Substance P radioimmunoassay using Nalpha-tyrosyl-substance P and demonstration of the presence of substance P-like immunoreactivities in human blood and porcine tissue extracts. Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for substance P was developed using synthetic substance P and 125I-Nalpha-tyrosyl-substance P. Substance P-human alpha-globulin conjugate was used for production of anti-substance P antisera in rabbits. Synthetic substance P was used as a standard and the dextran-coated charcoal method was employed to separate the free peptide from that bound to antibodies. No cross-reactions by physalaemin and eledoisin observed in this system proved its high specificity to substance P. Nalpha-Tyrosyl-substance P and [Tyr1]-substance P showed the displacement curves indistinguishable from that of the standard substance P. Neither substance P5-11 nor substance P6-11 competed with the tracer at the concentration used. The minimum measurable dose of substance P by the assay system was 2.5-5 pg/incubate. Utilizing the system, human plasma samples from 42 healthy volunteers of both sexes were shown to contain immunoreactive substance P in amounts that averaged 298 pg/ml in male and 251 pg/ml in female. Substance P-like immunoreactivity was also demonstrated in hot-water extracts of porcine duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, middle colon, rectum, pancreas, stomach and pituitary. The highest concentration (379 ng/g wet weight of organ) was found in the pituitary, and the ileum (7.9 ng/g wet weight of organ) and jejunum (1.9 ng/g wet weight of organ) were rich in the contents.


Post-traumatic anterior pituitary insufficiency developed in a patient with partial lipodystrophy. A case of partial lipodystrophy developing anterior pituitary insufficiency, chronic glomerulonephritis and pulmonary fibrosis was reported. The patient died of respiratory failure secondary to pituitary crisis during the hospital course. From the clinical course in recent several years and the postmortem examination the head injury following car accident in the past history was considered to be the most plausible cause of hypopituitarism. The etiology of pulmonary fibrosis remained unresolved.


Studies on the "low dose" suppressible Cushing's disease. Diagnosis of Cushing's disease in most cases can be established by the standard dexamethasone suppression test without difficulty. However, some cases were known to be normally suppressed by the standard low dose of dexamethasone (2 mg daily). The case we encountered recently was also normally suppressed by either the rapid (Nugent) or the standard (Liddle) method. This fact prompted us to study the usefulness of a single dose of 0.5 mg of dexamethasone to suppress the plasma cortisol in the normal. It was concluded that the single oral dose of 0.5 mg of dexamethasone given at 11 p.m. on the previous night suppressed the plasma cortisol efficiently the following morning in the normal, thus making the differentiation of particular cases of Cushing's disease from the normal possible. The disappearance of plasma dexamethasone did not differ significantly between the normal and the Cushing's disease.


Initial evaluation of the multiple injury patient.


Roles of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin in diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a comparative study. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin (CT) were simultaneously determined in sera and tumor tissues from 15 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). Serum CEA was increased in all but one patient, and CT did in all of them. Both levels were significantly related to the weight of excised tumor, but not to the presence of metastasis. Furthermore, a significant correlation was noted between the basal levels of CT and CEA. Both levels fell to normal after a radical operation had been performed. Tissue concentrations of CEA and CT in the MCT were more than 100 times those in hyperthyroidism, and the ratios of tissue over serum levels averaged 770 in CEA and 1000 in CT. In the calcium infusion test, CEA levels were not significantly changed in contrast with a distinct increase in CT levels. The results indicate that CEA and CT represent separate activities of the tumor cells, and that circulating CEA together with CT is a useful indicator in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease.


Purification and properties of whale thyroid-stimulating hormone III. Properties of isolated multiple components. Properties of the four purified components of whale thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been compared. The amino acid composition shows close similarity among these components. Their hexosamine and sialic acid contents are of the same magnitude, whereas the neutral sugar composition differs somewhat from each other. The molecular weight of whale TSH determined by sedimentation equilibrium is 29,000, and no difference in molecular weight as well as in Stokes radius as determined by gel filtration has been detected among these four components. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of whale TSH resemble those of TSH from other species, especially those of non-primate mammalian TSH. Whale TSH contains, unlike bovine TSH but like human TSH, 1-2 residues of sialic acid as a constituent carbohydrate.


Fetal rat adrenal steroidogenesis and steroid transfer to adrenalectomized mother. On the 22nd day of gestation in rats, fetuses of acutely adrenalectomized mothers were injected subcutaneously with 0.43 muCi 4-14C-progesterone in 0.05 ml saline. Ten and 20 min after injection to fetuses, samples were taken to determine the 14C-progesterone metabolites in the plasma and adrenal glands. After extraction of the samples taken, the metabolites were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and identified by autoradiography. 11-deoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone were identified in the plasma of injected fetuses, and, in far smaller amounts, in the plasma of their mothers. The plasma of noninjected fetuses also contained very small amounts of these corticoids. The fetal adrenal glands contained far smaller amounts of radioactive steroids than the fetal plasma did. The results obtained show that steroids of fetal origin can cross the placenta in and out, constituting evidence that the fetal adrenal glands are the only source of the plasma corticoids of their adrenalectomized mothers.


What does it take to make an auto rescue squad?


Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


The dentist: an overlooked resource.

The dentist: an overlooked resource.


Communications.

Communications.


Variety of GH and TSH responses to somatostatin in perfused rat pituitaries in vitro. One male rat pituitary placed in a chamber was perifused with cyclic somatostatin (GIF) for 30 min. Either 160 nM or 1.6 muM GIF caused a decrease in the release of GH. The release of TSH was also decreased by 160 nM GIF, and paradoxically increased by 1.6 muM GIF. Increasing the dose of GIF to 16 muM resulted in an abrupt rise in the release of both GH and TSH during the perfusion; then the level of GH decreased to the nadir level followed by an elevation above the base line, while that of TSH promptly fell back toward the base line. The release of PRL was not clearly affected by 16 muM GIF. [Tyr8]-GIF did not have such stimulatory activities. These results indicate that GIF not only inhibits the release of GH and TSH, but also stimulates that of GH and TSH in this system, depending on its dose.


Equipment. Improving ambulance electrical systems. II.


First Forum debate: Funding of pre-hospital EMS is the responsibility of the public sector.


Relevant health and nutrition education.


Food additives and health: a challenge for nutrition educators.


Emergency assistance: the nature and organization of disaster relief.


The liver plasma membrane as a functional mosaic.


Pyruvate carboxylase: Effect of acetyl-coenzyme A on the second partial reaction.


Organization of the kidney proximal-tubule plasma membrane.


The effect of hypoglycin on some parameters of glucose metabolism in the rat.


A thin-layer-chromatographic method for the separation of sugar phosphates.


Purification and properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from a crassulacean plant Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi.


Carbohydrate metabolism in Chinese-hamster cells.


Reversible (near-equilibrium) reactions and substrate cycles.


Effects of tryptophan on gluconeogenesis in the rat and the guinea pig.


Human hexokinase isoenzymes of muscle in health and disease.


Multiple forms of hepatic glucokinase.

Multiple forms of hepatic glucokinase.


Properties of the isocitrate synthase system from rat liver.


The influence of acetate on matrix-bound creatine kinase.


Liver sinusoid surface membranes and glycoprotein secretion.


Re-examination of the molecular weight of chymotryptic inhibitor I from potatoes.


Haem biosynthesis and hydroxylation of phenazone during lead intoxication.


The effect of 4-ethyl-5-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-delta3-pyrrolin-2-one on porphyrin synthesis in the rat.


Effect of phenobarbitone and indoxyl sulphate on biliary excretion of foreign organic compounds during administration of carbon tetrachloride.


Inhibition of human placental oestradiol-17beta dehydrogenase by adenosine triphosphate: the importance of the coenzyme.


The effect of perphenazine treatment on testosterone metabolism by established rat mammary carcinomas.


Binding of bile acids to 100000g supernatants from rat liver.


The protein content of the magnum of the domestic fowl in relation to the secretion and synthesis of albumin.


Constitutivity of the mandelate enzymes in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, N.C.I.B. 8250, and its effect on the synthesis of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase.


The protomer isoinhibitors of chymotryptic inhibitor I from potatoes.


A model system for measuring enzyme reactions under conditions of water limitation comparable with those existing in unimbibed resting seeds.


The relationship between cod egg protein and its precursor.


A radioimmunoassay for chromosomal proteins.


The importance of changes in membrane transport in lymphocyte activation by phytohaemagglutinin.


The mechanism of mitochondrial maturation in the liver of the perinatal rat.


Evolutionary conservation of methylated sequences in vertebrate nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid.


Comparative aspects of ribosome-membrane interactions in rat liver and brain cortex in vitro.


Developmental changes in brain-specific enolase isoenzymes.


Evidence for the existence of a proteoglycan in sheep brain.


Copper and caeruloplasmin in schizophrenia.


The kinetics of human erythrocyte acetylcholine hydrolase before and after solubilization with Triton X-100.


Analytical subcellular fractionation of jejunal biopsies from human subjects.


The biosynthesis of rat serum apolipoproteins by liver and intestinal mucosa.


Biochemical studies on anaemia of pregnancy.


Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase activities in lactating mammary gland of the rabbit.


Precocious stimulation of hepatic 'malic' enzyme activity in ovo following a pituitary graft.


Evidence for the release in vitro of iodothyronine deiodase activity from normal human thyroid cells.


Isotopic exchange studies on the type-L pyruvate kinase from pig liver.


Substrate inhibition of pyruvate kinase isolated from the leg muscle of Carcinus maenas.


Changes in protein biosynthesis and enzyme activities during erythroid-cell differentiation.


Biosynthesis and metabolism of polyamines and S-adenosylmethionine in the rat.


The usefulness of 'futile cycles'.

The usefulness of 'futile cycles'.


The use of [14C,3H] glucose in the study of so-called 'futile cycles' in liver.


User evaluation of housing for the elderly.


Assessing the need for semi-dependent housing for the elderly.


Reminiscing and ego integrity in institutionalized elderly males.


A program for the elderly at a private psychiatric hospital.


Marriage and remarriage rates among older Americans.


Significance of grandparents. Perceptions of young adult grandchildren.


Revenue sharing: implications for policy and research in aging.


Neighborhood conditions of the aged and local government.


Designing a training program for understanding sensory losses in aging.


Perceived age discrimination in a sample of aerospace employees.


Anthropology and the aged. A preliminary community study.


A human relations approach to problem solving.


Humanism and the humanities of aging.

Humanism and the humanities of aging.


Public policy issues of women in transition.


Toward a comprehensive information system in gerontology. A survey of problems, resources, and potential solutions.


Fear of crime among the aged.

Fear of crime among the aged.


The fear of crime and its consequences among elderly in three urban communities.


Attitudes toward aging: increasing optimism found with age.


Older people in adolescent literature.

Older people in adolescent literature.


Attitudes toward aging and behaviors toward the elderly among young people as a function of death anxiety.


The relative impact of congregate and traditional housing on elderly tenants.


A senior center in public housing for the elderly.


Quality of care in old age institutions.


A discount program for older persons: a limited method for extending income.


Aging in America toward the year 2000.

Aging in America toward the year 2000.


Institutional origins of articles in The Gerontologist: 1961-1975.


The Goodmayes psychiatric service for old people.


Recent trends in malposition terminology: a way out of semantic confusion.


Diagnosis and nomenclature in congenital cardiac lesions.


Valvular heart disease and familial hyperlipoproteinaemic xanthomatosis.


Role of glucose and insulin in the management of congestive heart failure (a preliminary communication).


Left ventricular filling pattern in constrictive pericarditis.


A profile of sick sinus syndrome.

A profile of sick sinus syndrome.


Stability of bundle branch block.

Stability of bundle branch block.


Study of urinary excretion of catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction.


Electrophysiological studies in the syndrome of a short P-R interval and normal QRS complex.


Ectopia cordis.

Ectopia cordis.


Abnormal second heart sound in hypoplastic right heart complex.


Reverse dhumti smoking in Goa: an epidemiologic study of 5449 villagers for oral precancerous lesions.


High speed pneumatic drill biopsy in palapable lesions of the breast.


Diagnostic difficulties in cardinoma of oesophagus.


Space-occupying mediastinal masses: a clinicopathological profile.


Dermatomic areas and the genesis of melanomas.


Histological assessment of cytologically abnormal smears.


Studies on histocompatibility antigens in an inbred mouse strain showing spontaneous mammary tumour and leukaemia.


Fatty acid composition of lipids from subcellular fractions of human malignant cervical and mouse fibrosarcoma tissues.


Serum iron and bone marrow iron stores in cases of leukaemias and lymphomas.


Serum phosphohexose isomerase in cancer.


Fibrosarcoma of the thyroid.

Fibrosarcoma of the thyroid.


Clinical dosimetry of extended field radiation in cancer cervix.


Mammary liposarcoma--report of a case.

Mammary liposarcoma--report of a case.


Leiomyosarcoma of Meckel's diverticulum.


Tuberculosis of the oesophagus: a case report.


Epidemiology of cancer in the Indian subcontinent.


Prevalence of skin diseases and detection of fungi of known medical importance at high altitude hilly areas.


Epidermolysis bullosa (report of 7 cases in two families).


What is the place of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology today.


Succinic dehydrogenase activity in leukocytes.


Gastric carcinoma; an entity-unitary or divisible.


Serological response and serum immunoglobulin levels in volunteers immunized with cholera toxin.


Erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at Varanasi.


Primary amyloidosis associated with multiple malignancies.


Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.


Dyschondroplasia with haemangiomata (Maffucci's syndrome).


Study of plague in West Bengal. II. Changing pattern of rodent population.


Epidemiological models.

Epidemiological models.


Study of fertility pattern in a rural community.


Use of discriminant analysis for improving treatment completion in District Tuberculosis Programme.


Demographic impact of Gujarat mass vasectomy campaigns.


Weight gain in pregnancy among underprivileged Bengali Hindu women.


An operational model of the District Tuberculosis Programme.


Status of smallpox in India and the achievement.


Chronic organophosphorus poisoning in pesticide workers.


Evolution of smallpox eradication programme in India.


Fluorogenic detection of primary amines in plant histochemistry with fluorescamine: a comparative study on the effects of coagulant and non-coagulant fixatives. The new highly sensitive method of fluorescamine reaction for the topochemical detection of primary amino groups was studied as a substitude of ninhydrin-Schiff's reaction for the localisation of total proteins in plant tissues. The influence of various coagulant and non-coagulant fixatives on the induction of fluorescamine fluorescence was examined: ethanol, formaldehyde gas and solution, glutaraldehyde, acrolein, osmium tetroxide, Bouin, Rossman, Clarke and Zenker's fluids and FMA were employed. It was found that the use of the fluorogenic method is conditioned by the fixative ability to keep the amino groups disposable and by its capability to reduce the natural autofluorescence of plant material. A detailed account of the fixation methodology demonstrated that non-coagulant acrolein and coagulant mercuric chloride are the most promising fixatives for the use of the fluorescamine reaction in plant histochemistry.


Causes of death among the aged (55 year and over) in Nagpur City, 1957-72.


Iodide, thiocyanate and cyanide ions as capturing reagents in one-step copper-thiocholine method for cytochemical localization of cholinesterase activity. The necessity of the presence of iodide in Cu-ThCh reaction was investigated by following the precipitate formation "in vitro" and by evaluating the ultrastructural localization of the precipitate in sympathetic ganglion cells of the frog and in the end-plate regions of the rat diaphragm. It was found that thiocyanate or cyanide is the only anion that can be substituted for iodide as the capturing agent in precipitation. The optimal concentration in the preincubation and incubation media of any one of the three anions is from 2 to 5 mM. At a concentration below 1 mM precipitation "in vitro" is considerably delayed as a result of which in electron microscopy diffusion artefacts appear in tissue sections. The unconverted primary precipitate obtained in the presence of iodide had been used for ultrastructural localization of ChE activity and now this use has been extended to precipitates obtained in the presence of CN- or CNS-. Better-quality localization in the presence of either one of the latter anions suggests that they, and particularly CN-, should be substituted for I- in the one-step Cu-ThCh method for the cytochemistry of cholinesterases.


Influence of age and sex on blood pressure level in a rural population of age 20 years and above in West Bengal.


"Hepatitis "B" antigen in voluntary blood donors in Miraj area".


Paraganglia in the urogential tract of man. According to the earlier concept, the paraganglia of man are believed to degenerate during the first postnatal years after their dominance during the fetal period. Clinical case reports on persisting paraganglia led us to extensive exploration of surgical material obtained from urological and gynecological surgery. The formaldehyde induced fluorescence (FIF) was used for tracing the catecholamine containing tissues. The fluorescence intensities were recorded with a Leitz MPV 2 microspectrophotometer. Solitary, small paraganglia were found in all patients studied. They were especially frequent in the walls of the urinary bladder and in the connective tissue surrounding the urogenital organs. The intensity of the fluorescence was comparable to pharmacological standard of 10(-2) M noradrenaline and at the same level as the FIF of human fetal paraganglia. All cells of the paraganglionic clusters exhibited FIF and no signs of degeneration could be observed. It is suggested that the paraganglia of man do not degenerate postnatally but persist as a remarcable catecholamine reservoir, which might be of physiological importance.


Histochemical properties of spermatozoa and somatic cells. III. Depolymerization and extraction of DNA during Feulgen acid. The Feulgen acid hydrolysis patterns of chromatin of different biochemical composition and compactness were analyzed. It was found that the purine extraction rate during acid hydrolysis was affected by the addition of NaCl or 2-mercaptoethanol to the hydrolysis bath. The maximum DNA depolymerization rate was directly correlated to the depurination rate but the extraction rate of hydrolysed DNA was in addition dependent on the stability of the surrounding protein matrix. The results indicate that the diffusion of DNA fragments is partially obstructed in extremely stabilized chromatins (e.g. bull spermatozoa). It is assumed that the extraction pattern of DNA is mainly dependent on the size of the fragments which leave the chromatin by diffusion. It appears that basic proteins do not influence the depolymerization of DNA but there are indications that during certain experimental conditions the purine liberation is dependent upon the chromatin structure.


Matrix organization: blueprint of nursing care organization for the 80s.


On the method of Glenner for the histochemical demonstration of the monoamine oxidase (MAO). The method of Glenner et al. for the histochemical demonstration of MAO activity was studied by means of scanning microdensitometry and discrete measurement of optical density (lambda=590 nm) of the liver and brain tissues sections. The experiments indicated that: (1) The optimal time of incubation (the thickness of sections is 15 mum) is 60-90 min. (2) The histochemical reaction proceeds with the following substrates: dopamine, noradrenalin, serotonin, and tryptamine. (3) Iproniazid is the best inhibitor for preincubation whereas for simultaneous inhibition the substrate semicarbazide is better. (4) The incubation under the anaerobic conditions caused a considerable decrease of the stain intensity of the sections. We consider these data to indicate that both the aldehydes and acids formed under oxidation may take part in direct reduction of NBT to diformazan. (5) The histochemical reaction for MAO  without substrates testifies to the presence of endogenous amines or other redox reactions leading to the reduction of NBT.


Contract management: latest development in the trend towards regionalization of hospital and health services.


Effects of rehousing of slum dwellers on the morbidity experience of pre-school children.


Scarabiasis in Kerala.

Scarabiasis in Kerala.


A completely enzymatic method for the determination of glycerophospholipids in human serum. A simple method is reported for the determination of GPL in serum, requiring small amount of sample and adequate for screening of large population groups. The method is based on the release of glycerol portion of the phospholipid molecule by the combined action of phospholipase C and lipase. The glycerol is then determined by well established methods. The importance of screening of lecithin, that accounts for more than 84% of the glycerophospholipids of serum lipoproteins, is discussed in view of lipoprotein function and structure and in view of interaction between lipoproteins and plasma membranes.


Evidence and first characterization of a glucokinase in pig erythrocytes [proceedings].


Disrespect--a study in hospital relationships.


Hospital-based ambulatory care--the wave of the future?


A processing system for elaboration of data obtained by the oxygraph. A Data Processing System is presented to resolve some problems usually present in the oxygraph research. The possibility to obtain a file of data in which each experiment is arranged as completely as possible in the description of experimental conditions and the corresponding data permits the execution of some operations such as calculations, statistical elaborations, kinetic studies, research and comparation of experiments and plotting. This system may result very helpful in the programmation of the experiments and in the elaboration of the data obtained by the oxygraph technique.


Relationships between inhibition of the tryptic and chymotryptic digestion from antiinflammatory agents and substrate structure [proceedings].


Measuring inappropriate utilization.

Measuring inappropriate utilization.


Simultaneous analysis of bases, nucleosides and nucleoside mono and polyphosphates by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) [proceedings].


Evaluation of administrative and organizational effectiveness in hospitals.


Political realities of capital formation and capital allocation.


Predicting two types of hospital innovation.


Labor-management conflict and change in a hospital.


Puzzlement for hospital planners.

Puzzlement for hospital planners.


Developing a system of large obstetrical services.


Multiple-unit hospital systems under single management.


House staff are students, not employees, NLRB rules.


Drug/alcohol abuse patients and the confidentiality of medical records.


The case for physician involvement in governance and management.


Views from the chairman.

Views from the chairman.


How to get doctors involved in governance, management.


Doctors on boards: survey tracks a growing trend.


Cookbook medicine: defined but not defended.


Student involvement in health care: the patient's perspective.


House staff union plans strategy for growth and survival.


The antitrust implications of physician walkouts.


Do we really have enough physicians?

Do we really have enough physicians?


Medical records and the patient's right to access.


Physician compensation: survey shows marked increase in contractual arrangements.


The controversy over audit methodologies.


Physician reaction to quality of care assessment by nurses.


Physician-nurse relationships.

Physician-nurse relationships.


A model for physician participation in planning.


Emergency department physician: man in the middle.


Defining the scope of physician competence.


Survey compares medical staff organization in teaching and nonteaching hospitals.


Hospital attorneys call for 'fundamental fairness' in staff discipline.


Staff bylaws: an internal code of conduct.


Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis causing nephrotic syndrome in adults.


Renal histological changes in cirrhosis of liver (a preliminary study).


Urinary indican excretion in cirrhosis of liver.


Efficacy of Cope needle in pleural biopsy.


Pancreatic diabeties in Hubli area (North Karnataka) (a preliminary report).


Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis-minimal or not-so-minimal glomerulonephritis.


Endoscopy for haematemesis and gastric ulcer.


Chondroectodermal dysplasia: Ellis van Creveld disease: (a case report).


Sudden coronary death-clinico-pathological correlation.


Diabetic state in chronic liver disease.


Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia with slow eye movements-a common hereditary ataxia in Western India.


Rheumatic heart disease-problems and promises.


Extrapyramidal syndromes complicating neuroleptic drug therapy.


A case of idiopathic haemolytic anaemia of cold antibody type having IgG specificity (a case report).


Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis.

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis.


Renal rumour with minor adenocarcinomatous and major osteosarcomatous components.


Experimental study of finite amplitude pulsatile pressure waves in elastic tubes.


Examination of elastic non-uniformity in the arterial system using a hydraulic model.


The effects of variable mass and geometry, pretwist, shear deformation and rotatory inertia on the resonant frequencies of intact long bones: a finite element model analysis.


Critical evaluation of different x-ray methods in exploration of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.


A technique for joint center analysis using a stored program calculator.


An instrumented shoe-a portable force measuring device.


Computed  tomography (c.t.) in affections of the vertebral column and of the spinal cord.


Measurements of nonhomogeneous, directional mechanical properties of articular cartilage in tension.


Three-dimensional large displacement analysis of orthodontic appliances.


The radiological investigation of metastatic invasion of the azygos node.


Orbital phlebography.

Orbital phlebography.


Effect of bending on the axisymmetric vibrations of a spheroidal model of the head.


Flexural wave propagation in discontinuous model and in vitro tibiae.


Research in orthokeratology. Part II: Experimental design, protocol and method.


The national health insurance debate: shifts toward reality?


Setting the floor: a missing ingredient in an effective health policy.


Citizen participation and health care: problems of government induced participation. In this paper we trace the implications of some common contradictions in government-inspired efforts to increase citizen participation in health care delivery. We cover general problems of generating citizen participation, specific difficulties in community organization resulting when issues of health are the organizing focus, and the benefits that were thought to result from efforts to increase citizen participation in social programs in the 1960's. When programs focused on increased citizen participation were initiated program administrators attempted to maximize citizen involvement quickly by: projecting an image of maximal social impact; minimizing or ignoring questions of long-term fiscal uncertainty; projecting an image of maximal control by citizens; and projecting images of institutional solidarity and of experimentation and innovation. They tended to recruit to the staff social activists taken to be representative of the community (although they might not be), promising opportunities for upward mobility. They also tended to adopt conciliatory administrative styles in keeping with their experimental non-elitist orientations. These tendencies characteristic of the initiation phase of projects conflicted with the demands placed upon programs in later phases of program implementation. These demands resulted from later perceived needs to: evaluate programs; limit spending; counter internal organizational opposition; and respond to sponsors' shifting interests. Paraprofessionals recruited to the staff tended to lose their "community" orientation, and administrative style tended to focus considerably more on program accountability. These shifting program demands substantially account for what otherwise appears to be the failure of efforts to increase citizens' participation in health delivery programs, and, by extension, in other areas where the impetus for increased citizen participation comes from government initiatives.


National health policy for the future.

National health policy for the future.


Federal health policy.

Federal health policy.


The challenge of comparative health policy for political science. After a brief review of the literature and some reflection on the state of the art, this paper argues that more analyses of health policy in an explicitly comparative perspective are needed. This conclusion is based on a discussion of the largely unexploited benefits that could accrue from a welding of political science and health services research and a consideration of a research design illustrating the compatibility of these two endeavors.


National health insurance--policy priorities.


Scintiscan evaluation of rheumatoid hands for monitoring the anti-inflammatory effects of drugs.


Social class, political power, and the state: their implications in medicine--parts I and II. This three part article presents an anlysis of the distribution of power and of the nature of the state in Western industrialized societies and details their implications in medicine. Part I presents a critique of contemporary theories of the Western system of power; discusses the countervailing pluralist and power elite theories, as well as those of bureaucratic and professional control; and concludes with an examination of the Marxist theories of economic determinism, structural determinism, and corporate statism. Part II presents a Marxist theory of the role, nature, and characteristics of state intervention. Part III (which will appear in the next issue of this journal) focuses on the mode of that intervention and the reasons for its growth, with an added analysis of the attributes of state intervention in the health sector, and of the dialectical relationship between its growth and the current fiscal crisis of the state. In all three parts, the focus is on Western European countries and on North America, with many examples and categories from the area of medicine.


Health planning in the United States: an old idea with a new significance. This paper examines major features of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-641), a piece of legislation that would radically restructure the health planning system of the United States. The Act combines several, previously uncoordinated, health planning and health resources development agencies into one coordinated program. The program is to consist of statutorily restricted federal agency which will generally oversee the operation of the program, a state program directed by a consumer-dominated board and a series of locally based, generally private, nonprofit, consumer-dominated corporations ("Health Systems Agencies") which will carry the bulk of the planning functions. The resource development portion of the act grants funds for a variety of programs. These include both grants and loans (at very favorable interest rates) for medical facilities. In addition there are funds available for innovative projects which hold the prospect of improving health services and environmental conditions within the community. The act also provides the states and local organizations with substantial power over a large portion of the allocations made under the Public Health Act and specifies the process by which health planning must be carried out. Each local planning agency must design a long range health plan for its community and prepare a one-year plan for carrying out portions of the health system plan. These two documents then are used to create State Health plans, plans for construction, modernization or conversion of health facilities and criteria for judging the appropriateness of health services offered in the local areas and in each state. The act seems to create a mechanism whereby the health industry could be quickly converted into a heavily regulated industry. This regulatory process could be implemented in conjunction with national health insurance or by itself.


Abortion and the law: the impact on hospital policy of the Roe and Doe decisions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effect of the U.S. Supreme Court's abortion decisions upon the policies of hospitals in Harris County (Houston), Texas. The study attempts to determine the variables associated with the hospitals' policies prior to and following the Roe and Doe decisions and which variables best explain the change (or lack of change) from the first period to the other. The principal data source is a series of in-depth personal interviews with 68 key decision-makers in 36 general hospitals in Harris county. Critical data about the hospitals' economic status were obtained from the American Hospital Association's Hospitals: Guide Issue, 1972. The major findings of the study are as follows: (1) the Roe and Doe decisions did affect hospital policy in that within a year after the High Court's rulings, hospitals evidence a dramatic shift toward more permissive abortion policies; (2) economic variables, while not having much explanatory power for pre-Roe and Doe abortion policies, were important predictors of hospital policy and of the propensity for hospitals to liberalize their abortion standards after the Supreme Court decisions; and (3) the values, attitudes, and attributes of the individual decision-makers had much to do with explaining their respective hospitals' abortion policies before and after the Supreme Court decisions and accounted for changes in abortion policy from the first to the second period. An analysis of the impact of the Supreme Court abortion-related decisions, Roe and Doe, upon the policies of hospitals in Harris County, Texas, was made. The major data source was interviews conducted with 68 decision-makers in 36 general  hospitals in the area. The effects of both economic and decision-making variables on predecision, postdecision policies and the change between the 2 was studied. It was evident that the decision did have an impact;  within a year of the decisions, there had been a statistically significant shift toward more permissive abortion policies in the hospitals studied. The content of both Court decisions is summarized. None of the economic variables was  associated with predecision policies. High staff-bed ratios and low occupancy rates were correlated with a hospital's propensity to liberalize abortion policy following the decisions. Values, attitudes, and attributes of individual  decision-makers correlated with hospital abortion policies both pre- and postdecision.  Religious identification, level of knowledge of the Court decisions, and patient care orientation correlated most strongly with predecision policy. These 3 variables plus opinions of the Court decisions correlated with postdecision policy.  Opinion about the decisions and a positive attitude toward the Court related to the greatest changes in policies. The decision-making variables seem to have greater weight than the economic factors in the change of policy. The 2 sets of  variables are not interrelated and must be studied separately. The study illustrates the influence of the Supreme Court in precipitating social change by removing legal barriers.


Exploring new ethics for public health: developing a fair alcohol policy. Alcoholism policy since the repeal of Prohibition has been largely based on the assumption that alcohol problems are the result of the failure of a small minority to "control" their drinking. Thus, in sharp contrast to the approach to other drug policies, the problem of alcohol abuse has been viewed as one of "bad users" rather than "bad substances." This regard of alcoholism has helped exonerate the majority of drinkers and the alcohol industry from responsibility. However, mounting epidemiological evidence demonstrates that a primary factor in rates of diseases such as cirrhosis is the per capita use of alcohol and suggests that alcohol problems can be controlled or reduced only if all involved in the manufacture, sale or consumption of alcohol accept the burdens of restrictions over its availability and use. This acceptance will not be forthcoming, however, unless the prevailing market ethic of individual responsibility and minimal collective obligations to protect and preserve life is replaced with a new public health ethic rooted in social justice. This new ethic would assign the highest priority to life and would stress the obligations of all citizens to share the burdens of reasonable restrictions over all health hazards. In this paper a new alcohol policy is outlined based on just and reasonable limits on the availability, marketing and consumption of this substance.


[Comparative volumetric analysis of the main subdivisions of the brain in saurian reptiles]. The volumetric measure of the main subdivisions of the brain has been carried out on 32 species of Lizards and 3 species of Snakes. The analysis of the allometrical relations between the volume (the weight) of these subdivisions and the body weight shows firstly that the evolutionary or/and adaptative processes are only located at the mesencephalic and metencephalic levels. A more elaborate study leads meanwhile to the conclusion that anothers brain structures - pallium, basal areas, dorsal thalamus - are also implicated, according to the possibility to group the various species into taxomic units (such as family) or in another way; thus it has been possible to corroborate with quantitative datas the NORTHCUTT'S definition (1972) of the Type I (Lacertomorpha) and Type II (Dracomorpha) lizards; the Dracomorpha show "dynamical" structures - pallium and dorsal thalamus - and remind, in some degree the mammal organization. Each structure in each species can be expressed by the way of a relation index; like the encephalization index, the referrence is given by the 6 Lacertidae of the sample. The analysis of these indices is carried according to the legless condition, tree-dwelling life, vision performance and the various possibilities to group the species (taxonomic units such as family or another else); the comparison of the various indices corroborates the pecularities of the Lacertomorpha on the one hand and of the Dracomorpha on the other hand. The isoponderal percentages are calculated taking into account the allometrical relations and thus are better than the relative volumes commonly used. They lead to results previously expressed by the various relation indices. The comparison between Lizards and Snakes leads to the following conclusions: Snakes are less different among themselves than the Lizards, but the species of modern type (Caenophidia) are more telencephalized; they show a proper brain organization; meanwhile the legless condition is expressed, like in the so-called lizards, by a reduced cerebellar volume.


Anatomical and experimental study of certain association fascicles in the cortex of the rabbit (Oryctalagus cuniculus). 1. All lesions resulted in degeneration of the short intracortical association fibers in cortical layer I and of the short subcortical fibers which extended to the corona radiata before ending in the deeper layers of the overlying neopallium. 2. From all the lesions fibers were traced through the corona radiata to the subcallosal or the so-called superior fronto-occipital association bundle. This bundle had projection fibers to the orbitofrontal cortex. 3. From the lesion in the orbitofrontal neopallium, the orbitofrontal-pyriform connections were established. Such fibers coursed on the dorsal edge of the lateral olfactory tract and distributed to the pyriform cortex and to the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. 4. The uncinate fasciculus of man derived its name from its arching course from the base of the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe. Because of the more caudal position of the amygdala in the rabbit, the comparable fasciculus passed directly caudally and exhibited only slight arching. This fasciculus in the rabbit had the typical dorsal and ventral parts. The dorsal part arose from the orbitofrontal cortex to distribute to the pyriform and the temporal lobe cortices. The ventral portion extended into the olfactory tuberculum and the anterior amygdaloid area. 5. The paraventricular component of the transverse frontal fasciculus interconnected the neopallium with the medial part of the olfactory tuberculum. It had origins in the frontal and possibly in other neocortical areas. 6. The cingulum interconnected the medial portion of the olfactory tubercle, the septum, the various cingulate areas and areas of the neopallium with each other. 7. Therefore, the New Zealand white rabbit had short association fibers which were mainly neopallial in origin and termination and long association fibers which had both a neopallial and a limbic component.


Maternal deaths due to haemorrhage.

Maternal deaths due to haemorrhage.


Renal injury.

Renal injury.


Pregnancy following removal of malignant ovarian tumour.


Maternal mortality:.

Maternal mortality:.


Study of lipids, fats and sulphydryl groups in vaginal cells during menstrual cycle and pregnancy.


Neurofibroma of lung.

Neurofibroma of lung.


Spinal vascular malformation.

Spinal vascular malformation.


Cytohormonal and cytochemical studies in obstetrics.


Some basic concepts about immunoglobulins.


The qualitative analysis of a difference equation of population growth.


On the differential equations of species in competition.


Regulated growth in random environments.


Visual perception of rigidity of solid shape. Organisms react to objective properties of bodies in their visual field instead of to the perpetually changing retinal images of those bodies. We show how such a faculty can be mechanized. The organism synthesizes an internal model of the external object, that is a bundle of expectations of how the visual input will transform in response to the organism's exploratory movements. We deduce the necessary structure of the internal model and we show how the organism can extract this structure from the invariant features of the sensory input transformations. With this internal model it is possible to predict the subsequent aspects (contours) of the visual object as the spatial relations of organism and object change.


The qualitative dynamics of a class of biochemical control circuits. The dynamical behavior of a class of biochemical control circuits that regulate enzyme or protein synthesis by end-product feedback is analyzed. Both inducible and repressible systems are studied and it is proven that in the former unique steady states are globally asymptotically stable. This precludes periodic solutions in these systems. A similar result holds for repressible systems under certain constraints on kinetic parameters and binding contants. However, when the reaction sequence is sufficiently long, or when a large enough number of effector molecules bind to each repressor molecule, repressible systems can show zero-amplitude ("soft") bifurcations: these are predicted by Hopf's bifurcation theorem.


The effects of multiple reflex pathways on the oscillations in neuro-muscular systems. A model of mammalian neuro-muscular systems described previously (Oguztoreli and Stein, 1975) has been extended to include multiple reflex pathways, as have been shown to exist in primates, including man (Milner-Brown et al., 1975). A number of general mathematical properties of the extended system are described. In the final section, using computer solutions, it is shown that the presence of multiple reflex pathways can effectively reduce the tendency for oscillation which will exist if high reflex gain were concentrated in a single pathway. High loop gain is desirable for good control in any negative feedback system, so the presence of multiple reflex pathways could improve reflex control, while limiting the magnitude of tremor or other unwanted oscillations in neuro-muscular systems.


Female dominant age-dependent deterministic population dynamics. In this paper the study of a nonlinear deterministic model of an age/sex differentiated population is started with a proof of existence and uniqueness of solution of the governing equation. We also obtain time dependent upper bounds to the male and female populations as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium.


Theory of the response of the limulus retina to periodic excitation. Analytical and numerical solutions are given for several problems which arise from a mathematical description of inhibitory interactions in the Limulus retina. The theory developed here takes into account the delay in lateral inhibition and the gradual decay of lateral and self-inhibition. Emphasis is laid on the calculation of responses to excitation fields which are periodic in time and either spatially uniform or of traveling wave type. The analytical solutions given are intended to help experimenters determine the range in which certain linearized equations and reduced measures of excitation are useful for the design and interpretation of experiments. Certain of the numerical solutions obtained describe intrinsically non-linear effects, such as "periodic bursting" under constant excitation.


Convergence of genetic compositions assuming infinite population-size and overlapping generations. The assumptions for the model treated in this paper are based on a population of hypothetically infinite size, which has reached its optimum density within a limited habitat. The aim has been to derive sufficient conditions for the genetic composition of a population to converge to a limit if generations overlap and time is measured in discrete intervals. Trivially the genetic composition does not change if at the starting point of time the compositions within all age-classes are the same; otherwise global convergence of the age-class distributions implies uniform convergence of the genetic compositions within the single age-classes if mating takes place between at least two age-classes, or within the first age-class only. Excluding age-class 1 mating within one age-class only results in periodical change of genetic compositions.


The error catastrophe hypothesis and aging. A theory of the propagation of errors in the system of enzymes translating genetic information into proteins developed earlier is extended to include errors at the transcription level. The theory is compared to other statistical theories. The properties are defined of the protein synthesizing machineries, especially those of the erroneous enzymes, which give catastrophe, stable self-replication containing errors, recovery from errors, etc. Experimental data are analyzed in light of the theory to determine the validity of the error catastrophe hypothesis of aging.


On a transcendental equation in the stability analysis of a population growth model. We consider the rate equation n = rn for the density n of a single species population in a constant environment. We assume only that there is a positive constant solution n*, that the rate of increase r depends on the history of n and that r decreases for great n. The stability properties of the solution n* depend on the location of the eigenvalues of the linearized functional differential equation. These eigenvalues are the complex solutions gamma of the equation gamma + alpha integral of 0-1exp[gamma a] ds (a) = 0 with alpha greater than 0 and s increasing, s(-1) = 0, s(0) = 1. We give conditions on alpha and s which ensure that all eigenvalues have negative real part, or that there are eigenvalues with positive real part. In the case of the simplest smooth function s (s = id + 1), we obtain a theorem which describes the distribution of all eigenvalues in the complex plane for every alpha greater than 0.


On the stability of the stationary state of a population growth equation with time-lag. If in the Verhulst equation for population growth the reproduction factor depends on the history then the equilibrium may become unstable and oscillations and even non-constant periodic solutions may occur. It is shown that the equilibrium is unstable if the reproduction factor at time t is, up to a sufficiently large factor, an arbitrary average of the population densities in the interval (t-2, t-1).


Analysis of biochemical phase shift oscillators by a harmonic balancing technique. The use of harmonic balancing techniques for theoretically investigating a large class of biochemical phase shift oscillators is outlined and the accuracy of this approximate technique for large dimension nonlinear chemical systems is considered. It is concluded that for the equations under study these techniques can be successfully employed to both find periodic solutions and to indicate those cases which can not oscillate. The technique is a general one and it is possible to state a step by step procedure for its application. It has a substantial advantage in producing results which are immediately valid for arbitrary dimension. As the accuracy of the method increases with dimension, it complements classical small dimension methods. The results obtained by harmonic balancing analysis are compared with those obtained by studying the local stability properties of the singular points of the differential equation. A general theorem is derived which identifies those special cases where the results of first order harmonic balancing are identical to those of local stability analysis, and a necessary condition for this equivalence is derived. As a concrete example, the n-dimensional Goodwin oscillator is considered where p, the Hill coefficient of the feedback metabolite, is equal to three and four. It is shown that for p = 3 or 4 and n less than or equal to 4 the approximation indicates that it is impossible to construct a set of physically permissible reaction constants such that the system possesses a periodic solution. However for n greater than or equal to 5 it is always possible to find a large domain in the reaction constant space giving stable oscillations. A means of constructing such a parameter set is given. The results obtained here are compared with previously derived results for p = 1 and p = 2.


Competition between phenotypes.

Competition between phenotypes. We present two models for phenotypic-dependent interspecific competition. In both cases the survivorship of individuals of one population depends on the entire phenotypic distribution of the other species. The first model considers a continuously varying metric trait, with assortative or random mating; the second model examines a character controlled by two alleles at a single locus. Pursuing the notion that each population maximizes its mean fitness we define a vector-optimum strategy using the concepts of cooperative and competitive optima. It is found that the dynamical constraints placed on the equations of motion by Mendelian genetics often prevent a population from evolving to a strategic optimum. However, for the single locus case with complete dominance, the competitive optimum always coincides with some dynamical equilibrium on the Hardy-Weinberg manifold.


A condition for the extinction of a branching process with an absorbing lower barrier. A branching process with an absorbing lower barrier is considered. This is a Galton-Watson process with the condition that at any generation the number of individuals is greater than a lower barrier or it is equal to zero (i.e. all individuals in populations which are too small die and have no offspring). A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the process to become extinct with probability one. At the end of the paper there are three illustrating examples.


Direct products of genetic algebras and Markov chains.


Convergence to the equilibrium state in the Volterra-Lotka diffusion equations. We introduce a diffusion term in the Volterra-Lotka model for two interacting species. For certain simple boundary conditions there exists a Lyapunov functional which allows to investigate the asymptotic behavior. Either the solution converges to equilibrium or sustained oscillations occur.


A delayed-recruitment model of population dynamics, with an application to baleen whale populations. This paper studies the delay equation chik + 1 = lambda chik + F(chik - beta), which has been employed as a model of baleen whale population dynamics. The two main questions discussed are (a) stability of equilibria, and (b) optimal exploitation policies.


Solutions to a degenerate system of parabolic equations from marine biology. A system of parabolic and ordinary differential equations ut = a2 uxx + F(u,v,w), vt = a2 vxx + G(u,v,w), wx = -k(u) w is studied which has been proposed by Radach and Maier-Reimer for the dynamics of phytoplankton and nutrient in dependence of light intensity. It is shown that there is a unique solution to this system satisfying given initial and boundary conditions. The solution depends continuously on the data. For specific nonlinearities F, G, and k bounds for the solutions are given.


Air and water pollution.

Air and water pollution.


Toxic chemicals in food.

Toxic chemicals in food.


A novel method for revealing unintended handwriting impressions on underlying layers of paper.


The aerial use of an infrared camera in a police search for the body of a missing person in New Zealand.


Bone marrow changes in the post mortem interval.


The particle size analysis of soils and its use in forensic science--the determination of particle size distributions within the silt and sand fractions.


Fatal fat embolism following severe donkey bites.


The assessment of information content gained from the microscopical comparison of hair samples.


The fractionation of ABH blood group substances in saliva.


The effects of temperature and humidity on the permanency of latent fingerprints.


Element profiles of automotive paint chips by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.


Familial macroglossia-omphalocele syndrome. A kindred is reported in which 8 infants were affected with the macroglossia-omphalocele syndrome. Their characteristics varied from an almost complete clinical picture to nodular hyperplasia with cytomegaly of the adrenals as the only manifestation of the disease. Chromosome analysis was normal. This syndrome appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, with a high proportion of incomplete clinical forms. The index patient also has signs of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. The simultaneous occurrence of these two syndromes is probably a fortuitous event.


Effects of tetraacetyl-bis-dehydroascorbic acid, a derivative of ascorbic acid, on Ehrlich cells and HeLa cells (human carcinoma cells). Derivatives of ascorbic acid were synthesized, and the studies were made on their effects in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, in regard to the inhibition and the prolongation of survival time as well as on the morphological degeneration in HeLa cells. In a model infection study carried out by using tetraacetyl-bis-dehydroascorbic acid in dd mice infected with Ehrlich cells, it was proved that the prolongation of survival time was nearly double in comparison to the control group mice. Also, it was noted that hypertrophy due to abdominal dropsy and body weight were reduced much more than in the control group. From these results, the inhibiting effect of tetraacetyl-bis-dehydroascorbic acid was confirmed. While in the case of DHA and other derivatives, almost no inhibition and prolongation of survival time were observed. As for HeLa cells in a tissue culture, tetraacetyl-bis-DHA, in a dosage of 125-250 mug/ml, demonstrated definitely its morphological degeration. After 125 mug/ml of tetraacetyl-bis-DHA was added to a tissue culture solution of HeLa cells, the cells were washed and recultured. No growth of the cells was observed. Consequently, this substance was confirmed to be anti-HeLa substance with a low toxicity.


The clergy as a mental health resource: Part I.


Nitrogen source primarily supplied by amino acids and the efficacy for maximal growth of rats. The effect of osmotic pressure of diets on be food intake of young rats was investigated by comparing the nutritional effect of casein with the corresponding amino acid mixture at 3.2% nitrogen level. Changes in the osmolarity of diets due to the type of dietary carbohydrate had a little effect on food intake, whereas partial substitution of casein for amino acids resulted in significant increase in food intake. Weight gain and food intake of rats fed the 25% replaced amino acid diet were compared with those of rats fed the casein diet. Food intake was lower at 12.5% replacement than at 25% replacement. These observation suggest that a well-balanced amino acid mixture supported maximal growth of rats when 25% of the amino acid mixture was replace with casein. This suggestion could be experimentally confirmed by using an amino acid mixture based on the amino acid composition of whole-egg protein.


Proteins of chick duodenal brush borders during developmental changes. Duodenal brush border membrane proteins were studied in chicks at different developmental stages. The protein pattern obtained from polyacrylamide gels with 2-day-old chick preparations was distinctly different from that obtained with 20-day embryos. The most remarkable changes were seen in the region of a protein with an Rf of 0.25, an area with high sucrase and maltase maltase activity, and in the region of a protein with an Rf of 0.28, which was characterized by alkaline phosphatase activity. These proteins reacted strongly with carbohydrate stain after hatching.


The clergy as a mental health resource: Part II.


Privileged communications: when psychiatrists envy the clergy.


Licensing--clerical or secular.

Licensing--clerical or secular.


The pastoral counselor in a community mental health center.


By what authority?

By what authority?


State licensing and pastoral identity.

State licensing and pastoral identity.


Bringing together psychology and theology: reflections on ministry to the bereaved.


Reactivity of nucleosides toward hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution.


A mathematical model of a phantom developed for use in calculations of radiation dose to the body and major internal organs of a Japanese adult.


Whole-body retention of 60CoCl2 and 58Co-cyanocobalamin in young and adult rats.


Radiation effects on cancer mortality among A-bomb survivors, 1950-72: comparison of some statistical models and analysis based on the additive logit model.


Immunoglobulin G complex interactions with rheumatoid factor and neutrophils: 51CrCl3 labelling and 14CO2 hexose monophosphate shunt studies. The interactions of soluble and insoluble IgG complexes with macromolecular rheumatoid factor (RF) and neutrophils have been examined in an in vitro system allowing the separate assay of the biologic activities of these elements in the rheumatoid inflammatory process. Studies utilizing soluble and insoluble 51CrCl3 labelled human IgG complexes have demonstrated uptake of only the insoluble complexes by human neutrophils. A burst of hexose monophosphate shunt activity, as evidenced by increased oxidation of glucose-l-14C to 14CO2, has been shown to occur only when neutrophils are exposed to these insoluble complexes. High titer RF sera added to the insoluble complexes prior to their incubation with neutrophils did not affect either the uptake of the complexes or the magnitude of hexose monophosphate shunt activity. Native IgG and soluble IgG complexes were not taken up by the neutrophils and did not stimulate hexose monophosphate shunt activity in the presence or absence of rheumatoid sera. The addition of high titer RF sera to soluble IgG complexes produced precipitation of RF-IgG complexes which were capable of stimulating hexose monophosphate shunt activity in normal neutrophils. RF thus has been shown to change functionally inactive soluble complexes into functionally active insoluble complexes capable of stimulating normal neutrophils. Neutrophil stimulation by insoluble complexes may be important in the continuing inflammatory process occurring in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


Penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Connective tissue changes and alterations in serum copper and phase reactants in relation to clinical improvement. Thirteen patients, aged 27 to 70 years, with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were treated with penicillamine for six months. Skin biopsies and blood samples were compared with a clinical evaluation before and after therapy. The analyses of the skin included determinations of total collagen, thermal reaction of collagen, salt soluble collagen, in vitro uptake of 14C-proline and synthesis of 14C-hydroxyproline, as well as determinations of nucleic acids and proteoglycans. Serum concentrations of acute phase reactants, immunoglobulins, complement C3 and C4, rheumatoid factor, and iron, copper, and zinc were also determined. A positive correlation was found between clinical improvement and a fall in the number of granulocytes, a decrease in the concentration of acute phase reactants and serum copper, and an increase in salt soluble collagen of the skin. The total skin collagen decreased during treatment with penicillamine. The changes in skin collagen may reflect a generalized effect of penicillamine on collagen. These alterations may be part of an anti-inflammatory action of penicillamine.


Antibodies to UV light denatured DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus: detection by filter radioimmunoassay and clinical correlations. Antibodies to ultraviolet light denatured DNA (UV DNA) have been measured in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and normal subjects, using a millipore filter radioimmunoassay. High levels of UV DNA binding were only found in patients with SLE. The presence of UV DNA antibodies correlated well with the presence of native DNA antibodies, although immunodiffusion studies and inhibition techniques showed these antibodies to be immunologically distinct in many cases. Forty-one per cent of the SLE patients had had photosensitivity at some stage of their disease, but there was a poor correlation between this symptom and the presence of UV DNA antibodies. Although UV DNA is known to be a potent immunogen, none of the results from this study suggests that antibodies to UV DNA are more than another example of the broad spectrum of antinuclear antibodies seen in SLE.


The effect of hydrocortisone acetate on adult human articular cartilage. Living adult human articular cartilage has been maintained in tissue culture for eight days. Cartilage explants were cultured in one of three concentrations of hydrocortisone acetate or as control explants without this drug. The concentrations of hydrocortisone used were 0.01 microng/ml, 0.1 microng/ml and 1.0 mg/ml. The amount of proteoglycan shed into the medium was measured and no significant difference was found between the explants exposed to hydrocortisone and those that were not. These results suggest that hydrocortisone does not have a catabolic effect on the proteoglycan of articular cartilage. The widely held view that intra-articular corticosteroid injection causes cartilage damage, must remain in doubt.


Pneumococcal arthritis.

Pneumococcal arthritis. Twelve patients with pneumococcal arthritis are described. Seven of the 12 patients had underlying diseases which predisposed them to pneumococcal infections; five were alcoholics and two had hypogammaglobulinemia. Five patients had pre-existing joint disease prior to the onset of septic arthritis. Seven patients had co-existent pneumococcal infection, including meningitis and/or endocarditis in five. The other five patients had pneumococcal arthritis without evidence of other foci of pneumococcal infection. With penicillin therapy and drainage of the purulent joint fluid (by needle aspiration in four and surgical drainage in seven), the function of the involved joint returned to normal or to the previous baseline level in all but one patient.


"Ankylosing spondylitis" without sacroiliitis in a woman without the HLA B27 antigen. An elderly woman with otherwise typical ankylosing spondylitis for 45 years lacked radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis and the HLA B27 antigen. The illness was complicated by renal tuberculosis requiring a left nephrectomy 23 years after the onset of low back pain, and 20 years after an episode of severe iritis. After the eradication of the tuberculosis by surgery and chemotherapy, she has continued to have symptomatic spondylitis. The case seems to be an exception to the rule that sacroiliitis is a sine qua non for ankylosing spondylitis. Women with ankylosing spondylitis tend to have milder disease with an apparently lower frequency of roentgenographic changes in sacroiliac joints.


HLA antigens in Europeans and Maoris.

HLA antigens in Europeans and Maoris.


Abrupt onset of Sjögren's syndrome.

Abrupt onset of Sjögren's syndrome.


Microsurgery in daily plastic surgery.

Microsurgery in daily plastic surgery.


Evoked response in the posterior cricoarytenoid to stimulation of the ipsilateral vagus.


Biologic responses to low level lead exposure.


Is the "drug holiday" harmful?

Is the "drug holiday" harmful?


[Comparative evaluation of the methods of treatment of embolism of the main arteries of the arm]. The paper presents an analysis of the results of treatment of 260 acute embolic occlusions in the arteries of the upper extremities of 256 patients observed in S.I. Spasokukotsky Clinic of Facultative Surgery. In 92.58% of the cases the embolic episode was caused by cardiac pathology. The optimum method of treatment consisted in embolectomy with the aid of the Fogarty catheter from the ulnar fossa that permitted to achieve full restoration of the circulation in 91.59% of the cases. The mortality was approximately the same in all groups of patients. The total mortality comprised 21.1%. The most frequently observed causes of mortality were embolism of the cerebral and mesenteric arteries, as well acute cardiac insufficiency.


A trial of long-acting sulphonamide R.O. 4-4393 (fanasil) in treatment of cases of lepromatous leprosy with repeated E.N.L. A trial of long-acting Sulphonamide RO.4-4393 (Fanasil) in the treatment of Lepromatous Leprosy patients with repeated E.N.L. is reported in this paper. There were 9 patients treated with Fanasil in this trial for a period of 2 years. The results of the trial have shown that the treatment with Fanasil helps to prevent the occurrence of E.N.L. under treatment with D.D.S. In addition, even after the completion of treatment with Fanasil, these patients seem to be stabilised and are able to tolerate D.D.S. But, the clinical and Bacteriological progress under Fanasil therapy is not satisfactory.


Study of early nerve lesions in mice infected with M. leprae. The present study is of quantitative histology in immunologically intact mice inoculated with M. leprae. Total twelve sciatic nerves are studied. The fibres are grouped as large, medium and small sized fibres. Initially there is loss of small size fibres. At later stages there is involvement of all sized fibres and ultimately Wallerian type of degeneration sets in. The process of regeneration is more active than that of human leprosy of tuberculoid type. This study adds a new dimension in understanding the pathogenesis of leprosy.


Values and limitations of surgery in leprosy.


Modified Zancolli's operation in claw hand in leprosy. The operative technique of the Modified Zancolli's operation in claw hand is easy. Re-education is easier in Zancolli's capsulorrhaphy than any other operations. Results of this operation are encouraging. It is particularly required when quick turnover of cases is needed and when adequate facilities for physiotherapy is not available. In cases operated by Zancolli's capsulorrhaphy active flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint is possible. Complications are few e.g. pulling of capsulorrhaphy and development of flexion contracture.


Workshop on promotion of leprosy work in India.


Pilocarpine test in assessment of therapeutic efficacy in maculoanaesthetic leprosy. Pilocarpine test has been used since long to study the functional status of sweat glands. This article deals with its use in the assessment of Maculoanaesthetic patches of leprosy before and after therapy. This being an objective method it eliminates the possible pitfalls in subjective testing of sensations over the affected areas. Therefore, it is recommended that this test should be routinely employed in field work as its technique is simple. The test should be repeated at an interval of six months.


Congestive heart failure in two patients of lepromatous leprosy. Two cases of lepromatous leprosy are presented with heart disease, one with cardiomegaly and the other with ischaemic heart disease. It is very difficult to say whether heart disease was due to any other cause associated with leprosy or due to leprous affection of myocardium. As there are no references in the literature regarding these, two cases are presented as problem cases.


A study of mono-neuritic lesions in a leprosy clinic. An analysis of 11,581 leprosy patients registered at the Acworth Leprosy Hospital clinic showed that 494 cases (4.3%) had primary polyneuritic leprosy and 143 (1.2%) localised cutaneous anaesthetic lesions (or non-visible anaesthetic lesions), accounting for 5.5% who had no evidence of obvious skin lesions.


Absorption of 4-4'--Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone (DDS) by incorporation in silicone rubber.


Physiotherapy of combined opponens replacement of thumb and little finger.


Classification of leprosy from the clinical point of view. While, according to some, classification of leprosy is primarily clinical, there should be no objection to the application of the advances made in the last decade in understanding the immunological and histopathological aspects of the disease, provided thereby the clinical classification can be made with more accuracy. Unlike most other diseases, the bulk of the process of attempts at diagnosis and classification of this disease is still in the hands of para-medical personnel in the field, and hence it is important that at the same time, an easily understood, uniformly accepted clinical classification should be recommended for field workers. While tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy of the polar types can be diagnosed with accuracy even under field conditions, confusion generally arises with reference to the diagnosis or indeterminate maculoanaesthetic and borderline forms, and to identify some reacting lesions. Certain terminologies in vogue add further to the confusion. Reacting lesions are confused with active lesions. The importance of recognition of varieties of reacting lesions is stressed since the therapeutic management in such cases is entirely different. It is suggested that the early forms of leprosy characterised by paucity of cardinal features of the disease should be separated from the more established types and grouped under the term indeterminate leprosy. The diagnostic points to be taken into consideration in these lesions are discussed. The importance of investigating thoroughly before classifying patients who report rarely with neuritic symptoms without any evidence of skin lesion is stressed.


Transformation from lepromatous to borderline leprosy under clofazimine therapy. Patients of lepromatous leprosy who have evolved from the borderline type of disease are known to revert to the borderline state through a reactionary phenomenon under anti-leprosy chemotherapy with Dapsone. We present here the case report of a reversal from a reactional lepromatous disease to the borderline type under Clofazimine.


Rehabilitation of leprosy patients in a comprehensive control programme in Gudiyatham Taluk of Tamil Nadu.


National leprosy control programme of the Government of India (report for the period ending December, 1974).


Length of continued treatment of an inactive case of leprosy.


Leprosy in Lakshadweep Islands.

Leprosy in Lakshadweep Islands.


A spiral splint for claw fingers.

A spiral splint for claw fingers.


Leprosy and health education.

Leprosy and health education.


Should leprosy be a ground for divorce?

Should leprosy be a ground for divorce?


Reactive episodes in borderline lepromatous leprosy--a case report. A thirtyseven years old Hindu male of borderline lepromatous leprosy with reactions in the form of silvery white scales all over the body with scarring at places and greasy crusted lesion on the cheek further developed pustular reaction, after giving dapsone for a week, is reported.


Heel ulcers in leprosy patients.

Heel ulcers in leprosy patients. The incidence, causes, clinical presentation and management of ulcers of heel in the insensitive feet of leprosy patients are described. It is pointed out that heel ulcers usually arise as the result of injury and infection and are eminently preventable. Various surgical and non-surgical measures needed for preventing recurrence of the ulcer are also discussed.


Surgical decompression of the ulnar nerve in leprous neuritis.


Some epidemiological features of leprosy in a rural area in Hooghly district.


Epidemiological and clinical pattern of leprosy in Goa. A review of 1,053 patients of leprosy revealed its prevalence in the hospital population as 2.4 per thousand. The commonly affected age group was 20-39 in both sexes; males predominating females in 1.8 : 1. The sequence of frequency of clinical types of leprosy was tuberculoid, borderline, neuritic and lepromatous. Mostly the patients report in the course of 2 years of awareness of the disease. The clinical features were classical and type specific.


Biochemical aspects of reactional states in leprosy. Sequential biochemical investigations conducted in cases of lepromatous leprosy in the reactive as well as subsided phases indicated elevated serum levels of mucoproteins and sialic acids and skin levels of hydroxy-proline and hexosamine in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. Elevation of the urinary excretion of hydroxy-proline and certain other amino acids was also noticed during 'lepra reaction'. Enhancement of serum levels of Aldolase, CPK, LDH and transaminases was observed in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. These findings taken as a whole suggest a generalised tissue breakdown in lepra reaction.


Some interesting disease combinations--report on two cases.


Finding families in a six state area.

Finding families in a six state area.


Cutting costs and raising production with a medical secretaries incentive plan.


A new approach to clinical experience. A faculty's perception.


An external degree program. A continuing education opportunity.


Proposed national health insurance legislation.


Lexicons and linguistics.

Lexicons and linguistics.


What is OD?

What is OD?


How health statistics are misused.

How health statistics are misused.


Online retrieval system at U of I tumor registry.


Patient identification numbers and automated medical records.


Incentive pay for medical transcriptionists.


Medical record technician program at Boise State University.


A contemporary medical record administration program in a university setting.


Work simplification. Does it work simply?


A report on LATCH (Literature Attached to Charts).


Guidelines for initiating nursing audit.


AMRA project emphasizes a meeting of the minds on nursing home records.


Patient ID system used to control charges.


Educational and professional mobility, change, and the medical record practitioner.


The medical record practitioner as an MR educator.


New retrieval system for Harris Hospital.


A guide to the new federal rules governing the confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse patient records.


What is H.R. 1984?

What is H.R. 1984?


Have we conquered the communicable diseases?


Some characteristics and services of Chinese medical practitioners in Malaysia.


The improvement of immunization coverage by early immunisation of children in Malaysia.


Study of one hundred cases of typhoid fever in University Hospital Kuala Lumpur (October 1967 to July 1972).


Vasectomy.

Vasectomy.


Occurrence of opium alkaloids in commercial herbal stomach remedy preparation.


Incidence of otosclerosis in the three ethnic groups in Malaysia.


Face presentation.

Face presentation.


Some aspects of prevention of coronary artery disease.


Tapeworm infection in Perlis.

Tapeworm infection in Perlis.


The testicular feminisation syndrome.

The testicular feminisation syndrome.


Choroid plexus papilloma five years after shunting for hydrocephalus.


The pterygium and mitomycin-C therapy.

The pterygium and mitomycin-C therapy.


Case report of renal tubular acidosis presenting with periodic paralysis.


Carotid body tumour -- a case report.

Carotid body tumour -- a case report.


Resistance of insect vectors of diseases to insecticides in Malaysia and other South East Asian countries.


Presence and identification of fibres in the atmosphere of Milan.


Transient cycloheximide resistance in a tobacco cell line. Cylcoheximide-resistant cell lines have been recovered from tissue cultures of haploid Nicotiana tabacum at the usual mutant frequency (10(-6)). One such line, CR 4/6 was studied in detail. Resistance is based on the potential of the callus to inactive cycloheximide. The transient nature of the resistance and its association with differentiated cells indicate that the new phenotype is not due to a mutation, but rather to an alteration in gene expression.


Isolation of a hybrid between rat ribosomal RNA and DNA. A procedure for the isolation and purification of a specific hybrid between rat 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA's and nucleolar DNA is described. The method employed includes the following steps: 1) isolation of the nucleolar DNA, 2) hybridization of [14C]rRNA with the nucleolar DNA, and 3) isolation and purification of the rRNA-DNA hybrid complex by chromatography on hydroxylapatite and centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient. In the isolated hybrid complex the RNA:DNA ratio is close to 1:1, and the degree of enrichment of the DNA by the rRNA cistrons is about 1500 times. The hybrid obtained has a sedimentation constant on the order of 20S, is resistant to the action of pancreatic RNase and RNase T1 and sheep brain DNase, and is characterized by high thermostability. Acording to the physicochemical tests used, the rRNA-DNA hybrid complex is a double-stranded poly-nucleotide with an ordered secondary structure.


Probabilities of transversions and transitions. The values of the mean relative probabilities of transversions and transitions have been refined on the basis of the data collected by Jukes and found to be equal to 0.34 and 0.66, respectively. Evolutionary factors increase the probability of transversions to 0.44. The relative probabilities of individual substitutions have been determined, and a detailed classification of the nonsense mutations has been given. Such mutations are especially probable in the UGG (Trp) codon. The highest probability of AG, GA transitions correlates with the lowest mean change in the hydrophobic nature of the amino acids coded.


Influence of base sequence on the stability of the double helix of DNA. On the basis of published measurements of the melting transitions of synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides with known sequences we have determined the parameters of the interplane (stacking) interactions of base pairs in DNA over the range of ionic strengths from 0.01 to 0.1 M Na+. We found that deviations of the stacking-interaction energy from the mean value of 7-8 kcal/mole were extremely small and did not exceed 0.2 kcal/mole. We report an analysis of the influence of the heterogeneity of the stacking interactions on the melting parameters of polynucleotides with random sequences (models of natural DNA's). Inclusion of this effect does not significantly distort the linear dependence of the melting temperature on the relative content of G-C pairs and insignificantly affects the width of the helix-coil transition in DNA under normal conditions. However it is the heterogeneity of the stacking interactions that plays the crucial role in the melting of DNA under conditions where the difference between the relative stabilities of the A-T and G-C pairs tends to zero, as in concentrated solutions of tetraethylammonium and tetramethylammonium salts.


A study of risk factors in nonembolic cerebrovascular disease.


Relationship of cognitive functions of epileptics with clinical variables.


Electron-microscopic study of the serological affinity between the antigenic components of phages T4 and DDVI. In an investigation of the antigenic fine structure of phages T4 and DDVI with the use of the neutralization reaction and electron-microscopic observation of the phage-antibody complexes, it has been possible to establish that the head of phage T4 consists of proteins which have antigenic determinants of two types: The first type is identical to the antigens of the head of phage DDVI, and the second type is apparently absent in phage DDVI. The phage DDVI head contains mostly determinants which are common to the phage T4 head, since it was not possible to detect antigenically specific components in the phage DDVI head. The tail sheaths of phage T4 and DDVI appear to be identical in the antigenic respect. A difference has been observed in the fibers and the base plates of the phages investigated. The presence of the following three types of antigens has been established: 1) common to phages T2, T4, and DDVI, 2) common to phages T4 and DDVI, and 3) specific for each phage investigated.


Epilepsy and solar activity--an hypothesis.


Reliability of elements and systems in enzymology. The applications of the elements of reliability to the description of the stability and aging processes of enzymes and polyenzyme systems have been considered. The inactivation of individual enzymes or polyenzyme systems whose activity varies on the molecular level according to the "all-or-nothing" principle is described by an exponential reliability law. Systems of enzymes which are inactivated according to an exponential law have been considered. It has been shown that in the case of enzymes functioning in parallel, the value of the mean time of continuous operation is determined by the most stable enzyme, while in the case of sequentially functioning enzymes, this value is determined by the most labile. Systems whose aging process is related to the accumulation of "latent errors" and whose inactivation is characterized by gradual breakdowns are described by a normal reliability law. Systems with a combination of exponential and normal reliability laws have been considered. The use of a series of rigid quantitative criteria, such as the mean time for continuous functioning has been proposed for characterizing the stability of enzymes and polyenzyme systems. The theoretical points have been illustrated by experimental data on the stability of enzymes with hydrogenase activities, isolated chloroplasts, and cells of microscopic blue-green algae.


Recurrent Bell's palsy.

Recurrent Bell's palsy.


Cerebral AV malformation and aneurysm with polycystic kidney.


Transorbital gunshot wound causing contralateral trigeminal injury--an unusual case.


Intramedullary cord tuberculoma resembling glioma.


DNA replication and head assembly in bacteriophage T4. Phage DNA was accumulated in cells of E. coli B, infected with the phage T4DtsLB3 (gene 42), without the synthesis of late proteins (in the presence of chloramphenicol). Then (stage II), chloramphenicol was removed and further replication of the phage DNA suppressed with hydroxyurea and by simultaneously raising the temperature to 40 degrees. The media M9 or M9 with 1% amino acid were used; the times of addition of chloramphenicol and the hydroxyurea concentration were also varied. It was also shown that in medium M9, at stage II, chiefly early proteins were synthesized. In the medium containing amino acids, at stage II the following was observed: 1) DNA synthesis was entirely suppressed and a degradation of DNA occurred; 2) both early and late proteins were synthesized, with a predominance of the latter; 3) an assembly of the elements of the phage tails and capsids occurred without the neck and flagellum, and a small number of phage particles were also found; 4) the capsids, isolated in a sucrose density gradient after lysis with chloroform, contained the proteins Palt, P20, P23, P24, several unidentified proteins, and did not contain Pwac, P23, and P22, 5) the yield of viable phage varied from 0.05 to 15% per cell. Thus, the entire morphogenesis of T4 phage can occur without accompanying replication of phage DNA.


Influence of antibodies against DNA on the renaturation of DNA. The treatment of denatured T4 phage DNA with antiserum for the DNA of this phage, containing antibodies against glucosylated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, decreases the ability of DNA for renaturation. The greatest inhibiting activity is possessed by antiserum for T4 phage DNA irradiated with UV light, which contains antibodies not only against glucosylated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, but also against the usual nitrogen bases. Antiserum against E. coli DNA, containing antibodies to the usual nitrogen bases, in equal dilutions with the antisera indicated above, shows less inhibitory activity on the renaturation of T4 phage DNA.


Stereochemical analysis of the secondary structure of polypeptide chains with the aid of Courtauld three-dimensional models. II. Hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. Sterically permissible hydrogen bonds between side chains and the backbone, which fix a small number of angles of internal rotation have been identified. The hydrogen bonds on the ends and within the secondary structures, as well as the most important bonds in the alpha helix and in irregular structures, have been considered.


Structure of animal mitochondrial DNA: nucleotide composition, pyrimidine clusters, and methylation character. The nucleotide composition, relative concentration of pyrimidine clusters, and the degree of methylation of the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA's of various vertebrates and the protozoan Crithidia oncopelti have been studied. With respect to the relative concentration of GC pairs, the mtDNA of animals (bull, rat) does not differ from the corresponding nDNA. The relative concentration of GC pairs in the mtDNA of certain fish and birds is 1.5-2.5 mole% higher than in the respective nDNA. The kinetoplast DNA of the protozoan C. oncopelti (where the relative concentration of the GC pairs is 42.9 mole %) differs very sharply in composition from the nDNA (where the relative concentration of GC pairs is 51.3 mole %). The mtDNA's and kDNA's studied are distinguished from the respective nDNA'S by a lower degree of clustering of pyrimidine nucleotides. The proportion of mono- and dipyrimidine fragments in the mtDNA and kDNA is 30 mole %, while in the nDNA it does not exceed 23 mole %. The relative concentration of long pyrimidine clusters (hexapyrimidine clusters of larger) in the mtDNA is smaller than in the nDNA by a factor of 2-5. The low degree of clustering of the pyrimidine nucleotides is apparently characteristic of all the known mtDNA's and may support the fact that they have a single type of organization and are of a single origin. All the vertebrate mtDNA's studied contain 5-methylcytosine as a minor base (1.5-3.15 mole %), and their level of methylation is 1.5-2 times greater than that in the respective nDNA's. It has been shown that animals display species specificity with respect to the 5-methylcytosine content in the mtDNA. Its distribution among the pyrimidine clusters in the bovine heart mtDNA differs substantially from that in the nDNA. This suggests that the methylation specificities of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are different. A DNA methylase, which effects the in vitro methylation of cytosine residues both in the homologous mtDNA and in different heterologous DNA's, has been found in rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria. The specificity of the in vitro methylation of the cytosine residues in the same heterologous Escherichia coli B DNA by the nuclear and mitochondrial enzymes is different: The mitochondrial enzyme methylates predominantly in monopyrimidine fragments, and the nuclear enzyme methylates mostly in di- and tripyrimidine fragments. They, therefore, recognize different nucleotide sequences.


Study of the relationship between the subfraction composition of histone F1 and the type of tissue in birds. The subfraction composition of lysine-rich histone has been studied with the aid of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The subfraction compositions of the histone F1 of several tissues from the chicken, pigeon, and titmouse have been compared. The histone F1 from the tissues investigated consists of four or five subfractions of similar number and electrophoretic mobility (1, 1a, 2, 3, and 4). In the different avian species each subfraction varied its mobility independently of the others. The chicken tissues investigated can be divided into two classes, depending on the relative concentration of subfractions 2 and 3 (A and B): Class A (subfraction 2 is smaller than 3) includes the brain, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, muscular layer of the stomach, and pancreas, and class B (subfraction 2 is larger than 3) includes the intestinal mucosa, thymus, and testes, as well as the liver, heart, and pancreas from a 21-day embryo. Such a division of the tissues corresponds to the varying rate of their cellular renewal. In a parallel examination of the relative concentrations of the individual subfractions in the same tissues from the three avian species it has been found that the relative concentration of subfractions 3 and 2 is increased in the skeletal muscles, heart, brain, and liver, that subfraction 2 is increased in the intestinal mucosa, that subfractions 4 and 3 are increased in the pancreas, and that subfractions 1, 1a, and 4 are increased in the erythrocytes. The results obtained may be interpreted as a consequence of some relationship between the subfraction composition of histone F1 and the type of tissue of the source.


Structure of nuclear pre-mRNA. VIII. Isolation and characterization of complementary sequences. After the annealing of pre-mRNA at high Cot values, up to 20% of the material becomes resistant to the action of ribonuclease. This has been attributed to the presence of self-complementary sequences (scRNA) in the pre-mRNA. The most important properties of scRNA, which was isolated in preparative amounts, have been studied. The approximate dimensions of the complementary segments are 45-50 nucleotides. Hybridization experiments have shown that scRNA is transcribed from repeated segments of the genome. It may be postulated that the rapidly hybridizing pre-mRNA fraction consists mainly of self-complementary sequences.


Differences in AT- and GC-base pair ratios in DNA of the paracentromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 1 in two human cell types. I. Autoradiographic analysis of the incorporation of 3H-labeled thymidine and 3H-labeled deoxycytidine. The distribution of AT- and GC-base pairs in DNA along chromosomes 1 and 2 has been studied in primary cultures of human embryo fibroblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes by an autoradiographic method using 3H-labeled thymidine and 3H-labeled deoxycytidine. The two cell types differed in their relative contents of DNA and in the ratio of AT and GC pairs at the centromere and the adjacent region of heterochromatin in chromosome 1. The DNA content of this section was higher in fibroblasts than in leukocytes, mainly because of AT pairs. In both cell types, the telomere in the short arm of this chromosome had a higher content of GC pairs than AT pairs. No differences were observed in base pair distribution along chromosome 2 in the two types. This phenomenon may be due to incomplete replication, or to loss by some means of part of the genetic material during the development and differentiation of the cellular systems.


[Electrophoretic study of water-soluble retinal proteins of chickens at early stages of embryogenesis]. The water-soluble proteins of chick retina were studied during the formation of eye cup and at the early stages of histological differentiation of retina by the micro-method of electrophoresis in 20% polyacrilamide gel. The retina of embryos at the stages under study contains a range of proteins forming over 20 fractions in electrophoresis. The most fractions are formed by the proteins which electrophoretic mobilities exceed that of serum albumin. The early stages of retina development are characterized by the definite changes in its protein composition. These changes manifest themselves in the disappearance of the most anodic fractions beginning from the stage of contact between the optic vesicle and presumptive lens ectoderm. During the subsequent development, these proteins are detected again in the retina, the corresponding anodic fractions being most distinct at the stage of completed eye cup. Their content in the retina decreases repeatedly with the beginning of histogenesis up to their complete disappearance.


Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Wilson's disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism which usually affects young people. Excess copper accumulates in the tissues, primarily in the liver, brain, and cornea. This copper deposition results in a wide range of hepatic and neurological symptoms, and may produce psychiatric illness. Hepatic involvement often occurs in childhood, while neurological deficits generally are detected at a later age. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Ocular findings are of particular importance because the corneal copper deposition, forming the Kayser-Fleischer ring,is the only pathognomonic sign of the disease. The structure of the ring and the presence of copper have been well established. An anterior capsular deposition of copper in the lens results in a characteristic sunflower cataract in some of these patients. Other ocular abnormalities have been described but are much less common. The pathogenesis of the disease and the basic genetic defect remain obscure. It is clear that there is excess copper in the tissues, but the mechanism of its deposition is unknown. It is in some way associated with a failure to synthesize the serum copper protein ceruloplasmin normally. Another theory suggests that an abnormal protein with a high affinity for copper may bind the metal in the tissues. The diagnosis may be suggested by the clinical manifestations and confirmed by the presence of a Kayser-Fleischer ring. In the absence of these findings biochemical determinations are necessary. The most important of these are the serum ceruloplasmin, the urinary copper, and the hepatic copper concentration on biopsy. Treatment consists in the administration of the copper chelating agent, penicillamine, and the avoidance of a high copper intake. This usually results in marked clinical improvement if irreversible tissue damage has not occurred. Maintenance therapy for life is necessary in order to continue the negative copper balance. The detection and prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic individuals with the disease is especially important. Seven cases of Wilson's disease have been presented in order to illustrate many of the features which have been discussed, with emphasis on the ocular findings.


Diagnosis of lacrimal drainage malfunction (with emphasis on the technetium 99m scan).