Localization of secretory IgA, secretory component, and alpha chain in the mammary gland of lactating rabbits by immunoelectron microscopy. The different steps in the processing of secretory IgA (sIgA) of the mammary gland of lactating rabbits have been investigated with immunoelectron microscopy. The method employed consists of an indirect localization sequence, in which the immunologic reagents are allowed to diffuse into the fixed tissue prior to embedding and thin sectioning. In the first step, goat F(ab')2 fragments directed against sIgA, secretory component (SC), or alpha chain were used. To visualize the location of these first-step antibody fragments, a second Fab fragment directed against goat F(ab')2 antibody was prepared and coupled to a small heme octapeptide that possessed peroxidatic activity, the reaction product of which is visible by electron microscopy. Both the epithelial cell and the local plasmacytes of the mammary gland contain alpha chain, whereas SC is exclusively located in the epithelial cells. In the plasmacytes, both the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the saccules and vesicles of the Golgi complex contain alpha chain. In the epithelial cells, the elements of the Golgi complex and large apical vacuoles situated in the apical region of the cell. Based on these results, a model for processing of sIgA is proposed and discussed.


Ergonomics of aircrew respiratory apparatus.


Atypical endometrial cells and stromal breakdown two case reports.


The numerical composition of cellular samples from the female reproductive tract. I. Carcinoma in situ.


Myeloproliferative disorders.

Myeloproliferative disorders. Forty-three operative procedures were performed on a population of 250 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythemia vera, myeloid metaplasia (MM) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The overall operative mortality was approximately 7% and the incidence of excessive bleeding which could be related to coagulopathy was 5%. Twenty-one patients with MM or CML underwent splenectomy for palliation of symptoms related to the enlarged spleen or hematologic problems. Eighty-four percent of the latter group were improved. Adverse hematologic effects which could be attributed to splenectomy in these patients were confined to two patients who developed marked thrombocytosis. Among the 23 patients with MM, 9 had portal hypertension. Three underwent portacaval shunt and one a splenorenal shunt for bleeding varices. One of the patients died of hepatic necrosis. Estimated hepatic blood flow determinations (EHBF) in 4 patients with portal hypertension demonstrated a marked absolute increase and an increase in the ratio of EHBF/Cardiac Index. Absence of any evidence of intrahepatic or extrahepatic obstruction in these patients and the demonstration that splenectomy relieved portal hypertension defined at surgery in 4 patients, suggests that augmented adhepatic flow contributes to portal hypertension in some cases. The review leads to the conclusions that: 1) Operative procedures in prepared patients with myeloproliferative disorders are not associated with prohibitive mortality and morbidity rates. 2) Splenectomy is indicated for patients with increasing transfusion requirements and symptomatic splenomegaly or hypersplenism and should be performed early in the course of disease. 3) When associated portal hypertension and bleeding varices are present, hemodynamic studies should be carried out to define if splenectomy alone, or a portal systemic decompressive procedure is indicated.


Fractionation of human parotid salivary proteins and the isolation of an histidine-rich acidic peptide which shows high affinity for hydroxyapatite surfaces.


Human tooth-fissure contents and their progressive mineralization.


Evidence for absence of ascorbic acid in human saliva.


In vitro antibacterial activity of actinobolin analogues against cariogenic streptococci and other oral bacteria.


The within-patient reliability of a three-dimensional cephalometric implant technique.


Emergence of permanent teeth in school-children in Chandigarh, India.


The reliability of cephalometric soft tissue measurements.


A study of dental mottling in children in Khouribga, Morocco.


Changes in the concentrations of phosphates in human plaque after the ingestion of sugar with and without added phosphates.


Oral surgery in general dental practice. Apicoectomy. Apicoectomy is a frequently performed operation. In order to produce consistently good results the operation and its varieties are described, with stress being placed on correct assessment of each case prior to surgery.


Reorganization for intravenous procedures in dentistry. The importance of reorganization for intravenous dental procedures, involving not only premises and equipment but also the dentist and his staff, is emphasised. These matters are discussed in detail with special emphasis on certain essential factors and psychologic aspects.


Analysis of jaw opening reflexes.

Analysis of jaw opening reflexes. Electromyograms were compared with kinematograms recorded for 35 male dental students, average age 25 years, with full occlusions and without temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The records were obtained during the open-close-clench cycle rhythmically performed as the patient occluded on the molar teeth. The mechanical tracings disclosed seven subjects with centric slide and the duration of the cycle was significantly longer than normal. The kinematographic latency of the jaw opening reflex was found to be about equal to the sum of the electromyographic latency and inhibition.


Composite resin restorations. A three-year clinical assessment of four materials. The clinical characteristics of four composite resins were assessed over a period or up to three years. Two hundred and sixty nine restorations of composite resins placed in anterior teeth were subjected to 380 examinations during a three year study. The restorations had been placed in the mouth of patients aged 11 to more than 51 years by a variety of operators and the clinical characteristics observed. An increase in defects and deficiencies occurred at the progressive examinations.


Practical recording of dental caries increment. Records obtained from regular dental patients at initial examination are transferred to punch cards. Subsequent data entered on punch cards. Provision is made for transferring basic and amended information to new cards when required. Analysis of incremental data can be used to evaluate changes in practice and assess work load.


Some epidemiological aspects of clefts of the primary and secondary palate in South Australia, 1949-1968. The hospital records of 559 children born in South Australia with clefting of the lip and/or palate were analysed and compared with similar reports in epidemiological characteristics.


Back from the cuspid.

Back from the cuspid. Denture reduction in formal orthodontic treatment does not appear to prevent the impaction of lower third molars. The extraction of premolar teeth is best carried out as close as possible to the eruption time of the cuspids. The posterior part of the mandibular arch should be evaluated by the study of lateral oblique roentgenograms and one of several options regarding treatment should then be adopted.


Editorial: Facts and figures.

Editorial: Facts and figures.


Letter: Hepatitis.

Letter: Hepatitis.


Cytogenetic studies of the spleen in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Using a technique of short-term in vitro culture, cytogenetic studies were performed on splenic tissue from 12 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. In eight patients the disease was in its chronic phase and had been treated with busulphan (seven cases) or splenic irradiation (one case). In five of these patients, small numbers of dividing cells possessing the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome were observed; in one, only Ph1 -negative metaphases, presumably those of lymphocytes, occurred, and in two patients no dividing cells were obtained. In four patients chronic granulocytic leukaemia had undergone metamorphosis to an acute phase: in two of these patients no dividing cells were observed in splenic cultures with or without added phytohaemagglutinin: this result may have been attributable to prior cytotoxic therapy. In cultures from the other two patients in metamorphosis, almost all dividing cells were Ph1 -positve and many cells possessed two Ph1 chromosomes. Full cytogenetic analysis in one of these cases showed that the spleen contained several closely related cell lines, apparently reflecting progressive tumour cell evolution.


A clinical and lung function study of chronic lung disease and asthma in coastal Papua New Guinea. A prevalence survey on the island of Karkar had previously shown that chronic lung disease was common in both sexes after the age of 35 years and that, in part, this was related to the smoking of home-grown air-cured tobacco. To investigate the nature of this chronic lung disease, 37 nontuberculous subjects with reduced ventilatory capacity (forced expiratory volume in one second less than 75% predicted) underwent clinical and lung function investigations. Ninety-two per cent had adventitiae, 62% had chronic productive cough and 54% had dyspnoea on exertion. Lung function tests showed an irreversible obstructive defect with a variable, but on average, only moderately reduced transfer factor. The chest radiography showed evidence of hyperinflation in 38% of cases but non had narrowing or loss of pulmonary vessels suggestive of emphysema. "Inflammatory changes" occurred in 35% and were associated with a mild but significant element of restriction. The results suggest that chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchiolitis were the main underlying abnormalities and that emphysema was comparatively unimportant. Asthma appeared to be relatively uncommon, especially in children. The clinical and lung function findings in 16 asthmatics were essentially similar to those observed in asthmatics elsewhere and the atopic status of asthmatics and controls was similar to that observed in developed societies. In common with Highland asthmatics however, the age at onset was in early adult life rather than in childhood.


Treatment of chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis by lymphocyte transfer factor. A beneficial clinical effect from the administration of lymphocyte transfer factor is described in six patients with idiopathic early onset chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis. Five patients in two families showed a familial disease pattern. Dermal anergy and failure to produce migratory inhibition factor with intact general immune function were found in patients tested. Antifungal chemotherapy was effective in clearing or markedly reducing the candidiasis and remission was maintained by repeated injections of transfer factor. Therapy was monitored using Candida skin test.


Extensive drug surveillance--a pilot study. The aim of this Extensive Drug Surveillance programme was to develop a system of drug monitoring suitable for detecting adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients. The monitored field was a general medical ward in the Royal Adelaide Hospital and monitoring was carried out for a period of one month (September 1974). A total of 85 patients (45 males and 40 females) were monitored and in 14 of them adverse reactions were noted. The overall incidence of such reactions was 16.5%. A greater intake of drugs was a significant finding in patients who experienced adverse reactions. Coupled with this was the observation that patients who stayed longer in hospital had a greater number of drugs administered to them. A third finding was the higher incidence of reactions in female patients.


Histiocytic medullary reticulosis.

Histiocytic medullary reticulosis. The clinical and pathological features of histiocytic medullary reticulosis (HMR) are described in five patients. Treatment by splenectomy and the MOPP routine resulted in a transient improvement in platelet and neutrophil counts and resolution of anaemia and apparent prolongation of survival in two of the five patients. The relationship of HMR to other histiocytic disorders is discussed. HMR is defined as a unique malignant histiocytosis in which malignant histiocytes engage in phagocytosis of eryrhrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.


Diarrhoea and colitis associated with antibiotic treatment. Sixteen cases of colitis developing within twenty-one days of antibiotic therapy are reported. There was a wide range of disease severity. Lincomycin and Clindamycin were implicated in twelve. The colitis was of two pathological patterns pseudomembranous colitis and "non-specific" colitis. There is a relative sparing of the rectum in some cases making the diagnosis more difficult on sigmoidoscopy.


Symptomatic hypergastrinaemia with achlorhydria: reflief by antrectomy. A women had hypergastrinaemia associated with the variety of gastritis (Type A) that is associated usually with pernicious anaemia, together with recurring bouts of severe abdominal pain. Fasting serum gastrin levels ranged between 600 and 2750 pg/ml. There was a rise in serum gastrin levels after a standard protein meal, indicative of a large G cell mass, and a fall after intragastric HCI, which led to a trial of treatment with HCI; this gave some symptomatic relief. After surgical antrectomy there was a profound fall of serum gastrin from a pre-operative level of 2500 pg/ml to constant values of 16--25 pg/ml, and complete and lasting relief from the bouts of abdominal pain.


Salmonella meningitis treatment with intravenous trimethoprim. Intravenous trimethoprim and sulphadiazine were used in the successful treatment of Salmonella meningitis in a four months old child. Pharmacological data are presented which show good penetration of the bloodbrain barrier by trimethoprim. This combination appears to be a useful alternative therapy for gram-negative meningitis.


Familial hypertrophic cariomyopathy and lentiginosis. Members of three generations of a family studied, manifest profuse lentiginosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The autosomal dominant inheritance of this syndrome is established. Lentiginosis should alert the physician to possible underlying heart disease.


Guillain Barré syndrome during the pre-icteric phase of acute type B viral hepatitis. A 54-year-old man presented with the Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) during the pre-icteric phase of acute type B viral hepatitis. This neurological syndrome has been infrequently described in the clinical course of viral hepatitis but only once previously during the prodromal period. Deposition of circulating immune complexes of the HBsAg have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis, nephritis and polyarteritis associated with type B viral hepatitis. Although the relationship of GBS to type B viral hepatitis is uncertain, a similar immunopathological mechanism may be involved.


Factor XIII deficiency in two Melanesian families from Papua New Guinea. Three patients from two families in Papua New Guinea with a deficiency of Factor XIII activity are described. Lowered levels of Factor XIII activity were found in the parents of both families. Simple screening tests for Factor XIII deficiency should be included in all coagulation screening tests, even in a developing country.


Regression of acromegaly following pituitary apoplexy. A case of acromegaly complicated by pituitary apoplexy is described. The pituitary apoplexy occurred while the patient was under investigation in a metabolic ward permitting full assessment of pituitary function both before and immediately after the event. This demonstrated a remarkably selective reduction in the plasma growth hormone concentration with preservation of other pituitary function excluding mild diabetes insipidus. The plasma growth hormone fell from values greater than 120 ng/ml to less than 4 ng/ml. The brisk inappropriate release of growth hormone observed on stimulation with thyrotrophic hormone releasing hormone, associated with a severe headache and the onset of pituitary apoplexy two days later raised the possibility of provocative tests of pituitary function precipitating pituitary apoplexy.


The accuracy of methods of diagnosis in patients with suspected recurrent ulcer after vagotomy. This paper reports a critical analysis of the results of the investigations used to establish a diagnosis in 37 patients submitted to a second operation for presumed recurrent or unhealed ulcer. The results of investigations have been correlated with the operative and histopathological findings.


Eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Two cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis are reported, with a discussion of eosinophilia in general and the incidence of various disorders which may be associated with it.


Emphysematous gastritis: report of a case. Emphysematous gastritis is a rare and frequently lethal disorder, characterized by phlegmonous gastritis caused by gas-forming organisms. A patient with this condition is described, in whom the ante-mortem diagnosis was made on clinical and radiological grounds.


The sequelae inferior vena caval interruption. Recurrent pulmonary emboli occurred in 26 of 85 patients (31%) after inferior vena caval interruption to prevent pulmonary emboli. Sequelae following this procedure included early problems associated with bleeding, venous thrombosis, the sequestration syndrome, and death. Late sequelae were recurrent episodes of venous thrombosis, the post-phlebitic syndrome and recurrent emboli. Inferior vena caval interruption is associated with significant continuing disability, and it fails to solve the problem it was designed to prevent.


Large abdominal wall herniae: an easy method of repair without prosthetic material, with the induction of pneumoperitoneum. Large abdominal wall herniae may pose problems of management, particularly in the presence of obstructive airway and cardiovascular disease. Preoperative induction of pneumoperitoneum usually permits the anatomical repair of large herniae without complications and without the use of prosthetic materials to close the defect.


Dormia basket removal of a residual common duct stone: report of a case. A case is presented of successful removal of a residual common bile duct calculus by the use of a Dormia basket introduced through a T tube.


Acute diverticulitis of the caecum.

Acute diverticulitis of the caecum. Two cases of inflammation of a solitary diverticulum of the caecum are reported. These probably represent the first cases to be reported in Chinese. The pathogenesis of solitary diverticulum of the caecum is different from that of multiple diverticulosis of the colon. A study of these cases was made to understand better this uncommon entity. Before operation, the symptoms, signs and physical findings of caecal diverticulitis are those found in appendicitis. The diagnosis at operation in some cases is difficult because the inflammatory reaction may simulate a malignant process. Local excision is the operation of choice. Our two patients were treated by right hemicolectomy. Discussion is presented of the clinical presentation, pathology and treatment of this condition, so that its prompt recognition may avoid the incorrect diagnosis of caecal malignancy, which in turn would lead to unnecessary radical surgery resulting in a high mortality rate.


Enteric perforation in typhoid fever: a study of 15 cases. Fifteen patients suffering from typhoid perforation are reported and discussed. Controversy still persists regarding the best form of treatment. One can still only state that each patient should be treated on his or her merits.


Portal pyaemia secondary to carcinoma of the rectum. A case of multiple liver abscesses occurring in association with a carcinoma of the rectum is presented. This complication has not been previously recorded. It gave rise to an unexplained pyrexia and a confusing liver scan.


The management of solitary thyroid nodules under local anaesthesia. A group of patients with solitary nodules of the thyroid were treated at the University of Malaya by surgery under local anaesthesia. This was done in order to expedite exploration of a potentially malignant condition. This group comprised 43 patients, and four cancers were found. The standard technique used was satisfactory from the viewpoint of both the patient and the surgeon. The pattern of this condition in a Malaysian population is documented, the technique used is described, and thyroidectomy under local aneaesthesia is discussed.


Drill biopsy of the thyroid gland.

Drill biopsy of the thyroid gland. Needle drill biopsies were performed on 360 patients presenting with thyroid swellings. The indications and technique are discussed. Surgical treatment was carried out for 154 of the 225 solitary nodules and 82 of the 129 nodular goitres. The overall success rate in obtaining thyroid tissue was 74%. The accuracy rate was 100% in lymphocytic thyroiditis, anaplastic carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. With adenoma, 66% of those presenting as solitary nodules and 44-4% as nodular goitres were correctly diagnosed. Two-thirds of papillary carcinomas were correctly diagnosed by drill biopsy. Only 28-6% of follicular carcinomas were diagnosed before operation. The drill biopsy proved to be a simple procedure, with few complications, and served the purpose of selecting patients for operative treatment.


Slipped femoral capital epiphysis: a review of 49 cases treated at the University of New South Wales teaching Hospitals over the last ten years. The purpose of this paper is to assess critically the results of treatment of slipped femoral capital epiphyses in patients seen over the past ten years at the Prince of Wales Hospital. The problems examined in this study include: (a) the indications for prophylactic pinning; (b) the number of Knowles pins necessary for fixation; and (c) the questions whether and when these should be removed.


Esophageal reduplication cyst.

Esophageal reduplication cyst.


Below-knee amputation in peripheral arterial disease. A below-knee amputation will heal in most patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, using no anterior flap and a long posterior myoplastic flap. The technique used by the authors is presented in detail, with their experience in 32 cases.


The effect of intrauterine phrenic nerve division on the development of the lungs and diaphragm in fetal rabbits. Intrauterine division of the left phrenic nerve has been successfully performed in rabbit fetuses as early as the 21st day of gestation, prior to alveolar differentiation. This procedure results in intrauterine atrophy of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm and hypertrophy of the contralateral side. Light and electron microscopic studies have shown no interference with the subsequent maturation of the lung.


Editorial: Priorities in clinical research.


Letter: The operator/anaesthetist in dentistry.


Letter: Caries under composite restorations.


Letter: Recommended by the British Dental Association.


Letter: The use of a calcium sucrose phosphates-calcium orthophosphate complex as a cariostatic agent.


Letter: Dental plaque, dental caries and sugar intake.


Letter: Magnifying lens attachment for spectacles.


Letter: Preventive dentistry for school children.


Natal and neonatal teeth. A clinical and histological study.


The selection of dental students. A pilot study of an assessment of manual ability by practical tests.


Filament 'warm-up' time in dental x-ray tubes.


A flexible measuring strip for use in gingival crevices.


Oncologic duodenopancreatectomy.

Oncologic duodenopancreatectomy.


9 facts about Medic Alert Foundation International.


Differential diagnosis of menstrual disorders.


Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: results of treatment with LSA2-L2 protocol. The results obtained with very intensive treatment in previously untreated patients early in the disease are encouraging, and we hope will change the philosophy of most investigators that even in far advanced disease such as those with marrow metastases or multiple primary sites, one can still obtain complete regression at all tumour sites within 1 to 1 1/2 months from onset of therapy by combined treatment with multiple chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy to one or more sites.


The detection of drug sensitivity.

The detection of drug sensitivity.


The anatomy of acupuncture.

The anatomy of acupuncture.


Acupuncture and neurophysiology.

Acupuncture and neurophysiology.


A biomechanical approach to the study of the hemiplegic patient.


The practical medical aspects of acupuncture.


Acupuncture: surgical aspects.

Acupuncture: surgical aspects.


Monitoring of core temperature through the skin: A comparison with esophageal and tympanic temperatures.


Anesthesia for open-heart surgery: Its contribution to the care of the critically ill.


Plans and policies for the operation of the Health and Hospitals Corporation.


Utilization of radioimmunoassays of gonadotropin, estrogen, and progesterone in the office practice of gynecology.


Effect of blood types and vessel wall surface charge on thrombogenicity: preliminary report.


The "flower children" of Sudbury.

The "flower children" of Sudbury.


Malaria: the great umbrella.

Malaria: the great umbrella.


Physicians and allied health manpower.

Physicians and allied health manpower.


The penetration of antibiotics into peritoneal fluid.


Some effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on bacteria.


Blind therapy in emergencies.

Blind therapy in emergencies.


New antibacterial treatment of nosocomial infections.


Infections caused by gram-negative pathogens: new clinical considerations.


Antibiotics and endotoxic shock.

Antibiotics and endotoxic shock. 2 topics of particular interest are addressed in this summary of data concerning antibiotics and endotoxic shock: 1) the antibiotic treatment of gram-negative bacillary infections complicated by shock differs from the treatment of similar infections not associated with shock; and 2) endotoxin per se is responsible for the occurrence of shock and other manifestation of gram-negative bacillary infections.  With shock, inadequate tissue perfusion exists, requiring antibiotic administration be performed intravenously rather than by oral or intramuscular routes.  In general, antibiotics act only to eradicate infection (i.e., kill bacteria) and in no way address the shock condition.  Clinical results with polymyxins, implicated in some studies to neutralize endotoxin, assessed these drugs' clinical applicability by comparing the frequency of manifestations attributed to endotoxin, shock, and death occurring in patients with gram-negative bacteremia after treatment with polymyxin B or E.  Treatment with 1 of the polymyxins failed to reduce the frequency of shock and death in gram-gegative bacteremia over that observed when other effective antibiotics were used initial therapy.  Indeed, the frequency of complications was significantly greater in patients with ultimately fatal underlying diseases (P  .05) and in all patients combined (P  .001).  Human studies have attempted to define or pinpoint the relationship between endotoxin and disease symptoms (chills, fever, etc.), assuming an apparent correlation between the presence of circulating endotoxin and the frequency of fever, shock, or death compared with similar patients without detectable endotoxin; though the results did not preclude a role of endotoxin in symptomatology, they do cast considerable doubt on the widely held concept that circulating endotoxin is primarily responsible for the pathophysiologic changes observed during gram-negative infection.  Using Limulus test data, the majority of studies found no connection between circulating endotoxin and presence of pathophysiologic changes.  Factors affecting treatment of bacteremia are also discussed.


New drug regimens in the treatment of tuberculosis.


New drugs for the systemic mycoses: flucytosine and clotrimazole.


Two cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome treated with haloperidol. Two cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome occurring in Sri Lanka are reported. Both patients had the characteristics of the syndrome as described by Fernando (1967): (1) Childhood onset (below 16 years of age); (2) Multiple motor tics; (3) Unprovoked vocal utterances which may progress to coprolalia. Both responded to haloperidol, withdrawal of medication being followed by relapse, and reintroduction by remission. The literature on the aetiology of the condition has been reviewed. The weight of evidence favours an organic cause, although psychological precipitation cannot be ruled out.


The relationship between personality and the symptoms of depressive illness. The Maudsley Personality Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory, with additional items to assess depressive functional shift features and outlook on life values, were administered to 100 patients diagnosed as suffering from depressive illness. Patients' scores for questions eliciting information about symptoms assumed to be dependent on personality correlated at substantial and significant levels with N scale scores of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Similar levels of correlation were found for the added items for assessing life values. Items believed to assess changes in functions independent of personality, such as the features of the Depressive Functional Shift, showed no correlation with either N or E scales of the Maudsley Personality Inventory, while demonstrating a substantial level of correlation with the depression scale. It is concluded that whereas changes in innate biological functions independent of environment are direct indications of the depressive illness process, psychological symptoms of the illness may reflect changes in personality dependent on upbringing, education and cultural background, thereby producing greater variation in this group of psychological symptoms.


Treatment of acute leukemia during pregnancy. Cytarabine and thioguanine therapy for acute myelocytic leukemia, initiated during the 26th week of pregnancy, led to complete remission of the leukemia in a 22-year-old woman, and allowed for delivery of a normal infant at term. No chromosomal abnormalities were detected in the infant. Cytarabine and thioguanine in combination are effective agents in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Their use appears warranted in pregnant patients after the first trimester.


The relationship between the time of fractionated and single doses of radiation and hyperthermia on the sensitization of an in vivo mouse tumor. The present study was undertaken to explore the relationship of the time interval between application of heat and irradiation on enhanced tumor cell sensitivity. Using the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma grown in AKD2F1/J mice, local tumor hyperthermia (42.5 +/- .5 degrees C for 15 minutes) was applied at various time intervals before or after single or fractionated doses of x irradiation. Enhancement of tumor cell sensitivity by combined treatment with radiation and heat, as measured by delay in tumor growth, cure rates, and mean survival times was inversely proportional to the time interval between application of both modalities. The interactions associated with this increased sensitivity appear to be transitory, diminishing with time between treatments. Possible mechanisms of action for thermal sensitization may involve the reduction of oxygen dependence as well as a reduced recovery capacity of tumor cells.


The porous outer enamel of unerupted human premolars.


Ultrastructure of organic films on the enamel surface.


A levansucrase from Actinomyces viscosus.


The reaction of monofluorophosphate with amorphous and apatitic calcium phosphates.


Establishment of defined microbial ecosystems in germ-free rats. II. Di-association of Osborne-Mendel rats with Veillonella alcalescens and several oral microorganisms.


Affinity for hydroxyapatite of salivary substances inducing aggregation of oral streptococci.


A question of the role of the vomer in the growth of the premaxillary segment. Antero-posterior retardation of upper jaw growth became evident in all five dogs with surgically placed clefts and extirpation of the vomer within 8 weeks following surgery. Five control dogs with congenital cleft palate maintained a normal jaw relationship. The evidence indicated that the difference in growth between the two groups may be explained in terms of the role played by the vomer in the growth and support of the upper jaw in the dog. This observation suggests that the dog may be used as a model for the study of retardation of growth in the antero-posterior dimension and indicates a need for research concerned with the role of the vomer in the human bilateral cleft condition.


Nuclear incorporation of radioactive DNA precursors and progression of cells through S. Combined radioautographic and cytophotometric studies on normal and leukaemic bone marrow and thoracic duct lymph cells of man. Bone marrow blast cells of nine children with untreated acute leukaemia (five lymphoid, three myeloid, one monocytic), myeloid precursor cells of a haematologically normal child and thoracic duct lymph cells of a patient with sclerodermia were pulse-labelled in vitro with tritiated thymidine and/or tritiated cytidine. Combined radioautographic and cytophotometric techniques were used for the determination of the median nuclear size and the median grain count of labelled cells in different segments of S. It was found that the median grain count reached maximum values in the second or third quarter of S in all cell populations studied, and that the variation, during S, of the median grain count appeared to be independent of the median DNA synthesis times of the cell types investigated. In six cell populations a clear-cut inverse relation existed between the number and the median grain count of labelled cells in different segments of S. In three populations this relation was less apparent and in two it was not found at all.


The occult submucous cleft palate.

The occult submucous cleft palate. We have studied 41 patients with classic submucous cleft and 32 cases with occult submucous cleft. Both groups have the same anatomic abnormality that leads to velar dysfunction-the insertion of the palate muscles onto the hard palate rather than onto the midline soft palate raphe. However, the occult submucous cleft palate does not have the classic triad of bifid uvula, hard palate bony notch, and furrow in the midline of the soft palate. Characteristic facial features, cephalmetric x-rays, and cine voice studies can help make a presumptive diagnosis of occult submucous cleft palate. Surgical management includes a diagnostic palate exploration to identify muscle configuration followed by levator muscle sling reconstruction, palate pushback, and pharyngeal flap. Excellent speech results are obtained except with patients having palate paresis.


A roentgencephalometric investigation of the effect of adenoid removal upon selected measures of velopharyngeal function. Pre-and postoperative lateral x-rays were taken of 15 candidates for adenoid removal, ranging in age from four to seven years. Cephalometric measurements were taken during rest and during function (/s/). The postoperative group acquired pharyngeal dimensions of C.P.I. proportions as a result of adenoid removal. However, all subjects achieved velopharyngeal closure and displayd no hypernasality following this surgical procedure, indicating success in terms of speech. The success in their adaptation can be attributed to the following: 1) increased velar mobility; 2) increased height of velopharyngeal closure; 3) increased percent of velar stretch; and 4) anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall when amount of velopharyngeal contact became tenuous. The normal velopharyngeal mechanism has the capacity to successfully overcome the imbalance between pharyngeal dimensions and velar length caused by adenoid removal. The normal mechanism overcomes this imbalance by means of compensations, some of which are typical of the inadequate mechanism.


A study of deformity following cleft palate repair in patients with normal lip and alveolus.


Patterns of velopharyngeal closure in subjects with repaired cleft palate and normal speech: a multi-view videofluoroscopic analysis. Thirty subjects with repaired palatal clefts and normal speech ranging in age from 2 to 12 years were examined in multiple videofluoroscopic projections in order to assess velopharyngeal closure in three dimensions. The following points became evident from the results of this study: 1. All 30 subjects exhibited contact between the superior border of the velum and the adenoid mass in the nasopharynx. Often, a sharp levator eminance was not formed due to the small space between the velum at rest and the adenoids. Thus, there was little room for the velum to elevate. 2. All 30 subjects showed good localized medial movement of the LAPW at the approximate plane of the hard palate. 3. 10 out of 30 subjects, 33%, had a Passavant's Ridge during speech. All 10 of these subjects utilized the ridge as a point of closure, as well as the adenoids. 4. The observed patterns of closure were consistent across varied consonant utterances. 5. The mechanism of velopharyngel closure in this group of subjects is essentially the same as for normal adult speakers and differs only anatomically due to a lack of verticle head growth in children. Thus, in spite of the presence of adenoids and the lack of verticle head development, the basic sphincteric mechanism of velopharyngeal colsure is utilized in these subjects.


Electromyographic verification of viable muscle tissue following a double-pendulum flap procedure for surgical repair of bilateral cleft lip. Five patients were seen in an electromyographic study of the double pendulum flap method of bilateral cleft lip repair. All five patients displayed active orbicularis oris muscle tissue. By bringing lateral lip segments to the center of the cleft, the double pendulum flap method restores muscular function and improves cosmetic appearance. This surgical procedure may be modified to be performed on other anomalies resulting from a discontinuity of muscular tissue.


Choanal atresia-a cryptic congenital anomaly.


Height-weight growth of cleft children, birth to six years. A study was conducted on 279 patients from the longitudinal patient series at the Institue to determine the general physical growth of cleft children using height and weight measurements. The objectives were to determine if severity of cleft type and sex in relation to severity of cleft type significantly affected height and weight and to determine if the height and weight of cleft children vary significantly from the non-cleft norm. The results showed that severity of cleft type is not significant while sex in relation to cleft type may be significant in several instances. It was also found that cleft children are neither consistently shorter nor consistenely lighter than the norm. An early lag period occurred, but by three years cleft children catch-up to the norm and rebound to growth equality, thus appearing to conform to the concept of catch-up growth.


Differential cell proliferation of embryonic rat palatal processes as determined by incorporation of tritiated thymidine. The differential cellular proliferation of the palatal processes in the Wistar albino rat was studied utilizing tritiated thymidine labeling. 3HTdr was given to pregnant rats at 14, 15, 16, and 17 days of gestation. The animals were killed one hour after injection. The fetuses were removed and the heads were embedded, sectioned, and an autoradiographic technique utilized. The autoradiograms were examined microscopically and labeling indices for various areas and regions of the palatal processes were calculated. The findings revealed that the pattern of cellular activity of mesenchymal and epithelial cells changes in different areas and regions of the palatal processes with different stages of secondary palate development.


A cephalometric study of velar stretch in 8 and 10-year old children. Radiographic cephalometry was used to examine the prevalence, magnitude, and relationship between velar stretch and other commonly employed cephalometric measurements in forty (40) normal-speaking 8 and 10-year-old children. Velar stretch was not universally observed although the average soft palate length characteristics of these children measured during speech were significantly longer than the resting or intrinsic palate length measurements. Significant differences in average stretch magnitude were measured as a function of speech task (/u/ vs /s/) and subject age (8 vs 10-year-olds). Although velar stretch was significantly correlated with several commonly used cephalometric measurements, stretch was not well predicted by any single cephalometric measurement used in this research. These findings are interpreted in terms of their implications for determining velopharyneal adequacy for speech and their implications with respect to developmental features of velar function.


Relation between speech production and oro-facial structures in individuals with isolated clefts of the palate.


Development of the palatal arch in relation to unilateral cleft lip and palate surgery: a comparison of the effects of different surgical approaches. Our cases are too small in number to conclude which kind of surgical method retards the maxilla development. But we can say that a maldevelopment of the maxilla may be expected to occur in the case of any surgery performed. In the cleft lip only patients, Millard's method and our method show a better effect than the other methods from the point of view of the retardation of the mid-third of the face. In the group of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients our method may be the best on this point. At the end, we would like to present our typical cases with figures (Figures 4 and 5).


Factors associated with missed appointments of patients in a cleft lip and palate clinic. This is a report of the utilization rate of patients in a cleft lip and palate clinic and to ascertain what factors are associated with missed appointments. We had a missed appointment rate of 13.4 percent which compares favorably with those rates reported in the literature. We found that the group of patients who missed all appointments were more highly educated and private payment patients. We also found that our longitudinal patients had a better record of keeping appointments than did other patients.


A (13;22) Robertsonian translocation, 45 chromosomes. Repository identification no. GM-392.


Prolymphocytic leukaemia in Uganda.

Prolymphocytic leukaemia in Uganda.


Information for dentistry.

Information for dentistry.


Histories of present dental schools in the United States. University of Louisville School of Dentistry.


Globulomaxillary cyst treated by marsupialization.


Pins-and-resins alternative to conventional crowns.


How to motivate patients to care.

How to motivate patients to care.


Variable ATP lens extender--converter of single lens relfex cameras for intraoral photography.


Corporate group benefits: one dentist's experience.


Impacted third molar embedded in dentigerous cyst.


Like father, like son.

Like father, like son.


Income-protection plan termed success by N.Y. group members.


18-operatory design for group practice.

18-operatory design for group practice.


Achieving maximum efficiency when space is at a premium.


Dental disease in early man.

Dental disease in early man.


Women's lib: they just want to restore historic status.


Health care: developing crisis in search of coherent policy?


Treatment of diastema: not always frenectomy.


Emergency management of cardiac arrest.

Emergency management of cardiac arrest.


Detection and treatment of multiple root canals.


More women dental students, but 'subtle discrimination'?


Case report: composite technic for economical molar repair.


Disclosure of lab charges to patients stirs dispute.


Design to dispel fear of oral surgery.

Design to dispel fear of oral surgery.


Hypertension: implications for dentistry.


Jobless health insurance: a permanent 'emergency'?


Composite technic for fracture related to dentinogenesis imperfecta.


Case report: autogenous molar graft.

Case report: autogenous molar graft.


Abrasiveness of automatic vs. manual toothbrushes.


Epidermoid carcinoma of the floor of the mouth.


Improving education in endodontics.

Improving education in endodontics.


Pain: usually just a symptom, but it can be a disease state.


Graphics add zest, but relax patients.

Graphics add zest, but relax patients.


Design + equipment + communication = efficiency.


What to do when choking occurs.

What to do when choking occurs.


HEW's top dentist tells views on federal health care role.


Case report: combined use of coping and partial denture.


The clinical measurement of arterial blood pressure.


David Brinkley warns dentistry: "Ask government help and you'll be sorry".


Open and relaxed, without loss of privacy.


Evaluation and repair of root canal failures.


Understanding color in fixed prosthodontics.


Emergency management of anaphylactic reactions.


How computer helps dentists with practice location, jobs.


Hinged labial flange removable partial denture all plastic construction.


Soft surroundings offer escape valve from pressures of dentistry.


Two complex translocations in chronic granulocytic leukemia involving chromosomes 22, 9, and a third chromosome. Among 13 Ph-positive cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), banding studies revealed two with complex rearrangements involving translocation of the long arm of number 22 to another autosome and a segment of that chromosome translocated to the long arm of number 9. In a patient with both CGL and sickle cell anemia, the 3-way rearrangement involved chromosomes 5, 9, and 22; and he also had a second Philadelphia chromosome and two constitutional variants: pericentric inversion of the other number 9 chromosome and satellite polymorphism in the G group. The karyotype of the leukemic cells was interpreted as: 47,XY,inv(9) (p11q13),t(5;9;22)(q13;q34;q11)+del(22)(q11). In the second patient, the complex translocation in the Ph-positive cells involved chromosomes 3, 9, and 22, resulting in a karyotype interpreted as: 46,XX,t(3;9;22)(p21;q34;q11). Several reports indicate that an abnormality of chromosome 9 is not essential for the development of Ph-positive CGL, but the very high frequency of its involvement (including these unusual translocations) suggests that some type of non-random somatic association may exist between 9q and 22q which makes simultaneous breakage likely. Attempts to correlate specific types of pH chromosome rearrangements with the clinical course of CGL must await the identification of more cases and longer follow-up.


Cell mediated immunity in human osteogenic sarcoma.


Notes on a full-time college course from the inside.


Cell mediated immunity in osteogenic sarcoma. Role of the regional lymph nodes.


Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. The origin of indices for recording gingivitis and plaque is reviewed. Each index seems to have been constructed for a special purpose. The development so far has been towards more and more delicately graded indices which are well suited for evaluation of short term clinical trials. The increased sensitively, though advantageous for scientific purpose, is not always practical from a public dental health point of view. It seems that at present there is a need for several different types of index systems. In order to be able to conduct his preventive programs the practicing dentist needs a simple and well defined recording system for oral hygiene and gingival inflammation. Such an index system should be as easy and natural to use as is the scoring of decayed and filled surfaces today. Instead of using individual mean scores of multi-graded plaque and gingival indices, the use of the site prevalence of a single finding is suggested. For recording of gingivitis in daily dental practice the number of gingival margins bleeding on pressure is recommended to be determined as a percentage of the sites examined (Fig. 1,2 and 3). For oral hygiene, correspondingly, the frequency of occurrence of tooth surfaces covered with clearly visible plaque could be used as a clinically relevant parameter (Fig. 4). Keeping visible plaque and gingival bleeding away is also suggested to be a clearly understandable and practical aim in the dental health education of the individual patient.


Kinetics of the blood platelets in myeloproliferative disorders.


Should I be using amalgam or composite restorative materials? Composite materials were first introduced for use in Class III and Class V cavities. They have now been accepted as the most popular material for the restoration of Class IV cavities and of fractured incisors and their use in Class I and Class II cavities has been advocated. Laboratory investigation of the physical properties of the composite materials suggests that with the exception of hardness, the values recorded are comparable with those for amalgam. In their favour are a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity and superior aesthetics. It has been claimed that a Class II composite restoration can be placed more easily and more rapidly than an amalgam but if comparable contour and adaptation is to be achieved, this claim cannot be substantiated. In contrast to laboratory studies, clinical research has shown that composite materials have some shortcomings. Their colour tends to become more yellow with time and their ability to resist marginal percolation is inferior to that of amalgam. Under clinical conditions their resistance to abrasion is unsatisfactory because of the failure of the bond between the filler particles and the resin. On balance, at the present time amalgam is preferable to composites for Class I and Class II restorations except in cases where aesthetics is the overriding consideration.


The effect of new technologies in training and utilization of dental auxiliaries in the United States Air Force. Training of Dental Auxiliaries in the United States Air Force is a highly structured process combining training in short formal courses at the School of Health Care Sciences with extended periods of formal on-the-job training and self-study correspondence courses conducted at bases throughout the Air Force. The rigid control imposed by Air Force training directives is a major factor in the success of this dual channel concept. Dental auxiliaries are trained for what they need to know, as outlined in a 'task list' for their specific career field and behavioral objectives devised from the task list. Dental auxiliaries are utilized in the field performing in four basic areas: Dental Laboratory Technology, Chairside Dental Assisting, Preventive Dentistry (dental hygiene), and Expanded Function Dental Assisting. The scope of their duties range all the way from receiving the patient at the reception desk, assisting with dental treatment and dismissing the patient, to long-range planning for resource requirements necessary for the operation of a complete dental service. To paraphrase an old saying: 'The dental auxiliary is the backbone of the Dental Corps of the United States Air Force'.


The organization of the Department of Defense in relation to the administration of the armed forces dental services in the United States. In 1947 the organization that became the Department of Defense was established. During the ensuing years the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health and Environment (ASD (H & E)) evolved. On the staff of the Assistant Secretary (H & E) is a Special Assistant for Dental Affairs. In concert with the military departments and their Surgeons General, policies and programs are developed to provide the highest possible quality of health care by a totally voluntary, professionally satisfied, efficient and effective medical service to all for whom the military services are responsible.


Inter-examiner and intra-examiner reproducibility in clinical and radiographic diagnosis. The first technical report to be published by the FDI considered the principal requirements for controlled clinical trials of caries preventive agents and procedures. This document advocated the use of a simple reproducibility ratio as a measure of variability in caries diagnosis. In accordance with the FDI recommendations available figures from published work on duplicated examinations are presented in terms of this reproducibility ratio. The data refers to intra- and inter-examiner variability with respect to both clinical and radiographic examinations. Reproducibility studies carried out as a pre-calibration investigation and during the baseline examinations of a current clinical trial are also included. Considerable diversity is apparent, the intra- and inter-examiner variation for clinical examinations ranging from 0-13 to 0-61, and for radio-graphic assessments from 0-06 to 0-60. If an acceptable range of reproducibility ratios is to be formulated then this wide variation will have to be taken into account. Ultimately, if examiner variability cannot be maintained within reasonable limits, then the choice of an examiner could be just as important as the choice of the test substance.


Temporomandibular articular reflex control of the mandibular musculature. The results of an experimental electromyographic investigation of temporomandibular arthrokinetic reflex control of the mandibular musculature are reported. Co-ordinated, rapidly-adapting and slowly-adapting facilitatory and inhibitory reflex changes in motor unit activity in the mandibular musculature were evoked by graduated passive movements of the isolated (but innervated) temporomandibular joint. Induced dysfunction of regionally discrete groups of articular mechanoreceptors was shown to result in specific changes in static and synamic reflex motor unit activity. The possible clinical significance of these changes is discussed.


President's message. Why the Federation of Orthodontic Associations?


Lymphocyte stimulation by autologous tumor cells in the presence of serum from the same patient or from healthy donors. Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by autologous tumor biopsy cells, by allogeneic lymphocytes and by PHA, was performed in the presence of autologous or allogeneic serum collected from normal blood donors. In 13 of the 15 cases lymphocyte stimulation by autologous tumor cells was inhibited in the presence of autologous serum. In contrast, autologous serum somewhat enhanced the blastogenic effect of PHA and allogeneic lymphocytes.


Progress report on the St. Michael's hospital orthodontic care program.


Monokaryon frequency among survivors from dikaryotic mycelial fragments. If unicellular fragments of dikaryotic fungal mycelia are treated with environmental agents which inactivate their nuclei, a sharp rise of monokaryotic fragments among the survivors is expected. Mathematical evidence is presented that the same is also true for homogeneous multicellular fragment populations. It is shown that almost the same increase in monokaryon frequency is to be expected if the fragment population is heterogeneous and composed of different size fragments, regardless of whether these sizes are randomly or non-randomly distributed in the population. The curves for monokaryon frequencies among survivors are almost identical for all four situations considered. We may conclude that dikaryotic mycelia of higher fungi, such as Schizophyllum commune, are very suitable systems for investigating the effect of environmental agents on the nuclei.


Genotype X environment interactions. II. Some genetical considerations. An algebraic formulation, alternative to that of Mather and Jones (1958) and hierarchial rather than factorial in nauture, is presented for describing the differences among the phenotypes produced by a number of genotypes each grown in each of a number of environments. This formuationdoes not include terms representing statistical interactions between genotypes and environments: it depends instead on comparisons between the different genotypes in their variation over the relevant ranges of environemnts. The two-line case is considered ant eht condition established for linearity of the regress ion of genotype X enviroment interaction (g in Mather and Jones' formulation) on overall effect of the envirronment (e in Mather and Jones' formulation)...


Letter: Fixation devices and neoplastic changes in bone.


Polymorphisms in cyclically-varying environments. We analysed both continuous and discrete two-allele models of cyclically-varying environments with an arbitrary degree of dominance. In continuous models, the gene frequency fluctuates with the period of the environmental oscillation. For the discrete case, the calculations were carried out to second order in selection. In contrast to the continuous models, and depending on the amount of dominance and the intitial gene frequency, fixation is possible as well as polymorphism.


The coming of age of dentistry.

The coming of age of dentistry.


Denti-Cal: Crisis, controversy and confrontation.


Dental investigation of the 1974 SLA shootout.


Effect of metabolic inhibitors on bone lipid synthesis from radioactive bases. Iodoacetate at 10(-3) M and 10(-4) M concentrations was found to strongly inhibit incorporation of both 14C-choline and 3H-inositol into phospholipids of calvaria from newborn rats; it had somewhat less effect on ethanolamine incorporation and almost no effect on serine incorporation. Similar though less dramatic results were observed with cyanide or dinitrophenol at similar concentrations.


Behaviorally based measures for evaluating the nonclinical performance of dentists in team settings. Retranslations of expectations technique was used to develop behaviorally anchored scales for evaluating dentists' utilization of expanded duty dental auxiliaries. To enhance the reliability and validity of such instruments the project focused on specific acts and decisions of the dentist which are either effective or ineffective in accomplishing the health team's tasks.


Localization of amylase in major salivary glands of the guinea pig. The localization of amylase activity in the major salivary glands of adult male and female guinea pigs was determined by a substrate film technique. Parotid and submandibular glands showed intense activity localized to the acini. Only a weak reaction in the lumen of intralobular ducts was observed in sublingual glands. The sex differences in amylase activity reported in other commonly studied laboratory rodents were not detected in this species.


In vivo and in vitro corrosion products of dental amalgam. Corrosion products of amalgam produced in Ringer's solution were compared with products formed in vivo using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and potentiostatic anodic polarization. The corrosion products in an old amalgam were probably a mixture of tin-oxide and tin oxychloride. In vitro corrosion of fresh amalgam resulted in the buildup of similar products.


Nature of pigment in teeth of pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus.


Effects of single exposure to sugar on calcium and phosphorus concentrations of dental plaque. The results from three studies on the plaque of children and adults indicated that the response of the plaque to a single five-minute exposure to sugar cubes or boiled sweets (candies) depended on the initial condition of the plaque. Thus, significant decreases in the levels of calcium and phosphorus in plaque were observed in previously starved plaques but not in plaque from participants without previous dietary sugar restriction.


Truncated Poisson distribution with optimization techniques in the epidemiology of caries. A truncated Poisson distribution provides a closer fit to observed caries in a sample of 10- to 11-year-old children than a previously reported chain binomial distribution. Operations research techniques are used in estimating a parameter.


Electron microscopic structure of the two layers of carious dentin. Two layers of carious dentin from extracted human teeth were observed with an electron microscope. The first layer, which is superficial and fuchsin-stainable, showed degenerated collagen fibers and granular or leaflike inorganic crystals irregularly scattered. The second layer, which is profound and fuchsinunstainable, showed expanded odontoblastic processes, sound collagen fibers, and apatite crystals bound to the fibers like fringes.


Glycoprotein biosynthesis at the time of palate fusion by rabbit palate and maxilla cultured in vitro. The dynamics of glycoprotein biosynthesis in rabbit maxillary and palatal explants at the time of palatal fusion was studied using 3H-fucose and 14C-leucine as precursors. The results show that there is an increase in glycoprotein biosynthesis in the rabbit palate in vitro at a time commensurate with the onset of contact and adherence of the palatal shelves.


Flotation technique for histological preparation of fissure contents of human erupted teeth.


Polyurethane elastomer as a possible resilient material for denture protheses: a microbiological evaluation. A polyurethane elastomer was microbiologically evaluated in vitro for its potential use in resilient denture liners. Specimens were immersed in suspensions of ten selected oral microorganisms; this was followed by viable cell counts at intervals during a 16-week period. Results indicated that the polyurethane neither supported the growth of the organisms nor was it degraded.


Relationship between volume and streptococcal population in dental plaque.


Oxytalan-type fibers in the developing human and equine temporomandibular joint.


Simple vacuum cassette for microradiography.


Cleft palate induction: quantitative studies of 3H corticoids in A/Jax mouse tissues after maternal injections of 3H cortisol. A/Jax mice were injected with 50 muCi of 3H cortisol and 10 mg of cortisone acetate on day 12 of gestation. At various intervals after injection, the maternal liver, placenta, yolk sac, and the fetal jaws were removed and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography in conjunction with oxidative combustion and liquid scintillation counting to identify and measure the amount of labeled corticoid metabolites. The results support the thesis that these corticoids may induce clefts by an individual or combined direct action on the fetal jaws and palatal shelf tissue.


Molar size sequence in the Peruvian Indian.


Consistency vs validity--or are both possible in clinical studies of anticariogenic agents?


Incidence of trifurcated mandibular first permanent molars in the population of Guam.


Bacterial conditions of water in dental units. Stagnant water in the boiler of a dental unit can cause a high bacterial density. A spiral unit is somewhat superior to a boiler in this respect. Normal unchlorinated tapwater is the main problem in achieving hygienic conditions in dental practice. The technical performance of the unit is only partly responsible for the water quality.


Reduction in dentin wear resistance by irradiation and effects of storage in aqueous media. Electromechanical dentin abrasion measurements showed that the irradiation treatment applied before radiotracer dentin abrasion measurements reduced the wear resistance of dentin. This caused changes in the measured relative abrasitivities of dentifrices. Effects of storage in aqueous media were also investigated.


Composition and mechanical properties of gutta-percha endodontic points. Gutta-percha endodontic filling points were found to contain approximately 20% gutta-percha (matrix), 66% zinc oxide (filler), 11% heavy metal sulfates (radiopacifier), and 3% waxes and/or resins (plasticizer). The mechanical properties were indicative of a partially crystalline viscoelastic polymeric material. They were found to obey Hooke's law and displayed a prominent upper and lower yield point when stressed beyond the proportional limit. The essential differences in mechanical properties of individual brands were found to be a function of the gutta-percha and zinc oxide concentration.


Differential pattern of developmental changes of Na+ - stimulated and nonstimulated alkaline phosphatose activities in a microsomal fraction of rat submandibular gland.


Proceedings of the annual session of the American Association for Dental Research. Opening address: science versus technology.


Biochemical and morphological studies of rat submandibular gland: I. Centrifugal fractionation of granule-rich fraction. Submandibular glands from male rats were homogenized in 0.34 M sucrose and 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in 10 mM HEPES buffer at a pH of 7.4. The extract was centrifuged and filtered through nuclepore filters to prepare a granule-rich fraction. Electron dense zymogen granules constituted approximately 85% of the particles in this fraction which also contained about a third of the total alkaline esterase activity in the gland.


Self-reported systemic conditions in an adult study population.


Histology of fissures in human unerupted teeth. An investigation into the contents of the fissures of unerupted teeth was made using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. For this study, 193 unerupted teeth were used. The presence of ameloblasts in the fissures was substantiated, and their role in forming the fissure is discussed.


Method for the clinical evaluation of enamel polish. Enamel polish of 600 children was scored. The method used is simple and comprises a visual comparison of the facial surfaces of incisors with a polish standard prepared by selectively polishing extracted teeth. Examiners with little experience can distinguish degrees of enamel polish. A high-polish dentifrice produced significantly greater enamel polish during the 27-month study. A "polish" with flour of pumice at the beginning of the study did not influence this enamel polish.


President-elect's message: through the looking glass.


Effect of varying amounts of gold in Ag3Sn-amalgam.


Proceedings of the annual session of the American Association for Dental Research. Keynote address: the uses of basic science.


Analysis of blood cortisol levels in oral surgery patients given various levels of intravenous medication. Blood cortisol levels of oral surgery patients were analyzed to objectively determine the effect of intravenous sedation on surgical stress. Results showed a measure of sedation but did not adequately reflect the stress of oral surgery or the changes produced by intravenous sedation.


Glutaminase activity of inflamed human free gingiva.


Structure-activity studies on inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by long-chain aliphatic diamines. A series of long-chain aliphatic diamines, R1R2N(CH2)mNR3-CnH2n+1' was tested for in vitro inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. In general, high activity was found for all analogs with alkyl chains containing 14 to 18 carbons. The nature of the substituents on the remainder of the alkylenediamine were of secondary importance. N-hydroxyethyl substituents tend to decrease activity. Good correlations of activity with quadratic functions of diamine critical micelle concentrations were obtained.


Effects of short-term and long-term administration of procaine hydrochloride and mepivacaine hydrochloride on hexobarbital-induced sleeping times in mice. Investigations were performed to determine the effects of short-and long-term pretreatment with procaine and mepivacaine on hexobarbital-induced sleeping times in mice. It was found that short-term preadministration with procaine (40 mg/kg) and mepivacine (40 and 60 mg/kg) significantly increased hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, but long-term pretreatment had no effect.


New method for comparing the activity of local anesthetics used in dentistry. A method using conscious rats was designed to determine, measure, and compare the local anesthetic property of agents used in dentistry. The technique involves a local anesthetic blockade of the mental and incisive nerves at the mental foramen and electrical stimulation proximal to the anesthetized region. This pharmacodynamic method is simple to perform and appropriate for the assessment of local anesthetics as used in clinical dentistry.


Editorial: The student financial assistance dilemma.


The admissions dilemma.

The admissions dilemma.


Prediction of post-freshman year dental student performance. The orientation of the remedial education program was changed as a result of this study. By using freshman achievement to aid in prediction of later performance it was found that inefficient students could be identified much earlier with reliable accuracy (R equal to 0.9). Although the computer program did not produce a reliable formula for the prediction of specific problem disciplines, it allowed a preventive as well as a remedial mechanism to assist the inefficient student.


Deriving clinical performance standards.


An analysis of several responses-determined scoring techniques used to assess partial knowledge in multiple-choice testing.


Ability of salt and acetic acid to extract human and animal gingival collagen.


Nitrate radicals in apatites.

Nitrate radicals in apatites.


An application of contract grading.

An application of contract grading.


Natural desensitization of exposed tooth roots in dogs. With scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe elemental analysis, and an objective method for eliciting responses to electrical stimuli, exposed tooth root surfaces in dogs were found to become naturally desensitized with time, perhaps because of the formation of acquired pellicle.


Quantitative studies of in vitro inhibition of Streptococcus mutans plaque formation by organic amines. The abilities of five, long-chain aliphatic monamines to inhibit the deposition of plaque formed by Streptococcus mutans on stainless-steel wires were determined. The compounds along with their relative inhibitory potencies that were studied are N-methyltetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, N-ethyldodecylamine, and octylamine. Activities are compared with critical micelle concentrations, partition coefficients, and quantum mechanical charges on the amine nitrogens.


A method for programming video-cassette courseware.


Evaluation by objectives: A systematic approach to the evaluation of educational programs and activities in dental education. In response to the need for more effective utilization of resources, many institutions of higher learning are beginning to use corporate management methods. These methods, MBO being the most familiar example, center on the common comprehension at all levels of the goals of the corporation. However, institutions of higher learning uniformly lack a cohesiveness of purpose that extends from the level of president to that of teaching faculty. It is a mistake to assume that institutional educational goals are understood and supported by appropriate educational objectives at the department and program level. The evaluation-by-objective format is a concise graphical way to identify areas of support and confusion. It can be applied at each level of the institution and transmitted upward so that personnel at each administrative level can see the way in which its goals and objectives are perceived at lower levels. The proposed format facilitates grouping of educational objectives into programs, providing a framework for the estimation of effort and of needed resources. Since perceptions of effort and required resources will differ depending upon perspective, important issues will be identified, a most significant benefit of the system. The format leads to the formulation of an action plan, which should be reviewed periodically. The first step toward scientific management in institutions of higher learning must be a clear understanding of institutional and subunit goals, along with a set of education objectives that will accomplish these goals. The evaluation-by-objective format directs itself to exactly that concern.


Attitudes towards intramural-practice programs in American dental schools.


Editorial: The cash register phenomenon.


The California approach to expanded duties for auxiliaries.


Training program in maxillofacial prosthetics for medical artists. A program in maxillofacial prosthetics for medical artists was initiated at the University of Illinois Medical Center in 1966 as a joint enterprise of the Center for Craniofacial Anomalies of the Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine and the Department of Medical Art of the School of Associated Medical Sciences. In the intervening years, 25 medical artists have been graduated from the program. The general background of the trainees, the scope of their training, and their clinical contribution were discussed and illustrated.


Effect of dietary supplementation of glycine on caries development and lipids in rat molars. The effect of dietary supplementation of glycine at a level of 4% on caries development and the lipid content of rat molar teeth was studied. The glycine supplementation caused a 65.7% reduction in caries development and a 15.1% reduction in lipid content. In a concurrent balance study, it was noted that the dietary glycine did not have any significant effect on the retention of either calcium or phosphorus by the rat's body. Changes in the fatty acid composition of the tooth and a reduction in growth rate were noted, however.


Constructing a natural tooth typodont.

Constructing a natural tooth typodont.


Interpersonal communication skills development: a model for dentistry.


Adhesive penetration in human artificial and natural white spots. Penetration of a liquid adhesive into human artificial and natural white spots, both acid-conditioned and nonconditioned, was studied. All artificial white spots showed penetration of the adhesive. Acid-conditioned natural lesions exhibited penetration to a lesser amount than in vitro lesions. Penetration in nonconditioned natural lesions was not apparent.


Role of the dental technician in professional education. This survey has documented the current role of dental technicians in dental schools in the United States. This role is still rather minor, but it is significant. Some suggestions for improving the situation have been made. A further survey of this kind should be made again in 3-5 years, at which time a comparison with this survey may reveal a developing pattern and some better clues to the future.


Editorial: National health insurance efforts slowed.


Editorial: PSRO's--dead or dying?

Editorial: PSRO's--dead or dying?


The dental externship: an educational methodology for extramural experiences. Although this pilot program in extramural experiences failed to confront any major injustices of the health care system, the establishment of the externship succeeded in filling a major gap in the present curriculum. The selected sites afforded students the experience of relating to psychiatric patients, institutional bureaucracy, and incarcerated populations. Social attitudes appeared modified as a consequence of the externship, and a commitment to improve the delivery system was made.


The construction of dental journalism.

The construction of dental journalism.


Ethics in the professions.

Ethics in the professions.


Stomatology revisited. The solution for professional dentistry in American society.


Toward solving the manpower shortage in dental education. A look at recruitment.


Six-month and one-year clinical evaluation of a composite resin for class II restorations. This clinical study was undertaken to compare a composite resin, containing a modified filler, with a dental amalgam alloy in Class II restorations. Eight senior dental students placed 98 pairs of restoration in 69 patients. After six months and one-year, 69 pairs of restorations in 49 patients were evaluated by two examiners. No significant differences were found between baseline and one-year evaluations for ratings of anatomic form and marginal adaptation. Color match was found to decrease in time, and marginal discoloration was found to increase in time. Failures of restoration were not attributed to the materials, but more probably were caused by faulty cavity preparations. Although the results for each patient analysis indicated no significant differences in anatomic form and marginal adaptation at one year, the B ratings for these two criteria for both types of restorations in this study indicate the need for continued clinical evaluation. The decreased number of composite restorations with good color match is not unexpected and indicates the need for judgment when selecting composite resin as the restorative material in Class II preparations for esthetic purposes. The significant number of composite restoration in this study with increasing marginal discoloration is reason for concern and continued evaluation of these restorations. Marginal discoloration and poor marginal adaptation are factors related to recurrent caries and replacement of restorations. Thus, continued research and clinical evaluation of new restorative materials is a necessity.


Preventive dentistry in private practice: a survey in Kentucky. General practitioners in Kentucky were surveyed to establish a profile of preventive practice in the state and to identify factors influencing the profile. Both questionnaire and interview methods were used. A Kentuckian has a 55% chance of seeing a dentist who advises all his patients about prevention, and an 87% chance of seeing one who adivses some of his patients. Persons between the ages of 6 and 24 are most likely to receive preventive services. The dentist is selective about who receives a preventive-oriented examination, and he is more likely to perform the services than auxillaries. The profile shows the need for a greatly increased emphasis on preventive dentistry in undergraduate and continuing education courses and for the increased use of auxiliary personnel in the delivery of preventive services.


Electromygraphic biofeedback and tricyclic antidepressants in myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: psychological predictors of outcome. Training in muscle relaxation using electromyographic biofeedback was successful in relieving myofascial pain-dysfunction symptoms in 15 of 23 patients. Half of the remainder were helped by tricyclic antidepressants. Effects of the therapies corresponded to psychological factors assessed before treatment. The implications of these factors are discussed.


The influence of proximal retention grooves on the retention and resistance of class II preparations for amalgams. The addition of proximal retention grooves to various designs of the Class II cavity preparation considerably improves the retention and resistance characteristics of amalgam restorations. The incorporation of proximal grooves should reduce the necessity for gross outline form as a means of gaining adequate retention adn resistance in the Class II preparation.


Editorial: Three-year curriculum-- workable but tough on everyone.


Letter: More prepayment data.

Letter: More prepayment data.


Letter: On continuing education.

Letter: On continuing education.


Letter: Motivation is key.

Letter: Motivation is key.


Radiology clinic.

Radiology clinic.


Tooth-filing in Bali.

Tooth-filing in Bali.


Brain damage after intrathecal methotrexate. Ten brains from leukaemic patients given intrathecal methotrexate and 10 from leukaemic patients without intrathecal therapy have been examined. Three of the methodtrexate treated patients appear to have died from their therapy. The histological changes consisted of destruction of oligodendrocytes, sometimes complete over large areas, and sometimes relatively slight. All the patients who survived long enough after treatment showed severe astrocytosis.


Letter: Treatment of plunging ranula.

Letter: Treatment of plunging ranula.


Letter: The x-ray request.

Letter: The x-ray request.


Letter: Specialty boards for specialists.


Editorial: A time for discussion and a time for unity.


Survey of local anesthetic toxicity in the families of patients with atypical plasma cholinesterase. There have been reports of toxic reactions to ester-type local anesthetics in patients with genetic anomalies of plasma cholinesterase in so-called dibucaine-resistant homozygotes or heterozygotes. Because of these reports, 23 patients with prolonged apnea after administration of succinylcholine were studied with Kalow's method for abnormal dibucaine number (DN), which characterizes this condition, and for the history of local anesthetic toxicity. Thirty-eight relatives of abnormal individuals were studied in the same manner. Two atypical dibucaine-resistant homozygotes and the relative of one of these had toxic reactions to ester-type local anesthetics. Although low doses of ester-type local anesthetics may be tolerated by atypical homozygotes, these agents are best avoided and amide-type local anesthetics or tetracaine, which is hydrolyzed at a normal rate, should be used. Individuals with atypical plasma cholinesterase should wear a Medic-Alert bracelet or amulet so that complications and fatalities can be avoided.


Establishing rapport. I. Verbal interaction.


The combined anterior and posterior maxillary ostectomy: a new technique. We have used the combined simultaneous anterior and posterior maxillary ostectomy to correct 32 dentofacial deformities during the past five years. Alterations and improvements in the procedure advocated by us in 1969 have made it more versatile. In indicated cases, it provides the best method to obtain optimum esthetic and functional results. In our experience, this approach permits a direct and definitive method for the correction of a group of dentofacial deformities that have been previously approached less directly with resulting compromised functional and esthetic results. The indications, methods of treatment, and follow-up data of this procedure are presented with two illustrative cases.


Clinico-pathological conference. Case 12, part 1.


Juvenile hemangioendothelioma: report of a case and review of the literature. A solitary juvenile hemangioendothelioma on the maxillary gingiva of a newborn white male has been presented. No recurrence or evidence of systemic involvement has been noted in the 18 months following excision. The literature was reviewed with emphasis on the varying location and behavior of the lesion and the methods of treatment. Simple excision of the isolated, histologically benign neoplasm is recommended provided adequate follow-up is assured.


Central hemangioma of mandible.

Central hemangioma of mandible.


Soft tissue closure of unilateral congenital maxillary alveolar cleft. A surgical procedure for the soft tissue closure of a congenital maxillary osseous and soft tissue cleft is presented. Normal function is established and prosthodontic replacement of congenital dental defects is facilitated.


An appliance that permits early mobilization after correction of mandibular prognathism. With certain orthognathic surgery patients, such as epileptics, severe asthmatics, or those with other medical problems that increase risk during intermaxillary fixation, there occasionally may be an indication for a reduced fixation time. By using Vitallium mesh for stability, immobilization for 2 to 2 1/2 weeks has proved to be sufficient in a limited number of cases. Mobilization before two weeks has not been attempted. The procedure, however, is not recommended as a routine method of fixation.


The effects of exchange transfusion on intracranial pressure in patients with Reye syndrome. Intracranial pressure has been monitored in ten patients with Reye syndrome. All of the patients were comatose and all were treated with dexamethasone, mannitol, hyperventilation, and multiple exchange transfusions. Five of these children are alive and well; five died. In each case ICP monitoring allowed for immediate treatment and evaluation of the mode of therapy used to reduce elevated ICP. Exchange transfusions in all patients either reduced the increased ICP or made the pressure rises easier to manage. ICP is not always reflected by lumbar spinal fluid pressure or clinical state. In our hands, ICP monitoring has proved to be a safe technique for the investigation of the significance of raised ICP in the outcome of patients with Reye syndrome and of the effectiveness of a chosen therapy in reducing this pressure.


Clinical comparison of the free soft tissue autograft and partial thickness apically positioned flap--preoperative gingival or mucosal margins. Apically positioned split thickness flaps were performed at two selected sites in each of 10 patients. Equivalent amounts of periosteum were left exposed to standardize the method. In five patients the preoperative dentogingival margins consisted of gingiva, whereas in the five others a margin of alveolar mucosa was present. In all patients the pre-existing margin was sutured apically to periosteum, after reflection of the split thickness flap. At one surgical site in each patient a free soft tissue autograft, donated from the palate, was sutured to the periosteum left exposed coronal to the apically positioned flap margin. The second surgical site was left not covered by any biological dressing. Measurements from three fixed reference points on a stable acrylic device were recorded preoperatively and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The graft and split thickness flap procedures were then biometrically compared by application of the Null Hypothesis and t test for the difference of the means to determine any significant differences. It was concluded that the presence of a preoperative dentogingival margin of gingiva suggested that either the free graft or split flap procedure would eliminate pockets extending beyond the mucogingival junction, and would establish adequate zones of attached gingiva without deformity at the dentogingival junction. However, the presence of a preoperative margin of alveolar mucosa suggested the use of the free soft tissue autograft to attain the above. The thickness of connective tissue afforded by a preoperative margin of gingiva was assumed to be the responsible factor for the above conclusions.


An evaluation of clinical tooth mobility measurements. This study evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of the modified Miller Index of horizontal tooth mobility. Each of three periodontists utilizing the modified Miller Index assessed the horizontal tooth mobility of 50 teeth in five subjects. The same teeth were also evaluated by the periodontometer. The results of these two methods were then compared. It was found that: (1) there were a high positive correlation between the periodontists' (pooled) assessment of clinical tooth mobility and the measurements of the periodontometer, (2) in any given patient the three periodontists (pooled) were highly accurate in their ability to rank teeth in order of their mobility as determined by the periodontometer, and (3) the periodontists (individually) were not as consistent when comparing teeth with the Miller Index across different subjects. The periodontists did not accurately utilize the Miller Index as it was originally described. It appears that the periodontists either ignored the reference to 1 mm in the description of the Miller Index, or they were unable to estimate what constitutes 1 mm of movemnet in the mouth. The periodontists all consistently scored as a 2 degrees mobility a tooth that moved approximately 0.5 mm not 1.0 mm as described by Miller. It is suggested that the modified Miller Index as described here provides an efficacious system for evaluating horizontal tooth mobility. It provides accurate, reproducible mobility scores in clinical studies requiring an estimation of this parameter. However, for individual teeth, when the clinician or researcher is trying to evaluate the effects of therapy on the periodontium and relatively few evaluation are made, the modified Miller Index may not provide the required degree of sensitively.


Bilateral patent nasopalatine ducts.

Bilateral patent nasopalatine ducts.


Some anatomical factors related to furcation involvements. A total of 305 dry human skull specimens were examined for the presence of furcation involvements. Of a total of 188 furcation involvements, 142 (75%) were related to the close proximity of the furcation to the cemento enamel junction of the tooth.


Clinical observation of dental plaque maturation. Application of oxidation-reduction indicator dyes.


Ultrastructural gingival reactions to gold foil restorations. In the case of class-V gold foil restorations prepared below the gingival sulcus in beagle dogs after elevation of a flap, chronic inflammatory changes were observed after 3 weeks in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue of the gingiva with the presence of dental plaque between the gold restorations and sulcular epithelium. However no inflammation was observed in the junctional epithelium and the subjacent connective tissue 3 weeks after implantation of a gold strip burnished and bounded to the root surface after elevation of a flap. The cell membranes of the superficial epithelial cells were either directly applied to the gold surface or were separated from the latter by an extracellular space about 200 to 500 A in width. No hemidesmosomes were seen. The different responses noted in the two experiments are related to the presence or absence of dental plaque and probably to the surface difference of the gold restorations.


Effect of tongue brushing on formation of dental plaque. The effect of tongue brushing on formation of dental plaque was studied in two groups of dental hygiene students. In one of the groups plaque formation during a 4-day period of no oral hygiene procedures was compared to a 4-day period of tongue brushing as the only hygiene procedure. In the other group tongue brushing as an adjunct to tooth brushing was evaluated on plaque formation during 7-day periods of partially ineffective tooth brushing. Both experiments failed to show any effect of the tongue brushing on plaque formation.


In vitro attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to root surfaces. Human gingival fibroblasts were used to study the in vitro attachment of cells to the root surface of periodontally-involved teeth. The portion of the root exposed to the disease process had little or no cell attachment; on the remainder of the root, the cells attached normally. Prior extraction of the roots with phenol-water or the mechanical removal of diseased cementum allowed the cells to attach normally. All things being equal, the extrapolation of these data to an in vivo situation dictates that a clinical success would depend upon complete removal of toxic materials from diseased cementum or the removal of the cementum itself.


Similarity of epithelial relationships in the gingiva of rat and man.


New method of viewing root surfaces.

New method of viewing root surfaces. A new technique, density slicing and color coding, was utilized in examining root surfaces. This technique proved to be an adjunct in evaluating tooth surfaces and appeared to have future dental application. Density slicing and color coding vividly portrays the root surface, the depth of depressions and the concentration and flow pattern of calculus, enhancing the ability of the naked eye to visualize root surface topography.


Relations between early dental calculus production and calcium and phosphate parameters of salivary fractions. A pilot study was carried out to obtain an idea of the strength of the relations between early mandibular calculus production in humans and amounts and concentrations of bound calcium and phosphate in three salivary fractions. The salivary fractions were: (1) the spontaneous precipitate from incubated whole saliva, (2) the spontaneous precipitate from incubated centrifugal (20,000 X g) saliva supernatant and (3) the fresh centrifugal saliva sediment. Strong and highly significant correlations were found for the amount and concentration of calcium in the fresh sediment and whole saliva precipitate fractions. Although the correlations for the calcium parameters of the saliva supernatant precipitate were not significant, there were significant differences in these parameters between low and high calculus formers as determined by Student's t test. Relations between calculus production and amount and concentration of phosphate were weaker and not significant for all fractions. The data suggest that the amount or concentration of calcium in fresh saliva sediment is an important determinant of early mandibular calculus production.


The effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-glucose on the efferent discharge rate of sympathetic nerves. Efferent discharges were recorded from nerve filaments dissected from the adrenal and renal nerves in the rabbit. 2. An increase in discharge rate was observed in the adrenal nerve filaments following I.V. administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). No change in discharge rate after 2-DG infusion was observed in the renal nerve filaments. 3. A decrease in discharge rate of the adrenal nerve filaments was observed after I.V. injection of glucose, but there was no change in the activity of renal nerve filaments. 4. Transection of the spinal cord abolished the adrenal nerve response to the systemic administration of 2-DG and glucose. 5. It is suggested that there might be a pathway from the hypothalmic area to the adrenal nerve cells of the spinal cord, but not to the renal nerve cells, through which activity of the adrenal nerve might be changed in response to 2-DG and glucose infusion.


A simple test to determine the need for occlusal treatment. This report has described simple confirmation tests which show the direct relationship between a patient's occlusal interferences and his neuromuscular or temporomandibular articulation dysfunction. These tests are simple to perform, take only a few minutes, and aid in confirming the need for occlusal therapy.


Psychological considerations in maxillofacial prosthetics. An attempt has been made to integrate information from psychological principles and clinical research which is relevant to maxillofacial prosthetics. Attention was given to the role of body parts in the human experience, with particular consideration of facial aspects. The importance of the maxillofacial region in early development, personality dynamics, and day-to-day interpersonal relationships was reviewed together with several specific problems which often accompany maxillofacial changes in structure or function. The dentist must be concerned with the patient's expectations, personality characteristics, and ability to accept and integrate the prosthesis. Several implications for clinical practice were presented. The dentist's understanding and utilization of psychological considerations should result in increased effectiveness in treatment and rehabilitation of maxillofacial patients.


The cast restoration--why is it high?

The cast restoration--why is it high? Two clinical variables previously cited in the literature have been related to inaccuracies inherent in some indirect quadrant and full dental arch techniques. The Coe checkbite tray system appears to control these clinical variables better than any other procedure presently in use. No attempt has been made to correlate concepts discussed herein with restorative Types II and III which require more sophisticated procedures. The choice of any technique must be based upon intelligent gathering of pertinent facts of clinical history, examination procedures, diagnosis, and treatment planning.


Diurnal variance of centric relation position.


Physical problems in obtaining records of the maxillofacial patient. The maxillofacial prosthodontist has the dilemma of obtaining jaw relation records with structures that have been altered anatomically and/or physiologically. In the maxillae, problems associated with stability of the recording base require the prosthodontist to equalize pressure as best he can in obtaining jaw records. The maxillofacial prosthodontist is faced with the additional problem of altered mandibular movements. Five patients with lateral resections of the mandible were tested in a pilot study. These patients could not make protrusive or repeatable lateral movements. Anatomic correlations, especially the unilateral action of the mylohyoid muscle, may account for this pattern of abnormal mandibular movements. This study will continue.


The value of the nose width as an esthetic guide in prosthodontics. A radiographic method was used to measure the interalar and interalar-fold widths of the nose on 80 men and women. These distances were compared to the subjects' intercanine distances as measure on artificial stone casts. In 56 of the subjects, the width of the skeletal nasal aperture was measured and compared to the intercanine distance. From the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1. There was no significant relationship between the intercanine distance and the interalar width of the nose in the 80 men and women who served as subjects in this study. 2. There was no significant relationship between the intercanine distance and the interalar-fold width of the nose in the 80 men and women in this study. 3. The presence or absence of a significant relationship between the intercanine distance and the width of the skeletal nasal aperture was not demonstrated conclusively in this study. 4. The results of this study show that the width of the nose would not be a reliable guide for selecting or arranging artificial anterior teeth, provided one concurs that they should be the same size and shape and occupy the same position as their natural predecessors.


Mouth protector for an edentulous patient. Upper and lower bases and occlusion rims are made of a soft vinyl plastic to form a mouth protector for an edentulous patient. In practical use, the patient can breathe more comfortably with the protectors in place (Fig. 4) than with dentures in the mouth. In addition, the prosthesis is an aid in the prevention of injury to the jaws and head.


The continuing vitamin C controversy.

The continuing vitamin C controversy.


Effects of three mouthwashes on existing dental plaque accumulations.


Letter: Anteroposterior position of Myo-Monitor centric.


Effects of povidone-iodine and isotonic saline on the oral health of children.


Comparative toothbrush efficiency utilizing a new oral hygiene index. Through the use of a newly developed Hygiene Analysis Index (HAI), nine toothbrushes were evaluated for plaque-removing efficiency in 11 dental students. Results indicate that brush selection is an individual matter with no one brush clearly superior to all others. Further study is necessary before definite conclusions can be made.