technical sophistication. The regionalization of health services would serve to "achieve a balance between the public's request for decentralized resources and the centralization required so that they may be used efficiently."


Comprehensive vision care: a model.

Comprehensive vision care: a model. This paper suggests a model for the practice of vision care in which the optometrist and ophthalmologist are each used to maximum advantage. It is demonstrated how the present antagonism between the two fields can be removed with a resultant enhancement of the practice of both optometry and ophthalmology. The natural outcome of the new relationship will be better vision care for the public.


HMO--here's what it's all about.

HMO--here's what it's all about.


Health planning and resources development: an opportunity for optometry. The American Optometric Association views the goal of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974, as the promotion of physical, emotional and environmental health for all. The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act will work towards this goal by identifying problems, preparing reports and studies and developing recommendations for implementation directed toward solving the problems. These functions will be carried out in collaboration with private and governmental individuals and organizations concerned with health care services. Only through this coordinated effort will success be achieved.


The philosophy of contact lens fitting--updated.


The contact lens of the future.

The contact lens of the future.


Malignant hypertension.

Malignant hypertension.


Contact lenses in review: 1975.

Contact lenses in review: 1975.


Optometric manpower development and utilization: a look toward the future. This paper attempts to discuss in detail the rise in demand for optometric services and the manpower problems of the future. A proposal for the rational future development of optometric manpower has been made. Hopefully optometry will be able to consider its future development and scope of practice, and the types of changes to be made as the profession prepares for its increasing role in providing quality vision care to all Americans.


The physiology of contact lens systems.

The physiology of contact lens systems.


Importance of oxygen in contact lens wear.


Psychology and contact lenses.

Psychology and contact lenses.


Corneal edema from hard and hydrogel contact lenses.


The effect of contact lenses on visual function.


Refitting the contact lens patient.

Refitting the contact lens patient.


The Bausch & Lomb SOFLENS (R) contact lens.


Continuous wear of contact lenses.

Continuous wear of contact lenses.


The Aquaflex hydrophilic contact lens.

The Aquaflex hydrophilic contact lens.


The Softcon (TM) lens...an overview.

The Softcon (TM) lens...an overview.


The Durasoft (TM) contact lens.

The Durasoft (TM) contact lens.


Development of the GELFLEX contact lens.


Hydrocurve.

Hydrocurve.


Low vision care and contact lenses.

Low vision care and contact lenses.


Thin lens rationale projected.

Thin lens rationale projected.


Sophistication and contact lenses.

Sophistication and contact lenses.


Bifocal contact lenses--principles of fitting.


Ballasted cylindrical lenses.

Ballasted cylindrical lenses.


The control of presbyopia without bifocals.


Scleral lenses.

Scleral lenses.


Aspheric and ellipsoidal corneal lenses.


A personal overview of toroidal contact lenses.


Stability--a prerequisite for fitting success.


Soft lenses in anterior segment pathology.


The Rynco (TM) RX-56 lens.

The Rynco (TM) RX-56 lens.


PMMA material.

PMMA material.


Fitting techniques for the hydrophilic lens.


Standardizing lens position and fit.

Standardizing lens position and fit.


The visual Rx.

The visual Rx.


Lens size consideration, hard and soft lenses.


Fluorescein: pattern analysis and staining.


Centering the contact lens--rigid and flexible.


Venting and fenestration.

Venting and fenestration.