The mathematics of cleft lip and palate treatment evaluation: measuring the desirability of treatment outcomes. A study was undertaken to investigate the applicability of utility theory to cleft lip and palate treatment decision making. Questionnaires were used to assess value judgements and attitudes toward risk from 119 individuals associated with seventeen cleft lip and palate treatment centers. Significant differences were found to exist between the values expressed by clinicians grouped according to their specialty or the facility to which they were affiliated. Fathers of cleft lip and palate children differed from cleft palate teams in their judgements regarding the relative values of speech and cosmetic treatment outcomes. No such differences were found between team members and mothers, however. It is suggested that these differences affect the desirability of treatment decisions and the outcomes that follow from them. Therefore, cleft lip and palate treatment planning and the evaluation of alternative therapeutic interventions might be based on a mathematical theory of decision making that explicitly incorporates the subjective assessment of a child's habilitative needs and the goals of the habilitative process.


Editorial: A new feature in the cleft palate journal...clinical conference.


Social response to acoustic and visual characteristics of oral cleft. This study was concerned with societal preference among speech, visual, and speech-visual characteristics of persons with repaired cleft lip and palate. A 16 mm motion film with sound was professionally made of 17 male, adult, cleft lip and palate speakers reading the first paragraph from "The Rainbow Passage." A heterogeneous group of 30 adults rated their preference for each of the conditions-auditory, visual and auditory-visual-on a seven-point equal-appearing intervals scale. A four-factor design analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to determine whether the thirty judges preferred at least one variable of the three variables tested. Results indicated that this heterogenous population had no preference among auditory, visual, or auditory-visual characteristics of adult males with repaired cleft lip and palate. These variables appear to be considered of equal importance by persons who are representative of the lay public.


A cineradiographic investigation of velar movement variables in two normals. The purpose of this investigation was to study certain aspects of velar dynamics among normals. Two adult subjects, one male and one female, were filmed using high-speed (100 fps) lateral-view cineradiography. Small radiopaque cups were attached to the surface of the soft palate and other articulators for tracking purposes. Trajectories of the velar fleshpoint in the midsagittal plane were demonstrated. Measures of velar velocity, velar displacement, and duration of transitional movements were studied in relation to the effects of phonetic context and speaking rate variation and were compared to the activity of other articulators. Velar positioning also was studied during nasal consonant production in relation to the effects of vowel context.


Caries experience as predictor for caries incidence. The caries increment (filled surfaces) from the ages 7 to 15 years were compared in children with three or fewer (low prevalence group) or eight or more filled surfaces (high prevalence group) at the age of 8. The children participated in a fortnightly fluoride mouthrinsing program (10 ml of 0.2% NaF). Following 8 years of dental treatment and caries prophylaxis, the caries increments were 11.4 (s.d. = 7.7, n = 23 subjects) and 17.1 (s.d. = 9.6, n = 39 subjects) surfaces, i.e. significantly different (t = 2.376). Significantly (t = 4.034) more fillings had been required in the high than in the low prevalence group (31.1 +/- 17.1 vs. 15.5 +/- 9.6). The "risk group" could be identified at the ages of 7 to 8 by high caries prevalence and high ratio fillings/caries increment. Social class and number of teeth accounted more for the initial caries prevalence than for the caries increment. Correlation analyses revealed a significant, but not strong (r = 0.50), association between caries prevalence at the age of 7 and increment of fillings.


Percutaneous cordotomy.

Percutaneous cordotomy.


An evaluation of proposed revisions to the W.H.O. manual "Oral Health Surveys-Basic Methods". The authors describe the organization and results of an epidemiologic training program which formed part of a W.H.O. sponsored course in public health dentistry held in Malaysia in May-June 1975. Twenty-two participants from 16 countries took part. They had a wide variety of qualifications and training; only four had had previous experience in the conduct of an oral health survey. The method and criteria that were proposed for inclusion in the second edition of Oral Health Surveys - Basic Methods were tested in two calibration exercises and one field trial. The usefulness of most of the recommendations was confirmed. The main problem areas concern dentofacial anomalies, intense gingivitis and advanced periodontal involvement. A successful feature of the study was the practicability for public health planning of assessing requirements for treatment.


Prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical toothcleansing procedures. The prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical oral hygiene procedures was recorded and correlated to toothbrushing habits and oral hygiene status in two selected samples. Fifty-one percent of 533 persons examined exhibited gingival retractions and 45% had wedge-shaped defects in the cervical area of one or several teeth. Both types of lesions were often seen in the same area, indicating a common etiologic factor. The subjects with a good oral hygiene status, as well as those who brushed more than twice daily, showed a high frequency of lesions. The various toothbrushing techniques did not, however, seem to influence the development of such lesions in the present material. Subjective symptoms were reported in a few cases only.


A regression model analysis of longitudinal dental caries data. Longitudinal data on caries experience were derived from the reexamination and interview of a cohort of 306 subjects with an average follow-up period of 33 years after the baseline examination. Analysis of the data was accomplished by the use of contingency tables utilizing enumeration statistics compared with a multiple regression analysis. The analyses indicated a strong association of caries experience at one point in time with the caries experience of that same person earlier in life. The regression model approach offers adjustment of any given independent variable for the effect of all other independent variables, providing a powerful means of bias reduction. The model is also useful in separating out the specific effect of an independent variable over and above the contribution of other variables. The model used explained 35% of the variability in the DMFS scores recorded. Similar models could be useful adjuncts in the analyses of dental epidemiologic data.


Rapid diaphyseal destruction. An unusual osseous manifestation of chronic granulocytic leukemia. A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia developed an unusual rapidly progressive mid-diaphyseal femoral lesion. Differentiating this myeloblastic lesion from other round cell tumors is most reliably done by a Wright-Giemsa stained touch preparation. Prompt palliative therapy with long bone stabilization permitted the patient to remain ambulatory until shortly before his death.


A safe multipurpose pediatric ventilation bag.


Pins and posts--why, when and how.

Pins and posts--why, when and how. Pins and posts retain restorations and protect remaining tooth structure; they are indispensable to conservative operative dentistry. Effective utilization of these pin-post systems requires application of proper biomechanical principles for each clinical situation. No one design will suffice in every case. A parallel, serrated, cemented device in a precise matched channel is the ideal combination of characteristics. When tooth morphology or heavy function require increased retention, it may be achieved by increasing pin-post length, diameter, and number or by utilizing the resilience of dentin. However, the dentist must be aware that the price for more retention is the increasing risk of damaged tooth structure. Optimal long range results will be obtained by utilizing pins and posts in conjunction with veneer types of restorations. When used in this manner, they will save many teeth each year and simultaneously reduce the rate of failures.


Instruments and instrumentation to promote conservative operative dentistry.


Rationale for designing cavity preparations in light of current knowledge and technology. No restorative material presently available is as good as supported tooth structure and it is unlikely that a usable dental restorative material with the physical properties of enamel will ever be developed. The purpose of cavity preparation is to remove carious material and preserve sound tooth structure. Any additional removal of tooth structure is necessary for the convenience of the operator or because of limitations of the restorative materials. Presently available esthetic restorative systems for nonfunctional areas and selected anterior functional areas allow for designing cavity preparations where the only two considerations are removal of caries (and unsupported enamel) and placement of retentive features. The problem of cavity design for restoration of functional surfaces is not answered easily, but there is reasonable hope that in the near future an esthetic restorative material will be available that has the strength and other necessary properties to serve in functional areas. There should be no specific "ideal" design for cavity preparation. Each defect should be custom designed to remove the caries or defect and perform the additional steps necessitated by the limitations of the operator or restorative material. As advocated by Black in one of his later publications, it is necessary to make mouth-by-mouth and tooth-by-tooth judgements concerning the most desirable outline form to be obtained.


Conservative management of the gingival tissue for crowns.


A clinical view of dental amalgam.

A clinical view of dental amalgam.


The most conservative and longest lasting restorative service. At this time in the evolution of dentistry no single technique allows the conservative and long lasting service which compacted gold restorations will provide. This article has shown the various types of these restorations undertaken in busy, financially successful practices and has supported the routine use of this therapy by more practitioners. Various supplies, equipment, and devices have been suggested.


Conservative approach to the placement of retentive pins. A thorough understanding of the basic principles of cavity preparation and knowledge of tooth morphology are necessary for the successful positioning of pin channels in the tooth. Sufficient dentin surrounding the channel is necessary for adequate strength, to avoid external fractures of tooth structure and to protect the pulp. Once the channel location is decided upon, it should be made parallel with the external surface of the tooth rather than its long axis. It is suggested that the operator use only one pin per missing cusp of the tooth and that where possible this pin be placed in the area of the line angles. Optimal length of the pin into the restorative material is 2 mm and in the dentin is 2 to 3 mm for those retained by dentinal elasticity and 3 to 4 mm for those retained by cement. The use of a rubber dam for isolation procedures is encouraged, as well as radiographs and diagnostic casts to aid in the successful placement of retentive pins.


Conservative preparations for cast restorations. Partial veneer crowns still play a role in modern restorative dentistry. They must be used in the right situation with thoughtful treatment planning, and they must be done well in accordance with certain principles. Three-quarter crowns are less retentive than full crowns, but they can be used successfully as single unit restorations and retainers for short span bridges. Retention can be enhanced by the use of proximal boxes. The M.O.D. onlay, a modified inlay with occlusal coverage, minimizes the damaging effects of stress generated by occlusal forces. There is little indication for the use of M.O.D. inlays or large two surface inlays.


Control of the operating field.

Control of the operating field.


Let's define 'quality care'.

Let's define 'quality care'.


Diagnosis and treatment of pulpal distress. Both diagnosis and treatment of vital pulp tissues encompass some fairly comprehensive varieties of methods and materials. Diagnosis is arrived at in terms of probability. No one can be absolutely sure that the diagnosed degree of pulpal distress is in fact the actual state of affairs. Treatment, therefore, must be best be a probability also. There can be no guarantee that the treatment rendered will succeed in every instance. Any diagnosis and treatment of reversible pulpal distress is a gamble on the part of both practitioner and patient. However, utilization of every diagnostic means at his disposal, knowledge of the many treatment modalities available for use, and the ability to correlate both the diagnosis and treatment phases of a given case will result in a high probability of success. This is indeed rewarding to both the patient and the dentist.


Hiring an associate? Take a look at your practice.


Case presentation: keep it simple.

Case presentation: keep it simple.


My $600,000 malpractice battle. Part 2.

My $600,000 malpractice battle. Part 2.


Ten years to catch a thief. But what about the IRS? Part 1.


The name of the game is 'I care'.

The name of the game is 'I care'.


$9,000 has a lot of horsepower.

$9,000 has a lot of horsepower.


The $180 misunderstanding.

The $180 misunderstanding.


Who needs group practice? Not the GP's!

Who needs group practice? Not the GP's!


All it takes is 8 minutes a day.

All it takes is 8 minutes a day.


Inform before you perform.

Inform before you perform.


There's something new in disability insurance.


What price goodwill?

What price goodwill?


Third party payment--invitation to fraud?


Ten years to catch a thief...now what about the IRS? Part 2.


Dental assistants are people, too.

Dental assistants are people, too.


The 'secret' behind a happy dental office.


Does dentistry drive you nuts? Or do nuts...


Revolution in Indiana. No third party.

Revolution in Indiana. No third party.


Now, about that check...

Now, about that check...


What doctors tell us in Michigan and Indiana.


My $600,000 malpractice battle. Part 1.

My $600,000 malpractice battle. Part 1.


I love my stereo earphones.

I love my stereo earphones.


How much is a fee?

How much is a fee?


Is your appointment schedule in tune with your 'body clock'?


Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme pattern in normal and malignant human cells in vitro.


The ivory tower attitude and you.

The ivory tower attitude and you.


Continuing education.

Continuing education. The greatest fault in current dental education is that for many dentists education ceases with graduation. It should instead be a lifetime process beginning with the undergraduate course and progressing through clinical experience alternating with continuing education. The ultimate objective should be good oral health for the population but in many cases the service provided falls short of the ideal taught at dental school. Education alone will not solve this problem. Other factors such as job satisfaction, pay and superannuation, general policy and the organization of the individual surgery play a part. Planning of continuing education should start with a comparative analysis of dental care as it is and as one would like it to be. At the undergraduate level the concentration must be on theoretical knowledge and the practice of clinical skills. Growing clinical experience will develop these skills and will also give rise to new feelings about work, patients and the world around. Continuing education must update the dentist's theoretical knowledge which is then advanced at collective sessions. Although voluntary, more than 20 per cent of all private dentists in Sweden are currently taking part in this programme.


Acute myelogenous leukaemia presenting as massive pleural effusion.


Open meeting of the Commission on Dental Education. 'What went wrong with my dental education?' A look back at the undergraduate course. In this paper, my own undergraduate course from 1961 to 1966 at Guy's Hospital, London, is described and the merits and shortcomings of this course discussed. Subsequent alterations and future improvements to the course are considered. The various teaching methods are appraised and a closer relationship between the preclinical and clinical parts of the course is advocated. The introduction to clinical procedures and the block system of clinical teaching is considered. The overemphasis of the repetitive performance of simple clinical procedures and the time taken up doing laboratory work is criticized. The teaching of general anaesthetic administration with its lack of instruction in resuscitation and other emergency measures is deplored and the removal of this from the undergraduate course is suggested. The increasing importance attached to preventive dentistry is welcomed and the unique experience in preliminary diagnosis afforded by a dental casualty department is commended. Examination techniques are discussed and a compromise between external examination and continuous internal assessment is suggested. In conclusion, the importance of the evaluation of the course in totality is stressed, so that the overall development of the student into a self-reliant, responsible and ethical professional can be assessed. The necessity of frequent review and amendment of the curriculum is advocated if it is to remain relevant to the changing requirements of dental practice.


What can be done to correct deficiencies in the undergraduate course? Teachers should cease to be mere dispensers of facts, being rather guides to sources of information. They should be ruthless in discarding from the undergraduate course all irrelevant material and material which duplicates information or technical instruction already provided in other courses. Emphasis must be transferred from the individual tooth or tissue to the total care of the patient and this may necessitate much greater cooperation and integration between courses and departments. Time can be saved by generous provision of technical and chairside assistance. Motivation of the student is best achieved by the earliest possible introduction to clinical practice and the progressive delegation to him of clinical responsibility as his skills and knowledge develop. Self instructional material must be freely available but care must be taken to preserve and develop the capacity for communication, both oral and written, by the student to his patients and his community. Transition from undergraduate to practitioner can be made easier by conducting some part of the clinical course in institutions outside the dental school or by establishing modified practices conducted by students so far as the legal provisions of each country allow.


Dental aspects of the consumption of xylitol and fructose diets. 126 voluntary test persons, divided into three groups, were put for two years on a strict diet with regard to the sweetener used (sucrose, fructose, and xylitol). The test persons were investigated in the frame of a versatile clinical, radiographical, biochemical, microbiological, and medical research plan. The consumption of the fructose and xylitol diets did not result in any pathological changes in the test persons' whole saliva,  plaque, blood, and urine samples. The consumption of the xylitol diet reduced the incidence of dental caries by approximately 90 per cent when compared to sucrose consumption. In the fructose group the reduction was 30 per cent. Xylitol consumption reduced the growth of dental plaque by 50 per cent during the whole two-year period. It also reduced the concentration of lactate in plaque and whole saliva and the ability of plaque and whole saliva to yield reducing sugars from sucrose. Simultaneously, the activity of the salivary lactoperoxidase was strongly increased. These and certain other dentally advantageous chemical changes indicated that the mechanism of the xylitol effect is dual, being partly systemic and related to a selective effect on the production of salivary enzymes and on the electrolyte concentration of whole saliva, and partly local, depressing the growth of cariogenic and certain other microorganisms.


The assessment of needs for periodontal treatment. The purpose of epidemiology is 'to guide the administration in the provision of health services' (MacMahon and Pugh, 1970). The provision of systematic treatment of periodontal disease has been hampered by the lack of a suitable system for calculating manpower and costs involved in the treatment of population groups. Recently, the Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS) has been suggested to meet with these requirements (Johansen, Gjermo & Bellini, 1973: Bellini and Gjermo, 1973). The principles of the system are explained and discussed. Moreover, it is emphasized that the prevention of periodontal disease as well as caries should be the paramount goal of the public dental health services. A possible method for early diagnosis and preventive treatment of high risk subjects is suggested.


Open meeting of the Commission on Dental Education. 'What went wrong with my dental education?' Introduction.


Caries control through the use of sugar substitutes. The purpose of the paper is to describe the essential findings in two clinical trials, carried out in order to evaluate differences in the caries increment rate as influenced by various sugars. The first study involved almost complete substitution of sucrose (S) by fructose (F) or xylitol (X) during a period of 2 years. The second study comprised partial substitution, the effects of a S- or X-containing chewing gum being compared during 1 year. In the first study there were no significant differences initially between the sugar groups; 35 subjects in the S-group, 38 in the F-group, and 52 in the X-group. During the entire study 10 subjects discontinued or were excluded. After 2 years the mean increment of decayed, missed and filled tooth surfaces was 7-2 in the S-group, 3-8 in the F-group, and 0-0 in the X-group. The second study comprised initially 102 subjects, predominantly dental and medical sutdents, divided randomly into S- and X-groups. During the study 2 subjects were excluded. The subjects consumed 4-0 chewing gums per day in the S-group and correspondingly 4-8 in the X-group. The frequency of sucrose intake was 4-24 times per day in the S-group, and 4-94 in the X-group. The caries incidence assess independently by clinical and radiographical means, equalled the 1-year observations in the first study. The results show a massive reduction of the caries increment not only in relation to total, but also in connection with partial substitution of dietary sucrose and low xylitol consumption. The first study indicates fructose to be somewhat less cariogenic than sucrose. In view of the findings in the chewing gum study it is suggested that the non- and anticariogenic properties of xylitol principally depend on its lack of suitability for microbial  metabolism and the physico-chemical effects in plaque and saliva brought about through low and repeated dosage.


Innovations in dental education in the United States. The amount of information which dental teachers wish students to absorb creates undesirable congestion of the curriculum. Individuals learn at different rates and if the course is designed for the average student, the better students are insufficiently challenged while the poor learner is left floundering. This problem is being met by the development of flexible, individualized instruction. As a result teachers are obliged to examine critically their goals and functions. If objectives are set for each course, teaching is planned to meet the objectives and methods of evaluation developed which are meaningful to the student, many of the criticisms laid by dentists against their education will be met. During the last decade the teaching of community dentistry has been developed in almost all dental schools as has the emphasis laid on preventive dentistry. In clinical teaching students are being introduced to patient care at an earlier stage resulting in better motivation and greater enthusiasm for the earlier parts of the course. Comprehensive patient care, the importance of occlusal dysfunction, the care of the handicapped and the utilization of auxiliary personnel are other areas of increasing importance. A significant development is the growing provision for an elective period during which the student may pursue his own particular interest.


Cell-mediated immune responsiveness of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission. Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission and undergoing either chemotherapy or immunotherapy were tested for general cell-mediated immunocompetence and cell-mediated reactivity to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) using the following parameters: skin tests with recall antigens and extracts of lymphoblastoid cell lines; primary sensitization to dinitrofluorobenzene and picryl chloride; in vitro tranformation by mitogens and PPD; and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against a lymphoblastoid cell line and a panel of cryopreserved leukemic blasts. Reactivity in all assays of children on continuous chemotherapy was significantly depressed compared to similar patients later in the study. Patients on intermittent chemotherapy demonstrated much less immunodepression. The groups tested early during immunotherapy with BCG and allogeneic leukemic blasts were hyper-responsive (compared to published data) to primary sensitization with picryl chloride. Skin test reactivity to recall antigens and to tumor-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines was suppressed (as analyzed serial comparison) in this hyperimmunized group, possibly due to antigenic competition, and reactivity in all other assays was normal. The patients tested after 2-8 years of immunotherapy showed significantly higher positive skin-test responses to extracts of tumor-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines as compared to the other groups. The results of this multiphasic screen support the known effects of chemotherapy on immunocompetence. Moreover, they document the prompt return of immunocompetence with intermittent chemotherapy and during immuno-therapy. These results do not, however, indicate a striking augmentation of the immune response during immunotherapy as measured by these parameters.


Jewish concentration camp survivors in Norway.


Long-term psychodiagnostic and clinical follow-up of three cases of temporal lobectomy.


Pathological patterns of identification in families of survivors of the Holocaust.


Evidence for autosomal meiotic drive in the butterfly Danaus chrysippus L.


The effect of larval selection on adult resistance to DDT in two strains of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L). Evidence is presented which confirms the influence of linkage group II on adult DDT-resistance in one strain of Aedes aegypti (Bangkok-MR) but not in another strain (Bangkok-HR).


Effect of gene dispersion on estimates of components of generation means and variances. The components of generation means that measure gene action and interaction at homozygous loci have expectations that depend on the degree of association or dispersion of alleles of like effect at different loci. With anything less than complete association, estimates of these components do not necessarily reflect the relative directions, magnitudes or kinds of gene action or interaction present. To illustrate these expected consequences, the F1, F2 and backcross generation of two contrasting crosses between pairs of inbred lines of Nicotiana rustica have been raised in which the same alleles are segregating at the same loci but for loci contributing to variation in final height the alleles of like effect are predominantly associated in one cross and predominantly dispersed in the other. The simultaneous analysis of the data from the two crosses show all the expected effects of the differences in the degree of association or dispersion. In the dispersion cross the effects of gene action at homozygous loci are underestimated and the interaction between homozygous loci is not detected at all. The large directional dominance component that is common to both crosses is in fact no greater than the additive component once the deflating effect of dispersion is removed, thus ruling out the presence of overdominance. No effects of association or dispersion on the components of variation could be detected nor would any be expected unless there were differences in the predominant linkage phase between the two crosses. Large and predictable effects on estimates of the number of effective factors are, however, demonstrable.


Editorial: Factors affecting the natural history and survival in acute leukemia.


A new sex-linked mutant short wing in Aedes aegypti. A spontaneous recessive sex-linked mutant short wing has been discovered in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. It is situated less than one cross-over unit from the sex determining locus. In homozygous females, flight is impaired and the survival and fecundity is markedly subnormal. Two possible uses of this gene for genetic control operations are envisaged: (a) to provide automatic sexing of males for release and (b) enhancement of the population control potential of other available genetics systems.


Factors affecting the natural history and survival in acute leukaemias in adolescents and adults observed in Kerala State.


Editorial: Self-interested education in prevention.


The future of dental education in Canada.


Effects of teacher training.

Effects of teacher training.


Federal income tax returns by dentists.

Federal income tax returns by dentists.


Uniform coding system and standard claim form.


Intradermal naevus: report of a case.

Intradermal naevus: report of a case.


CDA Task Force on Continuing Education.

CDA Task Force on Continuing Education.


Developing infant occlusion, related feeding methods and oral habits. Part I: methodology and results at 4 and 8 months.


Developing infant occlusion, related feeding methods and oral habits. Part II: discussion and conclusions.


Cementum in cleidocranial dysostosis.

Cementum in cleidocranial dysostosis.


Management of an odontogenic ketatocyst: report of a case.


Considerations in the treatment of patients with multiple teeth with furcation involvements.


The University of Colorado school of dentistry extramural expanded function (auxiliary) training program.


7-Hydroxymethotrexate as a urinary metabolite in human subjects and rhesus monkeys receiving high dose methotrexate. Human subjects and rhesus monkeys receiving the antitumor agent methotrexate at the high dose levels recently introduced into clinical use (greater than 50 mg/kg) excrete significant amounts of the metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate. The metabolite is not detected in these species after methotrexate therapy at conventional dose levels. The evidence indicates that in primates, the in vivo conversion of methotrexate to 7-hydroxymethotrexate is a dose-dependent phenomenon, with the enzyme system(s) catalyzing the reaction having a low affinity for the drug.


The effect of periodontal dressings on the healthy periodontium. Twenty-seven proprietory periodontal dressings were applied to the lower labial segments of 18 subjects showing low levels of gingival inflammation when assessed by the Gingival Index system at the time of application. Specimens of each dressing type were subsequently removed at intervals ranging from 3 h to 5 days. The material adhering to the deep surface of the dressing was examined by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and was shown to be a complex heterogeneous structure consisting of large intact epithelial cell sheets and oral bacteria in a proteinaceous matrix. Possible mechanisms which could contribute the epithelial cell and protein components to this structure were discussed. It was concluded that the dressings themselves caused little damage to the normal periodontium but could be associated with increased levels of inflammation at longer time intervals because of bacterial growth. The significance of these findings to current clinical practice is discussed.


The oral pathology laboratory: adjunct to diagnosis.


The role of the oral biology component of the University of Colorado school of dentistry.


The proposed extension service program of the University of Colorado school of dentistry.


Attitudes of Colorado dentists concerning expanding the functions of dental auxiliaries.


Help your patients--check their hypertension.


A new approach to dosimetry of dental x-ray machines.


Which hat should today's dentist wear--doctor, lawyer or Indian chief?


Forensic dentistry.

Forensic dentistry.


Dentists and their hobbies--part II.

Dentists and their hobbies--part II.


Incomplete crown-root fracture in pulpal-periodontal disease.


Arapahoe County dental health care delivery system.


Mercury hygiene in the dental office.

Mercury hygiene in the dental office.


The basic expanded duty dental auxillary--Western Colorado Dental Society.


Status of fluoridation in Colorado: 1975.


Surgical oral pathology at the university of Colorado school of dentistry: a survey of 400 cases.


A study in dental economics: characteristics of practice and determination of fees.


Dental malpractice experience in Colorado.


Intraosseous injection for profound anesthesia of the lower molar.


Colorado dental service--Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Colorado; a review of relationships.


Osteogenic sarcoma arising in an old burn scar. An osteogenic sarcoma arising in an old burn scar on the right thigh of a 70-year-old woman is described. Salient features of this rare cutaneous tumor were: a large pinkish exophytic mass, spindle and oval cells, multiple foci or osteoid formation, atypical osteoblasts and multinucleated giant cells.


Summary of variables for dental silver-amalgam.


Adult hypodontia: a method of rehabilitation.


The dimensional changes of elastomeric impression materials under various conditions of humidity.


'Molarization' of the mandibular second premolars.


A technique for screening implant materials in the rat.


Studies on polycarboxylates and related cements. 3. Molecular weight determinations.


Detection of prostaglandins in bovine gingival tissue. It has been characterized earlier that bovine gingival lipids contain a fairly high level of arachidonic acid, a potential precursor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether prostaglandins are natural components of bovine gingival tissues. Qualitative analysis of the lipid extract by a combination of thin-layer chromatography on plain and silver nitrate-impregnated silical gel plates and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy strongly indicate the presence of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2. There was also an indication for the occurrence of other prostaglandins, such as PGB, PGE3, PGF1, and PGF3.


Cementum regeneration in replanted teeth with differing pulp treatment. Cementum regeneration on exposed dentinal root surfaces of replanted teeth not subjected to replantation. The implication was that secondary reattachment of replanted teeth was largely dependent on the status of supporting alveolar tissues. The role of the replant appeared essentially passive, reacting as a substrate for cementum deposition that may be more or less acceptable to the regenerating periodontal tissues as dictated by the extraoral history. Although the pattern of cementum deposition was unaltered by replantation, the quantity of new cementum deposited on exposed dentin did appear to be affected by pulpal treatment; thus, an indication was given that survival of replanted teeth may be influenced by pulpal procedures.


Evaluation of instructional materials for teaching psychomotor skills. An investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of self-instructional materials for a cavity preparation procedure using two types of dental auxiliaries under assisted and unassisted instructional conditions. Results showed significant pretest to posttest performance gains, with the instruction proving equally effective across both types of auxiliaries and instructional conditions.


Gold-nickel alloys in dental prostheses. A gold-nickel master alloy was prepared by arc melting in an inert atmosphere and from it, mechanical test specimens and dental prostheses were made by centrifugal casting. The cast alloy had a yield strength of about 7,400 kg/cm2, with an elongation of 12%. The alloy was clinically tested in the form of partial dentures and crown and bridge materials. For the 32-month period these prostheses have been in use, no tissue reaction, tarnish, or corrosion had been observed.


Editorial: The information explosion and scientific communication.


Cusp size sexual dimorphism, and the heritability of maxillary molar cusp size in twins. The data given on the cusp size of maxillary first permanent and second primary molars support the following conclusions. The qualitative literature on cusp size hierarchy requires revision because the quantitative data suggest that the mesiolingual cusp is largest, the distobuccal cusp second largest, the mesiobuccal cusp third largest, and the distolingual cusp smallest. Sexual dimorphism is apparent only when reflected as a collective measure of total occlusal area, a summation of cusp and ridge sizes. Antimere variations are random for individual cusps and collective measures of total occlusal areas mask observable right-side, left-side cuspal variations. Similarly, cross-twin and co-twin analyses of cusp size heritability indicate a low level of hereditary variability.


Influence of amalgam, alloy, and mercury on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans: I. Biological test system. A procedure is presented for the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans in a dextrose-beef extract medium. Growth was estimated spectrophotometrically. The amount of amalgam, alloy, or mercury that was added to the sealed test tube influenced the rate and extent of growth.


Continuous culture studies on the growth and physiology of Streptococcus mutans. We examined the effects of nutritional limitations on the production of lactic acid by Streptococcus mutans grown at low growth rates in continuous culture. Lactic acid production was greater in nitrogen- and phosphate-limited continuous cultures than in glucose-limited conditions. These results are correlated with the release of calcium from enamel in cellfree broths from various fermentations.


Dental specialties do have a future.

Dental specialties do have a future.


Experimental carcinogenesis in duct-artery ligated rat submandibular gland. In an attempt to shorten tumor induction time and alter tumor anaplasticity, ductal metaplasia was induced in the submandibular gland of 30 rats by ligation of the duct and artery followed by the implanation of 4-mg pellets of pure DMBA. Control groups consisted of 19-ligated and 15-DMBA implanted rats. The ligate controls showed degeneration and atrophy of the affected gland and replacement of glandular tissue by scar tissue. The DMBA controls followed the expected pattern, with all rats eventually developing well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The CMBA-ligated rats showed a combination of the two processes, each acting separately from the other. There was no difference either in induction time or tumor anaplasticity between the DMBA control rats and the DMBA-ligated rats. It seems that only factors relating to a change in the immunologic response of the host affect the latent period of tumor induction time in submandibular gland carcinogenesis.


Radiology self-teaching video-tape programs (RSVP) in a diagnostic radiology course.


Collagenolytic activity of crevicular fluid from pericoronal gingival flaps. Fluids from normal and inflamed gingival flap tissues, overlying partially erupted lower third molars, were incubated on reconstituted collagen gels and examined for collagenase activity. Collagenase activity was observed only in fluids originating from tissues with pericoronitis. However, when fluids from clinically normal tissues were treated with NaSCN, some also showed collagenase activity. Only the fluids from normal-looking tissues with a history of pericoronitis showed collagenase activity after NSCN treatment. No enzyme activity was observed in treated or untreated fluids from normal tissue from patients with no history of pericoronitis. It was concluded that the fluid collagenase activity originated from the adjacent gingival tissue because (1) the activity of the untreated fluid observed in this study seemed to parallel the acitivity of the adjacent gingival tissue, based on our observations in a previous study; (2) NaSCN affected the fluid collagenase in the same way that others found it to affect gingival tissue collagenase; and (3) the disc gel electrophoretic pattern of the breakdown products of collagen produced by the GCF enzyme was similar to that produced by gingival tissue collagenase and differed from that produced by a bacterial collagenase reported to exist in human gingival fluid.


Role of sucrose in colonization of Streptococcus mutans in conventional Sprague-Dawley rats. The role of sucrose in the colonization of S mutans strain 6715 in conventional Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. A diet with 56% sucrose favored the oral colonization of the test strain compared to diets with 56% glucose or fructose or to laboratory chow as determined by recoveries from extracted teeth ground in tissue grinders. S mutans strain 6715 cells became well established in all rats fed a high sucrose diet with cell inoculums ranging from 10(8) to the lowest effective dose of 10(5) CFU once orally administered; in rats on nonsucrose diets, inoculation with even the highest dose only infrequently resulted in the establishment of S mutans strain 6715. Sucrose- and glucose- grown cells appeared to behave similarly. Colonization of S mutans strain 6715 occurred in all rats fed diets with a sucrose content ranging from 56 to as low as 1%. The establishment of S mutans strain 6715 on the teeth of rats fed diets with a sucrose concentration of 0.1 or 0.01% was impaired and comparable to the diet containing 56% glucose. In rats fed a high glucose diet, uniform establishment and persistence of the test strain occurred after frequent inoculations with about 5 X 10(8) CFU. The colonization under these conditions appeared to be independent of the intestinal canal as a bacterial cell source. These data suggest the possibility that S mutans can establish itself in the human mouth in the absence of dietary sucrose. In rats fed a high glucose diet and inoculated with 10(7) CFU or less, the cells gradually disappeared from the teeth; in contrast, the test strain implanted well in rats fed the sucrose favors firmer attachment of initially weakly attached cells via in situ new glucan synthesis. S mutans strain 6715 also appeared to have some affinity for teeth in the absence of dietary sucrose that may be of ecological significance. Once firmly established in rats fed a high sucrose diet, S mutans strain 6715 maintained itself in high numbers on the teeth after a switch to a high glucose diet during a 14-week period.


Utilizing learning theory to promote effectiveness of instruction in preclinical operative dentistry. In comparing two methods of instruction, one must be cautious about forming conclusions because of certain variables which can influence results. Such variables are differences in populations, in instructor effectiveness, and in availability of instructional aids. The comparison does, however, demonstrate differences between the two groups. The fact that the entire class taught by the modified course passed the proficiency examination after nine trials, compared to 12 for those from the traditional course, is not in itself significant. The impressive fact is that in the early trials the rate of students who qualified for clinical practice was nearly doubled in the learning theory group. This might imply that the learning theory group demonstrated a greater degree of problem-solving ability because of opportunities for discovery learning within the course. Since both classes were given the proficiency examination approximately two-and-a-half months after they had completed the preclinical course, it would seem that the learning theory design resulted in retention of the objectives of the course by a significant number of students. Consequently, it is the authors' opinion that the learning theory design provided a more effective method of instruction. Clinical operative dentistry consists of highly intricate procedures which for their successful completion require complex psychomotor responses in the operator. Therefore a program of instruction in operative dentistry must be highly effective. When such a program is organized, utilization of learning theory principles, especially those of skill learning, may aid in achieving this goal.


Experience with a self-instructional oral cancer course in continuing education.


Plasmid DNA satellite bands seen in lysates of Streptococcus mutans that form insoluble extracellular polysaccharides. A satellite band of plasmid DNA was seen in cell lysates prepared from two strains of S mutans using buoyant-density equilibrium centrifugation. Mutants, defective in their ability to synthesize insoluble extracellular polysaccharides, showed no detectable satellite DNA band when prepared by the same procedure. These mutants were induced by treatment with EB, acridine orange, or SDS, which are known to be effective agents for the elimination of extrachromosomal genetic inheritance. The derived mutants produced more soluble polysaccharides from sucrose than their parent strains. The decreased ability to synthesize insoluble polysaccharides was related to both glucan and fructan formation. These findings suggest that the plasmid DNA of the S mutans strains genetically controls formation or activity of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of extracellular insoluble glucan or fructan.


Clinical studies of dental cements: V. Recall evaluation and a zinc phosphate cement. Patients with restorations cemented with a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement and a zinc phosphate cement were recalled after a four- to seven-year interval. No significant differences in clinical success were observed between restoration luted with the two cements. No significant difference in the incidence of caries at the restoration margins was noted between the cements.


Potential use of one-phase (methyl methacrylate) in dental implants. Three techniques were studied to control the porosity and the pore size of the one-phase PMMA matrix, namely light sintering and the use of hydroxyapatite- or NaCl-filler. These techniques alleviate the problems of residual monomer inherent in the two-phase PMMA system. A two-step light sintering technique with a solid polymer core and porous outer layer showed improvement in the overall mechanical properties and good potential for anatomical implants. The NaCl-filled PMMA was found to give the best overall mechanical properties and control of porosity. The mechanical properties of the filled, water-equilibrated composites were close to literature values of dry PMMA systems except for a noticeable drop in their modulus. In the instance of hydroxyapatite, the 20 wt %-filled PMMA composites with 35-mesh particle size suffered a substantial loss in their mechanical properties and physical integrity after soaking for one week in water. Polymer-filler particle size ratio should be taken into consideration in compounding in order to obtain the desired filler distribution (either random or network).


Barriers to identification and motivation of minority group members for dentistry. The barriers preventing dental students from pursuing dental careers are formidable, and the lack of commitment is really the major one. Before future students can become informed and motivated and can commit themselves to a career in dentistry, they must see the full sustained and honest commitment of those who teach and advise them, as well as of those who practice the profession. Once assured of this, they can proceed together with the profession to dismantle the other barriers.


Recruitment into dentistry: the results of a recent national study of dental education in Canada.


Trial State Boards as a teaching technique. Trial State Boards call upon the dental hygiene student to pull together all the skills and knowledge accumulated during the course of studies before facing the actual Board of Dental Examiners. It has been the experience of many in the field of dental hygiene education that the anxiety created in a testing situation is largely a result of unknowns. At the Ohio State University, the Trial State Board is viewed as an effective means of eliminating some of the anxiety (by eliminating some of the unknowns) and thereby of helping the student to be more relaxed and to emerge with a more accurate evaluation of his or her abilities in terms of taking the licensing examination. Although this process is time consuming, the results seem well worth the time. For the clinical faculty the review by dentists, who do not normally see the students in the clinic, is of great value. Once the testing is over and the dentists have completed their evaluations and comments, these are reviewed by the members of the clinical faculty. A specialized program can be worked out for each student needing additional help to correct any deficiency before graduation. For some the idea of holding a Trial State Board will be a new concept in the traiing of dental hygiene students. For others it may already be part of the training program. For all involved in the education of members of the health professions it is worth considering as both a teaching tool and a learning experience.


Prenatal rotational field involving deciduous lateral incisors.


Working time of polymeric restorative materials. The validity of determining the working times of polymeric restorative materials with the use of rheologic methods in the laboratory has been investigated by measuring the adaptation of polymeric restorative materials to artificial cavities when inserted at 30-second time intervals during their setting reactions. There was significant deterioration in adaptation during the working times which suggests that small changes in viscosity early in the setting reactions radically affect the materials' mobility.


Trial experience in a new course in jurisprudence.


Study on the composition of bovine gingival lipids. The lipids in bovine gingival tissue were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively. The total lipid content was 2.35% on wet weight. The total nonpolar lipids and total polar lipids were 70.69 and 29.31% of the total lipids, respectively. Cholesterol esters, free fatty acids, and triglycerides were the major nonpolar lipids. Polar lipids were predominantly phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. Traces of glycolipids, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine, and prostaglandins were present. Oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were found to be the major fatty acids in all lipid classes. Cholesterol esters, total polar lipids, and free fatty acids were more unsaturated than glycerides. Linolenic and arachidonic acid contents were highest in cholesterol esters and total polar lipids.


Aging changes in the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint in the guinea pig. The development of cartilage cells was investigated in the articular disks of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ disk) from two groups of guinea pigs age 1 month and 2 years old. There is strong evidence that the presence of chondrocytes in the TMJ disks of the older group of guinea pigs is the result of a biological aging phenomenon and is not related to pathologically induced changes.


Clearing of teeth for study and demonstration of pulp.


Solubilization of interfering tin precipitate in bacterial growth media.


Editorial: ADA services are there waiting for you.


Modulus of elasticity and strength properties of dental cements. The modulus of elasticity of commercial dental cements was determined by an optical strain gauge method. Values of compressive and tensile strengths also were measured. Of the cements of primary consistency tested, a noneugenol zinc oxide cement had the lowest mechanical properties. A zinc phosphate cement had the highest value of compressive strength and modulus, but a zinc polyacrylate cement had the highest tensile strength. A zinc polyacrylate cement base had the highest tensile strength, but a zinc phosphate cement base had the highest compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. A calcium hydroxide liner had higher mechanical properties than an unmodified ZOE liner.


Odontogenic proliferation after parabiosis in phenotype: OP rats.


Prevention for us: an ADA bureau of safety services?


Zinc polycarboxylate cements: a chemical study of erosion and its relationship to molecular structure. Experimental results show that the rate of elution of Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions from polycarboxylate cements decrease with the cement's age. This phenomenon is explained by the setting reaction in which these cations are liberated from the oxide powder by an exchange with protons from the polyacid and in this state are vulnerable to water leaching. Subsequently, these cations become bound to the polyanion chain and become more resistant to water leaching. Magnesium ions are more easily hydrolyzed than zinc ions because they are less strongly bound to the polyanion chain. Zinc ions are apparently more strongly bound to a polyacid which is a copolymer of acrylic and itaconic acids, than to the homopolymer of acrylic acid. The pattern of elution of ions differs between the different cements, so that measurements after 24 hours cannot be used to predict long-term durability on a comparative basis. This coupled with the slow but continuous loss of ions makes a 24-hour test of doubtful validity. Polycarboxylate cements absorb water that is present in the matrix in loosely bound and tightly bound forms. The ionization of the polyacid to a polyanion during the course of the reaction apparently creates a demand for water, and the cement where the COOH:C ratio in the polyacid is highest absorbs the most water.


Letter: New age-assessing method.

Letter: New age-assessing method.


Action of Streptococcus mutans on fluorotic dental enamel.


Letter: Reference service for serums.

Letter: Reference service for serums.


Masseteric silent period after tooth contact in full denture wearers.


An apparatus for measuring the rheological properties of dental materials. An indirect extrusion capillary viscometer has been developed. This has been tested for nonsetting Newtonian fluids and was found to give results close to, but slightly lower than the actual viscosity. The same apparatus has been successfully applied to a non-Newtonian fluid to determine the dependence of viscosity on shear rate. The technique described should meet the requirements for assessing the rheological characteristics important in the mixing and setting of dental materials. The developed viscometer must be coupled with a sensitive mechanical testing machine capable of an adequate range of crosshead speeds that can be changed rapidly. By obtaining force vs time curves at different shear rates for setting materials, viscosity can be calculated as a function of time. Also, the viscosity at any given time during the setting process can be calculated as a function of shear rate. This chould be of aid in the interpretation of changes in rheological properties during setting of dental materials.


Studies of the mechanism of sucrose-associated colonization of Streptococcus mutans on teeth of conventional rats. The mechanism of the colonization of S mutans strain 6715 on teeth in the presence of sucrose has been investigated using conventional Sprague-Dawley rats. Experiments were performed using rats fed diets with 56% sucrose or 56% glucose; oral inoculations with sucrose-grown, extracellular glucan-coated cells and glucose-grown, uncoated cells; and teeth treated with dextran 2000 via its incorportation in the diet, or teeth left untreated. In all instances, sucrose was required for satisfactory colonization of the test strain. Preformed extracellular glucan, whether associated with the bacterial cell or with the tooth surface, did not facilitate bacterial colonization when compared with cells or teeth devoid of extracellular glucan under the conditions used. The evidence suggests that glucan-mediated attachment of S mutans strain 6715 in the presence of sucrose involves an initial phase in which the cells are relatively weakly associated with the tooth surface and a subsequent phase during which firmer attachment occurs via new glucan synthesis.


Letter: Greater objectivity needed.

Letter: Greater objectivity needed.


National dental curriculum study: progress report.


1976 ICD journalism awards.

1976 ICD journalism awards.


Composite plain talk.

Composite plain talk.


Comparison of posterior teeth.

Comparison of posterior teeth. Patients compared the mechanical efficiency of certain types of posterior teeth. Patients, allowed to choose the denture that was most comfortable and the most stable, and that performed the best, all selected the nonanatomic tooth form. Women selected the dentures with the flat occlusal posterior teeth and men preferred the posterior teeth with metal inserts. On the basis of this small sampling of patients treated with anatomic and nonanatomic posterior teeth, I suggest that favorable results would be obtained if nonanatomical teeth were used to construct dentures for all age groups. If, in addition to good function, we can provide an esthetically pleasing,nonanatomic type posterior tooth, we will have achieved our goal in the construction of fine dentures.


Effects of occlusal forms on pressure and bending during mastication with complete dentures.


Two-year clinical evaluation of a pit and fissure sealant. Part II. Caries initiation and progression. For the study, 479 paired permanent teeth and 20 paired deciduous teeth were coated under controlled clinical conditions with Nuva-Seal. A red dye was added to assist in placement and subsequent evaluation over a two-year period. Eighty-four children (ages 10 to 14) participated in the study. Caries was evaluated 3, 6, 12, and 24 months later with the same rating scale used at the baseline examination (0, caries free, to 4, severe caries), except when the sealant was found completely present and intact; then caries evaluation was limited to visual inspection through the sealant. The caries rate for control teeth was 6.9% at 3 months, 16.1% at 6 months, 26.4% at 12 months, and 37.6% at 24 months. Corresponding percent effectiveness figures for the sealant were 63.6%, 66.6%, 61.7%, and 54.6%, respectively. At 24 months, effectiveness rates for all types of teeth were at least 52% with the exception of the maxillary second molars (only 27% sealant effectiveness). Overall, caries protection as reflected by percent effectiveness was higher for mandibular teeth and premolars than for maxillary teeth and molars. There was significant effect on the incidence of dental caries when the sealant remained completely intact. Percentage effectiveness rates in this case were 90.7% at 12 months and 90.9% at 24 months. There was little gain or loss in caries protection when the sealant was partially or completely missing. Twenty-four percent of the children had a positive net gain or treatment effect at three months. This increased to 52% at 6 months, 62% at 12 months, and 70% at 24 months. With the use of half-mouth caries rates, the corresponding figures for positive treatment effects were slightly higher (30%, 64%, 70%, and 80% respectively).


Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral soft tissues: a statistical analysis of 14,253 cases by age, sex, and race of patients. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequently occurring malignant tumor of the oral structures, accounting for about 90% of the total number of malignant oral lesions. Among 14,253 cases of soft tissue squamous cell carcinomas of the oral area in the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, the most common locations are the lower lip (38% of the cases) and the tongue (21%). In the past few years, however, the number of carcinomas of the floor of mouth has been increasing. Our material also shows a definite trend of the carcinomas to develop in patients of an age group 10 years younger than has been previously reported.


The root-retained complete denture.

The root-retained complete denture.


Endodontic treatment of a horizontal impaction.


Floride uptake by root dentin after immersion in 2% NaF solution with iontophoresis.


Computerized placement in dentistry: the Minnesota experience. In response to identified manpower information and service requirements, the Minnesota Dental Association, the board of dentistry, and the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry established the Dental Information Service Center in 1972. One major effort of the center was to develop a computerized placement service for dentistry in the state. This service was recently subjected to a user evaluation. Of 1,030 delivered questionnaires, 431 were returned in response to a single mailing. The respondents included 216 employers and 215 employees, including dentists seeking positions. Dental employers generally found the system to be their most successful strategy in the search for employees; from the perspective of employees, other sources such as personal contact competed with the computerized system as the most successful source of information. Evidence from this evaluation indicates that the computerized placement experience in Minnesota has been quite positive. Dentists have relied on the service somewhat more heavily than other dental occupational groups, possibly because alternate sources of information traditionally have not served the health professions. Overall satisfaction ran quite high, and an overwhelming majority of the respondents thought that the service should be continued and expanded to either a regional or a national level.


Status report on precision attachments. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


Composite restorative materials: some clinical suggestions for their use. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


American Dental Association Principles of Ethics with official advisory opinions as revised. Council on Judicial Procedures, Constitution and Bylaws.


Code on dental procedures and nomenclature. Council on Dental Care Programs.


Erythraemic myelosis in a thalassaemic child.


Recurrent ameloblastoma of the mandible. Ameloblastoma is by nature an invasive tumour and the full extent of the infiltration is not always appreciated when the lesion is being excised. Included in a series of 40 cases are 7 recurrent lesions. Pertinent clinical features of the 7 recurrent cases are discussed. A close study has been made of the recurrent tumours in the hope that some explanation could be found for the unsuccessful primary treatment. The investigation considered a number of aspects of the behavior of this growth and from this certain facts have emerged. Definitive treatment should not be embarked on before the diagnosis has been established. Only then can an overall plan of management be devised. It is noteworthy that the rate of growth of the lesion is more rapid in the younger age group. Ameloblastoma varies in it's clinical and radiological presentation. Primary treatment is influenced by the size and site of the particular lesion. The management of the recurrent lesion depends on the mode of presentation of the particular growth.


Problems in the reconstruction of the inner canthus and the lacrimal duct. The problems of reconstruction of the destructed mesial lid angle are discussed. Correct evaluation of the lesion is very important. Depending on whether primary or secondary reconstruction has to be done, different technical approaches are recommended. A personal technique of reconstruction of the lacrimal duct is described. This technique has given very satisfactory results.


Logopaedic findings following advancement of the maxilla. From 1972 to 1974, the authors carried out logopaedic examinations of over 100 patients with retrodisplaced maxillae at the Clinic for Maxillo-Facial Surgery at the University of Zurich (Director: Prof. H. Obwegeser, M.D., D.M.D.). From this clinical material, 40 cases which were fully documented in respect of medical history, surgical treatment and speech behavior were selected, and the effect of the advancement of the maxilla on the individual ability to articulate was studied.


Drug treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with sympatho- and parasympatholytics. Exciting factors in trigeminal neuralgia known to date are reviewed, and the involvement of the vegetative system in the development of neuralgic pain is documented by clinical observations. Studies of free fatty acids (ffs) and free glycerin (FGly) conducted to assess sympathetic and vegal involvement revealed a sympathetic component to be active in attacks along the distribution of the first and second trigeminal branches, while pain originating from the third branch appears to be mediated by vagal stimuli. Sy,patho- and parasympatholytic therapy is discussed and its effect reviewed in a large group of cases. More than 50% of cases were found to be improved.


Orthodontically induced eruption of the permanent canine combined with alveolar cleft osteoplasty: a new procedure illustrated by a case with stereophotogrammetric reconstructions. A new technique is suggested which will allow secondary bone grafting to be carried out at approximately 10 years of age when some potential of active tooth eruption and maxillary alveolar growth remains. Surgery is followed during the healing phase by orthodontic traction of the unerupted canine through the bone graft. This allows the reconstruction of the dental arch, while the bone graft is maintained by the osteogenic influence of the canine root. The technique is detailed and illustrated and a case report presented. A stereophotogrammetric reconstruction demonstrates the improvement in integumental contour following the technique described.


Results of radical treatment of cancer of the parotid gland. Twenty-five patients with different histological variants of malignant tumours of the parotid gland have been treated by parotidectomy combined with interstitial radiotherapy with delayed afterloading and dose fractionation during the operation. The indications for this therapeutic approach and the techniques used are described. The follow-up of the patients ranging from one to over five years showed only two local recurrences, although most of the patients were in an advanced stage locally. Complications due to the irradiation have not been observed.


Sarcoma arising in irradiated jawbones. Possible relationship with previous non-malignant bone lesions. Report of 6 cases and review of the literature. Thirty-seven cases of radiation-induced sarcoma of the jaw are reviewed from the literature and six new cases are reported. It appears that irradiation seems to play a significant role in the development of jaw sarcoma: 10% of jaw sarcomas arise in irradiated bone. The initial lesion, however, that required irradiation appears to be equally important: 46% of the cases were found to have fibrous dysplasia as the initial lesion, whereas 18% of the remaining cases included diverse bone lesions. The bone was assumed to be normal in only 36% of the cases where irradiation was administered to adjacent tissue lesions. It seems that the association between irradiation and a pre-existing bone lesion has a definite oncologic effect.


Effect of adrenalectomy on the synthesis of cholinesterases. Adrenalectomy decreased the rate of regeneration of brain and striated muscle acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) in mice after sublethal poisoning with diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP). This may explain similar findings in previous experiments in hypophysectomized animals.


Immune reactivity in vitro to spontaneous canine oral tumors. In vitro reactivity of autochthonous lymphocytes to tumor cells from progressively growing oral tumors in dogs was studied. Tumors were collected during surgery or before necropsy and prepared for tissue culture. Only viable, glass-adherent tumor cells were used. The cells were first incubated either with culture medium or with canine serum, and then they were mixed with lymphocytes. The cultured tumor cells were destroyed by high numbers of lymphocytes, but the reactivity was blocked for tumor cells that had been incubated with autologous serum. Tumor cell growth was stimulated by low numbers of lymphocytes. These results point out the complexity of tumor enhancement in vivo.


Evaluation of an automated direct fluorometric method for determination of total estrogens in pregnancy urine. The value of urinary estriol as a measure of placental function has been previously established. The authors have modified to total automation a previously published method. The method operates at an analytical rate of 30 samples per hour. Results are expressed as mg. estrogen/gm. creatinine (E/C). In normal pregnancy values rise from a mean of 18 at 31 weeks gestation of 43 at term.


Wound healing and the amniotic membrane. The successful clinical application of the amniotic membrane as a surgical dressing is discussed as to the mode of healing. The amniotic membrane does not appear to be a permanent structure when used as an allograft.


Clinical pharmacology.

Clinical pharmacology.


Workshop of advanced endodontic programs. A. Selection and evaluation of students.


The metabolism of estradiol by perfused livers and liver slices of normal and cirrhotic rats. The metabolism of estradiol- 17 beta and cirrhotic (CC14 -induced) rat livers was studied in isolated perfused livers and in incubations of liver slices. In these experiments the cirrhotic livers show a reduced clearance of estradiol, an accumulation of extractable metabolites and a delayed transformation to non-extractable metabolites. It is concluded that these changes in the metabolism of estradiol are caused not only by an altered circulation of the blood through intrahepatic shunts, but also by disturbances in the uptake and/or metabolism of the estrogens by the liver cells.


Workshop of advanced endodontic programs. B. Discussion.


Lack of lymphocyte stimulation by root canal products.


Reaction of rat connective tissue to some gutta-percha formulations.


Report of the 32nd annual meeting of the American Association of Endodontists. New Orleans, April 23-27, 1975.


A rapid chairside differentiation of radicular cysts and granulomas.


Concentration of lead in various endodontic filling materials.


Workshop of advanced endodontic programs, Chicago, 1975. Group 3. Advanced endodontic programs: Organization of learning experiences.


Remission of pain of acute apical periodontitis after blockage of apex with filings: case report.


Histologic response of rat connective tissue to zinc-containing amalgam.


Prevalence of enterobiasis among children in Taipei City, Taiwan, with an evaluation of pyrantel pamoate in treatment.


Treatment of myasthenia gravis by long-term alternate-day prednisolone.


A new trial on microtopographical study of the human cardiac muscles. A preliminary report on scanning electron microscopic findings.


The rapid differentiation of the Klebsiella-Entero-bacter-Serratia from other enterobacteriaceae on esculin-agar.


Preliminary study of attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus.


Immune response during hyperimmunization: (XII) Long term skin-binding antibody in comparison with the ordinary passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibody in immune sera.


Osteoblastoma of mandible (report of a case).


Editorial: "Wooly dog" tales.

Editorial: "Wooly dog" tales.


Letter from the editor: Delays in publication.


Letter: Duplicate publication of articles.


Editorial: Be two or not be two...

Editorial: Be two or not be two...


Scavenging of dental anesthetic gases.

Scavenging of dental anesthetic gases. Results of recent surveys suggest that there are significant health hazards involved with chronic exposure to waste anesthetic gases. While results of these surveys were significant, they did not prove a cause-effect relationship. Considerable evidence in experimental animals suggests such a relationship; it is reasonable to assume that this applies to the clinical situation. An anesthetic technique that uses a circle-system absorber with a scavenging trap and non-recirculating exhaust duct has been described. This system was combined with use of a closed-cell rubber sponge for an oropharyngeal pack that was impermeable to air or anesthetic gases. In addition, a tight-fitting nasal mask or sealed nasopharyngeal tube was used. Ventilation of room air also was improved. These changes produced a 93.3% reduction in halothane and 91.2% reduction in nitrous oxide in the dental operating room.


Experimental osteogenesis at fracture sites and gaps. One hundred and twenty male albino rats were used to study the regenerative potential of periosteum, and the effects of the size of discontinuity defects on bone repair. The clinical, radiologic, and histological studies disclosed new bone formation and remodeling of fibular fractures and gaps in the presence of periosteum or bone contact, or both. Small and large fibular fracture gaps without periosteum resulted in nonunion, interposition of fibrous tissue, and no new bone formation. It was concluded from the current experimental studies that bone contact is more important than periosteum for normal bone healing. Where contact is not possible, the presence of periosteum assumes a more essential role.


Cryosurgery for oral cancer--a six-year retrospective study. In a review of 50 patients with oral cancer treated by cryosurgery, local control of the tumor for more than two years was achieved in 90%. In only 4 of 25 instances where the tumor had superficially invaded bone, or was adjacent to it, was resection necessary. Cryosurgery was effective in controlling benign and premalignant lesions also. The treatment is often palliative and sometimes curative when patients refuse other recommended care.


Radionuclide bone scanning in the diagnosis of lesions of the maxillofacial region. Radionuclide scanning is a safe, simple, sensitive technique for demonstrating lesions of the skeletal system. It has proved to be valuable in the early detection and differential diagnoses of lesions involving the maxillofacial region. Abnormal uptake of a bone scanning agent relies on a disturbance of the mineral metabolism of bone. These changes in the pathophysiology of bone are detected earlier on radioisotope bone scans than on radiographs. Bone scanning is a superior technique for diagnosis when compared to radiographic examination. A positive scan is not pathognomonic of any specific disease, but with the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings, it can differentiate many lesions and contribute invaluable information concerning a particular lesion or condition so that treatment can be more effectively planned.


Distribution of glands in the mucosa of the hard palate and its relation to carcinoma. Carcinoma of the hard palate in women who practice reverse smoking is very common in Visakhapatnam. This carcinoma usually occurs in the middle of the posterior half of the hard palate and not in the soft palate or in the anterior half of hard palate. The volume of the glandular tissue in the mucosa of the hard palate is maximum to the right or left half of the midline in the posterior half in both fetuses and adults. The localization of the carcinoma of the hard palate in reverse smokers corresponds to the glandular area of the mucosa of the hard palate.


Detection and management of the potential bleeder in dental practice.


Central squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible: report of case.


Carcinoma of the tongue. An unusual presentation.


Plaque control in gingival hyperplasia secondary dilantin therapy: report of case.


Improved irrigation syringe for oral surgery.


Clinico-pathological conference. Case 14, part 1.


Palisaded, encapsulated neuroma of the lip. A case of palisaded, encapsulated neuroma of the lower lip has been presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported instance in the dental literature. The lesion characteristically occurs on the skin of the face near the oral, nasal, and orbital mucocutaneous junctions and, therefore, is readily visible to the oral diagnostician. It occurs most often in middle-aged individuals and, although it may clinically mimic other lesions, the operative finding of an easily enucleated mass near a mucocutaneous junction should suggest this lesion in the differential diagnosis. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by three distinct zones--an outer compressed fibrous connective tissue capsule, an inner myxomatous zone, and a central zone of proliferating Schwann's cells arranged in interlacing fascicles with areas of palisaded cells and organoid structures. The lesion is treated by enucleation or excision and has no tendency to recur.


Sequelae of dental extraction during quinine-induced thrombocytopenia. The pathogenesis and treatment of quinine-induced thrombocytopenia is discussed. The case presented involved the sequelae of a dental extraction performed during an episode of acute thrombocytopenia. A complete medical history and knowledge of current medications and their possible side effects are of paramount importance before any patient is treated.


Flap design for exposing a labially impacted canine.


Letter: Problems with resident selection.


Letter: Do you want to do histories and physicals?


Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: a report of two uncommon cases.


Contact allergy to rosin in a periodontal dressing. A case report.


Periodic migrainous neuralgia. Review of literature and case report.


Letter: Specialty licensure not required in Connecticut.


Hucksterism in professional practice.

Hucksterism in professional practice.


Middle-third facial osteotomies: their use in the correction of congenital dentofacial and craniofacial deformities. Several congenital abnormalities result in dentofacial and craniofacial deformities in the middle third of the face. Each of these deformities presents unique problems with multiple coexisting anomalies of the entire dentofacial and craniofacial region. Those engaged in the habilitation of patients with congenital facial deformities must be cognizant of the fact that, unlike in individuals with developmental dentofacial deformities there are unique ophthalmological, otolaryngological, neurological, dental, speech, and psychological problems coexisting with these conditions. Multiple procedures, either performed simultaneously or staged, are frequently necessary to achieve optimum esthetic and functional results. With a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, acceptable habilitation of many of these individuals can be achieved.


Surgical treatment of mandibular hypomobility. Mandibular hypomobility may be the result of a number of intra- and extra-articular conditions. Its treatment, predicated on an accurate diagnosis, varies from minor manipulative maneuvers to several surgical procedures. The applicability of coronoidectomy, in certain conditions, has become increasingly important.


Reimplantation of freeze-treated and saline-treated mandibular bone. Mandibular bone devitalized by freezing after removal from the body and subsequently reimplanted was observed for its potential to reunite and grow in comparison to a similar saline-treated section of bone from the same animal. After a year, there were no significant discernible clinical or histological differences between the slaine-treated and the frozen bone. Approximately the same amount of histologically indistinguishable bone formed in either instance. The results suggest that a partially resected mandible subjected to freezing maintains the same capacity to act as an autogenous graft as does bone partially devitalized by immersion in saline solution.


Emotional response to intravenous delta9tetrahydrocannabinol during oral surgery. The administration of delta9THC intravenously as a premedicant to oral surgery resulted in acute pronounced elevations in anxiety states, a predominance of dysphoria over euphoria, and varying degrees of psychotic-like paranoiac thought. Neural effects that appeared to promote these effects included distortions of perception with sensory delusions, and heightened sensory receptiveness including antalgesic impressions of surgery; autonomic and visceral arousal greater than control or placebo levels; lack of overt behavioral signals of distress due to depersonalization; and time disintegration leading to fear-inducing misinformation about real surgical events. Introverted subjects who generally were inclined to rely on drug solutions to their problems tended to respond poorly to surgical pain and anxiety with delta9THC. These results, obtained from subjects considered to  have levels of presurgical apprehension that were average or below average, suggest that the environment in which high doses of cannabinols are experienced is a potent factor in determining the quality of the emotional response. A surgical environment containing even the mild stress of outpatient oral surgery appears to have the potential to precipitate undesirable emotional responses among cannabinol-intoxicated patients. There is continued high-level social use of cannabinols inour society, with an estimate of 40% to 55% among the college-age group seen frequently by oral surgeons. Results of this study suggest that clinicians should be prepared to detect the subtle signs of marijuana intoxication to protect their patients from further psychophysiologic complications during surgery.


Antibiotic therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Too frequently, antibiotics are used unnecessarily for routine dental procedures. Good surgical techniques, immaculate postoperative oral hygiene, and close follow-up are sufficient in many situations. In infectious processes, culture and snesitivity testing should be used to determine the cause of infection before surgical or antibiotic therapy is given. A conservative approach should provide adequate care and minimize the gross overuse of antibiotics.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 14, part 2. Arterial (arteriovenous) angioma.


The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.


An improved technique for needle biopsy.


Mandibular fracture resulting from dog bite: report of a case. The diagnosis and management of a fractured mandible of a 4-year old child has been presented. A brief review of the literature is given. The remarkable aspect of the case is its reported cause of dog bite. The patient was managed conservatively by closed reduction, and use of Oliver loops. The maxillomandibular fixation was lost on the 11th postoperative day. At that time, no mandibular deviation or limitation of movement was noted. Further immobilization was not deemed necessary. During a three-month follow-up period, no complications occurred.


The three-dimensional mandibular bone plate. A new type of mandibular bone plate implant has been described that immobilizes the mandible more ridigly than do previous bone appliances. Because of this characteristic, maxillomandibular fixation may be eliminated in a large percentage of fractured mandibles, or the time for immobilization is, at least, reduced.


Treatment of mandibular prognathism in an acromegalic patient. A 41-year-old man with acromegaly underwent cryosurgery for a pituitary adenoma. Although soft tissue regression is possible after pituitary ablation, bony changes are permanent. Thus, bilateral vertical osteotomies and bilateral coronoidotomies were performed for correction of the mandibular prognathism. The postoperative occlusion and facial profile were very acceptable. Unfortunately, the patient died of a myocardial infarction eight days postoperatively.


Congenital leukemia associated with mosaic trisomy 9.


Letter to the editors: Re: a new concept of peridontal disease by Walter Drum, J Periodontal 46: 504, 1975.


A 9/11 translocation in a child with Ph1-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Constitution and Bylaws of the American Academy of Periodontology. October 1975.


Cerebral calcifications associated with intrathecal methotrexate therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia.


Periodontal emotional stress syndrome.

Periodontal emotional stress syndrome. Eleven cases are presented which demonstrated severe periodontal bone loss especially in the posterior segments of the mouth in a group of young men, ages 22 to 32, unexplained by other local etiologic factors. The only common denominator in all cases was severe emotional stress associated with active duty in Viet Nam. The name "periodontal emotional stress syndrome (PESS)"is suggested as a possible term to be included in the nomenclature of the classification of periodontal disease.


Experimental foreign body reactions to toothpaste abrasives. Some clinical oral foreign body reactions have been reviewed. The testing of the foreign body potential of substances used as abrasives in toothpastes has shown a number to be capable of this. The clinical implications are briefly discussed. The initial studies were conducted when the author was on the faculty of the School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, England.


Comparison of the morphology and viability of human salivary and blood leukocytes.


Plaque, gingivitis and dental aptitude test scores of dental students. In general, plaque and gingivitis scores were correlated negatively with the manual parameters and positively with the academic and mental parameters studied. Plaque showed significant negative correlations with the manual average and the carving test. Gingivitis also demonstrated a negative correlation, just short of significance, with the manual average, but virtually no correlation existed between gingivitis and the carving test. Gingivitis displayed a significant positive correlation with the academic average, and plaque exhibited a nonsignificant positive correlation with the academic average. Relationships between these parameters may help determine what segments of the population are more susceptible to plaque accumulation and gingivitis and may suggest possible new approaches to the adoption of preventive measures. Finally, in view of the statistically significant but relatively low correlation found between manual dexterity and oral health, further investigations are indicated to establish the validity of the relationship.


Clinical evaluation of a newly designed contoured tooth-brush. A newly designed contoured toothbrush was tested against the Oral B toothbrush in a single blind crossover study over a 6-month period using 78 patients. The findings were: (1) The contoured toothbrush was significantly better (P less  than 0.01) than the Oral B brush for gingival index scores; (2) Plaque scores were lower for the contoured brush (P = 0.10); (3) No significant differences were observed with respect to calculus scores.


The role of alveolar bone in the noneruption of molar teeth in grey lethal mice. The in utero and neonatal development of the molar teeth in osteopetrotic grey lethal mice and normal litter mates was observed in timed embryos which were obtained by caeserian section, and in neonatal litters which were sacrificed on the day of birth and each day thereafter until day 7. Serial coronal and sagittal sections through the heads were prepared. The earliest disturbances in the alveolar bone-tooth germ complex were seen at day 19 in utero. At birth, the grey lethal first molar germs are severely distorted by encroaching alveolar bone. The abnormalities become progressively more marked until day 7. The failure in alveolar bone remodeling is the factor which prevents tooth eruption in grey lethal mice.


Histoplasmosis of the gingiva. Report of a case. A 71-year-old white man presented with a large ulcerated lesion which extended to the facial and palatal aspects of the maxillary left first and second bicuspids. A biopsy was made because the lesion appeared to be carcinomatous. It proved to be benign but it was positive for histoplasmosis. Although the patient had a 9 month history of weight loss, fatigue, frequent nausea, night sweats, respiratory symptoms, and other symptoms compatible with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis, skin tests and complement fixation tests had been consistently negative. After the diagnosis was made and the organism was cultured from the oral lesion, therapy (amphotericin B) was initiated and the patient responded favorably. Within 12 months, the symptoms regressed, the oral lesions healed, and the patient regained 25 lb.


Gingival status during prolonged fasting for weight loss. Nineteen obese patients were observed during a prolonged period of fasting for weight loss. The period of fasting ranged from 15 to 71 days. The patients consumed a dose of certain vitamins and minerals with 2 liters of water per day. No effort was made to alter the patient at the beginning and termination of the fasting period. At the time of original recording the Plaque and Gingival Index correlated directly. As the fasting period lengthened, there was a decrease in the Plaque Index scores but the Ginival Index scores increased considerably. This is an opposite correlation to what one would expect in individuals maintained on an adequate diet.


Plaque-neutrophil interaction in monoinfected rats as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Rats monoinfected with Actinomyces naeslundii contain massive interdental bacterial plaques which are partically covered by a concentration of PMNLS. The neutrophils are massed in the form of a pseudoepithelial barrier several cell layers thick with narrow intercellular spaces. The PMNL barrier appears to prevent bacterial invasion of the underlying gingiva. Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria occurs at the interface between the plaque and the PMNL barrier. The protective as well as possible detrimental effects of PMNL concentrations are discussed in terms of tissue destruction in periodontal disease.


A survey of factors possibly associated with cervical abrasion of tooth surfaces. The study indicates that cervical abrasion is related in some way to a factor or factors associated with the initial stages of the tooth-brushing procedure. The evidence, furthermore, demonstrates that an excessive use of dentifrice habitually placed, undiluted, on the same area of the mouth, may produce the abrasion. In view of this evidence, it would seem prudent to advise patients to use decreased quantities of dentifrice and to initiate the brushing procedure on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth to effect a dilution of the dentrifrice. The same effect might be accomplished by alternating the initial placement of the brush between the quadrants to more evenly distribute the abrasive effect. The high percentage of these lesions found in this young age group demonstrates a higher prevalence of the lesion in a younger age group than was previously suspected. We can further conclude that cervical abrasion is related to age and gingival recession. Furthermore, the study indicates that patients who exhibit cervical abrasion have less plaque and the lower bleeding scores than those who do not.


The effect of topical application of dextran on the gingiva of the beagle dog. Dextrans derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides were placed on clinically healthy gingiva of Beagle dogs once a day for 21 days. Control gingival tissues received saline. Both healthy controls and dextran-treated tissues were brushed daily. Inflamed control tissues were obtained by allowing plaque to accumulate for 21 days. Tissues receiving daily application of dextran solutions developed chronic gingival inflammation but displayed no clinical signs of gingivitis. Healthy control gingival tissues showed no clinical signs of gingivitis and minor histologic inflammatory changes. Tissues exposed to dental plaque showed the typical clinical and histological inflammatory changes of gingivitis. Thus dextran, a substance similar to the extracellular polysaccharide found in dental plaque, was able to penetrate the sulcular epithelium, enter healthy gingival connective tissue and cause chronic inflammation. This connective tissue inflammation occurred without inducing any of the clinical signs of gingivitis. Therefore, it is concluded that dextran produced one component of the gingivitis response, chronic histologic inflammation, independent of another major component of the disease, clinical inflammation.


The use of auxiliaries in prosthodontic graduate programs. There is a need for more dental services, and the use of auxiliaries can help the dentist meet this need. Dental educators and the government are encouraging programs and research in the expanded use and management of dental auxiliaries. Advanced prosthetic programs have special needs. The dentist-patient relationship for this highly personal service, usually accompanied by difficult clinical and technical problems, requires a dentist with special skills. No advanced program should use auxiliaries to the extent that the student does not develop these special skills in diagnostic, clinical, and technical areas. Expanded duties to demonstrate how much an auxiliary can do could be harmful. The program director and the faculty should judge the level of assistance each student should have in an advanced program.


Prosthetic teachers: number and qualifications for undergraduate education. A proposal has been made regarding the number and qualifications of undergraduate educators. To place this proposal in the proper perspective, certain philosophies, objectives, and methodologies of the teaching-learning experience were identified. These, of course, are partially unproven, conceptual innovations. The need exists to better qualify students in prosthodontics before they are graduated from a dental school. Unfortunately, schools seem to be taking a negative position on this problem. What better way to control a group than to govern the education of the individuals concerned.


Current status of research in prosthodontics.


Specifications for the occlusal aspects of dental restorations.


Letter: Individualized matrix bands for amalgam restorations.


Minimal clinical requirements for undergraduate prosthodontic education.


Undergraduate education: survey of attitudes of senior dental students.


Definition of clinical prosthodontics-undergraduate education.


Teaching prosthodontics in general dentistry. Because of the projected increase in the demand for high-quality prosthodontic services in the future, it will be necessary to upgrade undergraduate prosthodontics and to provide, in addition, improved prosthodontic training in the general dentistry residencies. The Federation of Prosthodontic Organizations is the unified voice of our specialty and must stand at the forefront to provide and direct this training. Every accredited program should be required to offer training in prosthodontics. We cannot expect graduate students to specialize in prosthodontics if we allow it to be downgraded, reduced in scope in our dental schools, and excluded from general dentistry residencies.


Advanced prosthodontic education.

Advanced prosthodontic education.


Prosthodontics in a general practice program of advanced dental education. The problems involved in teaching prosthodontics in a general practice program outwardly appear to be due to the lack of sufficient basic prosthodontic training dispensed by the dental schools. This lack of sufficient training is not the fault of dental school faculties. The students are not learning what they are taught. What they need is more repetition, which means more time. The problems are not insurmountable. We just must find the route.


The future of prosthodontics.

The future of prosthodontics.


Advanced education in prosthodontics - curriculum content.


Minimum clinical requirements for graduate prosthodontic education.


Minimal clinical requirements for advanced prosthodontic education.


Minimum clinical requirements for advanced education in prosthodontics.


Recruiting students for advanced education programs in prosthodontics.


Advanced prosthodontic education: survey of graduate students.


Do we need all these graduate programs in prosthodontics?


Limitation of clinical practice to prosthodontics. Limitation of practice implies specialization and the delivery of services by a specialist who has been recognized for his expertise through formal advanced education, experience, and/or examination. Prosthodontists in limited practice are currently influenced by problems related to patient referrals, third-party payment for services, and competence certification. Perhaps the most significant problem in prosthodontics today is the need to succinctly define the parameters of prosthodontic practice in order to provide guidelines for assuring that such practices are limited to the defined specialty.


Consultants to the Council on Dental Education for advanced education.


Selection of accreditation consultants for predoctoral and advanced education.


Undergraduate removable prosthodontics-1975.


Meeting prosthodontic needs with expanded-function auxiliaries.


The use of auxiliaries in prosthodontic practice.


The future of the American Board of Prosthodontics.


Diplomate status and the American Board of Endodontics.


Evaluation of the examination given by the American Board of Prosthodontics.


Examination by the American Board of Prosthodontics--an evaluation.


Structure of dental prepayment in 1975.

Structure of dental prepayment in 1975.


Peer review systems.

Peer review systems.


The profession, the mechanics, the Canadian government, and the delivery of removable dentures.