Clinical investigation of measuring working lengths of root canals with an electronic device and with digital-tactile sense.


Objective quantification method for measuring in vivo accumulated dental plaque. Dental plaque was collected, dried, and weighed on a gold insert that fit into the buccal aspect of a posterior crown. The plaque weight was determined by calculating the difference between the postcollection insert weight and the precollection insert weight. This system for measurement of the dry weight of in vivo accumulated dental plaque was found to be a practical means of plaque quantification.


Pathways for glucose metabolism in the rat gingiva: II. In vitro studies of the fate of glucose-UL-14C.


Elasticity of impression materials: IV. Permanent deformation as a function of time. The permanent deformation-time relationship under constant load, of 15 elastomer impression materials were studied. All materials showed a greater permanent deformation under constant load than with tensile load, except the polyether material. Silicone and polyether materials exhibited perceptibly less permanent deformation than mercaptan materials ten minutes after mixing.


Myofunctional therapy for tongue-thrusting: background and recommendations.


Effect of nontoxic doses of F and Sn salts on rat liver metabolism in vivo.


Inhibition of gram-negative rods in transport and holding medium.


Sexual dimorphism in the rat submandibular gland.


Six generations of hereditary opalescent dentin: report of case.


Denial, anxiety, locus of control, and the discrepancy between aspirations and achievements as components of depression.


Seeing oral health patients in groups.

Seeing oral health patients in groups.


The presence of cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid: glycoprotein sialyltransferase in human saliva.


Revised American Dental Association specification no. 23 for dental excavating burs.


Dry socket and dysglycemia.

Dry socket and dysglycemia.


Technique for studing the dynamics of oral mucosal permeability in vitro.


Assessment of microleakage using a conductimetric technique. A new method enables the dimensional changes of a range of anterior restorative materials to be demonstrated in an artificial cavity. The cavity wall-restoration interspace was incorporated into an electrochemical cell and the changes in the current passing through this cell reflected changes in the dimensions of the interspace.


Surface-chemical studies on chlorhexidine and related compounds: II. Interactions with monomolecular-film systems. Interactions of chlorhexidine and structurally related biguanides with selected monomolecular-film systems (that is, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, and N-octadecylacetamide) were explored. The data reflected the significance of ionic associations between the compounds and stearic acid films and, in the instance of the biguanide analogs, indicated that the length of the alkyl chain was an important factor in the penetration process.


The future of prevention: in private practices or schools?


A simple method for estimating viable filamentous bacteria in plaque.


Clinical correlation of hepatic flow studies. In 100 consecutive hepatic flow studies, 84 were read as negative. Of these, 73 (87%) also had negative static images. Knowing the nature of the primary tumor did not definitively aid in predicting whether hepatic meastases would have detectable early flow. Five cases showed early flow without defects seen in the static images. Three of these were probably related to lymphomas or allied disorders with altered flow. Two cases were in individuals with gastric carcinoma who had abdoninal radiation. One extrahepatic tumor was detected in the series.


Evidence that 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyl tryptamine is a specific substrate for MAO-A in the rat: implications for the indoleamine dependent behavioural syndrome.


Surface-chemical studies on chlorhexidine and related compounds: I. Effects at air-water, n-hexane-water, and hydroxyapatite-water interfaces. The comparative ability of chlorhexidine diacetate and structurally related compounds to generate surface pressure at air-water and n-hexane-water interfaces, and to adsorb to hydroxyapatite, was determined. The order of effectiveness generally evident was 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-n-octylbiguanide acetate is greater than chlorhexidine diacetate 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-n-hexylbiguanide acetate is greater than 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-n-propylbiguanide acetate is greater than p-chlorophenylbiguanide acetate p-chlorophenylguanidine acetate.


A scanning electron microscope study of experimental periodontal disease. Its induction and inhibition.


Marked improvement in occlusion noted after correction of deviate swallow.


Role of afferent sensors in the initiation of swallowing in man. Chewing and swallowing sounds that were recorded on magnetic tape by means of a paralaryngeally placed contact microphone were used to evaluate temporal relationships of the events of the swallowing cycle in young women. Temporal inter-event parameters indicate a reflex nature for the initiation of swallowing, and the effects of topical anesthesia suggest a triggering mechanism for swallowing similar to the gating theory for pain proposed by Melzack and Wall.


Potential applications of certain nickel-titanium (nitinol) alloys. The mechanical behavior ("shape memory") associated with martensitic solid-state transformation in nearly equiatomic Ni-Ti alloy (55-Nitinol) has been studied. Potential dental and medical applications for 55-Nitinol (55% Ni, 1.5% Co, balance Ti, by weight) and for 60-Nitinol (60% Ni, by weight) have been suggested.


An inhibitory principle in the matrix of periodontally diseased roots. The inhibitory influence shown by the periodontally diseased root resides in its organic component. Its nature is uncertain and it may be an etiologic factor in periodontal destruction. The apatite structures of healthy and diseased roots are alike in being more receptive to the growth of bone and marrow than are their respective matrices.


Histological evaluation of effects produced in alveolar bone following gingival incision with an electrosurgical scalpel. Gingival incisions were performed distal to each of the two lower incisors on 25 adult male guinea pigs. For every animal, electrosection with an electrosurgical scalpel was used on one side, and a conventional scalpel was used on the other. The surgical instruments in all cases were brought into direct contact with periosteum. Five animals were sacrificed at each postoperative period (12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours), and sections of the areas of surgery were prepared by standard laboratory procedures. At 12 hours postoperatively there were far more soft tissue necrosis, a more extensive inflammatory reaction, and greater destruction of periosteum after electrosurgery. No significant changes in osteocyte viability were seen after either technique. However, by 24 hours, many empty lacunae were observed in the bone associated with electrosurgery, such necrosis being even more extensive by 48 hours. In contrast, only very minor, localised areas devoid of some osteocytes were seen after use of the conventional scalpel. By 96 hours the electrosurgical connective tissue wounds were still lined by coagulum, but repair of the scalpel wounds had begun. The periosteum and bone had the same features that were seen at 48 hours. Throughout the study, no increase in osteoclasts was seen in any section, nor were significant changes in adjacent bone marrow observed.


Dentifrice detergent: its effect on human enamel. A scanning and transmission electron microscope study has shown that human enamel specimens treated with a mild detergent solution exhibit etching of the enamel surface. The tooth surfaces subsequently show a greater susceptibility to the acid attack than samples treated with mineral acid alone. The evidence suggests that reevaluation of sodium dodecyl sulfate and similar detergents as components of commercially available dentifrice products may be necessary.


Observation of the mitochondria of the sulcular epithelium of clinically inflamed and clinically healthy gingiva. Ten human males with an average age of 22 years, free from any known systemic disease, were selected for this study. Each subject had a mild gingivitis around at least one lower incisor tooth. This was confirmed by the color, contour, and consistency of the tissue. The area was probed for gingival sulcus depth and a radiograph confirmed that there was no interproximal bone involvement. A specimen was excised from the inflamed area and examined histologically for inflammatory cell density and an inflammatory index number was assigned to the tissue. The gingivitis was treated and personal oral hygiene instructions were explained to the subjects. Healing continued uneventfully for ten to twelve weeks. A second specimen was excised from near the original area, examined histologically, and an inflammatory index number was assigned to the tissue. The ultrastructure of the sulcular epithelium and the connective tissue adjacent to the sulcular epithelium of all specimens was examined at powers varying from 3,500 to 70,000. The sulcular epithelium showed no positively recognizable mitochondria. Mitochondria in the connective tissue adjacent to the basal layer of the sulcular epithelium were abundant and well formed. There was no correlation between the number and morphology of mitochondria in the treated and untreated specimens.


Structure localization with the panorex.


The effects of age and fluoride exposure on fluoride, citrate and carbonate content of human cementum. A study was conducted to determine the values of several chemical components of dental cementum. Extracted teeth from continuous residents of low, optimal, and high natural fluoride areas were selected to determine the effects of fluoride exposure and age on the fluoride, citrate and carbonate content of cervical and apical areas of sound and periodontally diseased human cementum. 1. For normal cementum the mean fluoride content of all 18 groups was 0.443 plus or minus 0.04%on an ash basis and 0.253 plus or minus 0.02% on a dry weight basis; the mean citrate content was 1.52 plus or minus 0.10% on an ash basis and 0.86 plus or minus 0.06% on a dry weight basis; the mean carbonate content was 4.95 plus or minus 0.39% on an ash basis and 2.79 plus or minus 0.22% on a dry weight basis. 2. For diseased cementum the mean fluoride content of all 12 groups was 0.575 plus or minus 0.03% on an ash basis and 0.342 plus or minus 0.02% on a dry weight basis; the mean citrate content was 1.19 plus or minus 0.07% on an ash basis and 0.71 plus or minus 0.05% on a dry weight basis; the mean carbonate content was 5.95 plus or minus 0.47% on an ash basis and 3.50 plus or minus 0.28% on a dry weight basis. 3. There is a general increment in fluoride content of normal cervical and apical cementum, both with age and fluoride exposure. For diseased cementum this held true for fluoride exposure but not age. 4. The mean fluoride content of cervical cementum is greater than that of apical cementum for both normal and diseased groups. For citrate and carbonate no definite statistical differences were noted between cervical and apical areas. 5. The diseased cementum has a significantly higher mean fluoride content, a significantly lower citrate content, and a slightly, but not statistically significant, higher carbonate content than normal cementum. 6. Unlike bone, no inverse fluoride/citrate or fluoride/carbonate relationship was observed. 7. For both normal and diseased groups the carbonate content of cementum of individuals over age 40 tended to be lower than for individuals 20-40 years of age.


Objective evaluation in clinical oral diagnosis.


Interproximal contact and marginal ridge relationships in periodontally healthy young males classified as to orthodontic status. Three groups of periodontally healthy young males, classified as to orthodontic status, were evaluated for proximal contact and marginal ridge relationships in the maxillary left quadrant. The majority of anterior teeth did not have satisfactory proximal contacts on both the mesial and distal aspects. Open or defective proximal contact relationships were common in all three orthodontic groupings. In posterior areas, the orthodontically treated group had the highest percentage of open contacts. The orthodontically treated group had a significantly higher percentage of even marginal ridges in the teeth that are customarily banded.


What has the AMA done for you lately?

What has the AMA done for you lately?


Monostotic fibrous dysplasia. Report of a case.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia terminating as histiocytic medullary reticulosis. A young man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was treated with vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and intrathecally injected methotrexate sodium for central nervous system involvement. A good remission was induced, but three months later he had hepatosplenomegaly, an enlarging mediastinal mass, and progressive anemia. Histiocytic medullary reticulosis was confirmed by a bone marrow biopsy specimen. The patient died of respiratory failure because of infiltration of the lungs by malignant histiocytes.


Significance of external light source in diagnosis by fiber optics.


Letter: Relapses in children with ALL off treatment.


Extreme elevation of serum transcobalamin I in patients with metastatic cancer. Elevation of transcobalamin I and serum vitamin B12 levels has usually been associated with increased granulocytic proliferation, such as occurs in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Two patients with metastatic cancer had extremely high serum vitamin B12 and transcobalamin I levels--greater than those seen in even the most intense granulocytic proliferation--that were not explainable by leukocytosis. The subjects' serum vitamin B12 levels were 18,750 and 21,221 pg per milliliter (normal, 471 plus or minus 174 pg per milliliter, mean plus or minus S.D.) and unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity 158,750 and 5,400 pg per milliliter (normal, 1153 plus or minus 313 pg per milliliter) respectively. The abnormally elevated serum binder was shown to be identical with transcobalamin balamin I in every respect. Levels of transcobalamin II and serum third binder were normal. The cause of the binder abnormality is unknown, but factors other than granulocyte proliferation may control or contribute to the production or accumulation of transcobalamin I.


Guidelines for advanced education in oral medicine. Part I. Advanced education in oral medicine hospital based dental residency (Mazzeo). Part II. Advanced education in oral medicine university based, hospital supported (Chasens).


Changed surface glycoprotein as a marker of malignancy in human leukaemic cells.


Extractions in the presence of acute infections. Of 1,376 extractions performed in the presence of acute infection, 327 were performed in the presence of a coexisting fascial space abscess. No serious complications were observed. It seems that the relation of dental operations to the intracranial infections has been overestimated. The extraction of teeth in cases of acute suppurative infection treats the primary dentoalveolar infection and prevents the development of fascial space abscesses.


Dielectric properties of polycarboxylate cements.


Bronchial carcinoid tumors and bone metastases.


Patient's bedside; importance of lingering awhile longer.


Hospital governing board and medical staff relationships.


Letter: Remission of sarcoid.

Letter: Remission of sarcoid.


Prescription versus cheapest drug substitution.


Bleeding peptic ulcer.

Bleeding peptic ulcer.


Single dose, long duration, subcutaneous drug administration.


Parasitologic investigations in gastroenterologic practice.


Emergency medical services in New York City; Are they sufficient?


Fiberoptic thoracoscopy.

Fiberoptic thoracoscopy.


New gastroplasty for strictured short esophagus.


Ulnar nerve entrapment after anterior transposition at elbow.


Correlation Conferences in Radiology and Pathology: Chronic hip pain.


Purpura--a review.

Purpura--a review.


Radial head subluxation in adolescence.

Radial head subluxation in adolescence.


Primary cartilaginous laryngeal neoplasm.


Spastic craniofacial syndrome precipitated by diuretics.


Codeine and glutethimide; euphoretic, addicting combination.


Letter: Fluoridation: ref. "N.Y.J. of D." Oct. 1974--a selective method.


Dentistry and the New York City Hospital affiliations.


Public education. The preventive concept in orthodontics.


President's address. The name of the game is "Politics".


Editorial: Reciprocity--the path to national licensure.


Letter: Correspondence forum.

Letter: Correspondence forum.


Letter: Critique of wire gird use.

Letter: Critique of wire gird use.


Playing russian roulette with dental school admissions.


Rating your malpractice insurance policy.


Letter: Radiation thrift needed.

Letter: Radiation thrift needed.


Endodontic treatment of a three-rooted maxillary first premolar. Case report.


Development of an oral cancer detection program in a hospital.


Maldistribution of dental practices in Manhattan (New York County). The Washington Heights area.


Bilateral submandibular cellulitis. A case report.


Delayed hypersensitivity reaction at metastatic tumor sites.


The management of leukaemia and allied disorders.


Neisseria catarrhalis septicaemia in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. A case of septicaemia due to Neisseria catarrhalis occurring in an immunosuppressed individual is described. The clinical syndrome closely resembled that of N. meningitidis septicaemia. The potential pathogenicity in the immunosuppressed patient, of organisms usually considered harmless is stressed.


Tests for predicting essential hypertension.


Burkitt's lymphoma.

Burkitt's lymphoma.


Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (Retrospective study of thirty cases at West Virginia University Medical Center).


A challenge to the health care industry.


Ophthalmic aspects of cellulitis (case report).


Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition.


The child with leukemia in the classroom.


Aneurysmal bone cyst secondary to other osseous lesions. Report of 57 cases. Fifty-seven aneurysmal bone cysts which were associated with or secondary to other lesions of bone are reported. The most common associations were with solitary or unicameral bone cyst, and with osteoclastoma. Other associated lesions included osteosarcoma, nonosteogenic fibroma, osteoblastoma, hemangioendothelioma, and hemangioma of bone. Five aneurysmal bone cysts were secondary to fracture or other bone trauma.


CPR: current practice revised.

CPR: current practice revised.


Behavior modification for terminally ill patients.


Population genetics and hemophilia--implications of mutation and carrier recognition.


Approaches to genetic counseling.

Approaches to genetic counseling.


Lyonization in hemophilia: a cause of error in direct detection of heterozygous carriers.


Recent advances in hemophilia. Part III. Our lipid tissue. Chairman's introductory remarks.


The hemophiliac's demand on blood resources: the magnitude of the problem.


Recent advances in hemophilia. Part III. Discussion paper: Personal experience.


Factor VIII concentrate available for treatment of classical hemophilia.


Delivery of health care in hemophilia.

Delivery of health care in hemophilia. Data on 56 severe and 16 moderate hemophiliacs who were intensively trained in self-therapy and have completed one to five years on this program reveal several principles not emphasized by prior reports. (1) The immediate application of therapy for suspected hemarthrosis, before the appearance of physical signs, leads not only to a striking decrease in morbidity but to a slight decrease in the quantity of plasma products required. (2) Dollar costs of this method of health care delivery are considerably lower than other effective methods and now average $3500 per patient per year, in our hands. (3) Intensive education and training of patients and family members makes lay persons extremely valuable members of the health care team and produces occasional dramatic health benefits. (4) Progression of long-term problems such as hemarthrosis, formerly found in 90% of our group, still exists for 19%. (5) The failure rate is highest in the older hemophiliacs. (6) Periods of several months of prophylactic therapy have a limited but valuable role in selected cases. (7) Mechanisms for mandatory periodic comprehensive health evaluation mjst be a part of every home infusion program, in order that the inevitable failures can be detected and appropriate corrective measures instituted.


Recent advances in hemophilia. Part III. Discussion paper: The Red Cross program.


Recent advances in hemophilia. Part III. Discussion paper: Other points on the problem of blood resources.


Psychological factors in hemophilia--the concept of self care.


A boarding school for hemophiliacs: a model for the comprehensive care of hemophilic children. Ten years' experience with boarding schools as comprehensive-care centers for hemophiliacs created by the French Red Cross has documented their effectiveness. Far from implying that hemophilic patients should be permanently isolated from society, we think that a temporary stay in a boarding school provides a model for the comprehensive care of hemophilic children. These schools have become hemophilia care centers where, on a temporary basis, patients can receive proper instruction concerning the medical, psychological, and educational problems they will encounter in society at large. At the present time, most hemophiliacs are properly treated at home, but selected cases of patients with specific problems can certainly benefit from a stay in a boarding school. Psychological studies presented here emphasized the high frequency of disturbances in patients coming from a low economic lass. One of the most important factors determining the psychological adjustment of hemophilic children seems to be understanding of the disease by the family. The cultural level of the family also influences the education and the medical care of these children. A temporary stay in a boarding school permits at least partial resolution of such problems both on a short-term and a long-term basis. During the stay, a great effort must be made to improve the local medical situation and the involvement of the parents in the problems of hemophilia. It has been shown that adolescents have greatly benefited from a self-infusion training program from both a medical and a psychological point of view. The boarding school seems to be the best means of organizing a program that requires a solid framework, psychological support, and a great amount of time. This training may be achieved in a three- to six-month period, depending on the motivations and the psychological ability of the hemophiliac. Self-infusion is a powerful tool able to transform the situation of these adolescents from one of dependence to one of autonomy and to enable them to adjust to society.


Disadvantages of home treatment.

Disadvantages of home treatment.


Newer approaches to dental therapy.

Newer approaches to dental therapy.


New advances in hemophilia. Part V. New approaches to dentistry. Cochairmen's introductory remarks.


Discussion paper on "Practical methods of dental care for hemophiliacs".


Biochemical and physiological aspects of degenerative joint diseases with special reference to hemophilic arthropathy.


New horizons in reconstructive joint surgery.


Synovectomy.

Synovectomy.


Characterizing the hemophilic pseudotumor.


Rehabilitation and nonsurgical management of musculoskeletal problems in the hemophilic patient.


Hemarthrosis.

Hemarthrosis.


Recent advances in hemophilia. Part V. Discussion paper: Degenerative joint disease.


Clinical approach to molecular biology of factor VIII: heterogeneity of the molecule.


Orthotic management in hemophilia.

Orthotic management in hemophilia.


Use of animal AHG concentrates (factor VIII) in the treatment of life-threatening hemorrhage in patients with factor VIII antibodies.


Treatment of the hemophiliac with anti-VIII.


Treatment of hemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor.


Hemophilia: acquired modifications of the genetic disorder.


Epilogue--hemophilia in 1974: theory and practice.


Preliminary trial of cyclophosphamide in the management of hemophiliacs with factor VIII inhibitors.


Chairman's Introductory remarks.

Chairman's Introductory remarks.


Factor VIII.

Factor VIII.


Factor VIII subunits.

Factor VIII subunits.


Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase in human leukemia.


The president's new year message.

The president's new year message.


Multiple myeloma and acute leukemia associated with alkylating agents. Rapidly fatal acute myelomonocytic leukemia developed in five patients with multiple myeloma who were treated with melphalan for 28 to 54 months. In each patient, multiple myeloma responded to therapy and progress was satisfactory until the development of acute leukemia. At postmortem examination, leukemic infiltration of organs was seen, and there was little or no evidence of myeloma. Consideration of these cases and a review of the literature suggest that these circumstances represent the development of acute myelomonocytic leukemia rather than plasma cell leukemia; there also appears to be an increased incidence of acute leukemia in multiple myeloma, probably related to the alkylating agent.


Letter: Observations on caries statistics.


Periapical cemental dysplasia resembling apical granulomata and radicular cysts.


Porosity in dental ceramics.

Porosity in dental ceramics.


Letter: How best to brush?

Letter: How best to brush?


Editorial: A touch of colour.

Editorial: A touch of colour.


Letter: '... you cannot make him drink'.


Letter: Fundamental nature of a dental school?


Letter: The medical register and dental practice.


Letter: 'Patterns of dental practice of british general dental practitioners'.


Letter: Antibiotic prophylaxis and infective endocarditis.


Enamel mottling in a fluoride and in a non-fluoride community. A study.


Letter: 'An unnecessary hazard in dentistry'.


The circumoral musculature: structure and function.


Review body on doctors' and dentists' remuneration: supplement to fourth report 1974.


Ameloblastoma of the maxilla. A report of two cases.


Tenth memorandum to the review body. Presented by the British Dental Association, September, 1974.


Decision making in dentistry.

Decision making in dentistry.


Allergic reaction to lignocaine. A case report.


Editorial: A special case.

Editorial: A special case.


Editorial: An annual conference in Torquay.


Letter: Endodontic pressure syringe.

Letter: Endodontic pressure syringe.


Letter: 'The prevention of transmission of serum hepatitis in dentistry'.


Retention of a fissure sealant six months after application.


Editorial: Committees.

Editorial: Committees.


Letter: Observations on caries statistics.


Letter: Hypocapnia and dental anaesthesia.


Circulating levels of lignocaine after peri-oral injections.


Letter: Fundamental nature of a dental school?


Letter: Local analgesia of maxillary first molars.


Fixation of facial fractures. Current concepts.


Children's dental health in England and Wales 1973. A review.


A variation in subperiosteal implant design. A case report.


Surgical sterilization by vasectomy and its effects on the structure and function of the testis in man. The early and late effects of vasectomy have been investigated in 40 men. Besides histopathological examination, the volume of the testis and its total content of testosterone-screting Leydig cells have been measured. The volume of the testis showed a wide normal variation (5-3-23-3 ml) but was not significantly changed by vasectomy. One month after vasectomy widespread degeneration of the germinal epithelium, thickening of the basement membrane and some intertubular fibrosis were observed. Spermatogenesis had ceased. However, cases examined 2-31/2 years later showed an essentially normal structure with active spermatogenesis. This indicates that regeneration does occur spontaneously, even without recanalization. Whether the sperms formed are functionally normal remains uncertain. The normal total Leydig cell volume was 2-2 plus or minus 0-4 ml/testis in young adults and showed a modest increase after vasectomy, rising to 2-5 plus or minus 0-5 ml after 1 month and 2-6 plus or minus 0-5 ml after 2-31/2 years. The findings have been discussed in the light of Steinach's (1927) original hypothesis that vasectomy can rejuvenate ageing males by improving the endocrine function of the testis.


In vitro colony-forming characteristics of chronic granulocytic leukemia in childhood. Peripheral blood from a child with adult-type (Philadelphia chromosome positive) chronic granulocytic leukemia was found to contain large numbers of cells capable of colony formation in tissue culture. The majority of the colonies contained granulocytic cells. The source of these granulocytic colonies was found in a population of myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes which could be separated from the more mature granulocytic cells of the peripheral blood by sedimentation of the buffy coat on Ficoll-Hypaque. The predominance of granulocytic colonies is in contrast to our observations previously made on the peripheral blood of children with "juvenile" type(Ph1 chromosome negative)CGL in which large numbers of exclusively monocytic colonies were produced in tissue culture. These current studies, when interpreted in light of relevant clinical data, suggest that the "juvenile" and "adult" types of CGL represent two very different forms of chronic leukemia in childhood. The Ph1 chromosome negative form may be classified as a monocytic leukemia with a granulocytic component but the Ph1 chromosome positive adult form, even when it occurs in a child, appears to be a true granulocytic leukemia.


Chronic granulocytic leukaemia: effect of elective splenectomy on the course of disease. Conventional treatment by drugs or irradiation produces little prolongation of life in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) because the onset of metamorphosis of the disease from a chronic to an acute or subacute leukaemic process is not substantially postponed. Isolated clinical observations as well as both cytogenetic and cytokinetic evidence suggest that the spleen may play a special though not exclusive role in the development of undifferentiated cell clones which lead to metamorphosis of C.G.L. The results of a study of elective splenectomy during the chronic phase of the disease are reported. Twenty-six patients with C.G.L. underwent splenectomy during clinical remission of their disease, and there were no deaths after the operation. Twenty-one patients were alive at the time of writing, two of them eight years after splenectomy. Five cases of metamorphosis of C.G.L. to a refractory phase occurred whereas 10 would have been expected, a significant difference. After the onset of metamorphosis the quality of life was better in splenectomized than in non-splenectomized patients. These results show that splenectomy is a reasonable and safe procedure in C.G.L., and its apparently beneficial effects on prognosis justify a larger controlled clinical trial.


Serum ferritin in acute leukaemia at presentation and during remission. In patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia the mean serum ferritin concentration showed a twenty-five-fold increase compared with normal people, and in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) there was a thirteen-fold increase. The high concentration of circulating ferritin seemed to be related to increased synthesis by leukaemic cells. The return of serum concentrations to normal in A.L.L. patients after successful chemotherapy suggested that ferritin concentration may be a useful index of active disease and may help in prognosis.


Disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy: a complication of treated central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma. This report describes a form of disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy that has been observed in four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one child with Burkitt's lymphoma terminating in a leukemic phase. In addition to systemic vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, and steroids, these patients received courses of intrathecal methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and hydrocortisone, because of meningeal tumor cell infiltration. Whole brain radiation was also given either before or during intrathecal therapy. Three of the children had a progressive irreversible neurologic illness, which developed either at or shortly after the completion of combined triple intrathecal therapy, death ensuing approximately 2 months later. The neuropathologic lesions consisted of discrete multifocal necroses of coagulative type, apparently extending by confluence, and disseminated in the cerebral white matter in a random manner. In one case, extensive symmetrical demyelinating and necrotizing lesions involved the centrum ovale bilaterally. There was a remarkable absence of inflammatory cellular response and a relative paucity of macrophage reaction, with usually little or no tissue breakdown. In addition to demyelination and glial cell loss, there was striking axonal damage, with conspicuous axonal swelling both within and around the necrotizing lesions. The surrounding white matter showed focal status spongiosus and a moderate astrocytic response. Vascular fibrinoid necrosis was inconstant and, except in one case, rarely observed. The possible causal relationship of these lesions to combined triple intrathecal antimetabolite therapy and brain radiation is discussed.


Amphetamine: possible site and mode of action for producing anorexia in the rat.


Fibrinogen survival and fibrinolysis in acute leukemia. Fibrinogen survival using 125I-labelled homologous fibrinogen was studied in 17 adults with acute leukemia. Five patients in complete remission had normal fibrinogen survival and turnover rate. Five of 6 patients undergoing induction therapy and 4 of 6 in relapse had shortened fibrinogen survival; the turnover rate was increased in all 12 patients. Nine of 12 patients with active disease had elevated levels of fibrinogen degradation products in the serum. Serial coagulation studies did not support the diagnosis of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. There was no correlation between the morphological type of leukemia, chemotherapy, the presence of fever and sepsis, or liver dysfunction and fibrinogen survival. Other possible causes of the accelerated fibrinogen turnover in patients with active disease are discussed.


Management of the acute abdomen in children with leukemia. With the increase in remission and survival in children with acute leukemia, the complication of acute abdomen has become increasingly important in the total care of these children. A total of 286 children with acute leukemia was treated at Memorial Hospital between 1966 and 1971. Sixteen or 5.6% of these children developed an acute abdomen during the course of their disease. During the same period, many other children developed symptoms and signs mimicking an acute abdomen. Of the 9 children treated surgically, 5 were long-term survivors. Two children treated conservatively died, and 5 patients were diagnosed at autopsy. Prognosis was better in those patients in remission at the time of surgery, and where remission was maintained by immediately restarting antileukemic chemotherapy. A more aggressive surgical approach to the acute abdomen, combined with careful supportive measures, is further adding to the numbers of long-term survivors in childhood leukemia.


Intracerebral calcifications appearing during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with methotrexate and X-rays. The authors present the case of a child aged 7 years who suffered from relapsing acute lymphocytic leukemia. Treatment consisting mainly of oral and intrathecal methotrexate and x-ray therapy produced remission of the hematologic symptoms. Three years after the onset of the leukemia, mental deterioration gradually appeared. Radiography of the skull revealed diffuse bilateral calcium deposits in both cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Four years after the onset of the disease, a hematologic relapse occurred. Behavioral disorders became more severe and the child died after a period of seizures and unconsciousness. The main pathologic data obtained by the study of a brain biopsy and after a complete postmortem examination consisted of calcifications located bilaterally in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. No signs of leukemia were present. Cerebral calcification is an extremely rare complication in the course of the therapy of lymphocytic leukemia. Its possible causes are discussed.


Primary fibrosarcoma of bone. A clinicopathologic study of 130 patients. One hundred thirty patients with histologically verified primary fibrosarcoma of bone, unassociated with any pre-existent benign bone condition, were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1918 and 1973. This series of cases represents approximately 5% of primary malignant bone tumors treated in our institution. Eighty-nine of the lesions were medullary or central in location, and 41 were periosteal or peripheral. There was a nearly equal sex distribution, and a mean age of 38 years ranging from 4 to 83 years. This lesion exhibited a strong predilection for long bones, with the most common location being the femur (43 cases), humerus (16 cases), and tibia (12 cases). In 19 instances, bones of the head and neck area were the primary sites. The roentgenographic differential diagnoses included osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor, metastatic carcinoma, or solitary plasma cell myeloma. Major ablative surgery was the primary method of therapy. Amputation was performed, yielding the best curative results in high-grade tumors, while radical local excision sufficed for most low-grade periosteal fibrosarcomas. Thirty-four percent of the patients survived 5 years (27% medullary and 52% periosteal), while 28% were alive after 10 years (20% medullary and 48% periosteal). These survival rates provide further evidence that fibrosarcoma of bone is a distinct clinicopathologic entity and not a variant of osteosarcoma, which carries a much poorer 5-year survival rate of approximately 17%.


Sequential therapy for induction and maintenance of remission in acute myeloblastic leukemia. A total of 114 previously untreated patients with myeloblastic leukemia was included in a sequential therapy protocol. Daunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone were employed for the first 3 weeks, followed by two or more 5-day courses of cytosine arabinoside and 6-mercaptopurine; there was a 5-day rest between courses. Maintenance therapy was as follows: the continuing 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate treatment was interrupted every 30 days for sequential reinforcement courses consisting of one dose of daunorubicin and vincristine and 7 days of prednisone, or by a 5-day course of cytosine arabinoside plus 6-mercaptopurine. Of the 114 patients, 48 obtained complete remission, 14 had partial remission, 16 failed to respond, and 36 died during the course of treatment. The remission rate in children (under 16) was 57%; in adults (16-45) 54%; and in those over 45, 19%. The difference in the incidence of complete remission in patients under 45 and those over 45 was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The median duration of complete remission was 8 months: 12 months in children and 5 months in adults. The over-all survival rate was 4 months: 13 months for patients with complete remission, 4 months for those with partial remission, and 1 month for patients who did not respond to therapy. The difference in survival of those with complete remission and all the others was significant (p less than 0.01).


Meningeal leukemia after blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. In two patients with blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia complete remission was induced, but meningeal leukemia subsequently developed. The recognition of blast cell crisis as the presenting feature of chronic myeloid leukemia is discussed, together with treatment of this condition and its rare complication, meningeal leukemia. The development of meningeal leukemia in this disease is almost certainly due to the increased survival that has been produced by advances in therapy for blastic transformation.


The two faces of cholesterol.

The two faces of cholesterol.


Miniclinic. A new concept for the manipulation of amalgam alloy.


The treatment of acute childhood leukemia: predictions for the future based on extrapolations from  the past. Further progress in the treatment of acute leukemia involves a careful assessment of host and disease factors in each child and the selection of a therapeutic regimen which interacts with these factors to provide the maximum chance for survival. For some children, this therapy can be carried out in the community by expertly trained hematologist-oncologists; for others, the best treatment will involve clinical research at a center. Such a general approach has the best chance of fulfilling the optimistic survival projections made by the President's Cancer Panel in 1973 for acute lymphocytic leukemia.


Fiberscopic methods for assessment of velopharyngeal closure during various activities. Fiberscope NPF, developed to observe velopharyngeal movements easily, enables a direct visualization of the soft palate, lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls under the physiological conditions. It is most useful for the diagnosis of velopharyngeal inadequacy. It is very important that a patient himself can observe velopharyngeal movements through the eyepiece of the fiberscope in order to do self exercise.


Acoustic features of pharyngeal /s/ fricatives produced by speakers with cleft palate. Acoustic features of pharyngeal /s/ substitutions spoken by persons with cleft palate were measured using digital computer processing and analysis techniques. Average short-time spectral characteristics of pharyngeal /s/ sounds produced by four speakers with cleft palate were compared with spectral features of normally gestured /s/ sounds spoken by two normal speakers. The output spectral characterized by a set of distinctive acoustic properties that differed markedly from normal /s/ sounds gestured in the front of the mouth. One consistent feature of pharyngeal /s/'s was the presence of multiple spectral maxima. Pharyngealization of /s/ consonants gave rise to spectral outputs with energy maxima appropriate to high F1 values which were relatively close to F2, as well as to relatively strong, low frequency excitation of F2 speakers with cleft palate were, in general, comparable to those of /h/ fricatives spoken by speakers of Arabic.


Growth and changes in maxillary arch form in complete unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate children. This study aims at the comparison of growth changes of the maxillary arch of 62 normals and 87 complete unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate subjects. This is achieved by measuring their maxillo-facial models, which will aid in clarifying such questions as: when and where the maxillary growth inhibition will occur, and the several aspects of growth-change. Patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate were classified into four stages: 1) six month old infants before lip and palatal closure; 2) two year old children, lip repair at six months of age; 3) three year old children, lip repair at six months and palatal closure at two years; 4) four year old children, with repairs as in stage 3. Normal subjects were also classified into four stages, to match the cleft group by age and body weight. Impressions were taken for each patient's upper jaw and upper face simultaneously under general anesthesia, and the maxillo-facial model was made. Results obtained were as follows: (1) In the normal group, the forward and downward growth of the anterior alveolar region increased considerably between stages 1 and 2 and stages 3 and 4. The growth of the anterior alveolar arch was slight during all four stages. The depth and width of the retromolar point increased gradually through all four stages, and measured the growth of the posterior alveolar region. (2) In the cleft group: at stage 1 the anterior end of the larger segment was protruded and both the larger and smaller segments, especially in the anterior region, were laterally dislocated. The height of the anterior alveolar region was found to be noticeably less than that of the normal group. At stage 2 the growth inhibition in depth and height was noted in all the alveolar points of the cleft group, especially in the anterior alveolar region, in comparison to the normal group. At stage 3 the depths in all alveolar points decreased, but no significant difference was found when compared to stage 2. However, the increase in heights was marked. At stage 4 the depths and heights of alveolar points in the cleft group were found to be smaller than those of the normal group.


Structural goals in craniofacial surgery. Major craniofacial abnormalities can be considered as a group for purposes of operative planning. Known normal relations define what is abnormal and indicate goals to be achieved with the craniofacial operative procedures. The principle syndromes with significant facial structural changes amenable to such surgical corrective procedures are craniofacial stenoses, hypertelorism, mandibulofacial dysostoses, median facial clefts, residua of encephaloceles, and trauma. Deformities primarily involve the middle and upper thirds of the face. In planning, abnormal relations and structures must be clearly defined utilizing patient examination, x-rays, dental study models, and photography. Standards of norm indicating goals for the corrective procedure are also based on studies using these tools, data from previous publications, and measurements directly from skulls. Precise measurements about the orbits and maxillary-mandibular relation are the keystone for planning. Soft tissue, nose, and ear alterations are based on already widely known concepts of norm and symmetry. Bony interocular distance, medial intercanthal distance, height and width at the orbital rim of the bony orbits, orbital shape, orbital axis, and orbital volume as determined by measurement with an exophthalmometer are useful in determining what is to be done about the orbits. Cribiform plate level, anterior cranial base, length and contour, and size of the zygomatic arches are important dimension considerations. Paranasal sinus size and location is important. These considerations are essential prior to any major facial structural changes.


Cleft lip and cleft palate in D trisomy.


Status of research in cleft lip and palate: anatomy and physiology, part 2.


Transverse pharyngeal flaps: a dynamic repair for velopharyngeal insufficiency. During the past three years, forty-eight patients, ranging from five to thirty years of age, have undergone bilateral transverse pharyngeal pedicles to the palate. Thirty-nine patients had not had pharyngeal flaps prior to this procedure and the remaining nine patients had failure of production of acceptable speech after undergoing inferiorly or superiorly based flap operations. One patient suffered separation of the suture line. Dramatic improvement in speech has been noted in the remaining forty-seven patients. While it is difficult to compare the speech results to other procedures, a significant finding has been achievement of satisfactory speech in all nine patients referred for correction after failure with superiorly or inferiorly based flaps. Muscle survival, as evidenced by consistent electromyograph studies, demonstrated functioning double pharyngeal sphincters to control airway shunting during rapid spontaneous speech. The use of transverse pharyngeal flaps offers an obturator effect and the added benefit of active muscle for airstream control in speech function to correct nasality in cleft palate patients. Preservation of the integrity of the neuromuscular component of these pedicles assures survival of the tissue mass for its obturator effect. A modified procedure has been adapted for patients with failure of production of acceptable speech, after using inferiorly or superiorly based flaps.


Selective movement of the lateral aspects of the pharyngeal walls during velopharyngeal closure for speech, blowing, and whistling in normals. The frontal and lateral cinefluorographic views of five normal subjects performing speech, blowing, and whistling tasks were synchronized in order to observe where the greatest degree of medial movement in the lateral aspects of the pharyngeal walls was occurring in relation to structures observed in lateral view. The results of the synchronization procedure indicates that for all five subjects, maximum medial excursion in the lateral walls of the pharynx occurred at the level of the full length of the velum and hard palate, well below the levator eminance. It is hypothesized that this observed interaction may be due to the select contraction of those fibers of the superior constrictor muscle which enter the velum via the lateral walls and those fibers attached to the pterygoid plates as well as levator muscle activity. It is also suggested that definitive physiological data must be obtained from further study of combined EMG and fluoroscopic procedures.


Prediction of velopharyngeal competency. The question posed in this study was, are there measures which are predictive of the need for further palatal management? Articulation scores, lateral x-rays and clinical judgments of velopharyngeal competency were examined for 75 subjects in retrospect to determine their predictive value. Each of the measures resulted in at least 90% appropriate predictions. The combination of articulation score and lateral x-ray rating appeared to be the best predictor for this particular sample in that subsequent treatment was correctly predicted for 96% of the subjects. We view this study as a preliminary attempt in the prediction of further management and in future studies will consider age at the time of prediction and other possible predictor variables.


A longitudinal study of the craniofacial growth pattern in children with clefts as compared to normal, birth to six years.


Oral language skills of adult cleft palate speakers. This study investigated selected oral language skills and their relationship to speech intelligibility in forty cleft palate and normal adult speakers. Connected speech samples were analyzed to determine spoken language status which included response length, grammar or syntax, and vocabulary size. The subjects were judged for intelligibility by two groups of listeners: sophisticated and unsophisticated. It was concluded: (a) cleft palate speakers used shorter responses and were more consistent in their language usage; (b) there were no significant differnences in syntax and vocabulary; (c) for cleft palate speakers there was a relationship between intelligibility and language measures; (d) unsophisticated listiners were more consisitent in intelligibility judgements, and (e) sophisticated listeners rated cleft palate speakers poorer than unsophisticated listeners.


A telefluoroscopic study of lingual contacts made by persons with palatal defects. Telefluoroscopic tapes were viewed to obtain evaluations of lingual contacts during the production of six consonant sounds by 69 subjects who had a history of cleft palate or velopharyngeal inadequacy. Using phonetic textbook descriptions of normal lingual contacts as standards, these observed contacts were judged to be either normal or deviant in placement, and direction of deviation was noted. Clinical records of subjects afforded medical and surgical histories as well as evaluations of the subjects' intelligibility, nasal resonance and nasal emission at the time of the taping. Evaluations of velopharyngeal adequacy made from these tapes were also available. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that some but not all speakers who have a history of palatal problems use deviant lingual contacts to produce consonant sounds. The use of deviant lingual contacts does not appear to be related to the type of palatal problem, but is significantly related to the adequacy of the velopharyngeal mechanism for speech. Those with adequate mechanisms show the least use of deviant lingual contacts, subjects with borderline adequacy show a greater use, and those with inadequate closure show the greatest use of deviant contacts. There is a significant relationship between the use of deviant lingual contacts and the presence of abnormal intelligibility and abnormal nasal resonance. The tendency toward the use of deviant lingual contacts by those with velopharyngeal insufficiency suggests that these are compensations for the inadequate valving. These compensations may increase both the intelligibility and nasal resonance problems caused by the inadequate valving. Subjects who achieved adequacy of velopharyngeal mechanism for speech before the age of mastery of consonant sounds showed significantly less tendency to use deviant contacts than those who never attained adequacy. This was reflected in intelligible speech and less tendency toward abnormal nasal resonance. It is suggested that when velopharyngeal adequacy cannot be achieved through early surgical intervention, speech therapy may be indicated to promote the development of potentially adequate articulatory patterns and to discourage the development of compensatory mechanisms.


Polyglutamate forms of folate in resting and proliferating mammalian tissues. 1. Tritiated folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) was injected into rats whose livers were undergoing regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and into normal control rats. 2. The major form of labelled liver folate was found to be pteroylpentaglutamate in both hepatectomized and normal rats and there was no difference in the proportion of pteroylpentaglutamate to other forms of folate in the regenerating or resting liver. 3. Folate concentrations were also measured in leucocytes from normal and leukaemic patients. 4. Pteroylpolyglutamates constituted the main form of folate in both sets of cells. There was again no difference in proportion of pteroylpolyglutamate to pteroylmonoglutamate forms of folate between normal mature cells and primitive blast cells. 5. It is therefore suggested that pteroylpolyglutamates, which constitute nearly all the folates in cells actively synthesizing DNA and protein as well as in resting cells, probably act as the coenzymes in vivo for the folate-dependent reactions in DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in mammalian systems.


A comparison of the concurrent validity of two epidemiologic diagnostic systems for caries evaluation.


A comparative study of oral health as related to general health, food habits and socioeconomic conditions of 4-year-old Swedish children.


Effect of monthly prophylaxis on caries and gingivitis in schoolchildren.


Leukoedema in addicts to coca leaves in Humahuaca, Argentina.


The occluding system of the teeth. A review of the occluding system of the mouth--from nomenclature to malocclusions.


Patient anxieties.

Patient anxieties.


Should you carry a gun?

Should you carry a gun?


On being safe in your office.

On being safe in your office.


A home safe for a safe home.

A home safe for a safe home.


Makings of malpractice: the case of the unequal coverage.


The best way to beat high taxes.

The best way to beat high taxes.


Getting personal about your tax deductions.


Are those computer tax returns for you?

Are those computer tax returns for you?


Getting the most tax mileage from your car.


Invite the tax man to your party.

Invite the tax man to your party.


Your tax records: easy does it.

Your tax records: easy does it.


Big tax savings from little tax deductions.


Divorce and taxes: when they must mix.

Divorce and taxes: when they must mix.


The good news about post-graduate deductions.


A system for dental patient education - Study reports on its effectiveness and feasibility.


Where do all the patients come from?

Where do all the patients come from?


The costly education of Dr. Danish. 1.

The costly education of Dr. Danish. 1.


We got out of the banking business.

We got out of the banking business.


Surgical correction of dento-facial disharmonies.


Talk the patient's language.

Talk the patient's language.


Endodontic treatment: a five-year follow-up.


Bleaching technic for tetracycline blemishes.


Establishing an in-office prevention program.


Editorial. Controlling the malpractice monster.


Patient-centered office is a carnival of color.


Comparison of plaque accumulation on metal restorative surfaces.


Using personal communication to help ease patient stress.


Program lets students try private practice.


Editorial: New therapies for osteogenic sarcoma.


Adoptive immunotherapy in primary osteosarcoma. An interim report.


Editorial: Will the dentist of tomorrow be salaried?


Antibiotic therapy for the practising dentist. Spiramycin and general discussion.


The dentist faces the law. Western Canadian Moot Court. Bjornson-vs-Hammerstand.


Executive affairs. On making decisions.

Executive affairs. On making decisions.


Task force report on the future of the CDA.


The function of dentists in forensic odontology.


Guidelines for dental associateships.

Guidelines for dental associateships.


Editorial: The dilemma of continuing education.


Suicidal intent, medical lethality of the suicide attempt, and components of depression.


Symposium: Alternatives in oral health care.


Letter: Demand for dental care.

Letter: Demand for dental care.


Trends in dental education.

Trends in dental education.


Teaching jurisprudence to dental students.


Presidential address.

Presidential address.


Letter: Unresponsive leadership?

Letter: Unresponsive leadership?


Editorial: Third party payment: a mystery story.


Letter: That licensure issue.

Letter: That licensure issue.


Letter: 'Unlicensed' diagnoses.

Letter: 'Unlicensed' diagnoses.


Letter: House vote for students.

Letter: House vote for students.


Letter: Explore problem deeper.

Letter: Explore problem deeper.


Letter: The AAE-AES problem.

Letter: The AAE-AES problem.


Tilting at windmills, neighborhood health centers, and prepaid group practices.


Letter: 'A myopic position'.

Letter: 'A myopic position'.


The anterior crossbite: report of cases. Some malocclusions, seen by the general pragtitioner, should be treated early with uncomplicated procedures. Simple anterior crossbites that do not involve other complications lend themselves to this type of interceptive treatment. Criteria for successful treatment include adequate space for movement of the involved teeth and opening of the bite to facilitate this movement. More complicated cases will necessitate further orthodontic study and techniques.


Touring a dental clinic in Volgograd, USSR.


Oral ulcerations associated with indomethacin therapy: report of three cases. Oral ulcers developed in three edentulous patients who were receiving indomethacin (Indocin) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. The lesions healed after reduction or discontinuation of the medication. These ulcers are attributed to the combined effects of the indomethacin and the dentures on the oral tissues. In older patient populations, drug-induced oral lesions must be ruled out before a dental prosthesis malfunction is implicated.


A descriptive survey of signs and symptoms associated with the myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. The signs and symptoms of 56 patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome were tabulated. Patients were classified by age, sex, education and professional background, frequency of complaints of pain, occlusal relationships, oral habits, and specific muscles that were tender on palpation. A coincidence of stress and tension and the onset of myofascial pain was observed. It is suggested that myofascial pain may be more common in women than in men. Muscle tenderness was associated particularly with the masseter, temporal, and lateral and medial pterygoid muscles.


Lingual mandibular bone concavity.

Lingual mandibular bone concavity. The lingual mandibular bone concavity is not pathognomonic but is a radiographic bone entity. The origin of the entity and the histologic picture of the contents found within the concavity are probably related to the size and growth of the structures located in the submandibular space and the contiguous area. This accounted for the presence of normal submandibular space tissue contents in this patient and in nine of the ten patients whose conditions are reviewed in the literature. The question of whether a surgical exploration is indicated should be decided in terms of each individual case by the oral surgeon. However, only by performing a surgical exploration and submitting the tissue contents for a histopathologic examination can an accurate diagnosis be made. The general practitioner of dentistry should be aware of this bone entity and be prepared to discuss the condition with the patient and to refer the patient for exploration of the area if appropriate.


Determination of optimal time lapse for recall of patients in an incremental dental care program. The study was designed to determine the optimal recall interval for persons, ages 5 to 19 years, in the Indian Health Service dental care program and to determine the optimal number of persons to whom maintenance care could be provided at various recall intervals. Analyses used to determine the optimal number of persons and the optimal recall period are described. As expected, the number of services required increased as the maintenance interval increased. The maximum number of persons can be treated on a recall period of 25 to 27 months, but during this time persons 5 to 9 years old had significant increases in the number of services required. Therefore, the optimal recall interval for persons in this age group is to 10 to 12 months. The optimal recall interval for persons 10 to 14 years old is 25 to 27 months, and for persons 15 to 19 years old, 22 to 24 months.


Council reaffirms position on dental endosseous implants. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


Experimental studies on environmental contamination with infected blood during haemodialysis. To assess the relative importance of different postulated modes of spread of hepatitis B in dialysis units, blood charged with various tracer organisms was used in simulated haemodialysis runs in four laboratories, and the resulting contamination of equipment and environment was measured semi-quantitatively. Some airborne spread of the tracer organism occurred when tubing containing contaminated blood was needled as the "patient" went on and came off the dialyser. Virtually no small airborne particles could be demonstrated however in simulated emergencies in which a blood line was disconnected, or even when bottles of blood were dropped on to a hard floor from a height of 2 metres. Bacillus globigii spores from contaminated blood leaked in small numbers into the dialysing fluid through apparently intact coils. T3 phage, with a particle size of the same order as hepatitis B virus, passed in small quantities through the membrane of a Kiil dialyser from blood to dialysing fluid and also in the reverse direction when added to the header tank. A number of other dialysers were also permeable to phage. Visual assessment of the appropriate moment for inserting the venous line into the "patient" at the onset of dialysis was shown to be unreliable, as the displaced fluid from the end of the venous line was already contaminated before it contained visible red blood cells. Considerable contamination of exposed surfaces and of the buttons on the proportionating unit cabinet occurred. Minor visible splashing of blood was a common-place of the laboratory experiments and was shown to be also a common event during routine haemodialysis in two of the dialysis units taking part in the studies.


Field trials of the rodenticide gophacide against wild house mice (Mus musculus L.). The acute rodenticide gophacide was tested against urban infestations of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) and treatment success was assessed from the results of census baitings conducted before and after each treatment. Seven of eight populations of mice living in premises where alternative food supplies were limited were successfully controlled when medium oatmeal bait containing gophacide at 0.1% was laid directly for 4 days. In further treatments against mice inhabiting more complex environments and having greater access to other foods, the performance of gophacide at 0.1% and at 0.25% in a wholemeal flour/pinhead oatmeal/corn oil bait was compared with that of zinc phosphide at 3.0% in the same bait-base. The poison treatments were conducted for 1 or 4 days and always after 3 days pre-baiting. Treatment success varied considerably irrespective of the type of treatment or of the poison used. In general, however, gophacide proved to be as effective as zinc phosphide for the control of mice.


Laboratory evaluation of gophacide as a rodenticide for use against Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. Laboratory tests were carried out to assess the efficacy of gophacide as a rodenticide against the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the house mouse (Mus musculus). Results of feeding tests with wild animals suggest that the compound would be more useful against mice than rats, and that 0.3% would be a near optimal concentration for field trials for both species. The hazards of using gophacide as a rodenticide are discussed.


Myxomatosis: passive immunity in the offspring of immune rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) infested with fleas (Spilopsyllus cuniculi Dale) and exposed to myxoma virus. Kittens with maternal antibodies to myxoma virus, the offspring of rabbits which had recovered from myxomatosis, were exposed to fleas contaminated with myxoma virus and/or contact with infected rabbits from birth. All kittens died or became infected before 8 weeks of age. When compared with adult animals similarly infected the kittens showed no advantage in terms of survival time or recovery rate attributable to maternal antibodies. Flea transmission of virus was found more effective than contact transmissions.


The effect of storage in slurry on the virulence of Salmonella dublin. The mouse was used as a model to determine whether storage of Salmonella dublin in slurry and in broth reduces the virulence of the organism. No reduction in virulence of S. dublin stored in slurry for 36 days or in maintenance broth for 70 days was observed. The disease hazard involved in pasture-spreading of slurry contaminated with salmonellas is related to factors other than virulence.


Examination of slurry from cattle for pathogenic bacteria. One hundred and eighty-seven samples of slurry from cattle were examined forthe presence of salmonellas, pathogenic leptospires and brucellas. Small numbers of salmonellas, generally less than 1/g., were isolated from 20 samples (11%). These were S. dublin (12), S. typhimurium (4), S. indiana (1), S. bredeney (1), S. cerro (1) and S. unnamed 4, 12:d:-(1). Leptospires were isolated from 56 samples (30%) but none was pathogenic for hamsters. No brucellas were isolated. The results of this survey are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of salmonellosis.


The production and preliminary investigation of Burulin, a new skin test reagent for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. The preparation of a skin test antigen from Mycobacterium ulcerans by ultrasonic disintegration and filtration is described. The reagent, called Burulin, was tested in Africa in normal school children, and in patients with leprosy, tuberculosis or M. ulcerans disease. Those with tuberculosis or M. ulcerans disease were simultaneously tested with Tuberculin PPD. Burulin was found to be highly specific for patients in the reactive stage of M. ulcerans disease, and there was no cross-reaction in patients with other mycobacterioses. On the other hand, the majority of patients with M. ulcerans disease reacting to Burulin also produce positive reactions to Tuberculin PPD.


Team approach to cancer of head and neck.


Pitfalls of acid-etch technique.

Pitfalls of acid-etch technique.


Late supernumery premolar formation.

Late supernumery premolar formation.


Letter: Prevention of self-inflicted trauma.


Non-orthodontic use of the Hawley bite plate.


Editorial: Generalist vs specialist--a communication gap.


Letter: Attitudes in oral surgery training.


Letter: More opinions on the dual degree.


Treatment of maxillary alveolar hyperplasia by total maxillary alveolar osteotomy.


The effect of diazepam on physiologically measured stress. Responses to stress were reduced significantly in healthy volunteer subjects when diazepam was used as a sedative.  Decreases in response to painful stimuli in a nontreated group averaged 17 percent; decreases in response to the stimuli in the group sedated with diazepam averaged 84 percent.


Psoriatic arthritis involving the temporomandibular joint. A case of psoriatic arthritis involving a TMJ and several peripheral joints is reported and discussed.


The syndrome of ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and clefting (EEC). Early recognition of ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and clefting of the lip and palate as a syndrome could result in more beneficial treatment for the patient.  Patients with the EEC syndrome often have ocular and auricular deficiencies that progressively become more severe. These patients are often seen first by cleft palate teams who make the diagnosis.  The patient's dental status requires frequent evaluation after corrective procedures for cleft lip and cleft palate.


A new technique for making a moulage.

A new technique for making a moulage. A new technique for making a moulage has been described; it offers several significant advantages over standard techniques.


Non-extraction Class two-division one treatment.


Dental disease in Chicagoland Indians.

Dental disease in Chicagoland Indians.


Occlusal awareness before placement of the rubber dam.


Electrical testing for injuries of the seventh nerve. Electrodiagnostic testing can be used to determine the extent of injury to peripheral nerves.  assessment of the function of the nerves after injury is essential for determination of the prognosis and for treatment.


Massive facial infection of odontogenic origin: report of case. A case of massive facial abscess secondary to an abscessed tooth and its subsequent successful treatment is reported.


Lap joint mandibular ostectomy.

Lap joint mandibular ostectomy. The mandibular body ostectomy operation is indicated for specific cases of mandibular prognathism where posterior occlusion is to remain unchanged.  It may be done in one stage intraorally.  The lap joint modification has proved advantageous to the surgeon and to the patient by assuring union and by reducing the period of immobilization.


Sclerosing hemangioma of the tongue: report of case. An instance of a large sclerosing-type hemangioma of the tongue is reported with the pathogenesis of the lesion.  A review of the literature suggests that the process is part of the natural evolution of hemangiomas and merely represents a regressive phenomenon.  In the oral cavity where there are no areas that are free of repeated trauma, chronic irritation may incite the fibrosis and other retrogressive features that have been described.


Central hemangioma of the mandible: intraoral resection and reconstruction. A review of the literature and report of a case of central hemangioma of the mandible have been presented.  This case has merit from the standpoint of the relative rarity of the lesion within the jaws, and the means by which reconstruction was carried out.  Most significant in the presentation is a reminded to all maxillofacial surgeons that any osteolytic defect in either jaw can be a central hemangioma.  Because of the serious consequences of biopsy or of extraction of teeth, hemangioma must always be considered in the differential diagnosis; proper precautions must be taken in establishment of a final diagnosis before surgical intervention is undertaken.


The prevention of the growth of Candida on silastic 390 soft liner for dentures.


Dynamic orificial resin adjustable nasal stents. A technique is described for use of intranasal acrylic resin stents with finger springs and/or orthodontic jackscrew expanders for initiating and maintaining a desired amount of opening in the presence of scar tissue or grafts.


The temporomandibular joint-a diginglymus joint.


Development of a simplified system for clinical evaluation of occlusal interrelationships. Part I. Acquisition of information. The development of a standardized method of collecting data from a questionnaire and a simplified, yet relatively complete, occlusal and temporomandibular examination form has been described. The questionnaire and clinical examination form have evolved from earlier forms developed by the author1 which have been used in numerous private offices and institutions for a period of five years. These earlier forms have now been augmented and modified as a result of personal consultation with users of earlier forms and numerous clinical and academic authorites.2-27 The selection of information to be obtained through the use of the questionnaire and clinical examination forms was further influenced by the work of numerous authors.28-63 Part II of this report deals with (1) the development of a companion Data Processing Form and a method of transcribing to this form the data from the Patient Questionnaire and clinical examination forms, as well as (2) key-punch instructions consistent with data processing requirements.


Multiphasic screening in Newark.

Multiphasic screening in Newark.


Letter: Telemetric comparison of centric relation and centric occlusion reconstructions.


A histologic and electronic evaluation of electrosurgical currents: nonfiltered full-wave modulated vs. filtered current. A controlled system for examining the tissue alteration and healing of electrosurgically produced wounds was established. Standardization of width, depth, stroke, amperage, average voltage, and wave form was achieved. A histologic comparison of tissue alteration and healing produced by a conventional blade and two electrosurgical currents was carried out. The need for standarization of instrumentation and clinical procedures is discussed.


A brief review on prostaglandins.

A brief review on prostaglandins.


Rudimentary branch ureter and its roentgen significance.


Editorials: Murder and mayhem: The weekly agenda.


Limb loss in a young man due to entrapment of the popliteal artery.


Monitoring of the high risk pregnancy: Part III, postpartum.


A crisis of identification in medicine.

A crisis of identification in medicine.


Friend leukemia: rapid development of erythropoietin-independent hematopoietic precursors. Infection of mice with the polycythemia-inducing strain of Friend leukemia virus caused a rapid emergence of new erythroid precursor cells. These cells which, in the absence of erythropoietin, proliferated in vitro to form colonies and even differnetiated, quickly out-numbered the usual erythropoietin-dependent hematopoietic elements in bone marrow and spleen. Ultimately, the marrow and spleen were probably totally repopulated with this erythropoietin-independent cell.


Endocardial fibrosis following busulfan treatment.


Hematology mediquiz. Case 3.

Hematology mediquiz. Case 3.


Hodgkin disease with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Hemotology mediquiz. Case 9.

Hemotology mediquiz. Case 9.


Hematology mediquiz. Case 6.

Hematology mediquiz. Case 6.


Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in human leukemic cells and in normal human thymocytes. Peripheral leukocytes from patients with and without leukemia were assayed for presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Activity of this enzyme was detected in circulating leukemic cells from 11 to 13 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and in one of four with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, but not in leukocytes from patients with other kinds of leukemia or in normal leukocytes. Its presence in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis lends biochemical support to the suggestion that some patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia undergo a lymphoblastic rather than a myeloblastic crisis. The thymocyte and leukemic-cell enzyme have the same substrate and primer preference. Normal thymocytes and leukemic cells contain two forms of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase that can be separated by phosphocellulose chromatography. The enzyme may provide a means for classifying leukemic cells on a biochemical basis independently of classic morphologic and clinical criteria.


Editorial: Professional liability. What next?


The quality of perinatal care in North Carolina.


The epidemiologic transition in North Carolina during the last 50 to 90 years: II. changing patterns of disease and causes of death.


The placement service of the North Carolina Society of Anesthesiologists.


Massive hemorrhage from multiple gastric ulcers in the newborn: a case report.


Editorial: "Hamburger" dentistry is not enough.


Current perspectives on radiation.

Current perspectives on radiation.


Editorial: Can you read your own handwriting?


Ethics corner.

Ethics corner.


Fillings that save your teeth.

Fillings that save your teeth.


A most unusual occurrence.

A most unusual occurrence.


In the society. The challenge of 1975.

In the society. The challenge of 1975.


Editorial: The power of assessment: a potential abuse of privilege.


Letter: Hypertension.

Letter: Hypertension.


A behavior modification approach in the habilitation of a cleft palate patient.


Public education. How you chew your food.


Editorial: Reciprocity begins at home.

Editorial: Reciprocity begins at home.


From the dais.

From the dais.


Council on Dental Care Programs. Further notes on prepayment.


The power of assessment--a potential abuse of privilege.


The need for emergency assessment powers.


Study of factors in the choice of a rural dental practice.


The role of the hospital in continuing dental education.


The N2 method and informed consent.

The N2 method and informed consent.


Swallowing and speech after radical total glossectomy with tongue prosthesis. Radical total glossectomy is now accepted as a useful procedure for the management of advanced cancer of the tongue. This article records our study of speech and swallowing without the tongue. An artificial tongue prosthesis has been developed and found to greatly improve these functions after total glossectomy. The special operative factors to be considered in order to permit a smooth and rapid rehabilitation regarding speech and swallowing have been stressed.


The use of a free connective tissue graft to increase the width of attached gingiva. Various techniques have been employed for increasing the width of keratinized gingiva. In recent years free gingival grafting has been shown to produce more predictable results than previous methods. Wound-healing studies, however, have shown that the surface epithelium of free gingival grafts degenerates and re-epithelizes by cells proliferating from adjacent tissues. In addition, the donor site is left to heal by secondary intention and requires a dressing for 10 to 14 days. Most studies on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions support the concept that epithelium differentiates under the influence of stimuli from the underlying connective tissue. If this is so, then grafting of gingival connective tissue alone should induce keratinization in the proliferating epithelium. A case is presented which illustrates this principle. The graft effectively increased the width of keratinized gingiva. The donor site healed by primary intention, and no dressing was needed.


Healing after tooth reimplantation in monkeys. A radioautographic study. The purpose of this study was to examine radioautographically the dynamics of tissue changes during healing after reimplantation of maxilliary incisors in adult rhesus monkeys. The period selected for the study was 1 day to 4 months. The study revealed that a new attachment will be restored after tooth reimplantation. Epithelial tissues start to proliferate immediately after reimplantation; this proliferation reaches its peak in 3 days. After 7 days a new junctional epithelium is re-established. Connective tissue proliferation reaches its peak in 7 days and starts mainly from the supracrestal connective tissue and the bone marrow spaces. The interface is undetectable after 7 days, being replaced by young connective tissue which re-establishes the continuity of the periodontal membrane and the supracrestal connective tissue. Orientation and maturation of the fibers are not observed until 4 months after reimplantation. Changes toward root resorption and ankylosis can be seen as early as 14 days after reimplantation.


Sarcoidosis and ranula of a sublingual gland. A case is reported in which ranula was successfully managed by excision of the sublingual gland in a 26-year-old Negro man. Histopathologic examination revealed sarcoidosis of the sublingual gland. The transsected Wharton's duct was successfully transplanted in the floor of the oral cavity.


The feasibility of a screening procedure regarding temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A screening examination for the assessment of tempormandibular joint dysfunction was evaluated in a series of 279 patients. Tenderness upon palpation of one or more of the muscles of mastication and/or pain upon retrusion of the mandible was noted in seventy-nine patients (28 per cent). These objective signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction did not correlate statistically with maximum opening of the mouth, age, taking of analesics or tranquilizers, headache or dizzy spells, crepitus, and the patients dental condition.


Autosomal dominant hypodontia with nail dysgenesis. Report of twenty-nine cases in six families. Clinical details of twenty-three of twenty-nine cases of hypodontia and nail dysgenesis are presented. The classic features of severe hypodontia and a distinctive congenital nail defect were found in all families. The use of a simple method of sweat testing disclosed a minor deficiency of sweating in one family.


Periodontosis in sibs.

Periodontosis in sibs. Periodontosis is an idiopathic degeneration of the periodontium which results in migration and loss of teeth. The disease begins in the regions of the incisors and first molars. Late in the disease, other areas of the dental arches may be involved. The gingivae are not initially inflamed, and there are no associated systemic abnormalities. Local irritants cannot account for the marked alveolar destruction which leads to the tooth loss. Several heritable syndromes and periodontitis also may be associated with alveolar bone destruction. Periodontosis can be differentiated each of these on the basis of negative laboratory tests, lack of associated anomalies, distinctive pattern of bone loss and timing of onset of gingival inflammation. A family in which periodontosis was present in three of six sibs and in which ichthyosis was segregating independently of periodontosis is reported.


Central adenocarcinoma of the mandible.

Central adenocarcinoma of the mandible. A seemingly straightforward clinical diagnosis of ameloblastoma was made of a large radiolucent, multicystic lesion in the mandible. Biopsy and metastatic tumor work-up revealed the tumor to be primary in the mandible. A histopathologic diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin was made. This article reports a well-documented primary mandibular salivary gland tumor. A review of the literature and light and electron microscopic interpretation of this tumor are presented.


Keratinization in odontogenic tumors.

Keratinization in odontogenic tumors. The potential of odontogenic epithelium to keratinize in the form of ghost cells is demonstrated in the histologic variants of a number of odontongic tumors. Although the cells lack keratohyaline granules, they do contain abundant tonofilaments and probably represent an altered form of keratin. The presence of this material in odontogenic tumors does not appear to alter clinical occurence or clinical behavior.


Ringed enamel hyperplasia.

Ringed enamel hyperplasia. An apparently new disorder of enamel is briefly described.


Periapical actinomycosis.

Periapical actinomycosis. Two cases of actinomycotic lesions of the periapical tissue in relation to the molars are described. The difficulty in obtaining a positive culture for actinomycetes in spite of definite histologic evidence of actinomycosis is highlighted. Besides antibiotics, the importance of planned treatment to deal with the underlying diseased periapical tissue and the tooth is emphasized.


Burkitt's lymphoma.

Burkitt's lymphoma. The case of a 33-year-old woman with Burkitt's lymphoma is presented. This is the third case that has been reported from India. The primary involvement was in the mandible. Endoxan was administered without response. Radiotherapy was resorted to as the second choice of treatment, but metastases developed rapidly in other organs. The patient survived for only 3 months after a diagnostic biopsy.


Oral focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (warty dyskeratoma). Report of two cases. Two cases of intraoral focal acantholytic dyskeratosis are presented. These uncommon, small, nodular, keratotic lesions, with a distinct histologic pattern similar to that of Darier's disease, have been reported as warty dyskeratomas. Treatment is conservative surgical removal and follow-up. It is suggested that the histologic diagnostic term of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis be used, since there may be several clinical entities with a similar histology but different etiology.


Radiographic densitometric evaluation of seven processing solutions. In a comparison of seven commercially available processing solutions, it was found that the soulutions designed to reduce film-processing time produced a great amount of fog at high temperatures.


Periapical destructions caused by experimental pulpal inoculation of Streptococcus mutans in rats. The development of pulpal and periapical changes in rat molars was studied after inoculation of Streptococcus mutans (GS-5) into the pulp chamber. Before injection into the pulp Streptococcus mutans was cultured on a special collagen substrate and "trained" to break down collagen. The destruction of the alveolar bone periapically could be demonstrated both roentgenologically and histopathologically. Large numbers of inflammatory cells in the pulp chamber and the periapical area, as well as carious dentin, were present. The pulpally inoculated bacteria could also be recovered from the systemic blood. The identity between the pulpally inoculated bacteria and the bacteria recovered from the blood was proved by gel precipitation.


Fibrinolytic activity in human dental pulp. It has been shown that the fibrinolytic activity is different in different tissues. In this investigation, performed in order to study the fibrinolytic activity in human dental pulp, the authors found a very high activity in this tissue. The importance of this finding is discussed.


Amelogenesis imperfecta. Report of two cases. Amelogenesis imperfecta demonstrating the classic mendelian heredity factor is reported in two members of the same family.


Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.


Nursing care study: a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.


Twenty year old five months pregnant female with sudden onset of abdominal pain.


II. The advantages of local anesthesia for cesarean section (prenatal, neonatal, and developmental comparisons).


Methoxy-9-ellipticine lactate in refractory acute myeloid leukaemia.


Arteriosclerotic heart disease and environment.


Jewelry-making. The number one hobby for dentist.


Vertebral rarefaction in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. A 16-year-old boy is reported in whom back pain, due to localised osteoporosis and partial collapse of a lumbar vertebra, drew attention to unsuspected acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient responded promptly to induction therapy, his symptoms disappeared, and he is presently in the maintenance programme. The skeletal lesion continues to heal slowly. Attention is drawn to this unusual presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and the importance of bone-marrow examination in the study of unexplained cases of osteoporosis is emphasised.


[Condition of the gingival tissue in pregnant women].


[A method for studying hereditary factors in congenital clefts of the face].


The establishment of a Commission on accreditation of dental and dental auxiliary educational programs.


Teaching behavioral principles to dental students: a pilot course. In an effort to amalgamate the study of behavior into the dental curriculum at West Virginia University, four primary objectives were set forth by the authors 1) creating a positive learning experience, 2) providing general information concerning behavior as it relates to dentistry, 3) dealing with special problems related to the human developmental continuum, and 4) increasing the students perception of himself and his patients. These objectives were accomplished through a variety of teaching techniques including formal didactic lectures, open and informal discussions, and videotape exercises involving mock clinical situations. There was no formal grading, although the students were requested to evaluate the course. Generally the students were enthusiastic in their regard for the class, emphasizing their feelings that follow-up courses should be offered.


Effective use of essay tests.

Effective use of essay tests.


Editorial: Accreditation.

Editorial: Accreditation.


Faculty mobility in dental education.

Faculty mobility in dental education.


Confrontation and the professional maturation of dental students. The professional maturation process through which every dental student sould pass involves perception and identification of his professional role. The process is complicated at many points by conflicts between the student's own professional role expectations and the expectations of his teachers or of society. Confrontation is described as occurring daily in the dental-school environment; many confrontational situations occur on an impromptu basis in the course of interaction between the student and his classmates, his patients, and the faculty. Other confrontational situations can be arranged deliverately by the dental educator in order to provide clinical and social experiences for the student which ordinarily would not be included in the dental curriculum. By taking advantage of the particular student-instructor relationship existing during these confrontational situations, the dental educator can reap perhaps the greatest reward to be realized from an academic career--that of being able to take an active role in the professional maturation process of his students.


Control of infectious disease agents in dental school clinics.


Phenolization of bladder in treatment of massive intractable hematuria. Intractable hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to radiation or cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) therapy could lead to serious complications; however, intravesical instillation of phenol has reduced the dilemma of this life-threatening problem. We present a case of intractable hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to cyclophosphamide therapy treated with 100 per cent phenol with no untoward side effects. Since formalin instillation into the bladder has been associated with severe complications, phenol appears to be safer and more effective in the treatment of intractable hematuria, and, therefore, its clinical trial is recommended.


Use of photography in dental practice.

Use of photography in dental practice.


Monocytic leukaemia in the dog.

Monocytic leukaemia in the dog. Three cases of monocytic leukaemia in dogs are reported. Clinically, they all showed dullness, lymph node enlargement and hepato-spenomegaly and the overt illness was of short duration. Haematologically, the white blood cell count was raised to different degrees in each case. The great majority of white cells were monocytes and monoblasts; their cytological, cytochemical and electron microscopic features are described. Only a mild degree of anaemia was present in all cases. Pathological examinations, carried out in two of the dogs, showed widespread leukaemic infiltration of bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and other organs. Differentiation of this syndrome from other forms of haemopoietic neoplasia is discussed.


Paraformaldehyde-containing pastes in endodontic therapy.


Case report: anerobic cellulitis following closed reduction of mandibular fracture.


Cytology of the solitary papilloma of the bronchus. The cytologic and histologic findings in a case of solitary squamous cell papilloma of the bronchus are reported. The cytologic features of this rare bronchial tumor included regular squamous cells, round basal cells with no atypsim and nuclear irregularity. Although these findings suggest a benign, rather than a malignant tumor, the definite nature of the tumor was established only on histologic examination of the entire surgically resected specimen.


Bone scanning.

Bone scanning. Scanning is based on the uptake of a nuclide by the crystal lattice of bone and is related to bone blood flow. Cancer cells do not take up the tracer. Normally, the scan visualizes the highly vascular bones. Scans are useful and are indicated in metastatic bone disease, primary bone tumors, hematologic malignancies and some non-neoplastic diseases. The scan is more sensitive than x-ray in the detection of malignant diseases of the skeleton.


Clinicopathologic conference: Multiple malignancies: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and acute myelomonocytic leukemia.


Oral glucose-electrolyte therapy for diarrhea: a means to maintain or improve nutrition? Since over half of the children aged 5 years and under in the developing world suffer from mild-moderate malnutrition, means of correcting nutrition deficiencies are essential.  In the case of the child with diarrhea, malnutrition is exacerbated by a number of disease-related factors including anorexia, cultural or medical withdrawal of food, and purgation.  It was discovered, in a study among Apache children, that early and rapid replacemtnt of volume loss and correction of electrolyte imbalance using glucose-electrolyte solutions administered orally can restore physical well-being and appetite to children suffering from acute diarrhea, and hence enhance these children's nutritional status.  The solution recommended contained, in millimolar concentrations per liter: sodium, 81; potassium, 18; choride, 71; HC03, 28; and glucose, 139.  A field trial of oral therapy for acute diarrhea in children is called for tod etermine the extent of effects on nutrition and mortality, as well as to indicate some of the cultural and logistical problems which remain to be solved.


A dying adolescent.

A dying adolescent.


Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-A.


The "Wits" appraisal of jaw disharmony.

The "Wits" appraisal of jaw disharmony. The "Wits" appraisal of jaw disharmony is a simple method whereby the severity or degree of anteroposterior jaw dysplasia may be measured on a lateral cephalometic head film. The method entails drawing perpendiculars from points A and B on the maxilla and mandible, respectively, onto the occlusal plane. The points of contact of the perpendiculars onto the occlusal plane are labeled AO and BO, respectively. In a sample of twenty-one male and twenty-five female adults selected on the basis of excellence of occlusion, it was found, on the average, that in females points AO and BO coincided and in males point BO was located 1 mm. ahead of point AO. In skeltal Class II jaw dysplasias, point BO would be positioned well behind point AO (positive reading), whereas in Class III skeltal jaw disharmonies, the "Wits" reading would be negative, that is, with point BO ahead of point AO. The advantages of the "Wits" appraisal over that of the conventional ANB angle reading are illustrated and discussed.


Oral exfoliative cytology in female reverse smokers having stomatitis nicotina. 1. The Karyopyknotic index of the palatal and lingual mucosa is increased in female reverse smokers when compared to non-smoking females. 2. The Karyopyknotic index of the buccal mucosa did not show any change in female reverse smokers when compared to non-smoking females. 3. The Karyopyknotic index did not show any change with age in the non-smoking females. 4. Very few cases show epithelial atypia in palatal smears from female reverse smokers having stomatitis nicotina.


Orthodontically corrected midline diastemas. A histologic study and surgical procedure.


A systematic modification of edgewise therapy. This article describes a highly systematic modifcation of the edgewise technique that incorporates the principle of light continuous force application. It is a re-evaluation of our earlier article in view of the experience gained in applying this treatment approach in a teaching clinic. The classification of cases according to retraction requirements, the appliance designs, and the use of four basic phases of treatment remains largely the same as previously described. Some of the variations and modifications that have been necessary because of new information and pedogogical considerations are discussed. The treatment of typical orthodontic problems with differing retraction requirements is illustrated.


Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung with positive sputum cytology.


Neonatal pulmonary cytology and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cytologic evaluation of tracheo-bronchial washings from neonates on oxygen-respirator treatment results in a fairly distinct sequence of changes. Significant cellular alterations occurred in this study at an earlier date than expected but the results correlate somewhat with the histologic changes as reported by Banersee, Girling, and Wigglesworth. However, cytomorphic changes occured with lower oxygen concentrations than anticipated and the data thus far have not allowed us to define which infant will develop the long term sequella of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The preliminary data does suggest it may be possible to identify those infants who will develop severe metaplastic-dysplastic changes at an earlier date than usually expected.


An exceptional case and an exceptional treatment.