Cytophotomeric DNA-analysis of aspirated cells from prostatic carcinoma. In the present study material obtained from prostatic lesions by transrectal aspiration biopsy was subjected to a comparative morphologic and cytophotometric DNA analysis. Based on the morphologic pattern, the clinical material was divided into benign lesions (prostatic hyperplasia), suspected prostatic malignancy and highly, moderately and poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma. The cytochemical analysis, based on quantitative cytophotometric measurements of Feulgen stained nuclei, showed that cell nuclei from benign lesions (prostatic hyperplasia) exhibited the normal diploid amount of DNA. Contrary to this, cell populations from prostatic malignancies, were characterized by various degrees of heteroploidy, i.e. the existence of cells with nuclear DNA quantities increased above the normal diploid level. A general correlation between degree of heteroploidy (frequency of heteroploid cells) and degree of clinical malignancy seemed to exist; high grade malignant prostatic carcinoma (poorly differentiated) exhibited a pronounced degree of heteroploidy with more or less distinct aneuploid stemlines, whereas low-grade prostatic carcinomas (highly differentiated) were more similar to benign cell populations, in showing a large proportion of cells with a diploid DNA quantity suggesting the existence of diploid or near diploid stemlines. Cases morphologically classified as moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma, which previously have been shown to exhibit individual variations in degree of clinical malignancy, also showed large individual variations in degree of hetyroploidy. Approximately half of these cases had cytochemical DNA characteristics similar to that of highly differentiated prostatic carcinoma in showing a modal DNA value in the diploid region, while the other half showed cytochemical characteristics similar to that of poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma, i.e. aneuploid DNA distributions. However, no morphologiifferentiated prostatic carcinoma. In conclusion it can be stated that the present investigation suggests the possibility that quantitative cytochemical DNA analysis may be used in combination with, and offer additional information to, morphologic analysis in the malignancy grading of prostatic carcinoma. A future clinical follow-up, now in progress, will hopefully give a more definite answer to that idea.


The nuclear dry weight of liver cells from patients with virus hepatitis and from controls. Interferometric investigations were performed at liver cell nuclei isolated in 70 per cent glycerol. In 11 patients with virus hepatitis and seven patients without liver disease the nuclear dry weight of liver cells obtained by liver biopsy was determined by interferometry. The average nuclear dry weight of diploid liver cells from controls was 39.9 pg while an average value of 45.4 pg was found for patients with hepatitis. The corresponding nuclear volumes were 241 and 274mu3 respectively. The dry mass and volume of tetraploid nuclei was twice as big as that of diploid nuclei in both materials. The nuclear water content was neither significantly different between diploid and tetraploid nuclei nor significantly different between nuclei from controls and patients with hepatitis.


Cytopathology of intra-hepatic bile as component of integrated procedure ("minilap") for hepatobiliary disorders. Twenty patients with hepatobiliary disorders were prospectively studied by means of minilaparotomy. The study included cytologic evaluation of intra-hepatic bile obtained at trans-hepatic cholangiography. The yield of malignancy identified was increased one third by the cytologic studies.


Nose morphology in individuals with Angle Class I, Class II or Class III occlusions. The intention of this work was to describe the nose morphology in individuals with different craniofacial patterns which dentally were characterized by Angle Class I, Class II div. 1, and Class III occlusions. The material comprised male adults (age 20--30 years), and the results are based on measurements on tracings of lateral cephalograms. Generally, the inclination of the nose in relation to the nasion-sella-line was similar in all groups, and so was the nose length as well. The depth of the nose, when related to the hard and soft tissue facial planes was, however, significantly different, apparently due to the different sagittal position of the chin.


Measurement of fine structures in roentgenograms. III. Studies on root canals of teeth. A study of the projection of root canals of natural teeth on dental roentgenograms was carried out as a sequel to an earlier phantom study. The material consisted of extracted teeth and teeth in situ in jaw preparations. The same radiation source and focus-film distance were used throughout, but the exposure times and tube voltages were varied. The roentgenographic images of the root canals were analysed densitometrically and compared with measurements of the actual object dimensions. The root were sectioned at the level studied and their cross sections were traced and measured with the aid of a profile projector. There was good agreement between the true breadth of the canal and that projected on the film. The maximum contrast in the image of the canal and the densitometrically measured difference in substance, expressed in metal equivalents, were proportional to the depth of the canal in the direction of radiation. The breadth of the canal in the plane of the film was the same regardless of whether the tube voltage was 50, 60 or 90 kV. On the other hand, the tube voltage affected the photographic density differences between the canal and the dentine walls. Changing the voltage from 50 to 60 kV did not affect the results, but there was a highly significant difference between 90 and 50 or 60 kV. The clinical significance of tube voltage and exposure time is discussed.


Letter: Statistical analysis of cytophotometric DNA measurements demonstrated on malignant testicular teratoma.


Roentgen diagnosis of intraperitoneal fluid. A physical, anatomic and clinical investigation.


Prognostic value of mitotic studies in myeloid leukaemias. Seven patients with various forms of myeloid leukaemia have been studied by repeated sternal punctures during the course of illness. None of the patients received cytostatics before or during the study. The mitotic indices declined with time and there was a significant relation between the slopes of the mitotic curves and survival time. Repeated mitotic counts seem to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in myeloid leukaemias.


Immediate diagnosis in vaginal cytology using interference contrast microscopy (Nomarski). Studying fresh aspiration material from the posterior fornix and cervix, by Interference Contrast Microscopy (Nomarski) is a good method of cytologic examination. It is shown how most cell types can be observed, just as they can be by the classical Papanicolaou staining. Normal and abnormal, even dysplastic and malignant cells can be recognized. This method is also very useful for identifying parasites, fungi and bacteria, by morphology and active movements. While encoraging the use of this method, it is advisable to compare the results with slides examined later by the Papanicolaou technique, for maximum safety of the patient.


Lesions of the legs in diabetics and in patients with familial amyloidosis and polyneuropathy.


Cytologic findings in stilbestrol exposed females with emphasis on detection of vaginal adenosis. This prospective study of 271 females believed to have had prenatal exposure to stilbestrol documents the cytologic findings in separate vaginal and cervical preparations. In 233 patients, direct circumferential scrapings of the upper vaginal wall were taken after potentially contaminating mucous secretions had been removed. These specimens were considered evaluable for the cytologic detection of vaginal adenosis. Cellular evidence of vaginal adenosis was observed in 105 (45%) of these patients as determined by the identification of columnar cells and/or metaplastic squamous cells in the vaginal samples. Columnar cells were observed in 87 (37%) of the 233 patients. Metaplastic squamous cells accompanied the columnar cells in 54 cases. In an additional 18 patients (8%) metaplastic squamous cells were the only cytologic evidence of adenosis. Similar cellular changes were observed in 88 per cent of the vaginal samples from 25 patients with biopsy-proven vaginal adenosis. Malignant cells were not found in any of the cytologic or histologic specimens. Dysplastic squamous cells, however, were present in cytosmears from four patients. Biopsies from two of these patients confirmed the diagnosis of squamous dysplasia. Dysplasia also was identified by biopsy in four others. We believe cytology is a valuable aid in the evaluation of patients with a history of intrauterine exposure to stilbestrol. Vaginal adenosis as well as neoplastic and dysplastic lesions can be reflected in properly obtained cellular specimens.


All in the family: use of familial information in orthodontic diagnosis, case assessment, and treatment planning.


Prediction of orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontics is rapidly advancing from the stage of fortuitous success to one of planned success. When appliance design is based on simple concepts of equilibrium, prediction of desirable and undesirable tooth movement becomes possible. The flow chart that has been presented allows the clinician to systematically treat dental discrepancies more effectively in potentially less treatment time, since the number of desirable and undesirable side effects can be known in advance and managed accordingly. Simple laws of equilibrium, based on a knowledge of the force systems required for specific tooth movement, also permit the design of proper preactivation bends for an appliance. The procedure may be enlarged to include treatment of each arch since, once the teeth are ideally positioned and rigidly held within each segment, each arch can be considered to consist of three "large, multirooted teeth."


Xeroradiography for cephalometric analysis.


The effects of orthopedic forces on the craniofacial complex utilizing cervical and headgear appliances. 1. A three-dimensional anatomic model of a human skull was produced with birefringent materials for photoelastic analysis. By means of photoelastic techniques during application of high-pull and cervical extraoral traction, stresses were visualized within the model. 2. Extraoral anchorage affected the position of the maxillary molar and its resulting alveolar development. Cervical headgear had a much greater tipping effect on the maxillary molar than did the high-pull headgear. Both appliances examined could produce stresses which may be transmitted to distant eraniofacial sutures. As opposed to high-pull traction, cervical pull in general stressed more areas and to a much greater degree. 4. The pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone, the zygomatic arches, the junction of the maxilla with the lacrimal bone and the ethmoid, and the maxillary teeth were affected by both types of headgear. 5. Only cervical traction produced stresses at the frontal process of the maxilla and the Zygomaticofrontal suture. 6. There were two findings which had not been previously reported: First, cervical traction tended to open the palate in the posterior region. Second, high-pull traction produced compressive stresses at the junction of the right and left maxillae inferior to the anterior nasal spine.


Chronic granulocytic leukemia without the Philadelphia chromosome. Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow were performed in 230 consecutive cases of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) admitted to the National Cancer Institute since 1961. Twenty patients lacked the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome. All were previously untreated. When compared with Ph1-positive patients, CGL patients with Ph1-negative disease had a higher median age (60 compared with 42 years) and were diagnosed at lower median leukocyte (75,000) and platelet counts (170,000). Their response to chemotherapy was generally poor, with a median survival of 15 months compared with 44 months for the Ph1-positive group. Four patients survived more than 5 years and two, more than 10 years. Thirty-five per cent of the Ph1-negative patients had aneuploid cell lines of various percentages. Absence of the Ph1 chromosome in patients with the hematologic characteristics of CGL is a bad prognostic sign.


Editoral: The oath and the code revisited.


Treatment of mandibulofacial dysostosis. A case report.


Frequency of sex chromatin in the buccal smear of newborn females and their mothers during first six days after delivery. The frequencies of sex chromatin in the buccal smear of the newborn females and their mothers were low on the first post-partum day and it increased gradually during the second and third day. By the fourth and fifth day it stabilized and the incidence of sex chromatin both in the mothers and the children became similar, although the frequency on the first day was significantly lower in the newborn. The incidences of pyknotic cells in the buccal smears of the newborns and their mothers were highest on day one and these declined rapidly in the following days. The significance of these findings have been discussed.


The significance of some biochemical abnormalities in schizophrenia.


Discussion paper: the detection of mutagenic metabolites of carcinogens in urine with the Salmonella/microsome test.


Discussion paper: the use of Drosophila for mutagenesis screening.


Discussion paper: quantitative aspects of using DNA repair to detect mutagens and carcinogens.


Industrial monitoring: a cytogenetic approach.


Discussion paper: labor-management participation in long-term investigation of man.


Letter: Acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL) in the elderly.


Oral photography's problem with kodachrome.


Arizona Dental Service.

Arizona Dental Service.


Relationship between intracellular dihydrofolate reductase and tightly bound intracellular methotrexate in human neoplastic cells.


Intercellular exchange of lysosomal enzymes: enzyme assays in single human fibroblasts after co-cultivation.


President's page.

President's page.


Leptospirosis in a rural barrio of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.


Recent advances in external pulse recordings.


Vitamin B6 intake and urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid per gram of creatinine in a rural Puerto Rican area.


Foro de medicina nuclear: pulmonary embolism.


Intraosseous anesthesia for dental procedures.


Editorial: The fellowship.

Editorial: The fellowship.


Malpractice--prevention and defense.

Malpractice--prevention and defense.


Commercial dental insurance.

Commercial dental insurance.


Tissue sensitivity to acrylic resin. A method of measuring the residual monomer content and its clinical application.


The employment of dental hygienists within the General Dental Service in the United Kingdom.


Modified serial extraction.

Modified serial extraction.


Twelfth memorandum to the Review Body.

Twelfth memorandum to the Review Body.


Keogh Plans and IRA's after pension reform.


Editorial: Private practice.

Editorial: Private practice.


Editorial: United for what?

Editorial: United for what?


Safety guidelines for handling gases.

Safety guidelines for handling gases.


Flouridation in Arizona.

Flouridation in Arizona.


Ten points to fitness.

Ten points to fitness.


Fissures at risk.

Fissures at risk.


Demonstration of cellular immunity in chronic myeloid leukaemia using leucocyte migration inhibition assay. Peripheral blood leucocytes from chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in remission were tested for inhibition of migration in presence of solubilized membrane antigens from leukaemic cells in 15 cases. Eight out of 9 autochthonous combinations (88-8%) and 35/49 allogenic combinations (71-4%) showed inhibition of migration. Antigens prepared from relapse leukaemic cell samples in 4 cases showed inhibition of migration of autochthonous as well as allogeneic remission leucocytes. The same batch of CML antigens inhibited migration of normal leucocytes at the level of 22-2%. The difference between inhibition of migration shown by remission leucocytes and normal leucocytes in presence of CML antigens was statistically significant. Solubilized antigens, similarly prepared from normal leucocytes, showed inhibition of migration of remission leucocytes to the extent of 15% only. The difference between the reactivity of CML remission leucocytes to normal and CML antigens was also statistically significant. No enhancement of migration of remission leucocytes was seen with CML antigens.


Adenosine deaminase activity in peripheral blood cells of patients with haematological malignancies. Adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4, ADA) has been assayed in lymphocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes from 45 patients with haematological malignancies. Activities were uniformly low in lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Variable, but abnormal activities were frequently found in multiple myeloma, untreated lymphoma and leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis. High values were observed in lymphocytes from patients with lymphoma during intensive combination chemotherapy. ADA levels in lymphocytes were not correlated with levels in granulocytes or erythrocytes. ADA was elevated in blasts of patients with acute lymphocytic and myelogenous leukaemias but the ranges of activities per cell were so similar that ADA assay is unlikely to be of major help in distinguishing the two diseases.


Preventive dentistry.

Preventive dentistry.


Lack of prognostic value of lymphoblast size in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. There are conflicting reports about the relationship of cell size and type to prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). For this reason, bone marrows at diagnosis and first relapse were studied in 56 children with ALL treated on the same protocol. Lymphoblasts greater than 12 mmu in diameter were called macrolymphoblasts (MLB). Forty-one of 56 initial bone marrows had less than 20% MLB(group A), and 15 had greater than 20% MLB (group B). Median survival, complete remission rate, first remission duration, and the distribution of CNS leukaemia were similar in both groups. First relapse marrows were examined from 50 patients and a significant increase in MLB compared to initial pre-treatment bone marrows (18% vs 8%) was found.


Diagnostic and prognostic significance of peripheral blood cultural characteristics in adult acute leukaemia. A simple liquid culture technique has been used to study peripheral blood from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia. Evidence is presented that cells from morphologically identical types of leukaemia have differing capacity for "differentiation" from free floating blast cells into plastic-adherent phagocytic, trypsin-resistant macrophage-like cells with Fc and C3 receptors. Preliminary analysis suggests that patients whose cells have the greatest capacity for "differentiation" have a better chance of achieving complete remission.


Analysis of treatment in childhood leukaemia. II. Timing and the toxicity of combined 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate maintenance therapy. The first and second Medical Research Council UKALL trials have shown that alteration in the timing of methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine maintenance therapy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia can markedly change drug induced toxicity. Maintenance chemotherapy in both trials used a similar total dosage of these drugs but the timing of their administration was different in the two schedules.


Erythrocyte membrane modification in malignant disease of myeloid and lymphoreticular tissues. II. Erythrocyte "mosaicism" in acute erythroleukaemia. A case of acute erythroleukaemia is described. The patient's RBC, which at first appeared to be a mixture of groups B and O, were shown in fact to be a mixture of normal B and very weak B.


Erythrocyte membrane modification in malignant diseases of myeloid and lymphoreticular tissues. I. Tn-polyagglutination in acute myelocytic leukaemia. Tn polyagglutination (persistent mixed-field polyagglutination) occurring in a patient with an acute myelocytic leukemia is described. The association of this RBC membrane change, thought to be due to somatic mutation at stem cell level, with a myeloproliferative disorder, has not been previously reported.


Abdominoperineal resection in acute myeloblastic leukaemia.


Excitation of Renshaw cells via motor neuron collaterals in acute and chronic spinal cats.


Influence of humoral regulators on proliferation and maturation of normal and leukemic cells. Factors that influence the proliferation of marrow elements can be detected in sera. To determine the function and to compare the effect of these factors, cells were obtained from patients with normal and leukemic bone marrows. The effects of drug-induced stimulatory and inhibitory sera and leukemic pretreatment sera over time (0 to 6 days) on proliferation and granulocytic morphology of normal and leukemic bone marrow cells in culture were evaluated. Increased proliferation was associated with stimulatory sera, while inhibitory and leukemic pretreatment sera retarded proliferation of both normal and malignant cells. Exposure of normal proliferative cells to inhibitory or leukemic pretreatment sera yielded the greatest increase in mature granulocyte forms. In contrast, although the proliferative response of leukemic cells to these sera was similar to normal, maturation was minimal. These data suggest that leukemic pretreatment sera are similar to inhibitory sera and are not leukemogenic. Both retard proliferation of normal and leukemic bone marrow cells while enhancing maturation of normal cells. Leukemic myeloblasts, however, cannot be made to mature by these humoral regulators.


Microbiological studies on plaque in relation to development of dental caries in man.


Immunoglobulins in parotid saliva and serum in relation to dental caries in man.


Strains and stresses.

Strains and stresses.


Remineralization of artificial caries lesions by stannous fluoride.


Hardness tests on sound enamel and artificially demineralized white spot lesions.


Replanting and transplanting teeth. Part 1.


Microhardness and densitometric measurements of the effect of 4% SnF2 solution on artificial white spot lesions.


Effect of fluoridated milk and water on enamel fluoride content and dental caries in the rat.


Comparisons of caries prevalence of children with different daily toothbrushing frequencies. Clinical caries examinations, supplemented by bite-wing radiographs, were conducted on 290 schoolchildren. The children ranged from 12 to 15 years of age and were residents of a fluoride-deficient community in New York State. The children were divided into two groups based upon their stated daily toothbrushing frequency, namely, those brushing once or less/day and those brushing twice or more/day. Mean DMFS and DMFT scores were recorded for children in both categories. A trend was noted that more frequent brushing was associated with less caries activity. For females and male-females combined the differences in mean DMFS and DMFT scores between those children brushing once a day or less. The caries scores for males in these two brushing groups were marginally significant (P less than .05). Ninety percent of the children used fluoride-containing dentifrices. The inverse relationship between brushing frequency and caries activity may be related to the more frequent fluoride contact when the children brush.


Isoenzyme pattern of phosphorylase in white blood cells and fibroblasts from patients with liver phosphorylase deficiency. Isoenzyme patterns of phosphorylase in white blood cells and cultured fibroblasts of a patient affected with liver-type phosphorylase deficiency were studied. Three bands were observed with electrofocusing of white blood cells and liver from controls. In the white blood cells of the patient only two bands were observed. Patient and control fibroblasts showed two bands, probably identical to the two bands observed in the patient's white blood cells. These results indicate that the liver-type phosphorylase is not expressed in the cultured fibroblasts.


Enamel mottling in a non-fluoride community in England. In 1974--75 an assessment of mottling in incisor teeth was carried out on a random sample of 13- to 14-year-old children in Liverpool, England. The number of children examined was 463. All of these children were born and had lived in Liverpool when the fluoride content of the water supply had averaged 0.12 parts/10(6). The mouth prevalence of mottling was 42.5%. The tooth prevalence of mottling was 9.6%. There was no sex difference. The data obtained was compared with those of other authors and confirmed that a considerable proportion of mottling observed in fluoride and non-fluoride communities was caused by factors other than ingested fluoride.


A study of 8 years' domestic salt fluoridation for prevention of caries. The author reports on an 8-year study with 250 mg F/kg domestic salt fluoridation. During this period the dmft index in the 2-6 years age range decreased by 41%, the DMFT index in the 7-11 year age range decreased by 58%, and in the 12-14 year age range decreased by 36%. The proportion of cariesfree children also improved significantly, from 23% to 60%, from 4.8% to 41%, and from 2.7% to 8.4%, respectively. Urinary fluoride tests performed showed that with the concentration used, enough fluoride could not be ingested to reduce caries to the level anticipated with water fluoridation, but even so the caries reduction was significant. Experiments are now continuing with 200 mg F/kg and 350 mg F/kg domestic salt mixtures.


Dental caries in Faeroese children aged 5-13 years.


An epidemiologic study of occlusal anomalies in relation to development of the dentition in Icelandic children. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the prevalence of occlusal anomalies in relation to dental stages (DS) in Icelandic schoolchildren, and to compare it with results from other Scandinavian countries and Ireland found on the basis of the same method. The material consisted of 1,641 randomly selected children, 791 boys and 850 girls, corresponding to 9.5% of the total primary and secondary school population of Reykjavík. A significant sex difference was only recorded in the frequencies of of two of the single morphologic traits of occlusal anomalies, the boys showing higher frequencies in deep bite and in scissors-bite. Significant differences in the occurrence of occlusal anomalies in Iceland and Denmark were only found in two out of 108 pairs of frequencies.


Chairtime needed for an incremental dental care program for schoolchildren in Israel. Chairtime needed to provide initial treatment to 80 children, 6 1/2 to 7 1/2 years of age, in an incremental care program was recorded. An average of 8.2 carious teeth with 14.0 carous surfaces required treatment. The clinical and radiographic examinations were concluded earlier and were not included in the chairtime recorded. One year after completion of the initial treatment, 51 of these children were reexamined to determine the maintenance treatment needs. These were found to be approximately one-third of the initial treatment needs. The average chairtime required for initial treatment was 2 hours and 37 min. It was estimated that for complete treatment, including examination and preventive measures, 3 hours per child would be required for initial treatment and 1 hour for maintenance care each following year.


A comparison of perceived and actual dental needs of a select group of children in Texas. Dental caries (DMFS) evaluations were made for 150 children in Grades 2 to 7. Three months later, a trained interviewer questioned 120 children from 100 families to determine atitudes toward oral hygiene and dental health on the part of (a) the child, (b) the parent, along with (c) the child's perception of the parent's attitude, and (d) the parent's perception of the child's attitude. Evaluation of the perceived attitudes toward oral hygiene revealed a statistically significant correlation between the child's attitude and the degree of dental health as well as between the attitudes of child and parent. Conclusions were: (1) parents were not accurate in their perception of the dental health habits of their children, (2) children were not performing acceptable routine oral hygiene procedures, (3) children accurately perceived the attitudes of their parents toward dental health, and (4) children's actual dental health behavior as manifested by dental health status was related to the attitudes of their parents.


The Public Education Program (PEP) and its purpose.


Reliability and constancy of information obtained in dental health interviews. In a group of 297 persons interviewed about dental health, a random sample of 50 persons was reinterviewed by the same person, posing identical questions. The average interval between interviews was 9 months. Replies to questions concerning actual conditions, i.e. edentulousness, time of extraction and time of filling, showed a high degree of stability and constancy. The subject's attitude to water fluoridation appeared, on the other hand, to have changed somewhat. Similarly, some of the respondents appeared to have acquired knowledge of dental health care as a result of the first interview and had altered their standpoint accordingly. Still, the results of the replies to the interview seemed reliable as defined by stability overtime.


Is perfection killing you?

Is perfection killing you?


Automation of the Storherr sweep co-distillation method and associated techniques.


Determination of methoprene (Altosid) insect growth regulator in waters, soils, plants, and animals by gas chromatography.


Identification and quantitative determination of Benomyl and its metabolite residues using thin-layer chromatographic techniques.


Quantitative method of determining Benomyl in leaves of cotton plants.


Remuneration of dental surgery assistants in general practice.


A method for the determination of guazatine residues in crops and soil.


The analysis of Benomyl residues in crop samples by a T.L.C.-bioassay method.


Persistence of benzimidazole derivatives in plants.


Factors influencing the accumulation of organophosphorus insecticides by carrots.


Use of the nine-banded armadillo for sampling soil insects for pesticide residue analysis.


Uptake and degradation of monitor by tomato plants.


Uptake of herbicides used for preemergence weed control in cotton by crops planted in rotation with cotton.


The metabolism of Diquat in hens and residues in eggs and tissues.


Chemical contamination of medicinal plants in Poland with the polychloric insecticides.


Residues of organophosphorus pesticides in fruits and vegetables on the Swedish market from July 1967 to April 1973.


The fate of Protect (1,8-naphthalic anhydride) in corn plants.


Residual amounts of organophosphate insecticides in plant products.


The distribution of radioactivity in fruits after application of 14C-labelled Antracol, compared with the potential evolution of CS2.


Pesticide residues in some South African Marine fish species.


Daily pesticides intake through food in the population of Serbia.


Identification of phenoxyalkylacid herbicides residues by mass fragmentography.


Phenoxy herbicide residues in Swedish fish and wildlife.


Catalytic reactions on clay surfaces.

Catalytic reactions on clay surfaces.


Adsorption of the herbicide "2,4-D" by montmorillonite.


Quality assurance in the Food and Drug Administration's Pesticide Residue Analytical Laboratories.


Degradation of Trifluralin, Oryzalin, and Isopropalin in soil.


Fateof methabenzthiazuron in the plant-soil system.


Field persistence studies with herbicides in prairie soils.


Degradation and metabolism of fluchloralin in soil.


Metabolic fate of chlordimeform in soil under aerobic, anaerobic, and sterile conditions.


Rates and products of degradation of malathion by bacteria and fungi from aquatic systems.


The photolysis of benzoyl chloride (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-hydrazone.


Pesticide photo-oxidation in the atmosphere.


The photochemistry of carbamates. IV. The phototransformation of Azak (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate).


Behaviour of SN 41703 (prothiocarb) in soils and plants.


Analytical quality control in a pesticide residue laboratory.


Investigation of the causes of phytotoxic phenomena on some softwood species after soil treatment with Terabol and the possibilities for their elimination.


The persistence of some pesticides on South African citrus.


Molecular sites of detoxication.

Molecular sites of detoxication.


Selective toxicity of derivatized aromatic and heterocyclic methylcarbamates.


Mode of action of DDT-- new aryl-alicyclic and heterocyclic insecticides.


Metabolism of thioaryl organophosphorus insecticides.


The O.E.C.D. international co-operative studies of organochlorine residues in wildlife.


Biodegradation of tricyclohexyltin hydroxide.


Mechanisms of resistance to systemic fungicides with special reference to 1,4-oxathiin derivatives.


Resistance in Boophilus microplus to cholinesterase inhibition and alterations in the site of action.


Specific features of resistance development of houseflies to organophosphate insecticides.


The importance of the decreased susceptibility of acetylcholinesterase in the resistance of houseflies to organophosphorus insecticides.


The development of resistance to agricultural antibiotics.


The mode of action and metabolism of maleic hydrazide.


Storage, handling, and preparation of pesticide analytical reference standards.


Mathematical model of dose-activity relationships.


Plant growth inhibitors of plant origin.


Quantitative structure-activity relationships in phytotoxic piperidinoacetanilides.


Distribution and metabolism of chlormequat (CCC) in potato- and wheat plants.


Action of dichlone on the human erythrocyte membrane.


The metabolism of some DDT-type compounds by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).


Nature of interaction of atrazine and 2,4-D in bean plants with their combined application.


Effect of triazine herbicides on plants in connection with the intracellular localization of their molecules.


Degradation of 14C-azinphos on glass plates as compared to the metabolism on bean leaves.


Substrate and inhibitor specificity of cholinesterases from certain insects.


Localization and metabolites of aminotriazines and chlorophenoxyacetic acid in cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L.).


Oxygen and phosphate metabolism of bluegill liver mitochondria in the presence of some pesticides.


Effect of herbicides on correlation between the growth, respiration, and enzymatic activity of cucumber plants.


Effect of some insecticides on the photosynthesis of alfalfa.


The effect of DDT on immunological reactivity in poultry.


Translocation and metabolism of Pyracarbolid in wheat.


Hexachlorobenzene accumulation and decline of tissue residues and relationship to some toxicity criteria in rats.


DDT residues in human blood serum in Brazil.


The maximum tolerated dose in pesticide carcinogenicity studies.


Exposure of domestic animals to pesticide sprays of possible use for locust control.


Pharmacodynamic approach to the contradictions of acute experimental organophosphate intoxication.


The effect of pesticides--the derivatives of carbamic, thio-, and dithiocarbamic acids on warm-blooded animals.


Latest developments in chemicals for use in the control of human disease vectors.


Analysis of residues of degradation products of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates.


A method for the quantitative evaluation of combined and complex pesticide effects on organisms.


The views of the United States of America on the Codex tolerances.


On virus-induced virus inhibitors from locally or systemically virus-infected plants.


Studies on the alkylating properties of trichlorphone and dimethoate in mammals.


Attractants for rice weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, isolated from corn grains.


New developments in the chemistry and fate of ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate fungicides.


Thiocarbamate sulfoxide herbicides.

Thiocarbamate sulfoxide herbicides.


Chlorella as an indicator for detection of microorganisms producing phytotoxic substances.


The chemistry and properties of new and herbicidal derivatives of 3-phenylpyridazine.


Chemical and herbicidal properties of (5-oxo-1,3,4-thiazolin-2-yl)-ureas.


Chemical structure and biological activity of some urea herbicides.


New low-toxicity phosphonic acid esters for use as defoliating, desiccating, and herbicidal agents.


New herbicides of the isophos group: chemistry, biological activity, mode of action.


Penetration and translocation of organophosphorus insecticides in insects.


Synthesis of substituted N,N-dialkylbenzamides as insect repellents by Friedel-Crafts reaction.


Effect of some new seed-treatment agents upon harmful and useful microorganisms.


A novel chemical but biologically significant reductive dechlorination of some chlorinated polycyclodiene pesticide systems.


Melamine smoke as a carrier for pesticides.


Efficacy of hydrogen phosphide applied in very small concentrations on all stages of the grain weevil (Sitophilus sp) using short exposure times.


Analytical requirements of pesticides regulatory authorities.


Pesticides derived from amino acids.

Pesticides derived from amino acids.


A preliminary model of DDT kinetics in an old-field ecosystem.


Leaching of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (Bam) in soil columns and evaluation of the results by simulation.


DDT in watershed draining the tobacco belt of southern Ontario.


Optimization of the alumina clean-up used in multiresidue pesticide analysis.


The question of methodics in epidemiological studies of persistent substances in human environment.


Computations on the material balance of pesticides in soil.


Analytical method for malathion with automated colorimetry: application to malathion residues in wheat.


Triazophos (active substance in the sales product Hostathion) environmental impact (degradation on/in plants, in soil and in warm-blooded animals).


Environmental impact of Pyrazophos. 1. Contribution, degradation in plants and in the rat.


Occurrence and movements of pesticide residues in Ethiopia.


Researches on Dipterex in view of Establishing the allowable maximum concentration.


Column extraction of organophosphorus pesticide residues from plants.


Gas-chromatographic determination of 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethylphosphonate pesticide traces in biological fluids and tissues.


Reflex figures in the decerebrate and spinal state.


Debranching enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle; evidence for the location of two active centres on a single polypeptide chain.


A case of acute promyelocytic leukaemia with bullous, haemorrhagic and necrotic skin lesions. Erythematous-oedematous-bullous skin lesions with necrotic vegetating and haemorrhagic evolution evocating atypical pemphigur or bullous reticulosis, revealed acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Histologically, vesicles and bullae were observed in the Malpighian layer and a dense infiltrate with atypical blasts in the dermis. Atypical promyelocytes (22%) were found in the bone marrow. The cytochemical features of promyelocytes, haemorrhage due to disseminated intravascular coagulation supported the diagnosis.


Further evidence for apostatic selection by wild passerine birds -9 :1 experiments. Apostatic selection occurs when predators concentrate disproportionately on the common varieties of non-mimetic polymorphic prey species. This has been tested in 14 experiments by presenting populations of green and brown lard-and-flour "baits" to inexperienced wild passerine birds in their normal surroundings. In seven experiments a 9 green : 1 brown population was presented for a number of days, followed by a 1 green : 9 brown population for a similar period. in the remaining seven experiments the populations were presented in the reverse order. The birds often had strong "natural" colour preferences (for example, blackbirds and songthrushes preferred browns) which were not caused by the relative conspicuousness of the two colours. The data within most of the experiments were very heterogeneous, but in every experiment there was good evidence that the birds tended to concentrate on the common colour. The consistency of the replicated experiements gives strong reason to believe that apostatic selection is a widespread phenomenon among avian predators, and provides an explanation for many of the non-mimetic colour and pattern polymorphisms found among their prey.


Co-existent pulmonary tuberculosis and myeloid leukaemia--a case report.


A new translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia. A reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes Nos. 3 and 22 has been found in a patient with seemingly Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). G-band analysis revealed, that deletion in No. 22 occurred at the same point, as in the typical cases of the disease. It was concluded, that breakage in No. 22 at a specific site with spatial disjunction of the resulting segments might be the crucial cytogenetic event in the genesis of CML, the Philadelphia chromosome not being an obligatory result of the rearrangement.


Genetic studies of the Syrian hamster. X. Rex. The rex mutant has its most obvious effect on coat structure but it also reduces 21-day body weight by about 14 per cent. There is no apparent effect on viability nor on the fecundity of the more robust rex females. Extensive tests for linkage with the genes b, Ba, cd, Ds, e l, Lg, ru, Sa and Wh have proved to be negative. A less extensive test with s was also negative.


A model for sibling effects in man.

A model for sibling effects in man. A model is developed to specify the environmental effect of one sibling on another for a polygenic trait. Such effects are detectable in priniciple and the approach is illustrated with twin data relating to psychoticism. The relationship between the model and those employed in the treatment of kin selection is indicated.


The efficiency  and optimal size of triple test cross designs for detecting epistatic variation. The triple test cross and two of its associate designs have been compared for their theoretical and practical efficiency in detecting epistatic variation. The comparisons are made on the basis of optimal experimental sizes required for each of these tests to detect a modest level of epistasis significantly (P less than or equal to 0-05) and with a reasonable certainty (95 per cent). The experimental sizes are determined for various combinations of heritability, dominance ratio and gene association and for both duplicate and complementary epistasis. Two versions of the test epistasis designed by Kearsey and Jinks (1968). Test 1a and Test 1b, do not differ much in their theoretical efficiency for detecting epistasis and the optimal experimental sizes required by them to detect non-allelic interactions significantly are largely impraticable except when dominance and heritability are high and the degree of association is 50 per cent or more. Both the tests require much smaller experiments to detect duplicate epistasis than complementary epistasis of the same magnitude and this difference is more pronounced for lower levels of heritability and dominance. The theoretical efficiency of Test 2 (given by Jinks, Perkins and Breese, 1969), however, does not vary with the type of epistasis but the sensitivity of the test is inversely related to the degree of gene association between the tester parents. The practical implications of the present investigation are discussed and the validity of some of the most important theoretical predictions and assumptions are tested on a triple test cross involving 80 inbred lines of Nicotiana rustica.


Some examples of double exponential fitness functions. The advantages of using a double exponential fitness function are pointed out for the analysis of differential survival data. The uses of this type of function are illustrated on Bumpus' (1898) data on the survival of English sparrows after a severe storm and also on Cook and O'Donald's (1971) data on the over-winter survival of a large sample of snails.


Estimation of assortative mating preferences in the Arctic skua. Methods are described for the maximum likelihood estimation of mating preferences in models of assortative mating for monogamous and polygamous organisms. These methods are applied to data of matings of the three phenotypes, pale, intermediated and dark of the Arctic Skua. The data were obtained by exhaustive surveys of the Arctic Skua populations on the islands of Fair Isle and Foula. The data give evidence of significant assortative mating of pale birds on Foula and intermediate birds on Fair Isle. The combined data show that there is very highly significant assortative mating, but only of intermediates. In previous surveys, data, in which intermediates and darks were not distinguished, were obtained from a number of islands in the Shetlands. These data, combined with the present data, show that the overall assortative mating of pale is very highly significant with no evidience of heterogeneity. The assortative mating of intermediate birds on Fair Isle agrees with other evidence showing that inermediate males have an advantage as a result of sexual selection.


Personality factors associated with menses duration and menstrual discomfort.


PSI and the life cycle.

PSI and the life cycle.


Pluronic polyols in human lymphocyte cell line cultures. Pluronic polyols markedly improved the growth of two human lymphocyte cell lines when added to the growth medium in concentrations of 0.05 to 0.1%. The results of the current studies suggest that, in addition to the protective effect of polyols against mechanical damage of mammalian cells in submerged cultures, the pluronic compounds may also, by lowering surface tension, facilitate transport of metabolites into cells and thus increase the growth rate.


The position of the gingival margin as expressed by clinical crown height in children aged 6-16 years.


The lost tooth.

The lost tooth.


Psoriatic arthritis and the temporomandibular joint.


Kinetics of crystal growth and dissolution of calcium and magnesium fluorides. Kinetic results of the crystal growth and dissolution of seed crystals of calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride, obtained conductimetrically and potentiometrically, indicate that both processes are controlled by a surface reaction mechanism. An initial reaction surge in the case of magnesium fluoride is consistent with a concomitant secondary nucleation process. The activation energies for the growth and dissolution of calcium fluoride, 14.5 and 1.4 kcal mole-1, also point to surface reaction control. The heat of solution of this salt, obtained calorimetrically, was 2.9 +/- 0.1 kcal mole-1.


Rheology of fluoride gels.

Rheology of fluoride gels. A number of fluoride gels containing a hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickening agent show non-Newtonian rheological behavior in the form of stress thinning (apparent viscosity decreasing with shear rate). Viscosities of 450 to 780 poise at low rates of shear down to 1.0 to 2.0 poise at high rates of shear were obtained. The effect of temperature on viscosity was comparatively small. One gel, containing a noncellulosic thickening agent showed a much more pronounced stress thinning (7,500 poise at low rates). Furthermore, at low rates of shear this material showed pronounced elastic behavior. This may well be clinically advantageous.


Inability of low levels of sorbitol and mannitol to support caries activity in rats. Under the environmental conditions of these experiments, neither 5 nor 10% sorbitol or mannitol in diets containing 62 or 57% corn starch, respectively, was capable of increasing the caries activity in rats above the level supported by a 67% starch diet. In contrast, 5% sucrose in the presence of 62% corn starch caused a slight increase and 10% sucrose in the presence of 57% starch caused a significant increase in caries activity beyond that observed when the diet containing 67% starch as the only carbohydrate was fed.


In vivo effects of direct current in the mandible. The application of low level direct current (3 to 5 mua in situ, that is, 50 mua/cm2), within the mandible of mature Beagle dogs results in an increased osteogenesis at the cathode (negative electrode) when compared to responses about nonactive (control) packs within the same dog. The increased osteogenesis suggests a stimulation of cellular activity rather than the electrophoretic migration of cells. Significant differences observed between platinum-iridium and stainless-steel electrodes seem to suggest that faradaic results play little or no role in the osteogenic response at the platinum-iridium cathode. Conversely, at all other electrodes, faradaic reactions compete to some extent with an osteogenic response. Careful consideration of current density and electrode composition must be taken into account when direct current stimulation is to be used.


Radioautographic study of mesenchymal cell activity in the secondary palate of the rat. In this radioautographic study of the developing secondary palate of the rat, it has been shown that there was not the increased nuclear labeling indicative of increased mitotic activity in the mesenchyme said to be responsible for medial rotation of the palatal shelves. Variations in labeling index in different regions of the developing palate appeared mainly because of developing bone and mucous glands.


Caseinolytic and glyoprotein hydrolase activity of Streptococcus mutans. Proteolytic hydrolysis of casein and porcine or bovine glycoproteins by S mutans was demonstrated in the present study. Caseinolytic activity was found in both the soluble contents of the cells and the cellular debris after rupture of the cells. However, caseinolytic activity could not be demonstrated after growth in the culture fluid from any of the strains of S mutans tested. The soluble fractions of S mutans did not possess glycoprotein hydrolase activity toward porcine or bovine glycoprotein, but glycoprotein hydrolase activity was present in both the cell-debris preparation from cells and in the culture fluid after growth of the cultures. Based on these observations, S mutans may possess several different types of proteinase enzymes with differing specificities for protein substrates.


A model for the study of development processes in dental research. In studying growth and developmental processes in dental research, variables other than simple chronological age must often be taken into account if we are to adequately characterize differences in the developmental patterns of the groups under consideration. As demonstrated in this article, cohort, time-of-measurement, and learning (testing) effects may significantly interfere with our ability to directly study development if the traditional cross-sectional and longitudinal designs are used. Mixed-longitudinal studies, with well-scheduled control groups, may better serve the dental research community in the design of studies dealing with the measurement of change.


Eruption rates of human upper third molars. Human maxillary third molars have been observed to have maximum rates of eruption of approximately 1 mm/2 mo. Rates of less than 1 mm/6 mo have also been recorded. Maximum rates of eruption were associated with spacing of the dentition. Passive eruption in the form of gingival recession is an important factor resulting in the exposure of the clinical crown.


Reflections on the controversy over expanded function dental auxiliaries.


Preliminary report on effect of topical applications of titanium tetrafluoride on dental caries. An annual, one-minute application of a 1% solution of titanium tetrafluoride to the teeth on one side of the mouth of each of 110 children offered greater protection against caries after three years than was given to teeth on the other side of the mouth treated with a four-minute application of acid phosphate fluoride.


Comparison of personal values among freshman and senior dental students and dental faculty. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of dental education on the values of dental students and dental faculty. This was accomplished by testing five hypotheses. The results of the study indicate no significant differences between freshmen and senior students' values; infer no apparent changes in student values during a dental education; indicate no significant differences between part-time faculty and full-time faculty; support a positive association among all groups, i.e., freshmen, seniors, full- and part-time faculty; rank-order the values for all groups from highest to lowest (theoretical, aesthetic, political, economic, social, and religious); and show some significant differences between students as a group and faculty as a group. If a more objective means of choosing dental students is desired, then further research will be needed to determine the characteristics of the type of practitioner that is needed. The presented data help in defining one aspect of the collective personality of dental students and dental faculties.


Impact of class environment on Machiavellianism and leadership, interpersonal need, and life-style orientations of dental students.


Lidocaine's influence on brain amines in mice. This series of experiments suggests that a relationship exists between convulsive doses of lidocaine and central depletion of 5-HT and DA. Since DA and usually 5-HT are regarded as central inhibitory transmitters, this study further supports the postulate that lidocaine's convulsive activity is by inhibition of central inhibitory pathways-possibly a dopaminergic or tryptaminergic pathway or both.


Effects of titanium tetrafluoride on human enamel. Acid etch biopsy specimens of human enamel surfaces treated with a TiF4 solution have shown fluoride uptake to be significantly greater than in untreated surfaces, but less than that obtained with an APF solution of the same fluoride concentration. The TiF4 treated surfaces, however, do show a statistically significant reduction in the acid solubility of the enamel. The presence of acid-resistant coating was shown by SEM.


Editorial: From SCARF to COAS to organizational stability?


"Social sensitivity" and admissions.

"Social sensitivity" and admissions.


Fluoride in human parotid saliva.

Fluoride in human parotid saliva. Gustatory stimulation was used to collect parotid saliva in an ascending flow rate pattern. F concentration was found to be independent of rate of flow. The F level in unstimulated parotid saliva, collected before the stimulate samplings, was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than that for the stimulated collections. It is suggested that this is an apparent increase based on the movement of water out of the lumen, which is in turn triggered by sodium reabsorption. The level of F in unstimulated saliva increased almost tenfold within one hour after the oral administration of 10 mg of F, and a significant (P less than 0.01) increase persisted even at 24 hours after administration of the dosage.


Money management for the dentist--a new course.


Selection of an experimental unit in rat caries studies. In two separate experiments, none of the 14 subunits examined consistently ranked dentifrices similarly to the ranking obtained when the individual rat was used as the experimental unit. Arbitrarily dividing the rat into subunits and then comparing results among these subunits may lead to false conclusions since the rankings using subunits vary within each experiment and from experiment to experiment.


Long-term effects of a liquid diet on salivary glands, periodontium, and palatal keratinization.


Undergraduate grades, class standings, and performance in a graduate orthodontics curriculum. This study shows that graduate performance correlates poorly with undergraduate class standing; that relatively large differences in class standing are not generally accompanied by correspondingly large differences in grade point average; and that performance in just ten courses, taken in the freshman and sophomores years, predicts, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.88, the final undergraduate class ranking of a student. It is argued that variables other than class rank should receive more weight in the selection of graduate dental students. Undergraduate orthodontics courses made no significant contribution to this prediction. These factors, when combined with a failure to include other relevant factors in selecting graduate students (in particular, the failure to take into account any postgraduate clinical experience), explain the low correlation between undergraduate class rank and performance in the graduate orthodontics program. It is suggested therefore that factors other than undergraduate class rank receive considerably more weight in the selection process.


Reactions in glass-ionomer cements: IV. Effect of chelating comonomers on setting behavior. The oscillating rheometer is a valuable instrument for studying the effects of additives on the setting behavior of a cement system. Using this instrument, it was found that certain chelating comonomers, the hydroxycarboxylic acids, could improve the setting characteristics of the glass-ionomer cement system when added to the PAA solution. The acid chelates probably assign the extraction of metal ions from the glass and also tend to hold them in solution, preventing premature ion binding of the polyanion chains. The effect is to increase the rate of hardening without reducing the working time, which may indeed by slightly increased. Tartaric acid, the most effective of the comonomers, can form a chelate bridge between aluminum atoms, and this metal complex probably acts as a flexible bridge structure linking polyanion chains. This mechanism offers some steric advantages over a simple salt bridge.


Kinetics and mechanism of hydroxyapatite crystal dissolution in weak acid buffers using the rotating disk method. The model given in this report and the rotating disk method provide a useful combination in the study of dental enamel and hydroxyapatite dissolution kinetics. The present approach is a significant improvement over earlier studies, and both the ionic activity product that governs the dissolution reaction and the apparent surface dissolution reaction rate constant may be simultaneously obtained. Thus, these investigations have established the baseline for the dissolution rate studies under sink conditions. Concurrent studies, under conditions where the acidic buffer mediums are partially saturated with respect to hydroxyapatite have shown another dissolution site for hydroxyapatite that operates at a higher ionic activity product but has a much smaller apparent surface reaction rate constant. This has raised the question of whether the presence of this second site may interfere with the proper theoretical analysis of the experimental results obtained under sink conditions. A preliminary analysis of the two-site model has shown that the dissolution kinetics of hydroxyapatite under sink conditions is almost completely governed by the sink condition site (KHAP = 10(-124.5), k' = 174) established in this report. The difference between the predicted dissolution rate for the one-site model and the two-site model are generally of the order of 4 to 5% where the experiments are conducted under sink conditions and over the range of variables covered in the present study.


Improving evaluation of amalgam restorations. A predictive model of overall quality of performance is presented which might assist both dental students and dental faculty by increasing the reliability of clinical and laboratory evaluations. Training effectiveness can be improved by identification of those restorative skills which contribute most to the quality rating of restoration.


Selection and evaluation of the postdoctoral student.


Training in force exertions during condensation of dental amalgam.


Improved medium for recovery of Rothia from dental plaque.


Actively involving students in a dental hygiene curriculum.


The effect of the third-party payment system on the profession.


Ultrastructure of capillaries in mouse periodontium.


Effect of growth medium on amino acid pools of oral streptococci.


Study of in vivo plaque formation.

Study of in vivo plaque formation. The technique of accumulating plaque on removable disks in a complete denture provides a convenient method for investigating plaque on artificial surfaces. Examination of the plaque specimen with a SEM indicated that the plaque consists of microorganisms and a nonstructured matrix. This technique provides results that are consistent for a given individual. However, a group of 12 different individuals had a wide range in the thickness and content of plaque accumulations during equal time intervals. Thin plaque accumulations consisted of a filmlike layer with an apparently small number of microorganisms. Thick layers of plaque consisted of relatively large numbers of microorganisms with some intercellular matrix. The thickness of the plaque layer is apparently determined primarily by the number of microorganisms present.


Surface failure of commercial and experimental restorative resins. A single-pass test was used to study the surface failure of commercial and experimental restorative resins and composites. The surface failure observed for unfilled diacrylate resins was more severe than that seen for an unfilled acrylic resin. Addition of nonsilanated filler to the diacrylate resins increased the resistance to penetration but did not dramatically change the mode of surface failure. The surface failure of the commercial composite resins, which contain silanated filler, was ductile in mode and the resistance to penetration of the diamond slider was the highest of the materials studied. The wear of restorative resins and composites is determined, therefore, by resistance to penetration as well as mode of deformation during sliding.


Characterization of cross-linked two-phase acrylic polymers. A cross-linked network was formed in the particulate disperse phase carried over from the soluble pearls only in one material tested (L). The preparation of this material involved a slow rate of polymerization that allowed sufficient time for imbibition of the cross-linking monomer by the particles. In two of the materials (CR and S), the particulate phase was extractable and the remaining cross-linked matrix could be characterized for equilibrium swelling by volumetric measurements. Equilibrium swelling values were used to estimate densities of elastically effective chains in the network.


Effect of dextranase prepared from Spicaria violacea on dental caries in the hamster.


Delineation of somatic nerve endings in rat teeth by radioautography of axon-transported protein. We have shown that there is extensive innervation of cusp pulp and dentin in rat molars. The dental nerves either end freely below the odontoblast layer or form gap junction endings on the odontobast cell body or along its dential process. The nerves are largely absent from response dentin, are found in contact with virtually all other odontoblasts at the tip of the cusps, are less frequent in intercuspal regions, and are absent from root dentin and odontoblast layers. The incisors were completely different from the molars, perhaps because they are continuously erupting teeth. The distribution of nerve endings in rat molars may be representative of that in teeth of other species, but the nerve endings should be mapped radioautographically for each type of tooth before generalizations can be made.


Private practice and other systems of dental care: must they compete?


Letter: The new slavery.

Letter: The new slavery.


Continuing education: the challenge and the opportunity.


The dilemma of dental school admissions: a possible solution.


Observations on calcium-induced stability of salivary proteins in a lipid-extraction system. The system described for investigating the effects of small ions on macromolecules of saliva may be applied to other solutions and is amenable to manipulation in order to obtain more specific information. Studies using aqueous solutions of saliva fractions previously separated by gel filtration are being conducted with C/M solutions containing various bivalent cation chloride salts. Preliminary results from these current studies have demonstrated that when the proteins are stabilized they vary as a function of the cation used.


Editorial: Advertising in dentistry.

Editorial: Advertising in dentistry.


Action of melatonin on caries development in rats.


Thermal diffusion through amalgam and cement base: comparison of in vitro and in vivo measurements. Thermal diffusion was measured in vitro and in vivo through amalgam and amalgam underlaid with bases of zinc phosphate, zinc oxide-eugenol, and calcium hydroxide cements. Although the magnitudes differed, there generally was good agreement between in vitro and in vivo data with respect to the relative rates of thermal diffusivity through amalgam restorations underlaid with bases of each of the three materials. In all tests, both in vitro and in vivo, the zinc oxide-eugenol base proved to be the best thermal insulator. Calcium hydroxide was the next best thermal barrier and was followed by zinc phosphate cement. In vitro tests indicated dentin to be a better thermal insulator than zinc phosphate cement but inferior to the zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide base materials used here. Although a method has been presented here for the in vivo assessment of the efficacy of thermal insulating bases and a number of in vivo experiments were conducted, much research remains to be done in this area. Additional investigation is needed to better define the parameters of thermal change beneath various types of restoratives and also to establish more exactly the role of base thickness in providing thermal protection beneath clinical metallic restorations.


Union goals in prepaid dental programs.

Union goals in prepaid dental programs.


Preservation of the dentist-patient relationship. The Indiana Plan in action.


Methods for analysis of acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity in single hybrid cells. Two methods are described which allow the quantitative assay of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-1,4-glucosidase in single fibroblasts. In the first procedure the substrate was maltose, and liberated glucose was measured with an enzymatic cycling procedure for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Single cultured fibroblasts were found to have enzyme activities in the range of 0.5-10 X 10(-13) moles glucose/hr. In the second procedure the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyransodie was used. It is hydrolyzed in a single step reaction to the fluorescent product 4-methylumbelliferone (MU). By reducing the incubation volume and by measuring the fluorescence in microdroplets with a microscope fluorometer, a sensitivity of 10(-14) moles MU could be obtained. Activities were found ranging from 0.5-10 X 10(-14) moles MU/hr/cell. Both procedures for single cell analysis proved to be reliable when compared with conventional assays on cell homogenates. Cocultivation and cell fusion studies were performed to demonstrate that these methods can be used to study the metabolic and genetic interaction between normal and enzyme-deficient fibroblasts derived from patients with glycogenosis II.


Dental and periodontal effects of calcitonin in hamsters.


The ethical obligation.

The ethical obligation.


Kansas building trades dental program.

Kansas building trades dental program.


Continuing education conference recommendations.


An adjunct to exploration and preliminary enlargement of canal orifices.


Workshop of Advanced Endodontic Programs. Group 5. A. Where are we and where are we going?


Report to the membership on the health care plans conference.


Workshop of Advanced Endodontic Programs. Group 5. B. Discussion.


Scanning electron microscopic study of the efficacy of various irrigation solutions: urea, Tubulicid Red, and Tubulicid Blue.


Reversal of external root resorption.

Reversal of external root resorption.


In vivo autoradiographic study of relative penetrating abilities of aqueous 2% parachlorophenol and cambhorated 35% parachlorophenol.


Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of root canal sealing agents on tissue culture cells in vitro: Grossman's sealer, N2 (permanent), Rickerts's sealer, and Cavit.


Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome.

Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome.


Torsional failure of endodontic files.

Torsional failure of endodontic files.


Scanning electron microscopic examination of root canal filling materials.


Renin activities in hypertensive patients.


Fatty liver induced by furylfuramide in rats.


A study of bone scintigraphy using technetium 99 m pyrophosphate and scintillation camera in patients with known neoplasms.


Plasma cortisol levels in diabetic patients.


Letter: Clinicians for state and regional Society meetings.


Letter: A divided house?

Letter: A divided house?


Editorial: The regulation of office anesthesia.


Evaluation of a microcrystalline collagen preparation in extraction wounds. The microcrystalline collagen preparation evaluated in this study appeared to create a slightly denser and longer lasting inflammation and to delay slightly the early phase of bone repair in this wound model. However, beneficial effects of more rapid achievement of hemostatis were also noted. On the basis of these findings, it would be of interest to compare this material with other more widely used materials, such as gelatin foam, in this wound model.


Cardiorespiratory effects of a balanced anesthetic technique in outpatient general anesthesia. Detailed measures have been made of the cardiorespiratory effects of a balanced general anesthetic technique on ten young patients undergoing oral surgery. The combination of fentanyl, diazepam, and atropine followed by N2O/O2 and methohexital resulted in a respiratory hyperoxic state throughout surgery and there was no evidence of hypercardia at any anesthesia stage. Cardiovascular stability was judged to be generally superior to that reported for techniques that have relied on methohexital without premedication. This balanced general anesthetic technique offers the oral surgeon-anesthetist a safe, effective, and practical alternative to techniques that rely on more potent anesthetic gases.


Analgesic requirements after orthognathic surgery. Postoperative analgesic requirements of a series of 45 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery are presented. Of the first 25 patients treated before a minimal analgesic protocol was begun, 21 received narcotic medication for relief of discomfort. In the second group of 20 patients, five received mild analgesics and one received a narcotic. A combination of factors such as paresthesia, immobilization, premedication, steroids, and residual effects of general anesthetic agents probably contributed to the relative lack of severe pain after orthognathic surgery.


Aberrant conduction as a precursor to cardiac arrhythmias during anesthesia for oral surgery. In 109 patients, it was determined that halothane, when used to anesthetize patients for oral surgical procedures, causes an increased risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias when compared to methoxyflurane and fentanyl/droperidol. It is postulated that this is due to halothane's ability to decrease cardiac conduction and to facilitate the development of reentry phenomena. This decreased conduction may be accentuated by vagal efferent reflexes that have the same effect. The decrease in cardiac conduction was manifested by an ECG pattern of aberrant conduction. This phenomenon was not noted with either methoxyflurane or fentanyl/droperidol.


Outpatient treatment of hemophiliacs for dental extractions. The outpatient treatment program for dental extraction in persons with the various forms of hemophilia has been reported. This program was initiated at the Hemophilia Rehabilitation Center at Orthopaedic Hospital in Los Angeles in 1966. During the nine years of this program, 260 patients have had 642 teeth extracted. eighty percent of these patients were outpatients and 64% of the extractions were performed on an outpatient basis. This outpatient treatment has been accompanied by an absence of a significant number of complications as evidenced by the postextraction hospitalization of only five patients during the nine-year period. The surgical technique uses a local anesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor or an ultralight intravenous general anesthetic in addition to the local anesthetic for the apprehensive or acutely infected patient. EACA is used as an antifibrinolytic agent postsurgically. Patient education and cooperation, diet control, and daily contact are important factors for the success of an outpatient oral surgery program for hemophilic patients.


The application of xeroradiography in oral surgery.


Palatal osteotomy: a simple approach to maxillary alveolar atrophy.


Treatment of fractures of the zygomatic bone. Various methods of treatment used for 70 patients with complex fractures of the zygomatic bone are reviewed. It was established that adequate fixation of most instances of rotated tripodal fractures can be accomplished with use of a zygomaticofrontal wire supplemented by an intrasinus Foley catheter.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 15, part 1.


The use of silk for maxillomandibular fixation. A method of maxillomandibular fixation for jaw fractures that uses silk ligatures has been described. After the period of muscle spasm has been overcome by maxillomandibular elastics, these are replaced with the silk suture material. Silk prevents the occurrence of hypertrophy of the buccal mucosa that is occasionally seen with the use of elastics. Also, patient comfort is improved by minimizing the pull on the teeth and facilitating better oral hygiene in the postoperative period.


Ludwig's angina due to bacteroides.

Ludwig's angina due to bacteroides. This case presentation concerns a 21-year-old Negro man in whom Ludwig's angina developed after a dental infection. The many serious complications encountered with such an infection are described in some detail. The involvement of anaerobic Bacteroides in infections of the head and neck is also noted and the approach to treatment is described.


Technique for needle biopsy in the foramen ovale region.


Dual publication issue.

Dual publication issue.


Managment of severe injuries of the head and neck inflicted by an unusual weapon.


Letter: Growing problems for new graduates.


The foreign graduate as an answer to the manpower problem.


The intraoral inverted-L double-oblique osteotomy of the mandibular ramus: a new technique for correction of mandibular prognathism. Use of a new technique for correction of mandibular prognathism has resulted in reduction of operating time, less loss of blood, and minimal change in muscle relationships. Wiring of the fragments and use of pressure dressing are unnecessary; edema is minimal.


Anterior and posterior lingual depressions of the mandible. Both posterior and anterior lingual depressions occur in the mandible. The posterior lingual mandibular depressions appear to be more common than had been previously reported. This probably due to one or both of the following causes. Shallow lesions are difficult to diagnose radiographically since an appreciable depth of lingual cortical plate must be resorbed before they can be visualized. As these may be active lesions, a slow resorptive process could place the patient into middle age or beyond before the lesion is clinically diagnosed. It is suggested that posterior lingual mandibular depressions may be benign, self-limiting lesions that are caused by a slow resorptive process resulting from pressure of unknown origin. The anterior lingual mandibular depressions are variable findings in dried mandibles that appear grossly as round or oval smooth depressions with intact buccal and lingual cortical plates and, radiographically, as ill-defined radiolucent areas with no radiopaque borders. They are usually located in the incisor-lateral-canine area and are usually bilateral. It is suggested that these depressions may be developmental anomalies related to the buttons of Gaughran or that they may simply be anatomic variants. They differ from posterior depressions in both gross and radiographic appearance, which suggests the existence of two distinct entities.


Indications for antibiotics in orthognathic surgery. One hundred forty-eight cases of orthognathic surgery were evaluated for incidence of infection; 68 had antibiotic prophylaxis and 80 did not. Only three instances of infection occurred, all in the group that had received antibiotics. Results of this study disprove the necessity for routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in most types of orthognathic surgery.


Technique for primary closure of infected wounds of the orofacial region. A technique for successful immediate primary closure of long-standing, neglected, or infected wounds of the orofacial region has been described. Functional and esthetic results have been gratifying with the need for secondary revision generally obviated.


Intraoral papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. The literature related to intraoral papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum is critically reviewed and the reported cases analyzed to determine the average age, sex, and race of patients, and the site distribution of this curious lesion. Two new cases are reported. The histogenesis and differential diagnosis from cystadenocarcinoma are briefly discussed.


Fluid therapy in the critically injured patient. Sufficient clotting factors to ensure coagulation and replacement of lost volume and oxygen-carrying capacity are necessary to obviate many of the complications that may occur when massive transfusions are used in patients with multiple injuries. A regimen that has been successful includes immediate infusion of plasma protein fraction, packed red cells, fresh-frozen plasma, and nonspecific platelets.


Unusual metastasis from an anaplastic carcinoma in the parotid gland.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 15, part 2. Large complex odontoma of the maxilla.


Displaced tooth in the piriform sinus.

Displaced tooth in the piriform sinus.


Cut-down sialography of the submandibular gland. Sialography of the submandibular gland which is often deferred because of inability to isolate, dilate, and cannulate Wharton's duct, can be safely accomplished with minimal morbidity with use of a modification of the surgical procedure to remove a salivary ductal calculus. It can be accomplished as an office procedure in ambulatory patients.


Use of Kirschner wires for securing acrylic splints to the maxilla. A technique is described for securing a splint to the maxilla in instances where there is adequate alveolar bone without having to use circumzygomatic or nasal wiring.


Congenital micrognathia and partial adactylia. A case of micrognathia and partial adactylia is presented. Several syndromes that can be classified under the term oral-mandibular-limb dysgenesis are discussed, as well as a report of a patient with malformations corresponding closely to the malformations seen in our patient. Genetic and environmental causes of micrognathia are discussed in conjunction with the various theories of the mechanism of congential oral deformities. Finally, a surgical approach to the correction of micrognathia is presented with postoperative results.


Structure of the microbial flora associated with periodontal health and disease in man. A light and electron microscopic study. Teeth slated for extraction were evaluated with respect to their periodontal status and classified accordingly into five categories; namely normal, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis and postperiodontosis. After processing, one approximal surface of each tooth was sampled at various levels in an apico-occlusal direction for light and electron microscopic study of the associated bacterial flora. In normal samples, the flora consisted of a relatively thin, adherent bacterial layer confined to the enamel surface. The cells were predominantly coccoid in shape with cell wall features compatible with those of Gram-positive organisms. Isolated filamentous or branching forms and some Gram-negative bacteria were noted on the surface of the more apical portion of the bacterial layer. No flagellated cells or spirochetes were present. Gingivitis samples yielded a relatively more voluminous and complex supragingival flora with relatively more filamentous bacteria and more cells with a Gram-negative cell wall ultrastructure. These samples also contained corncob formations on the surface of supragingival deposits, and flagellated cells with spirochetes within the predominantly Gram-negative flora of the sulcus bottom. Supragingival bacterial deposits of periodontitis samples were similar to those observed in gingivitis. The subgingival flora consisted of relatively fewer cells adherent to the root surface with a concomitant increase in the population of Gram-negative and flagellated cells, as well as spirochetes. The tissue side of the subgingival flora generally exhibited a distinctive concentration of "test-tube brush" formations, spirochetes of predominantly medium size, and assorted cell types peculiar to this region. A transitional flora generally separated the supra- from the subgingival microbial population. Periodontosis samples had a relatively sparse, predominantly Gram-negative flora. A unique electron-dense, lobulated cuticular deposit covered the majority of the samples studied. Postperiodontosis samples were much more similar in their microbial flora to the periodontitis group. The results suggest that (1) a certain microbial flora may be compatible with a state of periodontal health; (2) a different flora is associated with varying degrees of periodontal disease; (3) the structure and composition of the supragingival flora differs markedly from that of the subgingival flora; (4) with the exception of periodontis, the alterations of the microbial flora as periodontal disease increases inseverity parallel the changes described previously in the microbial population collected on artificial crowns during experimentally induced gingivitis. The use of the expressions "microbial flora" or "microbial population" is considered preferable to the terms "plaque", "materia alba", or "debris" in reference to the microbiota of the gingival sulcus region.


The use of blade implants in a selected population of partially edentulous adults. A five-year report. Based on the findings observed after the insertion of 33 blade implants in 23 patients, ages 31 to 74, for periods up to 60 months, the following conclusions can be made: (1) The blade implant is a technically feasible procedure which can be maintained in the mouth for period up to 5 years, although some degree of bony breakdown will be seen in a majority of the patients at this time; (2) The degree of breakdown around blade implants is almost exclusively located to the locus of the neck of the implant and is most likely due to the lack of attachment at the epithelial-implant interface.


Psoriasis of the attached gingiva. Case report. Psoriasis of the gingiva is a rarely diagnosed disease entity. A case is presented with both clinical and histologic documentation that fulfills all basic criteria. It is suggested that oral psoriasis does not contraindicate periodontal or prosthetic management.


Histologic features of the superior labial frenum. Histologic examination was performed on the superior labial frenum obtained from 11 fresh biopsy and three autopsy specimens. The frena contained considerable dense collagen, loose connective tissue and elastic fibers. There were no muscle fibers in any of the frenum sections except the autopsy specimens, where it was seen in the vestibular tissue but not in the frenum proper.


A knife-holder for disposable blades designed for gingival surgery.


Periodontal disease associated with preleukemic syndrome. A case of preleukemic syndrome associated with severe periodontal disease has been presented for the first time. The clinical, radiographic and hematologic findings have been discussed, as well as medical and periodontal therapy.


A new concept of periodontal disease.

A new concept of periodontal disease.


Presidential address.

Presidential address.


Rebuilding of microvascularization following surgical gingival elimination by split flap. Study by perfusion and diaphanization. 1. Intra-arterial vital perfusion was used in dogs to study the rebuilding of the large amount of gingiva and its vascularization, which were removed surgically by split flaps. 2. Visualization of the reconstruction of the microvascularization could be observed through thick (400 mu) sections cleared in methyl salicylate. 3. The periosteal vessels and the vascular plexi of the dentogingival junction were the only vessels remaining after the surgery, and served as progenitors for the rebuilding of the vascularization of the new soft tissue complex. 4. After 48 hours the cut vessels were closed and new capillaries were beginning to form. An intense superficial vascularization was connected by multiple vessels to the periosteal vasculature (4 days), showing the largest number of superficial blood vessels after 7 days, when the area was primarily re-epithelialized.


Forced eruption: part II. A method of treating nonrestorable teeth--Periodontal and restorative considerations. In selected cases, forced eruption may be a useful approach in treating isolated nonrestorable teeth as a result of trauma, caries, or iatrogenic dentistry. This paper has presented the biologic rationale, objectives, technics and clinical cases to demonstrate the principle. Evaluation has been made of potential difficulties which may develop with the technic and areas for future research have been identified.


Mast cell distribution in oral tissues of germ-free vs. conventional beagle dogs. Light microscopic examination of the mast cell distribution in various oral tissues in germ-free and conventional beagle dogs revealed no differences between the two animals. Mast cells were observed in all tissues examined, with an increasing order of incidence as follows: cervical lymph node, parotid and submandibular glands, marginal gingivae, buccal mucosa and the middle one-third of the tongue. All four types (round, oval, elongated, and pseudopodial) of mast cells cell shapes previously described in the literature were observed. The marginal gingivae associated with the mandibular, second bicuspids was examined by light microscopy and was classified as to degree of inflammatory involvement. In a comparison of germ-free and conventional animals, the distribution of the degree of inflammation proved to be random. Correlation between mast cell densities and the degree of inflammatory infiltration was not statistically significant. However, mast cells tended to decrease as the inflammation became more severe. Electron microscopic examination of mast cells in the buccal mucosa revealed no difference in morphology of cells from germ-free or conventional animals. Cytoplasmic granules were of two basic types, one exhibited an amorphous matrix of uniform density and the other consisted of laminated coils of various sizes and densities.


A method for retention of the periodontal pack.


Factors (aging) affecting bone and cementum.


The direct functional chew-in technique in the construction of bite guards. Bite guards are useful in the treatment of a number of occlusal and temporomandibular joint problems. These include clenching, bruxism, temporary stabilization of loose teeth and temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. A method has been presented for the construction of hard acrylic bite guards using a direct functional chew-in technique. This method produces bite guards which require little or no adjustment in just three short office visits.


Goals of periodontal therapy.

Goals of periodontal therapy.


Probing of pockets related to the attachment level. Twenty immediate denture patients with periodontitis participated in a controlled study to determine the relationship between clinical probing of pocket depth and the connective tissue attachment. Maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were probed clinically by one investigator to determine attachment levels. The mesial and distal facial line angles were probed from the cementoenamel junction and from a coronal bur groove, to the clinically determined attachment level. One hundred and sixteen teeth were measured. The teeth were extracted, rinsed, and stained with 4% methylene blue in 50% alcohol to demonstrate the remaining connective tissue attachment. A second investigator using the same probe as the first measured the distance from the coronal bur groove and cementoenamel junction to the most coronal extension of the connective tissue attachment. These measurements were repeated by the second investigator using a dividing caliper and a millimeter scale with a Vernier. The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance for grouped teeth, pairwise t statistic for all teeth, and an analysis of variance for all teeth. The results showed: the influence of the interaction between the patients and technique of measurement, bench and clinical, was negligible for the grouped teeth and for all teeth. The difference between the clinical and bench measurements was not significant for all the teeth as well. The null hypothesis that the difference between the clinical measurement and bench measurement is zero was satisified.


Letter: The Committee on Ethics commenting on the conduct and judgment of members.


Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with gingival lesion. Review and case reports. A case of hereditary, hemorrhagic telangiectasia is described which has been under observation for more than 8 years. The clinical findings are discussed; light microscopic and electron microscopic findings as well as current research for a causative mechanism and recommended therapy are reviewed. The patient exhibited gingival telangiectatic participation. Another, even more severe case of this disease showed repeated, severe hemorrhage from mucosal lesions in the region of the incisive papilla, severe internal bleeding from the nasal mucosa and the gut and several punctate gingival telangiectases. The occurance of gingival lesions may not be as rare as thought. Such lesions may simply be rather inconspicuous.


Clinical results of the measurement of occlusal wear of complete dentures. This study supports the clinical impression that acrylic resin teeth wear down faster than porcelain teeth but does not support Myerson's view that the total wear of acrylic resin opposing porcelain teeth is less than that of acrylic resin opposing acrylic resin teeth. There was a wide range of rate of wear in acrylic resin teeth opposing acrylic resin teeth. Dentures of the four subjects in the porcelain-only group showed considerably less wear. The dentures with acrylic resin teeth opposing porcelain teeth showed the same general trend, i.e., a high rate of wear for the acrylic resin teeth with very little for the porcelain teeth. Conclusive proof is given for the differing wear rates of acrylic resin and porcelain teeth when opposing like materials.


Treatment of complete denture patients in a geriatric facility.


The relationship of bevels to the adaptation of intracoronal inlays. The elongation of Types II and III gold alloys ranges from 20 to 35 per cent. It has therefore been proposed that a nonbeveled margin could be "pulled" (elongation) to close the margin. However, in clinical practice, it is difficult to pull gold over an unsupported space to close the margin. Furthermore, the thin area of gold that would be pulled toward the margin could easily be sheared or abraded during finishing. Malleting or swaging a beveled margin is a more sucessful technique of adapting cast gold to the cavosurface angles.


In vivo evaluation of marginal leakage of four inlay cements. Marginal leakage was demonstrated in all the inlays at all time intervals with all cements by the use of the isotope Ca45. Gross marginal leakage was observed in all inlays luted with the cyanoacrylate cement at all time intervals. The setting time of this cement is very short, making it difficult to completely seat the inlay before the cement sets. The results of this study indicate that the cyanoacrylate cement is not a satisfactory luting medium for Class V inlays. Inlays cemented with EBA demonstrated leakage patterns similar to those of inlays seated with polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements in the specimens taken at 72 hours. In the 3 month and 6 month specimens, greater marginal leakage was seen with EBA cement than with polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements. Leakage patterns associated with polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements were very similar at all time intervals. The polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements showed less marginal leakage than the other two cements at 3 months and 6 months. The results of this study indicate that inlays cemented with polycarboxylate cement and zinc phosphate cement exhibit significantly less marginal leakage than the cyanoacrylate cement and EBA cement over a 6 month period of time.


Temporomandibular joint function and its effect on concepts of occlusion. Many of the premises of dentistry that have evolved empirically have been re-evaluated in the light of newly-developed concepts of TMJ function. Centric relation, although duplicable, may not necessarily be correct. A "functional" centric relation exists when the TMJ radiographs can be correlated with the occlusal findings, in which case, the retruded classical centric relation should be used. When a "dysfunctional" centric relation is present (no correlation between the TMJ radiographs and occlusal findings), the most retruded position should not be used and a therapeutic centric occlusion should be created by the dentist. Subclinical TMJ dysfunction occurs more frequently than commonly thought, because TMJ radiographs are not routinely used. Retruded condylar displacements can be easily overlooked, because the lateral pterygoid muscle has relatively few stretch receptors compared to the elevator muscles of the mandible. Condylar retrusion, therefore, would not necessarily cause lateral pterygoid spasm as might be expected. The exact mechanism of the TMJ suspension system is unknown, although experimental evidence has shown that the condyle can be displaced superiorly with posterior unsupported muscle force. This indicates that the immutability of the condylar path under varying clinical conditions is questionable. Due to the superior displacement characteristics of the TMJ, the condyle does not act as the fulcrum in mandibular kinetics. The fulcrum, therefore, shifts to the teeth and/or bolus, depending on the specific situation. In either instance, whether considering bruxism or mastication, for most patients, an occlusion based on group function is preferable to a canine-protected occlusion to insure TMJ health. Scientifically, no one scheme of occlusion or articulation has been proven to be superior to any other scheme; therefore, the choice is a matter of the personal preference of the dentist.


Adhesion of polycarboxylate cements to dental casting alloys. The adhesive strengths of four commercial polycarboxylate cements to five dental casting alloys were compared with the strength of a conventional zinc phosphate cement. The following results were obtained. (1) The polycarboxylate cements showed adhesion that was four to 12 times greater than that of the zinc phosphate cement to all alloys tested. (2) The adhesive strength of the polycarboxylate cements was greater to the chemically active substitute alloys, such as the copper, nickel-chromium, and silver-tin-zinc alloys. The adhesion of the polycarboxylate cements to the chemically stable gold and silver-palladium alloys was not as great, but was four to six times that of the zinc phosphate cement. (3) The difference in adhesive strength between the brands of polycarboxylate cement was generally slight or statistically insignificant.


A histologic comparison of effects of electrosurgical resection using different electrodes. Electrosurgery is a helpful adjunct to restorative dentistry, yet there often is damage to underlying connective tissue. In this study, small loop electrodes demonstrated a wider area of coagulation necrosis than was found with needle electrodes. In all instances, coagulation necrosis as a result of heat was noted. To help minimize tissue damage, very fine wire electrodes should be used, and entry into deep tissue layers should be avoided.


Education and Research Foundation of Prosthodontics.


The making of a prosthodontist: advanced prosthodontic education at the University of Southern California.


Internal iliac artery (hypogastric) ligation for control of obstetric and gynecologic hemorrhage.


Normal infant birth in White galactosemic woman.


A gynecocentric view of personality development.


Mass screening in New Jersey for Tay-Sachs gene.


Embolization of renal artery for carcinoma.


Clinical pathological conference aftermath.


Information sources for the neurosciences.


Therapeutic drug information center.

Therapeutic drug information center.


Surgical treatment of intranasal obstruction due to polyps.


Case reports: Disseminated intravascular coagulation: priorities in therapy.


Do cardiologists prescribe oral hypoglycemic drugs?


Comprehensive care of patients with pulmonary disease in Newark.


Progress report of the affiliated pacemaker centers in New Jersey.


Case report. Pulmonary berylliosis following exposure to beryllium-copper.


Continuing medical education: a profile of community hospitals in New Jersey.


Adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer.


Hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the spleen.

Hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the spleen.