Estrogens and endometrial cancer: aspects of etiology and survival rate. With a clinical study it could be demonstrated, that the frequency of diabetes hypertension, estrogen effect in the vaginal smear and proliferative changes of the endometrium was significantly higher in patients with endometrial cancer than in a control group (p less than or equal to 0.001). Obesity was also significantly more frequent (0.02 less than p less than 0.01). In vitro studies demonstrated a significantly higher aromatization of androstendione to estrone in adipose tissue of endometrial cancer patients (p less than 0.01), indicating etiologic correlations between endometrial cancer and extraglandular estrone production. An additional clinical study indicated a better 5-years-survival rate if parameters, indicating endogenous estrogen effect were present. 142 patients with endometrial cancer, and an equal size control group, were compared in regard to age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, vaginal cytology, and endometrial histology.  In a 2nd study, 335 patients with endometrial cancer were treated with abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and radiation applications.  In an experimental study, the percent of conversion of androstenedione to estrone in subcutaneous adipose tissue in 20 patients was studied using an in vitro method.  The 1st clinical study showed that the frequency of diabetes, hypertension, the estrogen effect in the vaginal smear, and proliferative changes in the endometrium were significantly higher than in the control group.  Obesity was also more frequent.  The 2nd clinical study showed a survival rate of more than 5 years in certain parameters.  The experimental in vitro study showed a higher aromatization of androstenedione to estrone in cancer patients, indicating etiological correlations between endometrial cancer and extraglandular estrone production.


Effect of a Rauscher leukemia virus vaccine upon chemical oncogenesis in the mouse. The concept that type-C RNA viruses serve as determinants of chemically induced cancer would be supported if immunization against such viruses reduced the incidence of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. A formalin vaccine was employed which was able to protect mice against the development of virus-induced Rauscher leukemia: 8/12 vaccinated mice survived versus 1/12 controls. When mice so immunized were challenged with near-threshold doses of chemical carcinogen, sarcoma incidence and death latency did not differ between vaccinated and control groups: within 10 months, a 320 mug dose of methylcholanthrene induced 100% sarcomas in both groups, while a 64 mug dose induced 62% and 65% tumors in vaccinated and control mice respectively. Thus, a relevant postulate of the oncogene hypothesis could not be supported by these studies. Formalin treatment neutralizes the oncogenic effect of mouse leukemia viruses yiwlding preparations that are immunogenic and can be successfully used as vaccines to protect against virus-induced leukemia (5). The finding of murine leukemia viruses in chemically induced tumors (1, 2) poses the question of whether these viruses are present in the tumors as passengers, or whether they are etiologically involved in the process of tumor induction. An approach to answering this question would be to challenge with chemical carcinogens mice which have been vaccinated with leukemia virus. If the virus were somehow involved in tumor induction, antiviral immunization might conceivably interfere with chemical carcinogenesis. Whitmire and Huebner (9) have reported that mice immunized with formalin-treated leukemia viruses, become resistant to sarcomagenesis by methylcholanthrene. Repetition of this experiment by Gericke and Chandra (6) gave non-significant differences between experimental and control groups. The present paper deals with the effect of immunization against Rauscher leukemia virus upon tumor induction by near-threshold doses of methylcholanthrene.


Epidemiology of sarcoidosis.

Epidemiology of sarcoidosis.


Double afferent arterioles of the rat renal glomerulus as studied by the injection replica scanning electron microscopic method. One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six specimens of replicated rat renal glomerulus were examined under the scanning electron microscope, and an extremely rare anomaly of the glomerulus with double afferent arterioles was described. The double afferent arterioles arose separately from a terminal twig of the interlobular artery and reached the vascular pole of a subcapsular glomerulus which possessed a single efferent arteriole. Microdissection revealed that this glomerulus was composed of three fairly independent lobules of anastomosing capillaries. Microdissection also revealed that the double afferent arterioles were isolated from each other even in the glomerulus: the one supplied two lobules, while the other the third one only.


An autoradiographic study of the mouse carotid body using tritiated leucine, dopa, dopamine and ATP with special reference to the chief cell as a paraneuron. A comparative autoradiographic study on the uptake and intracellular localization of 3H-leucine-, 3H-dopa-, 3H-dopamine- and 3H-ATP-derived radioactivity was performed in the mouse carotid body to investigate the metabolic features of the chief cell as a paraneuron. 3H-leucine-derived radioactivity representing recently synthesized peptides was demonstrated in all kinds of cells in the carotid body and surrounding area. The chief cell was less radioactive than the nerve cell in the superior cervical ganglion. In the electron microscope autoradiography, no accumulation of radioactivity could be demonstrated either in the Golgi area of the chief cell, where the membrane-bound particles were probably formed, nor in the periphery of the cells, where they were stored before their release. Incorporation of 3H-dopa-derived radioactivity representing recently synthesized catecholamines was specific to the chief cell, mast cell, and nerve cell in the superior cervical ganglion. In the chief cell the distribution of radioactivity was roughly identical with that of the large dense-cored vesicles. Striking accumulations of 3H-dopamine-derived radioactivity were demonstrated in the adrenergic nerve terminals in the perivascular space and the glomus complexes of the carotid body. Not all of the chief cells incorporated the 3H-dopamine-derived radioactivity. 3H-ATP derived radioactivity was demonstrated in all kinds of cells in the carotid body and surrounding tissues. In the chief cell, as in other kinds of cells, the highest radioactivity was seen in the nucleus. The present results suggest that, if the large dense-cored vike those membrane-bound particles in other paraneurons, contain peptides, monoamines and ATP, the turnover of these products as secretory materials is much slower in this cell than in such endocrine paraneurons as adrenal chromaffin cells and gut endocrine cells.


On the periodically aggregated particles on the fracture face of the cochlear hair cell. By means of the freeze-fracture technique, the membrane specialization of the cochlear hair cell of guinea pigs was studied. Periodically aggregated particles were revealed on the PF face of the plasma membrane of the outer hair cell. The particles were around 12 nm in diameter and 10 to 17 nm in center-to-center spacing. Their arragement was hexagonal, orthogonal or parallel. Possible involvement of this structure in the electrical excitability of the membrane was discussed.


Intercellular secretory canaliculi in the feline laryngeal gland. Laryngeal glands of adult cats were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Intercellular secretory canaliculi in the gland were an arborized system of capillaries extended among acinar cells, and their stem or collecting canaliculus opened to the gland lumen. The inner surface of the canaliculi was provided with small globular microvili. The canaliculi in the laryngeal gland resembled the hepatic bile capillaries in lower vertebrates.


Aetiology of sarcoidosis.

Aetiology of sarcoidosis.


Taxonomical relationships Klebsiella-Enterobacter investigated by means of phage-bacteria systems.


Modifications in the epidemiological evolution of some serotypes of Salmonella.


Unusual and new Leptospira hebdomadis serotypes isolated from wild small rodents in Romania.


The fine structure of Toxoplasma gondii endozoids. The existence of an endocytosis mechanism.


Toxoplasma gondii--host cell interaction. Ultrastructural aspects of the parasite penetration mechanism.


Temperature-sensitive mutant of a tetracycline resistance staphylococcal plasmid.


Fourteen year cardiological follow-up of patients with initially known livels of low density lipoproteins. II. Correlation between high serum levels of low density lipoproteins and early death from myocardial infarction.


Conotruncal syndromes: anatomo-pathological characterization.


The endocrinologist--what is his role.

The endocrinologist--what is his role.


Hormones in therapy: an overview.

Hormones in therapy: an overview.


Drugs which cause diabetes.

Drugs which cause diabetes. It is clear from this review that a number of drugs, some of them in widespread use, may have as a side effect a diabetogenic action. Whether this effort occurs when there is no underlying genetic predisposition to diabetes is, at this stage in our knowledge, hard to determine. However, at a time when the incidence of diabetes mellitus is rising steadily in our community, any potential cause for even a proportion of such cases must be seriously considered. Whether at some stage in the future it will be possible to determine either on a genetic profile, or on a pharmacological profile those patients who are likely to develop such side effects, is yet to be seen. Meanwhile, a constant vigilance towards our patients treated with these drugs is required, and a readiness on the part of the physician to arrange the appropriate investigations, and where necessary to rearrange therapy, is essential.


Insulin --- problems and syringes.

Insulin --- problems and syringes.


The thorough overhaul.

The thorough overhaul.


The problem of hirsutism in women.

The problem of hirsutism in women. Women commonly complain of excess facial or body hair. There are generally no other abnormal physical findings and the relevance of other symptoms, especially those related to the menstrual cycle, may be unclear. The theme of androgen excess provides an explanation for the sign and various symptoms, and suggests certain pathology. Rational therapy can be based on and understanding of the hormonal processes involved in the development of secondary sexual hair. Treatment of simple hirsutism is well tolerated even in prolonged courses, and in most cases produces a satisfactory cosmetric result.


Examination of some processing methods for freezing boar semen. Five experiments were conducted to examine the effect of processing methods and diluents on survival and morphology of boar spermatozoa after freezing. Post-thawing survival of spermatozoa was better for Beltsville-F3 (BF3) than for tris-fructose-EDTA freezing diluent when the seminal plasma and glycerol were removed prior to freezing (method A). Both freezing diluents yielded similar viability results when the spermatozoa were frozen in the presence of siminal plasma and glycerol (method B). Viability of spermatozoa after thawing was better when glycerol concentration in the prefreezing diluent (method A) or in the freezing medium (method B) was 2-5 and 5-0 rather than 7-5%. Cooling of diluted semen to 5 degrees C beyond 4 h decreased the post-thawing survival of spermatozoa. The proportion of spermatozoa with undamaged acrosomes after processing and thawing by different methods was indistinguishable and relatively low. When the semen was frozen at cell concentrations ranging from 0-25 to 2-0 X 10(9)/ml, the viability of spermatozoa declined with increasing concentration following freezing in BF3, and S-1 diluents. Viability results were very similar for all cell concentrations examined when tris-fructose-EDTA diluent was used, indicating the possibility of freezing boar semen in a concentrated state.


Fertility test of frozen boar semen.

Fertility test of frozen boar semen. The fertility results of two experiments are presented. In experiment 1, the semen was frozen in tris-fructose-EDTA or BF3 diluents at 0-25 X 10(9)/ml sperm concentration and extended after thawing with either seminal plasma (SP) or the freezing medium (FM) containing no cryoprotective agent. In the second experiment the semen was glycerolated by two methods, frozen at 1-0 X 10(9)/ml sperm concentration, and extended wtih FM before insemination. Fertility after double insemination within one oestrus with semen frozen in tris-fructose-EDTA or BF3 diluents varied depending on the medium used for extension of thawed semen. The farrowing rates for semen frozen in the former diluent with FM and SP post-thawing media were 4/8 and 1/8 respectively, and for semen frozen BF3 diluent with FM and SP post-thawing extenders 1/8 and 5/8. The mean farrowing for the 32 animals inseminasted was 34-4%. Pregnancies for semen frozen in tris-fructose-EDTA and glycerolated at 30 or 5 degrees C were 5/12 and 4/12 respectively, and for single and double inseminations 6/12 and 3/12 respectively. Of 24 animals inseminated 37-5% farrowed.


Effects of semi-starvation on the total body composition and absorptive function of the small intestine of the young adult female rat. Sixteen female rats aged about 80 days and with a mean body weight of 175 g were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake of a laboratory chow. They were killed and analysed for water, protein, lipid and ash after 9, 21-5, 30-2 and 38-8% of body weight had been lost. Compared to a control group of four animals, the 38-8% group lost 13 g or 34% of their protein. The animals in the 21-5, 30-2 and 38-8% groups lost 7-5 g or 87% of their lipid leaving only 1-1 g of lipid. The percentage protein in the body was little affected by body weight loss but lipid decreased from 5 to 1%. In another experiment with 26 rats of 205 g mean body weight and aged about 115 days, absorption rates by the small intestine were measured in vivo after variable weight losses between 0 and 39%. D(+)-Glucose uptake was increased by about 70% in those animals which had lost only 5% of body weight and this increased uptake was retained in those rats which had lost up to 39% of body weight. The absorption of L-leucine was not affected by the decline in body weight compared to the controls but relative to body weight, the ability of the intestine to absorb increased. In the same animals, the wet and dry weights of the small intestine declined slightly faster than body weight and the length of the small intestine tended to decrease slightly with increasing loss of body weight.


Effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves on bile secretion in Anaesthetized sheep. Bile was collected before and during electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves in acute experiments on sheep with ligated cystic ducts. Most stimuli caused no change in bile formation, but a 10-V, 10-Hz stimulus caused a slight increase in bicarbonate output. Neither the response to infused secretin nor the maximum rate of bile salt transport by liver cells changed during vagal stimulation. It was concluded that the vagal innervation of the liver is not likely to play a major role in the regulation of bile formation in sheep.


The relation between Z--disk lattice spacing and sarcomere length in sartorius muscle fibres from Hyla cerulea. Sartorius muscles from the green tree frog Hyla cerulea were set at variety of muscle lengths and fixed for electron microscopy using acrolein followed by osmium tetroxide. The sarcomere length, s, was determined in thick sections using laser-diffraction. The Z-disk lattice spacing, z, was measured in electron micrographs of thin sections from the same muscles. The Z-disk lattice was found to expand as sarcomere length decreased such that the quantity sz2 was constant at 1-05 X 10(6) nm3 for all sarcomere lengths in the range 1-9-2-9 mum. Thus, the sarcomere length dependency of the Z-disk lattice is similar to that of the myosin filament lattice. The density of thin filaments per unit cross section of fibril leaving the Z-disk is less than their density in the A band. Thus, fibrils have a smaller cross section in the I band, leaving more inter-fibrillar space there. This may explain why more mitochondria and lipid droplets are located in the I bands than in the A bands. It is suggested that the Z-disk may contributed to the short range elasticity of muscle fibres.


Eperythrozoon ovis: the difference in carbohydrate metabolism between infected and uninfected sheep erythrocytes. The glucose utilization lactic and pyruvic acid production and oxygen uptake of normal and Eperythrozoon ovis infected sheep erythrocytes were measured under aerobic conditions. Infected cells showed marded increases in both glucose utilization and acid production as compared with controls. Uninfected erythocyte samples which included a percentage of reticulocytes comparable to that found in E. ovis infection showed no apparent difference in glucose utilization and lactic acid production form the normal control erythrocytes, although considerable increases in the oxygen uptake were recorded.


The influence of adrenergic nerves of the response of blood vessels in the rabbit ear to 2--phenylalanine-8-lysine vasopressin (Octapressin). The blood vessels in the rabbit ear have been used to investigate the effects of octapressin on vascular smooth muscle. Continuous administration of this drug resulted in tachphlatis. Cocaine enhanced the response of the ear to octapressin; however, this potentiation was not evident when phentolamine was concurrently added to the perfusate. Denervation and reserpinisation of the ear also eliminated the potentiation of octapressin's response by cocaine. The results suggest that there is a small, indirect sympathomimetic component involved in octapressin's action on the vasculature.


Prostaglandin in the saliva of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Previous studies of saliva from engorged female cattle ticks revealed a component which induced contration of some isolated smooth muscles. Fractionation and further characterisation have shown that this substance is of the "slow-reacting" type, but that it is neither a bradykinin nor slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. The substance is deactivated by incubation with 15-hydroxprostaglandin dehydrogenase and its pharmacological properties also support its classification as a prostaglandin. A second pharmacologically-active component has now been found in the saliva but has not yet been characterised.


Ord River arboviruses--serological epidemiology. This paper presents the results of haemagglutination-inhibition tests carried out on sera from 441 persons, 1,080 cattle and 335 birds in the Kimberley area. Two Alphaviruses (group A) (Ross River and Sindbis) and one Flavivirus (Murray Valley Encephalitis) were used for the preparation of haemagglutinins in the haemagglutination-inhibition tests. The tests showed a high percentage of antibody of Murray Valley Encephalitis in humans, birds and cattle, with an obvious focus of infection in the study site when cattle sera from different geographic areas were compared. These results are discussed in relation to the evolution and ecology of arboviruses in the Ord River area.


Childhood accidents.

Childhood accidents.


Familial juvenile nephronophthisis: report of a case including microdissection studies.


Assessing obstructive airways disease in children. Which test is best?


Ventilatory disturbance in children with obstructive lung disease.


The problem asthmatic: some significant perinatal factors.


Facts and fallacies in a sociological study of asthma.


A 20-year follow-up of children with a partial thoracic stomach (hiatal hernia).


Comment on the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in Australia.


Autoantibodies, immunoglobulins and hepatitis B antigen in children with chronic liver disease.


Tasmanian infant feeding survey, 1974.

Tasmanian infant feeding survey, 1974.


Nutrition: a problem for paediatricians.


Undernutrition in the midst of plenty: nutritional problems of young Australian aborigines.


Some shortcomings in human nutrition in Australia.


Nutrition: a problem for more than paediatricians.


Some unanswered questions about childhood obesity.


The role of wild animals in the spread of exotic diseases in Australia. The distributions of the following feral animals are given -- cattle, buffalo, pig, goat, deer, camel, horse, donkey, fox, dog and cat -- and the native dingo. The possible role these and the native rodents, marsupials and monotremes would play should an exotic disease of livestock enter Australia is discussed. It is considered that feral animals would be important in creating foci from which the disease would spread.


Relationships between heart score, heart weight and body weight in Greyhound dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between heart score (mean QRS interval), heart weight and body weight in Greyhound dogs. Highly significant correlations between these measurements have been observed and distinct sex differences have been demonstrated. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that 66% of the variation in heart weight was due to variation in heart score and body weight. From the regression analysis, a formula for heart weight prediction with a standard deviation of 27.1 g was derived. The implications of these findings have been discussed briefly and emphasis has been placed on the need for good electrocardiographic technique, if the procedures outlined are to be used successfully. The positive correlation between heart score and heart size demonstrated here in Greyhounds is in accord with similar correlations reported previously in racehorses and human athletes.


Artificial insemination of beef cattle.

Artificial insemination of beef cattle. A system for the artificial insemination fo beef cattle was described. The system involved preparation of the cattle and facilities, visual oestrous detection twice a day, drafting each morning and insemination of oestrous cows twice a day. The AI program was evaluated during the course of the program and at pregnancy test 35 to 90 days after the end of the insemination period. The insemination period was from 25 to 60 days depending on efficiency, with programs from 25 to 35 days being favoured. Results for 12218 first inseminations (65.9%) and 2222 second inseminations (57.8%) in 56 AI programs compared favourably with results in dairy AI. Pregnancy rates in lactating cows (70.5%) were significantly higher than in nonlactating cows and heifers (66.1%). Overall efficiency of well-managed AI programs were represented by 63% of cows put into a program becoming pregnant in a 29-day insemination period. Seventy-two per cent of the cows put into the program were inseminated yielding an 88% pregnancy rate. The efficiency of visual oestrous detection was 95% but this estimate did not include false positives. Efficiency of AI programs were effected by management, nutrition, infection, inseminators, facilities and the origin and type of cattle put into a program. Environmental factors such as handling, stress and thunderstorms did not effect efficiency except via a nutritional effect.


A survey of dystocia in beef cattle in Southern Queensland. Data relating to dystocia were obtained for 22% of beef herds in the Roma region of southern Queensland. In 1973 dystocia incidence in 23,129 maiden heifers was 12%; 4% of heifers and 7% of calves died. Thirty-five per cent of the 444 herds surveyed had more than a 10% incidence of dystocia, and 10% had more than a 30% incidence of dystocia. Only 6% of herds had no dystocia. Among the 73% of producers considering dystocia a problem in most years, 14% regarded it as a major problem. The incidence of dystocia in heifers was significantly higher in Poll Hereford than Hereford herds, which in turn were higher than other breeds of cattle. Poll Hereford and Hereford owners were the most concerned about dystocia but did not supervise calving more frequently. Dystocia and attitude were also examined in relation to degree of supervision at calving and size of the breeding herd.


An investigation into hindleg lameness in dairy cows. A hind leg lameness of dairy cows was investigated in south-east Queensland. Samples of bone, blood, saliva, faeces, urine and milk were collected from lame and normal cows, some of which had received a phosphorus supplement of 30 g per day. Results of these investigations are presented and discussed. Clinical observations and pathological examinations indicated that the disease was an arthropathy affecting either the coxo-femoral or femoro-tibial joints. The disease was present in 30% of herds surveyed. Each owner reported 2 to 3 lame cows. The affected cows could not be differentiated from the normal cows on biochemical grounds. An hypothesis is advanced to explain the reported response of lame animals to large supplements of phosphorus. Information which indicates that previous nutritional status and methods of production cannot be ignored as predisposing factors is presented.


Field trials with lyophilised herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine against Marek's disease in layer and broiler rearing flocks. The safety and immunogenicity of commercial lyophilised herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) vaccine against Marek's disease (MD) was evaluated in 19 field trials involving 76,848 vaccinated and 87,590 control chickens. In the first series of 11 trials involving one commercial vaccine at a dose of 536 plaque forming units (PFU) there was a significant reduction in the incidence of MD (P less than 0.001) and in total mortality (P less than 0.001) from 0 to 18 weeks due to vaccination and the overall protection was 85.2%. In the second series of eight trials involving another commercial vaccine at a dose range of 1360 to 1900 PFU there was a significant reduction in the incidence of MD (P less than 0.001) from 0 to 18 weeks of age due to vaccination. The overall protection was 77.8%. In both series there was a significant difference in MD mortality between meat breeders and crossbred pullets (P less than 0.005) in response to vaccination. There was also a significant difference in total mortality from 0-6 weeks of age between the two series suggesting either differences in response to the two vaccines or differences in the vaccination technique. In a number of trials the incidence of MD was low in the controls, however, where MD incidence was above 2% in the controls protection usually exceeded 80%. It was concluded the vaccines were safe and efficacious and the degree of protection was comparable to that obtained by HVT vaccines described in other countries.


The influence of severe weight loss in cattle on plasma constituents used in diagnosis.


Supply and demand for veterinarians and the future in Australia.


The isolation of D'Aguilar virus from a cow.


Kerosene pneumonia--its incidence in Perth and case history of a recent fatality.


"Computed cranial tomography in the investigation of acoustic neurilemmomas.".


Colonic juvenile polyps in a family.

Colonic juvenile polyps in a family.


Radioisotope perfusion and ventilation studies in bronchial hilar neoplasia.


P.T.C.--Luck--8/3 pir3.

P.T.C.--Luck--8/3 pir3.


Ultrasound and the missing loop.

Ultrasound and the missing loop.


Pelvi-ureteric obstruction in children.

Pelvi-ureteric obstruction in children.


3 case reports of posterior urethral valves with varied presentations.


Angiographic findings in diaphragmatic rupture.


Achondrogenesis: a clinical and radiological report.


Spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasias (report of a case of common type and three pairs of siblings of new varieties).


A case of spinal arteriovenous malformation. The value of selective spinal angiography in its management.


Weismann-Netter syndrome (toxopachyostéose diaphysaire tibio-péronière).


Doses received in finger-tips by persons working in a nuclear medicine centre.


The study of dose distribution in radiotherapy using three types of thermoluminescent dosimeters.


Computer-based auditing in a radiological department.


The saving of silver.

The saving of silver.


Variation of exposure rate with field size.


Dosimetric considerations for the proposed usage of 125I sodium iodide in thyrotoxic patients presenting with and without hot autonomous nodule/s.


Some aspects of reproduction in fat-tailed sheep in the subtropics V. Seasonal variation in sexual desire and semen characteristics. The seasonal variations in sexual desire and semen characteristics were studied in five 1.5 to 2.5 years young and five mature (4 to 5 years old) fat-tailed Ausimi rams. The sexual desire was assessed according to the "reaction time" (period between initiation of the ram and the semen delivery into the artificial vagina): the sperm quality was assessed with the usual parameters. Although the breeding ability of the rams was continuous throughout the year, the sperm density was highest in the summer (due to long daylight periods). On the other hand the sexual desire and semen volumen reached their peak during the autumn. This and other results denote that the complex environmental factors controlling sexual activity exhibit different seasonal effects on different parts of the male reproductive system.


Productive and reproductive adaptations of Friesian cattle introduced to a suptropical environment. Various parameters were studied in imported and in local female cattle under the conditions in Iraq. The following results were obtained: The age at the first calving was lower in the animals imported in 1964 and 1965 than in the locally born cows. The age at the first calving in the daughter cows of the imported animals increased significantly by 1.6 months per year. The calving interval and the duration of the post-partum periods were longer in imported dams than in daughter cows. The gestation period was shorter in the imported dams than in the daughter cows. The lactation length and the dry period were longer in the imported dams than in their locally born daughters. The percentage of calves born during the life of all recorded cows in the studied herd was higher in the imported dams.


Polymer structure and blood compatibility evaluation - application of an acrylonitrile copolymer. An acrylonitrile-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer has been synthesised by a straightforward procedure. The cationic nature of the copolymer permits ready attachement of heparin and reaction of the copolymer with ethylene oxide gas allows a controlled alteration in chemical structure. These featues of the copolymer are discussed with respect to the influence of polymer properties on blood compatibility as exemplified by blood platelet retention.


Animal experiments with biogalvanic and biofuel cells. Animal experiments with biogalvanic cells have demonstrated that an average power of 80 muW can be derived continously for at least 2 years. There is a further scope to stabilize the power at 100 muW for considerable longer periods so that the chances of cardiac pacing with biogalvanic power have become bright. However, large scale efforts are necessary in in establishing the statistical reliability and the secured performance which are expensive and time consuming. Animal experiments with biofuel cells are still in preliminary stages. We derived a continous power of 40 muW (4MUW/cm2) at 575 mV over 150 days so far. This is the longest recorded period with such a high power density. The main problem in deriving higher power over longer period is to properly encapsulate the cell with materials which are hydrophilic and essentially biocompatible.


Development of a pulsatile blood pump.

Development of a pulsatile blood pump. A new type of pulsatile roller pump is described. The pressure and flow characteristics and the wave forms generated by the pump together with the hemolysis measurements for different pumping parameters are presented and a comparison with a standard roller pump is made.


Lindholm blood coagulation test values of some glow-discharge polymer surfaces. An ultrathin layer (approximately 500A) of glow-discharge polymer that is strongly bonded to a polymer film substrate can be sued to modify the blood compatibility of the polymer surface. Glow-discharge polymers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexamethyldisiloxane, ethylene-N2, and allene-N2-H20 were deposited onto Mylar film and subjected to Lindholm whole blood coagulation tests. Lindholm tests were performed in a manner that permitted statistical analysis. This was done by repeating the preparation of samples as well as the coagulation tests a number of times. Results showed that Lindholm tests values were useful in obtaining information pertinent to compatibility of surfaces with fresh human blood and to reproducibility of sample preparation by glow-discharge polymerization. The study also revealed that glow-discharge polymerization is a promising method to impart blood compatibility without altering other bulk properties of substrate polymers.


Blood components deposited on used and reused dialysis membranes. Hemodialysis cartridges used once and reused once or twice were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Blood deposits consisting of leukocytes, platelets, and amorphous material covered 15 to 25% of the dialysis membrane surface of cartridges used once. This deposit increased somewhat with cartridge reuse but did not appear to impair the dialysis efficiency of membranes significantly. Leukocytes formed a major part of the blood deposit and spreading of these cells upon dialysis membranes was marked. Single and aggregated platelets were adherent to the dialysis membranes, to leukocytes, and to amorphous debris. Few erythrocytes were present, and fibrin was not identified. There was little evidence for build up or layering of the blood deposit with cartridge reuse. The procedures for dialysis  cartridge rinsing used in these studies appear to be highly efficient in removal of adherent blood components.


The rabbit ear chamber: a unique in vivo model for the continuous observation of implanted biomaterials. The rabbit ear chamber provides a unique system for viewing an in vivo environment from outside the body. The plastic chamber, modified for our use, is described. Once surgically implanted into the ear of a Laboratory Lop rabbit, a thin tissue bed which grows between the layers of the chamber can be viewed through the microscope. The absorption of biomaterials placed into the chamber can then be observed as a dynamic process.


Non-polarographic blood gas analysis I. In virtro evaluation of gas chromatograph system. A new system providing near continuous arterial p02 and pCO2 measurements without requiring blood samples is described. Based on intra-arterial placement of a closed-tipped 2F catheter with gas chromatographic separation and analysis this system appears capable of providing rapid sensitive data with accuracy and precision equivalent to conventional bench analyzers. The initial in vitro experiments are discussed including flow and temperature dependency studies.


Sub-total versus partial circulatory bypass of the left heart: a critical review. A number of systems for left heart bypass have been described for short, or long-term circulatory support in animals and in man. Critical to the interpretation of these restuls and to the design of new system is the proportion of left ventricular inflow destined for ejection which is diverted through the apparatus, to that expelled through the aortic valve, and the effect which this fraction might have on the failing heart and the rest of the body. It is the purpose of this communication to review the experimental and theoretical data in support of partial, as opposed to subtotal, left heart bypass.


A summary of the present status of CEA in diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of therapy of colonic cancer.


Clinical aspects of the CEA test.

Clinical aspects of the CEA test.


CEA assay in the follow-up of patients with extra-gastrointestinal malignancies.


Significance of CEA determinations in patients with cancer of the colon-rectum and the mammary gland in comparison to physiological states in connection with pregnancy.


A comparison of CEA-S and CEA concentrations in sera and the independence of CEA-S, NCA and blood group antigens.


Exorcism, possession, and the Dracula cult: a synopsis of object-relations psychology.


Symptom substitution.

Symptom substitution.


Clinical relevance of the boundary functions of language.


Preconscious awareness of impending death: an addendum.


The anatomy of dependence. By Takeo Doi, M.D.: a discussion.


The influence of CEA-S from different tumors and of CEA as 125I ligands on the specificity of the CEA-S radioimmunoassay.


Naming: a measure of relationships in a ward milieu.


New developments in the domain of prognosis and diagnosis. Introduction.


Arterial bifurcation flows--effects of flow rate and area ratio. Velocity profiles and surface shear rates, for three model symmetrical bifurcations made of glass from dimensions based on the arterial system, were investigated. The models studied had area ratios of 0.75, 1.02, and 1.29, with a common included angle of 75 degrees. Area ratio and parent tube flow rate were the two independent variables evaluated. Measurements were made with a tracer particle technique using cinephotography. Velocity profiles had their highest values on the inside, and lowest values on the outside, of the branch. Flow symmetry existed in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the bifurcation. Surface shear rates remained well above the daughter-tube developed values, between two and six diameters downstream from the carina. Shear rates below the daughter-tube developed value were found on the outside wall between the carina and two daughter-tube diameters downstream. Vortex-like flow was absent in this region for the 0.75 area ratio branch and was found above 900 Reynolds number in the 1.29 area ratio branch. The disturbed flow described by others in this region may not contain vortex-like streamlines for the physiologically important 0.75 area ratio.


Effect of adrenaline on insulin secretion in rats treated chronically with adrenaline. To determine whether rats could adapt to a chronic exogenous supply of adrenaline by a decrease in the well-known inhibitory effect of adrenaline on insulin secretion, plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in unanesthetized control and adrenaline-treated rats (300 mug/kg twice a day for 28 days) during an adrenaline infusion (0.75 mug kg-1 min-1), after an acute glucose load (0.5 g/kg), and during the simultaneous administration of both agents. Chronic treatment with adrenaline did not modify the initial glucose levels but it greatly diminished the basal insulin values (21.57+/-2.48 vs. 44.69+/-3.3muU/ml, p less than 0.01). In the control rats, despite the elevated glucose concentrations, a significant drop in plasma insulin levels was observed within the first 15 min of adrenaline infusion, followed by a period of recovery. In the adrenaline-treated group, in which plasma glucose levels were lower than in control animals, plasma insulin levels did not drop as in control rats, but a significant increase was found after 30 min of infusion. During the intravenous glucose tolerance test, the plasma glucose and insulin responses showed similar patterns; however, during the concomitant adrenaline infusion, the treated rats showed a better glucose tolerance than their controls. These results indicate that rats chronically treated with adrenaline adapt to the diabetogenic effect of an infusion of adrenaline by have a lower inhibition of insulin release, although the lower basal insulin levels may indicate a greater sensitivity to endogenous insulin.


Light and dark smooth muscle cells in estrogen-stimulated rat myometrium. Smooth muscle cells of different densities to transmission of electrons (termed light and dark cells) were found in rat myometrium examined in the electron microscope following fixation by immersion in glutaraldehyde. Light cells accounted for about 4% of the total population of cells. No light cells were found in tissues fixed in situ by intraarterial perfusion with glutaraldehyde. In addition to staining differences, light cells were distinguished from most dark cells by differences in nuclear, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticular, and surface structures. The relative number of light and dark cells after in vitro fixation was not changed in tissues relaxed with adrenaline or contracted with oxytocin. Mechanical injury resulted in increased numbers of light cells. Similarly, chemical injury with metabolic inhibitors resulted in ATP depletion, followed by increased numbers of light cells and gain in water content. We concluded that light cells were produced by mechanical or metabolic damage, leading to loss of volume control mechanisms, swelling, and leakage of protein. Light cells found after fixation in vitro in numerous prior studies represent cells damaged during isolation, and not a physiological variant among smooth muscle cells.


Binding of anticonvulsant drugs to cytochrome P-450: correlation with evidence of induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. Mephenytoin, diphenylhydantoin, pheneturide, and phenobarbital produced a concentration-dependent inhibition in the binding of hexobarbital to cytochrome P-450 at the type 1 site, while sulthiame slightly potentiated, and ethosuximide did not affect the binding characteristic of hexobarbital. Diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and pheneturide have previously been shown to enhance the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (DGA), while sulthiame inhibited the potentiation of DGA excretion caused by these drugs, and ethosuximide produced no change. The results suggest a close relationship between the ability of these drugs to induce hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme systems (as indicated by enhancement of DGA excretion) and binding behaviour at the type 1 site.


Electrophysiology of neural units in goldfish optic tectum. Axons of retinal ganglion cells showed responses not previously emphasized: (a) many tonic units discharged oscillations, 2--12 spikes per burst, interburst intervals 20--300 msec; (b) phasic units showed concentric or flanking ON and OFF fields, response frequency depended on balance of retinal excitation and inhibition; (c) directional sensitivity was maximal for retinal stimuli moving in naso-temporal direction; (d) in anterior tectum deep afferent layer (DAL) provides for deep electrical sink, fibers of DAL have small fields, mostly in front of fish; (e) color-opponent units are prevalent in the superficial terminal layers, color is spatially and temporally represented. Tectal cell responses were distinguished by large visual fields, spontaneity, multiple spikes and long latencies to optic nerve stimulation, failure to follow above 60 per sec, plasticity of response. Tectal neurons of three classes included (a) cells of one type in upper layers were inhibited in ongoing activity by visual input, receptive fields exceeded 100 degrees, were often oblong, responses did not habituate; (b) cells of second type were excited by visual stimuli, became unresponsive (habituated) or responsive only to stimuli in different position or direction (newness cells); lability precluded field mapping and dishabituation was produced by change in background, extraneous stimulation, and spontaneous firing; (c) pyriform cells in periventricular layer were abundant, difficult to isolate electrically, discharged spontaneously in bursts at intervals of several seconds and responded to visual input by interruption of firing. Some tectal cells responded to non-visual stimuli as well.


Melanin in the rat brain.

Melanin in the rat brain. Melanin was measured in various parts of the rat brain by a spectrophotofluorometric assay. This method could detect natural, Sepia melanin as well as melanin synthesized from L-DOPA. Contrary to published expectations of other investigators, measurable amounts of melanin were found in the brain of albino as well as pigmented rats. The highest concentrations of melanin occurred in the pons-medulla and midbrain, but all regions within the blood-brain barrier contained greater concentrations than samples from many other tissues in the body. No significant change in the melanin content was found after various endocrine manipulations such as removal of the pituitary, pineal, adrenals, thyroid, testes, or ovaries, exposure to constant illumination or darkness, and daily injection for 5 weeks of alpha-MSH, Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF-I) or melatonin. As expected, retinal tissue from black-hooded rats contained extremely high levels of melanin whereas that from albino rats contained no melanin. It is thought that the presence of melanin in the brain of albino and pigmented rats may have a function which is still unknown.


Effect of alterations in ambient temperature on blood flow in the skin. The effect of changing ambient temperature on skin temperature was recorded in human subjects; also, its effect on blood flow was measured using venous occlusion and optical plethysmography. When cold stimulus was removed in stages using a heating cabinet, it was found that a biphasic flow response occurred in the fingers with each step change in temperature. There was a rapid transient rise followed by a decline to an equilibrium flow level. The transient rise occurred even when the temperature rose from 37 to 40 degrees C, although at this level the equilibrium remained unchanged. It is suggested that the transient rise was due to stimulation of Hensel's dynamic warmth receptors, whereas the rise in equilibrium temperature was due to removal of cold stimulus, which at low ambient temperatures maintains reflex vasoconstriction through activation of static cold receptors. Upper arm skin responded to removal of cold stimulus by a fall in temperature. Immersion of a different limb in cold water produced vasoconstriction in fingers but vasodilatation in the upper arm skin. It is suggested that this may be due to neurogenic vasodilatation, though the present work gives no indication as to pathways.


The necessity of drug level monitoring in anticonvulsant drug therapy. A survey of 'steady-state' serum levels of anticonvulsant drugs from 221 epileptic patients at a university hospital was conducted. Serum concentrations of phenobarbital, primidone, and diphenylhydantoin were determined by a gas chromatographic method. Sixty-five percent (130) of the patients receiving diphenylhydantoin had levels below the therapeutic range of 10-20mug/ml. Subtherapeutic levels appear to be due to inadequate dosage adjustment. Only 25% (33) of the patients receiving phenobarbital had levels below the therapeutic range. Serum levels of diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital could not be predicted from dosage. Most patients received two or more drugs. Over 10% of the patients had potentially toxic levels of anticonvulsant drugs. High levels of diphenylhydantoin were easily recognized clinically but high levels of phenobarbital were not.


Thermoregulatory cold-defense deficits in rats with preoptic/anterior hypothalamic lesions. This paper discusses the course of recovery from the thermoregulatory deficits produced in rats by electrolytic lesions in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area. Severe damage rendered rats ectothermic, that is unable to maintain their body temperatures at normal levels unless they were incubated at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C. Less severe damage produced rats that maintained subnormal but stable body temperatures at 23 degrees C, but that did not increase metabolic rate or shiver and whose body temperatures dropped drastically in the cold (5 degrees C). As the animals recovered, nonshivering thermogenesis returned. Eventually the rats became excessively hyperthermic in normal room temperatures, due to very high metabolic rates. They were still unable to shiver or increase metabolic rate further in the cold and were therefore still unable to prevent a large drop in body temperature. Muscle tonus and shivering recovered gradually, and oxygen consumption returned to near normal levels. The data are described in terms of levels of integration of the nervous control of thermoregulation.


Neuromuscular blockade: the effects on two hippocampal RSA (theta) systems and neocortical desynchronization. Neocortical and hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were recorded from rats during: (a) spontaneous activities, (b) paralysis produced by curare or gallamine neuromuscular blockade, and (c) urethane anesthesia. All of the patterns of EEG recorded from normal rats were obtained from paralyzed rats including: (a) atropine resistant neocortical desynchronization and fast (6--12 Hz) hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (RSA) normally associated with overt Type I or voluntary movement, (b) atropine sensitive and urethane resistant slow (4--6 Hz) RSA which can be recorded from immobile animals during conditioning procedures, or during brain or sensory stimulation, and (c) large amplitude irregular neocortical and hippocampal EEG which can be recorded from immobile or sleeping animals. Depth profiles of RSA were taken from the hippocampal formation of urethanized and curarized rats during posterior hypthalamic stimulation. The results confirmed findngs of two RSA amplitude maxima with an approximate 180 degree phase difference, one location in stratum oriens of area CA-1, the other in stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus, and suggest there are two generators of RSA. Atropine sensitive and atropine resistant types of RSA were found in each generator. The results suggest that RSA may be supported by both cholinergic and noncholinergic input to each generator and that neither RSA type could be only the result of proprioceptive feedback from joints or muscles.


Cerebellar nuclear stimulation in generalized penicillin epilepsy. Comparison was made of the effectiveness of cerebellar cortical and nuclear stimulation in reducing paroxysmal activity induced in cats by parenteral penicillin administration. Vermal cortical and fastigial nuclear stimulation at high frequencies (100 Hz) were both effective in reducing the number and duration of paroxysmal events while the effects of dentate nucleus stimulation were found to be more variable. It was suggested that effective seizure inhibition appeared to be associated with increased fastigial output and resultant reticular excitation.


Survial of fasted rats exposed to altitude. Rats fasted for 48-96h before exposure were shown to have a longer survival time at groups 33,500 ft (1 ft = 0.305 m) simulated altitude than nonfasted controls. Although both become hypothermic at 33500 ft, colonic temperatures of the fasted rats were not sufficiently lower than those of nonfasted animals to explain the difference in survival time. The injection of glucose and insulin before exposure almost completely eliminated the protection afforded by fasting, whereas glucose alone had no effect on survival. It is therefore suggested that an alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, possibly in combination with other starvation-induced changes, allowed fasted rats to survive at 33500 ft until declining body temperature reduced metabolic rate to a level compatible with oxygen supply.


Release of [3H]noradrenaline from perfused rat hearts by potassium and its modifications by 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine. The sources of noradrenaline (NA) released by excess potassium from isolated perfused rat hearts were investigated by labelling the hearts from normal, reserpine-treated, and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated (6-OHDA-treated) rats with [3H]HA, and measuring the increased rate of efflux induced by perfusion with a Krebs solution containing varying amounts of excess potassium. The [3H]NA and its metabolites in the effluent were separated by adsorption on alumina and a cation-exchange resin (Dowex-50). The release induced by potassium was a linear function of the log of the increased potassium concentration. Following a 1-h efflux period after labelling with [3H]NA, the hearts from reserpine-treated rats retained 1/5 as much [3H]NA, and released, in response to a 56mM elevation in the potassium concentration, less than 1/6 as much tritium label as the hearts from untreated (control) animals. In contrast, the hearts form 6-OHDA-treated animals retained 1/15 of the amount of [3H]NA and released 1/50 of the 3H label as did the control hearts. The potassium-induced increase of 3H-labelled substances in the effluent from the control hearts showed a large (threefold) percentage increase in the [3H]NA fraction, whereas the effluents from the hearts of reserpine- and 6-OHDA-treated animals contained only small increases in the [3H]NA fraction. Based on the assumptions that reserpine prevented retention of NA in the storage granules whereas 6-OHDA prevented almost all neuronal storage, it was concluded that more than 80% of the NA released by potassium excess from perfused normal hearts originated from the storage vesicles of the nerves, the remainder being largely from the cytoplasm of the nerves, with only a small portion from extraneuronal sources.


Vasopressin contamination as a cause of some apparent renal actions of prolactin. The injection or infusion of NIAMDD prolactin (NIH P-S-10) into unanesthetized rats resulted in water and electrolyte retention with a large increase in urine osmolality but no effect on glomerular filtration rate. Since these effects on urine output were also observed in homozygous Brattleboro rats, the antidiuretic activity could not have caused by the release of endogenous antidiuretic hormone. Radioimmunoassay of NIH prolactin showed that it was contaminated with vasopressin (20 ng/mg of prolactin). By comparison, Sigma prolactin had no observed effect on urine excretion and contained very little vasopressin (2.5 ng/mg). It is concluded that some of the renal effects of prolactin have been reported in the literature may have been caused by the contaminating vasopressin.


Antiestrogen-induced remissions in stage IV breast cancer. Tamoxifen (NSC-180973, ICI-46474), an antiestrogen, was administered to 39 women with stage IV breast cancer at a dose of 20 mg orally every 12 hours. Patients were selected as eligible for endocrine ablative treatment and with disease not so aggressive as to jeopardize further treatment in case the experimental drug failed. Objective remission was obtained in 19 patients (49%) with a mean duration of 11+ months and ten patients are still in remission. No progression was seen in seven patients (18%) lasting 13+ months with only one patient in relapse. Thirteen patients (33%) have failed. Objective remission was obtained in two premenopausal women even though menstrual cycles were not suppressed; bilateral oophorectomy in one of these patients induced a second remission after relapse from tamoxifen. Objective remissions were obtained in two women with proven complete hypophysectomy a direct action of antiestrogens at the tumor level. Positive estrogen receptors were suggestive of being a good predictor of response. Menopausal status and dominant site of metastasis did not affect the response to tamoxifen in this small series. Tamoxifen did not alter prolactin secretion, and side effects from the drug were usually mild and transient in nature. We conclude that tamoxifen is an effective antitumor agent in patients with stage IV breast cancer; further studies are necessary to determine whether it will equal the therapeutic effect of oophorectomy, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy. Preliminary results with the use of tamoxifen in 51 27-80 year old women with Stage 4 breast cancer are presented.  There were 39 patients otherwise suitable for endocrine ablative procedures and 12 who had previously had such surgery.  Tamoxifen was given in doses of 20 mg orally every 12 hours.  Of the 39 patients, 19 had objective remissions with a mean duration of over 11 months.  7 others had no progression of their disease for over 13 months.  Of 11 patients shown to have estrogen receptors, 6 showed remissions with the antiestrogen therapy.  Objective remissions were obtained in 2 premenopausal women even though menopausal cycles were not suppressed.  Bilateral oophorectomy in 1 of them later induced a 2nd remission.  Objective remissions were obtained in 2 women with previous complete hypophysectomy.  Serum prolactin levels in 8 patients studied were not changed by tamoxifen therapy.  Side effects from the drug were mild and transitory.  Results obtained with tamoxifen are approaching those obtained with endocrine ablative therapy.  Further studies are needed to determine if endocrine ablation can induce further significant improvement beyond that which can be obtained with antiestrogen therapy.


Evaluation of tamoxifen dose in advanced breast cancer: a progress report. The results of an ongoing trial randomizing patients with progressive, metastatic breast carcinoma between tamoxifen (Tam, NSC-180973) and Tam plus fluoxymesterone (Flu) (7 mg/m2 bid) are reported. Each patient received a single dose level of Tam in the range of 2-100 mg/m2 bid. The combination had a higher response rate overall (45% vs 28%) and when only the patients' soft tissue sites were analyzed (54% vs 9%, P=0.04). The time to treatment failure was longer for the combination among those patients with a response or disease stabilization (P=0.08). Response rates with Tam doses less than 12 mg/m2 bid were also higher than with doses greater than or equal to 12 mg/m2 for all patients in the study (62% vs 30%, P=0.025) and for those where only soft tissue sites were evaluable (43% vs 29%, P=0.07). Side effects were mild and consisted primarily of transient hematologic suppression, nausea, masculinization, hepatic enzyme elevations, and edema. The latter three were observed only with the Flu regimen. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were more frequent at Tam doses less than 12 mg/m2 bid whereas nausea was more common at higher doses. Tam doses as high as 100 mg/m2 bid were well tolerated. Tam amy be more effective at low doses, has only mild side effects, and is well tolerated at doses up to 100 mg/m2 bid. Combining Tam with Flu appears to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness.


Visual performance and synapses in the visual cortex of rabbits. The density of synaptic connections, the length of the contact zones and the number of synaptic vesicles are quantitatively studied in the left and right hemisphere of a group of rabbits a number of which showed marked ocular dominance. No systematic differences in the parameters studied could be observed in the visual cortex between symmetric animals, indicating that the ocular dominance cannot be explained by hemispheric differences in density of synapses.


Histologic classification of lung cancer.


Current overview of EORTC clinical trials with tamoxifen. Based upon concepts derived from estrogen receptor studies, a phase II exploratory trial was conducted where tamoxifen (NSC-180973) was administered concomitantly with cytotoxic chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Chemotherapy was composed of two 28-day cycles given alternatively. Cycle A consisted of adriamycin and vincristine, and cycle B consisted of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Fifty-five patients were fully evaluable. Complete remissions were obtained in 13 (24%) and partial objective remissions in 27 (49%). The overall remission rate was 73%. Toxic side effects ranged from mild to severe. The most significant were nausea and vomiting (most patients), weakness and pain (two thirds of the patients), and hematologic changes (half of the patients). It is concluded that the present combination of endocrine and cytotoxic therapy represents one of the most effective currently available treatments of advanced breast cancer. In an early clinical trial of tamoxifen in premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer, two objective remissions, lasting 5 and 9+ months respectively, were obtained in ten patients treated. Tamoxifen is worthy of further assessment in premenopausal patients.


General principles of surgical treatment of lung cancer.


Occurrence of lung cancer according to stage and determination of its dissemination.


Prerequisties for effective radiotherapy for lung cancer.


Experience with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for undifferentiated lung cancer.


5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), methyl-CCNU, and vincristine in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: phase II study utilizing weekly 5-FU. We report a phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methyl-CCNU, and vincristine (FMV) combination chemotherapy in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Ten of 25 patients (40%) achieved an objective tumor regression after treatment with FMV chemotherapy. The main toxicities of FMV were hematologic and gastrointestinal. 5-FU was administered in a weekly rather than a loading-dose schedule which allowed for sensitive adjustment of drug dosages according to hematologic toxicity; only 16% of the patients (four of 25) had a wbc count less than 2000 cells/mm3. FMV is significantly more active than 5-FU alone in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer; however this regimen does not significantly improve survival in responding patients.


Combination chemotherapy in vitro with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) was paired with 11 other chemotherapeutic drugs in a search for possible synergistic pairs. Cell lethality was investigated by the colony-formation technique utilizing a long-term culture of human lymphoma cells. Synergistic effects were noted for pair combinations with all alkylating agents, bleomycin, adriamycin, camptothecin, and cytosine arabinoside. Additive effects were recorded for combinations with prednisolone and VP-16-213, while DDP reduced the capacity of cells to absorb sublethal damage induced by alkylating agents.


Inhibition of growth and regression of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma by three retinoids. An aromatic analog of retinoic acid, all-trans-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid (Ro 10-1670), its ethyl esther (Ro 10-9359), and ethyl amide (Ro 11-1430) have been shown to inhibit the growth of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma. The inhibition observed occurred over a range of tolerated doses. At the higher tolerated dose levels, significant regressions of already established tumors were observed. All three compounds were active when administered ip for 2 or 4 weeks. The ethyl ester, Ro 10-9359, and the etyl amide, Ro 11-1430, were also active when administered for 4 weeks as dietary admixes. In the latter experiments, both compounds were equally effective at tolerated doses, but Ro 11-1430 was less toxic than Ro 10-9359 at higher doses.


Evaluation of daunorubicin in adenocarcinoma of the large intestine.


Phase II evaluation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in lung cancer.


Comparative nephrotoxicity of platinum cancer chemotherapeutic agents.


Adriamycin and CCNU in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.


Phase II study of VP-16-213 versus dianhydrogalactitol in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.


Pulmonary toxicity in long-term administration of BCNU.


Color reaction of cholesterol with benzoyl peroxide in concentrated trichloroacetic acid.


Stereospecific introduction of deuterium into ring D of estrogens.


A facile O-glycosidation using stannic chloride.


Chemical and biochemical studies on carbohydrate esters. II. Antitumor activity of saturated fatty acids and their ester derivatives against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.


Syntheses of betulafolienetriol and the ginseng sapogenin, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.


Studies on the components of the leaves of Coptis japonica Makino. I. The structures of coptiside I and II.


Syntheses of methoxyestrogen glucuronide acetate-methyl esters.


Conversion of dehydroabietic acid into a steroid skeleton: formation of the A-ring. III.


Maridomycin, a new macrolide antibiotic. X. The structure of maridomycin II.


Metabolism of piromidic acid, a new antibacterial agent. II. In vitro metabolic pathway of piromidic acid in rats.


Maridomycin, a new macrolide antibiotic. XI. The structures of maridomycin components.


Effect of drugs on human erythrocytes. I. Morphological changes and increase in fragility of erythrocytes treated with drugs.


Color reaction of cholesterol with the antimony trichloride reagent.


Studies on the synthesis of azabicyclo[3,3,1]non-6-enes by the novel cyclization reaction of tetrahydropyridines with Lewis acid.


Studies on peptides. LVIII. Synthesis of Tyr1-substance P.


On the heterogeneity of eukaryotic ribosomal subunits in vitro.


Synthesis of optically active prenylamine from (-)-norephedrine.


Benzodiazepine. XIII. Syntheses of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives.


Synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. IV. Synthesis of 3-substituted thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline derivatives.


Studies on anticoccidial agents. VII. An improved synthesis of alpha4-norpyridoxol.


A fluorophotometric method for the determination of pyridoxal and its phosphate by using glycine and zinc(II) ion.


Preparation of yeast mannan derivatives by stearoylation and phosphorylation.


Synthesis of [27-Tyr]-cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ).


Antitumor polysaccharide fraction from Sargassum thunbergli.


Occurrence of bufalitoxin, cinobufotoxin and their homologs in Japanese toad.


Fukinotoxin, a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Petasites japonicus.


Synthesis and properties of S-aminomethylthiamine and N-hydroxymethylthiamine.


The reaction of S-aminomethylthiamine with acid anhydride--the synthesis of O,S-bis(alpha-aminoacyl)thiamine.


Color reaction of cholesterol in concentrated trichloroacetic acid media.


Biopharmaceutical study of the hepato-biliary transport of drugs. IV. Development of the method to investigate the process of the active secretion of drugs from the hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi and its application to the biliary excretion of organic anions in rat.


Biopharmaceutical study of the hepato-biliary transport of drugs. V. Hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of organic cations.


Factors influencing absorption and excretion of drugs. V. Further study on effect of potassium ion on in situ rat intestinal absorption of drugs.


Studies on sperm capacitation. V. Characterization of decapacitation factor from guinea-pig spermatozoa.


Chemical reactivity of morphine and morphine-6-conjugates and their binding to rat brain.


Effect of ginseng extract on lipid and sugar metabolism II. Nutritional states in rats.


Effect of biotin on biochemical changes following isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.


Aminomethylation of thiamine disulfides and formation of cyclobis-methylenethiamine from N-aminomethylated thiamine disulfide.


Absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 1-(5-oxohexyl) theobromine (BL 191) in rats.


Inclusion complexation of barbiturates with beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution. I. Spectroscopic study on the mode of interaction.


Polymorphism of phenylbutazone.

Polymorphism of phenylbutazone.


Simultaneous determination of complexation equilibrium constants for conjugated guest species by extended potentiometric titration method: on barbiturate-beta-cyclodextrin system.


Studies on psychotropic agents. I. Synthesis of 3,8-disubstituted-1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4,5]decan-2,4-dione derivatives.


Studies on the syntheses of analgesics. XLVI. An abnormal Hofmann degradation of N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-benzazocinium halides (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. DCLXVIII).


Motional state of spin-labeled stearates in lecithin-cholesterol liposomes and their incorporation capability.


Spectrophotometric determination of quinine, emethine and ephedrine in pharmaceutical preparations with tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester by solvent extraction.


Color reaction of estrone with the antimony trichloride reagent.


Analytical studies on mepirizole and its metabolites. IV. Quantitative determination of mepirizole in human serum by mass fragmentography, and isotope effect on drug metabolism.


One step syntheses of adenine, xanthine and guanine from phenylazomalonic acid derivatives.


Anticholinergic agents. Synthesis of 4-diphenylmethylene-1,1,2,3-tetramethylpyrrolidinium iodide.


Anticholinergic agents. Synthesis of 1,1,4-trimethyl- and 1,1,5- trimethyl-3-diphenylmethylenepyrrolidinium halides.


Metabolism and excretion of aminopyrine in man.


Aryl hydroxylation of 3-methylacetanilide[4-2(3)H] by several model systems.


Synthesis of 6 beta-bromomethyl-and 6 beta-chloromethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-en-3 beta-ol.


Isolation of 4 beta-hydroxywithanolide E, a new withanolide from Physalis peruviana L.


Studies on prostaglandins. III. Synthesis of bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane derivatives.


The immunology of acute and chronic hepatitis.


Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis: a syndrome produced by epicutaneous hypersensitivity with clinical features and a histopathologic picture similar to that of mycosis fungoides. Four cases have been studied which were clinically suggestive of mycosis fungoides because of their infiltrated plaque-like lesions, but in which the suspicion of a topical hypersensitivity arose when a positive patch test was obtained with the striker part of a box of matches.


The effect of perfume "ageing" on the allergenicity of individual perfume ingredients. An ingredient of a perfume which is a sensitizer may become hypoallergenic by interacting with other ingredients during the ageing process of the perfume. Thus, a patient with an exquisite allergic sensitivity to cinnamic aldehyde tolerates two perfumes containing cinnamic aldehyde without acquiring a dermatitis. There are several theories of why cinnamic aldehyde can become a non-sensitizer in a perfume mixture. Testing with a mature perfume may be much more significant than testing with individual ingredients.


An antigen from Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. The increasing incidence of contact dermatitis due to the wild growth of the weed Partheium hysterophorus Linn. in many parts of India has prompted chemical analysis coupled with clinical testing to isolate the offending agent. Results are present to show that parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone, is the major antigen which produces contact dermatitis in sensitive human beings.


Quinazoline Yellow SS in cosmetics.

Quinazoline Yellow SS in cosmetics. Five cases of allergic contact dermatitis from Quinazoline Yellow SS (D and C Yellow 11) in cosmetics are described, three from a lipstick and two from a rouge stick. Four of them showed marked oedema spreading to the eyelids and down to the neck. Two of them required systemic steroids. All four had strongly positive patch tests to the dye and to the cosmetic used.


Transepidermal water loss in adhesive tape induced dermatitis. As an index of skin barrier function, transepidermal water loss (TEW) was investigated in subjects reactive to adhesive tapes. Tape reactive subjects showed no difference in TEW in untreated skin when compared to non-reactive subjects. Plastic tape and transparent tape produced varying degrees of dermatitis in reactive subjects; the TEW was increased up to 40-fold of the baseline values correlating with the degree of dermatitis. Paper tape and plastic film without adhesive did not produce dermatitis and increased water loss. Regeneration of skin damage was accompanied by a decrease of TEW values. The general problem of tape reactors and tape irritation is discussed.


Thioridazine photosensitivity.

Thioridazine photosensitivity.


Positive patch test to the azo-dye tartrazine.


Clinical investigation on the local protective effect of antihuman-lymphocyte-globulin in contact allergy.


Sensitivity to 35 essential oils.

Sensitivity to 35 essential oils. Two hundred consecutive patients and 50 subjects positive to balsams were tested with the 35 essential oils most frequently used in Polish cosmetics. The frequency of sensitivity to the particular oils is noted and the index of sensitization calculated as the amount of oil/kg used annually for the production of Polish cosmetics per one patient positive to this oil. The correlation of positive tests to essential oils with positive tests to four balsams of the standard series is shown.


Contact sensitivity to emulsifiers.

Contact sensitivity to emulsifiers. Common emulsifiers were tested in over 1,200 patients with eczema. Triethanolamine stearate tested at 5% in petrolatum caused irritant reactions in 9.5% of the patients. On the other hand, non-ionic emulsifying agents tested at 10-20% produced irritation in only a few cases. Allergic reactions were found in 2.1% of those tested. Lanette, sorbitan sesquioleate, the Spans, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative, and triethanolamine stearate each elicited allergic reactions in 0.3-0.7% of the cases. The Tweens caused an allergy in only two cases, but glycerol monostearate caused no reaction at all. Five out of six patients sensitive to sorbitan sesquioleate reacted positively to the Spans as well. The patients allergic to one or more emulsifiers were also sensitive to several other substances included in our routine test series with the exception of four patients who reacted only to the emulsifying agents.


Standardization of patch tests in Japan. In order to standardize patch tests in Japan a comparative study of our former method of patch testing with that recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) was carried out with the collaboration of dermatologists in the Mid-Japan Dermatological Society. The following differences were observed between the two methods of patch testing: 1. Four out of five ICDRG allergens which were common in Japanese standard allergen series--formaldehyde, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate--showed higher reactivity than those of Japanese allergens. The other allergen, paraphenylenediamine (PPD), showed the same reactivity as Japanese PPD. Cobalt chloride of ICDRG origin showed a particularly higher reactivity than the Japanese one (a=0.05) 2. Higher reactivity was observed at the 48-h reading when aqueous reagents were patch-tested using Torii-Ban, Miniplaster and Leukotest, which are all popular in Japan. This higher reactivity could be attributed to the lint gauze of plasters which are pre-treated with fluorescent whitener. 3. The incidence of reactivity of the ICDRG allergens in Japan was also studied in order to establish a new standard allergen series.


Photoepicutaneous testing: influence of the vehicle, occlusion time and concentration of the test substances on the results. The effects of various vehicles, the occlusion time and the concentration of the test substances on the phototoxic reactions were studied using the Finn Chamber method in photoepicutaneous testing, with methoxsalen and coal tar as test substances. Petrolatum proved to be a suitable base for methoxsalen and carbowax for coal tar. The optimal concentration of coal tar was 5% and that of methoxalen 0.03-0.05%. The optimal occlusion time for methoxsalen was 1-2 hours and for coal tar 24 hours. It was concluded that in order to obtain the most reliable results, these parameters should be determined separately for every photosensitizing compound to be tested.


Thiuram-mix.

Thiuram-mix.


Organizational processes in motor control.


Chlorpromazine and aging in the brain.

Chlorpromazine and aging in the brain.


Concentration of sialic acids in submandibular glands of young and old rats treated with isoproterenol.


Changes in rat liver ornithine decarboxylase activity during ageing and effect of stimulation by dexamethasone.


Microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity and senescence--II. In vivo and in vitro hepatic drug metabolism in rats of different ages following partial hepatectomy.


Subcellular distribution of renal and hepatic catalase activity in senescent rodents.


Longitudinal and cross-sectional observations of growth and body composition with age in laboratory populations of the male annual cyprinodont fish, Nothobranchius guentheri.


Age-dependent ploidy class changes in mouse hepatocyte nuclei as revealed by Feulgen-DNA cytofluorometry.


Effects of alpha-tocopherol on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in serum and hepatic subcellular organelles and lipid metabolism.


Labeling index (triatiated thymidine) of the synovium of mice at different ages.


Effects of spontaneous hypertension and age on arterial connective tissue in the rat.


Age dependent changes in body weight, haematocrit and corticosteroids following sequential castration in rats with a high incidence of spontaneous tumours.


An autoradiographic investigation of 3H-uridine utilization by aging mouse cartilage cells.


The structural relationship of phorbol and cortisol: a possible mechanism for the tumor promoting activity of phorbol.


Activation of alpha-carbons of amides.

Activation of alpha-carbons of amides.


Ambivalent effect of protein binding on computed distributions of metal ions complexed by ligands in blood plasma. Although the absolute concentrations of metal complexes in blood plasma are controlled by protein binding, the percentage distribution of transition metal ions amongst low molecular weight ligands is not. Thus, computer simulations which omit protein equilibria can nevertheless afford reliable information about such metals in the biofluid.


Some properties of cholinesterase of the plant nematode Aphelenchoides ritzema-boosi. Activity and properties of cholinesterase from Aphelenchoides ritzema-boosi, a plant feeding nematode, were investigated by testing the reaction of the enzyme with different substrates and inhibitors. Butyrylthiocholine was a better substrate than propionyl- and acetylthiochine. When compared with mammaliian erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase, the nematode enzyme was found to be extremely insensitive towards a number of well-known organophosphorus and carbamate inhibitors.


Subcellular localization of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase in spinach leaves. A combination of differential centrifugation and isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation of extracts from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) shows that about 20% of the O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase are associated with chloroplasts. No appreciable amounts of O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase band with mitochondrial and peroxisomal marker enzymes.


Interaction between the soluble and particulate neuraminidases of chick liver. The sum of the neuraminidase activities found in the isolated soluble and particulate fractions of chick liver was considerably higher than that observed in the cytoplasmic extract from which these fractions were obtained. Addition of increasing amounts of particulate neuraminidase to a constant amount of the soluble preparation resulted in a progressive loss of enzyme activity.


Synthesis of bradykinin potentiating pentapeptide (BPP5a).


On the nature of protein benzoquinone complexes.


Adriamycin-induced chromosome damage: elevated frequencies of isochromatid aberrations in G2 and S phases. Analysis of chromosomes from cells treated with adriamycin during G2 and S phases showed a high frequency of isochromatid-type of breaks, in addition to the expected chromatid breaks. These are interpreted as independent breaks on sister chromatids because of preferential effects of the drug in specific chromosome regions. The break points are likely to be different, but morphologically such breaks would be indistinguishable from isochromatid or chromosome breaks.


Light stimulated 'shunt-metabolism' succinate-alpha-ketoglutarate-isocitrate cycle and accumulation of citric acid in Aspergillus niger. Studies with light of the visible range had shown that light plays significant role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of citric acid in Aspergillus niger. Accumulation of 14C-labelled carbon atoms in alpha-ketoglutaric, isocitric, succinic and glycolic acids in the cultures grown under illumination suggest a probable 'shunt-metabolism' leading to the succinate-alpha-ketoglutarate-isocitrate (SKI) cycle. This shunt metabolism minimizes the accumulation of citric acid in cultures due to depletion of intermediates.


Actinomycin-resistant antiviral activity associated with preparations containing chicken interferon. Crude and purified preparations containing chicken interferon show a 2fold antiviral activity. One is inhibited by actinomycin and leads to total inhibition if interferon is added to cells before actinomycin, the other is insensitive to actinomycin and leads to partial inhibition if interferon is added simultaneously with or after actinomycin.


Effects of plant hormones on leucine aminotransferase in pea (Pisum sativum).


Gonadectomy and growth of Taenia crassiceps (Cestoda) cysticerci in mice. Gonadectomy of SWR of both sexes significantly reduced the number of cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps, 60 days post infection. There was a significant decrease in the total number of larvae and the number of nonbudding individuals, corresponding with increased number of budding larvae. This indicates that the asexual multiplication of cysticerci in populations from gonadectomized mice was inhibited.


The generation of toxic activity from trypanosoma congolense. Trypanosoma congolense organism, on incubation at 20 degrees C for 91/2h, were found to generate phospholipase like activity which was capable of mediating lysis of both nucleated cells and erythrocytes as well as acute inflammatory response on intradermal inoculation.


Investigations of the toxic effects of Bayer 73 (Bayluscid WP) on eggs and yolk-sac larvae of Tilapia leucosticta (Cichlidae).


The glycocalyx of the epithelial cells of the colon, observed in normal and ulcerous colitic conditions. Biopsies of subjects affected by ulcerous colitis were stained with ruthenium Red. Alterations of the cellular coat and glycocalyx of the epithelial cells of the colon were identified.


The influence of early nutrition and environmental rearing on brain growth and behaviour. Preweaning malnutrition permanently reduced brain size and cellular content but in spite of changes in the adrenocotical stress response no learning deficit was observed. Differential rearing environments did not influence the effects of malnutrition.


Modification of visual signals by nigral stimulation. Responses of the lateral geniculate neurons to light were modified by stimulation of the substantia nigra. Nigral stimulation often caused enhancement of firing in neurons responding primarily to flash, but it usually had the contrary effect on units inhibited by light.


Study of the characteristics of the inotropic effect of insulin in rabbit papillary muscle. The effect of insulin was examined with emphasis on the alteration in the force-frequency relation. The results show that insulin does not change the time to peak tension nor the time of contraction. The inotropic effect was significant and did not depend upon the frequency of stimulation. However, there was a definite dependence of the magnitude of the inotropic effect on temperature. Previous studies have indicated that the inotropic effect is not a result of increased substrate availability or changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. These results and those reported here are consistant with the hypothesis that insulin's inotropic effect is due to increases in intracellular Ca++.


Reticular potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of individual semicircular canals. Responses of pontine reticular formation neurons following single shock electrical stimulation of single semicircular canals were recorded with tungsten microelectrodes in 40 curarized guinea-pigs. The field and unitary potentials obtained from 62 reticular sites, exhibited latency values ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 msec. The early latencies (0.3-0.5 msec) have been interpreted as responses mediated by primary vestibular fibres projecting directly to the reticular substance.


Effects of three synthetic peptides analogous to neurophypophyseal hormones on the excitability of giant neurones of Achatina fulica Férussac. Deamino-dicarba-(D-D)oxytocin and D-D-Arg-vasotocin at 10(-4)Kg/l showed an excitatory effect on the periodically oxcillating neurone (PON) of Achatina fulica Férussac. D-D-Arg-vasopressin had no effect.


Metabolism of a biliary metabolite of phenacetin and other acetanilides by the intestinal microflora.


Potentiation by taurine of the inotropic effect of ouabain and the content of intracellular Ca++ and taurine in the heart. Under certain conditions, taurine (3.0mM) potentiated cardiac contractile response to ouabain in the normal medium. The potentiation by taurine was also observed in the low K+ medium, in which the positive inotropic effect of ouabain increased. The potentiation as seen in both media was, at least in part, due to the increase by taurine of Ca++ content in the heart. Taurine in the heart was not directly related to this potentiation.


Comparison of the ototoxic effect of kanamycin on albino and pigmented rats, studied using an operant method. A study was made of the effect of daily administration of kanamycin (400 mg kg-1) on the hearing of Wistar albino and Lister hooded (pigmented) rats, which had been conditioned to discriminate an acoustic signal. In all animals except one, the drug caused severe, permanent hearing impairment and there was no difference between albino and pigmented rats in onset or degree. Other work has suggested a mediatory role for melanin pigment in such drug ototoxicity but the significance of this must be questioned in view of the failure to find any differences in functional deficit.


Pseudolymphoma of skin induced by oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) venom. Intradermal injection of saline suspension of Vespa orientalis venom sac to 57 black mice caused a local nodule composed of lymphocytes, few histiocytes and plasma cells 10 to 12 days following the injection. This reaction simulates the pseudolymphoma reaction observed in humans following arthropode stings.


Intracisternal A type particles of the extraocular muscle of hereditary muscular dystrophy mouse. Intracisternal A type virus (IA) particles were observed in the extraocular muscle fiber of hereditary muscular dystroph mouse. The particles appeared approximately 65-75 mmu in diameter, with electron lucent cores.


Cilia in human fetal Schwann cells.

Cilia in human fetal Schwann cells.


Cell proliferation in the bone marrow and thymus following partial bone marrow aspiration.


A transmission and scanning electron microsope study of primary neural induction. Normal primary neural induction has been further studied by TEM and SEM. A single mesoderm cell is usually in contact with several ectoderm cells. The mesoderm cells are also contacting other mesoderm cells. It is suggested that ectoderm cells are induced in groups and that induction is synchronized by these contacts. At the points of contact between mesoderm and ectoderm cells cytoplasmic changes are present in the induced tissue.


Nephrocompensatory growth following thymectomy. Thymectomy performed 28 days before unilateral nephrectomy produced significant inhibition in compensatory renal growth (CRG) in 3-6-month-old rats. Sera from thymectomized animals are not deprived of their renotrophic activity, but thymectomy of serum recipients almost abolished the capability of renotrophic serum to produce CRG.


In vitro culture of larval amphibian erythroblasts. A larval erythroblast culture method is described. By this method, it is possible to cultivate for several weeks a homogeneous population of cells (5-10(5) cells/ml medium on average after 4 or 5 days of culture), which are relatively synchronous with regard to their state of differentiation.


Alternative complement pathway: activity levels in allogeneic pregnancy. Classical and alternative complement pathway activities have been evaluated in sera of women in progressive stages of gestation and in pregnant mice belonging to outbred or inbred matings, as compared to suitable controls. While classical C pathway was found to be unmodified, the alternative one attained in pregnancy significantly higher activity levels. Results are discussed in the light of mother-conceptus relationships.


Mast cells in the pinna of Balb/c 'nude' (nu/nu) and heterozygotes (ny/+)mice. The relative number of mast cells in the ear lobes' skin (pinna) of nude (athymic) nu/nu and normal (thymic) nu/+ heterozygotes of Balb/c mice was similar. The results obtained contradict some suggestions about the general influence of the thymus on the number of mast cells in the skin and suggest the existence of some local factor(s) in regulation of skin mast cell numbers.


Serum immunoconglutinins and complement in systemic lupus erythematosus.


Lack of platelet factor-3 activation after incubation of platelet-rich plasma with kaolin in the rat. Stypven times, measured in rat platelet-rich plasma (P.R.P.) after incubation with kaolin, did not shorten as incubation proceeded, thus reflecting the lack of development of platelet factor-3 (PF3) availability in this test system. Repeated freezing and thawing of P.R.P. or aggregation with collegan did result in PF-3 availability. Aggregation and PF-3 availability were inhibited by the compound VK774. These findings add another aspect to the list of species differences in platelet function.


Serum and bile modifications in the guinea-pig following chronic treatment with PGE1 and PGE2. PGE1 increases cholesterolemia without lipemia modifications. In bile there are not modifications in cholesterol levels and total lipids appear diminished. PGE2 raise the lipemia and have no effect in cholesterolemia, moreover bile cholesterol and total lipids exhibit no changes. Both PGE1 and PGE2 decreased the bile volume.


Conversion of testosterone to androstenedione by liver homogenates of testicular feminized mice.


In vitro effect of dexamethasone in conversion of 4-14C progesterone in the fetal rat adrenal glands.


The micro-focal x-ray unit and its application to bio-medical research. The micro-focal X-ray unit is a modified Cosslett and Nixon X-ray microscope of greater operational stability and flexibility. Its combination with a closed circuit television system provides a quick method of obtaining a point source of X-rays to examine the detailed structure of organs and biological specimens.


RNA biosynthesis in isolated prothoracic glands of Tenebrio molitor in vitro.


Ovarian LDH activity in gonadotropin-treated immature rats. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was studied in the ovaries of immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS). LDH activity increased sharply at 36 h after PMS injection in the ovarian tissue as well as in the blood. It was suggested that the increase of LDH activity in the ovary may be related to its increasing ability to secrete estrogen.


An inexpensive cuvet for spectrophotometry of samples in 5 mul volumes.


Directional non-uniformity of pulsatile intramyocardial pressure. A method using piezoelectric ceramics was newly devised which permitted measurements of intramyocardial pressure. In open-chest dogs, a directional non-uniformity of the intramyocardial pressure was observed, which may be attributable to the variation in the myocardial fibre orientation.


A heated stage and tissue culture chamber for electrophysiology. A simple, inexpensive heating circuit is described for use with a warmed microscope stage, small tissue bath, and heated tissue culture chamber. A major consideration in the design of the apparatus is a compatability with electrophysiological studies. Thus, proper shielding and low profile for microelectrode positioning are featured.


Haematuria and haemoglobinuria in induced septic abortions. (Report of 3 cases).


Septic abortion--three year study 1971-1973. Hazards of septic abortion as compared to medical termination of pregnancy at Government Erskine Hospital, Madurai.


Abortion and renal failure.

Abortion and renal failure.


Impact of abortion hazards on Family Planning Programme.


Serum FSH, LH (HCG) and prolactin levels during and after labour.


Effect of proluton depot on postpartum milk secretion.


Role of emergency hysterectomy in obstetrics.


Prolapse of the uterus complicating labour (A study of 38 cases).


Compound presentation and their management.


Maternal haemoglobin and fetal birth weight.


Comparative evaluation of urinary oestriol in normal and abnormal pregnancy in low socioeconomic classes.


Calmpose in labour.

Calmpose in labour.


Obstetric behaviour in teenagers. (a study of 1138 consecutive cases).


Artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination.


An optimal contraceptive pill. (A clinical study).


Fertility status following extrauterine gestation.


Failures following tubal sterilisation.

Failures following tubal sterilisation.


Effect of Placentrex on tubal blockage and menstrual irregularities.


Placenta diffusa percreta.

Placenta diffusa percreta.


Abdominal pregnancy - (3 Case reports).

Abdominal pregnancy - (3 Case reports).


A rare complication of twin pregnancy: impaction of twins. (Case report).


An interesting case of unilateral fused kidneys with haematometra.


Precocious puberty.

Precocious puberty.


Hydrosalpinx following tubal ligation.

Hydrosalpinx following tubal ligation.


Testicular feminization syndrome.

Testicular feminization syndrome.


Degenerating cervical myoma simulating chronic puerperal inversion and gangrene of uterus - (Report of a case).


Central rupture of perineum. (A case report).


Lung carcinomas induced by oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in rats. The oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) in drinking water induced lung tumors in high incidence in rats at 25 weeks. Histologically, they were adenoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and combined squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Metastases of adenocarcinoma were observed in regional lymph nodes. The development of tumors in other sites was seen in the liver, thyroid, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and pancreas. The incidence of lung tumor was distinctly higher than that of other sites. These results indicate that the target organ of DHPN was the lung and that oral administration of this chemical carcinogen was responsible for the development of lung carcinomas in rats.


Mouse strain differences in macrophage activation and anti-tumor activity induced by Propionibacterium acnes (anaerobic coryneforms). Effect of Propionibacterium acnes on macrophage activation and antitumor activity was examined in ddN and SL mice. (1) Carbon clearance was enhanced to the same extent by P. acnes  treatment in both strains. (2) Number of peritoneal macrophages increased to the same extent by P. acnes treatment in both strains. (3) Adhesiveness of peritoneal macrophages, as demonstrated by inhibition or migration or an increase in spreading cells, was enhanced more efficiently in ddN than in SL mice P. acnes treatment. (4) Mice of both strains died in a similar patterns, when they were not pretreated in any way. The treatment with P. acnes conferred antitumor activity of a higher degree in ddN than in SL mice. (5) Peritoneal macrophages of ddN mice treated with P. acnes exhibited an antitumor activity in in vivo neutralization test. These results suggest that strain difference in augmentation of antitumor activity by P. acnes is ascribed to distinct sensitivity of macrophage functions to a stimulative effect of P. acnes in the mouse strains.


Comparative studies on the antitumor effect on intravenous administration of carbazilquinone and mitomycin-C. Comparison between Carbazilquinone and Mitomycin-C, both of which contain aziridinyl, carbamoyloxy, and quinonyl groups, was made for their therapeutic effect upon intravenous administration. Although both agents exhibited a significant effect on plasmacytoma X5563 in C3H/He mice to a similar extent, Mitomycin-C was not as effective on lympholeukemia L-1210 and on the lung metastasis of Ehrlich carcinoma in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice as was Carbazilquinone. Possible interpretations regarding this discrepancy are discussed.


Biochemical study of pyloric metaplasia in the mucosa regenerating over iodoacetamide-induced fundic ulcers in rat stomach. The molecular species and content of pepsinogen in regenerated mucosa over fundic ulcers induced in a rat stomach by iodoacetamide were found to be the same as those in normal pyloric mucosa, but different from those in normal fundic mucosa.


Damage and repair of rat liver DNA by simultaneous oral administration of amines and nitrite. The effect of simultaneous oral administration of dimethylamine or aminopyrine and sodium nitrite on the damage and repair of rat liver DNA was studied by the use of centrifugation in alkaline sucrose gradient. Fragmentation of the intact DNA was observed significantly shortly after combined treatment with aminopyrine and nitrite when no liver necrosis occurred yet and the damaged DNA at the lower dosage level of aminopyrine with nitrite was found to be repaired in contrast to the increased activity of serum aminotransferase. The lowest effective dose on DNA damage at 2 hr after administration was about 40 mg/kg of aminopyrine and 80 mg/kg of sodium nitrite. This effect was equal to that caused by single oral administration of 2 to 10 mg/kg of dimethylnitrosamine, while dimethylamine at 160 or 320 mg/kg together with 80 mg/kg of sodium nitrite produced no pronounced DNA damage. The significant damage of rat liver DNA by aminopyrine and nitrite correlates well with the easier nitrosation of aminopyrine and the occurrence of high incidence of malignant liver tumors in rats fed aminopyrine together with nitrite already reported by Lijinsky.