Associations between the total fluoride content of dental plaque and individual caries experience in Australian children. Individual caries experience (DMFT) and the total fluoride content of dental plaque were determined for 72 schoolchildren, aged 9.7-13.0 years, lifelong residents in one of three New South Wales towns, where the fluoride levels of the reticulated water supplies were: Katoomba, less than 0.1 parts/10(6); Sydney, 1.0 parts/10(6) for 4 years; and Yass, 1.0 parts/10(6) for 16 years, prior to sampling. The mean fluoride content of plaque in Sydney (22.6, s.d. = +/- 16.8 parts/10(6)) and Yass (25.6, s.d. = +/- 16.4 parts/10(6)) differed significantly (t = 2.27, P less than 0.05 and t = 3.30, P less than 0.02, respectively) from that in Katoomba (13.5, s.d. = +/- 8.3 parts/10(6)). Significant inverse associations were demonstrated between total plaque fluoride and individual caries experience (DMFT) in Sydney (r = -0.45, P less than 0.025) and overall (r = -0.28, P less than 0.010). Inverse trends were established between plaque quantity (dry weight of plaque collected) and fluoride levels. No associations could be demonstrated between fluoride treatment (dentifrice, tablets or topical application) and plaque fluoride, DMFT or plaque quantity.


Reproducibility of response to a questionnaire on symptoms of masticatory dysfunction. The aim of the present investigation was to check the reproducibility of answers to multiple-choice questions used in a questionnaire. The questionnaire was concerned with symptoms in patients with dysfunction of the masticatory system. Five main types of questions were tested by repetition within 1 week by 98 patients. Comparisons were also made between questionnaire data and clinical findings. The interval between the questionnaire and the clinical examination was 1 week. The best reproducibility was found for answers to a question about previous joint radiography, which was the simplest question with the fewest alternatives. The second best was found for a question about the duration of the symptoms referable to the masticatory system. The poorest reproducibility was noted for a question about masticatory muscle pain. The comparison between the questionnaire data and clinical findings showed the best agreement for joint sounds. The reported pain symptoms and palpatory tenderness seem to be different entities.


The class of 1978.

The class of 1978.


School of dentistry gets a face-lift.

School of dentistry gets a face-lift.


Treatment of adult acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia using intermittent combination chemotherapy with daunomycin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone-DCMP two step therapy. A regime of treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in adult, employing DMCP protocol, especially two step method consisting of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone is described. Out of 32 adult patients with ANLL treated with DCMP regime 26 (81.3%) achieved complete remission. The median durations of complete remission and survival were 53 weeks and 54 weeks, respectively. The longest duration of complete remission was more than 220 weeks, and 3 cases are still maintaining initial complete remission more than 3 years.


Unsuspected pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicating acute myelogenous leukemia. A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in the terminal phase of the leukemia. The diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was unsuspected during life and was established only at autopsy. Other reported cases of the same association are reviewed. This report serves to stress the importance of considering the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in malignant hematologic diseases and the need for hematologic evaluations in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.


A family study of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.


Expanded duties.

Expanded duties.


The bitter pill.

The bitter pill.


The con game.

The con game.


Answer the call.

Answer the call.


Ethics--who need it.

Ethics--who need it.


L.A. fluoride and politics.

L.A. fluoride and politics.


Zip codes and the 90th percentile.

Zip codes and the 90th percentile.


Hazards of viral hepatitis.

Hazards of viral hepatitis.


Let the people know.

Let the people know.


The right formula.

The right formula.


Coping with third-party dental programs - Part 1.


Tooth migration during the transitional dentition. Posteruptive tooth migration between 6 and 14 years involves both total arch displacement and intra-alveolar tooth movement. Central incisors, canines, and permanent first molars all drift forward within the alveolar bone. The molars, and to a lesser extent the incisors, drift occlusally. With respect to lingual arch contour, lateral movement of molars and canines is negligible.


An annotated atlas of facial analysis.

An annotated atlas of facial analysis.


The diagnostic system: occlusal analysis.


The biophysical system.

The biophysical system.


The motor system: a clinical appraisal.

The motor system: a clinical appraisal. A tongue thrust myofunctional therapy program has been presented which is uniquely successful because of proper timing, patient selection, and conceptual simplicity. A very small percentage of orthodontic patients should undergo myofunctional therapy. Tongue thrusters in the mixed dentition stage are not proper candidates for myofunctional therapy. The incident of tongue thrust in population samples decreases progressively until about the age of 12. Many openbite malocclusions are treatable without myofunctional therapy. Because a large number of tongue thrusters are only adapting to malocclusions, we do not become concerned until the tongue is interfering with mechanics. The percentage is usually quite small. Patients completing orthodontic treatment are easily motivated because they want their bands off. We are changing funcion at a time when mechanical therapy is changing form. There is a synergism between the effects of mechanical and myofunctional treatment. At this stage if the tongue does interfere with mechanics, myofunctional training is essential. Omission of such training will, in all likelihood, lead to partial or complete failure of the treatment program. When myofunctional therapy is necessary, the program should be simple and direct. The importance of bolus control in a peripheral seal during the voluntary movements in preparation for swallowing cannot be overemphasized. The myofunctional program presented teaches the patient the necessary bolus control in peripheral seal swallowing in a very direct manner. Myofunctional training really does not teach correct swallowing but instead teaches the voluntary movements of preswallowing. When the patient learns correct preswallowing, the involuntary movements of deglutition adapt to the new correct preswallowing movements and posture. Myofunctional therapy is essential for the successful treatment of a small percentage of orthodontic patients. If only those patients who really need it are treated, and if this treatment is kept simple and direct, then myofunctional therapy need not place a disproportionate drain on resources.


The treatment planning system.

The treatment planning system.


The systematic collation of orthodontic data.


The treatment planning system at work. A case in point.


The mechanical system.

The mechanical system.


The maintenance system and occlusal dynamics. We have discussed the maintenance system and its relationship to occlusal dynamics and occlusion function. The premise has been set forth that to avoid untoward sequelae post-orthodontically in the areas of relapse of tooth positions, occlusal wear, periodontal disease, and temporomandibular pain-dysfunction, it is best to have an occlusion free from centric and excursive interferences. The practical approach to the desired goal for the orthodontist lies in an understanding and familiarity of occlusal dynamics that allows him to look at detailing of tooth positions with insight into their ramifications from a functional standpoint. The insight can only be gained by hard work and self-discipline in the study of occlusion. A knowledge of these concepts will alert the orthodontist ot the true severity of the cases he is treating, allow him to position teeth so as not to create problems and , lastly, to be able to competently handle those cases that do develop posttreatment problems.


What could be done to interrupt periodontal disease process in the next patient?


Prosthodontic management of a congenitally missing external ear--a report.


The advocacy system.

The advocacy system.


The effect of dehydration on odontometric data.


Abundancy and diversity of mRNA sequences in human leukocytes. The messenger RNA populations in two haematopoietic tissues were compared with respect to number of different sequences present and their relative abundancies. This was accomplished by hybridising complementary DNA to the cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA from which it was transcribed and to heterologous polyadenylated RNA. The hybridisation kinetics were essentially the same in the homologous hybridisation. However, in heterologous hybridisation some differences were observed in the high abundancy messengers.


Biophysics of the tooth.

Biophysics of the tooth.


Biomechanics of oral mucosa.

Biomechanics of oral mucosa.


The blood circulation of the tongue.

The blood circulation of the tongue. This article describes the gross anatomy of the vessels which supply the mammalian tongue. It shows that there is a rich vascular supply. Available data indicate that the lingual papillae are supplied with a true capillary circulation, which is more abundant in the papillae containing taste buds. The vessels of the tongue are innervated by adrenergic sympathetic vasconstrictor fibers and it is also very likely that a cholinergic parasympathetic vasodilator influence exists.


The functioning dentition.

The functioning dentition.


Physiology of salivary secretion.

Physiology of salivary secretion. The aim of the present work was to explain the mechanism of the acinar secretion of the salivary gland during stimulation. The following items were discussed and concluded. (1) The acinus is the majority of cells being the powerful transport system of the fluid from interstitial side to lumen. (2) Osmotic flow was clarified being a cause of water transport, in which the osmolality gradient across the acinus epithelium was initiated by a preceded salt transport. (3) The grades of osmotic gradient, of hydraulic conductivity, and of semipermeable property of gland epithelia were described. (4) On salt transport during stimulation, Na+ inflow across the basal plasma membrane and Na+ extrusion across the luminal membrane of the acinus cell were discussed with respect to the electrochemical gradient and ionic flow. From the electrophysiological work and the ionic distribution of the salivary gland, it is concluded that massive Na+ inflow and K+ outflow across the basal plasma membrane was a passive process due to an increase of permeability to those ion during stimulation, but the process of Na+ extrusion across the plasma membranes of the luminal side of the cell as well as of the secretory granules was active. (5) The electrochemical gradient for Na+ and K+ at the basal plasma membrane which had an important role for passive Na+ and K+ transport may be maintained by ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+ pump as most other cells. (6) A model for salt transport across the acinar cell was proposed. Intracellular Na+ due to passive Na+ inflow may activate cooperatively the Na(Cl) transport system at luminal plasma membrane and membrane of secretory granules in high levels of (Na+)in. Though it also activated the Na+ -K+ transport at the basal plasma membrane in any level of (Na+)in. (7) Energetics for the ion transport of gland was discussed with a transport-work rate equation as well as oxygen consumption in secretory state. It is assumed that the energy in active transport at the luminal plasma membrane requires more than the dissipated energy in passive process at the basal plasma membrane. The energy for active transport across the luminal plasma membrane may be corresponded to a main part of oxygen consumption for ion transport across the overall epithelium. (8) The phenomena of osmotic flow coupling with salt flow and of passive ionic flow coupling with electrochemical gradient which is maintained by Na+ -K+ pump may be an expression of production and utilization of negative entropy which is a characteristic of biological membrane.


Dentinal and periodontal sensory mechanisms.


Stimulus-evoked pain in teeth.

Stimulus-evoked pain in teeth. When pain occurs in teeth as a result of external stimulation it is more likely to be due to physical factors affecting the enamel and dentine than to pulp disease. The mechanisms are described, clinical conditions are mentioned and a speculative attempt is made to correlate them by introducing the idea of streaming potentials in the dentine and pulp. The pain perception threshold is considered in relation to different teeth, age, sex, lateral dominance, personality, and the area of electrode contact. The latter has proved interesting, for manipulation of it has led to possibly important findings on the nature of convergence in the trigeminal system, two-point discrimination, referred pain and somatopic representation of dental pulps in the medulla oblongata.


Sensorimotor examination of the mouth and pharynx.


Organization and administration of the United States Air Force Dental Service. The United States Air Force was established as an independent department in 1947 and in 1949 became responsible for its own medical support. In 1951 the dental division was renamed the USAF Dental Service and 432 dental officers were transferred to it from the Army. The dental service now provides a world-wide oral health service from 286 fixed dental centers having a total of over 2200 treatment rooms. The backbone of the service is the general dental practitioner and great stress is laid on the preventive aspects of the service. Eight specialty areas are recognized and in-service training, supplemented by specialist training in civilian institutions provide the trained professional resources required. The facilities for the provision of dental services comprise clinics with multiple treatment rooms for each dentist and adequate space for oral hygienists and support and administrative services. Equipment follows the modern trend towards 4-handed seated practice by the dental team.


Evidence that chromosome band 22q12 is concerned with cell proliferation in chronic myeloid leukaemia. A man and two of his three children carried an abnormally short chromosome 22 resembling the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). Giemsa banding showed that the abnormal chromosome resulted from a translocation t(11;22) (q25;q13). The breakpoint on chromosome 22 was at the q12/q13 band interface compared with the breakpoint of Ph1 at the q11/q12 band interface. The absence of leukaemia or haematological disorder in members of this family suggests that the critical genetic site on chromosome 22 concerned with abnormal myeloid cell proliferation in human leukaemia is contained in the 22q12 band.


Normal and locally induced oral pigmentations. The classical description of normal gingivae as 'coral pink' in colour is both inadequate and misleading. The intra-oral soft tissues frequently exhibit pigmentation under normal conditions, the most commonly occurring pigmentations being of racial origin. A normal gamut of pigmentation of the gingivae may be said to range from pale pink to deep bluish purple and colour variations may be uniform, unilateral or bilateral, diffuse, mottled or macular. The distribution and amounts of melanin in the oral tissues can be affected by a number of abnormal and pathologic conditions, both local and general. A variety of possible causes of abnormal pigmentation--physical, chemical and biological--are described.


Effect of new technologies in the training and utilization of dental auxiliaries in the US Army. The combat strength, readiness, and effectiveness of the US Army is dependent, in part, upon the health of the American soldier. The conservation of his oral health is the mission of the Army Dental Corps. Confronted with steadfast mission requirements, increasing demands for dental services, and a reduction of professional staff, the Corps has responded to challenge with the implementation of an alternative to the limitations of established and traditional concepts of practice. In 1972, the Army Dental Corps introduced a new system of care delivery, based upon the expanded utilization of its auxiliary personnel and the team mode of practice. In a six year period, approximately 900 expanded duty auxiliaries, known in the Army as Dental Therapy Assistants, or DTA's were to be trained to extend professional capability to the performance of a variety of reversible dental procedures. They were to operate as members of care delivery teams, and to perform their expanded functions only upon the direction and under the supervision of the responsible team dental officer. To date, more than 500 DTA's comprize this new para-professional force, with more than 300 trained and operationally employed. Interim assessments of this endeavor have confirmed the antecedent research, which identified the impressive potential of Team Dentistry. DTA's have been trained to perform previously professional dental functions to a professional standard of quality; their proper team utilization returns a marked increase in professional capability, enabling the delivery of a greater number of dental services to more of the patient community; and their expanded role in care delivery has been well received by both the patient and the professional. Team Dentistry and the expanded duty auxiliary have added a new dimension to dental care delivery, as well as a promising route to mission accomplishment by the Army Dental Corps.


Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How the oral and social measures were compared. This paper explains the statistical methods used to reach the conclusions regarding the relationship between selected social variables and oral health status reported in subsequent papers referring to specific countries. The procedure called 'stepwise regression' was employed in relation to each of the three clinical categories of data. The single social variable which explains the greatest variation in the oral data is identified as the most important predictor. Its influence is then removed by mathematical adjustment and the second and subsequent social variables are similarly identified until no further ones remain which are significant in explaining remaining variability in the oral data. The effect of utilization was always removed first regardless of its predictive power. The findings for each country were used to construct 'tree' diagrams on which the best and worst pathways are indicated to give a profile of those subjects having the fewest and the most decayed teeth.


Some thoughts on dental malpractice.

Some thoughts on dental malpractice. Malpractice litigation is not new nor is it limited to the professions of medicine and dentistry. The number of dental malpractice claims is increasing in many countries though the percentage of cases in which the patient succeeds remains constant at about ten to twelve per cent. In successful cases however the monetary compensation awarded has increased substantially in the past few years. The increasing use of multi-chair dental offices and the employment of more auxiliary workers in dental practice may have contributed to the increase in litigation as has the widespread dissemination of knowledge of patients' rights by newspapers and television. It is unfair to blame the legal profession for this increase. There is evidence that the 'contingent fee' arrangement between plantiff and lawyer contributes to the number of cases brought. It has been suggested that the existence of malpractice insurance may make the dentist less careful to prevent untoward effects of dental treatment. In many states the law will not permit punitive damages to be paid by the insurance agency nor are fines imposed for criminal activities covered. It is important that the dentist should be fully informed about the details of the cover which his insurance does in fact provide.


Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How social surveys were conducted. It is assumed that utilization of dental care services and hence the state of oral health is dependent on social and psychological characteristics of both consumers and providers. The sociological variables studied included the basic facts of age, sex, residence and socioeconomic status. Attitudes to general health care, past oral health care and self assessment of oral health status were also investigated. Accessibility of oral health care facilities in terms of cost, loss of time and distance travelled was assessed, as was the consumers estimate of the dentist's sensitivity and competence, his attitude to preventive care, aesthetic values and knowledge of oral health care measures. Sociologists from the participating countries cooperated in the formulation of questionnaires which could be applied with comparable results despite differences in language and culture. Adults were interviewed in their own homes while younger groups completed the questionnaire in school under the supervision of the researchers. In all cases the sociological survey preceded the clinical examination to reduce the introduction of bias. The data were collected in Geneva and analysed to determine the extent to which oral health status could be related to perception of need, personal oral health practices, availability, accessibility, acceptability and utilization of services. Further analysis may help to determine whether observed differences between populations relate more to the characteristics of the systems of dental care or to features inherent in the population of the country.


Oral health care in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Oral health care in Australia.

Oral health care in Australia. The study data on oral health status for this age group was consistent with previous recent studies. The sociological data added considerably to the knowledge of the charactistics of this group in the area sampled in New South Wales, Australia. The system of delivery of oral health services mainly through private practice appears to be providing comprehensive treatment to a segment of the student population fairly well defined by sociological variables reported in the analysis. However, only limited services appear to be reaching sizeable remainder.


Oral health care for Canterbury, New Zealand 13-14 year old students. The study has demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries and a uniformly high level of treatment across all major population groups of Canterbury 13-14 year olds. The treatment programme has the problem of dental caries under control but more attention should be directed to lowering caries prevalence and the need for treatment by increased use of preventive measures. While increasing the population coverage in respect of fluoridated water would give the greatest reduction in caries prevalence, alternatives should be considered, especially in areas not served by piped water supplies. As dental personnel appear to be important sources of health education information, advantage should be taken of this opportunity to emphasize the importance of preventive care. The early signs of periodontal disease are of concern and they, too, should be susceptible to a more concerted preventive programme. Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of denture wearers amongst New Zealand adults. This, and these early results from the International Collaborative Study have focussed attention on the need for information on factors influencing the demand for treatment once adolescents have reached the maximum age covered by the Government programmes. Further investigation is needed to provide these data.


Oral health care in Norway.

Oral health care in Norway.


Correction of respiratory mechanisms: an integral part of myofunctional therapy.


Oral health care in Japan.

Oral health care in Japan.


Are tongue and lip pressures of sufficient magnitude and duration to move teeth?


You can fight city hall.

You can fight city hall.


Functional influences on structure and structural influences on function.


Combined Crozat-bonded labial light wire: a technique.


Diagnostrix.

Diagnostrix.


Features of oral health care across cultures. This paper sets out to draw together the findings from the five individual studies and to draw tentative conclusions from them. It is pointed out that the comparisons made are between system factors and not between whole systems of oral health care. An attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of individual system features in the hope of being able to suggest ways in which those shown to be most beneficial might be incorporated into complete systems. In relation to caries experience, measured as DMF teeth, there is a wide variation, not only by each of the separate components to that total. In those studies where extensive school dental services exist, the F component accounts for almost all the score while in the other study groups it forms only about half the total, the proportion tending to be greater in the non-metropolitan than in metropolitan populations. In the same way treatment/need ratios and amounts of retreatment required show the benefits of the existence of the school dental service. The treatment/need ratio is then examined in relation to selected variables such as method of payment, utilization of auxiliaries, the existence of specified target groups etc. When the method of stepwise regression analysis is applied to the pooled samples utilization of services remains the most important predictor of treatment/need ratio. Others in order of importance are whether dental personnel decide on frequency of visits, whether the last visit was made for symptomatic reasons alone and whether lack of severity of symptoms had been a reason for avoiding oral health care. In relation to periodontal conditions no clear picture has emerged and this may demonstrate how systems of all types have failed to deal with this problem. Although much remains to be elaborated three main findings have already emerged from this study: (i) The need for reinforcement of preventive behaviour and services. (ii) The effectiveness of regulated contact between consumer and provider in meeting treatment needs. (iii) The need to concentrate on quality as well as volume of care in providing adequately for the needs of child and adolescent populations.


The Crozat removable appliance.

The Crozat removable appliance.


Parent evaluation by male high school students in Jerusalem.


Attitudes of the Israeli adolescent to the mentally ill and their treatment.


Some problems in psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy with young male adolescents.


Kibbutz adolescents today--changes and trends.


Juvenile delinquency in Israel (major trends in statistical data).


The current state of residential care of adolescents in Israel.


Growth opportunities in the hospital. Intensive inpatient treatment of adolescents.


Selected remarks on morality and will in adolescent development.


Osteosarcoma: A review of 345 cases.

Osteosarcoma: A review of 345 cases. 345 cases of osteosarcoma are reviewed. The long term results are known in 240. The overall ten year survival rate was 5 per cent. This is analysed in relation to age, site of tumour, radiographic grading, and method of treatment. There were no survivors in patients under the age of fifteen; in tumours of the proximal half of the femur and humerus; or tumours of the trunk. If these cases are excluded, amputation gave a ten year survival rate in 11 per cent. The radiographic grading expressed in relation to expansion of the tumour has a significant relationship to the prognosis. In the authors' experience histological grading of the tumour is not feasible and probably has no bearing on the prognosis. The authors express their preference for treatment based on their analysis of this series.


Prevention of infective endocarditis.

Prevention of infective endocarditis.


Predisposing conditions of infective endocarditis.


Periodontal-endodontic lesions and their management.


The promise of our own good forture.

The promise of our own good forture.


CUSO recruiting dentists.

CUSO recruiting dentists.


CFDE--a helping hand.

CFDE--a helping hand.


Simple methods of accommodating to fast dental x-ray films.


Effects of varying peak kilovoltage and filtration on diagnostic dental radiographs.


Auditory canal haemorrhage with contralateral condylar fracture.


Isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from an adult with acute leukemia. During the course of treatment for acute myelocytic leukemia, Haemophilus aphrophilus was isolated from eight blood cultures associated with the clinical picture of bacterial endocarditis.


Five years after central nervous system irradiation of children with leukemia.


Genetic counselling: a tool for the prevention of some abnormal pregnancies.


The histopathology of placental insufficiency.


Teratogens in the human: current problems.


The effects of placental insufficiency on the fetal lung.


The histology of eclamptic lesions.

The histology of eclamptic lesions. A brief description is given of the main lesion found in eclampsia. Emphasis is placed on the marked difference between the type of lesion found in the kidney and those found in other organs. It is suggested that they may be explained on the basis of increased coagulability of the blood, hypertension and possibly increased permeability of blood vessels. Hypertension may damage vessels and determine the sites of thrombus deposition. Increased permeabilithe mesangium of the glomerulus.


Coagulation disorders.

Coagulation disorders.


Renal function in preeclampsia.

Renal function in preeclampsia.


Haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy.

Haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy.


Genital mycoplasmal infections: their relation to prematurity and other abnormalities of reproduction. The genital mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum eT-mycoplasmas) are common vaginal organisms. They are acquired primarily through sexual contact. There is evidence, some of it highly suggestive, linking the genital mycoplasmas to involuntary infertility, spontaneous abortion and low birth weight. Additional controlled treatment studies are needed in each of these areas to assess fully the role of the genital mycoplasmas. M. hominis has the potential to invade the blood stream and is responsible for some instances of fever following abortion and of postpartum fever.


Fibrin deposition in pregnancy.

Fibrin deposition in pregnancy.


An evaluation of proximal surface cleansing agents. The effectiveness of the Interspace brush, Inter-Dens, and waxed dental floss as proximal surface cleansing agents was compared in 35 subjects. Each subject used all three methods of cleansing in random order of selection. Statistical analysis of the results showed that there was no difference in the effectiveness of any one of these three agents. However, proximal surfaces of anterior teeth where cleaned more effectively than posterior teeth. The coronal half of the proximal surfaces was cleaned more effectively than the apical half and the facial half more effectively than the lingual half when Inter-Dens was used. Comparison of cleansing effectiveness between facial and lingual halves of proximal surfaces for the Interspace brush and waxed dental floss showed no significant difference. Mesial and distal proximal surfaces were cleaned with similar effectiveness. Plaque control was only satisfactory on approximately half of the proximal surfaces, though a wide variation occurred. Significantly lower plaque scores were found 1 week after the initial instruction session, irrespective of the agent used. The majority of subjects preferred Inter-Dens whilst waxed dental floss was the least-liked method of cleansing.


Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with advanced periodontal disease.


The periodontal management of a patient with a profound immunodeficiency disorder. A case of severe, uncontrolled periodontal disease in a patient with a profound immunodeficiency disorder is reported. The periodontal disease was noted before the age of 10 years and is generalized, with marked associated alveolar bone loss, even threatening a mandibular fracture. Severely involved teeth were allowed to exfoliate, and extractions were avoided. At the age of 17 years, the patient now has only nine remaining teeth. The management adopted and alternative approaches are critically reviewed. The implications of the dental findings for current concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and dental caries are discussed.


Plaque-removing effect of a toothbrush, dental floss, and a toothpick. The ability of three different oral hygiene devices to remove 2-day-old bacterial deposits was evaluated on 21 young adults with healthy periodontia. On buccal tooth surfaces, the cleaning effect of a multitufted nylon brush was superior to that of a wooden toothpick or unwaxed dental floss. On lingual surfaces, the toothpick was as effective as the brush. On the visible portions of proximal surfaces, all three devices were equally efficient. A combined cleaning exercise with all three instruments together yielded significantly better results than did the use of each single device. Eight subjects were able to remove all disclosable deposits.


Renal disease in pregnancy.

Renal disease in pregnancy.


Use of palatal mucosa and lyophilized dura mater to create attached gingiva. Gingival extension procedures using free palatal mucosal autografts or homologous lyophilized dura were compared clinically. Palatal mucosa was transplanted in 68 cases and lyophilized dura in 16 cases. The width of the zone of attached gingiva was measured before surgery and at regular intervals up to 2 years postoperatively. The width of the attached gingiva remained relatively constant in the mucosal transplant group from 1 month postoperatively, with an average relapse of about 20%. In the dura group the width of attached gingiva showed a marked decrease until 3 months after surgery with an average relapse of approximately 63%. If a preset minimal width of the attached gingiva is considered to be the criterion of success, the superiority of the palatal mucosa grafting procedure is demonstrated.


A radio-opaque denture material.

A radio-opaque denture material.


The clinical assessment of deep carious lesions.


The timing of tooth emergence in four population samples.


Neurilemmomas in the oral cavity.

Neurilemmomas in the oral cavity.


Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible.

Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible.


The British Dental Auxiliary.

The British Dental Auxiliary.


Specification test for the solubility and disintegration of dental cements: a critical evaluation of its meaning. The specification test for solubility and disintegration is an essential screening test for the quality control of certain cement types. No cement fails it can be considered for use; however, the test has only a limited clinical significance because it does not give an indication of the stability of the fully hardened cement matrix either in oral fluids or water. Instead, it gives a measure of the content of the soluble reaction intermediate present in cements that are still hardening and where the matrix has not fully formed. The test relates, therefore, to early vulnerability to aqueous attack and hardening rate. The period of test is, in fact, an atypical one and the true extent of the erosion of the cement matrix is obscured by the presence of soluble reaction intermediates. Long-term extrapolations cannot be made and so test results for broadly satisfactory cements within a category cannot be used for valid comparisons of clinical excellence, and they can be used even less to compare different cement types with different setting reactions. For example, in general, the dental silicate cement has a higher solubility and distinegration figure than the zinc phosphate cement because it contains soluble sodium salt and hardens more slowly. However, it is more stable under oral conditiont an indication of the vulnerability of the forming matrix to attack. The test is not valid when applied to zinc oxide-eugenol cements because the products of decomposition are either virtually water-insoluble or volatile and therefore not measured under the conditions of the test. A method is suggested for overcoming this deficiency. The test needs to be supplemented by other tests done on fully hardened cements for longer periods of time and in mediums that can represent oral conditions. One example would be to stimulate acid conditions developed in stagnation areas. A total estimation of decomposition products, both soluble and insoluble, is called for rather than the determination of soluble materials only.


Enamel silicon and fluoride relationships demonstrating a surface silicon effect that facilitates fluoride uptake. This study indicated that a clear relationship exists between silicon and fluoride. We have also demonstrated a probable surface enamel silicon effect that increases fluoride uptake. The complex set of relationships described in the surface chemistry of calcium, tin, and zirconium with fluoride, hydroxide, phosphate, and other surface-occurring ions need not be considered to confuse the specific silicon-fluoride relationship presented here because in this computation we are relating the changes in the silicon and fluoride ion values only. We have, however, considered the thermodynamics of such reactions and intend to elaborate on it in a later publication. We are aware of the small depth of fluoride penetration into enamel after topical treatment Health Foundation, Research Unit at the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20034, USA.


Enamel solubility rate measurements in vivo on naval recruits. Enamel solubility rates were determined in vivo to depths of 1 to 2 mum in the teeth from two samples of naval recruits that had been grouped, respectively, according to DMFT scores and visual indexes of oral hygiene status. No positive correlation between enamel solubility rates and DMFT scores were observed; rather there was a tendency for caries-resistant participants to have a highest apparent enamel solubility rates, even though mean differences among the DMFT groups were not generally significant. Intra-subject measurements on 12 teeth per participant for eight of the recruits showed, on the average, only about one half the variability founl incisors for more than 70 of the recruits. The least variability was found for measurements on paired maxillary central incisors. It was concluded that factors such as tooth morphology and, in particular, tooth-surface films could considerably affect enamel solubility rates measured in vivo.


Editorial: The ethics of reviewing.

Editorial: The ethics of reviewing.


Kinetics of calcium metabolism in rat dentin and enamel. The time course of the specific activity of 45Ca in the dentin and enamel of rat incisors and molars was followed after an intravenous injection of the radiotracer. It was then correlated with the specific activity of 45Ca in plasma to obtain the accretion rates on the dentin of molars and incisors. The exchangeable calcium pool sizes in the dentin and the enamel of the molar were also calculated.


Effects of sodium trimetaphosphate supplementation of a high sucrose diet on the microbial and biochemical composition of four-day plaque and on urine calcium and phosphorus levels. Daily supplementation of a high sucrose diet with 5 gm TMP resulted in significant alterations in certain human plaque components. Veillonella and Neisseria population (as percent total viable microorganisms), S sanguis (as percent streptococci), and levan hydrolase activity per milligram of plaque increased, whereas total viable microorganisms per milligram of plaque, streptococci per milligram of plaque, and specific fructosyltransferase activity decreased during the TMP-containing diet regimen.


Latex spheres as immunologic markers to demonstrate the binding of human salivary immunoglobulins to Streptococcus mutans. The results of this study indicate that latex beads can be used to identify specific antigen-antibody interactions on the surface of bacterial cells. The application of a Labelling Index allowed specific interactions to be quantitatively distinguished from non-specific latex bead attachments. The labeling indexes for latex beads absorbed to anti-salivary immunoglobulins were significantly higher than for negative control indexes when tested against S mutans treated with saliva. Conversely, there was no significant difference when they were tested against nonoral bacteria treated with saliva. This suggests that both whole and parotid human saliva contained specific antibodies against S mutans.


Radiographic spatial frequencies essential to the diagnosis of incipient interproximal lesions. The effects of fixed pattern noise on the interpretation of dental radiographs containing known lesions suggest that reliable detection of incipient interproximal caries is influenced by the spatial frequency of information visibly displayed. Frequencies less than the limiting resolution of existinta also permit demonstration that significantly less resolution is required horizontally than vertically to achieve a criterion level of diagnostic accuracy. These findings are consistent with the notion that accurate diagnosis may be possible with less resolution than is currently produced by conventional bitewing radiographic techniques. If this is trut means for radiographically detecting caries can be developed that require less exposure of the patient to ionizing radiation.


President-elect's message: the support of dental research.


Upper face height-total face height ratio in adult American black males.


Optical test for the groove adaptation of dental amalgams using a He-Ne laser. An optical test was developed for amalgam alloys by condensing amalgams against stain-less steel blocks with regularly spaced grooves forming diffraction gratings. The quality of the diffraction pattern obtained with a He-Na laser from these amalgams is a measure of the adaptation to the grooves.


Load-extension-time behavior of orthodontic Alastiks. Typical elastomeric behavior displayed by Alastik orthodontic bands resulted in load-extension curves that depended on the rate of extension as well as the amount of extension. Initially, the modules tested at the faster speeds had higher moduli and were stronger; but as extension continued, the trend reversed, and at breakage the more slowly stretched modules were the strongest. Therefore, although the Alastiks appear to be uniformly produced, the clinician still needs to know his rate of deformation and degree of stretching to accurately assess the module force. In addition, the module, once in position, will not maintain a constant force but will experience a decrease in applied load with time kept at a constant extension. Because the initial load decay is more rapid for both faster extension and higher load, it seems reasonable to suggest that care be taken by the clinican to stretch the module more slowly into place. This should result in a higher load level for a longer period of time. Although the measured changes in loads are not necessarily of sufficient magnitude to seriously influence the clinical result, a clearer understanding of the module behavior, such as currently presented, will hopefully assist in more comprehensive clinical evaluations.


Diffusion of water in composite filling materials. The uptake of water by composite filling materials seems to be a diffusion-controlled process; the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients obtained are consistent with the uptake base through the resin matrix. The diffusion coefficients measured show the diffusion coefficient to decrease with increasing water concentration, which accounts for the protracted nature of the attainment of equilibrium uptake. Diffusion coefficients are generally lower in these composites based on difunctional methacrylates, compared with methyl methacrylate, presumably because of the highly cross-linked nature of the former.


X-ray diffraction and calcium-phosphorous analysis of irradiated human teeth.


Mitotic activity in the oral epithelium of the albino rat. In groups of Wistar rats 3 and 12 months of age, colchicine and radioautography were used to assess mitotic activity in oral epitheliums. Apparent mitotic activity in the epitheliums of the cheek, hard palate, and central, intermediate, and lateral zones of the soft palate depended on the method used and the age of the rat.


DMBA and immunosuppression in the Syrian golden hamster. The immunosuppressive effects of topically applied 9, 10 dimethyl 1, 2 benzanthracene (DMBA) were investigated in the Syrian Golden hamster. Tri-weekly doses of DMBA were administered, with some hamsters receiving both DMBA and X-radiation. DMBA and DMBA-plus-radiation groups demonstrated decreased immune responsiveness relative to their control counterparts. Potential immunosuppressive effects of carcinogen and carcinoma are discussed.


Health sciences education in the twenty-first century: who is to do what work in dentistry?


The current status and impact of oral biology in dental education. Twenty-four oral biology departments were surveyed with respect to number of faculty, graduate programs, and role in the dental schools (ORB schools). The mean full-time and part-time faculty per department is eight and 2.6, respectively. There are nine graduate programs, but only one has actually granted Ph.D.'s in oral biology. Students of these ORB schools were compared with students of 32 dental schools which did not have oral biology departments (NOB schools) in performance on the dental National Board Examinations. With respect to mean scores, students from the ORB schools performed better on both part 1 and part 2 examinations from 1969 to 1974. There has also been an impressive difference in the failure rates, students in the ORB schools experiencing a lower failure rate. Further analysis demonstrated that oral biology departments have developed largely in dental schools which have relied upon medical school basic science departments for teaching the basic sciences.


Effect of NaF pretreatments on the resistance of powdered human dentin to acid dissolution. The acid resistance of powdered human dentin increased linearly after pretreatments in 2.5, 25, 250, and 1,000 mM NaF in water. The acid resistance was not directly correlated to the F content of the dentin. The results indicated F uptake by the dentin to be a result of chemical reaction and of absorption.


Genetic counseling in dentistry.

Genetic counseling in dentistry.


Stress analysis of porous rooted dental implants. A model based on a continuously bonded interface predicts high punching stresses at the apex of the implant and low stresses in the cortical plates. A model based on a continuously bonded interface predicts high stiffness and a resultant low implant displacement-load ratio. A model based on a tissue ingrowth-bonded interface predicts uniform distribution of stresses around the implant through the cortical plates. A model based on a tissue ingrowth-bonded interface predicts an implant displacement-load ratio close to the ratio measured with actual implant specimens.


Composition of fluoridated dental enamel studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA). A combination of ESCA and argon-ion etching has been shown to be effective in determining the surface and subsurface composition of dental enamel. The heavy organic coating on enamel has been investigated. Beneath this coating, untreated enamel was found to have invariant phosphorus and calcuim concentrations over the region surface. The surface of enamel treated with an acid phosphate-fluoride gel was shown to be almost entirely connected to calcium fluoride. A phosphate species, noncalcium and possibly a sodium salt, was found to be present in the surface layer. At a depth lower than about 60 nm, there was a gradual increase in phosphorus concentration that approached the value for untreated enamel with increasing depth. The increasing phosphorus and decreasing fluorine concentrations were primarily caused by the increasing concentration of unreacted hydroxyapatite. These results have shown that ESCA coupled with argon-ion etching, can be used effectively to examine the surface and subsurface composition of dental enamel. The surface sensitivity, ability to strip thin layers of material, sensitivity to low atomic weight elements, and ability to differentiate between different oxidation states makes a combination of these two techniques extremely useful for dental research.


Role of attrition and occlusal contact in the physiology of the rat incisor: X. The part played by the periodontal ligament in the eruptive process. Removal of the proliferating base of the rat incisor did not influence the rate of eruption which responded to changes in impediment to eruption in a fashion similar to that for control teeth. It is the peridontal ligament rather than the proliferating cells that is responsible for tooth eruption. The elements of the peridontal ligament apparently responsible for tooth movement are the mature fibroblasts.


Glucose taste thresholds in cariesfree naval recruits. Glucose taste detection thresholds were determined in 41 cariesfree recruits and 53 recruits with caries experience. Cariesfree detection thresholds ranged from 5 to 45 mM/liter, with a mean of 13.4 +/- 1.7 whereas that of the control group ranged from 5 to 50 mM/liter with a mean of 22.3 +/- 1.7 (P less than 0.01). A Kilmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test demonstrated a significant difference in the distribution of thresholds between the two groups (P less than 0.01). These observations are in accordance with previous studies demonstrating that cariesfree recruits display lower sucrose taste detection thresholds than recruits with caries experience.


Attitudes toward women dental students among male dental students and male dental faculty members. The results of this study support the following conclusions: 1. Male dental faculty and male dental students have similar perceptions of women enrolled in dental school. 2. Male dental faculty and male dental students rate women dental students high on the evaluative and activity scales of the semantic differential but relatively low in potency measures. 3. Male dental faculty and male dental students perceive women dental students as different from both the sex role of women and the professional role of dentist.


A taxonomy for behavioral objectives in a dental school. This paper describes a taxonomy proposed for use by dental school faculties as an aid in specifying their course objectives in behavioral terms. This taxonomy, developed and tried at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine, is simpler than taxonomies previously proposed because it reduces the number of categories. In addition, the categories themselves are designed to communicate to and be interpreted by dental educators. The six categories are (1) knowledge of facts, concepts, and principles; (2) comprehension; (3) perceptual ability; (4) diagnosis and treatment planning skills; (5) motor skills; and (6) interactive skills. Each category is briefly defined and illustrated with two samples from operative dentistry.


Sibling similarities in dental caries.

Sibling similarities in dental caries.


Dual lecturer technique.

Dual lecturer technique.


Skull form in three inbred strains of rats.


Eruption rate of rat incisor after parathyroidectomy.


Responsibilities of educators.

Responsibilities of educators.


Xylitol binding in human dental plaque.

Xylitol binding in human dental plaque. Human dental plaque and whole saliva sediment were tested for their ability to bind 14C-labeled sucrose, fructose, glucose, sorbitol, and xylitol. Sucrose, glucose, sorbitol, and fructose were bound to all materials tested, in this decreasing order. The binding was strongest with plaque given a five-second ultrasonic shock, and lowest with salivary sediment. Xylitol was only insignificantly bound, indicating that plaque microorganisms possess specific recognition sites for xylitol to a very restricted extent.


Comparative anatomic study of mandibular growth in rats after bilateral resections of superficial masseter, posterior temporal, and anterior digastric muscles. Bilateral resections of the superficial masseter, posterior temporal, and anterior digastric muscles of rats were done to determine their effects on mandibular growth. The macroscopic findings support the functional matrix theory of mandibular growth. The analysis of body weight and the statistical two-way analysis of variance done suggest that malnutrition was the main factor that caused the mandibles of rats in the experimental groups of remain undersized.


Influence of amalgam, alloy, and mercury on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans: II. Comparison of amalgams and alloys. The influence of three alloys and their amalgams on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans has been estimated. Spherical, fine cut, and dispersion alloys were studied. Dispersion alloy amalgams seem to inhibit bacterial growth more than amalgams prepared from the other alloys in a similar fashion.


Chromatographic properties of denatured skin and bone collagens on hydroxyapatite. Denatured collagen samples extracted from the skin and bone of lathyritic rats with guanidine hydrochloride were chromatographed on hydroxyapatite columns. A major fraction of the bone extract that was rich in alpha chain showed a stronger binding to hydroxyapatite when compared to the corresponding fraction from skin. Thus, bone collagen shows a special affinity for hydroxyapatite after isolation and denaturation.


Should dental students be granted licensure automatically upon graduation? --A dental educator's view.


F uptake and F release by root dentin after brushing with F-containing and F-free dentifrice in vitro.


Should dental students be granted licensure automatically upon graduation? --A dental examiner's view.


Detection of p-chloroaniline in chlorhexidine solutions using thin-layer chromatography.


What should boards do with dentists whose competence is questioned through peer review or whose performance has been judged marginal? --A dental educator's view.


Jaw-opening reflex as pain response in rabbit: preliminary report.


How can learning experiences in continuing dental education be evaluated in relation to patient benefit?


Expanding the role of behavioral objectives in dental education.


Fluoride uptake in rats given tea with milk.


Good scientific program result of hard work.


Comment on book review.

Comment on book review.


Compliments board.

Compliments board.


Hypertension.

Hypertension.


Reading radiographs.

Reading radiographs.


Information not new.

Information not new.


Our own worst enemies.

Our own worst enemies.


Fight for parity.

Fight for parity.


Dentistry as a profession.

Dentistry as a profession.


House of Delegates-structure and function of the ADA's policy-making body.


Time line analysis of dental restorative procedures related to dynamic instrument location. The detailed timing and recording of the sequence of tasks for dental restorative procedures was used to evaluate the effects of the location of the hand-piece and three-way syringe on the dental team performance. Sixty-four audiovisual tapes of ten dental teams, performing complete, actual restorative procedures, were made in two dental operatories that differed only in the location of the dentist's instrument cabinet. Total treatment sessions were divided into four major divisions and expressed as a percentage of the total time: patient preparation, 14%; tooth preparation, 32%; tooth restoration, 50%; and patient release, 4%. Tooth preparation and restoration took longer with the instruments in the 8-o'clock location than with them in the 12-o'clock location. When the teams were reversed, that is, changed to the other operatory, there was an increase in tooth preparation and restoration time. Instrument transfer and use, especially for the three-way syringe, tended to take longer for the 8-o'clock location. In contrast, the dentist's idle time tended to increase working with the 12-o'clock instrument location because of differences in work loads. Time line analysis provided a means of evaluating the impact of instrument location as well as an approach to assessing individual team performance.


Three-year clinical comparison of three amalgam alloy types emphasizing an appraisal of the evaluation methods used. Five different evaluation techniques were used to measure the marginal breakdown of three-year-old amalgam restorations. The most useful method appeared to be one in which photographs of all restorations were ranked in descending order starting with the restoration that had the least marginal breakdown and ending with the restoration that had the greatest deterioration. Three different alloys were evaluated and the results confirm those of previous studies; the alloy having the lowest creep was superior whereas restorations placed with the alloy having the highest creep displayed the greatest marginal breakdown.


Communicating with the young dental patient.


Role of endodontics in current dental practice. The findings presented in this statistical study are applicable to a representative sample of dentists in general practice in Illinois. Almost 90% of the respondents in this survey do some or all of their root canal therapy. The majority of those who do some or all of their root canal therapy do so because they enjoy it. Most of the respondents (77.3%) do not take root canal cultures. Kerr's Root Canal Sealer is the most widely used sealer, followed by Kerr's Tubli-Seal and Dr. Wach's sealer, respectively. The preferred technique of filling root canals among the respondents is by means of guttapercha and lateral condensation for most canals and the use of silver points for narrow or constricted canals. A technique that is not taught in any American dental school, the Sargenti N2 technique, is used by almost 20% of the responding dentists. Most of the respondents try to fill the canal 0.5 to 1 mm from the apex. Although dozens of intracanal medicaments exist, the most commonly used one is camphorated parachlorophenol, which is used by more than 50% of the dentists who participated in this survey. A chelating agent is used by almost two fifths of the dentists surveyed and use of such an agent is increasing. More than half the respondents carry out some sort of endodontic surgery in their practice' apicoectomy is the most common endodontic surgery performed. The data show that 48.9% of the dentists who participated in this survey feel that dental schools should devote more time to teaching endodontics, 50.5% believe that the amount of time should remain the same, and only 0.5% feel that the amount of time should be decreased. About 70% of those who feel that the amount of time for teaching endodontics should be increased specified an increase in clinical training.


Accuracy of casts produced from alginate and hydrocolloid impression materials. It is recognized that alginate impression materials have been used to obtain casts from which castings have been fabricated for a number of years. This study indicates that more dimensionally accurate casts are produced from hydrocolloid compared with casts produced from alginate. The most accurate casts were produced from the polyether impression material.


New American Dental Association Soecification no. 28 for endodontic files and reamers. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


New American Dental Association Specification no. 29 general specification for hand instruments. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


The statewide fluoridation program of Tennessee through the voluntary process.


Antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis in patients with a prosthetic heart valve. A review of the types of organisms and their sensitivities to antibiotics, as well as the source of infection, was carried out for 11 patients who had late onset infective endocarditis and a prosthetic heart valve. Candida organisms were isolated from two patients. In nine patients with late onset bacterial endocarditis, the organisms isolated were five streptococci and four staphylococci. Their sensitivities to antibiotics were penicillin, five of eight; erythromycin, eight of eight; and cephalothin, six of seven. Two patients with endocarditis had ulcerations beneath their dentures, and one had undergond a prior dental procedure. Of 52 healthy patients with prosthetic valves who were interviewed, only 18 had visited a dentist during the previous year, and six did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis. It is concluded that patients with prosthetic heart valves do not practice good oral hygiene and, if they do visit the dentist, some may not receive antibiotics for endocarditis prevention. An antibiotic regimen for endocarditis is presented that is consistent with the organisms found in the oral cavity and those found in patients with endocarditis who have a prosthetic valve.


Carcinoma of the nasopharynx and nasa fossa: report of case. A brief history of a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is described. A general discussion of the problems of diagnosis, treatment, and classification of the more frequent histologic type is presented. Currently, the most favorable prognosis is in patients in whom the condition is detected early. This serious disease sometimes occurs near or adjacent to the area of the dentist's primary responsibility. The dentist should always assume his professional responsibility by promptly referring any patient with suspected cancer to an appropriate specialist.


A study to develop a rating system and evaluate dental radiographs submitted to a third party carrier. An easy, efficient system for rating radiographs was developed and applied to 1,000 preauthorization case submissions. The films were evaluated and the frequency distribution of errors determined. Results showed the majority of the examined full-mouth and partial-mouth radiograph series submitted to Pennsylvania Blue Shield were substandard. Recommendations for screening radiographs to upgrade their technical quality are offered.


A combined approach to preventing dental caries in schoolchildren: caries reductions after one year. A prototype school-based dental program is being conducted in a low-middle-income, urban area, as a demonstration project to test the combined effect on dental caries of several preventive measures. Procedures include ingestion of fluoridated water (1.0 ppm), topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride, application of a pit and fissure sealant, early detection of caries and restoration of affected teeth, and dental health education (oral hygiene and dietary counseling program). The four-year project began in early 1973. A group of 1,200 children in the first and sixth grades was randomly separated into a treatment and a comparison group. All children participate in a dental health education program and consume fluoridated water. Dental care is provided on site at 18 schools, with the use of two mobile vans, saving time and expense in school hours lost and transportation costs. A hygienist coordinates the oral hygiene and dietary programs in classrooms with the help of teachers trained in workshops. Supervised toothbrushing, flossing, and use of disclosing agents are carried on in the classrooms. First-year caries increment data in permanent teeth indicate a high degree of success. Occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth in children in the treatment group, contrasted to those in children in the comparison group, showed an average reduction in caries of 84%. The encouraging results obtained at the end of one year indicate that a school-based preventive dentistry program may have great potential for preventing and controlling dental caries in schoolchildren.


A cautious note of thanksgiving.

A cautious note of thanksgiving.


Too many edentulous.

Too many edentulous.


Disputes fee increase reports.

Disputes fee increase reports.


Validity not accepted.

Validity not accepted.


Survey of dentists on the impact of the United Auto Workers/auto industry dental plan. Survey responses showed little change in dental office staffing and paperwork as a result of the UAW/auto industry program. Only slight differences between respondents in the four states were apparent; except for Michigan, where the greatest increase in staff and additional clerical hours was reported. The differences that did exist might be related to the volume of UAW/auto industry business in each area and the dentists' opinions of the carriers they relate to most frequently. The responses did not reveal a clear indication of success or failure of the plan by virture of any category evaluated.


Two-year report of sealant effect on bacteria in dental caries. Teeth in which caries had penetrated the pits and fissures were sealed with an ultraviolet-light-polymerized sealant. Samples of carious dentin were taken from teeth that were not sealed and from teeth that were sealed, up to two years after the sealant had been placed. The major reduction in viable microorganisms occurred during the first two weeks, and there was a gradual reduction in the total count thereafter. At the end of two years, there was a 2,000-fold decrease in the number of cultivable microorganisms. Preliminary clinical and radiographic findings suggest that there was no progression of the carious lesions, but further studies are needed before this technique can be considered an alternative to conventional procedures.


Forensic dentistry.

Forensic dentistry. Data and information derived from the teeth and oral structures have been used successfully where other methods of identification or determination of criminal responsibility have failed. In many instances, the techniques used in forensic dentistry bring evidence to a point of certitude that would otherwise be lacking. Teeth, by their formation and structure and their relative permanence, record and retain the history of their development and the history of the incidents to which they have been subjected. Generally, the characteristics of formation and structure of teeth contribute information pertinent to probabilities of relationships and probabilities of events. As a result, these characteristics are highly useful in affirming or negating evidence as circumstantial or as factual.


Hypertension screening among dental patients. Between January 1974 and March 1975, blood pressures were taken on all 2,222 dental patients admitted for treatment at the Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia School of Dentistry. According to the criteria of an elevated diastolic blood pressure (above 95 mm Hg) at three successive readings not less than five days apart, 131 patients were referred to physicians as suspected hypertensives. One hundred and thirteen patients were deemed hypertensive by their physician. A positive family history of hypertension was noted for 54% of the 113 undetected hypertensives. Of the 113 hypertensives, 6% visited their dentist yearly but did not visit their physician during the same time. On this basis we conclude that about 6% of dental patients can be expected to be referred to physicians as a result of high blood pressure screening in a dentist's office.


The effect of phosphoric acid on human deciduous enamel surfaces in vitro.


Prevalence of Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina ova in dog faeces deposited on the streets of Leeds.


Dental problems in 215 Nigerian children seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.


Congenital coarctation of the aorta in adults. Fifteen years' experience at the National Taiwan University Hospital.


Hemodynamic responses to supine exercise testing and atrial pacing in the Chinese.


A study on diabetogenic polypeptide. Preliminary report: isolation of diabetogenic polypeptide from the urines of proteinuric patients and its effect on glucose tolerance in rabbits and dogs.


Serum protein levels and immunoglobulin concentrations in asthmatics and healthy adults.


The effect of ricin on the growth of chick-embryo spinal ganglia in tissue culture.


Studies on health manpower supply in Taiwan. III. Current supply of physicians.


Radionuclide angiocardiography in patient with congenital heart disease.


Double Master two-step exercise testing in the Chinese with emphasis on the age, sex, blood pressure and its clinical implication.


Ionic effects on the binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin to the particulate fraction of the rat brain.


Topical use of ascorbic acid in the management of pressure sore. Quantitative estimation with a new method.


Studies on the analgesic effects of abrin and ricin.


Residents-students or employees.

Residents-students or employees.


Showcase opportunity.

Showcase opportunity.


Treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.


Chondroma of the anterior nasal spine.

Chondroma of the anterior nasal spine. Chondromas in the head and neck, and particularly in the nasal region, are uncommon. A unique case of a chondroma within the anterior nasal spine has been reported. The asymptomatic lesion was discovered radiographically and mimicked a mesiodens. The tumor consisted of benign-appearing cartilaginous tissue; enucleation has resulted in a apparent cure. A hamartomatous origin has been postulated for this unusual lesion.


Complications in treatment of a mandibular defect with a Silastic implant. Failure of a previously published Silastic implant technique in the treatment of facial asymmetry has been reported. It is a clinician's obligation to report failures as well as successes in the treatment of the oral surgical patient so that other practitioners are not misguided.


Pigmented dermoid cyst of the floor to the mouth: a comparison of two cases. Two cases of very large midline sublingual dermoid cysts are reported; one case had unique features. A useful surgical technique for the management of such cysts in described. The failure of the cyst in one case to penetrate the geniohyoid septum despite its large size and the presence of melanin pigmentation in the cystic lining are emphasized.


Odontoma of the antrum presenting as maxillary sinusitis.


Two developmental anomalies as potential causes of periapical pathosis.


Multiple myeloma involving the jaws and oral soft tissues. A case of multiple myeloma with involvement of the oral cavity in a 75-year-old white man is reported. The patient had a two-year history of multiple myeloma. He had four intraoral soft tissue masses that were diagnosed as plasma cell myeloma. Each of these lesions was over a radiographically evident osteolytic lesion of the jaw. The patient was treated by irradiation and chemotherapy.


"Dentinoma" of the mandible.

"Dentinoma" of the mandible.


Blue nevus of the hard palate.

Blue nevus of the hard palate. The occurrence of a blue nevus of the hard palate in a 72-year-old man is reported. Of the 25 previously documented cases of blue nevus of the oral cavity, 19 were on the hard palate, three on the upper lip, and one each on the lower lip, buccal mucosa, and soft palate. Fourteen were in women and 11 were in men. All but five patients were younger than 50 years of age. The size of the asymptomatic, flat to somewhat elevated, blue-black lesion varied up to 5 mm except for one that was 10 mm in the greatest dimension. Most nevi were of unknown duration and were found incidentally during dental examination. The histogenesis of extracutaneous blue nevus is undetermined but derivation from melanogenic potential of Schwann or endoneurial cells or from stimulation of retained melanoblasts in the stroma developing into melanocytes and formation of blue nevus is possible.


Xerostomia as a post-operative complication of vagotomy. Case report.


Contouring split ribs for correction of severe mandibular atrophy. A method of contouring split ribs for use in augmentation of the atrophic mandible had been described. Symmetry, arch, and alveolar ridge form are excellent. Placement of the rib graft passively on the ridge is easier than use of a single rib with vertical saw cuts.


Preventing rotation of the proximal fragment in the sagittal ramus split operation.


Immediate surgical repositioning of anterior and posterior maxillary dento-osseous segments.


Primary malignant melanoma of the hard palate. A case of malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is presented. The very high frequency of squamous cell carcinoma of the palate in Visakhapatnam, India, is compared to the rarity of malignant melanoma, even though pigmentation of the oral cavity is quite common in this geographical region.


Clinical evaluation of free autogenous gengival grafts placed on alveolar bone. Part I. Clinical predictability. 1. Thirty free autogenous gingival grafts were placed on bone and 30 were placed on a periosteal bed. The distribution into the groups was random. All 60 grafts survived, showing that both procedures were predictable. 2. Over one-half (17 of 30) of those on periosteum demonstrated mobility by 6 months postoperatively. No mobility was observed in the group placed directly on bone. 3. Osseous placed grafts demonstrated less swelling and better hemostasis than did the periosteally placed grafts. 4. A healing lag was observed in the grafts placed on bone which lasted only for the first two postoperative visits, approximately 2 weeks. 5. No infections or sequestrations were noted in any case.


Unusual bony lesion of the zygomatic arch.


Clinical evaluation of free autogenous gingival grafts placed on alveolar bone. Part II. Coverage of nonpathologic dehiscences and fenestrations.


Oral lesions in Crohn's disease.

Oral lesions in Crohn's disease.


Creeping attachment after free gingival grafts. Free gingival grafts were placed in the lower anterior vestibular region of 30 patients each of whom had a gingival recession. According to the width of the recession and to the surgical procedure, the patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 showed a "narrow" (less than 3 mm) type of recession, while Group 2 had a "wide" type. In both of these groups the graft was placed over the denuded root. In Group 3 (narrow recession) and Group 4 (wide), a collar of vestibular gingiva was left in place on the lower margin of the denuded root at the moment of grafting. Measurements and photographs taken before and 1 month after surgery, 6 months and 2 years postoperatively, showed varying degrees of root covering by the phenomenon of creeping attachment. An optimal recovery of the gingival profile was obtained in the three patients of Group 1. In the other categories of patients the creeping of the attachment apparatus was relatively small (between 0 and 33%) within the 2 years of observation. The factors which seem to have a definite influence upon the phenomenon of creeping attachment are the following: width of the recession, position of the graft, bone resorption, position of the tooth and hygiene of the patient.


Laterally positioned mucoperiosteal pedicle grafts in the treatment of denuded roots. A clinical and statistical study.


Sodium tetradecyl sulfate treatment of benign vascular anomalies.


The effect of a urea peroxide rinse on dental plaque and gingivitis. The effectiveness of a commercially prepared oxygenating agent (Gly-Oxide Liquid) in reducing plaque accumulation and gingivitis was studied over a 3-week period. Sixty-nine dental students, ages 20 to 30, were divided into three groups: control (group I), placebo (group II), test formulation (group III). Subjects were scored using the Plaque and Gingival indices of Loe et al. at the beginning of the study and at 1, 2, and 3-week intervals. In accordance with a well-established experimental gingivitis model, oral hygiene was withdrawn for the duration of the study. No statistically significant differences in plaque development was noted. Analysis of variance showed a significant treatment effect on gingivitis (P less than 0.01). A significant difference between group I and group III was evident (P less than 0.05). The study indicates that the formulation may be effective in reducing gingivitis in human subjects. Additional investigations regarding its usefulness as a routine oral hygiene adjunct are warranted.


Accelerated reattachment with cementogenesis to dentin, demineralized in situ. II. Defect repair. Three surgical experiments, with histologic evaluation, were performed to study induced gingival reattachment to tooth root dentin demineralized in situ during flap surgery in adult mongrel dogs. Experiments demonstrated aspects of: (1) Weekly histochemical and morphological sequences of repair; (2) Repair of chronically inflamed bony defects simulating periodontal pockets; and (3) Six and 12 month repair of reattached surgical defects. Flap reattachment with cementogenesis was induced by in situ root demineralization using citric acid at pH 1.0 applied for 2 minutes. Results demonstrate: (1) The production of anchoring cementum pins extending into dentin tubules widened by demineralization; (2) Reattachment with cementogenesis of inflamed gingiva to roots exposed to chronically-infected surgical defects for 3 months; (3) Success in repairing chronic interproximal one-walled and labial one surface defects by reattachment; (4) Relative failure to repair bifurcation and horizontal bone defects by flap reattachment; and (5) Complete alveolar bone repair over most labial defects by 1 year, with maintenance of a periodontal ligament between induced bone and cementum. These findings, together with previous reports of induced reattachment to demineralized roots, provide further evidence for mechanisms and consistency and suggest that this regenerative phenomenon may be useful in repairing osseous defects in periodontal therapy.


Periodontal probing and the relationship of the probe tip to periodontal tissues.


A technique of measurement of the depth of the vestibular fornix in the mandibular anterior region. A radiographic method of measurement of the depth of labial vestibule in the mandibular anterior region has been described. Contrast medium was applied to the lip and mucobuccal fold and radiopaque marker attached to the labial surface of each tooth. The head was positioned in a craniostat and a posterior-anterior radiograph exposed. The radiopaque boundaries of the vestibule showed on the radiograph so that they could be measured. Statistical analysis showed a recording error of 0.6 mm and an observation error of 0.29 mm, which are within the range of error acceptable for this type of recording technique.


Transgingival probing as a potential estimator of alveolar bone level. The validity of using a periodontal probe for the transgingival sounding of the alveolar crest level has been demonstrated for buccal surfaces of the jaw. The measurements from the occlusal surfaces of the teeth to the estimated level of the alveolar crest using this technique accurately reflected the actual distances measured after surgical exposure of the alveolar crest at these sites.


Short communication: flap terminology.

Short communication: flap terminology.


A comparison of the mucogingival junction in dentulous and edentulous areas. Thirty human mucogingival specimens were evaluated histologically and histochemically to determine whether a difference exists in the mucogingival junction of dentulous and edentulous areas of the maxilla and mandible. No significant differences were observed between the two areas. The presence of an intermediate zone is described, which may have clinical implications in some surgical procedures.


Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome). Report of a limited mucocutaneous form. A case of Cowden's disease has been presented and management considerations documented. Mucocutaneous lesions were the dominant feature of the disease. A rationale for differentiating Cowden's disease from other complex syndromes is considered vital to clinical practice.


Antibiotics used traditionally in periodontal therapy.


A laboratory technique for teaching osseous surgery.


Clinical reduction of gingivitis through the use of a mouthwash containing two quaternary ammonium compounds. A commercially available antimicrobial mouthrinse was evaluated among students in Mexican boarding schools. The application was made daily for 3 months under the direct supervision of the project personnel. The observations indicated that the use of this mouthrinse decreased gingivitis substantially in comparison to the use of a control rinse which consisted of flavored water. It is concluded that this mouthwash, containing the known antimicrobial agents cetylpyridinium chloride and domiphen bromide, can be of clinical benefit if conscientiously applied as an adjunct in an oral hygiene regimen of regular toothbrushing with a dentifrice.


Warning labels on reliner do-it-yourself kits.


Relationship between the width of the occlusal table and pressures under dentures during function. The effect of altering the width of the occlusal table was studied on one edentulous subject. A maxillary denture was designed to accept four interchangeable posterior occlusal segments, differing only in the buccolingual dimension of the occlusal table. The opposing mandibular denture contained pressure transducers that made contact at selected sites along the residual ridge. Pressures developed during function between the denture base and the ridge mucosa were analyzed.


Clinical evaluation of a pit and fissure sealant for young adults. A BIS-GMA sealant, Nuva-Seal, failed to provide a statistically significant treatment for subjects 17 to 23 years of age. Sealant therapy cannot be considered a cost-effective factor for this age group. Retention of the more visible tinted version of the sealant was inferior to that of the clear commercial variety. This unexpected disparity in retention of the clear and tinted sealants underscores the importance of employing the exact product of interest to the dental profession when conducting the clinical trial.


A prosthetic device for air-tunnel speech rehabilitation.


Open-eye impression technique for orbital prostheses.


Periodontal considerations of restorative procedures.


Tissue reaction to dispersion alloy amalgam. Dental amalgam implanted in rat connective tissue is injurious for the first 16 days. At 32 days, the implanted amalgam is tolerated. The increased copper content of Dispersalloy did not evoke a more serious response of the connective tissue than Fine Cut or Spheraloy amalgam.


Abrasive wear, tensile strength, and hardness of dental composite resins--is there a relationship? The in vitro abrasive wear resistance, tensile strength, and hardness of seven widely used composite restorative resins have been measured. Findings indicate that the values of tensile strength and hardness are not related to the measured abrasion rates. It is apparent that abrasive wear is a complex phenomenon and that materials which have high values for strength and/or hardness do not necessarily have high resistance to abrasive wear.


Development of new polishing agents for dental amalgam.


Posterior bilateral condylar displacement: its diagnosis and treatment. One type of condylar displacement (posterior bilateral) was discussed as an etiologic factor in TMJ dysfunction. Joint noise, tenderness on muscle palpation, and acute TMJ pain are all considered signs of TMJ dysfunction. Any joint noise is considered to be an early dysfunctional symptom because of its higher incidence in association with palpable muscle pain or acute TMJ dysfunction. Sometimes the joint noise will immediately precede acute muscle pain and/or fluctuate with the painful symptoms. The treatment of bilateral posterior condyle displacement has been described. The mandibular anterior teeth were shortened and the maxillary posterior occlusion adjusted so that the mandible could be respositioned in an anterior position without increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion. A silver-plated maxillary cast was obtained and mounted on a semiadjustable articulator (Hanau) with a face-bow. The mandibular cast was mounted in the dysfunctional (retruded) centric relation. The articulator was moved into a protrusive position by the amount of anterior correction that is needed to reposition the condyles into the middle of the fossae symmetrically on both sides. The original TMJ radiographs provide the necessary information for this clinical judgment. Acrylic resin was placed in the space created between the condylar sphere and stop on the articulator. An acrylic resin temporary repositioning prosthesis constructed on the metal cast has two functions. It provides a therapeutic trial for the anterior condylar respositioning, and it holds the mandible in the therapeutic position while TMJ radiographs confirm the corrective position of the condyles in the fossae. After a successful 6 to 8 week trial period with remission of symptoms, a gold prosthesis was constructed on the same cast in the same therapeutic position. It remains to be seen whether, after several years, the condylar suspension system changes from a dysfunctional centric relation to a new functional centric relation in which the patient can no longer return to the posterior displaced condylar position in the fossa. Only with painstaking observations, accurate TMJ radiographs, complete documentation, and after-care can a more scientific approach to the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ dysfunctional pain syndrome be achieved.


Open-cast technique for metal molds used in constructing facial prostheses. A new (open-cast) technique for the fabrication of metal molds has been presented. Its simplicity relies on the use of gummed asbestos tape as a boxing agent for the investment models. This technique has the following advantages over the "lost wax" technique: (1) it requires approximately one-quarter the amount of investment material, (2) it eliminates the use of investing rings or wax patterns, (3) it eliminates the boil-out step for the wax pattern and reduces the total time required to make a metal mold, and (4) it affords a high degree of visibility. The only disadvantage is that the larger prostheses require large amounts of Lino-type metal which is very heavy. However, this has not restricted the use of this technique since these metals cast well and can be easily placed in large ovens. This technique, because of its advantages, offers more efficient use of laboratory time and personnel.


The burnishability of dental casting alloys. 1. A comparison of Table I with Table IV indicates that all the gold alloys have considerably lower burnishability numbers than are indicated by ADA specification No. 5 for the softened condition. In fact, they are even more burnishable in the hardened condition than specified for Type II alloys. 2. A comparison of Table III with Tables I and II indicates that one of the major advantages of ADA gold alloys is their ease of burnishing. 3. A comparison of Tables III and IV indicates that three of the new alloys (Paliney CB, Albacast, and Alborium) do not meet the burnishability number established from ADA specifications for Type III gold alloys in the softened condition. Moreover, three alloys (Forticast, WLW, and Auralite) probably will require softening heat treatments since their values for conditions of as-cast or hardening heat treatment are much higher than ADA specifications allow for gold alloys. All of these alloys are expected to be either impossible or difficult to burnish in the as-cast state.


Unusual presentation of acute myeloid leukemia.


Restorative occlusion utilizing a custom incisal guide table.


Possible source of error in studies of enzymatic formation of dimethyltryptamine.


Classroom teachers' perceived role in dental health education. This investigation utilized mail questionnaires to determine public school teachers' perceived adequacy to teach six dental health topics and responsbility for dental health in the classroom. The majority of public school teachers surveyed in Iowa City and surrounding communities felt adequate to teach dental health topics with two major exceptions: increasing proficiency in brushing and flossing, and understanding the processes and reasons for periodontal disease. More importantly, this study indicates that many teachers do not consider dental health activities to be responsibilities of the public school teacher.


An evaluation of single and combined self-applied fluoride programs in schools. 1. The combined use of a twice-yearly, self-applied 2.2 percent phosphate fluoride prophylactic paste and a weekly 0.2 percent sodium fluoride mouthrinse resulted in a significantly lower caries prevalence at the same school after two years. 2. The use of a weekly 0.2 percent sodium fluoride mouthrinse alone resulted in a significantly lower caries prevalence among 11 year olds at the same school after two years. 3. The use of a twice-yearly 2.2 percent phosphate fluoride self-applied prophylactic paste did not result in a significant difference in caries prevalence at the same school after two years. 4. The combination of methods appeared to be more effective than either method used alone and the programs were more effective among nonwhites in this population with this type of analysis. 5. A study design which uses cross-sectional data to estimate incidence and to make prevalence comparisons at two different points in time can be useful when an evaluation of the effect of previously tested products is desired in school-based programs.


The status of community advisory committees in dental education. A questionnaire survey was undertaken to determine how prevalent community advisory committees have become in the nation's dental schools and what types of committees have been formed. Responses were received from 52 (90 percent) of the 58 dental schools. The data revealed the following: 1. Nine schools (17 percent) have developed consumer committees. 2. The number of committee members varies from five to 29. 3. All the committees are composed of consumer members and school representatives, and, in all but one committee, health care providers are represented. 4. Four (44 percent) committees have advisory functions only, while the remaining five (56 percent) play an advisory and policy-making role. 5. No committee planned formal training sessions for their consumer members. 6. Of the 43 schools (83 percent) without such a committee, seven (16 percent) replied they foresee implementing a consumer committee in the future.


The presidential point of view.

The presidential point of view.


A resurvey of hypertensive patients detected in a dental office screening program. In order to ascertain the fate of hypertensive patients who were discovered through the Medical College of Virginia School of Dentistry Hypertension Screening Program, a telephone survey was conducted whereby the first 128 patients discovered to be hypertensive through the program were interviewed concerning their current state of care. All 128 patients were at least three months postreferral. Patients were asked whether or not they were still under a physician's care; those responding positively were further questioned regarding medications prescribed, medication consumption, and frequency of physician visits. In all, 109 patients were contacted. The 109 patients consisted of 18 patients treated at the hypertension clinic at Medical College of Virginia and 91 patients being treated by private physicians. Of the 18 clinic patients contacted, 17 (94 percent) were still being treated. Of the patients being treated by private physicians 62 (68.1 percent) were still being followed. Of the 109 patients contacted, 79 (72.5 percent) were still under care and 30 (27.5 percent) were no longer under care. Of the patients still under care 56 (71 percent) had been prescribed medicine and only two had discontinued medication. Forty-one patients saw their physician more frequently than every three months; 21 saw their physician every three to four months and 17 saw their physician semiannually or annually. Of the delinquent hypertensives in this study, 72 percent were still under care at the time of survey and of the previously undetected hypertensives 73 percent were still under care. It is concluded that there is still a significant drop-out-rate among hypertensives after refereral and that some void exists in the follow-up of hypertensives. The suggestion is made that the dentist may be able to assist in follow-up and possibly reduce the drop-out-rate.


Food fads are costly and sometimes unhealthy.


The challenge of dentistry in neighborhood health centers.


Come back, Mr. Chips.

Come back, Mr. Chips.


Medical defense and insurance.

Medical defense and insurance.


Emergency medical care.

Emergency medical care.


Retirement plan for physicians.

Retirement plan for physicians.


Medical-surgical plan of New Jersey.

Medical-surgical plan of New Jersey.


New Jersey--the cancer state?

New Jersey--the cancer state?


New Jersey Foundation for Health Care Evaluation.


Methanol intoxication: biochemical and clinical aspects.


Diets in gastrointestinal diseases: fact or fancy?


Newborn gastric outlet obstruction caused by an antral web.


Radiologic distinguishing features of angiomyolipoma of the kidney.


Asherman's syndrome (Fritsch-Asherman).

Asherman's syndrome (Fritsch-Asherman).


Vaginal reconstruction in testicular feminizing syndrome.


Primary prostatic malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts.


Cancer in New Jersey: an overview.

Cancer in New Jersey: an overview.


Fournier's disease.

Fournier's disease.


Continuous negative chest-wall pressure. Successful use for severe respiratory distress in an adult. Continuous negative pressure (CNP) around the chest-wall and lower parts of the body was used to treat progressively alveolar disease. Therapy with CNP produced a substantial increase in arterial oxygen tension that was sustained and permitted a decrease in oxygen requirements to 40% within 24 hours. There were concomitant decreases in intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt and respiratory frequency. During CNP therapy, no adverse effects on heart rate or blood pressure were detected.


Cytotoxic antibody complicating platelet support in acute leukemia. Response to chemotherapy. Lymphocytotoxic or thrombocytolytic antibodies were detected in 11 of 25 thrombocytopenic patients receiving repeated platelet transfusions. Platelet survival times were reduced in these patients (half-life [T/2], 32 hours) as compared to patients without antibody (T/2, 51 hours, P less than .05). In one woman with acute myeloblastic leukemia and a potent platelet antibody, combination chemotherapy resulted in a profound decrease in circulating gamma-globulin and concurrent disappearance of the cytotoxic antibody. The survival of transfused platelets in this patient was dramatically improved, and bleeding was controlled.


The aminoglycoside antibiotics - current status and future developments.


Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxzole: a rational antibiotic combination with many potential indications.


Changing trends in therapy of infections due to anaerobic bacteria.


The penicillins and cephalosporins: current perspectives.


SCMA: circa 1876 - a glance backward; South Carolina Medical Association.


Editorial: Over-prescribing of antibiotics: why, where, which, and by whom?


The time has come!

The time has come!


The pre-excitement plateau in stage 1 N2O-O2 administration.


Basic studies on electrophrenic respiration. Part 1-Electrophrenic respirator synchronised with phrenic nerve impulses.


What's a nice dental technician like you doing in a place like Albany?


Basic studies on electrophrenic respiration. Part 2-Assisted ventilation by the synchronous electrophrenic respirator.


Improved derivative of a phage lambda EK2 vector for cloning recombinant DNA.


Message of the President to the House of Delegates.


Removal of blunt esophageal foreign bodies: Foley catheter technique.


The President's address; "cool heads for critical times".


The smoking habits of New Zealand doctors: a review after ten years. A second survey of New Zealand doctors' smoking habits in 1972 elicited an 83 percent response from 3113 doctors. 38.5 percent had never smoked compared with 23.8 percent in a 1963 survey; 29.2 had given up smoking, and 33.3 percent still smoked. Only 21.3 percent smoked cigarettes compared with 35.3 percent in 1963. There has been a sustantial increase in non-smokers among recent graduates. Both sexes now smoke cigarettes less frequently but pipe and cigar smoking by male doctors has risen sharply. Obstetricians smoke cigarettes more often than other groups of doctors, while pathologists, medical administrators and academics smoke the least. Giving up smoking was not difficult for most former smokers except for the heavy smokers who now make up most of the persistent smoker group.


Eighteen months general practice experience with urban practice nurses. Experience working with practice nurses under the present urban practice nurse scheme is described very briefly. Financial matters are touched on briefly, as are points for and against the scheme. The personal conclusions reached with regard to patient acceptance, opportunities to practise a more preventive type of medicine and the relief of excessive pressures on the doctor, appear to make the continuance and extension of the scheme well worthwhile.


Geographic patterns of disease.

Geographic patterns of disease. The preparation and use of a computerised grid for demonstrating the temporal and spatial distribution of outbreaks of infectious hepatitis is described. Methods of social area and cluster analysis are described and it is suggested that use could be made in New Zealand of these methods of analysis, taking social data obtained from the census and linking it with mortality and morbidity data obtained by geographical reference.


Chemotherapy and breast cancer.

Chemotherapy and breast cancer.