Evidence for an intermediate with a single-strand break in the reaction catalyzed by the DNA untwisting enzyme. The DNA untwisting enzyme relaxes covalently closed circylar DNAs by the sequential breaking (nicking) and closure of one strand of the duplex. The use of highly purified enzyme from rat liver nuclei at very high protein concentrations has permitted the detection of the nicked intermediate in the reaction. The nicking of closed circular simian virus 40 DNA was measured by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation or by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl gradients containing propidium diiodide. The following observations support the hypothesis that the nicked DNA represents an intermediate in the untwisting reaction. The extent of nicking does not increase with time. Nicking is observed in the range of salt concentrations where the enzyme is active (0.01-0.25 M KCl), but is not observed at 0.50 Mkdl, where enzyme activity is undetectable. The nicked DNA that is generated during the reaction carried out in low salt rapidly disappears if the KCl concentration is raised to 0.50 M. At constant enzyme concentration, the number of nicks in the reaction mixture is independent of DNA concentration in the range from 3 to 14 mug/ml. The addition of an excess of unlabeled DNA to a reaction initially containing labeled nicked DNA partially chases the label from the nicked intermediate into covalently closed circular DNA.


On the mechanism of delayed inhibition of protein synthesis in heme-defecient rabbit reticulocyte lysates. In the absence of added hemin, protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate declines abruptly (shuts off) after about 5 min at 30 degrees. In these studies we have examined the basis for the lag period preceding shut-off. The initiation factor that binds Met-tRNAf, previously shown to be rate-limiting in inhibited, heme-deficient lysates, is found to be used stoichiometrically in the presence of excess inhibitor. We suggest that a principal effect of the inhibitor is to impair the recycling of the Met-tRNAf-binding factor; the lag period is attributable largely to the presence of a pool of excess Met-tRNAf-binding factor, which, once used in initiation, cannot be recycled because of the action of the inhibitor.


Mapping of in vivo messenger RNAs for bacteriophage phiX-174. In vivo messenger RNA for bacteriophage phiX174 was fractionated in agarose gels into a number of discrete species ranging in size from 0.23 X 10(6) to 2.3 X 10(6) daltons. These RNA species were eluted from the gels and hybridized to specific fragments derived from phiX-174 replicative form DNA by cleavage with restriction enzymes. A map of the orientation of in vivo messenger RNAs with respect to the bacteriophage genetic map was constructed. This map indicated that initiation of messenger RNA occurred before gene B, gene C or D, and probably before gene A and that termination occurred after genes E, F, G, and H. Termination of transcription at any particular site appeared not to be entirely effective such that a number of overlapping transcripts with the same 5'-terminus was observed. Messenger RNA for gene A seemed to be relatively unstable.


Restriction assay for integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda DNA in vitro: requirement for closed circular DNA substrate. A novel assay has been developed for in vitro genetic recombination of DNA. Substrate and product DNAs are cleaved with a restriction endonuclease and the resulting fragments are separated by electrophoresis in agarose gels. The substrate DNA has been chosen so that the recombination to be studied deletes a segment of DNA. The remaining DNA gives rise to a unique restriciton fragment, as does the DNA segment that has been removed. The method provides a convenient and physical, rather than genetic, assessment of the conversion of parental to recombinant DNA. This method has been applied to an in vitro system that carries out integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda. We find that, different molecular forms of DNA tested, closed circular DNA is the only efficient substrate. Linear DNA and three kinds of circular DNA containing interruptions are at best very poor substrates. The implications of this surprising result are discussed. In addition, we show that the in vitro recombination system completes the breaking and rejoining steps of recombination. No stable DNA intermediates involving chiasmata or broken end structures are found.


Absence of low-molecular-weight alpha crystallin in nuclear region of old human lenses. Examination of old human lenses indicates that low-molecular-weight alpha crystallin is not present in the inner 30-40%, the nucleus, of the lens. The remainder of such lenses, the periphery, contains normal levels of this protein. This finding is in marked contrast to observations in young lenses, where a large quantity of this protein is found throughout the tissue.


Kinetic evidence for hapten-induced conformational transition in immunoglobin MOPC 460. The kinetics of hapten binding to the homogeneous immunoglobulin A secreted by the murine plasmacytoma MOPC 460 was investigated by the chemical relaxation method. Two distinct relaxation times were observed in the binding equilibrium with three different haptens. A detailed concentration dependence analysis of relaxation times and amplitudes was performed with the hapten epsilon-N(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-lysine (Dnp-Lys). The results support a mechanism in which two interconvertible conformational states of the protein bind the hapten with different association constants. Hapten binding shifts the equilibrium towards the better binding state. These observations form kinetic evidence for a conformational transition induced in the immunoglobulin by ligand binding to its antigen binding site, and are in line with the allosteric hypothesis for the initiation of physiological functions by antigen-antibody association.


Glycosylation of hemoglobin in vitro: affinity labeling of hemoglobin by glucose-6-phosphate. To determine the mechanism for the formation of hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) in vivo, we incubated human hemoglobin with glucose and metabolites of glucose. [14C]Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) reacted readily with deoxyhemoglobin, and formed a covalent linkage. The reaction rate was considerably reduced in the presence of carbon monoxide or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Purified G6P hemoglobin had a lowered oxygen affinity and decreased reactivity with 2,3-DPG compared to Hb A. G6P behaved as a 2,3-DPG analog and reacted specifically at the NH2-terminal amino group of the beta chain. In contrast, the interaction of hemoglobin with glucose was much slower, and was unaffected by carbon monoxide or 2,3-DPG. Neither glucose-1-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, nor fructose-1,6-diphosphate formed a reaction product with hemoglobin. G6P behaves as an affinity label with the phosphate group forming electrostatic bonds at the 2,3-DPG binding site and the aldehvde group reacting with the NH2-terminal amino group of the beta chain. Thus, G6P hemoglobin may be an intermediate in the conversion of Hb A to Hb A1c.


Calorimetric studies of the in vitro polymerization of brain tubulin. The enthalpy change for chain propagation in the polymerization of bovine tubulin has been studied directly by stopped-flow microcalorimetry at 17 degrees and 25 degrees, and found to be 0 +/- 1 kcal per mol of 6S tubulin dimer at both temperatures. Substantial heat evolution with a half-time of decay of approximately 1 hr was observed w-en tubulin was injected into the calorimeter. This heat was shown to result from contamination of the tublin by small amounts of some material from the crude brain homogenate from which the tubulin was prepared, and to be totally unconnected with microtubule assembly. Model calculations of nucleated polymerization processes reveal that the van't Hoff enthalpy calculated from the temperature dependence of the critical polymerization concentration is a complicated function of the separate enthalpy changes for nucleation and chain propagation. The published values of this quantity for tubulin probably pertain primarily to the nucleation process. It is shown that our observation of a propagation enthalpy change of vanishingly small size is not necessarily inconsistent with the reported van't Hoff enthalpies.


Correlation between tumor induction and the large external transformation sensitive protein on the cell surface. The distribution on the cell surface of the large external LETS protein that is transformation sensitive of normal, transformed and tumorigenic cells was examined by immunofluorescent staining. A correlation was established between the expression of fibril-like LETS protein and the oncogenic capabilities of a series of adenovirus-transformed cell lines. In cells expressing a transformed phenotype in vitro, LETS protein is only detected in cell-cell contact areas, wheras in "untransformed" cells LETS protein is distributed over the cell surface. Transformed cells capable of inducing invasive tumors, and the cells of established tumor lines, have low or undetectable levels of LETS protein, as measured by this method. The results indicate that LETS protein has a role in cell-cell adhesion and that reduced expression of this protein at the cell surface is related to the oncogenic phenotype. This relationship has been established for experimentally induced and spontaneous tumors.


Temperature dependence of the four ionic processes of spike electrogenesis in eel electroplaques. Spike electrogenesis of eel electroplaques involves four ionic processes which are controlled by the membrane potential. A threshold depolarization causes normally closed Na permselective channels to open (Na-activation) and normally open K channels to close (K-inactivation). The Na channels then close (Na-inactivation), and as the spike is terminated, the K channels reopen (K-reactivation). The temperature dependence of these four processes has been examined in the present work. Opening of the Na channels and closure and reopening of the K-channels are either effectively instantaneous or are relatively independent of temperature in the range of at least 5 degrees to 22 degrees. Closure of the Na-channels has a Q10 (increase in rate of reaction for each 10 degrees increase in temperature) of about 9, and activation energy (Ea) of this reaction is about 31.5 kcal/mole (132 kJ/mole).


The relationship between in vitro cellular aging and in vivo human age. Differences between early and late passage cell cultures on the organelle and macromolecular levels have been attributed to cellular "aging". However, concern has been expressed over whether changes in diploid cell populations after serial passage in vitro accurately reflect human cellular aging in vivo. Studies were therefore undertaken to determine if significant differences would be observed in the in vitro lifespans of skin fibroblast cultures from old and young normal, non-hospitalized volunteers and to examine if parameters that change with in vitro "aging" are altered as a function of age in vivo. Statistically signigificant (P less than 0.05) decreases were found in the rate of fibroblast migration, onset of cell culture senescence, in vitro lifespan, cell population replication rate, and cell number at confluency of fibroblast cultures derived from the old donor group when compared to parallel cultures from young donors. No significant differences were observed in modal cell volumes and cellular macromolecular contents. The differences observed in cell cultures from old and young donors were quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from those cellular alterations observed in early and late passage WI-38 cells (in vitro "aging"). Therefore, although early and late passage cultures of human diploid cells may provide an important cell system for examining loss of replicative potential, fibroblast cultures derived from old and young human donors may be a more appropriate model system for studying human cellular aging.


Hormonal stimulation of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Adult rat hepatocytes have been previously isolated and maintained in monolayer culture, but attempts to stimulate DNA synthesis have been unsuccessful. Hormonal conditions are now described which induce DNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes from partially hepatectomized rats. DNA synthesis was determined autoradiographically by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into nuclei of morphologically distinct hepatocytes. Insulin (4-4000 nM) or epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) alone caused significant increases in the labeling index. The two hormones together acted synergistically to produce labeling indices of 35-50% on the third day of culture, compared with 2-7% in control cultures. The addition of glucagon (400 nM) further increased the labeling indes. Dexamethasone (80 ng/ml) inhibited DNA synthesis but, under certain conditions, enhanced cell attachment. Growth hormone and triiodothyronine had no significant effect on DNA synthesis. The mixture of epidermal growth factor, insulin, and glucagon also stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into phenol-extracted DNA. Although DNA synthesis was stimulated, cell division occurred infrequently. These data suggest a prominent role for epidermal growth factor in promoting hepatic DNA synthesis by acting in concert with insulin and glucagon.


Isolation of retina-specific cell-aggregating factor from membranes of embryonic neural retina tissue. There is increasing evidence that developmental associations among embryonic cells are mediated by specific components of the cell surface. Earlier work has indicated that such components are extruded into the medium of primary monolayer cultures of embryonic cells, and that they represent the active constituents of the tissue-spedific cell-aggregating factors isolated fro- the supernatant medium of such cultures. We presently report that tissue-specific cell-aggregating factors can be obtained directly from embryonic tissues, and describe the isolation and partial purification of retina-spedific factor from a cell-membrane preparation derived from retina tissue of the chick embryo. Extraction of the purified membrane preparation with 1-butanol yielded an activity in the aqueous phase which resides in a protein probably a glycoprotein, with an estimated molecular weight of 50,000 in solution. This material could be obtained from retinas of embryos not older than 13 days, and only pre-13-day cells responded to its cell-aggregating activity. By these characteristics, this membrane-derived retina factor closely resembles the retina cell-aggregating glycoprotein previously purified from the supernatant medium of retina cell cultures. It is of special interest that the cell-aggregating protein is obtainable from cellular membranes during those stages of development when retina cells are most actively engaged in histological organization. Work in progress indicates that, by the procedures described herein, tissue-specific cell-aggregating factors can also be obtained from membrane preparations of other embryonic tissues.


Distribution of calcitonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity along the rabbit kidney tubule. The adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphatelyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] sensitivity to salmon calcitonin in 11 different segments of the rabbit nephron was investigated using a micromethod for enzyme activity measurements in samples, each containing a single piece of tubule. The required segments were isolated by microdissection from collagenase-treated rabbit kidneys. The results were expressed as femtomoles of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate formed per mm of tubular length per 30 min of incubation time. In the presence of 0.1 mug/ml of synthetic salmon calcitonin, it was found that eight segments exhibited no hormonal sensitivity whereas maximal responses were induced in three segments, the "bright" portion of the distal convoluted tubule, the cortical and the medullary portions of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (stimulated over control activity ratios were 32, 11, and27). The very high sensitivity to calcitonin of the adenylate cyclase contained in these three segments (0.01 ng/ml of salmon calcitonin inducing a 2-fold stimulation; half-miximal stimulation corresponding to about 0.3 ng/ml of salmon calcitonin) suggests that the distal convoluted tubule, as well as th cortical and medullary portions of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle represent physiological target structures of calcitonin action within the kidney.


Trimodality in the proportion of hemoglobin G Philadelphia in heterozygotes: evidence for heterogeneity in the number of human alpha chain loci. The extent of variability in the number of human hemoglobin (Hb) alpha chain loci has not yet been conclusively determined. There is evidence that in some populations individuals may possess two alpha-chain loci, while in other populations only one locus is present. Electrophoresis of peripheral blood from 53 heterozygotes for Hb G Philadelphia (alpha 68 Asn leads to Lys) revealed that the proportion of Hb G is trimodally distributed, with modes at approximately 20, 30, and 40% Hb G. Familial, hematologic, and statistical studies suggest that hte proportion of Hb G is not random but is genetically controlled and inversely correlated with mean cell volume. Two alternative genetic models are proposed to explain these findings: one assums alpha-thalassemia, while the other postulates variability in the number of alpha-chain loci in the American Black population. Biosynthetic studies of blood from 15 subjects revealed balanced synthesis of alpha and beta globin chains in heterozygotes from all three classes, strongly supporting variable gene dosage rather than alpha-thalassemia as the mechanism underlying the observed trimodality in the proportion of Hb G. Incompatibilities between out results and current concepts of alpha-thalassemia are discussed in the context of differences between Black compared with Oriental and Italian forms of Hb H disease.


A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane. Valinomycin is a depsipeptide antibiotic which selectively translocates potassium across biologic membranes. This potassium ionophore was observed to inhibit phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blastogenesis and proliferation in human lymphocytes. The effect was not due to toxicity to the cells, nor appeared to be due to the effects of valinomycin as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect on phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes was prevented by increasing the potassium concentration of the external media. These results suggest that the interaction of mitogens with specific receptors at the cell membrane may involve mechanisms affecting cation fluxes and membrane potential. These ionic events may play a role in the transduction of membrane signals for lymphocyte stimulation.


Sex ratio, sex change, and natural selection. We describe the analogy between the theory of natural selection on sex ratio in newborn gonochores (which will not change sex), and on the age of sex change in sequential hermaphrodites (which are all born into one sex and change to the other later on). We also discuss the conditions under which natural selection favors sequential hermaphrodites over gonochores and vice versa. We show that, in a nearly stable population of nearly constant age composition, selection favors a rare mutant if it increases the prospective reproduction of its newborn bearers that are (or while they are) members of one sex by a percentage exceeding the percentage loss to the other sex.


Structural heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA molecules within the genus Drosophila. We have determined by electron microscopy the molecular weight of circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules from 39 species representing 13 groups of five subgenera of the genus Drosophila. mtDNA molecules of all species examined, other than members of the melanogaster group, had, with one exception, molecular weights in the rather narrow range 9.90 X 10(6). The one exception was D. robusta, which had a molecular weight of 10.61 X 10(6). In contrast, mtDNA molecules from species within the melanogaster group had molecular weights covering the considerably greater range 9.92 X 10(6) to 12.35 X 10(6). Applying the electron microscope denaturation mapping technique of Inman to mtDNA molecules of eight species of the melanogaster group, we found each of them to contain a region [presumably rich in adenine and thymine (A+T)] which denatured at a specific temperature (40 degrees) at which most of the remainder of the molecule remained undenatured. The size of the A+T-rich region was constant for mtDNA molecules of a species, but varied from 0.62 X 10(6) to 3.41 X 10(6) for mtDNA molecules of different species. It was demonstrated that the differences in molecular weights of the A+T-rich regions can almost completely account for the differences in total molecular weights of the mtDNA molecules from species of the melanogaster group.


Genetically determined protein polymorphism in the rabbit nervous system. One of the polypeptides (H1) of the rabbit nervous system occurs in an altered form (H2) in some rabbits. The electrophoretic mobility of H2 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels is about 6% greater than that of H1, suggesting that the two polypeptides differ in molecular weight by about 10,000. The alteration is genetically determined since (i) rabbit phenotypes corresponding to all possible genotypes (H1H1, H1H2, H2H2) were present in an outbred population of rabbits, (ii) the frequency of the phenotype corresponding to the heterozygous genotype (H1H2) was smaller in partially inbred rabbit populations than in outbred populations, and (iii) all of the individuals examined from two partially inbred strains (WH/J and X/J) were of the phenotype that would be expected if they were homozygous (H2H2) for the rare allele of the gene. Preliminary evidence indicates that this polymorphic polypeptide is most abundant in the white matter of the nervous systems of several mammalian species, and is distributed with buffers of low ionic strength and centrifuged at 100,000 Xg.


Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Ascorbic acid metabolism is associated with a number of mechanisms known to be involved in host resistance to malignant disease. Cancer patients are significantly depleted of ascorbic acid, and in our opinion this demonstrable biochemical characteristic indicates a substantially increased requirement and utilization of this substance to potentiate these various host resistance factors. The results of a clinical trial are presented in which 100 terminal cancer patients were given supplemental ascorbate as part of their routine management. Their progress is compared to that of 1000 similar patients treated identically, but who received no supplemental ascorbate. The mean survival time is more than 4.2 times as great for the ascorbate subjects (more than 210 days) as for the controls (50 days). Analysis of the survival-time curves indicates that deaths occur for about 90% of the ascorbate-treated patients at one-third the rate for the controls and that the other 10% have a much greater survival time, averaging more than 20 times that for the controls. The results clearly indicate that this simple and safe form of medication is of definite value in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer.


Structural studies on protein products of murine chromosome 17: partial amino acid sequence of an H-2Kb molecule. By use of single internal radiolabels, 17 of the NH2-terminal 27 amino acids of the murine H-2Kb molecule have been assigned. When the amino acid sequence is compared to that of the murine H-2Kk molecule, there is a minimum of six amino acid differences in 19 positions. This high degree of structural diversity confirms, at the level of amino acid sequence, the known polymorphism of the murine H-2 complex. Significant primary str-ctural homology is evident when the murine H-2Kk and H-2Kb sequences are compared to the recently reported partial amino acid sequences of human transplantation antigens. There is modest homology with beta2-mictoglobulin and immunoglobulins, but the available sequence information is insufficient for a satisfactory evaluation of its significance.


An oscillatory neuronal circuit generating a locomotory rhythm. A quartet of interconnected interneurons whose periodic activity appears to generate the traveling body wave of the swimming leech has been identified on each side of segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord of Hirudo medicinalis. Theoretical analysis and electronic analog models of the identified intra- and interganglionic synaptic connections of the segmentally iterated interneurons showed that they form an oscillatory network with cycle period and intra-and intersegmental phase relations appropriate for the swimming movement.


Vitamin A-containing lipocytes and formation of type III collagen in liver injury. Hepatocellular necrosis in carbon tetracholride-induced injury of rats is associated with an accumulation of lipocytes (perisinusoidal cells or Ito cells) containing fat droplets and giving vitamin A fluorescence. In the subsequent formation of connective tissue septa, transitional cells having morphologic characteristics of lipocytes and fibroblasts are abundant and are associated with the appearance of type III collage-. The features suggest that the lipocyte is the precursor of the fibroblasts responsible for parenchymal fibrillogenesis and under these conditions forms type III collagen. The process is a postulated link between hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis.


RNase sensitivity of an anterior morphogenetic determinant in an insect egg (Smittia sp., Chironomidae, Diptera). In chironomid midges, the development of head and thorax in the embryo requires the function of cytoplasmic determinants localized near the anterior pole of the egg. Experimental inactivation of these determinants causes a dramatic switch in the developmental program of the embryo. Instead of the normal segment pattern, the aberrant pattern "double abdomen" is formed. Head, thorax, and anterior abdominal segments are then replaced by an additional set of posterior abdominal segments joined in mirror image symmetry to the original abdomen. Such double abdomens have been produced, with a maximum yield of 29%, by application of RNase (ribonuclease I, ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.22) to the anterior pole region of the egg. This was achieved by microinjection or puncturing the eggs during submersion in RNase. Control experiments with inactive RNase S fragments reliably proved that double abdomen formation resulted from RNase activity. Neither application of other enzymes to the anterior pole region nor application of RNase to other egg regions produced double abdomens in significant yields. The effects of RNase concentration and stage of development were determined. The data from these and earlier experiments are compatible with the idea that stored cytoplasmic RNP particles act as anterior determinants. Similarities to genetically caused switches in developmental pathways (homeotic mutations) are discussed.


Electron microscopic x-ray microanalysis of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. A comparative study of the elemental content of normal and leukemic cells was undertaken on a few subjects, using electron microscopic x-ray microanalysis. Phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, copper, and zinc were detected in intracellular loci. The concentration of some of the above elements appeared to be disease related. In leukemic lymphocytes, the nuclear zinc was significantly lower than that recorded in normal lymphocytes, while the phosphorus was only moderately decreased. This suggests a faulty zinc uptake or binding in leukemic cells. The possible consequences of intracellular zinc deficiency are discussed.


The caecilian ear: further observations. The structure of the ear is examined in two species of caecilians, Ichthyophis glutinosus and I. orthoplicatus, and the sensitivity to aerial sounds is assessed in terms of the electrical potentials of the cochlea. The results are in general agreement with previous reports on other caecilian species.


Radiological diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

Radiological diagnosis of osteosarcoma.


Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma.


Surgical treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.


Osteosarcoma in the dog.

Osteosarcoma in the dog.


Amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis.


The search for the Omphalos.

The search for the Omphalos.


Chapin Oration: Detection and prevention of thromboembolic disease.


Autotransplantation in primary parathyroid hyperplasia.


Value of enzyme studies after prostatic surgery.


Fluoride reactions with dental enamel following different forms of fluoride supply. The reactions with dental enamel of NaF as tablets dissolved in different beverages or supplied with NaCl, simulating domestic salt fluoridation, were studied in tests with enamel surfaces and enamel powder. It was confirmed that powdered enamel can react quite differently from enamel surfaces under certain conditions. Enamel surfaces took up much more fluoride (F) from orange juice than from water or milk, and neither the low pH nor the citrate content of the juice increased the formation of unstable CaF2 in the enamel, as judged from a KOH leaching test. The F uptake by enamel surfaces from 0.25 mM NaF in 175 mM NaCl, corresponding to a dish prepared with salt containing 500 parts/106 F, was about 80% greater than from the same NaF concentration in water. This NaCl concentration did not increase the formation of CaF2 in the enamel, as judged from the KOH test, while 350 mM NaCl caused a moderate increase. The investigations support the administration of NaF tablets with orange juice and plans for domestic salt fluoridation.


Polarized light microscopy of enamel structure in incisors from newborn infants. Enamel structure in human primary incisors was histologically examined in order to compare the observations with those from recent studies on incipient carious and fluorosed enamel. Ground sections from mandibular incisors of five full-term human infants were examined in polarized light using aqueous media (water, Thoulet's media), alcohols with different refractive indices, and quinoline. Imbibition graphs were made along traverses from the amelodentinal junction (ADJ) to the enamel surface. Quantitative assessments of the birefringence in different media along the traverses indicated a change in the relative volumes of crystallites and surrounding medium with a continuous growth of crystallites toward the ADJ. The influence of organic material is discussed in relation to the differences in calculated form birefringence observed within the specimens. When examined in quinoline, a 30-40-mum-thick surface zone appeared distinct positively birefringent, indicating that the outermost enamel reacted as a molecular sieve. Because of the lower content of minerals the interpretation of this zone differed from that of similar "dark zones" observed in carious and fluorosed enamel.


Influence of maturation status and tooth type of permanent teeth upon electrometric and thermal pulp testing. The threshold values of developing teeth were determined for two commonly used electrometric pulp testers (Siemens Sirotest and Bofors Pulp Tester) and a new thermal test based on carbon dioxide snow (Odontotest). The teeth examined were divided into 7 stages according to maturation status. This study showed that teeth in Stages 3-5, i.e. until completion of root formation, show an increased electrometric threshold value. The Siemens tester appeared to be equal to the Bofors tester with regard to reliability. The Odontotest was the most reliable method examined, giving a consistent positive response in all examined teeth.


Influence of splints and temporary crowns upon electric and thermal pulp-testing procedures. The influence of different splints and temporary crowns upon the reliability of electric and thermal pulp-testing procedures was examined in 10 patients with vital maxillary central incisors and 10 patients with vital maxillary central incisors and 10 patients with unilateral pulp necrosis of a central incisor. The pulp-testing procedures were: (1) Bofors Pulp Tester, (2) Siemens Sirotest, (3) heated guttapercha, (4) ice, and (5) carbon dioxide snow (Odontotest). The splints or temporary crowns were: (1) silver cap splint, (2) acrylic cap splint, (3) Hawley orthodontic plate, (4) Saur's arch bar, (5) orthodontic bands, (6) stainless steel crown, and (7) stainless steel crown with labial surface removed. A reliable electrometric pulp response could only be elicited if the pulp tester was applied directly upon enamel and preferably upon the incisal edge. In this instance metal splints or partial steel crowns applied to the tooth had no effect on the pain threshold. A false positive reaction in case of pulp necrosis was only elicited when the electrode was placed directly upon metal which contacted neighboring vital teeth. The use of ice and heated guttapercha appeared to be of limited value, due to inconsistent pulp responses. Carbon dioxide snow gave a reliable response, unless applied on the incisal edge.


Effect of fluoride on protein and collagen biosynthesis in rabbit dental pulp in vitro. The time course for incorporation of KC-proline into various fractions of rabbit dental pulp in vitro has been measured. In the TCA-soluble precursor pool a steady state level of activity was indicated upon incubation after 3 h, whereas incorporation into protein and 14C-hydroxyproline, i.e. collagen formation, increased linearly for 9 h, leveling off upon further incubation. A lag period of about 3 h was indicated for the appearance of high molecular weight 14C-activity, including 14C-hydroxyproline, in the medium, increasing linearly from 3 h to the end of the incubation period (22 h). In this system, fluoride exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. At 5.3 mM fluoride the uptake of 14C-proline into the TCA-soluble pool was inhibited by about 50%, and the incorporation into protein and the subsequent conversion to hydroxyproline by about 90 and 60%, respectively. Release of collagen, i.e. 14C-hydroxyproline-containing material, seemed to be the process most sensitive to fluoride; it was inhibited by about 50% at the lowest concentration (1.3 mM) tested.


In vivo uptake of fluoride by surface enamel of cleaned and plaque-covered teeth. Utilizing a newly developed biopsy method, the F uptake in the outer 3 mum of enamel from a single topical application of neutral NaF or amine F solution was tested on cleaned and plaque-covered premolars in 12- to 14-year-old children. Cleaned teeth treated with neutral NaF acquired only insignificant amounts of F. The presence of plaque seemed to enhance the deposition of F in surface enamel. The findings were discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action of topically applied fluorides. Topical treatments with amine F increased surface enamel F considerably more than the NaF. The F uptake was similar in cleaned and plaque-covered teeth. It was suggested that the usually performed plaque-removing procedures prior to topical F applications are superfluous and may even be disadvantageous.


Mandibular kinesthesia in fatigue of human jaw muscles. Fatigue was developed by four human subjects after negative work, and by two subjects after negative/positive work by the jaw muscles. Another four subjects did not develop fatigue subsequent to muscular exercise. In subjects with fatigue, the ability to perceive and/or produce repetitively a predetermined mandibular posture, i.e. mandibular kinesthesia, was impaired by about 285%. It is suggested that the distorted kinesthesia resulted from either a fatigue-induced failure of, or a fatigue-induced persistence of, jaw muscle fibers to contract, which in turn led to distorting flows of afferent impulses from muscles spindles and/or tendon organs.


Facial pain in negative and positive work of human jaw muscles. Ten healthy human male subjects with a mean age of 21 years performed negative and negative/positive work with the jaw muscles for about 21 min. The average amount of negative work was 13.3 kgm, while that of negative/positive work was 48.5 kgm. Eight subjects developed either spontaneous or provoked facial pain subsequent to the exercise. No positive correlations were demonstrated between the total number of facial pain sites and the amounts of work and power of the muscles, nor between the number of pain sites and the speed of mandibular movement. It is suggested that the appearance of facial pain was associated with the pre-experimental strength and conditioning of the jaw muscles.


Intraoral spread of the antimicrobial effect of a chlorhexidine gel. The aim of the study was to determine the range of the antimicrobial effect of Hibitane Dental Gel (ICI, Macclesfield, England), containing 1% chlorhexidine, when used as a dentifrice while brushing. A standard toothpaste with no claim for antibacterial activity (Pepsodent) was used as a control. Twenty-four dental students brushed their teeth during two 4-day periods using the closed mouth technique, i.e. they kept their teeth tightly clenched and brushed only the facial tooth surfaces twice daily. Before and after each test period the lingual and linguomesial surfaces of the mandibular teeth were scored for clearly visible plaque. The facially applied chlorhexidine gel had no more effect on plaque growth lingually than the standard toothpaste which was used as control. The lack of effect of the gel was suggested to be due to an insufficient spread and penetration capacity of its antimicrobial component.


On the solubility of zinc in the gamma-phase of the silver-mercury system. By measuring lattice constants of a number of Ag-Hg-Zn alloys with gamma-phase structure, it has been shown that apart from a possible two-phase field there exists a continuous solid solution between gamma (Ag-Hg) and gamma (Ag-Zn). A correlation between the Zn-content in the gamma 1 phase in set dental silver amalgam and the Zn-content in the corresponding alloy has been determined.


Fluoride release from a fluoride-containing amalgam and two luting cements. The release of fluoride from an amalgam and two luting cements, silicophosphate and polycarboxylate, was studied by shaking test specimens in a solution with hydroxyapatite, and measuring the fluoride taken up by the apatite. The initial release was significant for all three materials. After 1 week the amalgam released only minor amounts of fluoride, whereas the cements continued to liberate fluoride during the 5-week observation time to the same extent as silicates in earlier studies.


Allergy tests against formaldehyde, cresol, and eugenol in children with formocresol pulpotomized primary teeth. One hundred and twenty-eight children in the age range 5-14 years with formocresol pulpotomized teeth were tested for sensitivity againist formaldehyde, eugenol, and cresol using the patch test. The number of treated teeth on each child varied from one to six and the time between the pulpotomy and patch test varied from 2 months to 8 years. None of the children showed positive results.


The effect of vincristine on dentinogenesis in the rat incisor. A preliminary report on the histomorphologic effects of vincristine on rat incisor dentinogenesis is presented. Niche-like areas of osteodentin and a faint incremental line in the dentin were the main derangements observed after single injections of the drug. The severity of the lesions was dose-dependent.


Change in Ig expression of a human lymphoblastoid line during long-term culture. A human lymphoblastoid line, in continuous culture for over 3 years, showed changes in Ig expression with time. The following pattern of events was suggested by studies of Ig synthesis and secretion performed at intervals. In a mass culture containing a heterogeneous cell population, Ig expression may shift because of selection acting on the different phenotypes. In human lymphoblastoid lines there may be a tendency for selection to favor IgMchi-producing cells. In clones, including those that synthesize multiple H chains, substantial determinism for Ig expression is present.


Pharmacokinetic study of ketoprofen (19.583 R.P.) in man using the tritiated compound. Ketoprofen (19.583 R. P., Profenid N. D., Orudis) labelled with tritium was administered orally to 4 patients (3 men - 1 woman) at a dose of 150 mg (therapeutic dose) with a radioactivity of approximately 500 muCi. Tritiated ketoprofen capsules, which disintegrated in the stomach, were administered in particle size of the same order as in the clinical trial material. The ketoprofen plasma levels and the quantities of the compound excreted in the urine and faeces were measured for 5 days after the administration of the capsules. Ketoprofen is absorbed rapidly and its plasma levels, which vary from patient to patient, can be comparatively high (9 to 21.3 mg/l), but these levels fall rapidly by 2 or 3 half-lives. Ketoprofen and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine (approximately 85% of the radioactivity administered is excreted within 5 days) and to a very limited extent in the faeces (within 5 days: approximately 1 to 8% of the radioactivity administered). Thus the evaluation of the radioactivity shows that the compound and its metabolites are almost completely excreted by the 5th day after administration. The ketoprofen urinary excretion rate is fairly closely correlated with the disappearance of the compound from the plasma. Overall measurements of the compound in the plasma and urine show that ketoprofen undergoes a relatively significant degree of metabolic transformation in man since, on an average, approximately 55% of the administered compound is recovered as metabolites from urine samples. In faeces, the relative significance of the transformation into lipo-soluble metabolites and water-soluble substances suggests that the metabolic transformation has a bacterial origin which varies in different individuals. The parameters of the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen and its metabolism show no differences between the sexes in the cases studied.


Ophthalmic screening of patients receiving ketoprofen or flurbiprofen medication for inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases. Twenty-seven patients with inflammatory and degenerative arthritis, who had been treated with either ketoprofen and flurbiprofen, for a period of up to twenty-four months, were examined for evidence of ocular toxicity. A practical method for examining the ocular structures and assessing visual function is described. A number of ophthalmic abnormalities were noted but these were related to previous or present eye disease or degeneration. It was considered that no ocular toxic sideeffects could be attributed to either drug during the period of treatment.


The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in man during and after repeated oral dosing (50 mg q.i.d.) with Orudis. The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen were studied in 5 healthy male volunteers after the oral administration of Orudis as a single dose (50 mg) and during, and after a 24-day repeated dosing regimen (50 mg q.i.d.). Levels of ketoprofen in plasma and urine and of conjugated ketoprofen in urine were measured after extraction, by a gas-liquid chromatographic method, which involved the use of a structurally similar internal standard. The minimum level of detection of the method was 40 ng ketoprofen/ml of plasma or 20 ng ketoprofen/ml of urine. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained following a single oral dose, were comparable with those obtained in previous studies with human subjects from Britain, America and France. Repeated oral administration of a therapeutically effective dose of Orudis (50 mg q.i.d.), resulted in the rapid attainment of a plateau plasma level of ketoprofen, which was maintained throughout the course of dosing. Ketoprofen plasma levels and urinary clearance after the final dose of the 24-day repeated oral dosing regimen, were more variable and generally lower than those found following a single oral dose. However, the early plasma half-lives for the two experiments were similar. It was concluded that in the initial stages of repeated dosing a reduction in ketoprofen absorption, compared to that found after a single oral dose, occurred, and resulted in lower plasma levels of drug.


Thirty-two year old Caucasian female with mass in the abdomen of two years duration.


Cytomorphological determinants of prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children. In children with ALL, the appearance of leukemic cells in stained spreads can be useful in predicting outcome of the disease. Cell size and nucleolar size and prominence are the two criteria, detectable on Romanowsky-stained bone marrow spreads, which permit such prediction. In a series of 93 children with ALL, 48 "poor risk" patients were detected. More than 1% of the bone marrow blast cells of these patients exceeded in diameter twice the diameter of nearby red blood cells, and, on average, more than one nucleolus was visible in every two leukemic cells. The survival of these 48 patients (estimated median 18 mo) was significantly worse (p = 0.0036) than that of the other 45 patients (estimated median over 5 yr). Analysis of the series with respect to other risk factors (age, leukocytosis at diagnosis) revealed the cytomorphological risk to be independent of the other two. Comparison of this method with others which have been used suggests that the proposed method may be more reproducible (capable of being learned) than others because it relies on specific characteristics rather than on total recognition of a "cell type," and that it may select a higher proportion of "poor risk" patients than other methods. PAS-positivity may be a useful additional criterion.


State of the USD School of Medicine-1976.


A quest for earlier and more organized rehabilitation of the coronary patient.


The pathogenesis and clinical patterns of blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blast crisis terminates the life of the majority (approximately 80%) of patients with CML. The time of its onset appears to be a random phenomenon, varying from a probable coincidence occurrence with the onset of CML to more than a decade after onset of the chronic phase. In most patients the diagnosis is obvious as very immature cells are found to be the predominant cell in blood and marrow. However, in some, the onset is fairly subtle and the diagnosis of the syndrome will be dependent upon ancillary clinical and laboratory clues supplementing morphologic appearance of the blood and bone marrow. The same spectrum of morphological cell types is observed in blast crisis as is observed in acute myeloid leukemia. The predominant cells usually are myeloblasts and promyelocytes but may be immature monocytes, myelomonocytes, proerythroblasts, or immature megakaryocytes. These and other findings imply that the defect resides in the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. It is possible, but by no means proven, that lymphoblastic conversion also may occur. Therapy of blast crisis is quite unsatisfactory but clearly is of benefit in some patients.


Cytogenetic heterogeneity of the acute leukemias. Cytogenetic abnormalities have been found in approximately 50% of all patients with acute leukemia. Although no chromosomal abnormalities have been found which are characteristic of a specific cell type, patients with AML and DiGuglielmo's syndrome more frequently have hypodiploid chromosome numbers, while patients with ALL seldom have hypodiploid numbers of chromosomes and may actually exhibit an extreme degree of hyperdiploidy in the leukemic cells. Chromosome analysis may be helpful in characterizing patients with preleukemia and DiGuglielmo's syndrome, and aneuploidy may correlate with shortened survival in these conditions. Although data so far available are conflicting concerning the relationship of aneuploidy to response to therapy in patients with acute leukemia, it is possible that as improved therapeutic regimens become available for the treatment of acute leukemia, more sophisticated cytogenetic analysis may be helpful in predicting survival and response to therapy.


Prognostic factors in acute leukemia.

Prognostic factors in acute leukemia.


Acute erythroid leukemia after cyclophosphamide therapy for multiple myeloma: report of two cases. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made in two white men, aged 55 and 59 years. They were treated with cyclophosphamide for 98 and 44 months respectively. Patient 1 also received a nine-month course of combined therapy with melphalan, procarbazine, and prednisone. Both developed acute erythroid leukemia, 98 and 71 months after the original diagnosis of myeloma, and died of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cardiac arrest. Patient 1 developed squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with recurrence, and Patient 2 developed anaplastic carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Palliative radiation therapy was given. The development of erythroid leukemia plus carcinoma in these two men suggests mutagenic change secondary to cyclophosphamide therapy.


Anorexia and weight loss in the portacaval-shunted pig. The pig shows a marked response to end-to-side portacaval shunt. Survival is short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol fall. This study was designed to determine the role of the reduced food intake which follows the operation upon these results. In pair-fed, sham-operated pigs, survival was short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol also fell. Sham-operated animals fed normally did not show this response. Reduced appetite has been recorded in many experimental animals after portacaval shunt, but the cause remains to be elucidated. Encephalopathy, bacteremia, peptic ulceration, or hormonal imbalance could be implicated. Similar alteration in appetite and weight loss have not been observed in children who have been treated by portacaval shunt for glycogen storage disease or hypercholesterolemia; however, the underlying metabolic disorder or the species difference may be a contributory cause.


Malignancies in blood-forming organs following diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: a review. Ionizing radiation used for diagnosis or therapy has been associated with an increased incidence of malignancies of blood-forming organs. The increased incidence of hematopoietic malignancies following exposure to ionizing radiation obtained in the course of occupation, diagnosis and therapy of disease, or as a weapon of war is documented. The natural occurrence and the induced progression to acute leukemia of polycythemia rubra vera, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, Di Guglielmo's disease, and reticuloendothelial malignancies are discussed. The status of transplantation and immunodeficiency states and their relationship to acute leukemia is reviewed. Finally, drugs, toxins, and the use of cytotoxic radiomimetic agents for nonmalignant purposes are shown to lead to the development of acute leukemia. Background information relevant to the  proper use of future diagnostic and therapeutic modalities is provided.


Fluoride tablets in pre-school-age--effect on primary and permanent teeth.


Selection of less hazardous between meal snacks.


Oral and manual recognition of forms. Part III. Oral muscular ability.


Incidence of bacteremias caused by dental procedures: a review.


Why unwaxed dental floss?

Why unwaxed dental floss?


Happily ever after apart.

Happily ever after apart.


Treatment of chronic myelocytic leukaemia with dibromo-mannitol (myelobromol).


Hemodynamic changes in rats after radioprotective combination of cystamine administered subcutaneously and 5-methoxytryptamine injected intramuscularly. Administration of cystamine (20 mg base/kg s.c.) and 5-methoxytryptamine (10 mg base/kg i.m.) with 12 minutes delay to anesthetized rats induced the depression of whole cardiovascular system, hemoconcentration and great blood flow decrease in the radiosensitive tissues. Distributionof lowered cardiac output preferred the fractions to brain, heart, liver and lungs. Hemodynamic responses to protective combination may participate in its radioprotective action.


Identification, stabilization, and transport of the high-risk neonate.


Unusual manifestations of acute lymphocytic leukemia.


Psychiatric diagnosis and referral: a critical reappraisal.


Diagnosis and treatment of benign lesions in the upper urinary collecting system.


Interpretation of non-interpretive psychiatric intervention in the general hospital setting: an overview of the psychiatric consultation.


Carcinoid tumors and carcinoid syndrome.


Asbestosis in West Virginia and Eastern Ohio.


Liver biopsy with the Vim Tru Cut needle.


Spontaneous recanalization of vas deferens.


Pulmonary metastasis formation after trauma.


Hiatal hernia. Follow-up of a ten-year material. A clinical study of 70 patients with hernia hiatus oesophagi (59 sliding hernias, 11 paraoesophageal), of whom 22 had received primary surgery, 33 medical treatment and 15 with no discomfort from the hernia had no primary treatment at all. None of the patients in any of these groups had undergone an operation later. A follow-up examination in 1972-73 was achieved in 43 of the 70 patients (16 of those with surgery, 18 with medical treatment and 9 with no treatment); 6 of the others did not attend the follow-up and 21 had died. Of the 16 operated patients, 8 stated they were free from discomfort and 8 that they had improved (7 of the latter only after additional medical treatment). Of the 18 patients who had received only medical treatment, 8 stated that they were free from discomfort (2 of them not until the medication had been changed), 6 that they had improved, 2 had noted no improvement, and 2 a deterioration even though their medication had been changed. Of the 9 untreated patients, 4 stated that they still had no discomfort and 5 that discomfort had materialised later; subsequent medical treatment had eliminated the discomfort in 2 of the later and produced an improvement in 2 more; the 5th patient had not reacted to medical treatment - the follow-up disclosed an inoperable gastric carcinoma.


Hemolytic transfusion reactions caused by failure of commercial antiglobulin reagents to detect complement. Two definite acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occurred in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis. Both suspect units were entirely compatible by routine crossmatch using commercial antiblobulin sera. However, both units were clearly incompatible using our own specific anti-C3 antiserum in the antiglobulin reaction phase of the crossmatch. Subsequently it was possible to predict in vivo compatibility using our anti-C3 antiserum in vitro. This case adds new evidence for the inadequacy of anticomplement activity in commercial antisera.


Secondary red cell pyruvate kinase deficiency. II. Biochemical studies for the mechanism of pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythroleukemia.


Bronchial brushing during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the cytodiagnosis of lung cancer: comparison with sputum and bronchial washings. In a study of 50 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma in which brushings and washings during fiberoptic bronchoscopy, as well as sputum cytopathologic examinations were performed in the same patients, accuracy rates were respectively: 76 per cent, 76 per cent and 56 per cent. The main cytologic differences setting brush apart from wash and sputum specimens referred to the arrangement of tumor cells as well as the distribution of chromatin within their nuclei. These differences appeared related to cell degeneration which was minimal in brush materials and maximum in sputum specimens. Only six cases were assigned a different cell type of bronchogenic carcinoma when brush cytopathologic diagnoses were compared with results obtained by biopsy or lobectomy specimens. Our findings are consistent with the view that the brush technique is very accurate for the cytodiagnosis of lung cancer and becomes also rather specific once cytologic characteristics of the fresher samples obtained become familiar to the cytopathologist. Non-observance of the special characteristics of these better preserved cellular samples is the major pitfall as to diagnosing, cell typing and judging degree of differentiation of bronchogenic carcinoma in brush cytology specimens.


Quenched fluorescence of acriflavine intercalated into cellular DNA.


Effect of repeated bloodletting on the incidence of 2,7-FAA-induced rat leukemia. The oral administration of N,N'-2,7-fuorenylenebisacetamide (2,7-FAA) induced leukemia, especially mature granulocytic leukemia, in rats. 2,7-FAA was administered to the rats of the Wistar strain and a small amount of bloodletting was repeated for a long period. The incidence of leukemia and mature granulocytic leukemia became elevated by bloodletting. The induction of mature granulocytic leukemia might be increased by the promotion of granulopoiesis which had been suppressed by 2,7-FAA.


Experimentally developed cellular resistance to daunomycin. Resistance mechanisms, the daunomycin-pump and cross resistance to adriamycin, vincristine and vinblastine.


Pale nodular nuclei-diagnostic of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas? Malignant cells with an unusual and striking appearance are described in a series of cases with carcinoma of the pancreas. It is suggested that the pale nodular nuclei seen in these cases may be of diagnostic value.


The editor's word.

The editor's word.


Male youths. A sociopsychiatric study of a total annual population of Swedish adolescent boys.


Production of a small circulation periodical.


A resource worth tapping: undergraduate.


Evidence for glucocorticoid receptor in human leukocytes. The glucocorticoid uptake in vitro by human periferal leukocytes was studied. The uptake showed 2 main components, one saturable and one non-saturable. The saturable component was compared with the uptake by the specific glucocorticoid receptor in rabbit granulocytes. The similarities with the rabbit receptor in structural specificity, time course of uptake at 37 degrees C, sensitivity to metabolic inhibition by PCMS and the physiological concentration for half saturation indicate that the saturable component corresponds to a specific glucocorticoid receptor. Cells from chronic lymphatic leukemia and chronic myeloic leukemia were also studied. Only the former had a saturable glucocorticoid uptake.


A biodifferential system of face-bow mechanics. A review of the literature, both scientific and commercial, did not demonstrate the separation of the inner and outer bows into a biodifferential interchangeable system. The prime design idea, to separate the inner and outer bows, increased versatility and yielded a multiple appliance with a greater range of use and safety. The joint couple systems could be adapted to fulfill the criteria cited in the literature during preliminary treatment (deciduous dentition), partial treatment, full-banded treatment, and retention. The biodifferential design was compatible with most mechanical orthodontic appliances and systems currently used. The three joint designs presented and the three inner bow lock devices fulfilled the parameters expected from the normal use of the present face-bow in necessary strength, stability, and use. Further, the use of a joint couple between the inner and outer bows expanded the versatility of the face-bow into a biodifferential system and allowed for an easily manageable and orderly change of forces, vectors, sizes, and shapes requiring little chair time and minimum instruction to the patient. The inner bow could be used as an intraoral appliance for bumpers, shields, and oral screens. These easily made, preformed, interlocking parts could be marked or color coded as to type and size and keyed, grooved, and designed to prevent inverted interlocking of parts. The inner bow could be tied in, as an aid in patient cooperation, or the inner and outer bows could be pinned or ligated together to prevent separation. One of the most important factors of the biodifferential system is protection of the patient from severe trauma to the eyes, face, and mouth due to misuse or accident, as has occurred in the one-piece face-bow. The biodifferential system fulfills the five criteria of the investigation: (1) a system of interchangeable, interlocking joint parts, (2) safety and dependability, (3) easy changes in force, vectors, and moments, (4) enhanced patient cooperation, and (5) oral hygiene.


Comprehensive care of cleft lip and palate children at Zürich university: a preliminary report.


Class II treatment in orthodontics.

Class II treatment in orthodontics.


Statistical criteria for the cytology of gastric cancer a proposal of distance index. The concept and term of Distance Index, a complex ratio of cell, nucleus and nucleolus has been previously reported by the author. Twenty were sampled from thirty-four advanced cancers, twenty-one early cancers and six benign atypical lesions for this stochastical diagnostics. Distance Index was proved to have better diagnostic value in separatings the gastric cancer and the benign epithelium than the nuclear cell ratio and the nucleolar cell ratio. It has been found that the value of the constant K is most suitable at 130.


Centers of rotation for combined vertical and transverse tooth movements. For purely transverse orthodontic tooth movements, the center of rotation is defined as that point on the long axis or its extension which remains stationary during the movement and around which the rotational component of the tooth displacement takes place. For tooth movements having both vertical and transverse components, no point on the long-axis line remains fixed in space. The two-dimensional theory proposed herein suggests the more general definition of the center of rotation as that point on the long-axis line which displaced the shortest distance during the tooth movement. The center of rotation can be located for the combined transverse and vertical tooth displacement. It is found to move along a path coincident with a segment of a line in a position depicting the tooth angulation midway through the movement. Formulas, which can be used in conjunction with a composite pre- and post-displacement cephalometric tracing, are presented herein to define the center-of-rotation location for such tooth movements.


The mandibular plane and mandibular rotation.


The prognostic value of the aspiration biopsy smear in mammary carcinoma. The prognostic significance of various morphologic factors (size of nuclei, nucleoli, mitotic frequency, naked carcinoma nuclei, nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, size of cell clusters, necrotic matter, mucoid matter, and lymphocytes) was studied in aspiration biopsy smears from 494 carcinomas of the breast. A multivariate analysis of clinical and cytologic variables was performed with regard to five-and ten-year survival.


A treatment for unilateral ectopic canines.


The Association, international relations, and the European Orthodontic Society.


A comparative study of condenser humidifiers. Three currently available condenser humidifiers were studied to assess their ability to conserve water loss and to measure the resistance imposed by the apparatus. The value and possible effectiveness of these devices in clinical practice is discussed.


Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy of acute leukemia. Report of two cases. Two adult male patients with acute leukemia developed a fatal Budd-Chiari-like illness while receiving 6-thioguanine. Both had previously received cytosine arabinoside. Antemortem and postmortem specimens of liver showed changes characteristic of toxic veno-occlusive disease. Similar findings have been described after ingestion of certain plant alkaloids and after treatment with arsphenamine, urethane, and ionizing radiation to the liver. We are unaware of any published reports of veno-occlusive disease of the liver after treatment with either 6-thioguanine or cytosine arabinoside. Although 6-thioguanine was most likely responsible for this syndrome, it is not possible to eliminate cytosine arabinoside as the causative agent. Since both drugs are occasionally used for benign conditions, physicians should be aware of this possible complication.


Secondary leukemia with munchausen filariasis.


Staphylococcal bacteremia in a "Germ-free" unit. The rate of carriage and infections due to strains of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated in adults with acute leukemia in isolators characterized by laminar air flow and barrier isolation. Patients were randomly given antimicrobial prophylaxis with oral nonabsorbed antibiotics and a nasal antibiotic ointment. In four years S aureus was isolated from the nostrils or other sites in 36 patients. Persistent isolation was noted in 24 patients. Suppression of gut flora was associated with a higher carriage rate of S aureus. Five episodes of bacteremia due to S aureus occurred at the nadir of leukopenia induced by chemotherapy. Death occurred within five days in the three patients whose peripheral white blood cell count did not rise. Patient isolation and suppression of gut flora helped reduce infections due to Pseudomonas sp and fungi, but S aureus emerged as a life-threatening pathogen.


The preleukemic syndrome.

The preleukemic syndrome.


Metric and morphologic characteristics of the dentition in beta thalassaemia major in man.


A transmission electron microscopic study of 7-day old bacterial plaque in human tooth fissures.


Purification and properties of a cell-associated levan-sucrase from Streptococcus salivarius SS2.


Electrophoretic mobility of oral streptococci.


Effects of changes in surface area, thickness, temperature and post-extraction time on human dentine permeability.


The nature of the sulphate grouping in a rat salivary sulphated glycoprotein.


Amniotic fluid and rat palatal fusion in vitro.


[Routine whole-skeleton x-ray investigation of 116 children with leukemia. Practical and prognostic value].


The inhibition of acid production in human saliva by monofluorophosphate.


Effect of specimen preparation on the appearance of the rat periodontal ligament in the scanning electron microscope.


A fructose 1,6-diphosphate-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase in a strain of Streptococcus mutans.


Lysozyme concentrations in the gingival crevice and at other oral sites in human subjects with and without gingivitis.


Effect of a sealant, used in conjunction with topical fluoride application, on fluoride concentrations in human tooth enamel.


Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral bacteria: release of lysosomal hydrolases from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to gram-positive plaque bacteria.


Acceleration and circadian rhythm of eruption rates in the rat incisor.


Epidermal growth factor in the submandibular salivary glands of congenitally athymic mice.


Epidemiology of dental caries in relation to Streptococcus mutans on tooth surfaces in 5-year-old children.


Bacteriocin patterns of strains belonging to various serotypes of Streptococcus mutans.


Cigarette smoking and the microbial flora of the mouth. A range of selective media was used to culture the microbial flora of the dental plaque, tongue and palate, The subjects were five young men who smoked more than twenty cigarettes a day and four who did not smoke. Neisseriae were less numerous on the mucosal surfaces of the smokers.


Oral surgery in general dental practice. VIII. Removal of lower third molars.


Parotid saliva acid phosphatase in health and disease. Acid phosphatase levels in serum from 5 patients with prostatic carcinoma were diagnostically higher than those from 5 patients who had undergone prostatectomy. The levels for saliva when compared with those from normal subjects for stimulated (314) and unstimulated (50) salivas could not serve as an index of serum concentration.


Correlation between streptococci of human dental plaques and dental caries. Plaque samples from 27 buccal tooth surfaces were obtained with sterile McCall curettes from available third molars. Bacteriological sampling and biochemical tests were carried out to identify four groups of streptococci, i.e. Str. mutans, Str. spp., Str. sanguis and Str. mitis. Clinical examinations carried out 6 months after the dental scrapings were taken showed a strong positive correlation between detectable lesions and Str. mutans.


The effect of treatment provided by dentists and therapists in the South Australian school dental service. The second report. A survey of over 2,000 second year high school students at 13 South Australian schools indicated that those who had received school dental care at primary school had fewer carious teeth and, in some respects, better oral hygiene habits. Whilst they were better informed on dental subjects than were control students, fewer had attended a private dentist since leaving primary school.


Free full thickness mucosal grafts in the mouth. Examples of full thickness mucosal grafts used in sulcoplasty and the closure of defects in the tongue and cheek following tumour ablation are shown and the techniques in their use are demonstrated. The problems and advantages in this are considered.


The rate of development of strength in base forming materials for dental amalgam. Eleven base forming materials used under amalgam restorations were examined for the rate of development of their compressive and tensile strengths. Materials from three categories were compared. Under in vitro conditions of testing, it was found that, immediately after a state of clinical set had been reached, the quick-setting zinc oxide-eugenol materials possessed strengths significantly greater than the calcium hydroxide cements but significantly weaker than the zinc phosphate cements. Calcium hydroxide cements possessed the lowest compressive strength to tensile strength ratio and modified zinc oxide-eugenol materials the highest.


Twenty-first Australian Congress, Adelaide.


Improvement in the properties of gypsum casts by polymer impregnation. It is known that porous solids such as Portland cement, concrete, and ceramic tile bodies can be strengthened by polymer impregnation. The solid material is infiltrated with a liquid monomer, which is then polymerized in situ. In the present investigation, it has been found that this process is effective for strengthening gypsum casts prepared from ordinary laboratory plaster. Impregnation with poly(methyl methacrylate) confers marked improvements in tensile and compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The process would be particularly applicable to the preservation of study casts for record purposes.


Dental materials. Glass ionomer cement.

Dental materials. Glass ionomer cement.


Dentine hypersensitivity.

Dentine hypersensitivity. Reports received from 32 dentists on the effect of a complex mixture of calcium sucrose phosphate and calcium orthophosphate used as a gel, toothpaste, or slurry in relieving pain in hypersensitive dentine show, in 137 patients, complete relief in 112. It was found that in 54 patients the prior use of stannous fluoride prophylactic paste was beneficial.


Prevention against disease.

Prevention against disease.


Infective endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis.


Removal of third molars.

Removal of third molars.


Life assurance.

Life assurance.


Is that apicoectomy really necessary.

Is that apicoectomy really necessary.


The relationship between skeletal maturation, malocclusion, and dentition.


The effects of manipulative variables on base forming materials for amalgam restorations. The influence of several manipulative variables on the compressive and tensile strengths of eight base forming materials has been investigated. The most important manipulative variable from the point of view of influencing the development of strength was found to be the powder-liquid ratio. In particular, thicker mixes produced greater early strengths. The setting time of each material was found to be influenced more by the temperature during setting than the ambient temperature or presence of moisture.


The ingestion of fluoride tablets and the mottling of enamel.


Pathophysiology of occlusal balance.

Pathophysiology of occlusal balance. Functional disturbances of the masticatory system reflect a failure in the adaptive capacity of the individual to excessive structural and functional demands. Formerly, a particular type of articulation, balanced occlusion, was thought necessary for maintaining the health of the dental apparatus. Over the years the concept of stability of occlusion has evolved, however controversy still exists as to where stable tooth contact is made, centric occlusion of centric jaw relation. In order to express biological adaptability within the normal masticatory system, harmony at the anatomical median occlusal position is suggested as the prerequisite of a physiologically balanced occlusion.


Laboratory effectiveness of different types of fluoride compounds. The enamel solubility reducing characteristics of four fluorides -- sodium fluoride (NaF), acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), stannous fluoride (SnF2), and sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F), each prepared to contain 1.23 per cent F are evaluated. Initial solubility reduction by SnF2, 81.7 per cent was significantly (P less than .01) higher than that of 76.9 per cent provided by APF, however, after repeated exposure to acid etches the protection by APF became significantly (P less than .01) higher than that derived from SnF2. The durability of protection provided by SnF2 after overnight washing, was significantly (P less than .01) higher than that of APF. Results for NaF and MFP were significantly (P less than .01) lower than those of either APF or SnF2 at any point in the experiment.


The clinical effectiveness of a disposable aspirating syringe. In 18 per cent of mandibular block injections and 2 per cent of maxillary infiltrations blood appeared in the carpule aspiration. In 500 mandibular block injections when an aspirating syringe was used in 250, only 0.7 per cent patients suffered toxic side effects compared with 5 per cent when a conventional non-aspirating syringe was used.


A comparitive study of the healing of wounds made by scalpel and electrosurgery in rabbits. A study in the rabbit of the healing of wounds made by electrosurgery and scalpel showed less damage to the tissues arose with the scalpel and healing was more advanced at 24 and 48 hours. More extensive bleeding occurred when electrosurgery was used on the tongue. At 72 hours extensive fibrous tissue was seen but infiltration with inflammatory cells was heavier where electrosurgery was used. Epithelium had covered all wounds at seven days but basal cell layers were not complete and papillae had not reappeared on the tongue.


Variability of the nasion-subnasal, subnasalgnathion, and bizygomatic distances of individuals of 6, 7, 11, and 15 years of age and their importance in the determination of the vertical dimension. A study of the cephalometric points which represent the height and width of the face was undertaken in the city of Piracicaba on 576 boys and girls aged 6, 7, 11, and 15 years. Analysis of the data shows that the measurements increased progressively and proportionately with age and the importance of the cephalometric points in the determination of the vertical dimension in occlusion.


Community health centres.

Community health centres.


Gonadotrophin stimulation for oocyte recovery and in vitro fertilization in infertile women.


Ovulation induction by human FSH--the results of the Australian programme.


[Conflict between adolescents and the family].


Human leukaemic cells. Determination of trace elements in nucleic acids and histones by neutron-activation analyses. Trace metals were measured by neutron-activation analyses in purified nucleic acids and histone(s) of lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia or infectious mononucleosis and from normal donor DNA isolated from lymphocytes of a patient with infectious mononucleosis and a normal donor showed a high a high content of Cr2+, Sb2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+, whereas DNA of lymphoblasts from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia had a lower content of these trace metals, but the Co2+ content was 20-fold higher than in DNA or normal donor lymphocytic cells. Total histones from leukaemic cells had higher contents of most of the trace metals except for Zn2+, which was present in lesser concentration than in histones from normal donor lymphocytic cells. Lysine-rich (F1) histones showed lower contents of Cr2+, Sb2+ and Co2+, whereas arginine-rich (F3) histones had significantly higher contents of these trace metals. These observations may be of interest in that F3 histones more effectively inhibit RNA synthesis in human lymphocytic cells than do other species of histones.


The state of alcoholism in Spain covering its epidemiological and aetiological aspects.


Social and psychological features of young drug misusers.


Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in chronic alcoholics.


Sexual aspects of drug abuse in narcotic addicts.


Affective changes in chronic opiate use.


Personality characteristics in a sample of heroin addict methadone maintenance applicants.


The effects of drug talks to school children.


Treatability of addicts: hypothesis and results.


Risk-taking and drug dependence.

Risk-taking and drug dependence.


Studies with the folate binding protein in chronic granulocytic leukaemia cells. I. Synthesis and release of binder by cells in short-term culture. Chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) cells which contained a high concentration of unsaturated folate binding protein were incubated in suspension culture for a period of 5 h. Cell samples were periodically assayed for binder and these demonstrated active synthesis which was inhibited by puromycin, cyclo heximide, N-ethylmaleimide, and by incubation at 4 degrees C, but not by actinomycin D. Folate binding activity could also be demonstrated in the culture medium and this increased with the duration of incubation. This release of binder was inhibited by culturing the cells at 4 degrees C and by the addition of N-ethylmaleimide, but not by actinomycin D, puromycin, or cycloheximide. When the pre- and post-culture cell lysates were saturated with tritiated folic acid ([3H]PteGlu) and subjected to chromatography on DEAE-agrarose, approximately half of the bound folate eluted with 0.001 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and the other half  eluted with 0.2 M buffer at pH 7.2. The culture medium and plasma from this patient with CGL was well as serum from two normal subjects saturated with [3H]PteGlu and similarly chromatographed contained primarily the acidic binder and much less of the binder eluting with the low molarity buffer. Since a folate binding protein immunochemically similar to the binder in CGL cells has been identified in the serum of non-leukaemic subjects, these experiments suggest that the source of circulating folate binding protein may be the immature granulocyte.


The profile in facial aesthetics.

The profile in facial aesthetics.


Responsibility and the orthodontist.

Responsibility and the orthodontist.


The heat treatment of wires: a preliminary report.


Innovation in skeletal II treatment including effective incisor root torque in a preliminary removable appliance phase.


Treatment of deep overbite.

Treatment of deep overbite.


Four handed orthodontics.

Four handed orthodontics.


Some orthodontic problems associated with cleft lip and palate.


Treatment of residual neoplastic disease in solid tumours. Contemporary clinical research is actively engaged at the conquest of residual neoplastic disease. The preliminary results of combined treatment modalities for osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, malignant melanoma and Hodgkin's disease have shown a significant decrease in the incidence of distant metastases. In some neoplasias the decreased relapse rate was associated to improved survival. Since the problem of long-term carcinogenesis does exist, the use of prolonged adjuvant chemotherapy, at present moment, is best limited to patients at high risk of early relapse when treated only with local or local-regional modalities.


Control of dental disease is within our grasp.


Trisomy 8 mosaicism in the skin of a patient with leukemia.


Leukemia in a twin with multiple congenital limb abnormalities.


Dentistry: 1986. Leave your castles and speak out for dentistry.


Dental school enrollment decreases.

Dental school enrollment decreases.


PEP survey on dentists' attitudes completed.


Decentralization of medicine.

Decentralization of medicine.


Prospective medical manpower requirements, by specialty and geographic distribution.


Attitudes of the coordination council on medical education toward physician manpower.


Medical schools and the delivery of health care.


The objectives of primary-care educational programs.


Should the medical curriculum be modified to influence career choice and if so, how?


The view of a family physician.

The view of a family physician.


The obstetrician and gynecologist.

The obstetrician and gynecologist.


Education of the internist: primary care.


Allied health personnel and health-manpower problems.


Potential toxicity to the doctor.

Potential toxicity to the doctor.


Bringing the individuals together to form a team.


Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia uncovered by successful treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia.


Measurement and reduction of occupational exposure to inhaled anaesthetics. The occupational exposure of hospital staff to inhaled anaesthetics was investigated using a personal sampling device that provides a measure of the average concentrations breathed by a person over a period of time, as distinct from the spot sampling in the general environment. The anaesthetist's average exposure to nitrous oxide and halothane during complete operating sessions was twice that expected from simple dilution of the escaping gases by the operating room ventilation. The sampling technique was also used to evaluate the effect of (1) redirection of the waste gas outflow; (2) active scavenging connected to the piped vacuum system. Short-period studies under controlled conditions in the operating theatres and anaesthesia induction rooms showed that the anaesthetist's exposure could be reduced two- or fourfold by redirecting the outflow and another four- to sixfold by active scavenging. Exposures during complete operating sessions were reduced two- to seven-fold by scavenging.


Acute myelofibrosis and acute myeloblastic leukaemia.


Cyclophosphamide therapy and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Intersitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis developed in a 72-year-old man during therapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. After extensive investigations, including an open lung biopsy, cyclophosphamide appeared to be the cause of the pulmonary disease. Complete disappearance of tachypnea and the pulmonary infiltrates occurred after the discontinuation of cyclophosphamide and the institution of prednisone therapy. We concluded that the diffuse pulmonary disease in this patient was a result of cyclophosphamide therapy. The clinical and pathologic findings in this case and a review of the literature of cyclophosphamide pulmonary toxicity are reported.


Chemoimmunotherapy for maintenance in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Of 30 adult patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 14 achieved complete remission. Eight of these were given chemoimmunotherapy for maintenance. The immunotherapy consisted of intradermal pooled allogeneic leukemic cells (snap-frozen irradiated) and BCG vaccine given by Heaf gun, given twice in 4 weeks. The chemotherapy was given for 1 week in 4 weeks. The median duration of remission in these eight patients was 115+ weeks and the median duration of survival was 147+ weeks. The other six patients who were given chemotherapy only for maintenance had a median duration of remission of 15 weeks and a median survival of 52 weeks. The two groups cannot be compared properly, however, as allocation of patients was not random, and the chemotherapy differed significantly.


Clinico-pathologic correlation of liver damage in patients treated with 6-mercaptopurine and Adriamycin. Eleven adults with refractory leukemia treated with a combination of 6-mercaptopurine and Adriamycin developed hepatic dysfunction manifested by elevations of serum total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Liver tissue obtained at necropsy showed intrahepatic cholestasis (eight cases), hepatocellular necrosis (ten cases), leukemic infiltration (two cases), and fatty change (nine cases). Neither this frequency nor severity of hepatocellular destruction has hitherto been associated with 6-mercaptopurine at the dose levels used in this study, nor has Adriamycin previously been found to be hepatotoxic. It is postulated that Adriamycin potentiated the hepatotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine in these patients.


Fungal infection of muscle in acute leukemia. A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and granulocytopenia developed fever and diffuse muscle pain and weakness while under therapy. Blood cultures grew Candida Krusei and autopsy showed diffuse muscle fungal infestation.


Philadelphia chromosome in acute leukemia: case report. A case report of serial chromosome studies on a child presumed to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is presented. Hematologic remission was achieved after 3 weeks and maintained until death 63 weeks later. The classic Philadelphia chromosome translocation was found, both at diagnosis and throughout the course of the disease, in a proportion of cells from PHA-stimulated blood cultures. The finding is related to other reports of Philadelphia-positive clones in ALL, as well as those in chronic myeloid leukemia and its acute transformation, and other myeloproliferative disorders. The origin of the Philadelphia chromosome in this case is considered in the light of current stem cell theory, and its relevance to lymphocytic neoplasia is discussed. We believe that the finding of a Ph1-positive clone in a cell line morphologically indistinguishable from normal lymphocytes in a case of acute leukemia is unique.


Leukemic ophthalmopathy in children.

Leukemic ophthalmopathy in children. Abnormalities of the eye were detected in 52 of 657 children (9%) suffering from acute leukemia. The treatment for leukemia was single agent chemotherapy administered sequentially. "Prophylactic" treatment of the central nervous system was not administered. Major manifestations of leukemic ophthalmopathy comprised retinal hemorrhage (in 19) and infiltration of the optic nerve, retina, iris or orbit (29). The ophthalmopathy was treated by topical dexamethasone and radiation therapy. Concurrent bone marrow relapse occurred in most patients. Twenty-seven of 29 patients whose cerebrospinal fluid was examined before or at the time of the onset of leukemic ophthalmopathy demonstrated meningeal leukemia. In contrast, this complication has not been observed in recent patients who received "prophylactic" treatment for meningeal leukemia. Leukemic invasion of the eye should receive appropriate recognition; the posterior pole should be included in the treatment of the central nervous system as a pharmacologic sanctuary.


Sequencing of cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878) and daunorubicin (NSC-82151) in acute myelogenous leukemia.


The current status of the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Mortality of permanent teeth.

Mortality of permanent teeth.


An investigation into oral stereognosis.


Variations in the rate of salivary secretion.


Upon reaching a new level of competence.


Awards night.

Awards night.


15 in 1976 class earn OKU honor.

15 in 1976 class earn OKU honor.


Commencement '76.

Commencement '76.


Be prepared! Major changes are coming.

Be prepared! Major changes are coming.


The case for WAADA.

The case for WAADA.


Rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes. III. Studies in patients with primary immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative disorders. Rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes and other cell-surface markers were examined on lymphocytes from patients with a variety of primary immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative disorders. Mouse erythrocyte rosette-forming cells and lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulins were regularly absent in patients with Bruton type agammaglobulinaemia, immunodeficiency and thymoma syndrome and severe combined immunodeficiency disease. However, they were present in normal or low numbers in patients with common variable immunodeficiency, selective IgA deficiency and ataxis telangiectasia. Lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides made no or few rosettes with mouse erythrocytes. Increased numbers of mouse erythrocyte rosette-forming cells were present in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. The significance of the mouse erythrocyte rosette as a B-cell marker in the analysis of primary immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative disorders is discussed.


Deglutition.

Deglutition.


"Bombay begins anew.".

"Bombay begins anew.".


A recommendation for classification of traumatic oral injuries.


The warp and the woof.

The warp and the woof.


A C.D.T. looks at "Denturism".

A C.D.T. looks at "Denturism".


Sterilization of carious dentine with silver nitrate.


Confirmation of a tentative occlusal diagnosis.


Pseudosarcoma.

Pseudosarcoma.


A sensitive bio-assay for pharmacokinetic studies of cytosine arabinoside in man.


On coupling inquiry and wisdom.

On coupling inquiry and wisdom.


Calorimetric investigation of 5-methoxytryptamine binding to DNA and poly (A).


Seeking wisdom in recombinant DNA research.


Relative analgesia in dental practice . . .


The pain profile...

The pain profile...


"Caries immunization through ingestion of Streptococcus mutans--a critique.".


Adrenaline.

Adrenaline.


Calcium.

Calcium.


Lignocaine.

Lignocaine.


Designing a plaque control program.

Designing a plaque control program.


Chairside assisting in complete denture prosthodontics.


Respondeat superior is no security blanket.


Certification renewal. Guidelines--rules and regulations. Effective for the 1978 renewal period (November 1, 1977-January 31, 1978).


ADAA continuing education courses.

ADAA continuing education courses.


Dentistry by design.

Dentistry by design.


Design for dentistry.

Design for dentistry.


Hire an interior designer?

Hire an interior designer?


Office design: key to your professional image.


Where to go when you're low on dough.

Where to go when you're low on dough.


Rx for the edifice complex: a turnkey building.


The xbridge incident.

The xbridge incident.


How to make a mess of it.

How to make a mess of it.


Time now to trim taxes.

Time now to trim taxes.


Don't damn that insurance consultant!

Don't damn that insurance consultant!


Up the thumber.

Up the thumber.


Makings of malpractice: nuts and frauds.


Fast cash from factoring.

Fast cash from factoring.


'You're making too much of malpractice'.


Watch your language! Patients do!

Watch your language! Patients do!


The women are coming! The women are coming!


Is prevention really dead?

Is prevention really dead?


Happy birthday.

Happy birthday.


Reaching the patient with rapport.

Reaching the patient with rapport.


Drilling through those insurance forms.

Drilling through those insurance forms.


Taking the trauma out of testifying.

Taking the trauma out of testifying.


Makings of malpractice: the supervised neglect.


Defusing the explosive patient.

Defusing the explosive patient.


How's your ethics I.Q.?

How's your ethics I.Q.?


The duel in California dentistry: en garde!


How to collect in full--in advance!

How to collect in full--in advance!


Selling dentistry: sell yourself first.

Selling dentistry: sell yourself first.


Dental journalism: 'it's murder!'.

Dental journalism: 'it's murder!'.


Q. & A. about your T. & E.

Q. & A. about your T. & E.


Are you a 97 -pound tax weakling?

Are you a 97 -pound tax weakling?


Defusing those tax timebombs.

Defusing those tax timebombs.


Beware those tax tattletales.

Beware those tax tattletales.


Tax help from the T-men.

Tax help from the T-men.


Help your tax man to help you.

Help your tax man to help you.


Taking a healthy cut at your tax bill.

Taking a healthy cut at your tax bill.


Fix it up! Write it off!

Fix it up! Write it off!


Dental inventions for fun and profit.

Dental inventions for fun and profit.


Your net worth: up...up...and away?

Your net worth: up...up...and away?


Your best buy in bond funds.

Your best buy in bond funds.


Best antidote to malpractice: countersue!


Your net worth: the questions answered.

Your net worth: the questions answered.


Wondering what turns patients on?

Wondering what turns patients on?


Common sense about your life insurance.

Common sense about your life insurance.


Cutting the tax on turnover.

Cutting the tax on turnover.


Working with the wiggler.

Working with the wiggler.


Will it really pay to advertise?

Will it really pay to advertise?


The write way to hire an aide.

The write way to hire an aide.


Which way to go with Keogh.

Which way to go with Keogh.


Common sense about life insurance:The kind you need.


Own your own telephone system?

Own your own telephone system?


The dental assistants come out swinging.


The unseen risk in your office.

The unseen risk in your office.


'Sure I charge for insurance forms!'.

'Sure I charge for insurance forms!'.


The great vacation cover-up.

The great vacation cover-up.


Common sense about your life insurance: getting the very best deal.


Your fee: odds or evens?

Your fee: odds or evens?


Art for money's sake.

Art for money's sake.


Let's hear it for the slogger!

Let's hear it for the slogger!


Going broke in nothing flat.

Going broke in nothing flat.


It's an emergency!

It's an emergency!


When the patient's life is in your hands.


This emergency kit belongs in your office.


A child is born..."in my office?".

A child is born..."in my office?".


Could your staff cope with emergency?

Could your staff cope with emergency?


'I feel I'm going to faint.'.

'I feel I'm going to faint.'.


Entering your new life: Dentistry.

Entering your new life: Dentistry.


How to get an advance look at the clinic.


Start now to avoid trauma in the clinic.


Spouses--partners in dental education.

Spouses--partners in dental education.


Getting set for the big exam.

Getting set for the big exam.


Examiners, educators meet to probe testing.


Instruments the GP needs for exodontia.

Instruments the GP needs for exodontia.


Diagnosis the first step.

Diagnosis the first step.


Little things can mean a lot in curing senior-itis.


The dentist's role in diagnosis is expanding.


Dental-school team looks for hypertension.


How you can be a life saver.

How you can be a life saver.


Diagnosis aids early orthodontic guidance.


Diagnosis and the diabetic patient.

Diagnosis and the diabetic patient.


X-ray, valuable diagnostic tool, but watch it!


Do you like your office?

Do you like your office?


Work smarter, not harder.

Work smarter, not harder.


University of Pacific stages student wives course.


What it means to be a dentist.

What it means to be a dentist.


Student-teacher life in a London dental school.


Once more, for the record.

Once more, for the record.


Aim for joyousness at graduation time.

Aim for joyousness at graduation time.


How to make an associateship succeed.

How to make an associateship succeed.


What kind of practice? It's your choice.


How to get off to a good start.

How to get off to a good start.


What fees are throughout the country.

What fees are throughout the country.


A first decision to make: life and liability insurance.


Advertising, practice limitation, name are ethical hazards.


Welcome to the (third) party.

Welcome to the (third) party.


Dental union is advocate for patients, dentists.


Are you ready for a lifetime of study?

Are you ready for a lifetime of study?


What does your patient eat?

What does your patient eat?


Are you ready for an office emergency?

Are you ready for an office emergency?


Add an MS behind your name.

Add an MS behind your name.


X-rays, a vital tool, but use it carefully.


Freshman dental wives bravely face new world: long study hours, tight finances, hours alone.


General anesthetics kill pain, fear safely.


Navy dentistry: stimulating and enjoyable.


'Team' concept improves dental practice in U.S.


Facts prove preventive therapy works.

Facts prove preventive therapy works.


Peer review: can dentists find a system that works?


Talks, clinics accent Baylor's spring seminar.


Learning revolution explodes.

Learning revolution explodes.


Pigs, new program aid transition to clinic.


Learning dentistry via a system.

Learning dentistry via a system.


Canadian students compete in annual table clinic program.


Jungle dares you to quit.

Jungle dares you to quit.


British dental students stake future, careers, on 4 1/2 grueling years after 'high school'.


Industrial engineer shows dental students how to practice, perfect psychomotor skills.


Is the 3-year grad ready to practice?

Is the 3-year grad ready to practice?


Computer collects data with debits.

Computer collects data with debits.


Cephalometrics aid diagnosis.

Cephalometrics aid diagnosis.


Pain makes patients wary of dentist.

Pain makes patients wary of dentist.


The malpractice specter.

The malpractice specter.


Insurance: rules to play by.

Insurance: rules to play by.


Visibility is important when you treat deaf kids.


Students learn, earn.

Students learn, earn.


General residency selection involves consideration of personal opinions.


Suggestions for developing a sound new practice.


Prosthodontics de-emphasis spells trouble.


Denturism.

Denturism.


Denturists invade US.

Denturists invade US.


Check your lab's credentials, cooperate with technicians.


New techniques for old problems.

New techniques for old problems.


Wives get a crack at molds, drill, plaster.


Tour a modern dental lab!

Tour a modern dental lab!


Clinic serves Navajo.

Clinic serves Navajo.


Write your own office 'Bible'.

Write your own office 'Bible'.


Group practice offers financial security.


Periodontics photos tell the tale.

Periodontics photos tell the tale.


Lighting is key to oral shots.

Lighting is key to oral shots.


Photo-dentistry progresses from Brownies to technicolor.