Bone scanning-osteogenic sarcoma. Correlation with surgical pathology. This study was designed to evaluate the role of isotopic scanning in determining the local extension of osteosarcoma. During the period of the study, 13 patients wtih biopsy proven osteosarcomas were evaluated. The results indicated that in no case did the isotope scan demonstrate greater intramedullary extension of tumor than the routine roentgenographic examination. In addition, despite good correlation between the roentgenogram, scan, and histologic evaluation of tumor extent, all of which showed no evidence of malignancy near the area of surgery,there have been to date 3 local recurrences.


Acute granulocytic leukemia in Hodgkin's disease. Two cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia were observed in Hodgkin's disease patients two and five years following intensive radiation therapy.  Sixteen additional cases of acute granulocytic leukemia occurring in radiation-treated Hodgkin's disease patients have been reported in the literature and are reviewed.  It is suggested that the development of acute leukemia was related to irradiation in these patients, and that additional such cases could be expected with the use of intensive radiation and chemotherapy, a risk probably justified in view of the improved control of Hodgkin's disease achieved by these programs.


An Oxford T-piece adaptor for the Amsterdam ventilator.


Some factors related to mandibular third molar impaction.


The craniofacial morphology of Nubian schoolchildren.


Postretention study: incidence and stability of rotated teeth in humans.


Behavior of the maxillary first molar in three planes with emphasis on its role of providing room for the second and third molars during growth.


The angular relationship between the maxillary and Frankfort lines.


Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition in white, black, and Apache indian children.


An investigation of the mandibular third molars in orthodontic cases.


Letter: Duplication of Philadelphia chromosome in acute transition of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.


Alcohol and the cell. Introduction.

Alcohol and the cell. Introduction.


The role of alcoholism in hepatic iron storage disease.


Alcoholism, alcoholic pancreatitis, and pancreatic secretion.


Intestinal function in chronic alcoholism.


Relationship between alcoholism and pancreatic insufficiency.


Liver disease, alcohol, and malnutrition: introductory remarks.


Effects of chronic ethanol administration on intestinal absorption in man in the absence of nutritional deficiency.


Heart cell responses to ethanol.

Heart cell responses to ethanol.


Metabolic effects of alcohol on the heart.


The muscle cell in chronic alcoholism: the possible role of phosphate depletion in alcoholic myopathy.


Alcohol-related skeletal disorders.

Alcohol-related skeletal disorders.


Alcohol and hematopoiesis.

Alcohol and hematopoiesis.


Hematologic abnormalities involving vitamin B6 and folate metabolism in alcoholic subjects.


Alcoholism and the risk of cancer.

Alcoholism and the risk of cancer.


The platelet defect in alcoholism.

The platelet defect in alcoholism.


Tuberculosis and alcoholism.

Tuberculosis and alcoholism.


Epidemiologic investigations of possible biological interactions of alcohol and cancer of the head and neck.


Protein synthesis in the hepatocyte.

Protein synthesis in the hepatocyte.


Purification of tubulin and associated high molecular weight proteins from porcine brain and characterization of microtubule assembly in vitro.


The site of in vivo assembly of flagellar microtubules.


Ciliary inhibition and axonemal microtubule alterations in freshwater mussels.


Directionality and rate of assembly of chick brain tubulin onto pieces of neurotubules, flagellar axonemes, and basal bodies.


A reexamination of the reaction between colchicine and tubulin. The rate of reversible dissociation of the colchicine-tubulin complex has been determined for purified porcine brain tubulin and for sea urchin tubulin from 100,000 times g supernatant. The rate constant, which is essentially the same for both species, is extremely slow; it corresponds to a half-life of approximately 36 hours for the reaction. This rate was the same whether or not sucrose was present, and was not influenced by low concentrations of vinblastine or by millimolar concentrations of colchicine. The association rate constant was determined for porcine brain tubulin with and without CaCl2. The sample without CaCl2 had been maximally polymerized prior to the addition of colchicine. A 4.7-fold difference was observed between the association rate constants under these two conditions. Equilibrium constants calculated from the measured rate constants are 5 to 20 times greater than directly measured values; this suggests that the interaction of microtubules and colchicine is more complex than was previously thought.


Purification of rat brain tubulin.

Purification of rat brain tubulin.


Properties of tubulin prepared by affinity chromatography.


Preliminary studies on affinity labeling of the tubulin-colchicine binding site. The present results argue that irradiation of a colchicine-tubulin complex at 366 nm results in destruction of the binding site and the labeling of a small molecule soluble in chloroform-methanol.


Alpha- and beta-tubulin: separation and partial sequence analysis.


Programmed synthesis of flagellar tubulin during cell differentiation in Naegleria. Amebae of Naegleria gruberi differentiate into flagellates when transferred from growth medium to non-nutrient buffer. This differentiation, which requires 48 min at 28 degrees C, is dependent on transcription and translation. Tubulin of the flagellar outer doublets comprises about 0.15% of the protein of flagellate, and only about 1-2% of the total tubulin. An antiserum to flagellar (outer-doublet) tubulin contains antibodies that react selectively with flagellar tubulin. Measurements using this antiserum have shown that 97-98% of the flagellar tubulin antigen appears during differentiation. The appearance of tubulin antigen is sensitive to actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Isotope dilution experiments using [35S]methione demonstrated that at least 70% of the flagellar tubulin is synthesized from amino acids during differentiation. Experiments using both the specific antiserum and isotopes have shown that flagellar tubulin synthesis begins about one-third of the way through differentiation, before any morphological change has occurred. These experiments demonstrate that most, if not all, of the flagellar tubulin is synthesized de novo during differentiation, and that cells selectively use a specific subpopulation of tubulin in assembling the outer doub)lets. The results bring into focus major unsolved questions about the synthesis and assembly of flagellar tubulin.


Structural stability of calf brain microtubule protein.


Regulation of tubulin expression through the cell cycle.


Tubulin synthesis in a heterologous cell-free system.


Aspects of spindle evolution.

Aspects of spindle evolution.


Studies on the mechanism of mitosis.

Studies on the mechanism of mitosis.


Involvement of the microtubule in replication cycles of animal viruses.


Cold-labile and cold-stable microtubules in the mitotic spindle of mammalian cells.


Negatively stained vinblastine aggregates.


The role of nucleotides in microtubule assembly.


X-ray patterns from microtubules.

X-ray patterns from microtubules.


Role of intermediates in microtubule assembly in vivo and in vitro.


The mechanism of microtubule-dependent movement of pigment granules in teleost chromatophores. The relationship of cytoplasmic microtubules to intracellular transport has been investigated in teleost chromatophores. Antimitotic agents, including colchicine, vinblastine, hydrostatic pressure, and low temperature remove microtubules in these cells and simultaneously disrupt the alignment and arrest the movement of pigment granules. During recovery, the return of alignment and movement corresponds in both time and space with the repolymerization of microtubules. These results demonstrate that microtubules are essential for the intracellular transport of pigment. Investigations of the mechanism of movement show that microtubules do not change in number or location during the redistribution of pigment in Fundulus melanophores. Microtubules in melanophores also behave as semi-stable organelles as determined by investigation with colchicine and hydrostatic pressure. These observations and others rule out a push-pull mechanism based on the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules or one that distinguishes two operationally different sets of microtubules. It is proposed instead that particles move by sliding along a fixed array of microtubules.


The step at which colchicine blocks the secretion of plasma protein by rat liver.


The role of rings in the assembly of microtubules in vitro.


Changes in dental caries and calculus development in rats through additions of magnesium, orthophosphate and fluoride to high-sucrose diets.


The relationship of creatinine clearance to serum fluoride concentration and urinary fluoride excretion in man.


Acid hydrolases in developing oro-facial structures of the rat.


Caries resistance in children with congenital chloride diarrhoea.


Induction of cellular hypersensitivity to oral microorganisms in guinea-pigs.


Transalveolar fibres in the human periodontium.


An experimental model for the investigation of the tooth support mechanism.


The structure of experimental in vitro lesions around silicate fillings in human teeth.


The effect of beta-aminoproprionitrile on acid hydrolyases and selected metabolities in oro-facial structure of foetal rats.


Histology of natural secondary caries associated with silicate cement restorations in human teeth.


A histological study of the formation and development of the soft palate in mice and man.


An x-radiocephalometric study of mandibulofacial dysostosis in man.


Analysis of stresses in alveolar bone-a two-dimensional photo-elastic model.


Lipid changes in human male parotid saliva by stimulation.


The origin of trigeminal response components elicited by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp of the cat.


Thermal conductivity of normal and abnormal human dentine.


Plaque dialysate effects on human lymphocyte blastogenesis and inflammatory responses.


Variation in the amylase isoenzymes of human parotid saliva in health and disease.


The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in zinc-deficient rat buccal epithelium.


Cell kinetic nature and diurnal periodicity of the rat periodontal ligament.


Orthodontics and Western Australia.

Orthodontics and Western Australia.


Orthodontic treatment of children with clefts of the lip and the palate.


The account--photostat method.

The account--photostat method.


Sterilization--tubal approach or hysterectomy?


Letter: Use of the minivent with electric suction appartus.


Extraovular hypertonic saline for the induction of abortion in the second quarter of pregnancy.


A depth gauge for assessing the length of screw required in mandibular plating.


The use of a Le Fort I osteotomy as a surgical approach.


Combined cleft lip revision, anterior fistula closure and maxillary osteotomy; a one-stage procedure. The syndrome of defects which characterise the cleft lip and palate patient undergoing secondary surgery is listed, and the traditional system of multiple sequential operations for its correction is challenged.  A single stage combined procedure is described which permits the correction of maxillary collapse and hypoplasia to be combined with closure of an anterior palatal fistula and lip revision, together with some improvement of abnormal nasal appearance.


Haemangioma of the maxilla: a case report. A rapidly expanding central haemangioma of the left maxilla in a 7-year-old boy was treated by ligation of the left external carotid and facial arteries and of the major vessel draining the lesion.  Clinical and radiographic regression of the lesion has followed this treatment.  Possible alternative approaches are discussed, as are the appropriate diagnostic techniques.


An unusual case of 'haemorrhagic' bone cyst. An unusual case of hemorrhagic bone cyst observed over a period of 12 years is presented.  The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical exploration and histological examination of the tissue.  The lesion continued to expand in spite of repeated surgical mandible.  Finally, bone formation obliterated the cavity completely at the age of 19, when the facial deformity was corrected.  It is suggested that this hemorrhagic bone cyst is of developmental origin.  Since intramedullary haemorrhage and proliferation of giant cells are both responsible for the cavity formation and expansion, it is possible that aberrant formation of giant cells by fusion of endothelial cells of abnormal blood vessels may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of this condition.


Maxillary antrolith: a case report.

Maxillary antrolith: a case report.


Fibrosarcoma in the mandible--a case report.


A radiological investigation into the age changes of the inferior dental artery. An angiographic study of 23 cadavers and 100 patients showed that arterial disease affected the inferior dental artery earlier in life than the rest of the carotid arteries and their branches.  Approximately a 15-year difference was noted, the difference being highly significant statistically.  The loss of teeth was associated with these changes but statistically the correlation was less significant.  The possible reasons for these changes and the surgical implications are discussed.


Myxoma of the gingiva: a case report.

Myxoma of the gingiva: a case report.


Streptococci isolated from post-extraction bacteraemias. One hundred and fifty streptococci were isolated from blood cultures taken following the extraction of teeth. The cultural, biochemical and serological characteristics of the organisms are presented and their antibiotic sensitivities discussed. It is shown that a detailed assessment of these organisms can be made rather than considering them all as Streptococcus viridans.


Emphysema of soft tissues complicating endodontic treatment using hydrogen peroxide: a case report.


BCG in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, who were in remission after induction with prednisone and vincristine and consolidation with intravenous methotrexate, were randomized into three groups receiving (1) no further therapy, (2) BCG, and (3) chemotherapy with biweekly methotrexate and monthly prednisone and vincristine. Children continuing in remission after 8 mo on chemotherapy in group 3 were rerandomized into three similar groups, i.e., no therapy, BCG, and chemotherapy. In the primary randomization, the median duration of remission was identical in the groups receiving no therapy or BCG, (4 and 4.3 mo respectively), and both were significantly less than the median duration of remission on chemotherapy which had not been reached prior to secondary randomization at 8 mo. Results of secondary randomization were similar to those of primary randomization. As used in this study, BCG was ineffective in prolonging drug-induced remissions either early in remission or when the leukemic cell population might have been further reduced after 8 mo of maintenance chemotherapy.


Properties of chromosomal proteins of human leukemic cells. Purified chromatin isolated from lymphocytic cells derived from patients with acute leukemia, or other lymphoproliferative disorders has been compared with chromatin isolated from normal human lymphocytic cells by gel electrophoresis and differential gradient ultracentrifugation. Thermal denaturation studies showed higher Tm values for chromatin from leukemic cells, as compared to that of lymphocytic cells from normal donors or patients with infectious mononucleosis, reflecting the diverse complexity of these chromatins with respect to their varying chemical compositions. There are significant differences in the ratios of DNA:RNA:protein, as well as in the ratios of chromatin-associated histone and non-histone proteins; although chromatin-associated histones were more homogeneous than were the non-histone proteins, as adjudged by amino acid analyses and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. These differences in chromatin structure may relate to the differences in gene expression characteristic of these lymphocytic cells. The chromosomal acidic proteins isolated from the purified chromatin of human leukemic cells greatly stimulated the template activity of the chromatin in in vitro RNA synthesis. The non-histone proteins selectively interact with chromatins and influence the RNA polymerase reactions, indicating that there is selective tissue specificity of non-histone proteins.


Leukaemic transformation of f1-hybrid cells after inoculation of parental leukaemic cells. An aneuploid chromosomal anomaly was observed in more than 90% of the mitoses of a spontaneous acute lymphatic leukaemia in C57BL/6J mice preserved by passage in the strain of origin since 1967. The leukaemia is strain-specific and causes the death of its recipients within 9 days. After repeated transfers within F1-hybrids tagged with the T6-marker chromosome, mitoses containing both the chromosomal anomaly of the leukaemic cells and the T6-marker of the semiallogeneic host were observed. This evidence of malignant transformation is compared to leukaemic transformation as observed after clinical bone marrow transplantation.


Segmental analysis of spinal cord monoamines after thoracic transection in the dog. The noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin content from 10 segments of the dog spinal cord before and after a T7 transection were measured. The levels of amines were highest in the conus medullaris. However, when calculated per gram cord grey matter, noradrenaline was found to be concentrated in the midthoracic and sacral cord, while serotonin was concentrated in the mid-thoracic region. Levels of dopamine were very low throughout the spinal cord. Up to 3 days after a T7 transection, the levels of all 3 amines did not change in the distal cord segments. Ten days after transection the level of all 3 amines were less than twice tissue blank distally. This segmental analysis of dog spinal cord shows some potentially important differences from previous studies of cat and rat.


Proceedings: Effect of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors and centrally administered noradrenaline on (+)-amphetamine anorexia in mice.


Letter: Maintenance therapy in myeloma: risk versus benefit.


A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and thorotrast-accumulation. A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in a 50 years old patient, 26 years after thorotrast injection, is reported. In spite of intensive therapy, he died 2 years after diagnosis of disease. The cytogenetic showed the usual thorotrast radiation-induced abnormalities, although to a greater extent than reported in leterature. Furthermore a hypodiploidy was present, which was connected with ALL. In addition the patient exhibited the interesting phenomenon of giant satellites on one of his D14-chromosomes. This abnormally was found also in his mother and son. The question arises, how far the inherited cytogenetic pattern and the thorotrast radiation each contributed to the development of ALL.


Acute leukemia in adults: assessment of remission induction with combination chemotherapy by clinical and cell-culture criteria. Remission induction was assessed by clinical and cell-culture criteria for 65 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 11 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis and 19 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).  Cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside and vincristine (CAV) therapy resulted in complete remission in 23 of 50 previously untreated patients with AML and in 3 of the 11 patients with CML.  Fourteen patients with ALL responded to vincristine-prednisone induction therapy and two to induction therapy with CAV.  The median duration of survival of the responding patients was 2.2 years, compared with 4 months for the patients who did not respond to treatment.  Granulopoietic colony formation, assessed by assay of colony-forming units dependent on colony-stimulating activity in culture (CFU-C), was abnormal in 37 of 42 bone marrow aspirates from patients with AML before treatement.  CFU-C concentration increased when leukocyte-conditioned medium (LCM) was added to the cultures; 13 cultures had normal or elevated CFU-C concentration with LCM.  Marrow cells of patients with ALL or CML in blast crisis demonstrated a similar pattern.  Serial studies of marrow CFU-C concentration of 31 patients with AML demonstrated a change to a normal pattern with successful remission induction.  Results of this study suggest that administration of purified LCM to leukemic patients might increase granulocyte production from potential but unstimulated granulopoietic precursors.  This therapy would lessen the probability of death from infection during remission induction.


Butyric acid, a potent inducer of erythroid differentiation in cultured erythroleukemic cells. Butyric acid is an unusually potent inducer of erythroid differentiation in cultured erythroleukemic cells. It is effective at one hundredth the concentration required of dimethylsulfoxide, a most effective inducing agent. Studies using a variety of analogues and metabolites suggest that the structural features of butyric acid are rather stringently required for induction. This effect is considered in view of the fact that butyric acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid, is effective in relatively low concentrations, and is widely used to form derivatives of cAMP.


Should dentists measure blood pressures?


The endodontic pressure syringe.

The endodontic pressure syringe.


Differentiation of erythroleukemia cells in vitro: properties of chemical inducers. Murine erythroleukemia cells growing in vitro can be induced to differentiate. The physical properties of chemical inducers has been defined and has permitted the recognition of a variety of potent inducers. The compounds can be linear, branched, or aromatic molecules. Some are methylated. All are low molecular weight basic compounds which are hydrophylic and are potent cryoprotective agents. The inducing effects of combinations of some agents are synergistic while others are additive. These observations will permit a rational search for inducing agents with increased potency and decreased toxicity.


Dental status of the institutionalized elderly population of Edinburgh. A randomly selected population of 442 persons in Edinburgh was interviewed and examined. Although 71 % of the sample required treatment, only 52 % were physically and mentally able to benefit from treatment. Thirty percent of the sample were able to use public transport to attend a dentist, 66 % would require cars and ambulance transport and 4 % were bedridden and would require domiciliary dental services. Twenty-one percent of the sample had thought about seeking dental treatment, while only 25 % had heard how to claim exemption from or help towards dental charges. Edentulousness was present in 91 % of the sample, only 41 persons having remaining natural teeth. Seventy-three percent were wearing dentures which required adjustment or replacement, but only 39 % thought their dentures were unsatisfactory. In 58 % of the patients the oral tissues were so deformed or resorbed that the prosthodontic treatment needed would be complex and require special skills. Half of the sample had some form of denture-induced pathology which required either conservative or surgical treatment.


Oral health status and need of dental treatment in the elderly Danish population. Oral health and dental treatment needs were investigated in 560 elderly persons in the county of Vestsjaelland (West Zealand) in Denmark. Of the population aged 65 and above in three typical communities in the county, 10% were selected by random sampling and totaled 633 persons. Of these, 560 persons (88.5%) were interviewed and examined in their homes. The final sample population was representative of the total Danish population in relation to sex and socioeconomic status for this specific age group. Oral health was generally poor. In all, 68.2% of the population were edentulous (64.7 of the males, 70.7% of the females), while the dentate persons had an average of 12 teeth; 3.6% were totally edentulous and lacked dentures in both jaws, a further 5.5% were totally edentulous and lacked a denture in one jaw, and 83.4% had removable dentures. Only 3.4% of the dentate and 28.2% of the edentulous persons did not need any dental treatment. The total percentage of people needing treatment was 80. Prosthetic treatment was the main requirement, applying to 80% of the group. In contrast with this, only 25% of the interviewed subjects had a subjective need for treatment. Information and economic aids for dental treatment are obviously needed in the elderly Danish population.


An epidemiologic study of yeasts in elderly denture wearers. The purpose of this study has been to assess the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida infection in an elderly Danish population. Ten percent of the population above the age of 65 in a Danish community was selected randomly. The study group consisted of 465 persons wearing a removable maxillary denture, who were examined in their homes. Yeasts were isolated by oral swabs for cultivation and by mucosal and denture scrapings for microscopy. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 65%. Yeasts, especially C. albicans, were cultivated in most denture wearers with denture stomatitis (Group 1) or with clinically normal palatal mucosa (Group 2). However, large accumulations of hyphae were present in 77% of the patients in Group 1 compared with 47% in Group 2; both hyphae and inflammatory cells were seen in smears in 65% of Group 1 but only in 14% of Group 2. On the other hand, bacterial contamination of the smears was more pronounced in Group 2 than in Group 1. The study has revealed that candida infection and poor denture cleanliness are very common in elderly denture wearers.


An approach to objective assessment of caries prophylactic measures in a dental health program. In a retrospective survey the mean number of intact proximal surfaces on the first molars of 13-year-old children was found to increase from 2.6 to 4.8 following 7 years of a preventive program with fortnightly fluoride mouthrinsings (0.2% NaF). This improvement was significant and corresponded to a reduction of the totally filled surfaces from 30.0 to 16.6. Caries on the proximal surfaces on the first molars was assessed from bite-wing radiographs. Judged from interexaminer comparisons, the number of filled surfaces was a reliable parameter of the caries prevalence in 13-year-old children. In a group of 54 children aged 13 who participated in the preventive program, the caries experience on the proximal surfaces of the first molars was significantly associated with the total DMFS.


The use of dental services among Norwegian adults in 1973. The dental treatment pattern and its determinants were surveyed in 1973 by interviews with a sample comprising 1,632 persons drawn to cover the total Norwegian population aged 15 and above. In all, 58% of the interviewees stated having visited a dentist during the year prior to the interview. In contrast, 16% had not consulted a dentist for at least 5 years. Fifty-five percent of the sample reported having received fillings at the last dental visit and 15% reported having received some periodontal and/or preventive treatment. Regular (at least annual) treatment attendance was claimed by 52% of the sample. However, some respondents had seemingly embellished their treatment behavior, and a relatively valid estimate for the current proportion of regular treatment attenders was considered to be 40% of the adult population in Norway. Sex and geographic region were found to be the most influential predictors of the recent treatment pattern, whereas school dental treatment had a major influence in youth. Dental conditions including the wearing of dentures was the reason most often given for not seeing a dentist on a regular basis.


Molar tooth attrition in a selected group of Nigerians. A study of the degree and gradient of attrition was undertaken on 352 molar teeth of 88 selected Nigerian subjects. A method for the quantification of attrition experience per molar tooth is described. There is a close correlation between age and the degree of attrition of the first molar. This finding may be of value in age determination in forensic odontology. The wear on the first molar is about two stages ahead of that on the second and third molars. It is suggested that the degree of tooth attrition may be an index of masticatory activity.


Estimates of orthodontic treatment need in Danish schoolchildren. Orthodontic treatment need has been assessed on the basis of complete orthodontic records in a random sample of 293 Danish children aged 13-17 years by a group of postgraduate orthodontic students and by three orthodontists. The estimates of treatment need ranged from 45% to 61%. Interexaminer agreement in pairs was observed in 77%-92% (mean 83%) of the cases. Uniformity in four individual assessments was reached in 69% of the cases: 38% were considered in need of treatment and 31% were considered not to present such need; conversely, 31% gave rise to disagreement. It is argued that, at present, the orthodontist's subjective estimate of treatment need probably constitutes a more realistic approach to the problem of assigning treatment priority than the various indices of malocclusion.


A preliminary report on prevalences of oral mucosal lesions in a Swedish population. A study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions. In cooperation with the public health screening organization of the County of Uppsala in Sweden, all inhabitants older than 14 years of age in two communities, Håbo and Enköping, will be called for examination. So far, 8,696 individuals have been examined. Preliminary prevalence figures on 33 lesions are reported.


Effect of fluoride on gingivitis and dental caries in a preventive program based on plaque control. The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the relative effect of fluoride on caries in a preventive program based on meticulous plaque control. The material consisted of 82 children; 41 in the test and 41 in the control group. At the start of the study the children were 13-14 years of age. In August 1973 an examination was performed to obtain baseline data for the trial. Prophylactic treatment was given to the children once every second week. A total of 18 treatments were given during a 10-month period. In the control group an abrasive paste was used containing 5% sodium monofluorophosphate (Jodka Fluor Polerpasta). In the test group an abrasive paste was used which was identical with the control paste except that it did not contain any fluoride components. Twelve months after the baseline examination the test and control groups were reexamined. The trial demonstrated that, in children, fortnightly professional cleaning of the teeth combined with meticulous toothbrushing instructions result in (1) a high standard of oral hygiene and (2) only very few new carious surfaces. Though the control group children received fortnightly topical application of F- during the prophylactic sessions and used a fluoridated dentifrice, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of new carious tooth surfaces per child per year.


Tooth survival in a multicultural group of aged in Israel. Survival of natural dentition was studied in a multicultural group of 826 elderly people living in sheltered conditions in three old-age homes. It was found that the ratio of dentate subjects decreased progressively with age. The proportion of dentate men was significantly higher than that of women. The ratio of dentate subjects among the immigrants from Afro-Asian countries was significantly higher than among the European group. As the number of denture wearers among the elderly of European origin greatly exceeded that of Afro-Asian extraction, the assumption was made that the more advanced cultural background of the Europeans motivated them to take more advantage of dental services and as a result they had more teeth extracted due to preprosthodontic preparations. The mandibular teeth showed a higher survival rate than the maxillary. Most remaining dental units (teeth and roots) were found in the front region in both jaws, with definite persistance of canines and a clear tendency towards diminishing numbers of posterior tooth types. Studies on tooth survival may provide useful information for assessing needs and planning services for the aged in modern society and may contribute to better understanding of prosthodontic problems encountered in practice.


Effect on dental caries of a dental public health program for Danish schoolchildren. The effect of a dental public health program comprising schoolchildren under the Danish Act on Child Dental Health has been evaluated after 5 years of operation. The program comprised complete restorative care for all children from kindergarten through the 9th grade (16 years of age), but only children attending kindergarten through third grade (10 years) are included in the present study. Each grade comprised approximately 50 children. A number of preventive procedures such as topical fluoride application, oral hygiene instruction and various other educational procedures have been used. The treatment services resulted in almost complete elimination of the "D" component and the "M" component in the DMFS index. The preventive services resulted in marked reductions in the total DMFS index, and almost complete elimination of new carious lesions after enrollment in the program. The non-experimental nature of the study makes it possible to determine the effect of each one of the preventive procedures used in the program.


A method of planning a dental treatment program for an institutionalized population. A dental treatment program, for a subnormal group in an institution near London, England, was designed by applying both epidemiologic data and empirically derived data from the Experimental Dental Care Project at The London Hospital Dental School. For the epidemiologic study, a two-examiner system was developed to help overcome the special problems of examining subnormal adults. The data collected in the study had to be flexible enough to allow the analysis of several alternative treatment strategies. Once these alternative treatment strategies were defined, the data from the Experimental Dental Care Project were applied to analyze the effects of using dental teams of varying composition to carry out the treatment. It was found that to meet the dental needs of the group, a team consisting of one dentist, three New Cross auxiliaries and one dental surgery assistant would be 30% less expensive than a traditional team of one dentist and one assistant. This larger team would also be able to complete the necessary initial treatment in less than half the time that the traditional team would require.


Dental attitudes and behavior related to vertical social mobility by marriage. Following a dental examination of 5-year-old children, the mothers of 367 of them were interviewed. In 262 cases there was sufficient information relating to the social class of both the mother's husband and her father to enable the relationship between social mobility by marriage and the mother's dental attitudes and behavior to be assessed. The results showed that the views of mothers who moved from one social group to another fell between those of the mothers who were static in each of those two groups. Those mothers who were downward mobile had less favorable attitudes than those who had remained in the higher social group but more favorable than those who had always been in the lower social group. The reverse trend was found in upward mobile mothers. A notable exception to this pattern was the group who moved from social Class III into Class I or II. These mothers exhibited attitudes and behavior which were even more favorable than the static social Class I or II mothers. The similarity of these results to those of others in different fields is discussed.


Letter: Hyperthermia as an adjuvant in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.


Caries prevalence in different racial groups of schoolchildren in West Malaysia. A dental health survey of 15,197 schoolchildren age 6-18 years was conducted in West Malaysia. The caries experience in the permanent teeth of the three racial groups, namely Malay, Chinese and Indian/Pakistani, showed a distinct variation. The prevalence was highest among the Chinese children, being about twice that of the Malay and Indian/Pakistani children. In the primary dentition, however, the caries experience in the three racial groups was comparable. An analysis of the factors contributing to the racial variation showed that dietary influence was not the only factor responsible. The possibility of a racial variation in caries susceptibility has been postulated. In the primary dentition the similar caries experience observed in the three groups of children was most probably due to the widespread occurrence of rampant caries which would heavily weight the dift score of the children in all three groups. The need to fluoridate the public water supply as an effective preventive measure is emphasized.


Oral health in 5-year-old Swedish children. The purpose of the study was to investigate the oral health of a group of 5-year-old children who had previously been examined in this respect at 3 and 4 years of age. The results were compared with those in an aged-matched reference group. The study included examination of caries and gingivitis, occlusion, presence of lactobacilli and C. albicans in plaque samples, flow rate, pH and buffer effect of stimulated saliva, and certain data on past prophylaxis and oral habits. Caries was found in 76% of the children in the study group (S-group) and in 78% in the reference group (R-group). No significant differences were found in caries or gingival indices, in oral habits or prophylactic measures between the two groups. Buffer effect and pH of stimulated saliva were negatively correlated with deft and defs. Lactobacilli were demonstrated in 37% and C. albicans in 12% of the plaque samples. Various sucking habits were still present in 25% of the S-group and 22% of the R-group. Forty-nine and 46% respectively had been given a daily supply of fluoride tablets by their parents for at least 2 years.


Dental mutilations among villagers in Central Java and Bali. In Central Java and on the island of Bali 779 and 437 villagers respectively were examined for dental mutilations. In Java 81.1% of the males and 99.2% of the females showed dental mutilations in the form of grinding the incisal and vestibular surfaces of the maxillary incisors and canines. In Bali, the figure for males was 91.3% and for females 96.6%. In Java as well as on the island of Bali most of the mutilations had been subjected to artificial staining. The authors have found a relief in the temple of Borobudur, built about 800 A.D., possibly depicting the performance of a dental mutiliation.


Inter- and intraexaminer variability in assessment of orthodontic treatment need. Two examiners assessed subjectively the orthodontic treatment need of a group of 183 10-year-old children. The examiners did not standardize the criteria establishing treatment need. Intraexaminer agreement was reached in 79.8% of the cases. Intraexaminer agreement was 91.7% for Examiner A and 93.4% of Examiner B. The paper highlights the subjective element in deciding orthodontic treatment need.


Progressive and regressive changes in Hungarian oral leukoplakias in the course of longitudinal studies. Follow-up studies of 520 patients with leukoplakia during a 25-year period showed changes in the clinical type in 66 cases, i.e. 12.7%. Regressive changes occurred in 9%, progressive changes in 3.7%. The highest frequency of change in the clinical type was found in the group of erosive leukoplakias. The most frequent changing sites were the labial mucosa, commissures and buccal mucosa. Of the etiologic factors, smoking and Candida infection seemed to be correlated with the change of type. Oral leukoplakia should be considered a dynamic changing lesion of the oral mucosa.


Some signs of systemic disease seen in the face.


Cardiovascular actions of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) in the cat. The cardiovascular effects of the psychotomimetic DOM were investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. DOM (1,2 and 4 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a rise in mean blood pressure accompanied by bradycardia. DOM (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.v.) also produced a contraction of the decentralized nictitating membrane. The duration of the pressor response to DOM was reduced in magnitude and duration by hexamethonium, by spinal section plus vagotomy, and by carotid sinus denervation plus vagotomy. Ventricular--cisternal perfusion of 20 mug DOM resulted in a slow developing hypertensive response. Methylsergid significantly attenuated the pressor response and the contraction of the nictitating membrane induced by i.v. DOM administration. The pressor response to DOM was not altered by phentolamine, propranolol or atropine and vagotomy. Bradycardia induced by DOM was antagonized by carotid sinus denervation plus vagotomy, hexamethonium, spinal sectioning plus vagotomy, and propranolol. Bradycardia induced by DOM is therefore a result of a reflex response to increased blood pressure. The present data thus indicate that the pressor response to DOM consists of two compents: a direct vascular effect mediated via the stimulation of serotonergic receptors; and a second pressor effect, mediated by the central nervous system.


The importance of a central adrenergic mechanism in the cardiovascular responses to ouabain. Central administration of ouabain in the ventricular system of vagotomized dogs and cats elicited increases in blood pressure, cardiac contractile force and cardiac rate followed by ventricular arrhythmia. Spinal transection (C2) or hexamethonium treatment abolished the central effects of ouabain. Bilateral stellate ganglionectomy prevented the tachycardia and reduced the pressor response to the lower dose (15 mug) of ouabain; bilateral adrenalectomy only reduced the pressor effect. Neither of the procedures alone was adequate to inhibit the cardiovascular responses following a higher dose (90 mug) of ouabain whereas a combination of both procedures blocked these responses completely. Tachyphylaxis to the cardiovascular effects of very high doses of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)-administered ouabain was shown to be of central origin. Prior depletion of brain catecholamines by Ro 4-1284 or 6-hydroxy -dopamine, and central adrenergic neuron blockade by bretylium prevented the centrogenic effects of ouabain. Similarly, central alpha- or beta-adrenoceptor blockade also prevented the responses to i.c.v. orabain. The results suggest that ouabain causes the release of adrenergic mediator (noradrenaline) in the brain, probably by a depolarization of a primary neuron(s), and that the central adrenergic mechanism is responsible for the genesis of the cardiovascular effects. Both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors seem to be important in the central control of cardiovascular function. The most sensitive site for ouabain action was found to be the posterior hypothalamus in the vicinity of the third ventricle.


Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.


Understanding and diagnosing oral disease.


Bacterial endocarditis in dentistry.

Bacterial endocarditis in dentistry.


Coronary heart disease in dentistry.

Coronary heart disease in dentistry.


Where to invest your retirement dollars.


Silver and gold: all that glitters is not.


Makings of malpractice: the case of the swallowed associate.


'Put your patients to work'.

'Put your patients to work'.


Reacting to recession.

Reacting to recession.


Does your aide measure up?

Does your aide measure up?


Double expose your insurance X-rays?

Double expose your insurance X-rays?


Hygienist hotline.

Hygienist hotline.


Problems & solutions.

Problems & solutions.


Fourth hand information.

Fourth hand information.


On control.

On control.


Makings of malpractice: the call of law.


When the patient's problem is all in his head.


Talking when you should be listening?

Talking when you should be listening?


Makings of malpractice: the breach of confidence.


Three years to make a dentist?

Three years to make a dentist?


It doesn't really have to hurt.

It doesn't really have to hurt.


Human diseases with genetically altered DNA repair processes. DNA repair of single-strand breaks (produced by ionizing radiation) and of base damage (produced by ultraviolet (UV) light) are two repair mechanisms that most mammalian cells possess. Genetic defects in these repair mechanisms are exemplified by cells from the human premature-aging disease, progeria, which fail to rejoin single-strand breaks, and the skin disease, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which exhibits high actinic carcinogenesis and involves failure to repair base damage. In terms of the response of XP cells, many chemical carcinogens can be classified as either X-ray-like (i.e., they cause damage that XP cells can repair) or UV-like (i.e., they cause damage that XP cells cannot repair). The first group contains some of the more strongly  carcinogenic chemicals (e.g., alkylating agents). XP occurs in at least two clinical forms, and somatic cell hybridization indicates at least three complementation groups. In order to identify cell lines from various different laboratories unambiguously, a modified nomenclature of XP lines is proposed.


Ectoderman dysplasia--a case report.

Ectoderman dysplasia--a case report.


G banding in cytogenetic study of hemoblastoses. G banding was used in the study of the karyotype of malignant cells in 10 patients: 5 with CML (3 in blastic crisis), 3 with AL and 2 with lymphosarcomas. In all cases of CML 22q-- (Ph1-chromosome) and 9q+ were present in leukemic cells. An i(17q) was observed in the karyotype of 2 out of 3 patients in blastic crisis of CML. In AL and lymphosarocmas small chromosome rearrangements were revealed and the origin of marker chromosomes could be established by the aid of G banding.


Amylo-1,60glucosidase deficiency (glycogenosis type III) in the Faroe Islands. Seven cases of glycogenosis type III (amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency) in two probably related families from the Faroe Islands are presented. The group of patients comprised two pairs of sibs. In a total of 78 members of the two families case histories were obtained and clinical examinations, analyses of amylo-1,6-glycosidase activity in erythrocytes and leucocytes, determinations of red cell, serum and enzyme groups as well as HL-A types were performed. In addition, all patients were subjected to studies of liver function. The distribution patients in these families supports the assumption of autosomal recessive inheritance. Heterozygotes could not be diagnosed with certainty by the methods of enzyme activity analysis employed. The incidence of glycogenosis type III with amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency was found to be high in the Faroe Islands.


Chromosome banding anomalies in acute myeloid leukaemia. Chromosome analysis in two cases of acute myeloid leukaemia are reported. On the basis of slight aberrations in the banding pattern marker chromosomes were observed in both cases. In one case a widened C-band of an additional D chromosome, and in the other case an unusual negative fluorescent band below the centromere of one of the chromosomes 16, were seen.


Resistance of certain leukaemic myeloblasts to immunological attack. Leukaemic cells from four out of 19 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia are shown to be resistant to lysis by rat anti-muman-myeloblast antibody in the presence of complement. To a lesser degree this is reflected in lack of immunogenicity of these myeloblasts. It is suggested that these findings may be relevant in planning immunotherapy in this disease and evaluating the benefit of this type of treatment. Finally data are presented to show that loss of immunogenicity of myeloblasts after irradiation with 10,000 R, as is practised in certain immunotherapy schedules, is small compared with differences in immunogenicity between non-irradiated myeloblasts from different individuals.


Palatography and myo-functional therapy.


Orofacial muscle imbalance: some considerations in referral.


Gnathology and the myoprotected occlusion, a hypothesis.


Dentistry in transition.

Dentistry in transition.


Shock! A medical and dental emergency.

Shock! A medical and dental emergency.


Plastic sealing of proximal surfaces of teeth, a new technic.


An instrument for carrying out retrograde amalgam apical fillings.


A course selection and plan for post-graduate endodontics.


Where are we? Where are we going?

Where are we? Where are we going?


Introduction of apical formation by the use of calcium hydroxide and Iodoform-Chlumsky paste in the endodontic treatment of immature teeth.


The embouchure and some of its endodontic problems.


Osteogenic sarcoma associated with internal fracture fixation in two dogs.


Conservative treatment of cariously exposed vital pulps in posterior teeth with a glucocorticosteroid-antibiotic compound.


Mechanical plaque control. A review of the literature.


Fluoride therapy in the treatment of dentomicrobial plaque diseases.


Dual choice--what's it all about?

Dual choice--what's it all about?


Interview: Dr. Terrell L. Root on Headgear.


Directional edgewise orthodontic approach. 3.


Improved office efficiency by coordinating preforms, expanded duty auxiliaries and group scheduling.


The case of the talented trumpeter.

The case of the talented trumpeter.


The dental profession and the ADA Council on Legislation.


The sour side of sugar.

The sour side of sugar.


Thoughts on surgical orthodontics.

Thoughts on surgical orthodontics.


Directional edgewise orthodontic approach. 4.


Success strategies in dental health education.


Directional edgewise orthodontic approach. 7.


Interview: Dr. Robert M. Ricketts on growth prediction. 1.


A simplified wax setup technique.

A simplified wax setup technique.


Histology of apical tissue reaction to overfill. Sargenti Formula vs. Gutta Percha-Grossman.


Interview: Dr. Robert M. Ricketts on growth prediction. 2.


The effect of cavo surface treatment on marginal leakage of composites.


A case of salvage.

A case of salvage.


Operatory design for four-handed orthodontics.


Editorial: Badmouthing dentistry--the latest fad.


A gnathologic approach to orthodontic finishing.


Let's upgrade continuing education.

Let's upgrade continuing education.


A local dental emergency care program.

A local dental emergency care program.


Interview: Dr. Robert M. Ricketts on growth prediction. 3.


The future of orthodontics.

The future of orthodontics.


The Pankey Institute; a new kind of postgraduate school.


Cautions on capitation practice.

Cautions on capitation practice.


A method for retainer fabrication.

A method for retainer fabrication.


Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: effects of splenectomy and antileukaemic drugs. Staining with naphthol AS phosphate and Fast Blue BB salt has been used for the estimation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The very low scores found at diagnosis rise when the disease is treated, and there is some inverse correlation between the NAP score and the absolute neutrophil count. Patients treated intensively developed high NAP scores. Elective splenectomy performed during the chronic phase of CGL is followed by a pronounced but transient neutrophilia and a concurrent striking rise in the NAP score. Similar changes were observed in patients without CGL who underwent splenectomy. These observations can be explained by assuming that newly formed neutrophils in CGL have a normal content of NAP but are rapidly sequestered in non-circulating extramedullary pools, whereas the circulating neutrophil with a typically low NAP content is a relatively aged cell which has lost enzyme activity. In subjects with or without CGL, removal of the spleen, a major site of such pooling, temporarily permits the circulation of newly formed neutrophils but eventually other organs assume the sequestering functions of the spleen. Thus the aberrations of NAP score seen in CGL might be attributable not to an intrinsic cellular defect but to an exaggeration of the granulocyte storage phenomena which also occur in subjects without CGL.


The ascending projections of the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord in the primate. The ascending projections of the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord to the brain stem have been determined in five macaque monkeys. Connections to the lateral cervical nucleus and to the reticular nucleus of the cord in the C1 and C2 segments are present. In the medulla the most prominent connections are to the nuclei "Z" and "x" of Brodal and Pompeiano, to the rostral portion of n. gracilis and to the n. proprius of the restiform body. Minor projections reach the rostral part of the medial and lateral cuneate nuclei, the reticular nucleus, the n. centralis dorsalis and the periependymal gray. There were no projections to planes rostral to the medulla. In view of the connections established it is concluded that ascending systems in the DLF to the brain stem of primates are concerned with transmission of mechanoreceptor input to the cerebellum and thalamus and that nociceptive relay appears very unlikely.


Editorial: "Current issues".

Editorial: "Current issues".


Do dental specialties have a future?

Do dental specialties have a future?


Prefrontal cortex and the regulation of food intake in the rat. The postoperative regulation of food and water intake was studied in rats with aspiration lesions to either the medial frontal or orbital frontal projection fields of thalamic nucleus medialis dorsalis (prefrontal cortex). These projection fields proved functionally dissociable in that orbital frontal lesions impaired immediate postoperative regulation of food and water intake for up to 2 wk., while medial frontal lesions produced finickiness. Neither lesion affected response to cellular dehydration or recovery from extended deprivation. These data are consistent with data from rhesus monkeys with prefrontal lesions and differ from animals with lateral hypothalamic lesions.


Computer-assisted evaluation in a clinical setting.


A study of the perceptions of dental deans toward formal administrative training. In order to understand better the attitudes of dental deans toward formal administrative training, a questionnaire was devised which asked for both personal and opinion data. Questionnaires were mailed to 209 persons with the title of "dean" at the 58 institutional members of the American Association of Dental Schools. Replies were received from 167 respondents (80%), and the replies were subdivided into the categories of dean, associate dean, and assistant dean, according to each respondent's stated position. Personal data on the questionnaire included the respondent's age, sex, and education, as well as information on his current position. Additional data on the questionnaire were concerned with the respondent's opinion on the value of formal administrative training for someone in his position, and what specific areas of training would be most valuable. In addition, the respondents were asked to rank formal training against other methods of gaining experience and to make appropriate comments. The majority of respondents felt that formal administrative training would be of value and that such factors as decision-making and leadership behavior training would be very valuable. The respondents felt that formal administrative and teaching experience would be even more helpful.


A second generation training simulator for acquisition of psychomotor skills in cavity preparation. Thirty freshmen dental students, without prior dental technique laboratory experience, were divided randomly into two groups of 15 subjects. One group (control) was trained in the traditional way while the other group used a newly developed dental training simulator.  The results for Class I cavity preparations in the mandibular right first molar indicate that a two-thirds reduction in training time occurred for the group trained by the simulator as compared to the control group. The mean training times were 57 minutes for the control group and 21 minutes for the experimental group. No statistically significant differences in quality were noted.


Community dental health education and prevention programs.


Use of mass media in dental health education and prevention programs.


Education and prevention in the dental office.


The dental care of the social security beneficiaries in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Current research on composite resins.

Current research on composite resins.


Dental amalgam, a plea for clinical research.


Cavity walls and margins.

Cavity walls and margins.


Dentistry and current health legislation.


The diagnosis and management of malignant hyperthermia.


Women may not be adapted to the dental profession: at least as we practice it today.


Warmth and comfort in the subtropical winter: a study in Brisbane schools. Winter thermal sensations of secondary and primary school-children in Queensland are related to air temperature. Neutrality is estimated by regression analysis of over 6000 assessments and a lower comfort limit is suggested to include 80% of the children. Cold discomfort is seen as the main problem, and comparison is made to an earlier study in England.


Class one treatment of unilateral blocked-out cuspids.


Orthodontic appliance therapy for the general practitioner.


Studies on the isolation of Salmonella dublin. Abattoir drain swabs, bovine faeces and a few other veterinary samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella dublin. Three selective agar media and four enrichment broths were investigated. The two most efficient plating media were deoxycholate citrate agar and brilliant green MacConkey agar. Wilson and Blair's bismuth sulphite agar (de Loureiro's modifications) was least successful. Selenite F broth, whether incubated at 37 or 43 degrees C., was better than the other enrichment broths used which contained a triphenyl methane dye as one of the selective ingredients.


The immune response to infection with vaccinia virus in mice. II. Appearance of hypersensitivity, production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and transformation of spleen cells in response to virus antigens. The appearance of specific hypersensitivity to virus antigens was examined in mice infected intravenously with vaccinia virus. Both immediate hypersensitivity, transferable by serum, and delayed-type hypersensitivity, transferable only by cells, were apparent 8 days after infection and demonstrable for at least a further 130 days. Production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by lymphocytes from infected mice was measured directly in terms of inhibition of migration by antigen or indirectly by determining the effect of soluble factors elaborated by the stimulated lymphocytes. The irregular results may have been the resultants of antigen-mediated macrophage stimulation, toxicity and induction of migration inhibitory factor. Transformation of spleen cells - presumably lymphocytes - from infected mice could be induced in vitro by virus antigens for at least 139 days after infection. Virus/lymphocyte interaction appears to be a particularly fruitful area for further study.


Myxomatosis: the virulence of field strains of myxoma virus in a population of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) with high resistance to myxomatosis. The virulence of field strains of myxoma virus is increasing in the Mallee region of Victoria where the resistance of the rabbit to myxomatosis is high. This suggests that the climax association will be a moderately severe disease.


Field trials of difenacoum against warfarin-resistant infestations of Rattus norvegicus. The anticoagulant difenacoum was tested at two concentrations, 0-005 and 0-01%, in bait against warfarin-resistant rat infestations in farm buildings. Twelve out of the 14 treatments in which the lower concentration of the anticoagulant was used resulted in complete control. One of the remaining two treatments was probably also completely successful, but in the other a few rats, that were not eating the poisoned baits, were still active after 30 days of baiting. All six treatments done using the stronger concentration of poison were completely effective. Since it took as long to control infestations with 0.01% as with 0.005% difenacoum in treatments carried out under similar conditions, the lower concentration is recommended for use against warfarin-resistant rats.


Laboratory evaluation of difenacoum as a rodenticide. The efficacy of difenacoum as a new anticoagulant rodenticide was evaluated by blood coagulation studies and laboratory feeding tests using warfarin-resistant and non-resistant common rats (Rattus norvegicus), ship rats (R. rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus). Prothrombin assays indicated that the compound had as marked an activity with warfarin-resistant common rats as coumatetralyl had with non-resistant animals. Feeding tests confirmed that 0-005% would be a near-optimal concentration for field use, although there was some evidence of unpalatability. Results with ship rats and house mice were less favourable. Trials with enclosed colonies of warfarin-resistant mice confirmed the laboratory finding that although difenacoum was more effective than all other currently used anticoagulants, it was unlikely to give complete control. It is concluded that difenacoum is a valuable new rodenticide, especiaaly for controlling warfarin-resistant common rats.


A programme for collaborative influenza surveillance. A report of a working group of the Public Health Laboratory Service. A surveillance programme is described which is intended to assess the effects of influenza virus infections on communities at large by collating influenza virus isolations and consultations for respiratory infections from general practices with new claims for sickness benefit and deaths from all causes. Particular importance is attached to relating virus isolations to symptomatic respiratory disease seen in practices of known age and sex structure.


Citrobacter koseri. II. Serological and biochemical examination of Citrobacter koseri strains from clinical specimens. 165 strains of Citrobacter koseri isolated from clinical specimens were studied and their biochemical reactions determined. They were examined serologically by means of a scheme consisting of 14 O antigens. The sources of the clinical specimens were tabulated and the epidemiological information was summarized. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.


The faecal flora of children in the United Kingdom. The faecal flora of 55 children (aged 8 days to 8 years) and 16 adults was determined. All the children were artificially fed from birth. The faecal flora of the youngest age group was generally less complex and less predictable than that of adults. Some bacterial groups commonly found in adult stools, for example bacilli, lactobacilli and yeasts, were rarely found in the youngest infants. Most of the changes towards the adult pattern took place between 4 and 12 months. The faecal flora of children aged 1-4 years generally resembled that of adults, although lactobacilli were still infrequently isolated.


Airborne infection in a fully air-conditioned hospital. I. Air transfer between rooms. Measurements have been made of the extent of air exchange between patient rooms in a fully air-conditioned hospital using a tracer-gas method. When the rooms were ventilated at about six air changes per hour, had an excess airflow through the doorway of about 0.1 m.3/sec. and the temperature difference between rooms and corridor was less than 0.5 degrees C., concentrations of the tracer in rooms close to that in which it was being liberated were 1000-fold less than that in the source room. This ratio fell to about 200-fold in the absence of any excess airflow through the doorways. Considerable dilution took place along the corridors so that the concentration fell by around 10-fold for every 10 m. of corridor.


Airborne infection in a fully air-conditioned hospital. II. Transfer of airborne particles between rooms resulting from the movement of air from one room to another. Experiments were conducted simultaneously with gas and particle tracers to determine the relative loss of particles between source and recipient sites in the hospital ward units. The magnitude of this loss could be accounted for by the assumption of sedimentation from well-mixed air masses during the time required for movement between source and recipients sites. As a consequence of this loss the degree of isolation between patient rooms for airborne particles was between 4 and 25 times greater than that for gaseous contamination, which reflects the actual transport of air between the rooms. The design and construction of portable spinning-disk particle generators suitable for field studies is discussed.


Contamination of fluids from a hospital pharmacy. An investigation into the cause of bacterial contamination of bottles of noninjectable water has been reported. A method of monitoring such bottles has also been described. The roles played by autoclave spray-cooling water and inadequate bottle seals in the contamination of fluids have been examined. Possible methods of reducing the risk of contamination are discussed and the design of an improved method of closure of sterile bottled fluids is stressed. Bacteriological examination is shown to be a more accurate index of the true rate of contamination than measurement of dye concentrations of bottle contents.


Airborne infection in a fully air-conditioned hospital. II. Transport of gaseous and airborne particulate material along ventilated passageways. A mathematical model is described for the transport of gaseous or airborne particulate material between rooms along ventilated passageways. Experimental observations in three hospitals lead to a value of about 0.06 m.2/sec. for the effective diffusion constant in air without any systematic directional flow. The 'constant' appears to increase if there is any directional flow along the passage, reaching about 0.12 m. 2/sec. at a flow velocity of 0.04 m./sec. Together with previously published methods the present formulae make it possible to calculate the expected average amounts of gaseous or particulate material that will be transported from room to room in ventilated buildings in which the ventilation and exchange airflows can be calculated. The actual amounts transported in occupied buildings, however, vary greatly from time to time.


The routine serological investigation of cases and contacts of rubella. The results of testing sera from 111 patients with rubella-like illnesses and 283 contacts of patients with rubella-like illnesses are described. A sensitive haemagglutination-inhibition test was used in conjunction with fractionation of serum proteins when this was indicated. It was concluded that the testing of serum protein fractions for IgM and IgG rubella antibody greatly increased the effectiveness of laboratory diagnosis. Evidence is presented that during the study period subclinical rubella was relatively uncommon in adults and that the accuracy of clinical diagnosis was high.


Assay of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by tritiated thymidine labeled tumor cells. A microtechnique for quantitating cell-mediated cytotoxicity using tritiated thymidine labeled target cells is presented. Target cell incorporation of tritiated thymidine is augmented by using methotrexate to arrest endogenous thymidine synthesis. Complete solubilization of labeled cells is accomplished by oxidizing samples to tritiated water and carbon dioxide prior to quantitation in a scintillation counter. This versatile technique, using various combinations of lymphocytes, sera and target cells, permits the simultaneous comparison of 500 or more individual samples.


Some recent concepts on acute lymphocytic leukemia in children.


An alternative treatment in cases with advanced localized attrition. A combined orthodontic/prosthetic treatment of patients with advanced localized attrition has been described. In one patient the effect of the orthodontic treatment upon the morphological face height has been studied using an X-ray cephalographic technique and the results have been discussed.


Properties of cell lines derived from tumors induced by Friend virus in BALB/c and BALB/c-H-2b mice. Cell lines have been established in culture from Friend virus-induced tumors of BALB/c (H-2d) and congenic BALB/c-H-2b (BALB.B) origin. Spleens from virus-infected hosts in the terminal stages of erythroleukemic disease provided tissues for the establishment of subcutaneously transplantable tumors of both strains. Subsequently cells of these tumors were introduced into culture and passed serially. Complete, infectious Friend virus (FV) has been routinely recovered from culture supernates of BALB.B tumor cells (HFL/b) throughout its 2-yr passage history. However, after only a few transfer generations in culture BALB/c tumor cells (HFL/d) became nonproducers of virus detectable in either the spleen focus assay in vivo or the XC assay in vitro. Nonproducer HFL/d cells possessed the complete genomes of the components of the FV complex, since FV could be recovered from them either by cocultivation with helper virus-infected syngeneic embryo fibroblasts or by serial passage in the ascitic form in normal, syngeneic adult hosts.


Nocturnal electromyographic evaluation of bruxism patients undergoing short term splint therapy. Eight confirmed bruxist subjects were investigated using portable electromyographic equipment. Nocturnal masseteric muscle activity, as measured by electromyography, was reduced immediately following the insertion of a full arch maxillary stabilization splint. It remained low until the splints were removed, at which time all but one subject's EMG values returned to pretreatment levels. Although the short-term spling therapy did not show a permanent reduction in EMG levels, a dramatic reduction has been demonstrated during treatment.


Brain calcification in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cortical calcifications, ween on X-ray in the brain of achild suffering from leukaemia, were submitted to morphological and chemical analysis. The morphology was studied by a combination of low teperature  ashing and microscanning. The calcification principally affected axons and capillary walls and consisted of  spherules amalgamated into hollow cylinders. The results of chemical analysis of the calcified material were compared and structure of both types of  calcification were similar, but the Mn concentration washigher in case of Fahr's disease. X-ray diffraction showed that the calcification consisted of amorphous calcium phosphate and acid calcium orthophosphate, most probably precursors of hydroxyapatite..


Methylmethacrylate screw implants--radiographic, histological and fluorescence microscopic investigations in dogs. Twenty-one methylmethacrylate screw implants were inserted in the jaws of three Labrador dogs. Clinical, radiographic, microscopic and fluorescence microscopic examinations were performed. Direct bone-implant contact was found in all firm implants, and the density of the alveolar bone increased towards the screw surface. In these areas no fibrous tissue was found between bone and implant. Horizontal fibres at the junction between the head and the neck of the implant seem to have impeded downgrowth of subepithelial granulation tissue.


The experimenter effect on results with oral form recognition tests and with tests measuring oral muscular ability. In the introductory part of the present study considerable differences in registrations were found between three different experimenters when an oral form recognition test and an oral muscular-motor test was applied on ten subjects. In the following part recording differences between six other experimenters were evaluated. An intensive training programme was established and repeated twice with those six experimenters during a test period which twenty-eight subjects were tested with the same tests as mentioned above. The results show that in spite of the training programme, uniformity could not be obtained between experimenters. Registration deviations were (1) clearly found for the time results of identifying, (2) less distinctly for registration of subjective judgements of difficulty or for the times of putting together the halves of the test pieces in the test of muscular-motor ability and (3) not at all at the recording of test peice confusions at the oral form recognition test. It was found that the present forms of the training programme alone were not sufficient to gain uniformity between different experimenters but the suitability of prospective experimenters who are supposed to form a common group should be tested by an evaluation of test results found in a real test situation. Experimenters who are clearly deviating, should be replaced by other ones for the task who are more suitable inidividuals. The present study thus emphasizes the previously observed difficulties when clinical observations made by different persons are to be compared.


Reflex control of the jaw muscles by stimuli from receptors in the periodontal membrane. In the opinion of a number of investigators, the only function of the mechano-receptors in the periodontal membrane is to inhibit closure of the jaws via a reflex pathway when a predetermined pressure on the teeth has been exceeded. In our opinion, the receptor system in the periodontal membrane may also play a role in a complex regulatory system which controls the movements of the lower jaw during chewing. In order to test this hypothesis a study was made of the changes occurring in the contraction pattern of three masticatory muscles of the cat, when the cuspids in the upper jaw were displaced in various directions. In all the experimental animals used, electromyographic changes in the three muscles investigated, could be recorded as a result of displacement of the cuspids. The results obtained suggest, at least in the case of the temporal and pterygoid muscles, that there are specific reflexogenic zones in the periodontal membrane, These results support the previously suggested hypothesis that a number of the pressure-sensitive receptors in the periodontal membrane play a role in a regulatory system which controls the movements of the lower jaw--as during chewing--by exerting a reflex influence on the degree of contraction of the masticatory muscles. In the discussion this hypothesis is worked out in more detail and the extent to which the results fit the chewing pattern of the cat is examined. In the conclusion, the author asks whether the finding of a regulatory system in the cat may also be applied to man.


Histological features of the palatal mucosa in denture sore mouth. Densities of mast cells in the lamina propria and histological features in the epithelium of the denture bearing and non-denture bearing human palatal mucosa in comparison with patients suffering from denture sore mouth. A histological investigation was carried out on biopsy specimens taken from patients suffering from denture sore mouth. The results were compared with those obtained in previous investigations on denture and non-denture-wearers. The sections were studied by standardized quantitative morphometric methods. After 4 years the denture bearing palatal epithelium from both groups, the denture wearers and the patients suffering from a denture sore mouth did not show changes in mean thickness of the epithelium from both groups, the denture wearers and the patients suffering from a denture sore mouth did not show changes in mean thickness of the epithelium compared with the controls. The mitotic index in denture bearing epithelium from patients suffering from denture sore mouth was three times lower than in the epithelium of the normal denture wearers. The three groups of patients investigated did not show differences in density of mast cells in the lamina propria of their palatal epithelium.


Masticatory function--a review of the literature. 1. The form of the masticatory cycle. Recently, the authors realized that an evaluation of the literature on mastication had never been undertaken, and it is hoped that this review presented in three parts, will be of value, not only to the dental clinician, but to other scientists working in associated fields. The first paper discusses the form of the masticatory cycle in the natural and artificial dentitions, including the controversial question of whether tooth contact occurs during function. The second paper reviews the literature concerning the speed of movement of the mandible, rate of chewing and the forces developed in chewing. The final paper describes masticatory efficiency and performance, the effect of food on masticatory function, and incorporates a summary of all these three papers.


Responsibility and accountability of the ABOS.


The origin of keratocysts in the basal cell nevus syndrome. Evidence is presented to support the validity of the basal cell hamartia hypothesis as an explanation for the histogenesis of jaw cysts (keratocysts) in the basal cell nevus syndrome.  Possible implications for surgical management are outlined.


The white hat syndrome.

The white hat syndrome.


The stylohyoid syndrome.

The stylohyoid syndrome.


Gardner's syndrome.

Gardner's syndrome. A 22-year-old woman had multiple osteomas of the facial skeleton that were thought to represent Gardner's syndrome. At the first examination, however, other symptoms were not present. The diagnosis was established when colonic polyposis developed four years later.


Moebius syndrome.

Moebius syndrome. A case report of Moebius syndrome is presented.  The syndrome includes bilateral facial and abducens nerve paresis, muscular hypoplasia, adactylia, club foot, and possible mental retardation.  This particular patient had bilateral facial and abducens nerve paralysis, mandibular hypoplasia, pectoral muscle hypoplasia, adactylia, and bilateral clubbed feet.


Multiple nervoid basal cell epithelioma, cysts of the jaw, and bifid rib syndrome: report of case. A case of mutiple nevoid basal cell epithelium, cysts of the jaw, and bifid rib syndrome has been reported because of the large number of positive findings in a single patient.  Symptoms were a simple manner with slow learning ability, frontal bossing, wide nasal root, hypertelorism, large superciliary ridge, deep-set eyes, bifid uvula, dentigerous keratocyst of the mandible, pectus excavatum, bilateral shortened metacarpals, multiple basal cell nevi, bilateral palmar pitting, hemivertebrae C2-3 and C7-T1, several bifid ribs, calcification of the falx cerebri, bridging of the sella turcica, and an open frontal suture.  The need for establishing diagnosis has been emphasized.


Amyloidosis, macroglossia, and carpal tunnel syndrome associated with myeloma. A case report of a patient with amyloidosis presented in which macroglossia and bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome were the initial features and myeloma was the probable underlying cause.


Conservative treatment of cysts of the jaws in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome:report of a case. An 11-year-old girl had many features of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.  Extensive cysts of the maxilla and mandible were treated with marsupialization and secondary enucleation that resulted in a gradual but significant response.  Long-term observation will be necessary to detect the possible development of either basal cell carcinomas or the recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts.


The diagnostic significance of the microhematocrit as an office screening test. The microhematocrit provides accurate and reproducible test results. This laboratory procedure is useful not only in determining the hematocrit value, but also in the identification of conditions that may be of primary interest to the clinician. The information it provides is valuable in treatment planning, in choosing an anesthetic technique, and in helping to avoid operative and postoperative complications. This test can be easily and inexpensively performed and can be incorporated into the normal office routine with little difficulty.


Successful treatment of mucocutaneous mucormycosis after dental extractions in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. A successfully treated case of mucocutaneous mucormycosis, after dental extractions in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes, has been reported.  The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus that contributes to the development of opportunistic fungal infections and gangrenous ulcerations, in a setting of decreased host resistance, has been discussed with reference to differential diagnosis and management.  The consequences of operating on a patient with uncontrolled diabetes are evident.


Intravenous sedation of the periodontal surgical patient. A safe sedation technique for the periodontal surgical patient has been discussed. By utilizing the drugs discussed and titrating the dosage to the needs of the patient, intravenous sedation will last long enough to complete the selected periodontal surgical procedure. The Jorgenson combinatione of drugs seems ideal for procedures lasting two or more hours, while diazepam is more desirable for those of shorter duration. Patient and surgeon comfort is coexistent with the patient's safety. Although the intravenous route is considered to be the most dangerous of all, when it is employed with optimum care and on well-selected patients, it is possibly one of the safest.


Bioceramic implants in surgically produced infrabony defects. Tricalcium phosphate ceramic of hydroxyapatite structure with 50% porosity and 800- to 1000-mum pore diameter was implanted in surgically produced infrabony defects in dogs. The defects were evaluated histologically at different time intervals, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The results show that the ceramic is well tolerated by the tissue and yields no toxic reactions. Bone ingrowth into the pores and repair of the periodontium are clearly demonstrated. No significant hematological changes were observed.


Three-dimensional tomographic study of the temporomandibular articulation.


Relation of the alveolus to the cemento-enamel junction following attritional wear in aboriginal skulls. An enquiry into normality of cementum exposure with aging. With tooth attrition, the height of the alveolar crest does not increase to keep pace with active tooth eruption and the cemento-enamel junction-alveolar crest distance increases slightly with age in aboriginal skulls. But there is no atrophy of the alveolar bony margin. Some decrease in interalveolar height does occur. This does not necessarily mean that passive eruption with exposure of cementum is normal. Rather it is postulated that the epithelial attachment proliferates onto cementum, inhibiting alveolar crest addition, while the base of the gingival sulcus remains at the cemento-enamel junction. During the course of this investigation, it was found that the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest increased more rapidly with advancing wear in the lower molar region than in the upper. In the lower first molar region, the lingual distance was significantly greater than that between cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest on the buccal aspect during each stage of wear. The size of the tooth, as reflected in the robustness index, had no influence on the processes or rate of active eruption, bone deposition at the alveolar crest, or measurements taken between cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest.


Radiographs in clinical periodontal trials. Fifty-eight patients were selected from an ongoing study of periodontal therapy at The University of Michigan. Pre-and post-treatment series of full mouth radiographs obtained by conventional paralleling long cone technique were available. Mesial and distal radiographic bone height was scored using the technique developed by Björn et al. A total of 1416 teeth were scored from the  itial radiographs, and subsequently at one, two, three, and four years after the treatment. Radiographic bone height scores were compared with level of attachment and pocket depth scores for the same teeth at the same time. Statistical significance and correlation coefficients were derived using computer analysis of the data. The data were analyzed using three different data groupings: individual teeth, patient means, and half-mouth treatment methods. High positive correlations were found between initial measurements of radiographic bone height and attachment level as well as pocket depth. The correlations between changes in measurements of radiographic bone height and attachment level after treatment were markedly lower but are statistically significant. A highly significant correlation between radiographic bone heights and measurements of attachment level also appeared in follow-up data one to four years after treatment. The method of data grouping resulted in different correlation coefficients. Highest correlations were found if the data were pooled for patients. Lowest correlations were found if the data for individual teeth were analyzed. When the data were combined to produce patient scores, sample variation is reduced and correlations increase in magnitude. The generally high correlations between radiographic bone height and attachment level scores before and after treatment tend to confirm the fact that radiographic assessment of alveolar bone height using the method of Björn et al. can provide fairly accurate assessment of interproximal periodontal support.


Early periodontal disease in the Syrian hamster. An investigation into periodontal disease in the Syrian Golden hamster was conducted over a period of six months. With the periodontitis-producing Diet 2000 only mild destruction of the periodontium was observed. The interproximal area between M1 and M2 may be a better area for analysis of early periodontal disease in the Syrian Golden hamster, as it more nearly approaches the human situation than does the mesial surface of M1. On the whole the hamster may not be a good model species for studying periodontal disease on morphological grounds, despite its excellence in terms of bacteriology and ease and cheapness of animal maintenance. Other animal models are discussed.


The use of laser beams for measuring tooth mobility and tooth movements. The laser reflexion method, a direct contactless measuring technique with a high accuracy, has been applied for clinical purposes. A prototype has been tested using a laser beam to illuminate a patient's tooth fixed to the equipment by an impression plate. The reflected patterns were thrown onto a screen with a coordinate system and photographically recorded, and the movement of the tooth has been geometrically calculated. The relapse tendency after orthodontic treatment of a patient with periodontal disease and parafunctions was studied by repeated measurements of the left medial upper incisor. By use of the method, it was possible to observe that the velocity of the studied tooth was highest during the 1st day and, besides the horizontal movement, a rotation of the tooth began at the end of the measuring period.


Comparison of water irrigation and oral rinsing on clearance of soluble and particulate materials from the oral cavity.


1974 report of the Periodontal Diseases Advisory Committee of the National Institute of Dental Research.


Teaching dental flossing to patients via television reinforced by individual instructions.


Chemotactic ability of dental plaque upon autologous or heterologous human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The chemotactic effect of pooled human plaque suspension, supernatant, and ultrafiltrate upon heterologous human PMNs was investigated using the Boyden chamber technique. It was observed that pooled plaque suspensions (20 mg/ml) were consistently chemotactic for heterologous human PMN cells. Whole plaque suspensions were most chemotactic, and the supernatant was approximately half as active, while the bacteria-free ultrafiltrate induced a negligible chemotactic response. Chemotactic assays of individual plaque suspensions were also performed. Twelve male subjects were paired according to age and PDI scores to assess whether the PMN cells of certain individuals responded differently to their autologous plaque. When comparing subjects with high or low PDI scores, there were no significant differences in the chemotactic responses. However, a trend of reduced chemotaxis was observed in most subjects with a high PDI. When the subjects were arbitrarily divided into groups with high and low plaque indices, a greater overall chemotactic response was generated by the higher plaque formers. The differences between the two groups, however, were not statistically significant.


Letter: Hepatitis B as an occupational hazard.


Letter: Failing to credit adequately the creators of a technique.


Electromyographic activity during the motionless period in chewing.


Nonverbal communication in the dentist-patient relationship. This article presented a discussion of four aspects of the nonverbal communication process, suggesting implications for the dentist-patient relationship. The subjects reviewed and discussed included (1) environmental factors, (2) the perception and use of personal space (3) touching, and (4) various types of physical behavior. The outcome of any dentist-patient interaction can be significantly altered depending upon the dentist's awareness of, and responses to, the various nonverbal cues present in the dentist-patient interaction.


Influence of tetrahydrouridine on the phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara-C) by enzymes from solid tumors in vitro. The phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was studied in cell-free extracts from a variety of solid mouse tumors, L1210 ascites and in normal liver and spleen. Two apparent Michaelis constants were observed for kinase activity in Lewis lung (Km1, 4.15 muM; Km2 58.1 muM), sarcoma 180 (Km1 6.66 muM; Km2 56.18 muM), adenocarcinoma 755 (Km1 4.34 muM; Km2 50.0 muM) and l1210 (Km1 29.41 muM; Km2 41.67 muM). The Km1 values generally ranged from 5 to 20 muM 3H-ara-C while the Km2 values ranged from 20 to 60 muM 3H-ara-C. Normal spleen (Km 47.6 muM), normal liver (Km 10.0 muM) and Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma (Km 31.2 muM) had single Km values. In the presence of tetrahydrouridine (H4U), the in vitro phosphorylation of ara-C was increased as much as 91% in cell-free extracts from adenocarcinoma 755; lesser increases were observed in other tumor extracts. At low substrate concentrations, the apparent Km decreased or did not change in the presence of H4U, while at higher substrate concentrations the apparent Km was increased or did not change in the presence of H4U. In the presence of H4U, Vmax for kinase activity increased most in those tumors possessing deaminase activity.


The eminent canine.

The eminent canine.


Superior condylar displacement: Its diagnosis and treatment.


Emotional aspects of new prostheses for previously treated maxillofacial patients.


Survey of income of prosthodontists as assessed by the American College of Prosthodontists. The American College of Prosthodontists conducted a survey of the income of prosthodontists who were Diplomates of The American Board of Prosthodontics in 1973. Results indicated a significantly higher level of income for prosthodontics than that reported earlier by the Bureau of Economic Research and Statistics of the American Dental Association.


Periodontal considerations in operative dentistry. Periodontal and preventive considerations, other marginal fit and occlusion, are discussed as they relate to the fabrication of restorations in operative dentistry. The development of buccal, lingual, proximal, and transitional line contours is presented as related to maintenance of healthy periodontal tissues. Proximal contacts and marginal ridge relationships are related to food retention and arch integrity. The gingival attachment is described, as it determines certain techniques of tooth preparation and impression making.


Retentive properties of stainless steel pins cemented with ethyl cyanoacrylate. The bonds provided by the ethyl cyanoacrylate is only one fifth as strong as that obtained with a self-threading pin. This retention is comparable to that of zinc phosphate-cemented pins. The simplicty and quick-setting reaction are definite advantages; however, long-term studies are needed prior to clinical acceptance.


Adjustment of the lateral condylar guidances of Dentatus AR series of articulators. A method of accurately adjusting the lateral condylar guidances of the Dentatus AR series of articulators is described which, hopefully, will serve to reinforce and improve the instructions provided by the manufacturer of this excellent instrument.


Letter: Radiographic comparisons of condyle-fossa relationships during maxillomandibular registrations made by different methods.


Vein application technique for ocular prostheses.


Letter: The relationship of dental cements, pins, and retention.


Utilization of emergency dental services by rural, nonreservation Indians. The Shasta-Trinity-Siskiyou Indian dental clinic, which serves rural, nonreservation Indians in California, implemented a health education program designed to convert patients from an emergency to a routine care basis. A study was conducted, therefore, of the utilization patterns of 109 emergency patients treated at a clinic from September, 1971, through November, 1972, in order to provide information to improve this educational program. The results of the study showed that 58.7 percent of the emergency patients returned for routine care. Analyses of those patients who returned and those who did not return for care were made with regard to age, sex, time since last dental visit, and type of emergency treatment received. There were significant differences between the two groups of emergency patients with regard to age and type of treatment received. Those most likely to return for routine care were the patients 15 years or younger, and those who had received operative care. The emergency patients in the 16-25 age group, and those who received periodontal care were the least likely to return. No significant differences were found with regard to sex, or time since last dental visit. The emergency patients and patients whose initial visit to the clinic was for routine care were compared. A significant difference was found with regard to age. The patients 15 years or younger had the lowest percentage of initial visits for emergency care, and the 16-25 year age group had the highest. No significant differences were found with regard to sex, or time since last dental visit. This study may well be the first to examine the utilization of dental services by rural, non reservation Indians. The findings presented can serve as a basis for future investigation to improve the provision of dental services to this patient population.


The measurement and development of dentally relevant motives.


Satisfaction with care and the utilization of dental services at a neighborhood health center. The purpose of this research was to develop further information relevant to the problem of utilization of dental services at neighborhood health centers.  The research objectives were: (1) A descriptive assessment of the utilization trends of the population served by a neighborhood health center; (2) Some determination of any possible correlation between failed appointments and patients' satisfaction with dental care; and, (3) Some exploration of possible reasons for non-utilization of scheduled dental appointments by a sample of patients from the neighborhood health center who report a history of previous dental treatment.  From dental clinic daily appointment sheets, an assessment of utilization trends of a neighborhood health center population for a seven-month period (jon trends of a neighborhood health center population for a seven-month period (June 1, 1973 to December 31,1973) was obtained.  In addition, analyses of patient treatment records and information obtained from personal interviews with 40 individuals from the health center population facilitated the completion of the second and third research objectives.  The results indicated: (1) Compared to the findings of earlier research,-3 the reported ratio of broken to total appointments scheduled for this study population was substantially lower; (2) There is a rather strong relation between satisfaction with care and the utilization of dental services at the neighborhood health center studied; (3) Satisfaction with care is dependent upon a number of factors; and (4) Reasons given for nonutilization of scheduled dental services are practical ones, of which some are also reflected in the reasons given ofr dissatisfaction with dental care.


The concept of health in community dentistry.


The effect of the new federalism on education for dental public health. The interest of this paper was to explore the effects of the "New Federalism" on the future dental public health training.  It has indicated that there is a need for an immediate source of funding in order to avoid curtailment of dental public health training programs, and an adverse change in the composition of future students.  Further, the national character of public health training was recognized and the federal level of government was looked to anxiously in order to observe what will happen with the training and general purpose monies.  Only with a definite and long-term commitment from government, whether it be centrally or regionally located, can dental public health programming flourish once again.