Pattern visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and other disorders. The diagnostic value of pattern visual evoked potentials has been assessed in a pilot study of 22 patients with proven or suspected multiple sclerosis. Of 7 patients satisfying McAlpin's criteria for diagnosing definite multiple sclerosis, 6 had delayed potentials. Four of 5 patients with probable multiple sclerosis, and 5 of 10 patients with possible multiple sclerosis, had delayed potentials. Ten patients with delayed potentials had no history of optic neuritis. Changes in the evoked potential with other neurological conditions that may affect the visual system are also described.


The effects of phenobarbitone dose on plasma phenobarbitone levels in epileptic patients. The relation between plasma phenobarbitone level and phenobarbitone dose was studied in 121 patients. The relation changed with age, the dosage requirement (on a day weight basis) tending to fall as patients grew older. Males under 5 years had a higher dosage requirement than females of the same age, but otherwise sex did not affect the relationship, nor did the concurrent intake of the anticonvulsants phenytoin, carbamazepine or sulthiame. In the individual, plasma phenobarbitone levels tended to increase out of proportion of dosage increases. These findings can provide a basis for prescribing appropriate phenobarbitone doses in epileptics.


An animal model for the study of drugs in the central nervous system. An animal model which allowed repetitive sampling of CSF is described. It had a wide potential application and was used to study the passage of clonazepam into the central nervous system. A highly sensitive clonazepam assay is described which allow measurement of CSF and free serum concentrations as low as 0.5 ng/ml. Clonazepam passed rapidly into the central nervous system and its CSF concentration closely approximated to the concentration of unbound clonazepam in serum. Protein binding of clonzaepam in the sheep was 90-95%.


de Broglie waves in amoeboid motility.

de Broglie waves in amoeboid motility. The de Broglie wave equation has been applied to the study of amoeboid motility. This leads to precise predictions of wavelengths displayed by the cellular membrane during motility. Motile amoeba are compared to non-biological systems showing de Broglie wave behavior, and three simple experiments are suggested.


Some aspects of tuberculous meningitis in Surabaya. Eighty tuberculous meningitis patients who were seen in the neurological clinics in Surabaya between the January 1971 and January 1975 were asked to cooperate in a double blind clinical trial. One group was given isoniazid, streptomycin and p-aminosalicylic acid, the other group was given isioniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and a protease. The outcome after the treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol was significantly better than that with isoniazed, streptomycin and p-aminosalicylic acid. The clinical and laboratory symptoms and signs are reviewed in detail.


On the visual disturbances associated with massive basal aneurysms. When massive basal aneurysms compromise the anterior visual pathways the resulting disturbances of vision are diverse and a firm clinical diagnosis is difficult. Because of the rarity of the condition, a critical analysis of the visual defects was made in five personally studied patients with large anterior basal aneurysms in an effort to clarify the clinical features of the disorder. These observations were related to those reported in larger series of patients by Jefferson and Bull. This study gives support to the opinion that the commonest visual defect seen with massive basal aneurysms is impairment of visual acuity, followed next in frequency by bitemporal hemianopia, and then by junction scotoma.


Chemiluminescence of cigarette smoke.

Chemiluminescence of cigarette smoke. Chemiluminescence from cigarette smoke (aerosol) and smoke "extracts" (suspensoids) are described. The emissons from aqueous and organic suspensoids persist for hours, are proportional to oxygen solubilities, possess energy of at least 1.8 electron volts, and display characteristics which suggest that the emissions may be partially sensitized by singlet oxygen.


Normalization of the diabetic syndrome in hereditary diabetic mice by PGBx, a polymeric derivative of prostaglandin B.


Bone lipids of marine fishes.

Bone lipids of marine fishes. Assessment of candidates for investigation of bone lipid metabolism yielded the following findings. (1) A tropical marine butterflyfish, Chaetodon ornatissimus, had oil-filled bones (66-80% lipid, percent dry weight) hence may be a suitable condidate. (2) The tropical marine fishes Exallias brevis, Pomacentrus jenkensi, and Chromus agilis, and a Canadian fish Sebastes ruberrimus, had intermediate quantities of oil in their bones (12-49% lipid). (3) In all the foregoing species the major bone lipid was triglyceride, usually more abundant in skull than spine. Sterol and phospholipid were also present. (4) The major fatty acids of the triglycerides (and phospholipids) were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and C20, C22 acids. Those acids were dominated by 20:4, 20:5, 22:5, and 22:6. (5) There was more total unsaturation in the bone lipids of S. ruberrimus (from 10 degrees C water; 67-72% unsaturation) compared to the tropical fish (from 25 degrees C water; 32-67% unsaturation) with the exception of E. brevis. (6) One of the tropical species (Arothron meleagris) and a Canadian Chimaeran (Hydrolagus colliei) contained only 1-3% lipid in their bones.


Models for biological ion exchangers. II. Solvent selectivity in DMSO-water-Dowex 50W. Dimethylsulfoxide-water-Dowex 50W-X8 systems are characterized by measurements of solvent selectively and proton magnetic resonance spectra. The H+-, Li+-, NH4+-, NHe4+-, NBu4+-, Mg2+-, Zn2+-, and La3+- forms are studied over a wide range of binary-solvent mole fractions. The relative selectivities for water by the ion exchanger, based on an integrated Kipling parameter, are Zn2+-form (reference) --1.00, Mg2+ --0.43, La3+ --0.38, Li+ +0.17, NMe4+ 0.20, NH4+ 0.31, NBU4+ 0.33, and H+ 0.68, the polyvalent counterions preferring DMSO. All of the ionic forms except the NH4+-form exhibit over much of the mole fraction range separations between the external water and the internal water peaks exceeding 50 Hz, the magnitude of the separation varying with the counter-ion. Comparison of results is facilitated by maintaining a constant ratio between the total number of moles of solvent and the number of equivalents of ions exchanger.


Studies on a patient with iminopeptiduria. I. Identification of urinary iminopeptides. A patient suffering from recurrent ulcers on the legs was found to excrete large amounts of iminodipeptides in the urine. Among the iminodipeptides excreted, Glu-Hyp, Asp-Pro, Glu-Pro, Leu-Hyp, Gly-Pro, Thr-Pro, Ser-Pro, Ala-Pro, Val-Pro, Ile-Pro, Leu-Pro, and Phe-Pro were identified and their quantities estimated. Some of the iminopeptides had to be synthesized for purposes of identification.


The role of product release in enzyme catalysis. Conceptual definitions of maximal velocity and the Michaelis constant are provided that do not involve the assumption of any rate-determining step. The experimental basis of those definitions is a combination of pre-steady state and steady state kinetic observations.


Experimental evidence for high-temperature organic fractional superconduction in cholates. Experimental data are presented indicating that six organic compounds (homologous cholates) possess properties associated with high-temperature superconductivity. From magnetic and electrical measurements it is deduced that behavior resembling superconductivity occurs below characteristic transition temperatures in small domains included in the insulating bulk of the sample material, which is therefore designated a fractional o Type III superconductor. The six cholates exhibit this superconductivity below transition temperatures ranging from approximately 7.5 degrees K for sodium dioxycholate to 277 degrees K for sodium cholanate. It has been further established that the diamagnetic shifts with temperature cannot be attributed to ferrielectric, ferroelectric, or capacitive effects. Below the transition temperatures the cholates behave like perfect diamagnets, susceptible to forceful repulsion by a moderate magnetic field. Observed in a sensitive susceptometer, magnetic flux trapped in the material gave rise to a 3% remnant magnetic moment. Studied in particular detail were sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, and lithocholic acid, which showed transition temperatures of 30 degrees K, 60 degrees K, and 130 degrees K respectively. The hydrophobic property of the closed four-ring structure (R-group) common to the cholates, along with the hydrophilic property of the carboxylate group (S-group), are responsible for domain formation. Because of those properties, clustering of the S-groups occurs when traces of water are introduced into the material. When followed by slow desiccation, the clusters form the micelles constituting the superconducting domains.


Protection against toxic effects of formaldehyde in vitro, and of methanol or formaldehyde in vivo, by subsequent administration of SH reagents. Rapid and progressive inactivation in vitro of both alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase by low concentrations of acetaldehyde or formaldehyde is illustrated. This inactivation can be prevented or reversed by glutathione or other SH reagents. Those effects led to investigations in vivo. Rats and mice were injected with concentrations that would result in death in approximately 10 h (methanol) and approximately 4 h (formaldehyde). When 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), cysteine, or mercaptoethanol was injected (10 min to 3 h) after administration of methanol or formaldehyde, approximately 70% of the animals survived indefinitely; the remaining 30% showed substantial increase in survival time. The findings indicate the possibility of using reagents such as BAL for human therapy and suggest that the toxicity of methanol and formaldehyde is due in part to effects other than acidosis.


Chromatin hyperchromicity in chickens with muscular dystrophy.


The policy implications of predictive decision-making: "likelihood" and "dangerousness" in civil commitment proceedings.


Independent health insurance plans in 1974.


When crises get the upper hand.

When crises get the upper hand.


Departmental design.

Departmental design.


Home care for pediatric respiratory patients.


Use of a programmable calculator in blood-gas and acid-base determinations.


Credentialing controversy.

Credentialing controversy.


Involvement versus detachment.

Involvement versus detachment.


Epidemic haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. A study of neutralising antibodies.


Corneal changes in endemic trachoma.

Corneal changes in endemic trachoma.


Shared services in education for the small community hospital. Part I.


Eye-health care (clearing-up terminology).


Trachoma - a public health problem.

Trachoma - a public health problem.


Th reaction of the trachomatous eye to intraocular surgery.


Parent participation in the care of high-risk infants.


Treating the suicidal patient: a psychologist's view. Part II.


Evolution of improved capabilities in spirometric test equipment.


A managerial view of the four-day week.

A managerial view of the four-day week.


The pharmacokinetics of oxygen administration.


Morphometric study of the diploid karyotype of the crested newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex (Laur.)


Human psychophysical analysis of receptive field-like properties. I. A new transient-like visual response using a moving windmill (Werblin-type) target. A human transient-like visual response has been revealed psychophysically with a rotating windmill target, similar to that used by Werblin in his recent studies of the retina of Necturus. The windmill pattern evoked complex perceptual phenomena (important in and of themselves) which were minimized by using a high luminance for the "criterion" flashing test field (relative to its increment threshold), and by moving the four-vaned windmill pattern at a rate of two complete revolutions per second. The transient response, herein defined as the difference in threshold between the stationary and moving windmill conditions, was greatest when the windmill vanes fell completely within the sensitization (inhibition-like) portion of the Westheimer function determined at the same retinal locus. The test has been developed so that it may be readily adapted to available clinical equipment for future diagnostic purposes .


Identification and isolation of a thrombocytopoietic thymic factor.


Areal and temporal summation in the thermal reaction time. It has previously been shown that the reaction time (RT) to radiant heat measures spatial summation of warmth, because the RT decreases with increases in both the areal extent and the intensity (flux density) of the heat. The previous studies of RT let the response terminate the stimulus exposure and thus introduced a confounding between stimulus duration and intensity, since the weaker the stimulus is, the longer it is presented. The present study shows the RT reflects spatial summation even with a fixed, brief stimulus duration. The precise rules for trading area and intensity that are obtained with fixed-duration pulses differ from those obtained with response-terminated ones, but both sets of functions are consistent with each other and with the results of magnitude estimation if it is assumed that the sensory effect of the heat sums over the stimulus duration, that is, that the RT reflects temporal as well as spatial summation. Two further experiments provide direct evidence for temporal summation.


Some effects of aphasic lesions on order perception. Twenty-four aphasic, nine brain-damaged, and eight non-brain-damaged patients were tested for their ability to associate odors with visual targets. The results of the experiment show that lesions producing aphasia interfere with the ability to match an odor to a directly corresponding visual target. As aphasics with anterior and posterior lesions performed at similar levels in this task, it was not possible to conclude that the observed deficits were specifically related to temporal lobe functions. The severity of the deficit was greater for more massively lesioned aphasics. The exact nature of the deficit was not clear, but review of the literature and differential results obtained for the two experimental tasks suggest that aphasic lesions may interefere with odor identification.


Effect of some environmental pollutants on the behaviour of motility of Dugesia gonocephala S.L. Note I.


The sexual reproduction of Tetilla sp. (Tetractinellida - Porifera).


Action of fluorescein isothiocyanate on plasmatic erythropoietin and on the renal and splenic erythro-stimulant factors in the rabbit.


Electrophoretic pattern of the haemolyzate in specimens of Lampetra planeri (Bloch), captured in Abruzzo, in relation to the developmental cycle.


The saltatory effect in vision.

The saltatory effect in vision. Events in vision triggered by brief flashes in train prove to be strictly analogous to those generated in the skin by a succession of taps. A requisite condition for their appearance in vision is projection of the flashes into the peripheral retinal field. Experiments are described that establish the general relation between extent of saltatory leaping and degree of retinal eccentricity and between leaping and retinal subtense of stimulus patches. Additionally, a curious "dip" phenomenon and several qualitative experiments in which color has been used to "tag" the saltatory image are reported.


Attenuation of vibrotactile spatial summation. Masked and quiet thresholds at several frequencies of vibratory stimuli were measured as a function of contactor area. The test site was the left index  finger; the masking site was the left little finger. The quiet threshold data were consistent with previous investigations: Low-frequency stimuli showed no spatial summation, whereas high-frequency stimuli did. In the presence of a masker, spatial summation was reduced or eliminated for high-frequency stimuli, i.e., the masked threshold was, under some conditions, independent of contactor area. Low-frequency stimuli continued to show no spatial summation in the presence of a masker. The attenuation of spatial summation appears to be a direct function of the intensity of the masking stimulus. Additional measurements with the left thenar eminence as the test site showed that spatial summation could be attenuated by a masker placed on a contralateral body site. The implications of the results for quantifying the effectiveness of a masking stimulus, for the duplex mechanoreceptor hypothesis, and for the nature of spatial summation on the skin are discussed.


Mesencephalic degeneration following ablation of a telencephalic hemisphere in Coturnix c. japonica.


Olfaction and the common chemical sense: some psychophysical contrasts. Three experiments explored the olfactory and the common chemical attributes of sensations produced by various concentrations of n-butyl alcohol. These two attributes combine in an almost-linear fashion to produce the overall perceived intensity of the stimulus. Common chemical intensity makes only a small contribution to overall magnitude at low concentrations, but its proportional contribution increases with concentration. In like manner, speed of response (i.e., reciprocal of reaction time) to the common chemical attribute increases more rapidly than that to odor. Nevertheless, odor always makes its appearance sooner than the common chemical attribute, even when the two attributes are matched in perceived magnitude. Repeated inhalations cause odor intensity to decrease slightly but cause common chemical intensity to increase dramatically. The results obtained from the normal subjects studied here agree with those obtained from subjects with unilateral destruction of the trigeminal nerve.


Evidence in support of the duplex theory of mechanoreception. Psychophysical thresholds were measured as the frequency, size and duration of vibration on the thenar eminence was varied. The results supported the theory that there are two functionally distinct receptor systems in the skin for the perception of mechanical disturbances. Spatial and temporal summation were found for the detection of high- but not low-frequency stimuli. Furthermore, magnitude estimation data revealed that temporal summation occurs for the perception of high-frequency stimuli presented over a wide range of suprathershold values. On the other hand, temporal summation was absent for low frequency stimuli that were presented at 5, 10, 15, and 20 db above threshold.


Interaction of spatial and temporal summation in the warmth sense. Two experiments explored the interaction of  spatial and temporal summation in the perception of radiant heat. The first experiment showed that the absolute threshold for detecting two brief (0.1 sec) pulses of heat, one presented to each side of the forehead, is lower than the threshold for detecting a single pulse, even when the two pulses are separated in time by as muchas 0l75 sec. The second experiment showed that a single, 4-sec pulse of heat presented to one side of the forehead feels no warmer than two successive, 2-sec pulses, one to each side. Spatial and temporal summation appear to take place at least partly in the central nervous system.


Vibrotactile temporal summation: effect of frequency. Temporal summation of vibrotactile stimuli was measured at four frequencies (25, 40, 80, and 160 Hz) using a large contactor. Stimulation at 160 Hz gave temporal summation comparable in amount to that reported in previous studies. Stimulation at 25, 40, and 80 Hz gave less summation. The presence of summation at low frequencies is unexpected in view of existing data obtained with small contactors' those data indicate that the afferent system primarily sensitive to low frequencies may not summate stimulus energy over time. The present data suggest either that the low-frequency afferents do summate energy over time or that, under some conditions, the perception of low-frequency signals presented through a large contactor may be mediated by more than one afferent system.


Effect of double ipsilateral stimulation on vibrotactile sensation magnitude. The phenomena of enhancement and suppression of vibrotactile subjective magnitude were investigated using a matching procedure. Results support earlier reports for audition and vibrotaction suggesting that enhancement is a fundamental sensory process. The time course is described for suppression of stimuli delivered to several different to several different pats of the body. The results are consistent with earlier studies of vibrotactile masking at threshold levels.


Critical band in auditory lateralization. A new and powerful procedure for determining frequency analysis in the auditory system, as evidence by the critical band, is described. The onset time difference, delta T, needed to lateralize 30-msec tone bursts toward the leading ear was measured as a function of the frequency difference, delta F, between the brust in one ear and the burst in the other ear. When delta F was less than the critical band, threshold delta T was constant at 100 mu sec or less, depending on center frequency; beyond the critical band, delta T increased with delta F. These dichotically measured critical bandwidths increased from 110 Hz at a center frequency of 500 Hz to 1100 Hz at a center frequency of 6000 Hz. They were unaffected by varying signal level from 25 to 80 dB or signal duration from 10 to 300 msec. The sam e critical-band values have been measured with monaural stimuli in loudness summation, maskin, detection, phase perception, consonance, and so forth.


Temporal properties of the human taste system. An attempt to apply linear systems methods to the temporal properties of the human taste system is described. The percentage modulation in concentration required to detect a fluctuation in intensity was measured as a function of frequency of modulation. Both a sine-wave and a square-wave input were used. The sensitivity of the taste system at its maximum, and also at the low frequencies, was greater than expected from previous work based on classical methodology. The sensitivity of the taste system at its maximum, and also at the low frequencies, was greater then expected from previous work base on classical methodology. The sensitivity of the taste system to the various qualities was, in decreasing order, salty, sweet, sour, and bitter. The taste system in insensitive to frequencies above about 5 Hz. Except for bitter, representatives of the various taste qualities yielded similar functions within qualities.


Satiation in cutaneous saltation.

Satiation in cutaneous saltation. The extent of cutaneous saltation (the illusory displacement of a tap presented to one skin locus by another tap occurring close in time at another locus) was modified by a "preconditioning" stimulus presented prior to and at a site distant from the saltatory test pattern. The 10-sec vibratory preconditioning (PC) stimulus appears to be analogous to inspection figures that "satiate" the perceptual field in experiments on figural aftereffects, producing changes in the perceived size, position, or shape of subsequent stimuli. The direction of displacement of the saltatory phantom was always away from the locus of the prior PC stimulus, consistent with results observed in studies of visual and kinesthetic aftereffects. Th- amount of repulsion and the rate at which the saltatory phantom returned to its initial position depend on the intensity, locus, and number of PC stimuli. As with figural aftereffects, these results resist explanation by peripheral mechanisms such as adaptation.


Recovery of excitability after gustatory adaptation: effects of stimulus intensity. The excitability of the rat chorda tympani nerve following adaptation to NaCl was measured by observing the recovery of the transient portion of the integrated neural response. When a single concentration of NaCl was used as a test stimulus, recovery time was positively correlated with the concentration of the adapting solution, a relationship common to a number of other sensory systems. Adapting and testing with the same concentration of NaCl produced very little relationship between concentration and recovery time. It is suggested that the relativley extensive period of postexcitatory depression is due to a prolonged inaccessability of tast receptor sites that results in a reduction in the rate of stimulus-receptor interaction.


Malignant melanoma of the nasal septum.

Malignant melanoma of the nasal septum.


Enophthalmos and diplopia in orbital floor fractures.


Anesthesia for microlaryngoscopy.

Anesthesia for microlaryngoscopy.


The spectacular lingual thyroid and midline anterior cervical ectopic thyroid.


Maxillary sinusitis.

Maxillary sinusitis.


Rehabilitation of the adult deaf.

Rehabilitation of the adult deaf.


Problems in the clinical management of heavy smokers.


Retinal neovascularization.

Retinal neovascularization.


Biologic predestination: immunogenetic aspects of uveitis.


Impedance audiometry: benefits, problems, and pitfalls.


The changing pattern of the etiology of central bacterial corneal (hypopyon) ulcer.


Some traumatic ossicular lesions.

Some traumatic ossicular lesions.


Immediate postoperative complications of septoplasties and septorhinoplasties.


Uveitis in rheumatologic diseases: clinical syndromes.


Uveitis of immunologic origin: clinical syndromes.


The physiology of the precorneal tear film.


Immunosuppressive therapy of severe chronic uveitis.


Nasal glioma.

Nasal glioma.


Congenital deafness, recurrent meningitis, and neural tube defects.


Keratomycosis.

Keratomycosis.


Personal noise protection: a study of seven different devices.


Computerized tomography of orbital disorders.


Uveitis syndromes.

Uveitis syndromes.


Methods of ocular motor examination in neuro-opthalmology.


The immunology and immunopathology of corneal infection.


Inflammatory disease of the frontal sinus.


Congenital laryngeal cyst in infants.

Congenital laryngeal cyst in infants.


Congenital central corneal opacity: diagnosis and management.


Some instructive failures of stapedectomy.


Acquired diffuse eipthelial erosion.

Acquired diffuse eipthelial erosion.


Acute epiglottitis: intubation versus tracheotomy.


Parotid gland surgery.

Parotid gland surgery.


Hospitals and professionals: the relationship is changing.


How not to get sued.

How not to get sued.


Sick hospital bonds.

Sick hospital bonds.


Waukesha trustees have a way with the public.


Self-audits help boards to mind their own business.


Licensure: are we doing it as well as we should be?


Regulation: can hospitals tame the paperwork monster?


Medical staff privileges: a matter of fairness.


A model for physician participation in planning.


The cost factor in national health insurance.


Coronary artery disease--a brief report.


Non-can disability and the highly substandard risk.


Atrioventricular heart block--27-year follow-up experience.


The mortality monograph: a medico-actuarial milestone.


Hypertension and selection of risks in Japan.


Progress report on Met Scan--a medical data acquistion unit.


The correct way to underwrite hypertension.


Approach to mortality studies of life insurance policyholders with psychiatric diagnoses.


Continuing medical education--where are we headed?


Purpose and cross-purpose.

Purpose and cross-purpose.


Abnormal electrocardiogram in the absence of heart disease.


Health services in Denmark.

Health services in Denmark.


Planning a standard psychiatric ward for Israel.


A short outline of health services planning at central level in the Netherlands.


Towards greater relevance for the teaching hospital.


Planning for the future today.

Planning for the future today.


The hospitals of Saudi Arabia.

The hospitals of Saudi Arabia.


Monitor-N. A comprehensive management information and control system.


Planning health facilities in developing countries - some case studies and their lessons.


A phased hospital development under conditions of limited resources.


The morphological evolution of the postwar hospital.


A selected library for personnel in remote areas: a component of expatriate community development.


Applications of operational research to health care delivery systems and facilities planning.


Future trends in health care in the U.S.A.


Sources and kinetics of bilirubin formation in vivo.


Conjugation of bilirubin--pathophysiological aspects.


Enzymatic formation of bilirubin and its regulation.


The measurements of job characteristics.


Openness to interorganizational cooperation: a study of hospital administrators.


Sex stereotypes: an artifact in leader behavior and subordinate satisfaction analysis?


Size and staff professionalization.

Size and staff professionalization.


Antecedents of work related expectancies.


Role dynamics, locus of control, and employee attitudes and behavior.


The merits of using experts or consumers as members of planning groups: a field experiment in health planning.


Deep vein thrombosis in surgery. Detection by the method using labelled fibrinogen.


The significance of bone strain "in vivo".


Study on the surface shape and contours of the femoral head and acetabulum of the human joint.


Hip prosthesis with physiological transmission of forces and individually isoelastic properties.


[Objective method of evaluating bone implant deformations in vivo by telemetry].


The measurement of bone strain "in vivo".


Effects of vagal stimuli of different duration on heart rate and atrioventricular conduction.


Coordination between the electrical activity of the small intestine and the colon in the ileocaecal region.


Effect of the analogue of cinnarizine AS2 on the cardio-vascular system.


Reflex changes of the haemodynamics in hypertonic cats.


Comparative study of the effect of caffeine, strychnine and echinopsin on learning and memory in albino rats.


Effect of the analogue of cinnarizine AS2 on peripheral blood circulation.


Estimation of time interval elements. II.


Are the central dopaminergic synapses related to the convulsive-seizure threshold?--Effects of central dopaminergic drugs on the picrotoxin convulsive-seizure threshold. Interaction with diazepam, meta-tolylcarbamide and theophylline.


Structure and organizational resource allocation.


Structural and functional subunits of chromosomes.


Pathology of the trophoblast and fetal vessels of the placenta in maternal diabetes mellitus. The morphologic characteristics of the chorial villi from normal full-term placentas and from placentas of different clinical types of diabetic women were studied. The latter showed early maturation of the trophoblast, higher percentage of villi with stromal edema, and higher percentage of vessels of the villous trunks with lesions causing partial or total obstruction of the vascular lumen. The fact that the diabetic patients were treated suggests that the metabolic correction of diabetes mellitus prevents the occurrence or development of the multiple disturbances which the disease produces in the evolution of human pregnancy.


Transcription and chromatin subunit structure.


Genetic counseling.

Genetic counseling.


Chromosome structure.

Chromosome structure.


Holistic health: implications for health planning.


Biochemical genetics of human disease.

Biochemical genetics of human disease.


Cytochemical dissection of the mammalian genome.


A federal perspective on the role of the journal and planning to enhance health and well-being.


Planners and the end of medicine.

Planners and the end of medicine.


Health policy guidelines and holistic care.


Urinary 17-ketosteroids in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies. The excretion of estriol into the maternal urine is an effective means of evaluating the fetus in pregnancies complicated by a number of metabolic disorders, such as chronic hypertension, renal disease, pre-eclampsia, etc. It is generally used in the management of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus even though some question has been raised as to its validity for this disorder. In this study we have evaluated estriol precursors in the form of 17-ketosteroids in the urine of pregnant women with mild diabetes mellitus as well as a non-diabetic control group. Urinary total estrogen excretion was also determined. Diabetics were found to excrete significantly higher amounts of 17-ketosteroids than the non-diabetic group. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the dynamics of estriol production in pregnancy is discussed.


The effective health planner.

The effective health planner.


From a concept of health to a national health policy.


An evaluation of the agency assessment program--implications for the Health Systems Agency community.


From omnibus tinkering to high-level wellness: the movement toward holistic health planning.


Hospital planning at HSA.

Hospital planning at HSA.


The health planner: planning and dreaming for health and wellness.


The future of pharmacy.

The future of pharmacy.


Evaluation of a college-structured practical experience program.


Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) as a predictor of academic success.


Current status of undergraduate, nonprofessional pharmacology courses taught in colleges of pharmacy.


Disillusionment in pharmacy students: a reconsideration with the advent of clinical pharmacy education.


The fifth-year institutional clinical pharmacy program at the Medical University of South Carolina.


Enrollment report on professional degree programs in pharmacy, fall 1975.


The frontiers of health planning.

The frontiers of health planning.


A meaningful experience in laboratory investigation.


Address of the president and chairman of the board.


Pharmacist-patient interactions in terms of "appropriate behaviors".


Enrollment report on graduate degree programs, fall 1975.


A sense of identity and a sense of the future--address of the president-elect.


Forward plan for health.

Forward plan for health.


Significant issues raised by the Study Commission on Pharmacy report--a view from the profession.


Specialty recognition--academic and professional alternatives.


An analysis of the IOM cost study.

An analysis of the IOM cost study.


Institutional resource requirements and cost per student for contemporary pharmaceutical education.


Report of degrees conferred by schools and colleges of pharmacy for the academic year 1975-1976.


Panel IV: The pros and cons of organized rehabilitation on the basis of repeated short-term supervised programmes. Introduction.


Arguments for a comprehensive rehabilitation program.


Optimal function and health.

Optimal function and health. Regular physical activity is essential for the optimal function of many vital organs and tissues, and for general function. I am less sure about its direct and significant effects in the area of preventive medicine, but I can mention much indirect evidence to justify a whole-hearted promotion of physical exercise. Information about diet and exercise should be tied together. My present prescription for exercise is as follows: Daily -- at least 60 minutes of physical activity, not necessarily vigorous, nor all at the same time. During your daily routine, moving, walking, climbing stairs, etc., whether for one minute 60 times per day, 12 minutes 5 times a day, or any combination totalling 60 minutes, will burn up approximately 300 kcal (1.2MJ). Weekly -- at least two or three periods of 30 minutes of intermittent or sustained activity at submaximal rate of work (brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, cross-country skiing, gymnastics etc.) are necessary for maintaining good cardiovascular fitness, and will consume an additional 750 kcal per week (3MJ).


Pros and cons of organized rehabilitation.


Panel IV: The pros and cons of organized rehabilitation on the basis of repeated short-tern supervised programmes. Discussion.


Pros and cons of rehabilitation in sanatoria.


Panel V: Acceleration of collaterals due to physical activity--dogma or fact. Discussion.


Panel V: Acceleration of collaterals due to physical activity--dogma or fast. A misguided goal or unrealized objective?--introduction. The hypothesis drawn from Eckstein's study of dogs [5] suggests that collateral circulation (measured retrograde coronary collateral flow) could be enhanced in man provided that the coronary arteries were partially obstructed before training. The currently available data on the effects of exercise training on arteriosclerotic heart disease subjects with significant, but not complete, obstruction, and without collateral vessels before training, indicate that visible coronary collateral vessels do not develop unless further coronary obstruction progresses to complete or near complete occlusion. Although the above hypothesis is not supported by the angiographic studies to date, final judgment should be held in abeyance until data are presented on the collateral flow and regional myocardial perfusion in exercise-trained human subjects with arteriosclerotic heart disease.


Acceleration of collaterals by physical activity?


Rehabilitation, mortality and morbidity in C.H.D.


Collateral circulation and regional myocardial function.


Does exercise training enhance collateral circulation?


Panel VI: Critical evaluation of studies conc-rning mortality and morbitidity in C.H.D. patients who either have or have not participated in rehabilitation programmes. Discussion.


Morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction.


Physical training after myocardial infarction.


The WHO rehabilitation study.

The WHO rehabilitation study.


Panel VI: Critical evaluation of studies concerning mortality and morbidity in C.H.D. patients who either have or have not participated in rehabilitation programmes. Introduction.


Critical evaluation of cardiac rehabilitation. Conference summary.


Physical activity as preventive measure in coronary disease.


Panel I: Physical activity as primary or secondary preventive measure in coronary heart disease: yes or no? Discussion.


Physiological evaluation of an exercise test.


Exercise training as a therapeutic modality. At present we have no data to assure us that physical activity changes or prevents the development of coronary atherosclerosis or that it changes the progression of the disease which is already present. The data are excellent that in about 85% of patients with coronary disease, exercise training has beneficial personal and societal effects. However, even this opinion must be subjected to critical scrutiny. Several (controlled and randomized) studies of the effects of exercise training on arteriosclerotic heart disease subjects are in progress, in the United States, in Canada, and in Europe. The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project in the U.S.A has already accessed 600 arteriosclerotic heart disease subjects and expects to attain the target study population of 800 subjects by 1 June 1976. We msut be prepared and willing to accept the results of such rigorously controlled studies. In another four to five years of follow-up, the basis for our present views will be either confirmed or rejected -- although most of us anticipate a validation of our present opinion, viz., exercise training enhances the quality of life, and coping capacity, even though the direct effects on the course of coronary atherosclerosis have not been demonstrated.


Exercise as preventive measure: a controversion.


Panel II: The pros and cons of early mobilization and of the convalescent phase in rehabilitation.


Are we mobilizing early enough?

Are we mobilizing early enough? 1 A review of experiences with a shorter post-myocardial infarct hospital stay has been presented. 2 A seven-day hospital stay in selected patients appears reasonable and safe. 3 Further multi-center controlled studies to enlarge on this experience is proposed. 4 The socioeconomic impact of a shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work, in higher percentages, would be striking.


Early mobilization, pros and cons.

Early mobilization, pros and cons.


Introduction.

Introduction.


A critique of ambulation studies.

A critique of ambulation studies.


Early mobilization and convalescent phase.


The functional of a model and an operational system.


The U.K. clinician's approach.

The U.K. clinician's approach.


Panel II: The pros and cons of early mobilization and of the convalescent phase in rehabilitation. Discussion.


Rehabilitation methodology: international survey.


Panel III: Psychological aspects, placebo effect and rehabilitation methodology. Discussion.


Panel III: Pyschological aspects, placebo effect and rehabilitation methodology.


Attempts of phage typing of "Salmonella wien" strains isolated in central Italy.


[The Casoni intradermal reaction in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis].


Nucleolar vacuoles as manifestations of nucleolar genes.


The social origins of cancer.

The social origins of cancer.


Trying to sort out the health care boondoggle.


New careers in genetic counseling.

New careers in genetic counseling.


Prescription for premed students.

Prescription for premed students.


Myoclonic disorders of spinal origin.

Myoclonic disorders of spinal origin. Data in the literature on spinal myoclonic disorders are still scanty; little has been done to ensure an adequate classification; little is known about the pathophysiology of these disorders. Three patients with spinal myoclonic jerks are described, with detailed reference to electromyographic findings. On the basis of the case reports so far available, a classification into five subgroups is suggested of spinal myoclonic jerks: 1) after cord injuries; 2) associated with intramedullary cord tumours; 3) associated with intramedullary or extramedullary cysts; 4) associated with radiculomyelitis or myelopathy; 5) associated with affections of the alpha motoneurons. A number of hypotheses on the pathogenesis of this disorder are briefly discussed: peripheral or intraspinal sprouting, degeneration of alpha motoneurons or interneurons, reduction of the dendritic tree size, and involvement of the gamma system.


Torkildsen's ventriculocisternostomy: some complications and their prevention. Torkildsen's ventriculocisternostomy retains a certain usefulness despite the recent popularity of newer procedures. Despite many modifications and suggestions for improving the procedure, certain hazards and complications remain. We report instances of myelopathy from contact with and impalement by the cervical end of the tube, acute quadriplegia, unsuspected kinking of the catheter and late ventricular catheter malposition together with certain suggestions for modifications of technique which we believe will make Torkildsen's shunting more reliable and safe.


Further observation on the possible relationship between migraine and serum ammonia levels. Although patients diagnosed as having migraine, have been studied extensively, there is no definite proof of a primary biochemical abnormality which is of significance in the pathogenesis of migraine. Several authors have suggested that increased serum ammonia levels may play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of migraine. This possibility was first put forth by Russell, who studied a single family with ornithine carbamyl transferase deficiency and 8 juveniles with migraine, RUSSELL'S finding was supported by a preliminary study carried out by one of the authors in which hyperammo-naemia was found in 22 adults during migraine attacks. In order to etknd these earlier findings, serum ammonia levels were determined in 35 adults with either classic or complicated migraine and in 20 healthy adults. No significant difference was found between the patients (44 microgram/100 ml +/- 13.9) and the controls (74 microgram/100 ml +/- 9.5). Ammonia level was determined in 10 patients within two hours of the onset of an acute migraine and was unchanged (65 microgram/100 ml). This study suggests that alterations in serum ammonia level are not important in the pathogenesis of migraine in adults.


Effect of moderate arterial hypotension combined with repeated withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid on the development of increased ventricular fluid pressure after cold injuries in cats. The influence of Trimetaphan induced hypotension was studied on the development of increased ventricular fluid pressure after induction of cold injuries of the brain in cats. Hypotension was induced in two series of animals: in one immediately after freezing and in another series after a delay of three quarters of an hour. In the animals not treated with hypotension ventricular fluid pressure increased considerably according to three types of response. In both series treated with hypotension the ventricular fluid pressure and elastance were significantly lower than in the animals not treated; also brain stem herniation tended to occur less frequently in the animals treated. No deleterious effect of the hypotension was seen on cerebral metabolism as measured by the lactate content in the cerebrospinal fluid.


Differential effects of simple and choice reaction after closed head injury. Simple and choice reaction time to visual signals were recorded in persons having sustained a closed head injury. The results show a disproportional effect of task complexity in comparison to the performance of a normal group. Moreover, an interaction was demonstrated between complexity of the reaction task and length of coma after the injury. Finally it was shown that this interaction was still visible 22 months after the concussion. At that time, there is no longer a difference in simple reaction time between groups with different lengths of coma, while there is still a significant difference in the choice reaction task.


Model role for bacteriorhodopsin for solar energy utilization by primordial organisms. Enzymes similar in function to contemporary bacteriorhodopsin could have been active in primordial living organisms for the utilization of solar energy to produce ATP. The energy-conversion system, which depends on a light-driven proton pump, is enzymatically simple, insensitive to cyanide inhibition and functional under highly lipid conditions in an anaerobic atmosphere.


Electron microscopic study of the differentiation and development of trophocytes and oocytes in Gerris najas (Heteroptera). The differentiation of oogonia and oocytes, and of trophocytes, from undifferentiated germ line cells has been studied in Gerris najas, a pond skater, from the fourth instar to the adult animal. For the first time criteria have been obtained which allow the distinction between poorly differentiated early oogonia and nurse cells. The most important criteria are the size, shape, and structure of nuclei and mucleoli. This is consistent with the different function of these cell types, which is primarily a different nuclear function: meiosis in the oocytes, and RNA synthesis to support the trophic core and the oocytes in the trophocytes.


Electron microscopic study of concanavalin A binding to membranes of the Golgi complex. Binding of Concanavalin A to the Golgi complex and the resultant effect on intramembrane particles and enzyme activity has been studied with Golgi-rich fractions isolated from rat liver. Con A binds mainly to the tubular network of the Golgi complex and, to a lesser extent, the peripheral regions of the cisternae. Interaction of Con A with Golgi membranes is accompanied by aggregation of intramembrane particles reflecting increased membrane fluidity. Enhancement of galactosyl transferase, membrane bound in the Golgi complex, also occurs with Con A binding.


Histological study of the effects of hycanthone on the frog's ventricle in the presence of a soluble sodium salt of prednisolone hemisuccinate. The histological picture of the ventricle of frog's heart exposed to the action of Hycanthone in Ringer's solution in concentration of 1:1 was compared with that of the ventricle of frog's heart exposed to Ringer's solution devoid of the drug and with that of frog's heart exposed to Ringer's solution containing Hycanthone in concentration of 1:1 in addition to a soluble sodium salt of prednisolone hemisuccinate in concentration 1:1. It was found that the structure of the ventricle of the heart exposed to the action of Hycanthone in the presence of the soluble sodium salt of prednisolone hemisuccinate was close in pattern to the structure of the ventricle of the heart exposed to Ringer's solution alone, while the ventricle of the heart exposed to Hycanthone alone in Ringer's solution in concentration of 1:1 was different in that the muscle fibres swollen, the cytoplasm was paler with less marked striations, the nuclei were swollen and paler, the epicardial cells were swollen and the connective tissue pattern was distorted. This denoted that the morphological changes that occurred in response to Hycanthone in the presence of the soluble sodium salt of prednisolone hemisuccinate was less marked than those which occurred in its absence.


The chemistry of schistosomicides.

The chemistry of schistosomicides. The chemistry of the different compounds applied in the field of schistosomicides has been reviewed in detail. On the basis of their chemical constitution, these compounds have been classified into: organotrivalent antimonials; Xanthones and related compounds "xanthones, chromones and mirasans"; Nitroheterocyclic compounds "nitroquinolines, nitrofurans and nitrothiazoles"; Miscellaneous compounds "phenoxy compounds, piperazines, naphthylazo compounds, phosphorous compounds, carbanilides, rosanilines, salicyclic acid derivatives and natural products". On consideration of biochemical and pharmacological investigations, studies concerned with mechanism of action, metabolic changes and comparative toxic effects of some groups of these compounds are reported. Investigations on the relation between constitution and action among variety of these compounds are included.


Hycanthone in the treatment of Egyptian bilharzial patients. Hycanthone has a schistosomicidal effect against S. haematobium and S. mansoni present singly or combined in the patient. It is effective in all age groups but better in old and adults than in children and better in females than in males. It gave a cure rate of 60.6% after single intramuscular dose of 3 mg/kg body weight. Second dose after three months gave 94.4% cure rate and a third injection after further two months gave 100% cure rate. So, the drug cannot be used in the treatment of bilharziasis as a single dose course.


Bilharziasis of the central nervous system in human beings and experimental animals. The investigator studied schistosomiasis of central nervous system in human cadavers and hamsters. He found out that 13.3% of the spinal cords of the human cadavers were infected by Schistosoma ova. The lesion was confined to the lumbosacral region of the cord in cases of advanced bilharziasis. The cords of infected Hamsters showed only diffuse cell infilterate without ova. The possible pathways of ova from the final habitats of the parasites to the cord are pelvivertebral and portovertebral connections as shown from the discovered pathological changes in the blood vessels of these areas.


The structure of tartar-emetic.

The structure of tartar-emetic. Evaluation of the validity of the different formulae assigned to tarar-emetic is reviewed. According to the recent and most valid structure, tartar emetic is defined as potassium hydroxytartratoantimonite hemihydrate which is a derivative of the antimonite ion [Sb(OH)4]-.


Influence of diet on breeding and infectivity in mass cultivation of Biomphalaria glabrata. Under well defined laboratory conditions as troughs, room temperature, humidity, water and air supply Biomphalaria glabrata was bred and kept. In  feeding trials powder of pellets for mice and commercial fish food were used as high protein diet in comparison to poor protein diet consisting of lettuce only. The high protein diet resulted in more clutches and eggs per snail than the lettuce diet. Also the yield of cercariae in the rish protein group was much higher than in the group fed on on lettuce alone. The optimal amount of snails could be obtained by feeding pellet powder, fish food and lettuce.


Influence of diet on breeding and infectivity in mass cultivation of Bulinus truncatus. Under well defined laboratory conditions as troughs, room temperature, humidity, water, and air supply Bulinus truncatus was bred and kept. In a feeding trial high protein diet consisting of powdered mice pellets, commercial tropical fish food and lettuce was compared to poor protein diet of lettuce alone. Higher yield of clutches, eggs and cercariae were observed in the rich protein diet group, Bulinus and Biomphalaria Snail seem to be influenced by diet in the same way.


Stereo-scan observations on the cercaria of Schistosoma haematobium. The scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the hinge region and excretory canal of the cercaria of Schistosoma haematobium.


Assessment of left ventricular function in schistosomiasis. Inspite of the fact that the haemodynamic changes in the right ventricle in schistosomal disease received proper attention, left ventricular changes were not equally assessed. That the left ventricle could suffer in bilharzial disease is a possibility, probably due to the development of shunts and toxic myocarditis. In this wor5, left ventricular functions were studied using the rate of maximum rise of intraventricular pressure (kp/dt) as an index of contractility. The study included 10 normal controls, 5 cases with bilharzial liver fibrosis and no ascites or cor pulmonale, 10 cases with BLF, and ascites but no cor pulmonale, and 10 cases with bilharzial cor pulmonale. Diminished dp/dt values were obtained in 8 out of the 10 cases of bilharzial cor pulmonale, in whom the left ventricular pressure curve also showed distortion and delay in the descending limb of the isometric relaxation phase, denoting defective contractility of the left ventricle, and probably a diastolic volume overload in these cases. In BLF with or without ascites, the dp/dt values were surprisingly increased possibly due to increased catecholamines in these cases secondary to ineffective destruction in the liver suffering from parenchymatous disease. The left ventricle is thus shown to suffer in bilharzial disease particularly in cases with bilharzial cor pulmonale.


The effects of dyphylline [7-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) theophylline] on the toxicity of hycanthone on the frog's heart. The effects of the topical application of Dyphylline in concentrations of 1.0 mg/1.0 ml and 10 mg/1.0 ml Ringer's solution and 25 mg/1.0 ml, 0.065% NaCl solution (the content of ampoules in clinical use) were investigated on frog's heart in situ. Dyphylline in all of the above concentrations had a stimulatory effect on the frog's heart. Hycanthone methanesulphonate in concentration of 1.0 ml/1.0 ml when topically applied to the frog's heart had a depressant effect on both of the contractility and rhythmicity. The depressant effects of Hycanthone in concentration of 1:1 were compared before and after the topical application of Dyphylline in the above mentioned concentrations. It was found that Dyphylline in concentration of 1.0 mg/1.0 ml could partially antagonize the depressant effect of Hycanthone on the heart rate but not on the force of contraction. Dyphylline in concentration of 10 mg/1.0 ml could partially antagonize the depressant effects of Hycanthone on both of the heart rate and the force of contraction. Dyphylline in concentration of 25 mg/1.0 ml could completely antagonize the depressant effects of hycanthone on both of the heart rate and the force of contraction.


Clinical features and treatment of urinary calculi in childhood. During the period 1926-1975, 94 children with urinary calculi were treated. The incidence, causation, localisation, symptomatology and diagnosis of urolithiasis in children are discussed. The therapeutic possibilities are also outlined. Particular emphasis is laid on therapeutic programmes for the prevention of recurrence in all varieties of urinary calculi, by means of which the recurrence rate in our own series was reduced to around 16%.


Renal cell carcinoma--invasion of veins. Out of 188 operatively removed renal cell carcinomas 49% showed macroscopic evidence of vein invasion and in 28% of the cases only histologically provable vein invasion. The uncorrected 5-year survival rates amounted to 40.8% in macroscopic vein invasion, 60.6% in histologically provable vein invasion and 75.6% in the absence of vein invasion. The term 'vein invasion' should therefore always be defined more precisely. Hence suggest to modify the V classification of 1974 of the UICC.


Influence of plastic splints in the production of epithelial tubes from buried skin strips. An experimental study. Based on the practice of the Browne technique for hypospadias, epithelial skin strips were splinted with polyvinyl tubes. In an experimental study the well-known excellent tissue tolerance of the polyvinyl material was demonstrated. Definite enlarged diameter of the splinted epithelialized tubes was observed in comparing it with unsplinted controls.


Acute retention of urine due to prolapsed ectopic ureterocele in an adult male. A case is presented of prolapsed ectopic ureterocele which produced severe urinary retention in a 31-year-old male patient. The usefulness of lumbar transcutaneous puncture is emphasized in a case associated with a non-functioning upper pole of a duplex kidney.


On the nature of tumour-specific transplantation-type antigens.


Antigens of chemically induced tumors.

Antigens of chemically induced tumors.


Role of complement components on cells and in cell interactions. The complement system, though complex, is relatively easy to study both in terms of its reaction pathways, its distribution and its genetics. There is reason to believe that the complement system is involved in cell surface events and interactions at a variety of levels and we may hope that the knowledge of the system in the blood plasma will provide relatively easy insights into the more difficult areas with cells.


Cell-coat glycosaminoglycans in cellular transformation and differentiation.


Immunization of ewes to oestrogens: effects on the oestrous cycle and parturition.


Human graafian follicles in tissue culture: correlations between oestrogen and progesterone production and the site of delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.


Local application of prostaglandin F2alpha to the exterior of the ovarian vasculature: effects on the ovine corpus luteum.


Prostaglandins and luteolysis in the goat and human.


Oestradiol and progesterone: soluble receptor levels and metabolism in the uterus of the ovariectomized ewe.


The effects of age of egg and site of transfer on survival of transferred eggs in the ewe.


The nature of ultrastructural changes induced by exposure of spermatozoa to lysolecithin.


Effects of progesterone and oestradiol on endometrial metabolism and embryo survival in the ovariectomized ewe.


Information needs at the research/corporate management interface.


The adequacy of physicians' and pharmacists' sources for drug information.


Communicating about drugs.

Communicating about drugs.


Consumers' methods of self-medication.

Consumers' methods of self-medication.


CTFA information services.

CTFA information services.


Collection, evaluation, and dissemination of drug interaction information by the APhA Drug Interactions Evaluation Program.


The nurse and drug surveillance.

The nurse and drug surveillance.


FDA's cosmetic data information system: the program, design and public access to data.


Collection, storage, retrieval, and analysis of toxicological data using automated equipment and packaged software.


Impact of otc efficacy review on the industry.


Effective industry/FDA liaison.

Effective industry/FDA liaison.


Minicomputer system for product and ingredient information retrieval.


Physician prescribing patterns. I. Technical aspects and initial analyses.


Use of a project management system on new drug development.


Meddoc three years later.

Meddoc three years later.


Data processing coordination in NDA preparation.


Drug information communication via television.


Occupational Safety & Health Act--on multiemployer jobsite, when employees of any employer are affected by noncompliance with a safety standard, employer in control of work area violates act; employer not in control of work area does not violate act, even if his own employees are affected, provided the hazard is "nonserious".


Sound-spectrographic cry analysis of normal and abnormal newborn infants. A review and a recommendation for standardization of the cry characteristics.


Autobiographical considerations on aphasic rehabilitation.


The international register of lithium babies.


Physician maldistribution: can group practice come to the rescue?


A cephalometric study of structures of the head and neck during sustained phonation of covered and open qualities.


Bringing the mountain to Mohammed.

Bringing the mountain to Mohammed.


Evaluation and outcome of traumatic aphasia in patients with severe verified focal lesions.


Buying in - selling out.

Buying in - selling out.


Wall Streeters need doctors, too.

Wall Streeters need doctors, too.


HMO's--worth the risk?

HMO's--worth the risk?


You're okay, we're all okay.

You're okay, we're all okay.


Rural America. Green pastures for group practice.


Coxsackie virus infection simulating smallpox.


Naevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis of Hoffmann-Zurhelle.


Buschke-Loewenstein tumour.

Buschke-Loewenstein tumour.


The effects of dark isolation on the performance of a white-black discrimination task in the rat. Four experiments were performed on rats using a white-black discrimination task. In Exp. 1 the animals that were isolated in darkness for four hours after each learning trial performed with fewer errors than the animals that spent the same posttrial periods in enriched environments in groups. In Exp. 2 training was carried further and retention after 10 days was investigated. The isolated animals again performed with fewer errors. In Exp. 3 a control was added to the Isolated and Enriched conditions. Animals in the control group were returned to their home cages after each training trial. No difference was found between Enriched and Control animals. In Exp 4 Dark-Isolated, Light-Isolated, Dark-Crowded and Light-Crowded groups were used. The performance of the two Dark-treated groups was superior to that of the Light-treated groups. The findings are discussed with reference to interference and consolidation theory.


Medical audits: how Marshfield charts its course.


Labor relations: the future is now!

Labor relations: the future is now!


Alteration of escape from rewarding electrical brain stimulation by D-amphetamine. Rats were trained both to barpress for and escape from locus coeruleus, midbrain periaqueductal gray and hypothalamic stimulation. Rate-intensity functions for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior and latency-intensity functions for escape behavior were obtained for each electrode site in each animal. Following baseline, d-amphetamine was administered and responding was compared with the saline condition for both rate-intensity and latency-intensity functions. ICSS response rates were enhanced by d-amphetamine at all loci, particularly at threshold intensities, while escape responding was biphasically affected by d-amphetamine at all loci. D-amphetamine increased escape latencies at intensities which, under saline, elicited short escape latencies, while decreasing escape latencies at intensities which, under saline, elicited long escape latencies. A significant correspondence was noted between intensities which, under the influence of d-amphetamine, both elicited longer escape latencies and higher ICSS response rates, suggesting that in both ICSS and escape paradigms, animals were titrating the duration of the stimulus train. No site-specific effects of d-amphetamine upon escape behavior were noted.


On time space and the cerebral hemispheres: a theoretical note. The two well know dichotomies in hemispheric functions--temporal-spatial, and analysis-synthesis (extraction-integration)--are combined in a unified theory of cerebral dominance. The two dichotomies are first considered within the framework of a two-stage model of information processing, and subsequently reduced to the extraction and integration operations performed at each of the two stages. At the first stage, the respective operations of extraction and integration applied on the sensory stream yield the spatiotemporal organization of events. At the second stage, these operations are expressed in progressively more complex organizations such as verbal coding and pictorial imagery. The model is finally generalized into a multiple-stage model. Some empirical consequences are derived.


Lateralization of language and spatial functions in left-handed populations. The level of performance in the execution of a tactual-linguistic task was studied in two left-handed populations, one with language lateralized to the left and the other with language lateralized to the right hemisphere, according to Kimura's dichotic digit test. The results showed that left-handers with speech most likely lateralized to the left hemisphere performed significantly better in the tactual-linguistic task with the left hand, while the ones with speech probably lateralized to the right hemisphere, did better with the right hand. The data suggest that integration of functions asymmetrically represented is facilitated by their differential lateralization.


Biochemical studies of taste sensation. V. Binding of quinine to bovine taste papillae and taste bud cells.


Neuronal circuits involved in learning: the use of modifiable synapses in the simulation of behavior. Our present knowledge of brain structure and function requires that any model of neuronal circuitry designed to account for learning must satisfy three conditions. It must (1) meet economy restrictions on the number of cells in the brain, (2) use the same set of cells to account for a number of different behaviors, and (3) not require a detailed embryological specification of its connections. Previously published models have failed to meet one or more of these conditions. In this paper, a model is presented which does satisfy them, and in doing so accounts in detail for classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and other learning tasks. The model employs the types of synapses proposed by Burke and Hebb in simple modular circuits as a means of providing independent storage of information at each modifiable synapse.


Sometimes a "non-returnable" basis for drugs is justified.


Two eastern schools train health care engineers.


The pharmacy director of the future: a specialized generalist?


A pharmacist's experience in a teaching program for patients on anticoagulant medication.


Pharmaceutical services for the primary care health team.


Planning for pharmacy service in a small hospital.


"What is your address and phone number, Dr. Wallace?".


Multihospital and inhouse MEs arrive at conclusions.


Productivity management: integral element in the management process.


A question: should pharmacists make permanent entries on patients' charts?


Certification would hinder systems engineers.


A question: should pharmacists make permanent entries on patients' charts? Answers.


Establishing modern pharmacy service in a large mental hospital.


Evaluation by physicians of a pharmacy newsletter.


On the pharmaceutical orphan.

On the pharmaceutical orphan.


Adverse drug reactions: further controversy.


On the subjectivity of personality theory. Every theorist of personality views the human condition from the unique perspective of his own individuality. As a consequence, personality theories are strongly influenced by personal and subjective factors. These influences are partially responsible for the present day lack of consensus in psychology as to basic conceptual frameworks for the study of man. The science of human personality can achieve a greater degree of consensus and generality only if it begins to turn back on itself and question its own psychological foundations. The role of subjective and personal factors in this field can be studied and made more explicit by means of a psychobiographical method which interprets the major ideas of personality theories in the light of the formative experiences in the respective theorists' lives. This method is briefly illustrated by an examination of the influence of personal experiences on theoretical concepts in the work of Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, Wilhelm Reich, and Gordon Allport. The subjective factors disclosed by psychobiographical analysis can bee seen to interact with influences stemming from the intellectual and historical context within which the theorist work. The psychobiographical study of personality theory is only one part of a larger discipline, the psychology of knowledge, which would study the role of subjective and personal factors in the structure of man's knowledge in general.


The need for accuracy in historiography. Historiographers must be especially accurate in their citations and references. An article by Wettersten contained numerous incorrect references and citations, and factual errors. Corrections are provided.


Response to Littman: the need for recognition of theory in historiography.


Factors contributing to osteomalacia in the elderly and in the Asian communities in the United Kingdom.


Haemoglobin changes, diet and anthropometric measurements in adolescent male detainees. A fall in haemoglobin noted in detainees in a Detention Centre in 1972 prompted a more detailed study to find possible reasons for this change. A significant fall in haemoglobin occurred between the first and third day after arrival, and no further fall had taken place eight weeks later. There was no evidence to suggest dehydration on arrival, or of any dietary deficiency during their stay. The fall in haemoglobin concentration occurred in non-smokers and smokers alike. It is suggested that the initial haemoglobin was higher than normal, possibly due to a physiological response to stress, and that it returned to normal by the third day when the boys had become accustomed to their new environment.


The role of carbohydrates, and of sugar in particular, in our diet.


Dietitians in the EEC: 1. The Netherlands. A dietitian in a dental health programme.


Computerised dietary calculations: an interactive approach.


Computerised nutritional analysis in the dietetic department of a teaching hospital.


Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. Coverage for psychiatric treatment.


MAOIs and food-fact and fiction.

MAOIs and food-fact and fiction.


Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. Claims review.


Recombinant influenza-virus vaccines. III. Isolation and preliminary characterization of so-called antigenic recombinant influenza viruses.


Recombinant influenza-virus vaccines. IV. Segregation of antigenic and some biological properties of Influenza virus neuraminidase by recombination.


A qualitative and quantitative study of the fatty acid composition of selected micro-organisms. Fatty acid content was found to be an important parameter in the identification and numerical taxonomy of many micro-organisms. Isolates of the same species and genus as well as members of many well defined groups, such as the Enterobacteriaceae, were included in the study. A direct methylation procedure of the bacteria was found to be accurate, efficient and rapid. Fatty acids were found to be reliable indicators of micro-organisms in group, generic, specific and strain identification. Other biochemical tests were especially valuable when used in conjunction with fatty acid profiles in identification and classification of the bacteria studied.


Cold-sensitive variants of Staphylococcus aureus and their stimulation by penicillins and cephalosporins. Cold-sensitive (Cs) variants were obtained from ageing broth cultures of the Oxford strain of Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) and other penicillin-sensitive strains of this species. Growth of all strains was severely retarded on certain media at 30 degrees C but was stimulated by the addition of penicillins and cephalosporins. Revertants were derived which behaved as the parent cells did with respect to growth temperature requirements and response to these antibiotics.


Habituation of visually evoked responses in man: a study of its time course. Twelve subjects were tested in a study of short-and long-term habituation of visually evoked responses to flashes with fixed and random interstimulus intervals. Long-term habituation was evalutated using blocks of 64 responses, and 'sliding' averages were calculated for estimation of the short-term habituation. Two measures of averaged evoked responses amplitude were used: N1-P2 amplitude and mean level of responses between 70 and 220 msec. A gradual decrease of amplitude of the vertex responses was observed during the first 3 min of stimulation, the greater part of this decrement occurring during the first 15 sec, with fixed interstimulus intervals. No decrement was observed with random interstimulus intervals. As the time course of long-term habituation may be influenced by fluctuations in the levels of arousal and attention, a decrement of the responses in a short period of stimulation is more likely to represent true habituation. The procedure of 'sliding' average presents some advantages over the averaging by ordinal positions used in some studies and is more satisfactory in investigations of such noncooperative subjects as psychiatric patients.


Monoiodotyrosine: effects on tissue amines and cold survival. The effects of monoiodotyrosine (MIT) on cold survival and levels of tissue amines in rats were studied. MIT was found to impair cold suvival and to lower levels of norepinephrine (NE). These experiments confirm previous pharmacologic evidence that MIT has an anti-adrenergic effect. Cold stress lowered brain NE levels but failed to lower brain dopamine levels, a finding consistent with current views of the role of brain mechanisms in temperature regulation.


Bioavailabiltity and side effects of different lithium carbonate products. Among the three lithium preparations tested, no significant difference was found in the bioavailability, as expressed in serum and erythrocyte lithium concentrations and urinary lithium output. The side effect reports, however, varied significantly among the types of lithium under study. The slower the absorption of a particular preparation, the fewer the side effects. The results of this study support the view that preference should be given to lithium preparations with slow-release properites, particularly in side-effect-prone subjects.


Application of factor analytic procedures to complex evoked potential measurements in psychiatric research. Several factor analytic procedures were applied to data gathered with a modified somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recovery function prodecure in 56 non-patients and 224 psychiatric inpatients. The data were analyzed for each option reflected in three main issues. (1) Which group should be used for calculating the basic factor structure--normals only or all subjects? (2) Should measurements be preadjusted for covariance with variables known to obscure events of interest? (3) Should varimax rotation be used, or are principal components sufficient? Using two criteria, interpretability of factors in relation to experimental design, and their ability to discriminate clinical groups, it appeared that: (1) choice of either population yielded similar results; (2) when measurements were pre-adjusted for covariance more interpretable factors, which also yielded clinical discriminations, were obtained by varimax rotations than by principal components, and (3) when data were not adjusted by covariance, principal component analysis produced a factor which, although less interpretable in relation to experimental design than the varimax factors, provided equivalent clinical discriminations.


Glucose-insulin metabolism in herion addicts. The insulinemic and glycemic response to a glucose load (100 g per os) was studied in 21 heroin addicts, 16 males and 5 females, age 16-28 years, history of addiction lasting from 6 months to 4 years with heroin alone (from 0.5 to 1.5 g/day i.v.). Nine normal sujects, from the hospital staff, 4 females and 5 males matched for age were use as control. The insulinemic and glycemic response to a glucose load was examined immediately after hospitalization, while the patients were still on heroin, 48 h later off drugs, and in 10 of the 21 cases 5 days later still off drugs. From the results obtained, it appears that in heroin addicts the glycemic response to the glucose load shows a delayed peak time. The insulin curves show increased insulin peaks, delayed peak time and prolonged hyperinsulinemia. The pathomechanism of heroin in inducing the above-metioned impairments is discussed, taking also in cosideration the possible influence of the drug on the neurotransmitter regulation of insulin.


Short term effects of feeding male subjects with glucose syrup fractions and D-glucose.


Effect of dietary iron level on efficiency of converting food iron into hemoglobin by the anemic rat. The effects of varying the dietary levels of ferrous sulfate or ferric orthophosphate on the efficiency of the conversion of dietary iron into hemoglobin iron, was evaluated with the anemic rat. Weanling male rats were made anemic by feeding a semipurified diet containing 8.4 mg iron/kg, and by bleeding. They were divided into nine groups so that hemoglobin levels and body weights were similar. The rats were fed the basal diet or basal diet plus 12, 24, 36 and 48 mg iron/kg diet provided as ferrous sulfate or ferric orthophosphate. The rats were fed 10 g daily of the respective diets for 10 consecutive days. The efficiency of the conversion of dietary iron into hemoglobin iron was not significantly affected by dietary level of either iron salt. It was determined that ferric orthophosphate was 51% as efficient as ferrous sulfate for hemoglobin regeneration in the anemic rat.


Regulation of blood pyridoxal phosphate in riboflavin deficiency in man. Synthesis and breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate by erythrocytes were studied in subjects with oral lesions before and after treatment with riboflavin. In vivo conversion of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate as well as in vitro synthesis of pyridoxal phosphate by erythrocytes were lower in subjects with lesions of the mouth and improved markedly after treatment with riboflavin. Erythrocyte phosphatase activity, with pyridoxal phosphate as substrate, was lower in riboflavin-deficient subjects and showed an increase after treatment with riboflavin.


The importance of motivation in the adherence to dietary advice. A one-year follow-up study of middle-aged women with a supposed risk to develop diabetes.


Effects of a fat-reduced diet on the faecal excretion of radioactivity following administration of 14C-cholic acid and on the duodenal concentration of bile salts in patients with ileal disease. The fraction of faecal radioactivity excreted after intravenous administration of 14C-labelled cholic acid decreased in most patients with ileopathy and bile salt malabsorption when the dietary daily fat content was reduced from 100 to 40 g. The decreased faecal cholic acid loss might be due to increased bile salt absorption and decreased emptying of the gall-bladder on the fat-reduced diet. A simplified method to determine the corrected 24-hour excretion of radiologically labelled bile salts is described.


Thymic weight in pantothenic acid deficiency. The purpose of this note is to emphasize the significant effects of nutritional factors, in this case pantothenic acid, on growth and development of rat thymus. Low antibody titers against various infectious agents in pantothenic acid deficiency and skin graft tolerance in pyridoxine deficiency warrant an assessment of the effects of vitamins on the growth and development of the thymus and consequently on the immune response.


The effect of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on metabolism and insulin secretion in rats on a controlled feeding regimen. The metabolic effect of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions, which are known to cause hyperphagia and obesity, has been studied in rats kept on a controlled light and food regimen. The animals were sacrificed at 4 different times during the second postoperative day. A feeding-induced hypersecretion of insulin was found to the VMH-lesioned animals. It was accompanied by a marked hypoglycemia as compared to the control groups during the feeding period. The glycogen content of liver and diaphragm in the lesioned groups is increased as compared to the controls during the same period. The VMH-lesioned animals showed hypertriglyceridemia both in the fed and fasted state, whereas the postabsorptive plasma levels of free fatty acids and glycerol were decreased. An increased level of urea was observed in all lesioned groups. This is in accordance with the demonstrated protein catabolism which follows VMH lesions.


Erythropoietic response of anemic rats to enriched white bread and bread ash. Iron-deficient rats were rehabilitated with diets supplying iron from white wheat bread, bread ash or ferrous sulfate as a standard. The relative biological value of iron in bread or its ash was greater when evaluated from red blood cell count than when estimated from hemoglobin concentration. Ash obtained by heating bread in a muffle furnace and reduced with hydrogen was more effective in stimulating blood cell production than could be accounted for by its iron content alone.


The influence of interrrupted vitamin D metabolism on acute low calcium adaptation in the rat. The small intestine of animals place on a low calcium diet adapts to the dietary restriction by transporting calcium more efficiently. Adaptation has been observed in most mammalian species; however, the mechanism of adaptation has not been well defined. Recent evidence indicates that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2-D3], the active metabolite of vitamin D, may be involved in the process of adaptation. The present study was designed to examine the inflluence of experimental interruption of vitamin D metabolism on acute low calcium adaptation. Partial hepatectomy, cortisone treatment and dietary strontium supplements were used to inhibit the production of 1,25(OH)2-D3. In separate experiments partial hepatectomy produced a 38% reduction in adaptation; cortisone treatment (5 mg/day, s.c.) caused a 88% reduction and dietary strontium abolished adaptation completely. The possible roles of parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-D3 and their relationships in the process of adaptation are discussed.


Influence of litter size on lipid composition in infant mice. The amount of milk available to each member of the litter was varied by adjusting the number of mice pups to 4, 8 or 12 per dam. The total fatty acid content of the carcass of the young increased for 2 weeks, and there was more in the well-fed groups. The fatty acid contents decreased thereafter transiently in all groups until weaning. The milk diet contributed major quantities of lauric and myristic acids to peripheral tissues but not to the liver. Undernourishment during neonatal life was associated with a relative reduction in palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids in lipids of the carcass. In contrast the carcass of the progeny subjected to overall dietary abundance showed relative increase in palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids at the expense of stearic acid.


Effect of protracted intermittent fasting on the activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, and on the concentrations of glycogen, protein and DNA in skeletal muscle of obese women. In the quadriceps femoris muscle of obese women the glycogen concentration was significantly lower than in the control group, while protein and DNA values showed no significant differences. After 37 days of intermittent fasting, which consisted of repeated 5-day fasts alternating with 3-day intervals on 500 KCal/day with 60 g protein, in a group of 21 obese women a significant decline of the hexokinase activity in skeletal muscle was found. Other enzymes: triosophosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase showed no significant changes. There was a significant fall in concentration of DNA and and glycogen, but the protein concentration did not change.


Body lipids of guinea pigs exposed to different dietary fats from mid-gestation to 3 months of age. Pregnant guinea pigs were fed one of three diets: a control low-fat diet, or a high-fat diet containing maize oil or beef dripping. At birth some animals were killed and the remainder reared on the same diet as their mothers till 3 months old. Body weight, weight of various adipose tissue depots, size and number of fat cells were measured. Animals fed high-fat diets were fatter than control animals. On all diets females were fatter than males. In both instances the increase in adipose tissue mass was attributable to enlargement of fat cells. The composition of dietary fat had little influence on the cellularity of adipose tissue.


Body lipids of guinea pigs exposed to different dietary fats from mid-gestation to 3 months of age. II. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of liver, plasma, adipose tissue, muscle and red cell membranes at birth. Pregnant guinea pigs were fed one of three diets: a commercial low-fat diet, or a high-fat diet containing maize oil or beef dripping. The young were killed at birth and the fatty acid composition of the lipids of the liver, plasma, adipose tissue, quadriceps muscle and red cell membranes was determined. Compared with those fed the commercial diet the tissue of the young of mothers fed maize oil had an increased percentage of linoleic acid whereas in those of the young of mothers fed beef dripping, the percentage of oleic acid was significantly higher. These changes occurred both in the triglycerides and in the membrane phospholipids (with the exceptin of sphingomyelins) of all tissues examined. These results demonstrate that the fatty acid composition of the tissue lipids of the newborn guinea pig can be influenced by the fatty acid composition of the maternal diet. Changes in the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids can be as great as those in storage lipids. This raises the question of long-term physiological significance for the animal.


Body lipids of guinea pigs exposed to different dietary fats from mid-gestation to 3 months of age. III. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of plasma, adipose tissue, liver and muscle at 3 months of age. Pregnant guinea pigs were fed one of three diets: a 'control' low-fat diet, or a high-fat diet containing maize oil or beef dripping. Offspring were reared on the same diet as their mothers and when they were 3 months old, fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the adipose tissue, blood plasma, liver and muscle were analysed. The proportion of linoleic acid was elevated in both the storage triglycerides and the tissue phosphoglycerides of animals fed 'maize' diet whereas in the 'beef' group the proportion of oleic acid was significantly elevated compared with controls. A substantial part of these diet-induced changes in tissue fatty acid composition had occurred by the time animal was born; only minor changes took place in the subsequent 3 months of feeding.


Variations in mineralization of teeth in tissue culture.


Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


Acute ulceration of stomach and duodenum.


Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer.

Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer.


Gastrins.

Gastrins.


Posgastrectomy syndromes and their treatment.


New concepts on the medical treatment of peptic ulcer.


The estimation of blood flow to hemodialyzers by bubble time. Reliable estimation of blood flow to hemodialyzers is essential to the accurate prescription of therapy. Customarily an air bubble is timed as it traverses a racetrack of known volume and blood flow is calculated from the formula Qb (ml/min) = (volume/BT) (60 sec/min). The linearity of this relationship has recently been questioned. Air bubble velocities were statistically fit to measured blood flows over 6 hematocrit values. From the resulting relationship, Qb (ml/min) = 62 (vol/L) (L/BT)0.96, one can generate a table relating velocity to flow for clinical use.


Sequential ultrafiltration and diffusion as alternative to conventional hemodialysis.


Some acid-base and metabolic aspects of high mass-transfer hemodialysis.


Hemodialysis with single femoral vein catheter - reduced recirculation with short catheter.


Performance and clinical use of a convertible hemodialysis (HD) - ultrafiltration (UF) system. A hemodialysis-ultrafiltration system has been developed and evaluated. It may be used either as a conventional hemodialyzer or as a nondialytic ultrafilter. When used as a dialyzer an ultrafiltration controller is required to fix ultrafiltration rate at the desired level. Rates of low molecular solute removal are compatible with those observed in commercially available artificial kidney systems, higher clearances are obtained for middle molecules, and the rate of ultrafiltration can be controlled within narrowly prescribed limits.


Dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and supplemental calcium therapy in dialysis patients.


LeVeen shunt (LS): long-term therapy for idiopathic ascites of chronic renal failure.


Echocardiographic findings in stable hemodialysis patients.


Nutritional intake, somatomedin activity and linear growth in children undergoing hemodialysis. Reduced somatomedin activity was uniformly present pre-dialysis in 7 children with end-stage renal disease. Somatomedin activity improved in 6 of the 7 patients following a single 5 hr hemodialysis. Percent normal growth correlated with post-dialysis somatomedin activity in 6 of the 7 children. No correlation was present between percent normal growth and calorie or protein intake. Reduced somatomedin activity in children with end-stage renal disease appears to be due to a circulating uremic inhibitor(s). Somatomedin activity may be a useful in vitro test for adequacy of dialysis in children. Further efforts are necessary to identify the inhibitor(s) of somatomedin activity in uremia.


Nonpercutaneous transmission of hepatitis B to the families of hemodialysis patients. 1. Fifteen percent of the hemodialysis patients were carriers of HBsAg. 2. Thirty-one percent of the carriers' contacts had HBAb in their blood. 3. Spouse of carriers had a higher prevalence of positive HBAb than any other family contact. 4. Only 6 out of 17 patients transmitted the virus to their contacts. 5. None of the contacts of the staff, with history of hepatitis B, had evidence of hepatitis. 6. Contacts with positive HBAb had no evidence of active liver disease.


Effects of decreasing dialysate magnesium in patients with chronic renal failure.


Improved survival in older, sicker patients begun on maintenance hemodialysis.


Acetate levels in human plasma.

Acetate levels in human plasma. We have developed a gas liquid chromatographic assay for plasma acetate which detects 0.01 mM and has a standard deviation of less than 16% of the mean at 0.05 mM. The acetate concentration of venous blood obtained from normal subjects was 0.025 +/- 0.002 mM. The value was not significantly different from the venous acetate concentration of dialysis patients, prior to a dialysis treatment. The acetate concentration of arterial plasma obtained from dialysis patients prior to a hemodialysis treatment was 0.048 +/- 0.006 mM. This was significantly greater than the venous concentration of 0.027 +/- 0.002 (p less than 0.01). This arteriovenous difference suggests that acetate is utilized peripherally. At the onset of hemodialysis, acetate concentrations rapidly rose and, in all but one case, reached a steady state value in the range of 1.5-5.1 mM. At the termination of dialysis, acetate concentrations fell rapidly, usually achieving baseline values within one hr. The rate of decrease was not a simple logarithmic function, suggesting that acetate metabolism is not solely a first order function. Furthermore, acetate disappearance was more rapid in the dialysis patients than in the normal subjects. We wish to emphasize that the present data, which were obtained on a small number of subjects are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution.


Long-term minoxidil therapy in patients with refractory hypertension and renal disease. Minoxidil, an orally effective vasodilator, was successful in lowering blood pressure in 22 patients, followed up for up to 3 yrs, with hypertension refractory to medical management, including both antihypertensive drug combinations and ultrafiltration. In nondialysis patients renal function was preserved and in dialysis patients bilateral nephrectomy was avoided. Although sodium retention and reflex tachycardia were common, they were managed by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and diuresis with furosemide.


Anemia in dialysis patients - inevitable or correctable?


Studies on the mechanism of the anemia of renal insufficiency. 1. The present studies have demonstrated that the titers of erythropoietin may be elevated to varying degrees in patients with anemia associated with end-stage renal disease. However, the increase in erythropoietin titers was apparently not sufficient to meet the increase in demand for new red blood cells created by their shortened life span and the inhibitors of heme synthesis and/or erythroid colony forming cells (CFU-E). 2. Inhibitors of heme synthesis were demonstrated in the plasma of some but not all patients with anemia associated with renal disease and in rabbits 72 hrs following bilateral nephrectomy. 3. CFU-E were both increased and decreased in the bone marrows of the chronic anemic uremic rabbits, when compared with that of sham operated controls, 14 and 21 days after 5/6th nephrectomy and depended on the rate of regeneration of the renal erythropoietic and excretory functions. CFU-E in marrows of 5/6th nephrectomy rabbits were decreased after 35 days. 4. An inhibitor of CFU-E was increased in the sera from chronic anemic uremic rabbits, when compared with that of the sham-operated controls, 35 days after 5/6th nephrectomy. 5. It is possible that in the anemia of uremia in addition to inadequate production of erythropoietin there is a defect in the differentiation of the CFU-E into the heme synthesizing erythroid series due to the presence of a specific inhibitor of CFU-E and/or heme synthesis.


Peripheral nerve injuries from intramuscular injection of drugs. 17 patients who were treated at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital for peripheral nerve paralysis resulting from intramuscular injection of drugs are analyzed. Ten of them were below the age of 5 years. Sciatic nerve was affected in 16 patients and only one patient had median nerve paralysis. Penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, paraldehyde and optalgin were some of the offending drugs. The prognosis was poor as only three patients achieved a partial recovery of function in the paralyzed nerves. With determination and public education, this iatrogenic tragedy could be eradicated.


The renal escape from the sodium retaining effect of mineralocorticoids in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effects of mineralocorticoids on urine and electrolyte excretion were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats of Okamoto-Aoki strain and in normotensive white albino wistar strain rats. Sodium excretion fell from 0.568 meq/day to 0.336 meq/day a reduction of 40%, on the 4th day of steroid administration in the SH rats whilst a 30% reduction was observed on the 6th day in normotensive rats whilst urine volumes were not significantly altered in both groups. Similarly, the phase of acute sodium retention was reversed (renal escape) earlier in the SH rats on the 7th experimental day when further administration of mineralocorticoids resulted in a two-fold increased in sodium excretion. Urine volumes were significantly increased during this phase. The pattern of response in SH rats differ significantly in time and magnitude from the normotensive controls. As the renal escape phenomenon is linked with extracellular volume regulation these results highlight the exaggerated sensitivity to increases in blood volume associated with genetic spontaneous hypertension.


Biological assay of Cassia podocarpa: a plant related to senna. Leaves of the plant, Cassia podocarpa, were collected from Opah village near Accra, and dried. A suspension of the powdered leaf was given by gavage to groups of ten mice. A record was kept of the number of wet faeces passed in 24 hours. There was a linear relationship between the log dose of leaf and the number of wet faeces. The effect was maximal between 6 and 24 hours of administration and was larger than has been noted with senna.


Biochemical studies of acetylcholine esterase inhibitor present in Eugenia caryophyllus. Water, saline and ethanol extracts of Eugenia caryophyllus inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Inhibitory action of the saline extract was greater than that of other extracts. The most active fraction of the saline extract obtained by chromatography through Sephadex G25 and DEAE cellulose columns and elution with tris and phosphate buffers (pH. 7.1) exhibited reactions characteristic of phenols, amino compounds and uronic acid. It is, therefore, suggested that the active inhibitor is a complex glycoside containing phenol and uronic acid part structure.


Metabolic activities and chemotherapy of Schistosoma mansoni.


Nivaquine and urethral pain.

Nivaquine and urethral pain. Two patients, one Jewish and the other Nigerian, were investigated for pain in the urethra. They were both fully treated along the usual lines without any change in the pain. The Jewish patient was later found to be sensitive to chloroquine. When ingestion of this drug was discontinued, his urethral pain disappeared after about four months. The Nigerian patient was advised along the same lines when it was found that he too took chloroquine for malarial attacks regularly. He had total symptomatic relief. The probable relationship between chloroquine and urethral pain is discussed.