Speech habilitation in cleft palate.

Speech habilitation in cleft palate.


A review of the actions and interactions of drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.


Obturation of two root canals with paper points. 19 year follow-up. Report of a case.


A review of endodontic emergencies: before, during and after treatment.


The Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Greater New York service benefit dental care program.


Letter: Disputes maldistribution figures.


Editorial: The UBT and eroding professionalism.


Council on dental care programs. The dilemma of "participating, non-participating".


Editorial: Against complacency.

Editorial: Against complacency.


From the dais. Report of President Lentchner.


Report on insurance programs.

Report on insurance programs.


The New York State Board for Dentistry. A summary of activities and development--April 1974-March 1975.


Pre-shaping of the gutta-percha master point by an internal impression method for precise obturation.


Whose property is a full set of x-rays?

Whose property is a full set of x-rays?


Subacute bacterial endocarditis secondary to dental infection. Case report.


Letter: Requests blue-cross clarification.


Letter: Re x-ray ownership.

Letter: Re x-ray ownership.


Why you need healthy gums.

Why you need healthy gums.


Peritonsillar, peripharyngeal, and deep neck abscesses. Abscesses of the peritonsillar and peripharyngeal regions typically present as a sore throat and as difficulty in swallowing. One of the most ?striking clinical features is difficulty in controlling saliva. Deep neck abscesses usually are secondary to disease in the pharynx, tonsils, or teeth. Initially, attention should be devoted to finding the primary source of infection. Treatment of these abscesses is incision and drainage.


A new complement function: solubilization of antigen-antibody aggregates. Antigen-antibody aggregates are solubilized when incubated with fresh serum at 37 degrees, yielding immune-complexes of relatively small molecular weight which contain antigen, antibody, and complement (C3)determinants. Solubilization is complement-dependent,requires free Mg++ but not Ca++, and proceeds in sera from C4- or C5-deficient animals. It is accelerated in the presence of Ca++ in normal or C4-deficient guinea pig serum, suggesting involvement of the Cl-bypass activation of the properdin system. Immune precipitates can also be solubilized by monovalent fragments (Fab) of antibodies directed against determinants of the antibody molecules included in the antigen-antibody lattice. Similarly, it is suggested that complement-mediated solubilization might be induced by the combination of a complement fragment with the antibody in the immune-aggregate.


The role of surface proteins in cell proliferation as studied with thrombin and other proteases. This communication explores the capacity of different proteases to stimulate DNA synthesis in resting chick embryo fibroblasts and to cause the removal of cell membrane proteins previosly postulated as important in the regulation of growth and division of cells. Thrombin, a highly specific protease and a known mitogen, was incubated with chick embryo fibroblasts, and analysis was made of the cell membrane proteins. Of particular interest were a protein of molecular weight 250,000, which is known to be readily removed by the action of trypsin and is not present in most transformed cells, and two other proteins, which are reduced in amount in transformed as compared to confluent resting cell cultures. None of these three proteins was removed by thrombin when the latter was added to confluent cells in concentrations sufficient to cause significant increase in DNA synthesis twelve hours after stimulation by the protease. The presence or absence of these proteins in the membranes of confluent resting or transformed cells of chick embryo fibroblasts does not seem to be directly related to the process of regulation of DNA synthesis and cellular division.


Resonance raman spectra of manganese (III) tetraphenylporphin halides. Unique resonance Raman spectra were obtained when manganese(III) tetraphenylporphin halides in noncoordinating solvents were illuminated by laser frequencies around 500 nm. Of particular interest is the observation of a feature that is sensitive to the nature of the axial ligand. This feature disappears when the coordinating solvent pyridine is employed, and it, therefore, appears to be diagnostic of the manganese coordination number.


The in vitro addition of a polyadenylate sequence to the 3' end of phage Qbeta RNA and the biological activity of the product. Terminal riboadenylate transferase, purified from calf thymus, has been used to add a poly(A) extension to the 3' end of Qbeta RNA. The modified Qbeta RNA retains full infectivity in a spheroplast assay system. However, the progeny viruses do not contain poly(A) termini, indicating an in vivo rectification of the in vitro alteration.


Murine leukemia virus: detection of unintegrated double-stranded DNA forms of the provirus. Infection of JLS V-9 (mouse bone marrow) cells with Moloney murine leukemia virus leads to appearance of virus-specific DNA in the low molecular weight DNA fraction from infected cells. Most of this DNA is double-stranded. Two discrete forms of double-stranded DNA, both of molecular weight 6 times 10-6, have been characterized. One of these forms is closed-circular, supercoiled DNA; the other form is a mixture of nicked-circular and linear DNA.


Sequential production of fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis in sub-human primates fed ethanol with adequate diets. This study reproduces in experimental animals the sequential development of all the liver lesions seen in the human alcoholic: in 15 baboons fed ethanol, all developed fatty liver, five progressed to hepatitis, and five had cirrhosis. Maintenance of a nutritionally adequate regimen despite the intake of inebriating amounts of ethanol (50% of total calories) was achieved by incorporation of the ethanol in a totally liquid diet. Upon ethanol withdrawal, signs of physical dependence, such as seizures and tremors, developed. Ultrastructural changes of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were already present at the fatty liver stage and persisted throughout the hepatitis and cirrhosis. The lesions were similar to those observed in alcoholics (including the inflammation and the central sclerosis) and differed from the alterations produced by choline and protein defiencies. At the fatty liver stage, some "adaptive" increases in activity of microsomal enzymes [aniline hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.1) and the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system] were observed, but these tended to disappear with the development of hepatitis and cirrhosis. Fat accumulation was also much more pronounced in the animals with the hepatitis as compared with those with simple fatty liver (an 18-fold compared with 3- to 4-fold increase in liver triglycerides). The demonstration that these lesions can develop despite an adequate diet indicates that in addition to correction of the nutritional status, control of alcohol intake is mandatory for the management of patients with alcoholic liver injury.


The effect of acetoxycycloheximide on rate of accumulation of cerebral catecholamines from circulating tyrosine as related to its effect on memory. The rate of accumulation of newly synthesized catecholamines and endogenous catecholamine levels in mice were determined after an amnestic intracranial dose of acetoxycycloheximide. Rates of accumulation were found to be severly decreased for a period of 12 hr after injection. Total catecholamine levels were increased from 1 to 4 hr, then decreased 17 hr following injection. These results are discussed in terms of previous behavioral observations. It is pointed out that they weaken the assumption that acetoxycycloheximide's amnestic effects are solely due to inhibition of protein synthesis.


A zinc protein isolated from human parotid saliva. A zinc protein has been isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity from subjects with normal taste acuity by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The protein has a molecular weight of 37,000 and does not appear to have subunits. It is composed of 8% histidine residues and has 2 moles of zinc per mole of protein.


Isolation of mammalian cell mutants deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity: linkage to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. Mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP 1-oxidoreducatse, EC 1.1.1.49) activity were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. The mutants were induced at frequencies of about 10-4 and do not differ in growth properties from wild-type cells. They were isolated by means of a sib selection technique coupled with a histochemical stain of colonies for enzyme activity. The lack of enzyme activity is not due to a dissociable inhibitor, and is recessive in hybrid cells. Multiple mutants that lack hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity (IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity (AMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.7) were isolated by further mutagenesis. By following segregation of wild-type phenotypes from heterozygous multiply marked hybrid cells, it was shown that the genes responsible for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity are linked in Chinese hamster cells, in agreement with the location of both on the X chromosome in humans. No linkage to adenosine phosphoribosyltransferase was found. The isolation of mutant cells carrying linked markers should prove useful for studying chromosomal events such as segregation, breakage, recombination, and X-chromosome reactivation.


RNA-primed DNA synthesis: specific catalysis by HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha. We have analyzed and compared the responses of the three major HeLa cell DNA polymerases (alpha, beta, and gamma) to a HeLa DNA template with short RNA or DNA primers hybridized to it. Only DNA polymerase alpha is able to synthesize DNA covalently bonded to the RNA primer via a 3' yields 5' phosphodiester bond.  32P transfer experiments showed that all combinations of ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides are represented in the RNA-DNA linkages but their distribution is nonrandom. The RNA-DNA linked molecules base-paired to a HeLa DNA template strand represent a possible "natural" in vitro primer-template for DNA polymerases and can be extended by all three DNA polymerases (alpha, beta, and gamma). These findings indicate that DNA polymerases beta and gamma are capable of DNA-primed but not RNA-PRIMED DNA synthesis, while DNA polymerase alpha is capable of both RNA-primed and DAN-primed DNA synthesis.


Control of ovarian cell growth in culture by serum and pituitary factors. An ovarian cell line was developed that requires hormonal conditioning of the host for growth in vivo and that requires special factors for growth in vitro. It is necessary to prepare special culture media to demonstrate the effects of growth factors in vitro. To this end, methods were developed for removing from serum those essential factors required for the growth of ovarian cells in culture. Minimal growth occurred in medium containing fetal calf serum that had been passed through a porcelain filter. This method of depleting serum was replaced by a procedure involving passage through a carboxymethylcellulose column. Either pituitary extract or the eluate from the column restored growth in these depleted media. The eluate was more active than pituitary extract with regard to maximal growth enhancement. When the cells were incubated in the depleted media, viability, as measured by plating efficiency, decreased with incubation time. Either pituitary extract or the eluate from the column prevented such death of cells. Based on these findings, we postulate that the eluate contains both a survival factor and a growth-promoting factor for these ovarian cells, while pituitary extract contains only the survival factor.


Cytochemical studies on golgi apparatus, GERL, and lysosomes in neurons of dorsal root ganglia in mice. Cytochemically demonstrable thiamine pyrophosphatase activity is present in the innermost Golgi element in both small and large neurons of the dorsal root ganglia in CF1, C57 black, and C57 beige mice, thus resembling the neurons of rat dorsal root ganglia. The localization of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) activity in the large neurons of dorsal root ganglia in these mice is also similar to that in rats; it is not demonstrable in Golgi elements but is present in GERL and in three types of lysosomes apparently derived from GERL. However, the small neurons of the mouse differ from those of the rat in showing acid phosphatase activity in all elements of the Golgi apparatus. In the mouse neurons the acid phosphatase activity of residual bodies is "latent," i.e., it is not demonstrable in well-preserved cells.


Effects of cytochaslasin B and colcemide on myogenic cultures. Muscle cultures treated with cytochalasin B yield mono- and oligonucleated cells of two kinds: (i) arborized, replicating precursor myogenic cells and fibroblasts; and (ii) round, post-mitotic, terminally differentiating myoblasts and myotubes. The arborized cells do not bind fluorescein-labeled antibody against myosin, do not contract rhythmically, and do not display hexagonally stacked thick and thin filaments. The round, mono-nucleated myoblasts and round, oligonucleated myotubes bind the fluorescein-labeled antibody against myosin, contract rhythmically, and display clusters of hexagonally-stacked thick and thin filaments. When cytochalasin B is removed and replaced by colcemide, the arborized cells, but not the post-mitotic muscle cells, acquire a radial symmetry and are induced to assemble massive, meandering cables that may occupy over 25% of the cell volume. These tortuous calbes are positively birefringent and consist exclusively of enormous numbers of 100-A, intermediate-sized filaments.


X-ray diffraction studies of human erythrocyte membrane structure. Small angle x-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained from ordered arrays of hemoglobin-free human erthyrocyte membranes by use of improved techniques. Diffraction data have been recorded to 9 A resolution on samples whose lattice periodicity was varied (by changing humidity) from 55.5 A to 69.6 A. The observed reflections permitted tracing the intensity transform of the membranes. Phases for the reflections were assigned by the minimum wavelength principle. An electron density profile was then obtained by Fourier inversion, and yielded a symmetric membrane about 55 A in width. This structure can account for the previously reported diffuse scattering observed in other preparations (thus rendering unnecessary the proposed assignment of this scattering to a separated lipoprotein phase) and for the continuous scattering that we have recorded from isolated membranes in buffer. Lower resolution data that we have obtained from ultracentrifugally prepared lattices in buffer (and therefore without dehydration) are consistent with the above results, and support our view that we are observing diffraction from intact membranes.


Testosterone stimulation of a rapidly labeled, low-molecular-weight RNA fraction in human hepatic erythroid cells in culture. The addition of erythropoietin to cell cultures of erythroid cells of human fetal liver resulted in an increased incorporation of thymidine, adenine, and uridine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell fractions and in an increased uptake of adenine and uridine into the cell. Although the effects of testosterone and erythropoietin on heme synthesis in these cells are known to be very similar, there was no effect of testosterone on the total incorporation of radioactive precursors into DNA or RNA. The RNA synthesized after short pulses of radioactive uridine, when analyzed on sucrose gradients containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, consisted of a homogeneous peak sedimenting at 10 plus or minus 2 S, which is quite different from the heterogeneous, high-molecular-weight RNA synthesized under identical conditions in primary cultures of human fetal lung, kidney, or liver parenchymal cells. Addition of testosterone to liver erythroid cells in cultures for 5 hr followed by a 1-hr uridine pulse resulted in a 3-fold increase of RNA species with an average sedimentation coefficient of 14 plus or minus 3 S. The similarity with the sedimentation coefficient of the globin mRNA described in other systems and the high degree of specialization of the erythroid cells suggest that this RNA may be a stable intermediate involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin.


Abnormal collagen metabolism in cultured cells in osteogenesis imperfecta. Cells obtained from normal human skin synthesize predominantly type I collogen in culture. Cells obtained from the skin of an infant with a severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta were found to synthesize as much type III as type I collagen. Decreased synthesis of type I collagen could explain the tissue fragility observed in this case.


Isolation of the bacteriophage lambda A-gene protein. An in vitro assay for measuring the activity of the phage lambda A-gene product has been developed. The assay is based on the observation that A-donor extracts complement A minus extracts for packaging of exogenous immature lambda DNA into phage particles. A partial purification of the A-gene product activity using this assay is presented. A method is suggested by which this A protein-dependent in vitro system might be manipulated to analyze the mechanism of reforming the lambda cohesive termini during chromosome assimilation into phage precursors.


Further evidence of a quantitative deficiency of chain-specific globin mRNA in the thalassemia syndromes. Formamide gel electrophoresis separates the mRNA fraction from reticulocyte polyribosomes of adult humans into two major RNA species with migratory rates identical to those of the alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs of the rabbit. That these two RNAs of human origin are the globin mRNAs is further supported by the deficiency of the presumed beta mRNA in reticulocyte polyribosomes of fetuses and premature infants, whose cells make gamma chains in preference to beta chains. The globin mRNAs of reticulocyte polyribosomes from patients with hematological disorders were estimated by scanning the stained formamide gels. In contrast to individuals with either hemolytic anemia without hemoglobinopathy or sickle cell anemia who had beta mRNA to alpha mRNA ratios of approximately one, a patient with Hb S-beta-thalassemia had a ratio of beta mRNA to alpha mRNA of 0.75 while two subjects with homozygous beta-thalassemia had severe deficiencies of beta mRNA. Conversely, a patient with alpha-thalassemia (Hb H disease) had a ratio of beta mRNA to alpha mRNA on reticulocyte polyribosomes of 6. These data provide further evidence of a quantitative deficiency of chain-specific globin mRNA in patients with the thalassemia syndromes.


Morphine receptors as regulators of adenylate cyclase activity. Morphine inhibits adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity of neuroblastoma times glioma hybrid cells. The inhibition is stereospecific and is reversed by the antagonist, naloxone. The relative affinities of narcotics for the opiate receptor agree well with their effectiveness as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase. Morphine-sensitive and -insensitive cell lines were found, and the degree of sensitivity was shown to be dependent upon the abundance of narcotic receptors. Thus, morphine receptors are functionally coupled to adenylate cyclase. A molecular mechanism for narcotic addiction and tolerance is proposed.


Separation of 1-acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerolphosphorylcholine acyltransferase of rat liver microsomes. 1-Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (Ec 2.3.1-) and 1-acylglycerolphosphorylcholine acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) of rat liver microsomes were separated from each other. The separation was achieved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the enzyme preparation that was obtained by solubilizing microsomes with a nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, and subjecting the solubilized microsomes to molecular-sieve chromatography. The two acyltransferases are distinguishable from each other also with respect to their stabilities to heat and to Triton X-100. Hence, it is concluded that these acyltransferases are distinct enzymes. These results, together with our previous finding that glycerolphosphate acyltransferase is also a separate enzyme, demonstrate the presence of distinct acyltransferases responsible for the acylation of the different acyl acceptors. Furthermore, the acyl-donor specificities of these acyltransferases provide the enzymatic basis for the nonrandom distribution of fatty acids in naturally occurring glycerolipids.


O-phthalaldehyde: fluorogenic detection of primary amines in the picomole range. Comparison with fluorescamine and ninhydrin. O-Phthalaldehyde, in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, reacts with primary amines to form highly fluorescent products. Picomole quantities of amino acids, peptides, and proteins can be detected easily. o-Phthalaldehyde is five to ten times more sensitive than fluorescamine and is soluble and stable in aqueous buffers.


X-ray crystallographic visualization of drug-nucleic acid intercalative binding: structure of an ethidium-dinucleoside monophosphate crystalline complex, Ethidium: 5-iodouridylyl (3'-5') adenosine. We have cocrystallized the drug ethidium bromide with the dinucleoside monophosphate 5-iodouridylyl(3'-5')adenosine and have solved the three-dimensional structure to atomic resolution by x-ray crystallography. This has allowed the direct visualization of intercalative binding by this drug to a fragment of a nucleic acid double helix.


Nucleas action on chromatin: evidence for discrete, repeated nucleoprotein units along chromatin fibrils. The time course of the fragmentation of calf thymus chromatin by DNase II (deoxyribonucleate 3'-oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.6) has been examined by sedimentation of chromatin digests through linear (5-20%) sucrose gradients. The action of nuclease is decidedly nonrandom, ultimately producing roughly equal amounts of acid-soluble oligonucleotides and 11S nucleoprotein particles. The 11S particles contain double-stranded DNA that is approximately 400 A or 120 base-pairs long, as measured by electron microscopic examination of deproteinized samples, and is maintained in a compact conformation within the intact particles. In addition, 15S nucleoprotein particles containing predominantly 800-A lengths of DNA have been isolated from less extensively digested chromatin. Evidence is presented which indicates that the 11S particles are fundamental structural units that are arranged in tandem along certain regions of chromatin fibrils. Preliminary experiments with different nucleases and with chromatin from different mammalian species indicate that these results are a natural consequence of the arrangement of DNA and proteins in mammalian chromatin and are not peculiar to the system described in detail.


A theory of evolution above the species level. Gradual evolutionary change by natural selection operates so slowly within established species that it cannot account for the major features of evolution. Evolutionary change tends to be concentrated within speciation events. The direction of transpecific evolution is determined by the process of species selection, which is analogous to natural selection but acts upon species within higher taxa rather than upon individuals within populations. Species selection operates on variation provided by the largely random process of speciation and favors species that speciate at high rates or survive for long periods and therefore tend to leave many daughter species. Rates of speciation can be estimated for living taxa by means of the equation for exponential increase, and are clearly higher for mammals than for bivalve mollusks.


Translation in vitro of rat brain messenger RNA coding for tubulin and actin. A partially purified fraction of poly(a)-rich brain mRNA coding for tubulin and actin was obtained by stepwise elution from an oligo(deoxythymidylate)-cellulose column and was efficiently translated in a wheat-germ cell-free system. The newly synthesized tubulin and actin migrated along with the authentic proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gels, where tubulin alpha- and beta-subunits are separated. The two proteins synthesized in vitro were found to be biologically active; they could be induced to polymerize and were both precipitated by vinblastine. In addition, specific binding of tubulin to an affinity column of colchicine-Sepharose and actin to myosin were demonstrated.


Non-specific stimulation of cell-free protein synthesis by a dialyzable factor isolated from reticulocyte initiation factors ("iRNA"). The specificity of a dialyzable component, isolated from rabbit reticulocyte initiation factors, in stimulating protein synthesis was examined. It appeard that his factor (hereafter designated as "iRNA") was able to restore the activity of initiation factor preparations that were inactivated by dialysis. The "iRNA" from reticulocytes stimulated polypeptide synthesis directed by the homologous globin mRNA as well as heterologous lens crystallin mRNAs. No selectivity in its stimulating action with regard to the type of mRNA studied could be observed. The source of ribosomes or supernatant enzymes did not influence the effect of "iRNA". However, in an ascites lysate that was dependent on the addition of initiation factors, "iRNA" increased polypeptide formation only marginally, suggesting that in this lysate a similar factor was already present in an active form. It is concluded that "iRNA" may regulate protein synthesis, but without exhibiting specificity towards mRNAs, at least those tested so far.


A very rapid effect of androgen on initiation of protein synthesis in prostate. The initiation of protein synthesis by ribosomal particles of rat ventral prostate was studied by measuring ribosomal binding of an initiator (35-S)methionyl-tRNAf. The binding activity is dependent on ribosomes, GTP, and a prostate cytosol protein fraction. The 40S but not the 60S ribosomal subunit particles are active. The cytosol activity decreases rapidly within one hour after the rat is castrated. This loss is prevented by an intraperitoneal injection of 17beta-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone). The cytosol activity can be stimulated almost immediately (within 10 min) after an intravenous injection of low dose (15 mug per rat) of 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone into the castrated rat.


Cholinergic differentiation of presumptive adrenergic neuroblasts in interspecific chimeras after heterotopic transplantations. The levels of the neural axis from which parasympathetic and orthosympathetic neurons and adrenomedullary cells are derived under normal developmental conditions were determined in avian embryos by a biological labeling technique. The technique is based on nuclear differences between two species of birds, the chick and the quail. In quail interphase nuclei a part of the chromatin is condensed in large heterochromatic masses associated with nucleolus, while in the chick, DNA is evenly dispersed in the nucleoplasm. These characteristics provide a stable nuclear marker that can be used to study cell migrations and differentiation in chimeric embryos resulting from the association of quail and chick tissues. Isotopic and heterotopic transplantations of quail neural primordium into chick before the outset of neural crest cell migration show that the autonomic ortho- and parasympathetic neuroblasts are not determined to differentiate into cholinergic or adrenergic neurons when they begin to migrate. The neurotransmitter synthesized by crest autonomic neuroblasts depends on the microenvironment in which crest cells become localized at the term of their migration. The splanchnic mesoderm induces presumptive adrenergic cells to become fully differentiated cholinergic neurons.


Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site from the DNA of bacteriophage fd. The primary structure of a strong RNA polymerase binding site in the replicative form DNA of phage fd has been determined by direct DNA sequencing. It is: (see article). The molecule contains regions with 2-fold symmetry and sequence homologies to promoter regions from other DNAs. The startpoint of transcription is located in the center of the binding site.


5'-Terminal m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-m-p in vivo: identification in reovirus genome RNA. Methylated reovirus mRNA was synthesized in vitro in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]-methionine. Viral genome double-stranded RNA that was uniformly labeled with 32-P was isolated from purified virions. The RNAs were mixed and their 5'-terminal structures compared by electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses after enzymatic digestion. Both the mRNA and the corresponding strand in the genome RNA contain m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-m-pCp, indicating that infected cells synthesize viral RNA with blocked, methylated 5' termini.


Measurement of human dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in serum by homologous radioimmunoassay. Human serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase [3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreducatse (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1] levels have been determined in 52 samples with a newly devised radioimmunoassay that utilizes purified human enzyme and its specific antiserum. The values obtained were in excellent agreement (correlation coefficient r equals 0.98) with those obtained by measuring enzymatic activity in the same sera. Either assay technique, enzymatic or homologous radioimmunoassay, can be used for measurement of the enzyme in normal human serum.


A retarded rate of DNA chain growth in Bloom's syndrome. The cytogenetic observation that homologous chromatid interchange occurs in Bloom's syndrome more often than normal prompted an investigation of DNA replication in that rare genetic disorder. Using DNA fiber autoradiography, an estimation was made of the rate of one component of ongoing DNA replication, DNA chain growth. The rate in Bloom's syndrome dermal fibroblasts in tissue culture was found to be significantly slower than that in normal control cells. (The rate was found to be normal in Fanconi's anemia cells.) The explanation for the retarded chain growth may be either that an enzyme concerned directly with semiconservative DNA replication is defective or that a defective enzyme not itself concerned directly with replication results in disturbed cellular metabolism which in turn affects replication.


A short-term evaluation of a chlorhexidine gel on plaque deposits and gingival status. A gel containing 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate was tested for its ability to affect plaque formation and the gingival status of twelve male dental students in a controlled double-blind cross-over study. The chlorhexidine gel significantly reduced plaque formation when compared with the placebo gel, but the improvement in gingival health was not statistically significant.


The effect of hypothyroidism on caries incidence in adult rats having functioning parathyroid glands. Thyroidectomies were performed on adult rats in which parathyroid gland function was maintained by autotransplantation of these glands. Serum calcium were normal in these rats, and external neck I 131 counts confirmed that they were hypothyroid. After maintenance on a cariogenic diet for 3 months, these animals exhibited a higher caries incidence than euthyroid controls.


Changes in preference for NaCl following administration of 6-azauridine and 6-azauridine triacetate. Preliminary evidence in man has suggested that 6-azauridine triacetate (6-AzUrdTA) might adversely affect taste acuity. The production of measurable serum concentrations of homocysteine in rabbits treated with 6-AzUrdTA further suggested a mechanism for the possible adverse effects of this drug on taste, since administration of other thiol-containing drugs in man and animals had been shown to decrease taste acuity. Since changes in preferences for NaCl solutions have been shown to reflect changes in taste acuity in the rat, preference for NaCl solutions in rats treated with 6-AzUrdTA were measured in a two-bottle test. Detection and recognition thresholds were also measured in patients with scleroderma before and after the administration of 6-AzUrdTA. Serum copper and zinc concentrations were measured in both rats and man. Rats given 6-AzUrdTA exhibited a significantly greater intake of 0.30-M NaCl than control rats, who avoided this solution. This change was accompanied by a significant decrease in serum zinc concentrations. No significant changes in taste acuity occurred in the patients. These data suggest that administration of 6-AzUrdTA affects taste acuity in rats either through the addition of thiols or the depletion of zinc.


A quantitative and qualitative study of the lipid composition of rat weaning and adult thymus tissue. The principle aim of this investigation was to compare the lipid composition of the weaning and the adult involuted thymus. In its trglyceride deposition the response of the involuted thymus paralleled that of adipose tissue in that approximately 100 mg/g of triglyceride were evident among the phospholipid concentrations of weanling and adult thymus tissue, but the total cholesterol concentration did increase significantly in the adult rat thymus. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of fatty acids indicating that the involuting thymus tissues contained more unsaturated than saturated fatty acids--even to a greater degree than adipose tissue. Sex differences were found to be negligible. The possibilities of a thymus cholesterol synthesizing system, a fatty-acid desaturation system, or thymic humoral influences upon fatty-acid desaturation are proposed.


A new method of injecting local anesthetic painlessly--the sublimator.


The technique of apicoectomy. Apicoectomy in the region of the floor of the antrum.


Some effects of local anesthetics on schedule-controlled behavior. The central effects of local anesthetics were compared with those of d-amphetamine, using the schedule-controlled behavior of the pigeon. Subconvulsant doses of cocaine and d-amphetamine produced similar effects on schedule-controlled behavior that were quite different from the effects of procaine, mepivacaine and lidocaine.


Systematized preparation technique (V). Preparation of a cervical cavity for amalgam restoration.


Complete dentures (VII). Goals and techniques of finishing and post-insertion care.


Probable diagnoses of functional disturbances (I).


Rational practice hygiene with an instrument cleaning machine.


Securing deep fractured roots of maxillary molars.


The resin veneer restoration--an aid in pedodontics.


Making impressions with elastic materials.


Systematized preparation technique (VI). Preparation of a cerivical cavity for cast restoration.


Complete dentures 8. Creative and artistic tasks in complete prosthodontics.


The functionally correct removable orthodontic appliance.


Probable diagnoses of functional disturbances (2).


Operating dental auxiliaries--an analysis of progress?


Clinical distress. Its cause and cure.

Clinical distress. Its cause and cure.


Treatment of therapy-resistant acute myeloid leukaemia with 7 and 8 cytostatics. 16 courses of an 8-drug regimen including daunomycin, vincristine, cytosinearabinoside, thioguanine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and hydroxyurea, and 12 courses of a 7-drug regimen including the same drugs minus hydroxyurea were administered in 16 otherwise therapy-resistant cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. In spite of a significant and rapid reduction of the leukaemic cell-mass in all the cases treated, only two brief minimal remissions were obtained. The main toxic effect was myelosuppression. However, the treatment was associated with a high frequency of mucosal ulcerations of the oesophagus and stomach, and it cannot be excluded that the latter complication may be drug-related.


Clinicopathological conference: fifty-seven year old male with symptoms of chronic cystitis.


Orbital pseudodeffect secondary to excessive pneumatization of the sphenoid bone.


Clinical pathologic conference: Chronic myelogenous leukemia with fever and progressive pulmonary insufficiency of undetermined origin.


Orthopedic surgery.

Orthopedic surgery.


Splenectomy in chronic myelocytic leukaemia.


Computerized prediction: the accuracy of a contemporary long-range forecast.


Neutrophil granulocyte function in the early diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic and myeloblastic leukaemia. The phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes from 5 patients with early acute myelomonocytic or myeloblastic leukaemia and 5 controls have been examined. In each patient the bactericidal activity was lower than in any control and the neutrophil dysfunction was demonstrated before leukaemia could be diagnosed from clinical and haematological findings. During periods of remission, the bactericidal activity was normal. Results of neutrophil granulocyte function studies may be a significant aid in the early diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic and myeloblastic leukaemia.


A simplified approach to prediction.

A simplified approach to prediction.


Chromosome and histologic patterns in pre-invasive lesions of the cervix. The chromosome constitution and histologic appearances are described in seven cases of carcinoma in situ of the cervix in which biopsies were examined at two different time intervals. Punch biopsies were taken using colposcopic localization from the area of maximum abnormality and fragments for chromosomes analysis from cone biopsies taken with the aid of stereomicroscopy. Chromosome preparations were made using a direct squash technique. The chromosome profile and histologic appearances remained constant in six of the seven cases over time intervals varying from three months to three years. In one case the histologic, cytologic and chromosome profile changed over a five month period from a large cell peritetraploid lesion to a small cell peridiploid. The significance of these observations is discussed.


The cellular manifestations of mycosis fungoides in cerebrospinal fluid. A case report.


A statistical evaluation of the Ricketts and Johnston growth-forecasting methods.


Posttreatment change: a reality.

Posttreatment change: a reality.


Cytodiagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma. Ultrastructural study of material obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy. The material obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy from a metastatic acinic cell carcinoma was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. A preliminary diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma established by light microscopy was confirmed by electron microscopic study. Glandular arrangement of cancerous cells and the presence of a specific type of secretory granules in their cytoplasm were the most characteristic ultrastructural features of the acinic cell carcinoma.


The rationale for esthetic orthodontic treatment in the adult patient.


The diagnostic significance of parabasal cells. II. Rate of their disappearance and reappearance under estrogen administration and withdrawal. The rate of disappearance of parabasal cells under estrogens and their reappearance following the cessation of treatment was studied in 22 patients. In ten patients with complete atrophic cell type, parabasal cells disappeared within 6 to 15 days under the influence of estradiol dipropionate (1-0.5-0.05 mg. daily for five days). In these patients parabasal cells reappeared promptly (within 20 days) after discontinuation of estrogen administration. In 12 patients receiving replacement therapy for long periods of time (2 to 10 years) there was a marked variability (10 days to 8 months) in the rate of reappearance of parabasal cells after cessation of treatment. These findings document the sensitivity and reliability of the atrophic cell type as an index of estrogen lack in the organism.


Mandibular function: an orthodontic responsibility.


Microfilariae in nipple secretion.

Microfilariae in nipple secretion.


Editorial: AAO constituent society presidents discuss current specialty issues. Part II.


A longitudinal study of postoperative changes in the soft-tissue profile in bilateral cleft lip and palate from birth to 6 years.


The allometric growth of the skull. General mode and prediction of facial growth. Analysis of skull growth in three dimensions indicates that the process is precise and ordered. It can be logarithmically represented as an expansive process taking place in straight lines. This permits prediction of future shape by forward projection of lines derived from at least two records taken at an early age. Although these longitudinal studies have been carried out in animals, the similarity between human and animal cross-sectional material suggests that the mode of growth of the human skull follows the same principles. It should be possible, with the development of more accurate recording techniques suitable for analysis in three dimensions, to project the future shape of the human skull with a substantial degree of accuracy.


Cephalometric and intraoral variables as they relate to articulation improvement with training.


Early or late cervical traction therapy of Class II malocclusion in the mixed dentition. It was the purpose of this investigation to evaluate the effect of cervical traction in Class II malocclusions in which treatment was started either early or late in the mixed dentition. Evaluation of the data indicated that the amount and direction of growth were of the greatest importance for effective treatment. Vertical growth appeared to be of particular importance and correlated to the anteroposterior improvement of the relationship between the maxilla and the mandible. Cervical traction, as advocated in this study, was more favorable in the early mixed dentition. A greater amount of growth and a subsequent increased reduction in the ANB angle was recorded during this period. The effect of treatment upon the maxilla, as revealed in posterior movement of the maxillary molar and the pterygomaxillary fissure, was more evident in early treatment. Great individual variability was observed, but in cases in which there was a severe discrepancy in the relationship between the maxilla and the mandible treatment in the early mixed dentition may be essential.


Correction of impacted teeth: a case report.


Editorial: The impact of health maintenance organizations (HMO) on health care.


Letter: More on interproximal stripping.


A vade mecum for the Begg technique: technical principles.


Electronic cell volume (coulter volume) distribution of vaginal-cervical cytology samples. Peripheral blood and buccal cells were used as "model" cell populations to indicate where in the electronic cell volume (ECV) spectrum the individual cell populations of vaginal and cervical irrigations would appear.  Four clinical samples each representing a different stage of abnormality were evaluated and compared with the "model" cell populations.  The pattern was the same for all of the clinical samples and correlated with the blood and buccal cell populations.  Only two distinct ECV populations were observed, the inflammatory cells and the epithelial cells.  There was no difference in pattern of any of the volume distributions to indicate abnormality to any degree.


Letter: In situ lung carcinoma.

Letter: In situ lung carcinoma.


The plastic module as an orthodontic tooth-moving mechanism.


Anterior open-bite: a cephalometric analysis and suggested treatment procedures.


The diagnostic significance of parabasal cells. I. Correlation with the clinical diagnosis in 209 patients. The diagnostic significance of parabasal cells was investigated by studying the correlation of their presence in the smears with the clinical diagnosis of the patients. Out of a total of 2,193 patients examined for various endocrine disorders during a period of seven years, parabasal cells were found in 209 patients of the reproductive years. In all these patients the presence of parabasal cells in the smears was related with two endocrine states: a) either the complete absence of estrogens (173 patients or 82.7 percent), or b) the presence of excess amounts of androgens (36 patients or 17.3 percent). In both instances the cytologic findings indicated accurately the severeness of the underlying endocrine disturbance which had necessitated a battery of laboratory tests and assays to be established.


Midwestern Society provides guidelines on use of auxiliary personnel.


Intrafamilial dentofacial associations for Class II, Division 1 probands.


Muscle pressures and tooth position: North American whites and Australian aborigines.


Prediction of normal soft tissue facial changes.


Implications of bioelectric growth control in orthodontics and dentistry.


Planning treatment in high angle Class II malocclusion.


Effects of the Wardill-Kilner (V/W-Y) palatoplasty on facial growth.


Thermometric estimation of carbon dioxide output in the anesthetized patient. A thermometer reaching the center of an experimental thermally-insulated lime container, placed in the exhalation limb of a Foregger circle system, was used to measure the carbon dioxide (C02) output of a paralyzed anesthetized patient. Fresh gas inflow, ventilatory rate, and tidal volume were standard. Temperature rise in the canister was found closely related to CO2 output, which was calculated, after a period of stabilization, with the help of a nomogram. The results with this simple instrument coincided with those of more complex procedures.


Dental and other bodily dimensions in different orthodontic categories.


Fluoride application procedures in orthodontic practice, current concepts. A survey is given of present knowledge of different methods of fluoride administration with emphasis on practical measures of proved value for orthodontic patients. The review covers different F administration procedures by dental personnel and self-application and includes the use of prophylaxis pastes, topical solutions, gels, mouth rinses, dentifrices, tablets, cements, coatings, varnishes, etc. Some recommendations are given as to optimal programs in orthodontic practice based upon evaluations of clinical effectiveness, safety and ease of application. Some caries reduction has been obtained from professional application of F prophylaxis pastes, but F pastes cannot replace topical F application. Treatment with F gels or solutions preceded by thorough cleaning and drying of the teeth is advocated before the placement of appliances and at recementations. Because F solutions are tedious to apply, and not more effective than F gels, the latter are preferable. APF gel application is suited in conjunction with impression taking. Daily self-application of SnF2 gels undoubtedly is effective in reducing caries in orthodontic patients. However, daily NaF or APF mouth rinses may have the dual effect of caries inhibition and stimulating hygiene interest and are more thoroughly tested. In addition to the other forms of F administration, a F dentifrice should be used regularly. Daily F application is appropriate also for orthodontic patients in fluoridated areas. In vitro studies with F cements indicate a great F uptake by the enamel, but controlled, long-term clinical studies are lacking. Also the final judgment of a number of new coating techniques and F varnishes must await further clinical testing, although a beneficial effect of F sealing in orthodontic patients is substantiated. In conclusion, APF gel application before insertion of appliances and at regular recementations plus daily rinsing with dilute NaF or APF solutions throughout the periods of treatment and retention plus the regular use of a F dentifrice is recommended as a routine procedure for all orthodontic patients.


Dentofacial differences between "normal" sibs of Class II and Class III patients.


The numenon and the phenomenon.

The numenon and the phenomenon. A bolus of 3 mg. of atropine was given intravenously (I.V.) to 123 anesthetized patients. Increases in heart rate were seen in 109 patients (88 percent), while 7 patients (5.7 percent) had decreases and 7 others (5.7 percent) had no change. A mean increase in systolic arterial blood pressure of 14 mm. Hg was noted. A certain pattern in increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was observed. Ninety-six percent of the patients under cyclopropane, fluorexene, ether, ketamine, or regional (spinal or epidural) anesthesia had heart-rate increases compared with only 77 to 89 percent of the patients anesthetized with halothane, enflurane, or neuroleptanalgesics. Rise in systolic blood pressure was seen in 40 to 50 percent of the former, but only in 31 to 40 percent of the latter group. The arrhythmias observed were transient A-V junctional tachycardias in three instances and bigeminal rhythm in one patient under cyclopropane anesthesia. The administration of a vagolytic dose of atropine to anesthetized patients appears not to be as arrhythmogenic as previously considered.


Experiments with unilateral bite planes in rabbits. 1. Insertion of bite planes on the right mandibular lateral teeth of eight young rabbits caused load changes in the masticatory system. Eight other animals served as controls. 2. The induced changes were equilibrated during the nine-week experimental period by adapation processes. At the end of the period all teeth were in occlusion and the glenoid fossa-condylar process distance was equal on both sides. 3. The adaptation was the result of several mechanisms working together. We found changes in the alveolar region and at distant growth structures. Cranial scolioses were observed. 4. Masticatory functional loading is a factor which regulates growth in the region of the facial skeleton.


Asymmetry of the human facial skeleton.

Asymmetry of the human facial skeleton.


A cephalometric investigation of facial profile changes in high angle nongrowing cases.


A longitudinal study of rest position and centric occlusion. A fifteen-year longitudinal study of rest position and centric occlusion was done on sixteen dentulous subjects with random occlusions. In reviewing the literature the author could find no other investigation with this number of years interim. Records consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms taken when the patient was in rest position and in centric occlusion. Rest position was determined by the patient saying "m" and swallowing, and electromyographically when the anterior belly of the digastric and the temporalis muscles elicited the electrical activity. Both linear and angular measurements were made. The figures from 1958, 1959, and 1960 were averaged and compared with the mean of those taken in 1973. Rest position was found to have a small range of stability in all subjects, while the vertical dimension of centric occlusion increased in ten subjects, decreased in two, and remained the same in four.


Profile of an excellent orthodontic patient.


The influence of environment on the growth of the craniofacial complex--a study on domestication.


Othodontic aspects of dental anthropology. Variation in the size, shape, number, arrangement, and wear pattern of the teeth of man has long been an area of great interest to physical anthropologists. In this paper some of the remarkable variations to be found in the human dentition are identified and translated in orthodontic terms. Teeth are by nature imperfect structures, often just as disfigured individually as the malocclusions they form collectively. It is important that the orthodontist cultivates an anthropologist's eye for tooth variations. With this sensitivity he shall surely enlarge his understanding of the limitations of orthodontic therapy and shall appreciate the valuable role of tooth altering procedures in achieving treatment success.


Diagnosis and treatment planning of unilateral Class II malocclusions.


Vinyl chloride monomer: comments on its hepatotoxicity and interaction with 1,1-dichloroethylene.


Experimental acute toxicity of vinyl chloride (monochloroethene).


A procedure for preparing 14C-labeled vinyl chloride.20.


Experimental chronic poisoning with vinyl chloride (monochloroethene).


Hematogenous dissemination of ingested polyvinyl chloride particles. Persorption of large, hard, insoluble, solid particles in micrometer size range is observed with regularity. It is a normal biological effect on the food passage through the intestine. Persorbability of particles is determined by the size of the particles and by their consistency and hardness. PVC particles in micrometer size range are very suitable as models to study persorbability in animals and the hematogenous dissemination of PVC particles. After oral administration of PVC particles to animals, many PVC particles can be found in the blood. Through the bloodsteam they are disseminated in all organs, where individual particles can be found for a long time later.


Alterations of liver and spleen among workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Preliminary review of hepatic biopsy and autopsy specimens obtained from workers engaged for prolonged periods in the polymerization of vinyl chloride indicates a fibrotic precursor lesion in the liver. It is the only lesion in some instances but also was found in the uninvolved liver of patients with angiosarcoma and in two instances in liver biopsy specimens obtained before angiosarcoma developed. This precursor stage is characterized by a conspicuous subcapsular fibrosis, a nonpathognomonic progressive portal fibrosis, and a borderline increase of intralobular connective tissue, all associated with focal stimulation of sinusoidal lining cells and hepatocytes. This precursor stage is often accompanied by splenomegaly with enlarged Malpighian follicles and in some instances by portal hypertension requiring portacaval shunt because of variceal hemorrhage. The portal hypertension is explained by increased splenic blood flow in the face of nondistensible fibrotic portal tracts as well as Glisson's capsule. Transition to angiosarcoma is preceded by focal dilatation of sinusoids with even greater activation but dedifferentiation of their lining cells. This lesion is presumably the result of stimulation of various hepatic as well as splenic cells by vinyl chloride or its metabolites. The demonstrated evolution is identical with that following prolonged exposure to inorganic arsenicals. It is postulated also that other instances of inconspicuous hepatic fibrosis associated with splenomegaly and often with portal hypertension, a combination designated as Banti's syndrome or "idiopathic portal hypertension," are the result of a toxic, possibly environmental agent, particularly since the disease is found with greater frequency in some parts of the world. The delineation of the fibrotic precursor stage in the liver may assist in the epidemiologic studies of the vinyl chloride-induced injury.


Further results in polyvinyl chloride production workers.


Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride: current results.


Interim results of exposure of rats, hamsters, and mice to vinyl chloride.


Mortality experience of a cohort of vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers. These data are derived from early follow-up of individuals exposed for 5 or more years to vinyl chloride in a polymerization facility. At least 17 percent of the deaths that occurred were causally related to exposure to vinyl chloride. Longer periods of observation are required to provide information concerning the full spectrum of vinyl chloride-induced malignancies and their incidence among exposed workers. These data speak for the need to prevent exposure to vinyl chloride and for surveillance and early disease detection of those who have experienced vinyl chloride exposures in the past.


Characteristics of cases of angiosarcoma of the liver among vinyl chloride workers in the United States. A total of 13 cases of ASL have been documented to date among VC workers in four different plants in the United States. In this particular industrial population, this number of cases represents at least a 400-fold increase over expected incidence for this extremely rare tumor. The first case occurred in 1961. Average age at diagnosis is 48.2 years. Average length of time between initial VC work and diagnosis has been 20.3 years. A detailed review of 7 cases associated with one plant revealed that clinical features varied from little or no overt illness prior to diagnosis to advanced liver disease with portal hypertension and marked splenomegaly. Portal fibrosis was present in all 7 of these ASL cases as well as in 4 additional cases with non-malignant liver disease among VC workers at the same plant. These findings suggest that exposure to VCM in industrial settings can produce hepatic fibrosis with angiosarcoma as a late manifestation. Conventional liver function tests may not be sensitive indicators of such liver impairment, at least in its early stages.


Two possible cases of angiosarcoma of the liver in a group of Swedish vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers.


Comments for opening of discussion on "neoplastic effects.".


From mouse to man--or how to get from the laboratory to Park Avenue and 59th Street. Where does this all leave us? It leaves us able to develop rather good animal data at dose levels that do not really interest us. That is a first-class highway that takes us where we do not want to go. It leaves us unlikely to be able to develop good data at "realistic" doses. To extrapolate animal results to man exposed at these "realistic" doses today requires assuming a mathematical model of dose-response in the animal and conservative use of this model. Then we have to jump from one species to another in ignorance of the terrain of the landing site, i.e., the many species differences. However, we will have knowledge of some important species similarities and that makes the jump a lot less dangerous. With respect to costs and benefits we are just beginning to understand some of the implications of the arithmetic. We have begun to see that there are few, if any, good ways of totaling the costs or computing the benefits. Cost-benefit may be another blind alley. Tomorrow and the next day we must do the appropriate research on species differences in metabolism and in the mathematics of the modeling and extrapolation--as a minimum. The socially related issues, such as what is an acceptable risk, what are the costs, what are the benefits, must be discussed in the open, freely. This implies recognizing that someone's costs may be someone else's benefits. (Our medical costs are our physician's source of living.) The inputs to the cost-benefit algebra are not well worked out. Our ways of working must include the adversary approach as well as the pleasanter way of cooperation. And today, we must get to precautionary decisions for man's safety and health based on the road maps from animal data--inadequate as they are. We have gotten to the neighborhood of Park Avenue and 59th Street and we can probably one day get to a lot of other places.


On the possible mechanism of carcinogenic action of vinyl chloride.


Morphology of liver damage among polyvinyl chloride production workers. A report of 51 cases.


Pathology of angiosarcoma of the liver among vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers. We described the histologic features of 13 hepatic angiosarcomas which developed in workers engaged in the polymerization of vinyl chloride to polyvinyl chloride. Although the histologic features varied considerably in different portions of the angiosarcoma in the same liver and in the angiosarcomas of the liver from different patients, many features were similar such as sinusoidal, papillary, and cavernous growth patterns coincident with the precursor lesions of proliferation and atypia of sinusoidal lining cells.


Measurements of vinyl chloride from aerosol sprays.


Environmental concerns beyond the workplace.


Experience in industrial exposure control.


Part IV. Control and management. Discussion paper on engineering methods to control employee exposure to vinyl chloride.


Surveillance of workers with history of exposure to vinyl chloride.


Clinical management of workers exposed to vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.


Changes in pulmonary function in workers exposed to vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. To determine whether occupational exposure to vinyl chloride gas and polyvinyl chloride dust is associated with changes in pulmonary function, spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were obtained in 348 workers in a VC polymerization plant. The major finding was diminution in air flow in 200 workers (57.5 percent). This abnormality correlated with age and duration of exposure. A relationship with smoking was noted only in younger workers with exposures of less than 10 years. When age exceeded 40 years or exposure 20 years, prevalence of this impairment was similar in smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that occupational or other environmental factors were operative.


Clinical manifestations in vinyl chloride poisoning.


Persistence of vinyl chloride-induced liver injury after cessation of exposure.


Bone lesions among polyvinyl chloride production workers in Japan.


An epidemiologic study of blood screening tests and illness histories among chemical workers involved in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride.


Liver disease among polyvinyl chloride production workers. A protocol for systematic testing of all employees of a chemical plant is presented. This factory manufactures polyvinyl chloride compounds and resins, ABS compounds and resins, and synthetic rubber. The results were reviewed, which led to the discovery of 2 additional cases of angiosarcoma and 11 cases of portal fibrosis. Two of the 11 cases were found to have developed in employees other than polyvinyl chloride production workers.


Calcium and phosphorus levels in human dental plaque-variations according to site of collection.


The early establishment of Streptococcus mutans in the mouths of infants.


Quantitative studies on acid phosphatase in developing rat bones and teeth during hypervitaminosis D.


Electrochemistry of human enamel: selectivity to potassium in solutions containing calcium or phosphate ions.


Histological changes in experimental periodontal disease in rats mono-infected with a gram-negative organism.


Free amino acids and amines in human dental plaque.


The effect of topically applied fluoride on enamel remineralization in vitro.


Editorial: To promote wider knowledge.

Editorial: To promote wider knowledge.


Letter: Local analgesia of maxillary first molars.


A study of the average duration of occlusal sounds in different age groups.


Letter: Training of ancillaries.

Letter: Training of ancillaries.


An unusual eruption sequestrum. A case report.


Editorial: Professional establishment in Europe.


To bevel or not to bevel?

To bevel or not to bevel?


Letter: 'The difficult denture patient'.


Primary clinical manifestation of bronchial carcinoma as a buccal metastasis.


Editorial: 'What's in a name'.

Editorial: 'What's in a name'.


Unilateral lingual occlusion. A case report.


Treatment of an inverted unerupted central incisor.


Conference for Teachers of Dental Technology.


Editorial: The review body.

Editorial: The review body.


Letter: Intravascular injection of local anaesthetics.


The gingival border to plaque. Morphological studies in 8 to 15-year-old children.


Letter: "A dental service for children suffering from cardiac disease".


Radiation safety in dental radiography.

Radiation safety in dental radiography.


Epidemiology of dental caries in relation to pits and fissures.


The operator/anaesthetist in dentistry. Report of a working party.


Rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. An investigation into the involvement of the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis is described. There is evidence to show that is is affected in two-thirds of all cases of the disease, and this figure agrees broadly with other recent studies. The clinical and radiographic presentation is discussed and its relationship to degenerative disease (osteoarthosis) of the temporomandibular joint is shown. The clinical course of this manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is proposed and a line of treatment is suggested.


A method of localisation and fixation for mid-facial osteotomies. A preliminary report on a method of localisation and fixation for mid-facial osteotomies is described. The method depends on the localisation of the mandible in a predetermined open-mouth position, so allowing surgery to be performed with an oral tube. The method offers advantages in terms of surgical safety and accuracy. It is theoretically applicable to a wider range of osteotomies than the Le Fort II procedure described here.


Lipoid protenosis--the oro-facial manifestations.


The indications for the transplantation of maxillary canines in the light of 100 cases. One hundred cases of autogenous transplantation of maxillary canines are reviewed and the results assessed. They were divided into Group A, 50 cases 3 to 10 years out of retention, and Froup B, 50 consecutive cases 1 to 3 years out of retention. If the criteria for success depended on a normal response to vitality test, 62 per cent of Group A and 24 per cent of Group B were successful. If a prognosis rating was used, 68 per cent of Group A and 72 per cent of Group B had a good prognosis.


Submandibular gland calculus with canalisation--a case report.


Jaundice following oral surgery: Gilberts syndrome. Jaundice developed in two patients following dental operations under general anaesthesia. Gilbert's Syndrome was established as the diagnosis. Caloric deprivation at the time of surgery resulted in the increased plasma concentration of unconjugated bilirubin. The pathogenesis of this not uncommon disorder and the mechanism of fasting hyperbilirubinaemia is discussed.


Central angioma of the mandible; A possible treatment.


Removal of abnormal clone of leukaemic cells by splenectomy. A patient with chronic myelocytic leukaemia positive for the Philadelphia (Ph-1) chromosome underwent splenectomy in the "terminal phase" of his disease. Chromosomal analysis of a marrow aspirate obtained during the operation showed nothing abnormal. Material from the spleen, however, showed the absence of a C chromosome and the presence of a "marker" chromosome in all metaphases examined. The patient did well for almost three years after splenectomy, and serial cytogenetic studies of marrow specimens showed the Ph-1 chromosome to be the only significant abnormality. Six months before death from recurrent blastic transformation aneuploidy was found in a marrow specimen. Subsequently additional abnormalities, including cells with two Ph-1 chromosomes, were detected. The karyotypic abnormalities found in the splenic specimen, however, never recurred.


Editorial: Third party inequity.

Editorial: Third party inequity.


Tetrahydrofolic acid: an inhibitor of the methyltetrahydrofolic acid-mediated methylation of indolethylamines. Tetrahydrofolic acid exerts a product inhibition on the methyltetrahydrofolic acid-mediated methylation of indolethylamines. Kinetic studies showed that this inhibition was competitive with respect to methyltetrahydrofolic acid and non-competitive with respect to N-methylserotonin. Chromatographic separation of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent indolethylamine N-methyltransferase and methyltetrahydrofolic acid-dependent methyltransferase from rabbit lung was obtained. There was no cross reaction of the two enzymes to tetrahydrofolic acid, S-adenosylhomocysteine, N, N-dimethyltryptamine or bufotenin.


Hypofibrinogenaemia as a cause of bleeding in chronic myeloid leukaemia.


Granulocytic sarcoma of the orbit. Report of a case. A 14-year-old youth had a 2 month history of proptosis of the left eye when he developed pain in the left thigh. Physical examination revealed a mass involving the left orbit and a neurologic deficit suggestive of involvement of the left lumbosacral plexus. The mass, a left frontal epidural tumor, was removed surgically. Subsequently, he developed marked anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute granulocytic leukemia. He was treated with various anticancer agents but he did not respond well and he expired two months later. Postmortem examination revealed anaplatic granulocytic cells infiltrating numerous tissues including the conjunctiva, choroid, and leptomeninges. Marked degenerative changes of the left retina and bilateral papilledema were evident.


Letter: Myeloid leukaemia and cot deaths.


Distribution of a K-antigen among oral strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus.


Some points on syringes and a new self aspirating plunger.


A clinico-pathological study on pulp reaction of three types of cold-curing resin.


Studies on microhardness of the human third molar, especially that of the enamel.


Dispersed phase dental amalgam.

Dispersed phase dental amalgam.


A resistometric study of order-hardening in dental gold alloys. The ordering process in gold-copper-silver dental alloys was studied by means of isochoronal and isothermal resistivity measurement. Because the stable existing temperature range of orthorhombic superlattice was unexpectedly extended to lower temperature by the addition of silver to gold-copper binary alloy, the ordering velocity in these alloys are considerably slower than that of binary stoichiometric AuCu alloy. Activation energy, the order of the reaction, and rate constant for growing process were established. The difference in growing mechanisms depending on gold concentration was deduced from the kinetics data.


Findings with swan-type double-bending gastrofiberscope. By using the swan-type double-bending gastrofiberscope, it has become very easy to observe such regions as the cardia, posterior wall of the upper corpus or the pyloric region. The authors can obtain a clear image of the cardia, especially the form of the fold of the region or the esophagogastric junction. The authors recognized that the form changes according to the amount of the inflated air, and the insufficient function of the cardia can be easily diagnosed. The degree and form of the elevation of the posterior wall of the upper corpus of the stomach was observed and classified into three types, flat type, slightly elevated type and highly elevated type. Pathological deformation of this region was studied from the shape of this elevation. By the close observation of the pyloric region, it was clarified that the appearance of the folds may be radiated, transverse at the lesser curvature or entirely lost, being closely related to the presence of the erosions in this region. The healing process of the gastric ulcer was examined endoscopically from the viewpoint of the radiating vessel zone and contraction by the scar. When the capillary vessels are the more prominent finding of a healing ulcer, it tends to form a surface possessing a scar after it is healed and when the contraction is more prominent, it tends to form a linear scar after healing. By the recrudescence of the gastric ulcer, the irregular capillary vessels or deviation of the convergence of the folds are observed, and by the recurrence of the ulcer, coexistence or completion of a scar is observed.


Epidermoid tumor in the lateral ventricle. Significance of echo-encephalography. The authors report on a case of epidermoid tumor in the lateral cerebral ventricle. Epidermoid tumors are relatively uncommon intracranial lesions and were first described by Esmarch. Till now about 300 cases have been reported. In Japan this tumor was first described by Yamamura, and since then many cases have been reported. But the one situated in the lateral ventricle has not been reported yet in this country. The significance of echo-encephalography is discussed because this procedure was very useful in determining the location and the nature of the tumor of this case.


On half-clearance time of carbon monoxide hemoglobin in blood during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (OHP). The elimination rate of COHb in the blood was measured by a tonometer and the COHb  saturation of the human blood under the exposure of 0.3% CO in the air for 30 minutes was estimated to be about 47%. The CO elimination of the tonometered blood by the exposure to 4 kinds of gases, 1 ATA air, 1 ATA O2, 1.9 ATA O2 and 2.8 ATA O2 showed a linear decrease on the semi-logarithmic figure, and the gradient coefficient (k) of the straight lines showed a good reproducibility and significant difference from each other. The COHb elimination after suppluing a 0.3% CO air mixture for 20 minutes to 23 mongrel male dogs weighing 12 to 18 kg were observed by letting them breathe 1 ATA air for 300 minutes, 1 ATA O2 for 120 minutes, 1.9 ATA O2 for 60 minutes and 2.8 ATA O2 for 30 minutes. The COHb decrease of the CO-poisoned dogs showed also a semi-logarithmically linear tendency and the gradient coefficient (k) among these four gas-breathing groups showed a significant difference. The mean half-clearance time (t/2) of each group was: 1 ATA air for 188 minutes, 1 ATA O2 for 32 minutes, 1.9 ATA O2 for 25 minutes and 2.8 ATA O2 for 12 minutes. The higher the O2 partial pressure in the inspired gas increased, the greater became the decrease of the COHb clearance time and the greater became the reducting of the half-clearance time. The CO elimination by the dogs at high PO2 on the contrary, an opposite relation was observed. This fact may be explained by the improvement of the ventilatory and circulatory functions of the alveloi concerned with the CO elimination at a high PO2 but at a low PO2 the alveolar functions are impaired by CO and the O2 supply is insufficient to cover the dysfunction, so the CO elimination is larger in the tonometered blood than in the dog blood. The procedure of OHP for CO poisoning was designed by the CO elimination rate in the dog, assuming it to be the same as that in the human, for the patients of three levels of severity fo CO poisoning: phase I is breathing of 2.8 ATA O2 for 20 minutes, usually for the patients of each level of severity, then Phase II (breathing of 1.9 ATA O2) follows after that for severe poisoning (COHb in the blood, 80%) for 57 minutes, for medium poisoning (COHb, 60%) for 46 minutes and for light poisoning (COHb, 40%) for 32 minutes. After the treatment of Phase II, the blood COHb content decreases to 5%, a safety level for CO poisoning. This process is practical and effective for the OHP treatment of CO poisoning, and besides it is not only safe against O2 poisoning but also is capable of supplying rapidly sufficient amount of oxygen to improve the condition of the anoxic tissues.


Abnormalities of the sciatic nerves of dystrophic mice, with reference to nerve counts and mean area of axons. Ultrastructural changes of the sciatic nerves of c58bl/6j-dydy mice were examined. Nerve counts were calculated and the area of axons was measured in these nerve tissue. Many large bundles of unmyelinated nerves were observed at the proximal portion of the sciatic nerve without cytoplasm or basement membrane of the Schwann cell. These bundles were composed of axons of various sizes and shapes, including some vary large axons. The large unmyelinated axons decreased in number and size as nerves descended to the distal portion. The myelinated nerves showed irregular shapes. Some myelinated nerves were enveloped in very thin myelin sheaths for the mouse age. The destructed myelin was often observed from the radix to the  distal portion of sciatic nerves. They lost their myelin sheaths at the Ranvier node, and descended for long  distances with naked axons. The neighboring myelin segments of naken axons showed unusually bizarre shapes. They seemed to be the abnormal development of the demyelinated axons. Such findings were very similar to those of the embryonal developing peripheral nerves.  It was concluded that the muscular dystrophy of the C57BL/6J-dydy mice might be related to dysmyelination and to the decrease in the number of myelinated nerves.


Physiological reaction of men under excercise to radiant heat. To investigate the effect of the radiant heat on the human body in a hot environment, the subjects exposed their nude back to a radiant heat of 1.3 and 2.6 cal/cm-2. min, using the exsiccating infrared illuminators under a hot ambient condition of a temperature 31 degrees C, with a relative humidity of 55% and a 0.5 m/sec air flow. The 8 subjects were healthy male college students aged 20 to 25. The following results were obtained by estimating the physiological reactions to different degrees of radiant heat at rest for 60 minutes and during exercise for 30 minutes on a bicycle ergometer by 272 kg. m/min (or 600 kp. m/min). 1) The mean skin temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and body weight loss rate increased at rest in parallel with the degree of the radiant heat, and during exercise the mean skin temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, body weight loss rate and respiratory volume increased, but the NA+ LOSS RATE DECREASED. The regression equation was obtained to show the quantitative relationship between the degree of the radiant heat and the physiological body reactions. 2) By computing the Heat Tolerance Index by Inoue et al., it was clarified that the higher the degree of the radiant heat was, the smaller was the index. And as there was a close correlation between the indices both at rest and during exercise, it was suggested that for the evaluation of heat tolerance, the radiant heat by the infrared illuminators is applicable as additional heat loading besides hot water bathing or staying in a hot chamber.


Vacuolization of leukocytes and bone marrow aplasia due to chloramphenicol toxocity. A childhood case followed by acute myeloblastic anemia.


Renal microvasculature in acute renal failure. The ranal microvasculature evidenced by intraarterial injection of silicone rubber performed in 10 cases of acute renal failure from various causes demonstrated definite reduction in filling with patchy deficit in subcapsular cortex, narrowing of preglomerular arterioles, especially at the branching from the interlobular arteries in the same area, relative increase in filling of vas afferens and efferens of juxtamedullary cortex, and of vasa recta in medulla. The same injection figures are observed in acute renal failure in dogs experimentally induced by ligation and clamping of renal arteries, and intraarterial infusion of large quantities of angiotensin II (1000 ng/kg/min). Although the etiological factors of acute renal failure are manifold and the parenchymal damage is varied as well, the vasoconstriction of preglomerular arterioles should be considered as an initial common pathway which continues in subcapsular cortex. The result of present  experiments is consistent with the hypothesis that renin and angiotensin participate in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure.


The ethics of human gene manipulation. Introductory remarks.


Growth and hormone control mechanisms in osteosarcoma. Evidence for a new therapeutic approach. The association between osteosarcoma and growth, including altered carbohydrate metabolism has been investigated in 5 osteosarcoma patients. Serum from an adolescent osteosarcoma patient has been noted to consistently enhance 3-H-thymidine uptake in cultured chondrocytes and tumor cells. Females survive osteosarcoma more frequently than males. In vitro serum-enhanced proliferation of osteosarcoma cells is suppressed by estradiol.


The human uses of molecular genetics.

The human uses of molecular genetics.


Dispensing of drugs in a dental office.

Dispensing of drugs in a dental office.


Group task functions.

Group task functions.


Education opens new worlds.

Education opens new worlds.


Computer billing: are you ready or not?

Computer billing: are you ready or not?


What have you got to lose?

What have you got to lose?


Unmasking the sneaky killer.

Unmasking the sneaky killer.


Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of mechanical ventilation.


G-r-r-reat new way to guard your office.


The effectiveness of a dental hygiene education program on oral hygiene.


Hiring an associate? Put it in writing.

Hiring an associate? Put it in writing.


Makings of malpractice: the case of the battered nose.


International dental nurse programs.

International dental nurse programs.


FDA puts spotlight on devices.

FDA puts spotlight on devices.


What market research tells about dentistry.


ADA, FDA guard quality, safety.

ADA, FDA guard quality, safety.


Control of hypersensitive reactions.

Control of hypersensitive reactions.


Bleaching is the answer to most staining.


Panel. 'Prepackaged' education: learning at your own speed.


Porcelain is a basic restorative material.


Make room for everbody in dentistry.

Make room for everbody in dentistry.


Selecting the right accounts-receivable system for you.


Schools adapt paced instruction to student needs.


Arrange teeth as nature would.

Arrange teeth as nature would.


Is a professional corporation right for you?


Put a little hypnotism into your practice and benefit.


The ADA...WHO ARE THOSE 'PRECIOUS FEW?'.


Why would the IRS pick on your?

Why would the IRS pick on your?


Rebuilding from the ruins.

Rebuilding from the ruins.


Has professional menopause stifled your practice?


'This coupon worth one tooth'.

'This coupon worth one tooth'.


Dear Dr. Wilson;.

Dear Dr. Wilson;.


Retire? Dad didn't know the meaning of the word.


More cross-training means fewer problems.


Is there a V.I.P. you've foregotton about?


There's a new monster in my office.

There's a new monster in my office.


Dr. West's do-it-yourself recall system.


The prepaid mess in Michigan.

The prepaid mess in Michigan.


Rambunctious appointment book? Whip it into shape.


Complaint from a patient.

Complaint from a patient.


Dr. Danish and his 'ideal' patient--where did they go wrong. 2.


Presenting your case--when the patient says "no". 2.


Current concepts in cavity design for amalgam restorations.


Burnishing (surfacing) the amalgam restoration.


Amalgam matrices misused and abused.

Amalgam matrices misused and abused.


Peripheral giant cell granuloma. Clinical findings and history.


In vitro "education" on autologous human sarcoma generates non-specific killer cells. The cytotoxic effects mediated by lymphocytes from cancer patients after in vitro "education" on autologous tumor cells have been investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from three sarcoma patients were cultivated on autologous tumor-cell monolayers and tested thereafter in a micro-cytotoxicity assay against tumor and fibroblast cells. This procedure led to the progeny of non-specific killer cells. As the phenomenon did not occur when the same lymphocytes were co-cultivated with autologous fibroblasts, the generation of non-specific effector cells may have been caused by specific antigenic triggering. The presence of autologous serum during "education" was found to inhibit the manifestation and/or the generation of killer cells. The same serum was without effect when added during the cytotoxicity assay only.


A staple reinforced splint for anterior teeth.


Fluoride deficient public water supplies in Iowa. Supplies in Iowa, (as of March 1, 1975).


A report on health professions' loans.

A report on health professions' loans.


Letter: Criticism of RCDS a serious indiscretion.


Editorial: Post office problems.

Editorial: Post office problems.


A clinicopathological review.  Diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia: 2. Aetiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment.


When should your patient be referred for oral surgery?


Haloperidol.

Haloperidol.


The elusive factor in diagnosis.

The elusive factor in diagnosis.


ADA president's report.

ADA president's report.


Projections of the dorsal column nuclei and the spinal cord on the inferior olive in the cat. This study demonstrated partially overlapping fiber termination areas in the inferior olive originating from the dorsal column nuclei and the spinal cord. Based on the distribution of the dorsal accessory olive can be divided into a rostral and a caudal part. In the caudal part terminations are found of fibers originating in the contralateral gracile nucleus and in the lumbar and cervical spinal cord. Terminations in the rostro-medial part of the dorsal accessory olive arise from the contralateral internal cuneate nucleus and from the opposite intermediate grey at C.1. Fibers from more caudal regions of the internal cuneate nucleus terminate in the dorsal accessory olive caudal to those originating from more rostral regions of this nucleus. The gracile nucleus and the lumbar spinal cord project to the rostro-lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive. The terminations in the medial accessory olive from the lumbar spino-olivary fibers are found in a laterally located zone in the caudal half of the medial accessory olive, while terminations of the contralateral internal cuneate nucleus are found at a more rostral level in the medial part of the medial accessory olive. Connections between the inferior olive and the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the lateral cervical nucleus and the cervical dorsal horn could not be demonstrated.


The Harbor General Hospital dental training program in anesthesiology.


Type B hepatitis bad news for the dentist.


Do you understand your assistant?

Do you understand your assistant?


Report of a preliminary study by the Committee for International Continuing Education in Dentistry.


Report of meeting of representative of AAO, FOA, and ADA.


How to control worker exposure to vinyl chloride.


Generalized glycogen storage disease in sheep.


Hypertension and dentistry.

Hypertension and dentistry.


The surface hardness of three bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate fissure sealants.


Mucogingival considerations.

Mucogingival considerations.


An investigation into postgraduate dental education in the Newcastle region.


Internal resorption causing a dental abscess.


The teaching and practice of some clinical aspects of endodontics in Great Britain.


Dentistry and the mentally ill.

Dentistry and the mentally ill.


Editorial: Strong ADA leadership key to unity.


PEP, PR and prepayment.

PEP, PR and prepayment.


Editorial: The IADR goes to Europe.

Editorial: The IADR goes to Europe.


Letter: Support ADA Relief Fund.

Letter: Support ADA Relief Fund.


Letter: Cost of supplies.

Letter: Cost of supplies.


Letter: Identifying criteria.

Letter: Identifying criteria.


Letter: Antibiotic reaction.

Letter: Antibiotic reaction.


Sucrose and glucose concentrations of frequently ingested foods.


Letter: Oppose dues increase.

Letter: Oppose dues increase.


Letter: The insurance myths.

Letter: The insurance myths.


Letter: Genetic counseling.

Letter: Genetic counseling.


Letter: Sen. Javits and S-3585.

Letter: Sen. Javits and S-3585.


Letter: On retirement community.

Letter: On retirement community.


Determining the need for periodontal surgery. 1. The initial appointment.


Prepayment procedures and policies for the general dentist.


Being an associate.

Being an associate.


1975 ICD journalism.

1975 ICD journalism.


Programs for dental editors. Conferences, seminars, critiques, and self-instruction publications.


Coping with the UAW contract in Michigan.


An evaluation of an electroanesthetic device. An electroanesthetic device exported from the Soviet Union was tested for its usefulness in controlling pain during tooth cutting procedures. Indexes to measure patient anxiety levels and predicted pain perception were designed, and their validity was tested. For the study, 170 patients were separated into subgroups who knew that an electroanesthetic device was being tested and those who did not. Results showed a greater pain reduction for those procedures that usually elict high pain levels and little benefit of anesthesia for procedures with low pain levels. The responses of the subgroup of persons who know the purpose of the device were higher than average for all pain levels.


The EDDA in a general dental practice: problems and progress.


Chronic MPD, group therapy and psychodynamics. Three groups of patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome received 12 eclectic group psychotherapy sessions. The principal reason for selecting this mode of treatment was to observe the group dynamics for the operation of intra and interpersonal variables that might support the psychophysiologic hypothesis for myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome and validate the existence of personality characteristics that are associated with patients who have myofascial pain-dysfunction.


Clinical situations in which amputation is preferred to pulp capping because of biologic considerations. Calcium hydroxide, in its various forms, has become the preferred agent of most practitioners who perform pulp capping. The application of calcium hydroxide to the pulp stimulates the growth of new dentin and protects the pulp from subsequent irritation. However, the new dentin generated by the pulp may, in turn, infringe on the pulp. If the thickness of the pulp tissue is large, this infringement will not be significant. If the volume of pulp tissue is shallow, the same amount of infringement may cause sufficient impairment of circulation to the cornal area of the pulp, leading to an area of the necrosis may then contaminate the entire pulp, and root canal therapy will become necessary. Therefore, pulpal amputation is the preferred treatment in such situations.


A taste of endodontics.

A taste of endodontics.


Venereal disease and the dentist.

Venereal disease and the dentist.


Dentist and psychologist: ractical considerations for a team approach to the intensely anxious dental patient.


Determining the need for periodontal surgery: II. Evaluation of disease control and planning the surgical phase.


Effects of force direction on supporting bone during tooth movement. Photoelastic stress analysis by means of simulated load application on model structures was used to visualize the forces that are induced within the supporting bone structures during various tooth movements. A comprehensive picture of the stress patterns produced by these forces, in addition to the degree of stress distribution, was obtained. The results of this study are relevant to the basic tooth movement procedutes that are used by the clinician in general practice.


Letter: Urges action by dentist on high blood pressure.


Letter: More on reciprocity.

Letter: More on reciprocity.


Editorial: Dental education: is the pendulum swinging back?


Kinesiometric instrumentation: a new technology. A method of monitoring mandibular movements in three dimensions is described whereby a premanent magnet is secured to the mandible, and magnetometers are located relative to the permanent magnet so as to sense changes in the magnetic field which result from mandibular movement. The outputs of the magnetometers are processed electronically to obtain three discrete analog voltages, each directly proportional to a specific distance--vertical, anteroposterior, or lateral--from the magnet to the particular magnetometer. The verticle distance output is differentiated electronically to provide a measurement of acceleration. The Mandibular Kinesiograph provides new capabilities for diagnosis and research in dentistry.


Maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


Letter: "Grass-rotts and folksy".

Letter: "Grass-rotts and folksy".


Letter: AES versus AAE.

Letter: AES versus AAE.


Letter: Dues and reciprocity.

Letter: Dues and reciprocity.


Letter: "Confusing" article.

Letter: "Confusing" article.


Letter: Some telling points.

Letter: Some telling points.


Letter: Disagreement and agreement.

Letter: Disagreement and agreement.


Letter: American generosity.

Letter: American generosity.


Independent thoughts on dental education.


Dental relationships in tongue-thrusting children as affected by circumoral myofunctional exercise. Thirty-two children with tongue-thrusting habits and nine nonthrusters participated in this study. Twenty of the tongue-thrusting children exercised their lips twice daily by pulling on a button placed in the labial bestibule. Spring scales recorded the displacing tension on the lips; exercise continued from three to six months. Pre- and postexercise headplate tracings and dental study casts were used for measurement of alterations in tooth position. The tongue-thrusting children exhibited weaker lips initially than did the non-tongue-thrusters. The lip muaculature was strengthened by daily exercise and the improvement remained for 18 months after cessation of the exercies. No signigicant change in incisor protrusion or the open bite was observed throughout the two-year study period. We conclude that increasing the lip muscle strength in tongue-thrusters may have little effect on the dentition of children exhibiting tongue-thrusting.


A modified technique for the restoration of primary incisors with polycarbonate crowms.


Orthosurgical teamwork.

Orthosurgical teamwork. A series of orthognathic cases illustrates the potential service that is available to young adult and adult patients. These patients have problems that are not within the therapeutic possibilities of orthodontics alone. From a variety of viewpoints--length of time, appliance wear, iatrogenic damage, and patient concern--such procedures may well be preferred and ultimately more successful and stable than alternate conventional orthodontic therapy. Surgical procedures, in combination with orthodontics and prosthetics, have now achieved a level of sophistication that permits correction of almost any type of facial deformity quickly, with minimum pain, and relatively few unfavorable sequelae.12.13.15.


Endoscopic findings of maxillary sinus after middle face fractures. Of 93 patients with fractures of the mid-face who appeared for postoperative check-up, 25 were selected by chance for sinuscopy of the maxillary sinus. Chronic inflammatory mucosal changes occurred in 35 per cent; other pathological sequelae included solitary polyps, mucocele, scarry synechia, and prolapse of orbital fat and osteoma. In spite of these findings, all patients were free of complaints. The primary surgical revision was therefore declined in favour of a waiting attitude. For the diagnostic clarification of late complications, sinuscopy with Hopkin's optics offers a simple and efficient procedure, which should be routinely utilised.


C3 receptors on lymphoid cells: isolation of active membrane fragments and solubilization of receptor complexes. Complement receptor activity for cell bound C3b and C3d was detected on plasma membrane fragments prepared by nitrogen cavitation from cultured human lymphoid cells. The activity of the membrane fragments reflected the activity of the whole cells in that cells which did not form rosettes (P3J and RPMI 4098) resulted in inactive membranes and cells with high rosette formation (NC37 and Raji) yielded highly active membrane fragments. Two test systems were devised to detect these receptor activities, namely a rosette inhibition and a hemagglutination assay. Solubilization of C3 receptors was accomplished by extraction of active plasma membrane fragments with 2 MKBr. Dissociation and reassociation experiments suggest C3b and C3d receptors to be highly complex molecular structures. It appears that these complement receptors on plasma membranes rely on both protein and lipid moieties for the expression of their activity.


Construction of the upper lip, columella and orbicularis muscle in bilateral clefts. A concept for repair of double clefts is described. In the primary operations at the age of six months on the first side, and six weeks later on the other, it is important to supply the prolabial mucosa by muscular vermilion flaps from the lateral sides, crossing the midline. Thus a muscular ring in the vermilion is obtained. At the age of 3-4 years both remaining muscular halves of the lip are united. This is achieved togeather with lengthening of the columella, using broadened prolabium to a natural looking philtrum. Lips repaired this way are satisfying with regard to both appearance and function.


Long-term results of functional treatment of condylar fractures with the long bridle according to A. Rehrmann. Long-term results in 23 cases with condylar fractures are presented. The method of treatment consisted in forward extension of the mandible by means of a long rubber bridle stretched between a steel hook at the chin and a strong sagittal wave-like, bent wire incorporated in a head cap. Strength and direction of the bridle can be modified. It provieds perfect repositioning of the mandible and a normal occlusion within some hours. The idea of this functional method is to eliminate the displacing muscular pull and dorsally-directed deviation of the mandible, and to restore muscular balance even with full range of mouth-opening. The distraction of the mandible from the glenoid fossa creates space and enables the dislocated condyles to upright themselves spontaneously. In cases of intracapsular or subcondylar fracture the active movements of the mandible, under the conditions of equilibrium, lead to a remodelling of the damaged condylar heads to a new form, induced by function. Ankylosis is avoided with certainty. Mandibular splinting or osteosynthesis are needed only in concomitant fractures of the rest of the mandible. The temporo-mandibular joint area and the rest of the mandible are considered to be independant entities in the treatment of condylar fractures. The method described is simple. Full mandibular mobility was obtained in all cases and spontaneous uprighting of dislocated condyles observed. There was no need for subsequent opening exercises.


Effect of radiation injury on the growing face. The literature on the effect of ionizing radiations on developing and rapidly growing tissue has been reviewed, and the effect especially on children who received radiation therapy in the Clinic for Maxillo-Facial and Plastic Surgery of the University of Dusseldorf for various tumours of the head and neck presented. Our findings indicate that we do not yet know the minimal irradiation dosage that may cause growth retardation in infants and children. It has therefore been suggested that surgery should be more frequently considered in the treatment of childhood tumours, since this caused less side effect, and reconstructive surgery is today able to do much for patients who have had parts of their jaws resected.