President's remarks.

President's remarks.


Facial sinuses related to chronic subperiostitis beneath full lower dentures.


Letter: Epipodophyllotoxin VP 16213 in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia.


Physiological changes associated with unilateral pulmonary ventilation during operations on the lung. No important changes in the respiratory parameters were observed during one-lung anaesthesia. However, this kind of thoracic intervention can be accompanied by a dramatic fall in arterial oxygen tension. Methods to avoid tissue hypoxia have been described. In our series no complications whatever occurred in the operative and post-operative periods which could be related to the oxygenation of the patient.


Female genital self-mutilation, dysorexia and the hysterical personality: the Caenis Syndrome. A detailed case report of female genital self-mutilation associated with dysorexia and the hysterical personality is presented. This lends support to recent literature that has suggested the possibility that these clinical features may comprise a discrete syndrome. The usefulness of considering this triad as a syndrome is illustrated by its facilitating the recall of two previous patients who in retrospect appear to fulfil these criteria. It is suggested that the name Caenis syndrome be given to this triad of behaviour.


Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia of childhood with cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, prednisolone, and mercaptopurine or thioguanine. Eighteen children with acute myeloid leukemia have been treated with a four-drug protocol using cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, prednisolone, and mercaptopurine or thioguanine. The initial remission rate overall was 78%. Of 15 children who completed a week's treatment, i.e. one complete cycle, 14 entered complete remission (93%). The median survival was 7 months, and the median survival for those entering remission was 12 1/2 months.


Comma-shaped venular segments of conjunctiva in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Isolated comma or corkscrew-shaped venular segments in the conjunctiva have been felt to be diagnostic of sickle cell disease. External eye examination of a 34-year-old black man with a two-year history of chronic granulocytic leukemia revealed multiple small and medium-sized isolated conjunctival venular segments. Laboratory findings at the time of examination included a white blood cell count of 132,000/mm3 with 87% eosinophils, a hematocrit reading of 30%, and hemoglobin AA. Since whole blood hyperviscosity can be present in chronic granulocytic leukemia as well as sickle cell disease, this may account for the similarly of the conjunctival changes.


Comparative study of cytosine arabinoside therapy alone and combined with thioguanine, mercaptopurine, or daunorubicin in acute myelocytic leukemia. Three hundred twenty-six patients with acute myelocytic leukemia were randomly and prospectively assigned to four therapeutic regimens: cytosine arabinoside either alone or in combination with daunorubicin, 6-mercaptopurine, or 6-thioguanine. The results in 231 qualified previously untreated patients were analyzed. The combination treatments produced a significantly greater frequency of complete or partial remission than single drug therapy. Treatment with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine led to 48% age-adjusted complete and partial responses. The median sur survival from diagnosis of all 66 evaluable patients treated with these two drugs was 18 weeks, while the median survival for those who responded to this combination was 15 months.


Thorotrast-induced extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the cervical region. Report of a case. This is the seventh reported case of soft tissue sarcoma attributed to thorotrast extravasated during the course of an injection for arteriography. An extraskeletal osteosarcoma occurring the cervical region of a 51-year-old man 30 years after a cerebral arteriogram is presented. The other reported cases include a fibrosarcoma, two neurofibrosarcomas, two spindle cell sarcomas, and an extraskeletal chondrosarcoma. The latency period has varied from 5 to 30 years. The thorotrast granules are readily identified in macrophages near or adjacent to the tumor, and the demonstration of alpha tracks on autoradiographs is diagnostic.


Origins of nutritional imbalance in cancer. Some parallels and differences are considered between the nutritional circumstances that favor carcinogenesis and those that favor tumor growth and host cachexia. From evidence on deletion of physiological feeding controls and changes in feeding behavior during tumor growth and from evidence on differences in sets of available feeding controls and in feeding behavior among normal individuals, it is suggested that acquisition of possibly carcinogenic dietary habits may originate, in part, from innate deficits in physiological feeding controls.


Adjuvant chemotherapy in primary treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. A four-drug adjuvant chemotherapy regimen (CONPADRI-I) was utilized in the primary treatment of 18 children with osteogenic sarcoma. All patients had surgical amputation for the primary lesion. The children then received cyclophosphamide, vincristine, melphalan, and adriamycin in defined combinations intermittently over a 72-week period. Of the 18 patients, 10 (55%) remain free of disease 24 months or longer from time of amputation.


Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in children with leukemia. The records of 314 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were reviewed to determine the frequency, clinical and laboratory features; contributing factors; and prognosis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Twenty-five well-documented cases of hemorrhagic cystitis were identified. While most of the affected children suffered a mild transient illness, 1 patient died as a result of bladder hemorrhage. The doses of cyclophosphamide received by these children ranged widely and did not correlate with the severity of the cystitis. The frequency of this complication did not differ significantly with sex, age or route of administration. However, cystitis was over twice as frequent in black children as in white. Nineteen of 25 cases occurred in the spring and summer months. The group of affected children did not differ significantly from a matched control group in terms of total drug dosage received, incidence of systemic toxicity, mean urine specific gravity, or overall survival.


Survival of mice with metastatic osteosarcoma treated by cyclophosphamide or radiotherapy. Dunn osteosarcoma cells injected i.v. into tumor-free isogeneic C3H/He mice resulted in artificial pulmonary metastases, which were treated by cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg/day i.p. for 3 days) or single thoracic X-ray doses of 1500 rads either 1 or 14 days after tumor cell injection. Compared to untreated controls, reduction in lung colony number and increase in life-span for the 1-day metastases were 56 and 46% for radiated mice, and 100 and greater than 367% for cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Corresponding values for 14-day metastases were 42, 26, 85, and 98%, respectively. Nine of 44 mice bearing 1-day metastases treated by cyclophosphamide are surviving greater than 340 days after treatment. Both treatments resulted in the extension of life-span and reduction of the number of lung colonies, and, in both modalities, there was a reduced antitumor effectiveness when treatment was withheld until the disease was more advanced.


Application of engineering principles in management of spinal cord injured patients. Engineering services currently being used for spine stabilization, respiratory assist, and pressure sore prevention are discussed as well as devices under development for bowel and bladder control, reduction of contractural deformities and spasticity, and electrical stimulation of paralyzed muscles. Concepts and devices for improved function are divided into categories of: orthotic devices; environmental control systems; mobility systems; page-turning devices. A wide range of engineering devices are available but strict attention must be given to medical rationale for their use.


Hormone suppression of DNA synthesis in cultured chondrocyte and osteosarcoma cell line. Recent evidence suggests that endocrine factors play an important role in the natural history of osteosarcoma. The occurrence of this tumor in the metaphysis of rapidly growing adolescents, coupled with increased female survival led to the investigation of the effects of various hormones on cultured osteosarcoma cells. The in vitro effects of physiologic concentrations of human growth hormone, 17beta estradiol, and progesterone on cultured osteosarcoma cells and chondrocytes are presented. Growth hormone significantly enhances 3H-thymidine incorporation in osteosarcoma cells and chondrocytes, in the presence of human serum. The use of other sera, culture media, or heat inactivation of the human serum abolishes this effect. Estradiol and progesterone, alone, or in combination produce significant suppression of DNA synthesis in cultured tumor cells. Several sera contain a heat-labile factor which has the capacity to block the suppressive effect of estradiol. This factor could be overcome by increasing the concentration of hormone, or by heat-inactivation of the serum. The use of hormone therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma has never been reported, despite its demonstrated value in certain other malignancies. In light of these observations and considering the poor prognosis in this disease it seems reasonable to initiate a study of adjunctive hormone therapy in osteosarcama.


Splenic irradiation in the management of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.


Disorders of neutrophil proliferation and circulations: a pathophysiological view.


Chondroblastoma of bone.

Chondroblastoma of bone. Chondroblastoma is a rare benign neoplasm of cartilaginous origin. It appears as a round or oval translucent area with a thin sclerotic rim situated most often in the epiphysis of a long bone, and occurs mainly in the 12-20 age group. It has an excellent prognosis and the radiological features should suggest the correct diagnosis. Ten cases have been reviewed in this paper. The clinical, pathological as well as the radiological features and the differential diagnosis of this entity are discussed. It is hoped that this will help in its earlier diagnosis.


Oral hygiene instruction and motivation in children using manual and electric toothbrushes. The effect of individual chairside instruction and motivation on children using either manual or electric toothbrushes was investigated. From 123 children aged 9-15 years attending the Children's Department, Eastman Dental Hospital, four groups were constructed. Group 1 acted as the control, Groups 2 and 3 used manual toothbrushes and received instruction and motivation, and Group 4 used electric toothbrushes (Touch Tronic, Teledyne Aqua Tec) and also received instruction and motivation. For all children, modified Löe and Silness' Gingival and Plaque Indices were scored, a disclosing agent applied and a prophylaxis completed. Children in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were additionally shown the disclosed plaque, and its importance was discussed. Their attempts to "get the stain off" were checked and their own brushing techniques modified. Re-examinations took place after 1 and 3 months. To estimate the reliability of the diagnosis, 172 of the 344 examinations were repeated by a second operator. The overall coefficient of correlation (between operators) was 0.8. In the control group no detectable improvement in the gingival health or oral cleanliness occurred over the 3-month study period. However, both gingival and plaque scores decreased significantly, by 35-50%, in all instructed and motivated groups within 1 month and this improvement was still observable 2 months later. There were no significant differences in improvement between motivated children using manual or electric toothbrushes.


Errors in diagnosis of approximal caries on bitewing radiographs. The number of overlapped and unreadable surfaces occurring on bitewing radiographs of 1,417 children participating in a clinical trial was recorded. Of erupted surfaces, only 73.3% were completely visible to both participating examiners. Interexaminer and intraexaminer reproducibility ratios were calculated according to the F.D.I. recommendations. The ratios obtained in the present study ranged from 0.06 to 0.36. Almost 57% of approximal cavities were diagnosed on radiographic examination only: 21% were diagnosed clinically, but were not apparent on the radiographs.


Caries preventive effect of a fluoride-containing varnish (Duraphat) after 1 year's study. The caries prophylactic effect of semi-annual applications of a fluoride-containing varnish (Duraphat) was tested in 121 15-year-old children. The children were divided into a test (60 subjects). The teeth of the children in the test group were coated with fluoride varnish at the beginning of the experimental period and again 6 months later. A clinical and radiographic examination of all children was performed immediately prior to the first application of varnish and 1 year later. The mean caries increment was 0.9 new DMFS in the test group and 4.0 in the control group. The difference was statistically significant at the 0.1% level. The caries prophylactic effect on different tooth surfaces was statistically significant both on proximal and on occlusal surfaces at the 0.1% level. Analyzing the material with respect to the caries prophylactic effect against the background of caries prevalence at the start of the investigation showed a better effect in the group of children with low and medium initial DMFS values.


Tooth loss in South Australia.

Tooth loss in South Australia. A survey of approximately 8,300 subjects in the State of South Australia indicated that approximately 228,400 South Australians aged 15 years and over (26%) were edentulous and, of these, 95% wore full maxillary and mandibular dentures. The proportion of edentulous subjects increased with age and was lower in males, upper socioeconomic groups, immigrants and in the State capital.


An epidemiologic study of osteogenic sarcoma in Malaysia. Incidence in urban as compared with rural environments and in each of three separate racial groups, 1969-1972. To explore the possibility that environmental and/or genetic factors may yield clues to the etiology of osteogenic sarcoma, an epidemiologic retrospective study of all cases of osteogenic sarcoma in a country with clear geographic and racial variables (Malaysia) was conducted covering a 4-year period. Sixty-eight cases were identified (+85% of the predicted total). The incidence (cases per 100,000 population per year) was 0.11 in Malay, 0.23 in the Chinese, and 0.23 in the Indian. The urban versus rural incidence in the Malay was 0.22 versus 0.09, and in the Chinese 0.31 versus 0.18. The Indian population was too small when dividied into urban and rural segments to be significant.


Establishment and alkaline phosphatase activity of clonal cell lines of murine osteosarcomas. A preliminary study. Clonal cell lines of murine osteosarcomas were established and have been maintained in vitro for over a year. By implanting these cultured cells into mice, osteosarcomas, whose histological picutres were exactly the same as those of the original tumors, were easily reproduced. The cultured cells of murine osteosarcomas contain an extremely high level of alkaline phosphatase activity. The cells also secrete a great amount of extracellular alkaline phosphatase in culture media.


Acute leukaemia in a 4-week-old child (case report).


Cytokinetics of human acute leukemia before and after chemotherapy.


Task force on budgetary study.

Task force on budgetary study.


The medium is the message.

The medium is the message.


Complete investment--a phosphate bonded system.


Expanded duties for dental assistants.

Expanded duties for dental assistants.


The manufacture and fitting of artificial eyes.


The mechanics and physical properties of wires.


Patients at large--Part 2.

Patients at large--Part 2.


The surgery of orbital floor fractures.

The surgery of orbital floor fractures.


Lingual splinting and interosseous fixation for early mobilization of mandibular symphysis/condyle fractures.


Certain patterns of karyotype evolution in chronic myelogeneous leukaemia. Chromosome abnormalities in CML. The study of chromosome banding pattern of leukaemic cells in 15 patients with CML revealed t(9;22) in all cases. Similar additional chromosome abnormalities were observed in the terminal stage of the disease in 5 of 9 patients with aneuploid cell lines. The most frequent abnormalities were i(17q) and trisomy 8. The regularities of karyotype evolution in the terminal stage of CML are discussed.


Issues in the psychotherapy of adolescents.


Approaches and developments in the study of attitudes to death; descriptions of meetings with physicians and impressions of their attitude on this subject.


Scared and scarred--psychological aspects in the treatment of soldiers with burns.


A vulnerable point on human chromosome 3 in myeloproliferative disorders?


Chronic erythraemic myelosis with unstable hemoglobin (report of a case).


How does the professional cope with inflation? Part I. A maverick's view.


How does the professional cope with inflation? Part I. Inflation--an economist's viewpoint.


Endodontic therapy for first permanent molars in preadolescents.


One appointment endodontic treatment.

One appointment endodontic treatment.


How does the professional cope with inflation? Part II. An investor's view.


Periodontics in general dentistry.

Periodontics in general dentistry.


Radiographic manifestations of malignant mixed uterine tumors. Malignant mixed uterine tumors have a varied radiographic appearance. The primary tumor is usually evident as an enlarged uterus, frequently with localized, faint, punctate calcification. New or increasing calcification within an enlarging uterus of a postmenopausal female should raise the suspicion of mixed malignant uterine tumor. Metastases are common, and usually involve the lung, most often becoming apparent quite rapidly. The pattern of pulmonary metastases is varied from large masses to lymphangitic spread, hilar lymph nodes and pleural effusions being common. Calcification within pulmonary secondaries may occur and cavitation has been observed.


The increase in dental disease in the northern states of Nigeria and its manpower implications. An epidemiological survey of dental decay was carried out in the six northern states of Nigeria on a population sample of 1396. The average number of decayed, missing and filled (DMF) teeth per person for the whole sample was 2-7. The percentage of caries-free persons was 47-1. Dental decay was more severe and widespread in the cities, where the mean DMF value was 2-8 and 42 per cent were caries-free, than in the villages, where the mean DMF value was 2-0 and 66-9 per cent were caries-free. The mean DMF index for the age group 10-19 years (which formed nearly 60 per cent of the sample) was 3-1, and untreated dental decay alone almost entirely accounted for this figure. This amount of untreated dental disease is an indication of the lack of dental treatment available as a consequence of the shortage of dental manpower, since only 15 dentists are available for a population of 28 800 000 in this area. Examination of the dietary habits of the population studied showed a remarkable level of consumption of sweets and sweet foods both in villages and cities. Overall, no fewer than 87 per cent of the people admitted to taking these cariogenic foods as snacks between meals. These habits are sufficient to explain the alarmingly increased incidence of dental decay and the decline in the number of caries-free persons when compared with earlier studies. This is an unhappy augury for the future dental health of Nigeria. The evidence of deterioration of dental health makes a national programme of dental health education and preventive dental treatment a matter of urgency. This necessitates a considerable increase in dental manpower if the population is to receive the maximum benefit.


Studies of mandibular movements in speech. A method of transducing mandibular movements in speech using synchro-transmitters is described. Incisal occlusion was shown to have an important part to play in the amount and direction of jaw movement. Mandibular positions were shown to be precise and repeatable, especially for the 's' sound. Insertion of intra-oral appliances of varying dimensions did not have a significant effect on this positional precision. It is anticipated that the precision of vertical dimension determination during full denture construction will not be influenced by the dimensions of the intra-oral appliances.


Effect of a quinine-adulterated diet upon body weight maintenance in male rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Male rats offered a quinine-adulterated diet after receiving either ventromedial hypothalamic or sham lesions displayed nearly identical periods of anorexia before maintaining their body weight at a stable but reduced level. When starved prior to surgery to a body weight below this reduced maintenance level, both ventromedial hypothalamic and control animals displayed an intial period of rapid weight gain on the quinine-adulterated diet. When subsequently offered only this diet for an 8-wk period, both groups, after castration, maintained the same reduced level of body weight. Thus, ventromedial hypothalamic animals overeat and become obese on palatable diets, but defend the same lower weight level as controls when challenged with unpalatable diets. Impairment of a mechanism setting the upper, but not the lower, weight limits is responsible for the greatly expanded range of body weights generated in the ventromedial hypothalamic animal by manipulation of diet palatability.


A note on the variation in the timing of deciduous tooth eruption. A survey was carried out on the timing of deciduous tooth eruption based upon 3600 Caucasian children in three heterogeneous samples from Birmingham, Sheffield and Gloucester and a small more or less homogeneous sample from Biddulph (North Staffordshire). These data were compared with the eruption times derived from a sample of 600 British Negro children. Generally, the deciduous teeth of Negroes erupted before those of Caucasians, although the actual eruption times in each sample exhibited a greater degree of variability than is appreciated by most dental workers.


Transverse bend testing of denture base polymers. A test rig has been designed for transverse bend testing on the Instron machine. The rig is a robust, accurately machined piece of equipment that enables this test to be carried out with accuracy and ease. A range of denture base polymers has been tested under similar conditions to the ISO standard recommendations (ISO/R 1567, 1974), and in this series all the materials except 3 satisfied the criteria laid down in the standard. The specimens were tested in water after 1 month because it has been shown previously that the materials are almost fully saturated at that time (Stafford and Huggett, 1973). Nevertheless, this immersion in water may also weaken the material and this could account for the failure of some materials to pass the standards criteria.


Telemetry and the study of vertical jaw relations. A method of monitoring vertical jaw separation over extended periods by radiotelemetry is given. The patterns of mandibular movement evoked by different activities such as rest, work, sleep and swallowing and the effect of a bite-raising splint are described. The influence of gravity and friction on mandibular rest position is discussed. The results were consistent with the view that the rest position of the mandible is determined by passive soft tissue balance, but subject to overriding muscular control as shown when a bite-raising splint was worn.


The reaction of rabbit tissues to implanted vitreous carbon. Vitreous carbon, an allotropic form of carbon, may have a potential for the construction of implants. This paper describes experiments which have been conducted to assess tissue reactions to the material when it is inserted into bone. Implants were prepared with mean surface roughness values of 2-1 and 2-9 mum, and placed in the mandible and iliac crest of the pelvic bone of rabbits. The animals were killed after periods of up to 1 year, and the implant and surrounding tissues dissected out. The specimens were embedded in a resin and prepared for examination by light microscopy. Observations have been made on the tissue reactions in the two implantation sites, the effect of the surface textures and the significance of implant movement. The material excited very little tissue reaction and did not appear to be degraded.


Polynomial and catenary curve fits to human dental arches. Polynomial and catenary equations were fit by least square error methods to the dentitions of seven children with "normal" occlusion. Mean and mean square error were then used to analyze accuracy of curve fits and asymmetries of arches. A lack of congruency for the "lines of occlusion" common to the maxilla and mandible suggest that the defining anatomic landmarks are inaccurate. These analyses show that the coefficients of the sixth degree polynomial equations appear to have potential as clinical indicators of arch form and, perhaps, malocclusion.


Gelation of polyacrylic acid aqueous solutions and the measurement of viscosity. A simple method is described for following changes in viscosity of concentrated aqueous solutions of polycarboxylic acids used in certain dental cements. The difference in behavior over several months between solutions of polyacrylic acid and related polyelectrolytes is discussed.


Biosynthesis of collagen in isolated periodontal ligament. This study showed that the excised periodontal ligament from humans and hamsters actively synthesizes protein, as measured by 14C-proline incorporation, when incubated in vitro for periods of 30 minutes to six hours. However, only a small percentage of the protein synthesized was collagen.


Initiation of cracks in dental amalgam.

Initiation of cracks in dental amalgam. The force required to initiate cracks in dental amalgam beams was measured and related to the microstructure. The force measured was dependent on age and on the distribution of phases on the tension side of the beam. The Ag-Cu phase is most resistant to failure in Dispersalloy and an experimental alloy.


Continuous in vitro measurement of mouse salivary gland enzymes. A perifusion chamber technique is described that permits continuous measurement of the in vitro release of salivary enzymes from slices of mouse salivary glands responding to various stimuli. Kinetics of amylase secretion differed from those of esterase, which suggests that the secretory processes differ for these two enzymes.


Compressive viscoelastic properties of human dentin: I. Stress-relaxation behavior. Stress-relaxation measurements were performed on specimens of radicular human dentin. The relaxation modulus showed a linear dependence on the logarithm of time and the approximation to the logarithmic distribution function of relaxation times was used to predict the behavior of other viscoelastic properties. This experimental technique provides significant criteria for the design of polymeric restorative and prosthetic materials.


Feulgen microspectrophotometry of oral cancer and leukoplakia. Feulgen microspectrophotometry was performed using the two wavelength method on 33 lesions and showed that five of ten carcinomas and 12 of 16 leukoplakias had diploid cell lines. This correlates well with similar findings in cervical cancer and dysplasia suggesting that changes in nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid content occur quite early in the evolution of cancer.


Lip and tongue pressures related to dental arch and oral cavity size in Australian aborigines. Although the oral cavity and dental arches of the Australian aborigine are large, studies of lingual and labial pressures indicate that the tongue is neither unusually large nor strong. The Australian aborigine's pharyngeal cavity is smaller in height and depth than that of the American; just the opposite is true for the oral cavity. To the extent that environmental factors are important at all, the resting pressure of the lips, not tongue pressure during swallowing, is probably the significant determinant of dental arch dimensions.


Lingual ascorbic acid test: poor correlation with blood and tissue levels of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs. The lingual ascorbic acid test, based on the reduction and decolorization of the blue dye, 2,6-dichloroindophenol sodium, was evaluated in a group of guinea pigs conditioned to have a wide range of ascorbic acid levels in the tissues. The test did not correlate well with ascorbic acid levels in either blood or tissue.


Letters to the editor: Comments on "factor analysis of comprehensive examinations".


Colorado's tuition policy: admissions filter or distant thunder?


Editorial: The postdoctoral opportunity.


A learner-centered approach to dental education.


Academic reinforcement program.

Academic reinforcement program.


Effects of anti-inflammatory steroids on mouse embryonic movements during palatal development. The frequency of spontaneous embryonic muscular movements was recorded for embryos from mice treated with cortisone or triamcinolone. Movement was significantly reduced in A/J strain mouse embryos exposed to these anti-inflammatory agents. Cleft palates induced by the drugs may originate from failure of the embryonic tongue to be withdrawn from between the palatine shelves.


Dynamic mechanical properties of maxillofacial materials. Six maxillofacial materials were evaluated by determining their dynamic properties with use of a Goodyear Vibrotester. The dynamic modulus, internal friction, and dynamic resilience were measured for all materials over a temperature range of -15 to 37 C. The dynamic modulus ranged from 11.1 to 124.8 kg/cm2 and the dynamic resilience varied from 1.1 to 63.5%.


Effect of solvents on cutaneous penetration of acridine orange.


Desired competencies and employment prospects for educational research personnel in schools of dental medicine.


Letter: Alternate treatment.

Letter: Alternate treatment.


Comparison between sucrose and lactulose in a suspended salivary system.


Effect of prenatal, preeruptive, and posteruptive strontium administration on dental caries in hamster molars.


Photoelastic model for occlusal force analysis.


Letter: Endo research challenged.

Letter: Endo research challenged.


Relative effects of ammonium fluoride and acidulated phosphate fluoride solutions on human enamel.


Letter: Vitamin E benefits.

Letter: Vitamin E benefits.


Continuing education: attitudes, interests, and experiences of practicing dentists. This study was designed to examine the determinants of interest in formal continuing education courses of two different types, clinical and practice oriented. Major findings were (1) practice-oriented and clinically oriented courses differed in attractiveness among different segments of the dental profession, (2) interest in courses of a clinical nature was higher and more widespread throughout the proffession than was interest in management courses, and (3) half of the dentists supported mandatory continuing education for renewal of licenses, but 56% opposed a requirement that examinations in those courses be successfully completed. Interest in practice-related courses was related to age, income, use of allied health personnel, journal reading, and participation in study clubs. Clinically related courses were slightly more attractive to the sample than were practice-oriented courses, but current offerings of this type are less attractive to specialists than to general practitioners. Clinical courses generally appeal to the more active segments of the profession, and interest is associated with journal reading, participation in study clubs, and attendance at dental meetings. The appeal of clinical titles was more universal than that of management titles. Few background and practice characteristics were correlated with desire to keep up with the field, and those correlations that existed were smaller than those relating these variables to interest in practice; the only exception was specialization, as was noted above. Support for mandatory continuing education without examination as a requirement for relicensure was substantial. Further, no significant cleavages on this issue could be associated with any of the background or practice characteristics which were studied, a finding that indicate the existence of broad-based consensus in the sample.


Letter: Urges same degree.

Letter: Urges same degree.


Letter: Fight sugar.

Letter: Fight sugar.


Letter: Response on implantology.

Letter: Response on implantology.


Letter: Reason for license.

Letter: Reason for license.


Effects of tongue brushing on tongue coating and dental plaque scores.


Canadian Inuit caries experience 1969-1973.


Short-term stress-relaxation behavior of nonmetallic restoratives. The rheological behavior of five nonmetallic dental materials was studied. Short-term stress relaxation was found to be strongly dependent on time and temperature. Relaxation behavior of the test materials conformed well to simple mathematical models.


Letter: Student payback--loan?

Letter: Student payback--loan?


Letter: Recommends ADA library.

Letter: Recommends ADA library.


In vitro wear response of composite resin, amalgam, and enamel. A two-body, wear-testing method was developed and the test results were used for comparing and ranking the rate of wear for an amalgam, an experimental composite resin, and a commercial composite resin. The ranking of wear found by this method was the same as that shown by clinical research for the rate of wear of amalgam and commercial composite resin.


Fluoride in dog parotid saliva after intravenous administration of sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, and calcium fluoride. Sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, or calcium fluoride, in amounts equivalent to 0.5 mg/kg, were given intravenously to dogs and the effect on parotid saliva F was determined. Significant (P less than 0.01) differences in saliva F levels were related to the ionization of NaF, the hydrolysis of the PO3F ion, and the insolubility of CaF2.


Letter: Report poor work.

Letter: Report poor work.


Letter: Opposes compulsory rules.

Letter: Opposes compulsory rules.


Distribution of mercury in the rat after long-term exposure to vapors.


Fractographic index to the matrix strength of two-phase acrylic polymers.


Objectivity is not enough.

Objectivity is not enough.


Dentistry in a greenhouse.

Dentistry in a greenhouse.


Comparison of the effects of two handpiece locations on dental team performance. Using audiovisual tapes of 150 actual dental treatment sessions, five dental teams working with handpieces positioned in the 8-o'clock location were compared with five dental teams working with hand pieces positioned in the 12-o'clock location. Criteria used for analysis were frequency and duration of instrument transfer, critical incidents that interfered with instrument movements, and subjective responses of the dental team members. The data showed that the handpiece transfers were faster and more frequent in the 12-o'clock location where they were done via the assistant. However, the reverse was true for transfers of the three-way syringe. Most critical incidents occurred with equal frequency and were common to both rooms, but some were related to instrument location. The subjective responses indicated that the assistant working with the 12-o'clock instrument location had many more tasks and must be more highly trained.


Nasolabial cyst: report of case.

Nasolabial cyst: report of case. A case of a nasolabial cyst in a woman has been presented; this case adds to the findings that the majority of these lesions are seen in women. The diagnosis of the lesion was complicated by the presence of a radiolucent lesion, and this required the inclusion of other lesions in the differential diagnosis. The presence of S aureus, considered as normal nasal flora, precluded the use of a radiopaque contrast medium to delineate the presence of a nasolabial cyst. Surgical removal of the cyst has achieved a satisfactory result.


Stability of upper face height-total face height ratio with increasing age.


Women in dentistry--a review of the literature. In the dental profession, the percentage of women has not changed appreciably over the last 50 years. Today, about 3.5% of the nation's dentists are women. In 1920, 3% of the dentists in this country were women. This review will examine some of the issues as they pertain to women in dentistry and as they refer to these topics: the situation of female dental students and female dentists in this country; reasons why more women are not attracted to dentistry; and suggestions for recruitment efforts to increase the number of women in the dental profession.


Instructions for patients--a positive factor in removable partial denture service. Studies have shown that improper wearing and care of removable partial dentures may adversely affect abutment teeth and associated periodontal tissues. A comprehensive removable partial denture service should include not only accurate construction of the prosthesis, but also printed instructions for the patient. Printed instructions help to inform the patient that delivery of removably partial dentures is only a part of our health service designed to maintain good oral health. A text of such concise printed information and instructions for the patient is presented.


The individual with a pacemaker in the dental environment. A systematic examination of the potential hazards of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers in patients in the dental environment was carried out with the use of several pulse generators of three manufacturers. Only one model was affected by the dental operatory equipment tested. In two of three patients 2-second periods of asystole were noted: this was accompanied by symptoms in one. Permanent pacemakers implanted in three dogs were unaffected by short or sustained stimulation with pulp vitality testers. A permanent pacemaker implanted in one dog was unaffected by short or sustained stimulation with an ultrasonic cleaner. Reliance on severe symptoms alone is a poor method of assessing interference in the clinical situation. Guidelines for protection of the patient wearing a pacemaker in the dental environment are given.


A two-year clinical dental evaluation of 200 cases of chronic headache: the craniocervical-mandibular syndrome. The procedure of diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in 200 patients referred from a headache unit is detailed. The condition is viewed as an orthopedic imbalance, and occlusal therapy and the administration of muscle relaxants are used in treatment.


An analysis of 1,331 sedations using inhalation, intravenous, or other techniques. The safety and efficacy of various sedative techniques was studied. Inhalation sedation provided the mainstay of anxiety control, whereas intravenous and combination techniques were reserved for more difficult patients or procedures. Pooled data from all techniques yielded an 87% effectiveness rate and 93% patient acceptance rate. Sedation was less often effective in persons with poorer health status than in healthy persons. Complications encountered were few, rarely of serious potential, and easily managed. Nitrous oxide sedation was effective 88.5% of the time and usually at concentrations of 50% or less. The safety and efficacy of intravenous, oral, combination, and especially inhalation sedation given by individuals not formally trained in general anesthesia appears to be confirmed. No correlation of side effects to a specific technique of administration or to patients suffering significant medical disorders could be established. However, more data need to be obtained in this area before firm conclusions can be made.


Council classifies fluoride mouthrinses. Council on Dental Therapeutics.


Council announces classification of additional fluoride preparations. Council on Dental Therapeutics.


Understanding insurance. Council on Insurance.


Position statements from the Council on Dental Research.


A new, surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine. I. Studies on immunogenicity in hamsters. The ability of a new, surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine to induce serum antibody in hamsters, and to protect these hamsters against subsequent homologous virus challenge, is reported. In addition, similar studies in hamsters have also been carried out using the surface antigen material prior to adsorption to the aluminium hydroxide carrier. The new, adsorbed vaccine is at least as effective as inactivated saline influenza virus vaccine in inducing serum antibody and protection in hamsters; the unadsorbed surface antigen material, however, did not confer protection to hamsters challenged subsequently with homologous virus.


A new surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine. II. Studies in a volunteer group. A group of 23 volunteers were each inoculated with 600 CCA of a new form of influenza virus A/England/42/72 vaccine; this vaccine consisted of purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens adsorbed to alhydrogel. No significant reactions to the vaccine were reported. Twenty-two volunteers produced increased titres of serum HI antibody, and all showed increased titres of NI antibody after immunization. Thus, for volunteers with no pre-immunization serum HI antibody, the geometric mean titre of serum antibody increased from 1/5 to 1/196 after immunization. Ten volunteers developed local neutralizing antibody after immunization; this antibody response was detected most frequently in volunteers who showed the greater serum antibody response to immunization, and in nasal washings with the higher concentrations of protein and IgA. Ten weeks after immunization, the vaccinees and a group of matched controls were inoculated intranasally with attenuated A/England/42/72 virus. Evidence of infection with the challenge virus was found in 14 of the control subjects and in one of the vaccinees. The results indicate that the surface-antigen-adsorbed vaccine induced high titres of serum antibody, and gave significant protection against challenge infection.


Type-specific action of vibriocidal antibody on Vibrio cholerae. The vibriocidal activity of Inaba and Ogawa antisera, from which cross-reacting agglutinin had been absorbed, was specific for Vibrio cholerae strains of the homologous serotype. No vibriocidal action against strains of the heterologous type was detected. The sera appeared to be equally effective in killing organisms of different biotypes (classical, intermediate, and EITor), provided that these were of the homologous serotype (Inaba or Ogawa). However, they had been raised against strains of the classical biotype only; and sera resulting from immunization with other biotypes had not been prepared. The implications of these findings in immunity to cholera are discussed.


Characteristics of a Kenyan camelpox virus. A virus was isolated from pock-like vesicular eruptions of camels in Northern Kenya. This virus was shown to be a pox virus with many characteristics of members of the Orthopox group. It appears to be identical with camelpox strains from Iran and has similar properties to certain East African variola strains.


Comparative trials of live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines. Comparative clinical trials of live attenuated and detergent-split subunit influenza virus vaccines were undertaken with 1048 volunteers in Western Australia. Volunteers were divided into three main groups, each of which received either live virus vaccine or a saline control administered intranasally, or subunit vaccine injected subcutaneously. No differences were recorded between the three groups in their post-vaccination symptoms. Serum samples were collected at various times up to 50 weeks after vaccination, and antibody titres were measured by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests and, for 231 volunteers, by virus neutralization tests. The two vaccines were almost equivalent in inducing seroconversion in vaccinees with pre-trial HI titres of 96 or less, but the subunit vaccine stimulated a higher geometric mean HI antibody titre. The longevity of the HI antibody response was greater for the live virus vaccine. The height of the response and the longevity of neutralizing antibody were the same for both vaccines. Both vaccines provided a high degree of protection against epidemic A/England/42/72 influenza, and some protection against A/Port Chalmers/1/73 influenza.


Autoclaves and their dangers and safety in laboratories. Using a laboratory downward displacement vertical autoclave with the help of thermocouples recorded on a 12 point multichannel strip recorder, the risk of failing to sterilize laboratory discard buckets has been demonstrated. The use of proper temperature and time controls can prevent this risk. A load in a bucket with perforated sides is more easily sterilized than in a solid bucket. Wire baskets, where appropriate, facilitate the sterilizing practice. The addition of water to a bucket does not reduce the time of heating up. It is desirable that sealed bottles of media should not be sterilized in simple downward displacement autoclaves, but if used, strict monitoring of temperatures and times is essential both in the heating up stage and especially in the cooling stage. The temperatures in bottles are slow to rise and very slow to fall. Bottles at high temperature 80-105 degrees C. or over have a high internal pressure which can allow the bottles to explode when subjected to thermal shock if removed too early. It is suggested that all laboratory autoclaves should have a load temperature simulator or similar device to control the temperature of the load during the cycle automatically. For the sterilization of fluid media, it is suggested that, in addition to a simulator there should be accelerated cooling to reduce damage to the media and, what is more important, to rapidly bring down the temperature and thus the internal pressure in the bottles to a safe level. The opening of the sterilizer door or lid should be automatically controlled by the load temperature simulator.


Airborne infection in a fully air-conditioned hospital. IV. Airborne dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus and its nasal acquisition by patients. Studies in a newly built hospital furnished with complete air conditioning where most of the patients are nursed in 6-bed rooms showed that the transfer of air from one patient room to another was very small, especially when there was substantial flow of air in a consistent direction between the patient rooms and the corridor, and that the direct transfer of airborne particles was even less. There was, however, no evidence of any reduction in the rates of nasal acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus compared with those to be found in naturally ventilated hospitals. The numbers of Staph. aureus found in the air of a given room that appeared to have originated from patient carriers in other rooms were many times greater than could be accounted for by direct airborne transfer. Although there was evidence that many carriers were not detected, detailed study showed that this excess transfer to the air of other rooms was genuine. It seems probable on the basis of investigations in this hospital and elsewhere that this excess transfer occurs indirectly, through dispersal from the clothing of the nursing and medical staff into the air of another room of strains with which their outer clothes have become contaminated while dealing with patients. Reduction in direct airborne transfer of micro-organisms from one room to another, whether by ventilation or other means, can only be of clinical advantage if transfer by other routes is, or can be made, less than that by the direct airborne route.


Estate planning for the successful dentist.


Hypercalcemia and its prognostic implications in chronic myelogenous leukemia. A case report.


Malpractice dilemma.

Malpractice dilemma.


Whether or not.

Whether or not.


Persistence of antibody induced by rubella vaccine (Wistar RA 27/3 strain) after six years. A total of 21 rubella seronegative children vaccinated subcutaneously with Wistar RA 27/3 strain live attenuated rubella vaccine in a family study of vaccine virus transmissibility were reviewed after 6 years. Haemagglutinating inhibiting (HAI) antibody titres of sera collected 46 days, 2 years and 6 years after vaccination were compared. Antibody titres in the vaccinated subjects were not significantly influenced by time, infection in susceptible siblings or revaccination.


A lesson in criminal law.

A lesson in criminal law.


Insolubilized enzymes and other proteins. A review.


Amnion autografts, permanent structure.

Amnion autografts, permanent structure. Autografts of amniotic membrane were used to form tubes or conduits in lambs. These conduits survived for periods up to 9 months. The possibility of a clinical application has been explored.


Lupoid hepatitis, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, clubbing cyanosis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Chronic liver disease typical of chronic active 'lupoid' hepatitis together with cyanosis, clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a 42-year-old female is described. In addition she had severe nose bleeds, gastro-intestinal haemorrhages, syncopal attacks with generalised convulsive seizures, pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae as manifestations of Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome. A study of the literature revealed that similar associations are far more frequent than can be attribtued to chance. Possible mechanisms of the cyanosis, clubbing and osteoarthropathy and possible common pathogenesis for these seemingly unrelated disorders are discussed.


Erythropoietin activity in acutely uremic mice. Erythropoietic activity produced by exogenous erythropoietin (Ep) is markedly reduced in Swiss mice rendered uremic by bilateral nephrectomy or bilateral ureteral ligation. Exogenous Ep causes a greater increase in erythropoiesis in germfree Swiss mice as compared with non-germfree mice, but the germfree mice show a more drastic reduction of erythropoiesis in uremia. Heme production in blood, spleen, and femoral marrow retains its typical pattern in uremia; there is no shift of erythropoiesis among the three sites. Production of endogenous Ep in uremic mice is less by a factor of 2-3 than that in intact mice whereas the reduction is by a factor of almost 100 in anephric mice. The data suggest that the anemia associated with uremia is the result of two phenomena: (1) a decreased production of Ep and (2) a diminished erythropoietic response to Ep.


Tumor-specific transplantation immunity to intracerebral challenge with cells from a methylnitrosourea- induced brain tumor. Tumor-specific transplantation immunity was demonstrated in syngenic rats immunized and challenged with tumor cells (T9) from an N-methyl N-nitrosourea-induced brain tumor. All unimmunized rats and rats pretreated with normal glial cells in complete Freund's adjuvant or with adjuvant alone died of intracerebral (i.c.) neoplasia at approximately 3 weeks post-challenge. Rats which were immunized with T9 cells with or without adjuvant failed to develop i.c. tumors by 6 weeks even though the challenge dose was 2 logs greater than a dose which consistently resulted in neoplasia in unimmunized rats.


Effects of abrin and ricin on mammalian cells in tissue culture.


Permanent transvenous demand pacemaker in clinical practice at the National Taiwan University Hospital.


Interactions between ketamine and other drugs.


A clinical report on 50 mentally ill offenders.


Acupuncture: its effect on somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials in man.


Effect of physical therapy for peripheral facial palsy.


Opsonic capacity of serum in uremic patients.


Cardiovascular actions of cyclohexylammonium 3,6-pyridazinediolate.


Survey on goiter of the school children in Kaohsiung City. Report I. Survey before the fluoridation of drinking water.


Augmented radioactivity on bone scans of limbs bearing osteosarcomas. Thirteen patients with biopsy-proven osteosarcomas were studied with 99mTc-labeled bone-scanning agents. In addition to the dense areas of abnormal uptake corresponding to the tumors, ten patients exhibited a relative increase of radioactivity at the ends of the long bones of the affected extremities. Several of these areas were included in the surgical specimens but no tumor cells were found.


Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the brain. Case report. The authors report a case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the brain. Negative autopsy findings, complete bone radiographs, and bone-scanning techniques were consistent with a primary tumor focus in the right temporopietal region of the brain. The authors suggest an origin from a primitive multipotential mesenchymal cell.


Subcutaneous sparganosis--a case report.


Letters to the editor: What is maxillofacial surgery--who are maxillofacial surgeons?


Editorial: The art and science of orthognathic surgery.


Salivary gland carcinoma of the palate.

Salivary gland carcinoma of the palate. Results of a detailed study of the clinical features, histology, management, and prognosis of palatal carcinoma of salivary origin in 30 patients are presented. These were compared to a larger series of salivary carcinoma at other sites, and to the known behavior of epidermoid carcinoma of the palate. The prognosis was significantly better for lesions of the palate. Results of treatment were also much better for these salivary gland lesions than for epidermoid carcinoma of the palate. The frequent occurrence and seemingly greater malignancy of adenoid cystic carcinoma at this anatomic site are stressed. Several patients with primary bone involvement survived, but local recurrence in the maxilla carried a graver prognosis. There was no definite indication that radiotherapy altered the course of the disease, and nothing to suggest that prophylactic neck dissection is of value. On the basis of the evidence presented, there is little to justify more radical excision than the clinical extent of the lesion would indicate, with the probable exception of adenoid cystic carcinoma, where a more aggressive approach may well prevent death from cancer.


Management of orofacial infection in patients with chronic renal disease. Chronic renal failure with resulting imbalance of electrolytes complicated the treatment of a patient with acute facial cellulitis that resulted from a carious molar. The patient's condition improved significantly after three days of hospitalization with meticulous medical and surgical care. He was able to return home after five days.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 12, part 2. Giant fibromyxoma of the mandible.


Modified technique for palatal mucosal grafts in mandibular labial vestibuloplasty.


Insulated suction tube for coagulation of inaccessible vessels.


Survival of an oral surgery patient with malignant hyperthermia. Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Its cause is not precisely known but it appears to be related to a genetic defect that allows increased release or decreased reaccumulation of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum whech then results in a hypermetabolic state. As with any unexpected complication when a patient is  under general anesthesia, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. The early clinical signs that the surgeon and anesthesiologist shoulc be alert to are unexplained tachycardia, unexplained tachypnea, muscular rigidity, and increased temperature. Therapy should be accurate and immediate. The essentials of therapy are discontinuance of the anesthetic agent; immediate, active, and aggressive cooling; administration of procaine or procaine amide, 1 mg/kg/min until the pulse slows; correction of electrolyte and acid-base imbalances; maintenance of urinary output with furosemide and large volumes of fluids, intravenously; and supportive care. A thorough knowledge of the management of malignant hyperthermia ahd the pathophysiology of the complications that may occur with general anesthesia will allow the oral surgeon to fully meet his obligations to his patients.


Transport and storage of human teeth in vitro for autotransplantation and replantation. A method has been devised for transporting and storing human teeth in vitro for autotransplantation and replantation. In the transplantation and replantation of accidentally lost teeth, the viability of the cells covering the root is of vital importance. Injury of the jaw and contamination of the tooth often prevent immediate replantation. To enable transportation and storage of teeth while maintaining viability of the periodontal ligament during the healing period after trauma, the following technique was worked out. With use of a transport medium and a tissue-culture technique, 35 human teeth were transported long distances (20 hours) to a tissue-culture laboratory and preserved for different periods of time. Three teeth were lost because of contamination. Twenty-one of the teeth were cultivated in tissue-culture medium at 37 C for four weeks; 11 of the teeth were stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 C for 27 weeks. After transportation and storage, it was possible to maintain the viability of the cells of the periodontal membrane of the teeth. Two cases are described wherein immediate transplantation and replantation were impossible. After transport to the laboratory, the teeth were stored for five weeks in one case and for three months in another case before replantation.


Editorial: A proper voice in health insurance programs.


Survey of maxillofacial fractures.

Survey of maxillofacial fractures.


Variation of the sella-nasion plane and its effect on SNA and SNB. The sella-nasion plane is one of the basic planes used in the cephalometric evaluation of candidates for orthognathic surgery. The relationship between SN and the Frankfort horizontal plane was studied. It was shown that as the angle between FH and SN increases, the SNA and SNB angles decrease in the normal individual. Compensation can be made for this variation by using the values presented.


Epidermolysis bullosa and associated problems in oral surgical treatment. The problems encountered in the anesthetic and oral surgical management of patients with epidermolysis bullosa are many and varied and are always challenging. Two patients with the disease, from the same family, underwent complete odontectomies. Exacerbation of the disease was prevented by hospitalization with meticulous preparation and exacting postoperative care. This is the first report in the dental literature of complete odontectomies performed on two afficted patients from one family.


Soft tissue changes associated with total maxillary advancement: a preliminary study. A retrospective investigation was performed with use of cephalometric radiographs from eight patients with anterior maxillary advancement. Soft tissue changes associated with hard tissue changes were measured. Statistical description of soft tissue behavior in the upper lip was performed using correlation coefficients, regression functions, and ratios of change in the relationship of soft tissue to hard tissue. Ratios of change in relationship of soft tissue to hard tissue for three parameters of upper lip movement are proposed for clinical use in treatment planning. Further investigation of soft tissue behavior with orthognathic surgical procedures is indicated.


Letters to the editor: Problems with informed consent.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 13, part 1.


Loss of the anterior alveolar segment after C-osteotomy and subapical ostectomy.


Intraoral stabilization of the catheter during sialography.


Letter: Cross-sensitivity and cephalosporin.


Alveolar soft-part sarcoma in the oral cavity: report of a case. This case presents a rare tumor of the oral cavity--an alveolar soft-part sarcoma. Difficulties developed in the diagnosis, and therefore, consultations were required. Because of the radioresistant qualities of the lesion, wide surgical excision was performed. The patient's condition has been followed for 40 months without evidence of recurrence. The conclusion arrived at from review of the literature is that this is an indolent but malignant tumor and has so far proved to be 100% fatal. However, it may be 20 years before it proves fatal.


A simplified method of palatal splinting.


Chain saw injury of the mandibulofacial region. Use of chain saws is hazardous. Public understanding of the hazards and of modern types of chain saws will eventually help in preventing these injuries. An injury of the mandibulofacial region resulting from a chain saw has been described with special emphasis on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management.


Candida arthritis treated with amphotericin B. This report describes a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed arthritis of the knee caused by Candida tropicalis. Systemic therapy with amphotericin B apparently suppressed but did not eliminate the infection. Resolution of the arthritis occurred only after three intra-articular injections of amphotericin B. Intra-articular administration of amphotericin B may be a useful adjunct to systemic antifungal therapy in the treatment of these infections.


Letter: What is conservative endodontics?


The effect of tissue resiliency on occlusion in complete denture prosthodontics. (1) The resiliency of the soft tissues has an effect on the occlusion of artificial teeth in complete denture prosthodontics. (2) Remount procedures with unstrained and strained interocclusal records are usually necessary to demonstrate this effect and alter the occlusion.


Survey of preventive practice by dental hygienists 1974. Part II: behavior and attitudes toward preventive practice.


Effects of artifical crown margin extension and tooth brushing frequency on gingival pocket depth. The gingival tissues adjacent to the crowned and unrestored teeth were probed to determine individual pocket depths. The findings are listed here. (1) The average pocket depth adjacent to nonrestored teeth was 2.7 mm. The average pocket depth adjacent to teeth having crowns with subgingival margins was 3.4 mm. (2) Fifty-four nonrestored teeth had at least one pocket depth greater than 3 mm., while 84 crowned teeth had at least one or more measurements greater than 3 mm. (3) No positive relationship could be found between tooth brushing frequency and the pocket depth adjacent to teeth restored with complete cast crowns. (4) In nonrestored teeth, pocket depth increased with reduced frequency of tooth brushing. (5) Pocket depth increased with increased age of (a) the patient in both restored and nonrestored teeth and (b) the cast crown.


Accurate location and relocation of casts on articulators.


Differences in the response of rodent oral mucosa and skin to repeated surface trauma. The responses of oral mucosa and skin to daily application of controlled frictional stimuli were compared. In some respects, the epithelia of both oral mucosa and skin showed similar responses: Low levels of friction resulted in epithelial thickening, and higher levels resulted in ulceration. The mucosa, however, ulcerated more readily and, unlike the skin, failed to heal if friction was reapplied. The histologic appearance of the ulcers so produced was essentially similar to that of denture-induced traumatic ulcers. Healing of ulcerated skin was associated with the formation of a hard surface scab which protected the underlying healing tissues from further frictional damage. A similar protective scab was not formed over mucosal lesions, and a thickened epithelium resistant to further frictional damage was not re-formed. The low resistance of the oral mucosa to friction and its failure to heal if friction is reapplied suggest that an analogy between the responses to friction of oral mucosa and the skin does not form a sound basis for clinical therapy.


Cast arch bars used in orthognathic surgery. Cast arch bars are designed so that they are stable, comfortable, thin, and strong enough to withstand the forces of mastication during healing. The use of chromecobalt alloys for these arch bars keeps the cost low. The alloys are well tolerated by the patient and not as cumbersome as acrylic resin splints.


7-substituted actinomycin D analogs. Chemical and growth-inhibitory studies. The synthesis and biological activity of three 7-substituted actinomycin D derivatives are reported. Three such derivatives, 7-nitro-, 7-amino-, and 7-hydroxyactinomycin D, were synthesized via new methods which were first tested successfully with a chromophore model system. Of these, 7-nitro- and 7-aminoactinomycin D were assayed for growth inhibitory activity against mammalian cells (CCRF-CEM human lymphoblastic leukemia) in vitro and against the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma and the L1210, P1534, and P388 murine leukemias in vivo. In these systems, the inhibitory activity of the 7-substituted analogs was comparable to actinomycin D. In two bacterial systems ( (L. casei and L. arabinosus) in vitro, on the other hand, these compounds showed inhibitory profiles which are distinctly different from actinomycin D. These studies demonstrate that substitution at the 7 position, which does not interfere with DNA binding, is capable of yielding experimental antitumor agents with significant activity against a variety of tumors.


Dihydrofolate reductase from Eimeria tenella: rationalization of chemotherapeutic efficacy of pyrimethamine. Dihydrofolate reductase activity of 0.2 nmole of dihydrofolate reduced/min/mg protein was detected in crude extracts of unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The enzyme was purified by a combination of affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated as 240,000 daltons. An anticoccidial drug pyrimethamine is a potent inhibitor of the activity of E. tenella dihydrofolate reductase (Ki = 3 nM), but it is less effective an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase from chicken liver. This difference may explain the in vivo therapeutic action of pyrimethamine against Coccidia.


Cranial implant problems.

Cranial implant problems. The common problems encountered during cranioplasty procedures have been reviewed and remedial procedures suggested. The problems or situations discussed include: implant selection and impressions, swelling and infection, integument thickness, distortion of plastic implants by autoclaving and seating guides, control of bleeding and swelling during operation, implant immobilization, eyebrow area involvement, dropping the implant, and inadequate skin flaps.


The effect of dextranase on oral health in children.


Nutritional deficiencies: A laboratory mystery?


Brush-In 74.

Brush-In 74.


Croup and epiglottitis. Current diagnosis and therapy.


Cardiovascular nutrition knowledge and lipid levels among New Jersey high school students.


A look at foreign medical education and the Americans who undertake it.


Occupational hyper-pigmentation via beef-carcass tattoo. Report and review.


A review of some epidemiological factors in coronary heart disease.


Cryosurgery for hemorrhoids.

Cryosurgery for hemorrhoids.


Oral hygiene in children: relationship to age and brushing time.


Therapy of hypothyroidism.

Therapy of hypothyroidism.


Pneumoperitoneum for the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the right hemidiaphragm.


New challenges in medicine.

New challenges in medicine.


Diagnosis and management of iatrogenic ureteral injuries.


Radical approach to advanced carcinoma of the head and neck by multi-disciplined team.


The development of individuality in neonates. Startle reactions to various stimuli.


Cause of incorrect value of albumin in hyperbilirubinemic serum by SMA 12/60 autoanalyzer.


Fatal pneumococcal septicemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation following splenectomy.


The use of colchicine for the treatment of familial Mediterranean fever.


Transient plasma cell dyscrasia in disseminated histoplasmosis.


Controversies in the management of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities. A questionnaire course.


Gallbladder herniation through the foramen of Winslow.


Primary care. A pluralistic approach.

Primary care. A pluralistic approach.


Informed consent--myth or mandate.

Informed consent--myth or mandate.


Cooperative study of renovascular hypertension: current status.


Renal artery surgery for renal failure and hypertension.


Studies on the pathogenesis of the malignant course of renal hypertension in rats.


Chronic renal parenchymal disease and hypertension.


Hypertension in children with chronic pyelonephritis.


Abnormalities of coagulation and the development of malignant phase hypertension.


Prostaglandins and the regulation of blood pressure.


Endocrine-type antihypertensive function of renomedullary interstitial cells.


Screening for urinary tract infection in nonpregnant women.


Effect of sodium intake on prostaglandin A, renin and aldosterone in normotensive humans.


The effects of bacteriuria in pregnancy on maternal and fetal health.


Approach to the frequency and dysuria syndrome.


Reflux nephropathy.

Reflux nephropathy.


The role of surgery in the management of vesico-ureteric reflux.


Follow-up of vesico-ureteric reflux in the newborn.


Glomerular lesions in atrophic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy.


Treatment of bacteriuria in shcoolgirls.


Natural history of covert bacteriuria in schoolgirls.


Natural history of urinary infection in adults.


Coarctation of the aorta.

Coarctation of the aorta.


Acute epiglottitis vs. organophosphate poisoning in infancy: a case report.


The status of sudden infant death syndrome (1974), and SIDS in Charleston County, South Carolina.


Sudden infant death syndrome. Progress report.


Polymyalgia rheumatica.

Polymyalgia rheumatica.


President's pages.

President's pages.


Family planning in South Carolina. A process of growth and development. In South Carolina family planning was only another and a low priority service of the county health department from the period of 1939 to 1971.  Functioning under the State Board of Health, some counties served as few as 50 to 60 people in the course of a year.  In 1965 the Office of Economic Opportunity began to make family planning grants to their local community action project agencies and under these grants family planning clinics operated in  28 counties in South Carolina through 12 projects.  In 1971 South Carolina received funding from Title X of the Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970, and the South Carolina Statewide Family Planning Program was created within the State Board of Health.  By the 3rd year there were 10 district projects covering all of South Carolina's 46 counties in operation.  As of July 1, 1974 all family planning services in South Carolina were supported by tax dollars through categorical grants and we re administered through the Statewide Family Planning Program of the South Carolina Department of Health and  Environmental Control.  A single recording system is used and all procedures are standardized.  By 1974 some 56,000 women were receiving family planning services on a regular basis.  It is now essential that program emphasis be shifted from communication about family planning to improvement of actual services.  There must be new services which include male involvement, teen services , and the use of nurse practitioners.  Rather than stressing a search for new patients, the objective now is to offer services in the most efficient and effective manner.  Although the South Carolina Statewide Family Planning Program has grown rapidly in the 4 years since its implementation, there are still many areas requiring improvement.


Management of cancer of the larynx.

Management of cancer of the larynx.


Training nurses for cancer detection.

Training nurses for cancer detection.


Chronic intussussception of Meckel's diverticulum.


Loxoscelism.

Loxoscelism.


The right to refuse treatment: expanding frontiers of civil liability for physicians.


The measurement of energies of life processes.


The South Carolina medical and dental scholarship fund.


Morris village. Prototype for treatment of drug and alcohol addiction.


An animal respirator with fluidic elements.


Internal parasites in cats.

Internal parasites in cats.


Letter: Tetrahydrocannabinol and chemotherapy.


Candidate leukaemia-specific antigen in man.


Amebic liver abscess in Vietnam returnees: report of four cases.


Letter: Another variant translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Isolation of hybrid cells that exhibit markers of erythroid differentiation.


Abdominal trauma as a cause of fetal death.


Management of reflux esophagitis with stricture.


New characteristics of harmaline inhibition of intestinal transport systems. Harmaline strongly inhibits the uptake of phenylalanine by slices of guinea-pig intestine in vitro. The lowest concentration having a significant effect is 0.1 mM. The drug also inhibits the unidirectional flux of phenylalanine from the mucosal to serosal face of the tissue provided it is added to the solution bathing the mucosal surface. The unidirectional flux of sodium from the mucosa to the serosa was similarly reduced. Ion and water absorption in the perfused dog intestine in vivo is also diminished in the presence of harmaline. These results support the hypothesis, previously proposed in view of the rapid onset of harmaline inhibition of sodium-dependent uptake mechanisms in a variety of tissues, that harmaline interacts with the sodium-site of non-electrolyte carrier complexes. The effect of harmaline on phenylalanine uptake by the intesting is duplicated by other psychotropic indole analogues. The actions of harmine and harnalol are similar to that of harmaline, despite great differences in the liposolubility of the different compounds. N:N-dimethyl-tryptamine is equally inhibitory, but serotonin is inactive. Mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide also inhibit phenylalanine transport, but to a much lesser extent than harmaline.


Blastic leukemias affecting mammary glands. Two clinical cases of blastic leukemia with tumorous infiltration of mammary gland are presented. Literature data and diagnostic problems of this type complication are discussed.


Limb salvage in ischemic lower extremity.


Skeletal remodeling physiology and its relation to metabolic bone disease.


Inventory of surgical operations for cardiac structural sequels of myocardial infarction. Part III.


Bronchiectasis. Disappearing pulmonary lesion.


Prostatic carcinoma. Treated at categorical center, 1960-1969.


Asymptomatic clavicular lesion.

Asymptomatic clavicular lesion.


Skin metastases and hepatic cancer in childhood.


Large-scale blood-screening program for hepatitis B.


Painful fabella syndrome.

Painful fabella syndrome.


Pituitary tumor with primary hypothyroidism. Possible etiologic relationship.


Clinicopathologic conference. Beekman-Downtown Hospital, New York City. Massive recurrent abdominal ascites.


Malignant blue nevus. Occurrence with aggressive behavior.


Starch granulomatous peritonitis.

Starch granulomatous peritonitis.


Gynecomastia. Interstitial cell tumor of testis as etiologic factor.


Splenic hump versus renal mass.

Splenic hump versus renal mass.


Carcinoma of thyroid gland. Associated with systemic amyloidosis and nephrotic syndrome.


Gas gangrene (abscess) of heart.

Gas gangrene (abscess) of heart.


Developmental cataracts.

Developmental cataracts.


Inferior vena cava. Roentgen appearance in tricuspid insufficiency.


Severe pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiographic pseudostenosis of mitral and tricuspid valves.


Housestaff strike. Immoral or inevitable?


Immorality of New York physicians' strike.


New York state task force on alcohol problems. Position paper on treatment.


Why physicians avoid early diagnosis of alcoholism.


Turn in pushers. Analysis and course of action.


Today's problems in penology.

Today's problems in penology.


Physician access to hospitals. Right or privilege?


Influenza and pneumonia. Aids in differential diagnosis.


Cardiovascular diseases. Role of psychogenic and behavior patterns in development and aggravation.


The military man.

The military man.


Stress, aging, and mental health.

Stress, aging, and mental health.


Diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Technique, complications, and interpretations.


Implications of stress concept.

Implications of stress concept.


Incidence of bacteriuria in high-risk neonate.


Hydrocelectomy. Evaluation of Lord's operation.


Performing second-trimester abortions. Rationale for inpatient basis. Data on abortions performed in New York State (exclusive of New York City) from July 1970-December 1972, were reviewed to determine the number of abortions performed out-of-hospital after the first trimester of pregnancy and their inherent  risks.  More than 5% of out-of-hospital abortions were done at gestational ages of 90 days-16 weeks.  The 2 methods used for second trimester abortions were saline and hysterotomy.  The overall maternal mortality rate was about twice as high for abortions done out-of-hospital regardless of the procedure or duration of the pregnancy.  For abortions done after 90 days gestation the mortality rate is 5 times greater for abortions done out-of-hospital .  The changes in the New York State abortion law requiring second trime ster abortions to be performed in hospitals was based on these data.


Immunization and disease in New York.

Immunization and disease in New York.


Surgical treatment of difficult patent ductus arteriosus. Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest.


Chronic traumatic dissecting aortic aneurysms. Four-year delay in recognition and treatment.


Intracaval umbrella filter therapy for pulmonary embolus. Long-term results.


Left ventricular power failure. Management with intraoperative unidirectional intra-aortic balloon pumping.


Clinical conference: Renal mass.

Clinical conference: Renal mass.


Electrocardiograms of the month. Atrial fibrillation.


Inventory of surgical operations for cardiac structural myocardial infarction.


Self-induced hypokalemia.

Self-induced hypokalemia.


Ostium primum atrial septal defect. Associated with mitral valve prolapse.


Trisomy D syndrome. Transmission of D/D translocation chromosome.


Recurrent iatrogenic ventricular fibrillation. Induced by malpositioned central venous catheter.


Leiomyosarcoma of superficial soft tissue with unusual metastasis.


Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Systemic embolization from nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.


Obstetrics facilities. Theoretic model in New York City borough.


Management of pacemaker malfunction.

Management of pacemaker malfunction.


Narcotic legislation in New York State.

Narcotic legislation in New York State.


Promoting patient compliance. Role of health professionals, government, and the pharmaceutical industry.


Depression in old age.

Depression in old age.


Diabetes mellitus and impaired atrioventricular conduction.


Invasive carcinoma of uterine cervix. Diagnostic and therapeutic changes.


Blood-tinged diarrhea.

Blood-tinged diarrhea.


Ectopic kidney in obstetrics and gynecology.


Quinidine syncope. Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation treated with lidocaine.


Chylous pleural effusion in acute myelomonocytic leukemia.


Cervical thymic cyst.

Cervical thymic cyst.


Osteomalacia associated with anticonvulsant drugs.


Atypical myelogenous leukemia simulating tuberculous pneumonia.


Public health. Recent developments from a county perspective.


Editorial: Dentistry and the White Paper on health.


Ethics. Modern concepts and interpretations.


Pathology of the ventral surface of the tongue.


Methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide analgesia as an aid to conservative dentistry.


Polynesian school dental therapists: community dentistry through voluntary co-operation in Western Samoa.


The quality of future dentistry.

The quality of future dentistry.


A preliminary evaluation of an acid cavity cleanser.


Trace elements in the enamel of teeth from New Zealand and the USA.


Comparative sensitivity of penicillinase producing Staphylococcus aureus to four cephalosporin antibiotics. One hundred and seven strains of penicillinase producing Staphylococcus aureus were tested for their sensitivity to four cephalosporin antibiotics--cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephradine and cephalexin. All the strains were sensitive to these antibiotics. Cephaloridine was the most effective antibiotic and cephradine the least effective as measured by their minimum inhibitory concentration. Varying the inoculum size had no significant effect on the MIC of cephradine.


The establishment of decentralised accident teams in Christchurch. The organisation, method of operation and evaluation of decentralised medical accident teams established in Christchurch is described. Results from a pilot study undertaken over two years in one area of Christchurch to assess the need for the establishment of these units are documented. The problems associated with communications, equipment and training for this work are discussed.


The partogram: a graphic guide to progress in labour. The use of the partogram of Philpott, Studd, has proved to be a very valuable aid in the early detection of abnormal progress in labour. The graphic representation of all the relevant data of the labour on one sheet of paper has been received enthusiastically by the nursing and medical staff alike and has allowed the earlier detection of abnormal patterns of labour. It is considered that the partogram should become an essential part of the documentation of labour in all patients.


Validity of corrections for creatinine excretion and creatinine clearance. Corrections of values for creatinine excretion and creatinine clearance on the basis of body weight reduce the population variation, i.e., narrow the reference range. The range is not further narrowed, however, by correcting for calculated surface area or calculated lean body mass. Corrections of creatinine clearance for body weight and calculated lean body mass remove the sex difference seen in the uncorrected clearances, but creatinine clearance corrected for surface area, although not significantly different between the sexes, give appreciably different reference ranges. These conclusions apply to individuals healthy in terms of body composition.


Man was for woman made and woman made for man. An acute bed shortage for geriatric patients two years ago resulted in a change of admitting procedure. As a result we ran a mixed sex ward as a rehabilitation unit. The nursing staff felt the atmosphere, rate of recovery and personal relationships improved from male/female company.


Editorial: Gentamicin, cephalothin and poly-antibiotic therapy.


The police and privacy of medical records.


Letter: Chronic granulomatous disease.

Letter: Chronic granulomatous disease.


Immunocytoma, cancer and other associations of monoclonal gammopathy: a review of 224 cases. The clinical, haematological and biochemical correlations of 224 consecutive unselected examples of monoclonal gammopathy have been studied. The paraprotein frequency detedted was IgG 62 percent, IgA  15.2 percent, IgM 10.3 percent, Bence Jones protein 8.9 percent and in 3.6 percent the paraproteins were not identified. In half the monoclonal gammopathy was associated with an immunocytoma (myeloma in 82 and lymphoma in 30). In three cases the associated clinical disease was amyloidosis. In 36 cases (16.1 percent) the associated clincial disease was a nonlymphoproliferative malignant tumour. Monoclonal gammopathy may be a significant marker of malignancy in such cases. In 73 cases (32.6 percent) the associated clinical conditions were unrelated to the gammopathy although only 55 of these cases were sufficiently investigated to warrant classification as examples of benign monoclonal gammopathy. There was a strong correlation between Bence Jones proteinuria and malignancy. Sixty-five patients demonstrated Bence Jones proteinuria and in 59 of these a malignancy was detected. The association was strong between hypercalcaemia and malignancy as this was present in all 27 of the cases who had hypercalcaemia. The relationship between Bence Jones proteinuria and hypercalcaemia was also strong and Bence Jones proteinuria was detected in 73 percent of the hypercalcaemic patients as opposed to 36.7 percent in the whole series. Hypercalcaemia and Bence Jones proteinuria, when found in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy have a grave clinical connotation.


Progeny, pregnancy and phenylketonuria.

Progeny, pregnancy and phenylketonuria. Two sisters were diagnosed as having phenylketonuria at the age of 13 years and eight years and having Wechsler IQs of 48-58 and 71-81 respectively. Neither girl was treated with diet. At the age of 21 years the older girl became pregnant. Her blood phenylalanine level was 23mg/100 ml. A low phenylalanine diet, instituted from the 10th week of gestation, maintained her blood phenylalanine levels below 6mg/100ml for the rest of the pregnancy. A female baby, of birth weight 3216g and normal skull size, was delivered at term. The baby died at 14 days of congenital heart disease. Pregnancy in a phenylketonuric woman carries high risks to the fetus. A generation of treated phenylketonuric girls is approaching reproductive life, and doctors and the girls themselves need to be alerted to these risks and the need for strict dietary control during pregnancy. There are probably unrecognised women in the community with phenylketonuria or with hyperphenylalaninaemia whose babies face similar risks. Identification of these women could be achieved by antenatal Guthrie testing.


Retroperitoneal mesonephric cyst: case report. A retroperitoneal cyst of mesonephric origin is presented. There may be difficulty in identifying the cause of such a cyst.


The impact of sports injuries in winter on medical services. 2529 injured sportsmen were treated at the Hutt and Wellington accident and emergency departments from 1 April to 31 August 1972. Almost two-thirds (62 percent) of these injuries were sustained during Saturday games, but only one-third (36.7 percent) of those injured presented on Saturdays. In view of the necessity to x-ray 75 percent, refer 18 percent to other hospital departments and admit 7.6 percent to hospital, a sports medicine clinic is suggested within the hospital complex. Such a clinic would ease the A and E work load and, at the same time, provide improved treatment for injured sportsmen.


Health and medicine: is there a connection? or a white paper for politicians.


Editorial: Breast cancer and rauwolfia?

Editorial: Breast cancer and rauwolfia?


Letter: Notification of malformations under the Obstetric Regulations, 1975.


Editorial: Accident compensation: the first year.


Letter: Physical fitness in New Zealand medical students.


Letter: The benefits of exercise.

Letter: The benefits of exercise.


Chronic ostitis media.

Chronic ostitis media.


'Surburban neurosis': cultural and racial effects.


Clinical assessment.

Clinical assessment.


Parents in the paediatric ward.

Parents in the paediatric ward.


Public participation in nursing.

Public participation in nursing.


In a spinal injuries unit.

In a spinal injuries unit.


Mosgiel Health Centre.

Mosgiel Health Centre.


New Zealand nurse in Vietnam.

New Zealand nurse in Vietnam.


Decision-making 'near the bed'.

Decision-making 'near the bed'.


Do you practise what is taught?

Do you practise what is taught?


The partogram: graphic guide to progress.


Change and the Plunket nurse.

Change and the Plunket nurse.


Evaluation of student nurses.

Evaluation of student nurses.


Our primary function is patient care: our primary role is clinical.


Nurses' views on the White Paper.

Nurses' views on the White Paper.


Alcoholics and their families.

Alcoholics and their families.


Editorial: Health is our business.

Editorial: Health is our business.


Discussion on school problems.

Discussion on school problems.


Editorial: A comprehensive preparation.

Editorial: A comprehensive preparation.


Positive mental health.

Positive mental health.


Psychiatric nursing: the forty-week programmes.


Canine hip dysplasia. 1: diagnosis.

Canine hip dysplasia. 1: diagnosis.


Fatty liver and kidney syndrome in New Zealand chickens.


The failure of genus-specific serological tests to detect leptospirosis in cattle and rabbits.


Brachygnathia inferior--is it heritable?


Letter: Prolapse of the penile urethra in a dog.


Letter: Hereditary neuraxial oedema of calves.


Letter: Fescue poisoning in sheep.

Letter: Fescue poisoning in sheep.


Editorial: Women in dentistry--a view from Stony Brook.


Letter: Brucella ovis vaccination of rams.


Ecology and the dentist.

Ecology and the dentist.


Swine dysentery.

Swine dysentery.


The code of ethics.

The code of ethics.


You and your family dentist.

You and your family dentist.


The crisis in malpractice insurance.

The crisis in malpractice insurance.


Letter: Intraoral x-ray examination exposures.


Letter: Dental hygienists and dental procedures.


Public education. Importance of healthy gums.


Temporary stabilization.

Temporary stabilization.


Cleidocranial dysostosis. A review and case report.


Modified lip stripping with reconstruction of a new vermilion border.


Head posture and its role in occlusion.

Head posture and its role in occlusion.


Letter: Compulsory continuing education views.


Editorial: Defensive practice--an antidote to malpractice.


Letter: Status for supervising dentists for schools.


Letter: Dental hygienists practice act.

Letter: Dental hygienists practice act.


Chemical protection against postirradiation dental caries. Experience with dental caries in twenty-four patients receiving irradiation for malignant lesions of the head and neck demonstrates the critical importance of cooperation by the patient, a program of strict oral hygiene, and daily self-treatment with 0.4 per cent stannous fluoride gel. The ravaging form of dental caries associated with the postirradiation period can be essentially eliminated in cooperating patients. In nine patients who were uncooperative, fifty-seven crowns were amputated and an additional seventy-five carious surfaces were found 3.75 years after irradiation. In six patients who cooperated and used the gel on a daily basis, no crowns were amputated and only one carious area was found over the same time period.


Xerocephalography.

Xerocephalography. Xeroradiography used with standard cephalometric analysis has proved clinically to be extremely beneficial in the orthodontic and orthognathic evaluation of patients. We have used the negative mode of xeroradiogrpahy routinely and have termed this application xerocephalography. We have described the methods and the equipment and have presented examples of the technique. Xerocephalography provides an improved method which may be universally used in orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.


Submandibular lymph gland manifestation with unsuspected sarcoidosis.


Dental anesthetic management of epidermolysis bullosa: a new approach. Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare blister-producing skin disorder that has been of some concern to dentists in the past. Dental treatment has been attempted on an outpatient basis with local anesthesia. In some of these patients, local anesthesia has caused large intraoral bullae. Other methods of treatment have been sought, including the use of general anesthesia and intramuscular sedation. This is a report of a case in which intravenous ketamine hydrochloride was used with good results. We believe this method has much to offer in the treatment of these patients.


Oral considerations of the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. The oral health of twenth-two patients with a diagnosis of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome was evaluated. Radiographs, photographs, study casts, visual and digital clinical examinations, hematologic data, blood pressure, and periodontal examinations were used with each patient. A review of the literature indicated a variety of causes for facial pain, including Costen's syndrome, muscle fatique and spasm, occlusion, and psychogenic factors. This study revealed the following trends: (1) The periodontal health of patients with the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome appears to be better than anticipated. (2) Bruxism accounts for a healthy dental apparatus when other diseases are not present. (3) Groups of muscles, other than the masticatory group, may contribute to the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. (4) Patients presented with various ranges of malocclusions and normal occlusions, deep overbites and overjets, complete dentitions, and missing teeth (either equally missing right and left or unequally missing right and left). This article also discusses clinical considerations in the diagnosis of the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome and offers a practical, physiologic approach to treatment. We conclude that how one uses his mandible is more of a causative factor than the relationships of the teeth.


Dental fluorosis associated with hereditary diabetes insipidus. Among the characteristics of hereditary pituitary diabetes insipidus are polydipsia and polyuria from early infancy. Drinking of large amounts of water, even with lower than accepted fluoride content, can produce fluorosis of the teeth. A mother and her four children affected by this disorder presented different degrees of fluorosis directly related to the stage at which hormonal therapy was introduced.


The calcifying odontogenic cyst. Eight new cases and a review of the literature. Eight new cases of the calcifying odontogenic cyst have been reported. In addition, a review of the literature produced an additional sixty-five cases. This lesion can occur in any age group, but it shows a peak incidence in the second decade. It is evenly distributed between the maxilla and the manidible and occurs with equal frequency in males and females. There does not appear to be any race predilection. The calcifying odontogenic cyst may occur in association with other pathologic entities. It is postulated that it does not in every case represent a separate pathologic entity but that it may represent a secondary phenomenon which occurs within preexisting lesions.


The ultrastructure of geographic tongue. Two typical cases of "geographic tongue" were investigated by means of the electron microscope. Biopsy specimens of both including the white elevated and the smooth erythematous areas of the lesions were, after routine processing, studied in semithin and ultrathin sections with a JEM 7A electron microscope. Results revealed, in the white elevated areas of the lesions, subepithelial polymorphonuclear infiltrates and microabsesses, leukocyte invasion into the epithelial layer, interepithelial edema, rupture of cell juctions, rich glycogen deposits in epithelial cells, lack of differentiation into keratinized cells, and cell necrosis with exfoliation of necrotic epithelial cells and leukocytes in the surface layer. The erythematous, smooth areas revealed pathomorphologic features of healing : some mononuclear infiltrate cells in sub- and interepithelial positions, two types of basal cell, occurring in groups, with features of either typical epidermal basal cells of immature basal cells, filament and filament bundle formation in the spinous layer, the lack of a stratum granulosum, and incomplete keratinization or parakeratinization in the surface layer. Differentiation into filiform  papillae  was lacking in this area. The findings have been discussed in relation to the disturbances of the keratinization process.


Familial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

Familial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. A case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the craniofacial type is presented, together with substantial evidence that this condition had a genetic basis in this patient. A review of the literature indicates that there is absolutely no previous evidence of a genetic basis to this condition. The possibility that the propositus suffered from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the Jaffe or the Albright type was excluded.


Dental management of the patient with biliary atresia. Biliary atresia is a disease of unknown origin characterized by partial or total absence of the biliary tract. While this condition is rare, the medical and surgical management makes the ramifications for dental treatment increasingly complex. This article reviews the disease and its complications and documents dental treatment of two patients.


Jaw and pulpal metastasis of an adrenal neuroblastoma. Hematogenous spread of malignant tumors to the dental pulp is very rare. A case of adrenal neuroblastoma in a 71/2-year-old boy which metastasized to the mandible and dental pulp is described. Tumor cells were found within the pulpal blood vessels of a deciduous molar tooth.


Dimensional stability of temporary restoratives. The effects of thermal cycling on the dimensional stability of temporary restoratives  were studied. Stability appeared to be affected significantly by water content. On thermal cycling, Cavit showed less linear dimensional change than two cements containing zinc oxide-eugenol and gutta-percha temporary stopping.


Solitary intraoral keratoacanthoma.

Solitary intraoral keratoacanthoma.


Gemination and fusion.

Gemination and fusion.


Pseudotumor of hemophilia in the mandible. Report of a case.


Bilateral bifurcation of the maxillary deciduous cuspids.


Embedded primary maxillary second molar tooth.


Transferred drug-resistance in Eimeria maxima. A series of experiments is described in which two drug-resistant strains of Eimeria maxima were passaged together in untreated chicks. The resultant oocysts were then inoculated into chicks treated with both drugs. When strains resistant to methyl benzoquate and sulphaquinoxaline or clopidol and sulphaquinoxaline were used the resultant infections were not controlled by the double treatment, indicating the acquisition of resistance factors by one strain from the other. When strains resistant to clopidol and methyl benzoquate were used the phenomenon was not observed.


The effects of thermal injury on pulpal hydrolases. The effects of thermal injury on pulpal protein levels and the activities of selected pulpal hydrolases were determined 48 hours following injury. At this time protein levels were significantly greater while enzyme activities were significantly lower in thermally insulted teeth. The implications of these studies are discussed.