The effects of age and exercise on the succinic dehydrogenase content of dystrophic hamster muscle fibres.


The histochemical demonstration of mucosubstances in the glandular layer of the spermoviduct of the slug Deroceras laevis.


Some histochemical observations on the mucosubstances of the nasal glands of the mouse.


Studies on the alkaline hydrolysis of nucleic acid in tissue sections. V. Cytophotometric evaluation of the effect of an alkaline hydrolysis on the Feulgen reaction.


Cholinesterase-rich cells in the rat fundic mucosa. A light and electron microscopical investigation.


Acridine orange as a supravital fluorochrome indicating varying degrees of chromatin condensation.


Investigation of staining, polarization and fluorescence microscopic properties of myoepithelial cells.


Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in pig tissues.


Some evidence of the nature of the Golgi-Cox deposit and its biochemical origin.


Cardiovascular effects of the addition of N2O to halothane in stump-tailed macaques during spontaneous and controlled ventilation.


Semipermeable membranes for improving the histochemical demonstration of enzyme activities in tissue sections. IV. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating).


Carbon monoxide euthanasia of dogs: chamber concentrations and comparative effects of automobile engine exhaust and carbon monoxide from a cylinder.


Comparison of pituitary gland cytology in three species of leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideridae).


Confirmation of pesticide residue identity. VIII. Organophosphorus pesticides.


Radioimmunoassay for phenobarbital.

Radioimmunoassay for phenobarbital.


Confirmation of six organothiophosphorus pesticides by chemical derivatization at nanogram levels.


Adsorption of proteins onto hydrophobic polymer surfaces: adsorption isotherms and kinetics.


Ultrastructure of mitosis and cytokinesis in the multinucleate green alga Acrosiphonia. The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis in the multinucleate green alga Acrosiphonia have been examined in the light and electron microscopes. The course of events in division includes thickening of the chloroplast and migration of numerous nuclei and other cytoplasmic incusions to form a band in which mitosis occurs, while other nuclei in the same cell but not in the band do not divide. Centrioles and microtubules are associated with migrated and dividing nuclei but not with nonmigrated, nondividing nuclei. Cytokinesis is accomplished in the region of the band, by means of an annular furrow which is preceded by a hoop of microtubules. No other microtubules are associated with the furrow. Characteristics of nuclear and cell division in Acrosiphonia are compared with those of other multinucleate cells and with those of other green algae.


Ultrastructural localization of rhodopsin in the vertebrate retina. Early work by Dewey and collaborators has shown the distribution of rhodopsin in the frog retina. We have repeated these experiments on cow and mouse eyes using antibodies specific to rhodopsin alone. Bovine rhodopsin in emulphogene was purified on an hydroxyapatite column. The purity of this reagent was established by spectrophotometric criteria, by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, and by isoelectric focusing. This rhodopsin was used as an immunoadsorbent to isolate specific antibodies from the antisera of rabbits immunized with bovine rod outer segments solubilized in 2% digitonin. The antibody so prepared was shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be in the IgG class and did not cross-react with lipid extracts of bovine rod outer segments. Papain-digested univalent antibodies (Fab) coupled with peroxidase were used to label rhodopsin in formaldehyde-fixed bovine and murine retinas. In addition to the disk membranes, the plasma membrane of the outer segment, the connecting cilium, and part of the rod inner segment membrane were labeled. We observed staining on both sides of the rod outer segment plasma membrane and the disk membrane. Discrepancies were observed between results of immunolabeling experiments and observations of membrane particles seen in freeze-cleaved specimens. Our experiments indicate that the distribution of membrane particles in freeze cleaving experiments reflects the distribution of membrane proteins. Immunolabeling, on the other hand, can introduce several different types of artifact, unless controlled with extreme care.


Fine structural demonstration of ordered arrays of cytoplasmic filaments in vertebrate iridophores. A comparative survey. Thin and thick sections of both physiologically active and physiologically passive iridophores from a range of vertebrate species have been examined by electron microscopy at 60 kV and at 1,000 kV. All iridophores studied have been found to contain 65-A filaments linking successive crystals in their parallel stacks; their orientation in the cell is shown in stereo pairs of 0.25-microm sections obtained from high voltage microscopy. In addition, several of the physiologically passive iridophores contain 100-A filaments in varying numbers. It is suggested that the thin filaments might be iridophore actin and play a role in the movement of iridophore components, and that the 100-A filaments might play a cytoskeletal role in the iridophores in which they occur.


Effects of phosphotungstate negative staining on the morphology of the isolated Golgi apparatus. Isolated Golgi complexes can be recognized in phosphotungstate (PTA) negative stain as stacks of membranous plates surrounded by a complex anastomosing network of tubules and vesicles. The extent of this tubular network is, however, much greater than can be observed in thin sections of whole cells. To determine which of the steps leading to the final negatively stained image may produce the observed changes, we have monitored each of the steps by other electron microscope and biochemical methods. The first damage to the membranes seems to occur during the initial isolation procedure as judged by the appearance of smooth patches on the freeze-fractured membrane faces that are normally covered with particles. Subsequent suspension of the Golgi fraction in water, to dilute the sucrose for negative staining, leads to the disappearnce of the stacking, to some tubulation and some vesiculation of the membranes as judged by thin section and freeze-cleave microscopy. The latter technique also reveals an increase in smooth-cleaving membrane faces. Application of the negative stain to the water-washed Golgi fraction, finally, produces extensive tubular arrays and a simultaneous decrease in the remaining large membranous vesicles. The freeze-cleaved tubular membranes appear essentially smooth except for small patches of aggregated particles. Parallel gel electrophoresis studies of the membranes and of the water and negative stain wash extracts indicate that protein extraction is involved in these morphological changes. PTA seems to be a particularly effective solvent for certain membrane proteins that are not removed by the water wash. These observations suggest that removal of membrane proteins alters structural restraints on the membrane lipids so that they behave semiautonomously like myelinics and form new artificial structures. This does not eliminate the possibility, however, that some tubules also exist in the Golgi apparatus in vivo.


Light and electron microscopy of laser microirradiated chromosomes.


Characterization of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate deposits in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.


Localization of lipophosphonoglycan on both sides of Acanthamoeba plasma membrane.


Detection of DNA synthesis in interphase nuclei by fluorescence microscopy.


Prognosis and survival with extranodal Hodgkin's disease.


Immunologic reactions and Australia antigenemia in Down's syndrome.


Plasma renin activity, renin substrate and aldosterone during treatment with various oral contraceptives.


Immunologic specificity of transfer factor. This study examined the immunologic specificity of transfer factor using a chromatographically purified transfer factor preparation. The specificity of transfer was examined utilizing immunity to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and tuberculin. Transfer factor prepared from a donor immune to KLH successfully transferred KLH skin test reactivity to 10 out of 10 recipients. In contrast, comparable amounts of transfer factor from two donors not immune to KLH failed to transfer immunity to KLH in 11 recipients despite evidence for successful transfer of tuberculin reactivity. Unlike prior studies with a variety of antigens, the immunity to KLH in recipients of KLH immune transfer factor appeared comparable to that of the donor since both could be elicited with the same skin test antigen dose. These observations indicate that transfer factor can initiate a specific immune response to an antigen not previously encountered by the recipient and that in certain circumstances this immune response can be comparable to that of the donor. These observations on specificity and potency of transfer factor have important implications for the clinical use of this material.


An immunoperoxidase technique for the identification of gastrin-producing cells. A technique for the identification of gastrin-producing cells (G cells) is described. This is applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. It is based on an immunohistochemical method using peroxidase-labelled antibodies.


Deep scopulariopsosis: a case report and sensitivity studies. A 36-year-old female was admitted to hospital for debridement of chronically inflamed tendon sheaths and adjacent tissues near the left ankle. Despite antibiotic therapy and initial surgical interventions, the inflammation had progressed slowly over 16 months. Histopathological examination of excised tissues in September 1973 revealed a chronic granulomatous inflammation of tendon sheaths and muscle. Many branched hyphal segments, intercalary swollen cells, and a few conidia-like bodies were seen in sections, and also in KOH- and PAS-stained slides prepared from homogenized tissues. Culture of homogenized tissues yielded pure colonies of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Sensitivity tests were initially begun with amphotericin B, potassium iodide, and potassium tartrate (0.05-15 mug/ml of the phytone-yeast extract agar), and no inhibitory effect was observed. Subsequently, amphotericin B, antimony, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), griseofulvin, hamycin, and mycostatin were tested (25-300 mug/ml of the phytone-yeast extract agar). Of these chemicals, griseofulvin and hamycin proved to be most effective. Antimony and 5-FC were ineffective, and mycostatin produced a negligible effect on growth. The four strains of Lysobacter antibioticus, the producer of myxin antibiotic, strongly inhibited the growth of the fungus.


Interaction of gelatin with stereospecific binding proteins and its enhancement of competitive binding assays. The effect of gelatin (0.5 g/l) on binding curves at high dilution of three classes of stereo-specific binding proteins was studied. These included two antibodies (to oestradiol and aldosterone), six transins (horse and dog transcortins, human thyroxine-binding globulin, human sex steroid-binding globulin, and guinea pig transprogestin), and one receptor (bovine adrenal protein kinase). Gelatin increased the apparent binding of all these proteins, particularly at the highest dilutions and sometimes in a striking manner. While much of this action can be attributed to its decreasing the adhesion of the dilute binding protein to glass, gelatin also increased the apparent uptake of some tracers by certain adsorbents. Similar findings were obtained using human gamma globulin (2 g/l). These effects resulted in increased sensitivity and improved reproducibility in the assays employing them.


Radiophosphorous (P32) treatment in carcinoma of the breast and prostate: report of 39 cases.


Variability of the shape and argentaffinity of the granules in the enteroendocrine cells of the mouse duodenum.


Robust metal complexes, ferrocenylmethyl carboxyhydrazide and 1-chloromercuriferrocene, as electron-opaque stains for aldehydes and thiol groups.


Nucleoside diphosphatase in the onion root tip. I. Effects of fixation and lead on enzyme activity.


Procion yellow M-4RS binding to neuronal membranes.


Immunofluorescence counterstains.

Immunofluorescence counterstains.


Quantitative microfluorimetric studies on formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the pineal gland of the rat.


Effects of two chelating agents, oxine and diethyldithiocarbamate (Antabuse), on stainability and motility of human sperms.


The histochemical interpretation of the complex results of methylation upon gastrointestinal tract mucins, with special reference to the periodic acid-Schiff reactivity.


Letter: Mechanism of tissue component staining by osmium tetroxide.


Cultivation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts on dental implant materials and enzymatically debrided teeth.


Letter: Detection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the guinea pig median eminence with an immunohistoenzymatic technique.


The ultrastructural localization of cytochrome c-oxidase complex in a lipid-retaining, glutaraldehyde-urea embedment.


Letter: Positive identification of intracellular biogenic amine reaction product with electron microscopic x-ray analysis.


Ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium in the new born cat--some characteristics of the intercellular junctions.


Letter: Diaminobenzidine activity in the platelet dense body.


Changes in the lytic spectrum and antigenic properties of mycobacteriophages after passages on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.


Cold staining methods for mycobacteria.

Cold staining methods for mycobacteria.


Cellular events in tolerance. III. Carrier tolerance as a model for T cell unresponsiveness.


Transplantation of a Marek's disease lymphoma in syngeneic chickens.


Further studies on the immunologic relationships among measles, distemper, and rinderpest viruses.


Dissociation of T cell helper function and delayed hypersensitivity.


Receptors for antigen on lymphoid cells. I. Immunoadsorption of plaque-forming cells to poly-L-lysine-fixed antigen monolayers.


Peyer's patch lymphocytes: demonstration of the integrity of afferent and efferent T-cell functions in the guinea pig and rat.


The plaque cytogram assay. I. Light and scanning electron microscopy of immunocompetent cells.


The antibody response to myelin basic protein in Lewis and Fischer rats as followed by a sodium sulfate method of radioimmunoassay.


Adjuvanticity of synthetic polynucleotides for induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs.


The antibody response to myelin basic protein (BP) in Lewis rats: the effect of time, dosage of BP, and dosage of Mycobacterium butyricum.


The effect of measles virus infection on T and B lymphocytes in the mouse. I. Suppression of helper cell activity.


Surface antigens of differentiated muscle cells in monolayer demonstrated by immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity.


In vivo and in vitro production of a slow reacting substance in the rat upon treatment with calcium ionophores.


Preparation of monospecific antiserum to human LMW kininogen using immunoadsorbents.


Rabbit C1q: purification, functional and structural studies.


A method for estimation of the relative antigenic potencies of preparations containing common new antigens derived from a precursor protein (beta-lactoglobulin).


Rosette formation by lymphoid cells of mice immunized to HSA using SRBC sensitized with an HSA--anti-SRBC conjugate.


Isoelectric focusing of antibodies in polyacrylamide gels.


The reaction of partial identity in quantitative immunoelectrophoretic patterns.


Molecular heterogeneity effects of IgM immunoglobulins in radial immunodiffusion.


Examination of FITC preparations. I. Measurements of the dye content of fluorescein isothiocyanate preparations.


Characterization of FITC-labelled F(ab')2 fragments of IgG and a rapid technique for the separation of optimally labelled fragments.


A method for the separate detection of two labelled antigens in lymphoid tissues, using two different radioisotopes and a double autoradiographic stripping technique.


Ascaris sensitivity in the dog. I. Isolation and characterization of an antigen.


Alpha-fetoprotein quantitation by radioelectrocomplexing.


A fluorescent stain for viable rosette-forming cells.


Combined immunofluorescent staining for the simultaneous detection of anti-DNP antibody and immunoglobulin class in the same cell.


Chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclears in vitro. II. Technical study.


Glycosaminoglycans. A biochemical and clinical review.


Antigenically distinct populations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: isolation and characterization of the responsible determinants.


Independent synthesis of light and heavy chains: quantitation of light-chain production by mouse myeloma variants. The rates of immunoglobulin synthesis have been examined in two MFC-11 cell lines which were independently adapted to tissue culture and in light-chain-producing variants derived from each of them. One cell line synthesized 2.5 pg immunoglobulin/cell/h, while the other synthesized 3.6 pg immunoglobulin/cell/h. The ratio of heavy and light chains in the two cell lines was approximately the same, and the size of the intracellular pool of immunoglobulin was proportioned to the rate of synthesis. Variants which had spontaneously lost the ability to produce heavy chains continued to synthesize light chains at approximately the same rate as their parent cell line.


Serological distinction of mutants B6.CH(zl) and B6.M505 from strain C57BL-6. A quantitative serological difference was found between strains Hz1 and M505 carrying mutant H-2 haplotypes ba and bd, respectively, and the original strain B6(H-2(b)). The finding suggests that the mutations occurred in the H-2K(b) gene, and together with data on MLR and CML challenges the current concept of H-2 regions' involvement in immune reactions.


Binding of soluble immune complexes to human lymphoblastoid cells. I. Characterization of receptors for IgG Fc and complement and description of the binding mechanism. In the present work we studied the expression of membrane-bound Ig (MBIg) as well as receptors for IgG Fc and complement on nine human lymphoblastoid cell lines. When MBIg and receptors for IgG Fc were compared, four categories of cell lines could be distinguished: (a) cell lines having both MBIg and receptors for IgG Fc, (b) cell lines having MBIg but lacking receptors for IgG Fc, (c) cell lines lacking MBIg but having receptors for IgG Fc, and (d) cell lines lacking both MBIg and receptors for IgG Fc. Two types of receptors for complement could be detected on the cell lines studied, one for C3-C3b and one for C3d. When sensitized red cells carrying C3b or C3d were used for rosette tests, three categories of cell lines could be distinguished: (a) cell lines having receptors for C3b and C3d, (b) cell lines having receptors only for C3d and (c) cell lines lacking both receptors. However, when a more sensitive immunofluorescent method was used instead of the rosette technique, it was found that cell lines unable to form rosettes with EAC1423b(hu) were able to bind soluble C3 or C3b which indicated the presence of these receptors on the cell surface. Inhibition experiments showed that receptors for C3-C3b and receptors for C3d are distinct and that receptors for C3-C3b and C3d are different from receptors for IgG Fc. A cell line (Raji) without MBIg but with receptors for IgG Fc, C3-C3b, and C3d was selected for use in studying the binding mechanism of soluble immune complexes to cell surface membrane. Aggregated human gamma globulin was used in place of immune complexes. Immune complexes containing complement bind to Raji cells only via receptors for complement, namely receptors for C3-C3b and C3d. Binding of immune complexes containing complement to cells is much greater than that of complexes without complement. Immune complexes bound to cells via receptors for complement can be partially released from the cell surface by addition of normal human serum as well as isolated human C3 or C3b. We postulate that such release is due to competition of immune complex bound C3b and free C3 or C3b for the receptors on Raji cells.


Membrane immunoglobulins of B lymphocytes: inability to detect certain characteristic IgM and IgD antigens. Hemagglutination and fluorescent antibody studies have provided strong evidence for the unavailability or absence of specific antigenic sites on membrane-bound IgM which are present in serum and intracellular IgM. Antisera specific for different parts of the molecule indicated that a portion but not all of the Fc was involved. Absorption experiments with normal and leukemic viable B lymphocytes failed to remove a population of Fc antibodies found in IgM-specific antisera. Similar findings were made for IgD, the other major membrane immunoglobulin of human peripheral blood B cells. Various interpretations of these observations are discussed. The most likely possibility appears that the C-terminal portion of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulin molecule is buried in the membrane.


Isolation of antigen-binding cells from unprimed mice: demonstration of antibody-forming cell precursor activity and correlation between precursor and secreted antibody avidities. Cells binding DNP groups conjugated to fluoresceinated mouse gamma globulin ((F)DNP-MGG) were isolated from spleens of unprimed mice using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The isolated cells were specifically enriched at least 100-fold for anti-DNP precursor activity in an adoptive transfer assay as compared to unfractionated spleen. The fraction depleted of binding cells, although depleted of anti-DNP precursor activity, responded as well as unfractionated spleen when assayed for anticarrier (keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH]) precursor activity. High avidity binding cells were stained using low concentrations of (F)DNP-MGG. Medium and low avidity binding cells were stained using high concentrations of (F)DNP-MGG in the presence of free hapten which selectively blocked staining of the high avidity binding cells. Cells were supplemented with an excess of carrier-primed (KLH), nylon-purified splenic T cells and transferred to irradiated recipients. DNP-KLH was given at transfer and 5 days later. The anti-DNP plaque-forming cell (DNP-PFC) response and the avidities of the DNP-PFC in the irradiated recipients were measured by hapten inhibition of direct PFC plaque formation 12 days after transfer. At this time, very few indirect PFC were found. There was a positive correlation between the avidity of the DNP-binding cells and the avidity of the anti-DNP antibody secreted by their progeny. High avidity DNP-binding cells gave rise to predominantly high avidity anti-DNP-PFC. Medium and low avidity binding cells gave rise to medium and low avidity DNP-PFC.


Experimental studies on the bridging hypothesis of anaphylaxis: haptenic determinants required to elicit immediate-type reactions in calf skin by separate or concurrent sensitization with reagins of different specificity. The present study has established, that cows suitably immunized with either DNP-edestin (DNP-Ed), di-DNP-gramicidin-J [(DNP)(2)-Gram], respectively, or p-azobenzenearsonate-Ed (ABA-Ed) synthesized and secreted reaginic antibodies (IgE) into colostrum. Whereas ABA-Ed failed to elicit more than a low response, there was however a persistent and increased antibody synthesis between 10 and 56 days after priming with DNP-Ed. Bivalent and multivalent DNP haptens differing in molecular size, degree of substitution, and rigidity were compared for their effectiveness in eliciting Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) reactions in either newborn colostrum-deprived calves or in those 4 wk of age. The sensitization with reaginic anti-DNP antibody has been accomplished either by feeding colostrum of the immunized dam or by intradermal injection of reaginic serum or colostral whey. It could be demonstrated that equimolar doses of the bivalent alpha,N-(epsilon,N-DNP-aminocaproyl-)-epsilon,N-DNP-L-lysine and the multivalent dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin were equally effective in eliciting reactions in skin sites provided that a high affinity antibody was used for sensitization. By contrast, the comparatively rigid, bivalent hapten, (DNP)(2)-Gram consistently failed to induce comparable reactions. Furthermore, it was clearly shown that optimal distances of determinant groups on the haptenic molecule are a prerequisite for positive P-K reactions, since alpha,epsilon,N-bis-DNP-lysine failed to induce comparable reactions. Concurrent sensitization of skin sites with reaginic anti-DNP and anti-ABA antibodies provides the final proof that cross-linking of two adjacent reaginic molecules on the mast cell surface by a bivalent hapten is required for effective elicitation of immediate-type reactions. This has been accomplished by utilizing the bivalent epsilon,N-DNP-alpha,N-[(4-hydroxy-3-azobenzenearsonic acid)-phenacetyl]-L-lysine (DNP-ABA) carrying noncross-reactive haptenic groups, which was consistently effective in eliciting P-K reactions in doubly but never in singly sensitized skin sites. It is apparent from the results that equimolar doses of monovalent haptens could completely inhibit the response to DNP-ABA. The present studies finally establish that mast cells of newborn colostrum-deprived calves lack IgE molecules on their surface. Thus, mast cells of newborn calves may be unique, to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in immediate-type reactions more precisely.


Inheritance of antibody specificity. I. Anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl of the mouse primary response. Our data suggest that fine specificity of antihapten antibodies is a useful Mendelian marker of variable (V) genes. We found that some mouse strains (e.g., C57/BL6) consistently produced heteroclitic anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies (relative affinity for related (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl and (4-hydroxy-3.5-dinitrophenyl)acetyl was always >2) while other strains (e.g., CBA) produced "conventional" anti-NP antibodies (relative affinities were consistently <1). 48 (CBA x C57BL/6)F(1) mice were studied and most of them had heteroclitic anti-NP antibodies. They were backcrossed to the recessive CBA parent, and 87 backcross animals were similarly tested. Those heterozygous for the C57BL/6 heavy (H)-chain allotype were similar to the C57BL/6 and the F(1) mice while mice homozygous for the CBA allotype were indistinguishable from the CBA. Such monogenic inheritance was observed only in the primary response. Predominance of allotype-linked genes in the control of the fine specificity characteristics was confirmed by immunizing selected homozygous mouse strains. These mice contained various mixtures of genes from C57BL, BALB/c, and other strains. Specificity of their anti-NP was exclusively determined by genes linked to the H-chain allotype, no influence could be attributed to other genes including the H-2-linked genes.


Restriction of gene expression in B lymphocytes and their progeny. III. Endogenous IgA and IgM on the membranes of different plasma cell precursors. Fluorescent antibody staining with antibodies to the f and g locus allotype markers present on rabbit alpha-chains revealed that the alpha-chain is the heavy chain on the Peyer's patch lymphocytes which previously had been shown to be the precursors of IgA-producing plasma cells. In addition, lymphocytes which had been stripped of membrane Ig with pronase and then cultured overnight to allow the sole expression of endogenous membrane Ig were found to have either the micro-chain or the alpha-chain on their membranes, but not both. These results suggest that most lymphocytes are restricted to the synthesis of one class of heavy chains at a time and that the commitment to synthesizing that particular heavy chain is maintained during the differentiation of lymphocytes into plasma cells. The proportion of lymphocytes with membrane alpha-chains is higher in the Peyer's patch and appendix, two gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), than in other lymphoid tissues. Since the GALT are enriched sources of precursors for IgA-producing plasma cells compared to nongut-associated tissues, the presence of cells bearing membrane alpha-chains correlates well with the relative abilities of these tissues to generate IgA plasma cells.


Genetic control of cell-mediated lympholysis in mouse. H-2 congenic mouse strains were tested in vitro to investigate the genetic control of cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Combinations were selected such that differences in various segments of H-2 could be examined for their ability to stimulate production of effector cells and to serve as targets for lysis. Particular emphasis was directed towards understanding the roles of LD and SD. SD-region differences are important in the sensitization of effector cells and they also function as strong targets for lysis, or as markers for the CML targets. LD differences are also important for sensitization of cytotoxic effector cells, but they serve only as very weak targets for lysis. Collaboration occurs between LD and SD in generation of CML. The nature of this interaction can be of two types: together LD and SD can produce CML which neither difference alone can stimulate; LD can enhance a CML response stimulated by SD-region differences alone.


Antibody responses to antigenic determinants of influenza virus hemagglutinin. I. Thymus dependence of antibody formation and thymus independence of immunological memory. Using immunodiffusion methods it has been shown that purified hemagglutinin (HA) extracted from two related strains of influenza A viruses (A/PR8/34 and A/FM1/47) have two distinct antigenic determinants, or groups of determinants. One determinant is cross-reactive while the other is strain-specific. Antisera raised in normal mice against HA were shown to contain two populations of antibody molecules, each directed against one of the determinants. Immunization of thymus-deprived (TXBM) mice showed a strong thymus dependence of antibody formation to HA. However, the thymus dependence of antibody formation against the cross-reactive determinant could be overcome by repeated inoculations of HA in TXBM mice, indicating a different handling of two portions of the same molecule by the immunological system. Strong, secondary-type responses to the strain-specific determinant were observed in primed thymus-deprived mice after reconstitution with virgin thymus cells, showing that specific immunological memory was elicited by this determinant despite the absence of detectable antibody secretion. These findings are interpreted as examples of immunological recognition and memory mediated by B lymphocytes and discussed in terms of mechanisms of T and B lymphocyte co-operation. It is suggested that the helper effect of T lymphocytes is exerted at a late stage in the differentiation of specific populations of B cells into antibody-secreting cells.


Protective and cellular immune responses to idiotypic determinants on cells from a spontaneous lymphoma of NZB-NZW F1 mice. A spontaneous lymphoma (141) producing monoclonal IgM is established in NZB/NZW F(1) (B/W) mice who spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease. Idiotypic determinants of 141 IgM are present on the lymphoma cell surface as shown by indirect immunofluorescence and specific cytotoxicity with rabbit anti-idiotypic antiserum. Fluorescence and cytotoxicity are inhibited by 141 IgM but not by 104E IgM, a monoclonal IgM produced by a BALB/c plasmacytoma. Immunization of B/W mice with 141 IgM before transplantation of lymphoma 141 confers protective immunity. No such protection occurs after immunization with 104E IgM or other unrelated proteins. Protected mice contain spleen cells cytotoxic for 141 lymphoma cells. This cytotoxicity is blocked by incubation of spleen cells with 141 IgM but not with 104E IgM. Moreover, splenic lymphocytes from protected mice are stimulated to synthesize DNA by 141 IgM but not by 104E IgM. These results suggest that specific cellular immune responses to idiotypic determinants may participate in the observed protection against challenge with the corresponding B-cell tumor.


Antibody responses to antigenic determinants of influenza virus hemagglutinin. II. Original antigenic sin: a bone marrow-derived lymphocyte memory phenomenon modulated by thymus-derived lymphocytes. Mice immunized sequentially with two related influenza virus hemagglutinins (HA) produced a secondary antibody response with two different specificities. Some antibodies were specific for determinants common to both HA's. Paradoxically, some antibodies were directed to determinants existing only in the HA first encountered. Primed spleen cells treated with anti-theta serum and complement were transferred from animals immunized with the first HA to either normal, irradiated, or thymus-deprived recipients. These memory cells were boosted in the recipients with either the homologous or the heterologous cross-reacting HA. B-memory lymphocytes were shown to be directly triggered by both HA's and to be able to secrete, independently of T lymphocytes, antibodies to both kinds of determinants. However, T cells were shown to modulate this secondary response by either enhancing or suppressing antibody secretion by B-memory cells, depending on experimental conditions. These results are discussed in terms of antigen recognition by B cells and of kinetics of development of immunological memory.


Genetic control of the antibody response to poly-L(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys in C3H--CWB tetraparental mice. In order to further delineate the mechanisms underlying genetic unresponsiveness, tetraparental mice were constructed from immune response-1A gene high responder and low responder parental genotypes, then were immunized with poly-L-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys ((T,G)-A--L). An analysis of the total serum allotype mixture and of the antigen-binding capacity of the separated allotypes demonstrated that in the milieu of a tetraparental mouse, both high and low responder B cells could be stimulated equally to produce identical high titered anti-(T,G)-A--L responses. Furthermore, these studies show that effective stimulation could occur across a histocompatibility disparity.


Activation of T and B lymphocytes in vitro. III. Presence of Ia determinants on allogeneic effect factor. Observations from our own laboratories, as well as those of others, have demonstrated the critical role of histocompatibility gene products in governing the cell-cell interactions concerned with development and regulation of immune responses in several species (8-12). In mice, the relevant genes concerned have been shown to be located in the K end of the H-2 complex, i.e. in the K and/or I See PDF for Structure regions (13, 14). These discoveries have placed histocompatibility gene products on a more complex level of biologic function than was heretofore generally considered (15). Thus, the hypothesis was made from these observations that genes in the H-2 complex coded for products involved in the development of effective cell-cell interactions in the immune response (8, 9, 15). The recent identification of cell surface macromolecules on lymphocytes and macrophages, that may be distinct from immune response gene products but are likewise coded for by genes in the I region, has provided a group of suitable candidate molecules for such a role (2). In our initial studies on the biological and biochemical characteristics of AEF, we were impressed by the apparent preferential activity of the highly purified AEF preparations on B lymphocytes syngeneic to the activated T-cell population from which the AEF was obtained (1). Since a prediction of the aforementioned hypothesis is, of course, that the active molecules involved in regulatory immunocompetent cell interactions are gene products of the H-2 complex, and, accordingly, should be reactive with antisera directed against components of this complex, we were prompted to perform the appropriate analyses on our preparation of AEF. The experiments presented here demonstrate that the enhancing activity of AEF obtained from T cells of the H-2(d) haplotype can be specifically removed by immunoadsorbents prepared from antisera reactive with la molecules of the H-2(d) allele. Identical results were obtained in experiments with both direct and indirect absorption procedures. The possibility that the reaction of AEF with the B10.A anti-B10 (anti-Ia.8) antiserum resulted in release of some components that were in turn toxic to the cultured cells, has been made unlikely in these studies by the use of a direct adsorption method utilizing an immunoadsorbent prepared from thoroughly washed glutaraldehyde-linked antibodies. The results obtained with the (B6A)F(1) anti-B10.D2 antiserum deserve some comment. This antiserum contains antibodies directed predominantly against the H-2K region specificity, H-2.31, but may also be reactive with recently determined Ia(d) specificities (5). The capacity of this antiserum to directly absorb approximately 45% of the AEF activity at the lowest concentration of AEF employed (Fig. 1) could be interpreted to indicate the reactivity of AEF with anti-H-2K antibodies. However, the data presented here are also consistent with the interpretation that partial adsorption by the direct immunoadsorbent and lack of adsorption by the indirect method (in which only a high concentration of AEF was incubated with the alloantisera) reflect reactivity of AEF with anti-Ia(d) antibodies present in this antiserum. We conclude, therefore, that the biologically active enhancing moieties of AEF bear Ia determinants and therefore are most probably gene products of the I region of the H-2 gene complex. Recent data from other investigators have shown that an antigen-specific T-cell product could be specifically adsorbed by immunoadsorbents prepared from antisera directed against the K end of H-2 (16). Since the latter antisera may contain antibodies reactive with specificities of both K and I regions, it is possible that the use of selective anti-Ia sera may yield results consistent with those presented here. Taken collectively, these observations indicate that I-region gene products may be intimately involved in the mechanism of cell-cell interactions and responsible for the regulation of immune responses.


Immunochemical studies on mannans of the genera Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces.


An electron-microscopic examination of certain bovine mycoplasmas stained with ruthenium red and the demonstration of a capsule on Mycoplasma dispar.


Influence of stress on the amount of "Gomori-positive" granules in the outer layer of the median eminence of bilaterally adrenalectomized rats.


Oncorna-viral information in human glioblastoma.


Molecular weight estimation of mouse and guinea-pig myelin basic proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate: influence of ionic strength.


Effect of actinomycin-D on labelled material in the retina and optic tectum of goldfish after intraocular injection of tritiated RNA precursors.


Isoelectric focusing of CSF proteins in neurological diseases.


Changes in cathepsins B-1 and D, neutral proteinase and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase activities in monkey brain with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.


Acoustic nerve tumors: diagnosis, surgical management and nursing care.


Presidential address: Sixth annual meeting of the American Association of Neurosurgical Nurses.


What are we doing? Where are we going?

What are we doing? Where are we going?


Neurosurgical nursing.

Neurosurgical nursing.


Elastic tissue in chondrosarcomas.

Elastic tissue in chondrosarcomas.


Comparison of uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 57Co-bleomycin in tumor using a semiconductor detector.


Effects of aldosterone antagonists on organ cultures of human prostatic tissue.


Differentiation of pre- and postacetabular glands of schistosome cercariae using apomorphine as a stain.


Supragingival and subgingival plaque and calculus formation in humans.


The R.N. problem: returning to active practice.


Macromolecular components of the luminal fluid from the bovine uterus.


The effect of mestranol and lynoestrenol on ovarian histamine in the rat.


Separation of human serum components capable of inducing the acrosome reaction in hamster spermatozoa.


Light and electron microscope studies on lipid stained by malachite green in the male reproductive tract of the rabbit, hamster and mongoose.


Cystic fibrosis: current concepts.

Cystic fibrosis: current concepts.


Another human chimaera.

Another human chimaera.


Inherited partial duplication of chromosome No. 15.


Partial trisomy 12 in a mentally retarded boy and translocation (12;21) in his mother.


An unusual chromosomal segregation in a family with a translocation between chromosomes 3 and 12.


48,XXX, plus 18 double trisomy.

48,XXX, plus 18 double trisomy.


The interpretation of freeze-etch replicas from plant cell walls.


A simple method of preparing 1-2 microm sections of large tissue blocks using glycol methacrylate.


Electron microscopy of the stacked disk aggregate of tobacco mosaic virus protein. II. The influence of electron irradiation of the stain distribution.


Nuclear glutamate dehydrogenase: unique antigenic determinants and determinants common to the mitochondrial enzyme.


Studies on the control of nucleolar number in mammalian cells: effects of thyroid hormones, sex and strain specificity in mouse hepatocytes.


An ultrahistochemical study on glycogen in cow Purkinje fibres.


Purkinje-myocardial conduction delay: an alternative explanation.


Immunodiffusion studies of canine lymphosarcoma antigens.


Macrophages in solid tumors. I. Immunologically specific effector cells.


Application of an automated particle analysis system to the quantitation of virus particles.


Specificity of 51Cr-release cytotoxicity of lymphocytes immune to murine sarcoma virus.


HL-A expression on the G1, S, and G2 cell-cycle stages of human lymphoid cells.


Histologic changes in livers of pyridoxine-deprived baboons--relation to alpha1 fetoprotein and liver cancer in Africa.


Immunoelectronmicroscopic analysis of surface antigens common to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and tumor cells.


Antigenicity of murine skin tumors induced by ultraviolet light.


Shared antigens between Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and neoplastic cells.


The fine structure of Purkinje fiber glycogen. A comparative study of negatively stained and cytochemically stained particles.


Alterations in membrane structure and function associated with neoplastic transformation in vitro.


Membrane organization in mouse spermatozoa revealed by freeze-etching.


Uncommon paracrystalline structures formed in the endoplasmic reticulum of the integumentary cells of Diplotaxis erucoides ovules.


Ultrastructure of some pelecypod adductor muscles.


Close-to-life preservation of Staphylococcus aureus mesosomes for transmission electron microscopy.


Efferent neurites to capsular muscles in the eye of a snail, Helix aspersa.


Expression of the major internal viral polypeptide in cells transformed by wild-type and temperature-sensitive murine sarcoma virus. Phenotypic expression of the murine intraspecies and interspecies antigenic determinants of the major type C viral structural 30,000-dalton polypeptide, p30, was measured by radioimmunoassay inhibition in cell lines from different species. Uninfected normal rat kidney (NRK) cells did not contain detectable levels of murine intraspecies and interspecies p30 antigen, whereas rat cells transformed by and producing murine sarcoma virus (MSV)-Moloney leukemia virus (M-MSV-MuLV) contained high levels of both murine intraspecies and interspecies p30 antigen. Significant amounts of murine intraspecies and interspecies p30 antigen were detected in wild-type MSV-transformed nonproducer NRK cells. The control of p30 antigen expression was examined in temperature-sensitive MSV-transformed nonproducer cells [NRK(MSV-1b)] which are cold sensitive for maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Both murine intraspecies and interspecies p30 antigens were detected in NRK(MSV-1b) cells when grown at the permissive (39 C) or nonpermissive (33 C) temperature, suggesting that p30 antigen expression is not correlated with maintenance of the transformed phenotype. The results demonstrate that previously undetectable p30 antigens are expressed in MSV-transformed nonproducer NRK cells, and suggest that the expression of p30 antigen may be a useful marker for viral gene expression in mammalian cells.


Sarcoma and helper-specific RNA tumor virus subunits in transformed nonproducer mouse cells activated to produce virus by treatment with bromodeoxyuridine. A tumor line (58-2T) was established from a slowly growing tumor in a BALB/c mouse inoculated with M58-2 cells. The latter clonal cell line was isolated after bromodeoxyuridine treatment as a flat variant from nonproducer BALB/3T3 cells transformed by the Kirsten sarcoma virus. The 58-2T cells produced type C virus with two discrete virus-specific RNA species. One of the species, which was probably an endogenous virus RNA subunit, had a sedimentation coefficient of 35S as the largest major subunit, and had sequences similar to Rauscher leukemia virus RNA based on nucleic acid hybridization. The other RNA species had 30S as the largest major subunit and corresponded to Kirsten sarcoma virus-specific RNA. These two RNA species formed heterogeneous, 60 to 70S, high-molecular-weight RNA in virions.DNA transcripts (58-2T DNA) from the activated virus contained base sequences complementary to Rauscher leukemia virus and Kirsten sarcoma virus. The Kirsten sarcoma virus-specific DNA sequences (58-2TS) were purified from 58-2T DNA by eliminating RLV-specific sequences.


Biological expression of antigenic determinants of murine leukemia virus proteins gp69-71 and p30. Antisera to purified structural proteins of Rauscher murine leukemia virus, the major envelope glycoprotein, gp69/71, and the major internal protein, p30, were studied by immunofluorescence of viable and fixed virus-infected cells and by virus neutralization. Group-specific and type-specific determinants of gp69/71 were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and virus neutralization tests, indicating that these determinants are located in the cytoplasm and probably on the cell surface as well as on virus envelope. Antisera against p30 showed anti-group and anti-interspecies activities by immunofluorescence with no virus-neutralizing activity. Both antigenic determinants of gp69/71 were sensitive to guanidine-hydrochloride and to a lesser degree to ether treatment, whereas the group-specific determinants of p30 were relatively stable to these treatments.


Structural proteins of mammalian oncogenic RNA viruses: immunological characterization of the p15 polypeptide of Rauscher murine virus. The immunological properties of the purified 15,000-dalton protein of Rauscher murine type-C virus were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The majority of the antigenic determinants of this protein were found to be remarkably specific to Rauscher and Friend virus and to a lesser extent to Moloney virus. Determinants reactive with other murine viruses (group-specific) or type-C viruses of other species (interspecies) were also demonstrated but were minor components of the total antigenic specificities of the protein. The results provide evidence that the antigenic properties of this protein specify the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher subgroup of type-C viruses.


Mapping of antibiotic resistance markers in Mycobacterium smegmatis.


Development of resistance to and dependence on streptomycin in Mycoplasma pneumoniae in vitro.


Electron microscopic observations of lipid antigens with special reference to the Wassermann antigen.


In vitro synthesis of reovirus genomic segments.


Hepatic artery ligation for metastastic leiomyosarcoma of the liver.


DNA synthesis in peripheral blood leucocytes following renal transplantation.


Neurosecretion and sodium excretion.

Neurosecretion and sodium excretion.


[Method of controlled conjuation of fluorescein isothiocyanate with anti-influenza horse gamma globulin].


Platelet and leukocyte aggregation associated with antigenic leukocyte histamine release.


Fine structural localization of endogenous peroxidase activity in inner medullary interstitial cells of the rat kidney.


Mast cells in the rat alveolar septa undergoing fibrosis after ionizing irradiation. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies.


Carcinoma of the thyroid gland: current therapy.


The PVC, Part II: Treatment.

The PVC, Part II: Treatment.


Cell recognition based on natural morphological nuclear markers.


Possible relation of gastrin and histamine receptors in gastric hydrochloric acid secretion.


Sim One: a computer-controlled patient simulator.


Teaching interpersonal relations for the practice of medicine.


Intensive immunosuppression in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.


Results of administering B.C.G. to patients with melanoma.


Controlled clinical trial of four short-course (6-month) regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.


Inhibition of gastrin and gastric-acid secretion by growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone.


Prenatal diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum. Report of the first successful case.


Renal papillae and intrarenal reflux in the pig.


Inter-laboratory variation in measurement of blood-lead levels.


Plasma uptake of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine and plasma-catecholamine levels in patients with Huntington's chorea.


Lupus erythematosus: a disease of D.N.A. discard?


Editorial: Treatment of malignant melanoma.


Editorial: V.U.R. plus I.R.R. equals C.P.N.?


Editorial: Private beds.

Editorial: Private beds.


Editorial: Pathologists in training.

Editorial: Pathologists in training.


Editorial: Dopamine and G.A.B.A. in Huntington's chorea.


Editorial: Slow-K, quick quick, slow.

Editorial: Slow-K, quick quick, slow.


Editorial: Costs and benefits.

Editorial: Costs and benefits.


Diseases of the lung.

Diseases of the lung.


Measurement of pain.

Measurement of pain.


Effect of clothing on dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus by males and females.


Clothing design for operating-room personnel.


Letter: The nurses' reward.

Letter: The nurses' reward.


Letter: The pill off prescription?

Letter: The pill off prescription?


Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination.

Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination.


Letter: Oral contraceptives and health: thromboembolic disease.


Letter: Plasma-gastrin and acid secretion in peptic ulceration.


Letter: Side-effects of minocycline hydrochloride.


Letter: Disinfection of respirators.

Letter: Disinfection of respirators.


Letter: Epidemiology of Crohn's disease.


Letter: Penicillamine and zinc.

Letter: Penicillamine and zinc.


Letter: Serum-transaminase levels and salicylates.


Letter: Screening for spina bifida.

Letter: Screening for spina bifida.


Letter: Human placental lactogen and fetal abnormality.


Letter: Influenza and ventricular septal defect.


Letter: Predicting response of human cancer to chemotherapy.


Letter: Gluten-free diet.

Letter: Gluten-free diet.


Letter: Post-hysterectomy syndrome.

Letter: Post-hysterectomy syndrome.


Letter: Low-dose heparin.

Letter: Low-dose heparin.


Letter: Decreased sensitivity to oral anticoagulant therapy after attacks of migraine.


Letter: Malfunction of the Cardiff pump.


Letter: Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and oxytocin.


Letter: Biochemical lesion in pernicious anaemia.


Letter: Mortality and anaemia in women.

Letter: Mortality and anaemia in women.


Letter: Polyethylene glycol forming a proteolytic band on agar-gel electrophoresis.


Letter: Geriatric medicine.

Letter: Geriatric medicine.


Letter: Comparison of T.R.H., L.H.-R.H., and placebo in depression.


Letter: Cot deaths.

Letter: Cot deaths.


Letter: Self-poisoning.

Letter: Self-poisoning.


Letter: Sodium homoeostasis in preterm infants.


Letter: Food antibodies and myocardial infarction.


Letter: Monoamine oxidase and migraine.

Letter: Monoamine oxidase and migraine.


Letter: Relevance of the relevant in teaching.


Letter: Deafness and paranoia.

Letter: Deafness and paranoia.


Letter: Chronic renal failure and major surgery.


Letter: Recovery after minor head injury.


Letter: Intestinal biopsy in lysosomal storage disease.


Letter: Illustrating cretinism.

Letter: Illustrating cretinism.


Letter: Multiple sclerosis: absence of fever blisters.


Letter: Peak-flow meter and peak-flow gauge.


Letter: Calcium balance in pregnancy.

Letter: Calcium balance in pregnancy.


Letter: Medical computing.

Letter: Medical computing.


Letter: Inadequate mothers.

Letter: Inadequate mothers.


Letter: Vitamin C and schizophrenia.

Letter: Vitamin C and schizophrenia.


Letter: HL-A antigens and diabetes mellitus.


Letter: Prolactin and prostaglandin synthesis.


Obesity, diet, and type-II hyperlipidaemia.


Assessment of the Apgar score.

Assessment of the Apgar score.


Left-ventricular endomyocardial biopsy.

Left-ventricular endomyocardial biopsy.


Sinus histiocytosis in British and Japanese patients with breast cancer.


B-cell neoplasia in man.

B-cell neoplasia in man.


The neuropathic urethra.

The neuropathic urethra.


Editorial: The consultants' contract.

Editorial: The consultants' contract.


Editorial: The pineal.

Editorial: The pineal.


Editorial: Genetics of schizophrenia.

Editorial: Genetics of schizophrenia.


Editorial: Hot spots or hot lungs?

Editorial: Hot spots or hot lungs?


Editorial: Eking out.

Editorial: Eking out.


Editorial: Spectinomycin for gonorrhoea.


Substantial or decorative? Physicians' assistants and nurse practitioners in the United States.


Psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric disorders.


Your money or your life?

Your money or your life?


Nitroblue-tetrazolium tests.

Nitroblue-tetrazolium tests.


The consultants' contract.

The consultants' contract.


Letter: Research on dietary fibre.

Letter: Research on dietary fibre.


Letter: Urinary reflux and chronic pyelonephritis.


Letter: Computer-assisted tomography of the brain.


Letter: Minocycline: Possible vestibular side-effects.


Letter: Antigenicity of monocomponent insulins.


Letter: Private beds.

Letter: Private beds.


Letter: The nurse's reward--and the doctor's.


Letter: The nurse in the community.

Letter: The nurse in the community.


Letter: Jack becomes master?

Letter: Jack becomes master?


Letter: Epidemiology of Crohn's disease.


Letter: Portacaval shunt in hyperlipidaemia.


Letter: Portacaval shunt in familial hypercholesterolaemia.


Letter: Epsilon-aminocaproic acid.

Letter: Epsilon-aminocaproic acid.


Letter: The vulnerable myocardium.

Letter: The vulnerable myocardium.


Letter: Ischaemic heart-disease and diet.


Letter: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate.


Letter: Effects of hysterectomy.

Letter: Effects of hysterectomy.


Letter: Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer.


Letter: Health services in Chile.

Letter: Health services in Chile.


Letter: Rapid diagnosis of arbovirus infections by counterelectrophoresis.


Letter: Respiratory depression after tranquillisers.


Letter: Frequency of hepatitis-B antigen or antibody in household contacts of HBAg carriers.


Letter: Thallium poisoning.

Letter: Thallium poisoning.


Letter: Oestrogen synthesis by human breast carcinomas.


Letter: What is Burkitt's lymphoma?

Letter: What is Burkitt's lymphoma?


Letter: Boxers' brain damage.

Letter: Boxers' brain damage.


Letter: Cervix cancer: A clarification.

Letter: Cervix cancer: A clarification.


Letter: Nuclear projections and chromosome abnormalities.


Letter: Grey-scale ultrasonography.

Letter: Grey-scale ultrasonography.


Letter: Respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn, Reye's syndrome, and fatty acids.


Letter: Prophylaxis for postoperative venous thrombosis.


Letter: Glaucoma and HL-A antigens.

Letter: Glaucoma and HL-A antigens.


Letter: Haemophilia-B carriers.

Letter: Haemophilia-B carriers.


Letter: Renal activity and renal filtration fraction.


Letter: Drug safety and children.

Letter: Drug safety and children.


Letter: Liver-specific bile canalicular antibodies.


Letter: Mortality and natural fluoride content of drinking-water.


Letter: Mumps vaccine.

Letter: Mumps vaccine.


Islet-cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus with autoimmune polyendocrine deficiencies.


Clinical manifestations of halophilic non-cholera Vibrio infections.


Decreased survival related to irradiation postoperatively in early operable breast cancer.


Live vaccine used to prevent the spread of varicella in children in hospital.


Priapism during regular haemodialysis.

Priapism during regular haemodialysis.


Site of bladder-tumour recurrence.

Site of bladder-tumour recurrence.


Factors affecting the onset of ventricular fibrillation in hypothermia.


Invertebrate model for study of macromolecular regulators of mucus secretion.


Editorial: What becomes of the XYY male?


Editorial: W.H.O. and tuberculosis.

Editorial: W.H.O. and tuberculosis.


Editorial: Spinal stroke.

Editorial: Spinal stroke.


Editorial: A chickenpox vaccine?

Editorial: A chickenpox vaccine?


Editorial: Management in Africa.

Editorial: Management in Africa.


Editorial: A virus in S.L.E.?

Editorial: A virus in S.L.E.?


Editorial: Coma after cardiac arrest.

Editorial: Coma after cardiac arrest.


Cancer screening by cytology.

Cancer screening by cytology.


Laboratory monitoring and screening for cancer.


Surgical self-scrutiny.

Surgical self-scrutiny.


Breast cancer.

Breast cancer.


Major disasters.

Major disasters.


Use of transport-and-culture medium combined with immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea.


Letter: Recovery after minor head injury.


Letter: SI units.

Letter: SI units.


Letter: The pill off prescription?

Letter: The pill off prescription?


Letter: Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer.


Letter: Premenstrual tension.

Letter: Premenstrual tension.


Letter: Viruses in water.

Letter: Viruses in water.


Letter: Assisted entry to medical schools for health workers.


Letter: Epsilon-aminocaproic acid and subarachnoid haemorrhage.


Letter: Low-dose heparin and stress ulceration.


Letter: Natural history of hypertension.


Letter: Beta-galactosidase deficiency in young adults.


Letter: Doctors and social workers.

Letter: Doctors and social workers.


Letter: Computers or nurses?

Letter: Computers or nurses?


Letter: Hyposplenism in ulcerative colitis.


Letter: Polyethylene glycol on agar-gel electrophoresis.


Letter: Heat production in brain of newborn.


Letter: Inadequate mothers.

Letter: Inadequate mothers.


Letter: N.B.T. test and endotoxaemia.

Letter: N.B.T. test and endotoxaemia.


Letter: Varicose veins in tropical Africa.


Letter: Lithium in Huntington's chorea.

Letter: Lithium in Huntington's chorea.


Letter: Buronil in Huntington's chorea.

Letter: Buronil in Huntington's chorea.


Letter: Screening for diseases of the lung.


Letter: Colonic diverticula and dietary fibre.


Letter: Postoperative immunosuppression.


Letter: Relapsing-fever epidemic in the Sudan and Ethiopia.


Letter: Cross-reaction of human serum-proteins with HBsAg.


Letter: Down with parameters.

Letter: Down with parameters.


Letter: Peak-flow meter and peak-flow gauge.


Letter: T-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.


Letter: Unexplained tetanic spasms.

Letter: Unexplained tetanic spasms.


Letter: Rapid recovery from neuropathy after renal transplantation.


Letter: Maturation of children on anticonvulsant therapy.


Letter: Specific test for multiple sclerosis.


Letter: Surface characteristics of Hodgkin's lymphoma cells.


Letter: Enhancement of levodopa-induced growth-hormone stimulation by practolol.


Letter: Anti-inflammatory drugs and tissue copper.


Letter: Cyclic A.M.P., substance P, and morphine analgesia.


Letter: Viral-coded information in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells.


Letter: Prolongation of skin allografts in rats by treatment with linoleic acid.


Letter: Morgagni syndrome and hyperostosis frontalis interna.


Letter: Defect of collagen in growth-hormone disorders?


Letter: Ionising radiation and chromosomal aberrations in malnutrition.


Letter: Acute arthralgia after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone.


Letter: Urinary-tract infections due to atypical Enterobacter cloacae.


Reduction of sudden deaths after myocardial infarction by treatment with alprenolol. Preliminary results.


Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with lithium carbonate.


Monospecific antigranulocyte sera against human neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and myeloblasts.


Combined immunosuppression and anticoagulation in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.


Incidence of diabetes in the first 26 years of life.


Vacuum blood-culture bottles inhibiting growth of Candida and fostering growth of Bacteroides.


Direct evidence for involvement of erythroid cells in acute myeloblastic leukaemia.


IgE and secretory otitis media.

IgE and secretory otitis media.


Editorial: A time to be born.

Editorial: A time to be born.


Pathogenesis of myelopathy in cervical spondylosis.


Editorial: Dangerous fever.

Editorial: Dangerous fever.


Aural temperature of the newborn infant.


Editorial: Serum-gentamicin.

Editorial: Serum-gentamicin.


Editorial: Chromosomes and computers.

Editorial: Chromosomes and computers.


Editorial: Beyond the examining finger.

Editorial: Beyond the examining finger.


Editorial: Viruses in water.

Editorial: Viruses in water.


Editorial: Questions about blood-pressure.


Cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases.


Proposals for assisted entry to medical schools for health workers as mature students.


Acute decompression sickness.

Acute decompression sickness.


Letter: Treatment of hiccup.

Letter: Treatment of hiccup.


Letter: Food and death-rates from diabetes.


Letter: Prevention of some infarcts in the myocardium.


Letter: Reye's syndrome.

Letter: Reye's syndrome.


Letter: Social-work support for the Health Service.


Letter: The nurse in the community.

Letter: The nurse in the community.


Letter: The specialty of infectious disease.


Letter: Deep-vein thrombosis after hip replacement.


Letter: Diet and multiple sclerosis.

Letter: Diet and multiple sclerosis.


Letter: Inhibition of lymphocyte response to stimulants induced by unsaturated fatty acids and prostaglandins in multiple sclerosis.


Letter: Computer-assisted tomography of the brain.


Letter: Cytomegalovirus in non-B post-transfusion hepatitis.


Letter: Legal status of the unborn.

Letter: Legal status of the unborn.


Letter: Virus-like particles in hepatitis A.


Letter: Seasonal variation of histological osteomalacia in femoral-neck fractures.


Letter: Double-blind trial of lithium carbonate and haloperidol in Huntington's chorea.


Letter: Lithium and magnesium-dependent enzymes.


Letter: Tryptophan plus a pyrrolase inhibitor for depression?


Letter: Chromosome analysis of human amniotic-fluid cells.


Letter: Down with parameters.

Letter: Down with parameters.


Letter: Assessment of human renal transplantation.


Letter: Classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.


Letter: Estimation of blood-carboxyhaemoglobin.


Letter: Clinical trials with vitamin C.

Letter: Clinical trials with vitamin C.


Letter: HL-A genotypes and diabetes.

Letter: HL-A genotypes and diabetes.


Letter: Vitamin-C status of institutionalised patients.


Letter: HL-A 27 and rheumatoid arthritis.


Letter: Traumatic encephalopathy in a young boxer.


Letter: Treatment of ascites.

Letter: Treatment of ascites.


Geoffrey Robson Webster.

Geoffrey Robson Webster.


Ernest Muir.

Ernest Muir.


Editorial: Management of advanced carcinoma.


The interaction of uranyl acetate with DNA.


Depsipeptide modification as a method of determining the contribution of intramolecular hydrogen bonds to the conformational stability of peptides (gramicidin S).


The DNA-synthesizing system of isolated mitochondria of unfertilized loach eggs and its artificial activation in vitro by the antibiotic bruneomycin.


Biophysical and biochemical properties of type B oncorna viruses isolated from continuous human cell cultures.


Electron microscope studies of glycogen synthase.


Tissue specificity and autoimmunity.

Tissue specificity and autoimmunity.


Griseofulvin: a potential agent of chromosomal segregation in cultured cells.


Induction of humoral antibody response by soluble polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans.


Editorial: Infectious (?) myasthenia.

Editorial: Infectious (?) myasthenia.


Prevention of chronic neonatal hepatitis B virus infection with antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen.


Thyroid storm and its management.

Thyroid storm and its management.


Editorial: Type B hepatitis--good news and bad.


Specificity of antigen receptors for cytochrome c in delayed hypersensitivity.


RNase inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity in human milk.


Dissociation of increased hexose transport from initiation of fibroblast proliferation.


Preservation of antigenic properties of macromolecules over 70 Myr.


C-type viruses in systemic lupus erythematosus.


Antigenic specificity of retinal pigment epithelium and non-immunological involvement in retinal dystrophy.


Sequence at the 3' end of globin mRNA shows homology with immunoglobulin light chain mRNA.


Giemsa banding of metaphase chromosomes in triatomine bugs.


Transcriptional control of alpha-foetoprotein synthesis in developing mouse liver.


Intellectual functioning of children with tetralogy of Fallot: influence of open-heart surgery and earlier palliative operations.


Tolerance induction with bovine gamma globulin in mouse radiation chimaeras depends on macrophages.


Rat liver histone modifications and their relationship to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities during alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane induced liver proliferation.


Release of prostaglandins, a prostaglandin metabolite, slow-reacting substance and histamine from anaphylactic lungs, and its modification by catecholamines.


How to negotiate the ups and downs, ins and outs of body alignment.


The dos and don'ts of traction care.

The dos and don'ts of traction care.


DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Nursing grand rounds.


After anesthesia.

After anesthesia.


Chest tubes: basic techniques for better care.


Editorial: The rheumatic diseases: progress.


Nailing of femoral neck fractures.

Nailing of femoral neck fractures.


Immune deficiency: evaluation, diagnosis, and therapy.


The clinical course of lupus nephritis: relationship to the renal histologic findings.


Glomerulonephritis with fibrin and crescent formation.


Chronic lupus erythematosus: observations on long-term survivors of "suppressive" therapy of lupus nephritis with prednisolone.


Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament incident to orthodontic tooth movement.


A case study: Meckel's diverticulum.

A case study: Meckel's diverticulum.


Nursing care study: corrective osteotomy of the left tibia.


Symposium: care of the dying; relatives, professional care, and the dying patient.


Prevention of Rh haemolytic disease.

Prevention of Rh haemolytic disease.


The many meanings food has for the aged.


'Prostatism'.

'Prostatism'.


Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia.

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia.


Editorial: The Delaney "anti-cancer" Clause. The Delaney Amendment.


The effects of streptomycin or dihydrostreptomycin binding to 16S RNA or to 30S ribosomal subunits. Evidence is presented suggesting that streptomycin binds to 16S RNA or to 30S ribosomal subunits at the same topographical site located on the RNA chain. The equally bactericidal dihydrostreptomycin binds to the same site as streptomycin but with lower affinity. The effect of drug binding to 16S RNA (measured by reconstitution inhibition) is readily reversible, while that of drug binding to 30S subunits (measured by misreading) persists after removal of the drug. Binding of the drug is not a necessary and sufficient reason for killing.


The length of the terminal repetition in adenovirus-2 DNA. Adenovirus-2 DNA was end-labeled by partial digestion with Escherichia coli exonuclease III and resynthesis with the DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus and alpha-(32)P-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. This end-labeled DNA was cleaved with several specific endonucleases and the terminal fragments were characterized by gel electrophoresis and pyrimidine tract analysis. Two endonucleases gave identical fragments from both ends, presumably from cleavage within the inverted terminal repetition, while all other endonucleases gave dissimilar fragments from the two ends. From the sizes of these fragments it is estimated that the inverted terminal repetition is between 100 and 140 nucleotide pairs long.


The identity of glutathione S-transferase B with ligandin, a major binding protein of liver. Evidence is presented that ligandin, an intracellular protein involved in the binding of such anions as bilirubin, indocyanine green, and penicillin, is identical to glutathione S-transferase B (EC 2.5.1.18), an enzyme catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione with such electrophiles as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, iodomethane, ethacrynic acid, and bromosulfophthalein. The proteins, isolated by distinct methods, have the same specificity for substrates and for ligands, react in identical fashion to antibody produced against ligandin, bear entirely similar physical characteristics and amino acid composition, and are both induced in response to phenobarbital. Indocyanine green, one of the ligands that is not effective as a substrate, was shown to competitively inhibit the conjugation reaction. It is suggested that specificity is directed toward compounds with electrophilic sites.


Enzymatic synthesis of solid phase-bound DNA sequences corresponding to specific mammalian genes. With oligo(dT)-cellulose as primer, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of cellulose-bound DNA that is complementary to mouse globin mRNA. The resulting cellulose-bound or solid phase complementary DNA hybridizes specifically with globin mRNA and permits the recovery of intact globin mRNA. This simple technique for the synthesis of solid phase-bound complementary DNA provides an additional and convenient method for the purification of specific genetic sequences.


Ferritin, a Hodgkin's disease associated antigen. Antigens which exist in high frequency in tumor tissues of patients with Hodgkin's disease have been obtained in relatively concentrated form by gel chromatography procedures. Further purification and analysis of these antigens performed in the present study have demonstrated that the antigen of fast electrophoretic mobility (F-antigen) is normal tissue ferritin. The identification of F-antigen as ferritin has been made on the basis of comparative physicochemical and immunological analyses of purified F-antigen and normal ferritin. Thus, F-antigen was found to contain iron and to be similar to ferritin in molecular weight, amino-acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric distribution, and immunological reactivity. Absorption of a monospecific heterologous anti-F antiserum with normal tissue ferritin completely removed all anti-F antibody activity. Moreover, the absorption of polyspecific heterologous antiserum to crude Hodgkin's extracts, which contains antibodies reacting with F-antigen, the slower migrating S-antigen, and a third specificity present in lysates of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PL-antigen), with ferritin, removed only anti-F activity, thus distinguishing the S- and PL-antigens from ferritin. The existence of ferritin in high quantities in serum of Hodgkin's disease patients may provide a tool of potential diagnostic and prognostic importance in the management of this disease.


Heterogeneity of HL-A antigen preparations is due to variable sialic acid content. Purified, papain-solubilized preparations of HL-A antigen from cultured human lymphoblastoid cells (HL-A2 and HL-A7,12 from RPMI 4265 cells and a mixture of HL-A3, W-25, HL-A12, and HL-A27 from IM-1 cells) show substantial charge heterogeneity in isoelectric focusing gels. This heterogeneity can be ascribed largely to variable numbers of sialic acid residues on each molecule. Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) treatment of the HL-A antigens as a function of time altered the band patterns in a manner demonstrating that up to three sialic acid residues are present on both first locus ("LA") and second locus ("Four") antigens. Neuraminidase treatment did not alter the specificity or specific activity of the purified antigens.


Material isolated from normal and variant human liver that immunologically crossreacts with alpha1-antitrypsin. A material that strongly reacts with antibodies against alpha(1)-antitrypsin, but has little trypsin inhibitory capacity, has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from human liver. The molecular weight of the crossreacting material is about 18,000, which is significantly lower than that of serum alpha(1)-antitrypsin. The material isolated from the liver of a homozygous variant subject (ZZ) with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency is readily distinguished by electrophoresis from the material extracted from a normal (MM) subject. The tissues from a heterozygous variant subject (MZ) contain the two components. The immunologically crossreacting material is presumably synthesized by the gene that codes for alpha(1)-antitrypsin.


Structure of antibodies with shared idiotypy: the complete sequence of the heavy chain variable regions of two immunoglobulin M anti-gamma globulins. The complete amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable regions of two different molecules of immunoglobulin M anti-gamma globulin has been determined. These proteins, from different human patients, had independently been shown to share idiotypic specificity. Only eight sequence differences were discernible for the entire length of their heavy chain variable regions. Five of the differences occurred outside hypervariable regions, while three were placeable within such regions. A comparison of these molecules of anti-gamma globulin with the seven human V(H)III variable region sequences presently available for immunoglobulins without known antibody activity showed that the great majority of sequence differences between the two idiotypically similar antibodies and these seven proteins were confined to hypervariable regions. This study illustrates in precise terms a convergence of the distinct immunological properties of idiotypy, hypervariable region structure, and combining site specificity as they relate to the variable region of the immunoglobulin molecule. To a great degree these properties now appear to be a reflection of the same structural attributes of the variable region.


Detection and localization of virus-specific DNA by in situ hybridization of cells during infection and rapid transformation by the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus. Cytological preparations of interphase nuclei and chromosomes from mouse 3T6 cells prepared at various times after infection with the murine sarcomaleukemia virus complex were hybridized with the [(3)H]DNA product of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase. While uninfected nuclei had an average of 4 autoradiographic grains, infected nuclei had 30 grains at 5 hr after infection and 63-65 grains at 11 and 25 hr. Virus-specific grains were localized in the chromocenters of interphase nuclei and were found also in the centromeric heterochromatin region of metaphase chromosomes. These findings provide evidence that the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase functions to synthesize virus-specific DNA early after infection and that newly synthesized viral DNA rapidly becomes associated with or integrated into specific intranuclear sites.


Surface antigens of mammalian sarcoma virus-transformed nonproducer cells. In vitro, clonal BALB/3T3 mouse cells were transformed into nonproductive sarcoma cells by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. The resulting cells are called K-BALB. Similarly, the Kirsten sarcoma virus and woolly monkey sarcoma virus transformed normal rat embryonic kidney (NRK) cells to nonproductive sarcoma cells K-NRK and W-NRK, respectively. The presence of sarcoma cell surface antigen (SCSA) on these three different cell lines has been examined by immunoelectron microscopy using the rabbit anti-K-BALB, anti-K-NRK, and anti-W-NRK sera preabsorbed with normal embryonic rat cells, NRK cells, and BALB/3T3 cells. Four different specific sarcoma cell surface antigens have been demonstrated: SCSAa, an antigen specific to the surface of W-NRK cells; SCSAb, a surface antigen common to K-NRK and W-NRK cells; SCSAc, a surface antigen common to K-BALB and W-NRK cells; and SCSAd, a surface antigen broadly reactive with the rabbit antisera to W-NRK, K-NRK, and K-BALB.


Assignment of the human gene for hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase to chromosome 3. Mouse-human hybrid clones were tested for the presence of human hexose-1-phosphate uridylyl-transferase (EC 2.7.7.12;UDPglucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase). Two criteria, starch gel electrophoresis and double-immunodiffusion against a human transferase-specific antibody, were used to identify human enzyme in the hybrid clones. Seventeen of 33 hybrid clones analyzed were found to contain human transferase by both criteria. Karyological analysis of the hybrid clones showed concordant segregation of human transferase with human chromosome 3. Human galactokinase was asyntenic with human transferase. We thus assign this gene to human chromosome 3.


Variants of mouse myeloma cells that produce short immunoglobulin heavy chains. After mutagenesis of cultured mouse myeloma cells with ICR 191 or Melphalan, variant clones were isolated that synthesized immunoglobulin heavy chains shorter than those produced by the parent. These variants fell into two phenotypes, based on the size, serology, and pattern of assembly of the heavy chain. Variant chains of both types no longer reacted with antisera directed either against the Fc (C-terminal half of the heavy chains) or subclass-specific IgG(2b) determinants. Comparative ion exchange chromatography of tryptic-chymotryptic peptides confirmed that the variant heavy chains differed structurally from those of the parent and from each other. A conversion from one phenotype to the other has been observed.


Nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA synthesized from rabbit globin complementary DNA. Rabbit globin complementary DNA made with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) was used as template for in vitro synthesis of (32)P-labeled RNA. The sequences of the nucleotides in most of the fragments resulting from combined ribonuclease T(1) and alkaline phosphatase digestion have been determined. Several fragments were long enough to fit uniquely with the alpha or beta globin amino-acid sequences. These data demonstrate that the cDNA was copied from globin mRNA and contained no detectable contaminants.


Use of the avidin-biotin complex for specific staining of biological membranes in electron microscopy. To expand the electron microscopist's options in localization and visualization, a new and general staining technique has been tested. The avidin-biotin complex serves as a coupling between the electron-dense marker, ferritin, and points of interest in biological samples. When specific cellular components are tagged with biotin, those components may be visualized with ferritin-linked avidin. Because of the remarkably strong affinity of avidin and biotin (characterized by an association constant of 10(15) M(-1)), the staining is rapid and stable. The preparation of ferritin-avidin conjugate is described, and examples are presented of the application of this complex to biotin-tagged membranes. The ghosts of Acholeplasma laidlawii have been treated with biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester to label protein amino groups. Erythrocyte membrane oligosaccharides have been oxidized by periodate or by galactose oxidase, and the resulting aldehydes labeled with biotin hydrazide. The avidin-biotin complex in electron microscopy seems especially appropriate for seqential staining procedures, as well as for visualization of reaction sites of biotin-labeled, low-molecular-weight reagents.


Inhibition of murine leukemia virus production in chronically infected AKR cells: a novel effect of interferon. Treatment of AKR cells that had spontaneously become procedures of a murine leukemia virus with a partially purified mouse interferon (> 5 x 10(7) international mouse reference units per mg of protein) inhibited endogenous virus production. This inhibitory effect decreased over a 72-hr period in a manner similar to interferon-induced antiviral activity directed against vesicular stomatitis virus in AKR cells. Despite the inhibitory effect of interferon on infectious murine leukemia virus and viral reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) titers in the culture fluids, intracellular levels of viral groups-specific antigens were significantly increased. These results suggest that interferon treatment in AKR cells inhibited the assembly or release of the virus.


The role of the skin in active specific immunization against leukemia in guinea pigs. The L(2)C leukemia strain, which originated as spontaneous leukemia in "strain 2" guinea pigs, is transmissible by cell-graft in animals of this line; on subcutaneous inoculation it induces consistently generalized and progressive stem-cell leukemia in 99% of the inoculated animals. The leukemia thus induced never regresses. However, when very small doses of leukemic cell suspensions (0.05 ml of a 10(-6) or 10(-7) dilution) were inoculated intradermally, 86 out of 180 intradermal tumors (48%) regressed spontaneously. Most of the animals that recovered from the intradermal tumors were resistant to a challenging reinoculation of leukemic cells. This resistance could be substantially increased by a second intradermal inoculation of leukemic cells. Females were more resistant than males. When 55 immunized females and 36 males received a challenging subcutaneous reinoculation (0.5 ml each) of a leukemic cell suspension of 10(-2) dilution, only two females and six males developed leukemia; the remaining 83 animals (91%) remained in good health. In a control experiment, 126 untreated "strain 2" guinea pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with the same dose, and all but one (99%) developed leukemia. The immunity thus induced could not be transferred to other animals by a serum collected from immunized guinea pigs.


Cellular immunity against Rous sarcomas of chickens. Preferential reactivity against autochthonous target cells as determined by lymphocyte adherence and cytotoxicity tests in vitro. Spleen cells from random-bred chickens bearing Rous sarcomas were commonly more reactive against the neoplastic target cells in autochthonous than in allogenic interactions in vitro. This difference was observed both in cytotoxic assays ((51)Cr release from labeled target cells) and in an immunoadherence test measuring attachment of (51)Cr-labeled splenocytes to Rous sarcoma cells. Specific splenocyte reactivity was not observed with normal embryonic chicken fibroblasts, 3T3 cells, or embryonic mouse C3H fibroblasts. The immunoadherence technique required only 2 hr to perform, and revealed a more consistent superiority of autochthonous recognition of Rous sarcoma cells than the cytotoxicity assay. Experiments in which both procedures were used simultaneously with identical cell populations yielded similar results, indicating that splenocyte adherence may be a precursor of and/or concomitant to target cell damage and that individual-specific tumor antigencity may play a part in cellular immunity against Rous sarcomas.


Genetic control of basal serum immunoglobulin E level and its effect on specific reaginic sensitivity. Studies of the distribution of total serum immunoglobulin E levels in nonallergic and allergic populations defined a cut-off point between low and high immunoglobulin E at 95 U/ml, based on Mendelian recessive inheritance of high immunoglobulin E level. Subsequent investigations of the distribution of total serum immunoglobulin E levels in 28 allergic families confirmed the recessive hypothesis. The results of quantitative skin tests in eight families, performed with between five and eight highly purified grass and ragweed pollen allergens per family, demonstrate that the immunoglobulin E-regulating gene exerts a profound effect on specific immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitivity, often masking the effect of HL-A associated immune response genes.


A protein, immunologically similar to Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, produced by cultured baby hamster kidney cells.


Analysis of the C-value paradox by molecular hybridization. Poly(A)-containing RNA was isolated from ovaries of Xenopus laevis laevis and Triturus cristatus carnifex and used as a template for the synthesis of radioactive complementary DNA with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. When annealed with an excess of homologous DNA, the complementary DNA is rendered double-stranded with kinetics that suggest that the coding sequences are single-copy in both these organisms. In Triturus, these sequences are distinct from the majority of the genome, which consists of repeated sequences, and distinct from the ribosomal cistrons, which are present in proportion to the increase in C-value relative to the Xenopus genome. Moreover, the number of different poly(A)-containing molecules in the ovary (sequence complexity) is the same in Xenopus and in Triturus.


Some problems in cancer management.

Some problems in cancer management.


The intensive therapy unit and the surgical patient.


The early detection of recurrent and metastatic oncological disease.


Beating duration of cultured rat heart cells as affected by drugs and other factors.


The umbilicus as vagina substitute. A clinical note.


Border symbolism.

Border symbolism.


Skid row and inner-city alcoholics. A comparison of drinking patterns and medical problems.


Defects of the renal collecting systems in patients receiving anticoagulants.


Effects of low and high doses of L-dopa on the tetrabenazine or alpha-methyltyrosine-induced suppression of behaviour in a successive discrimination task.


Tumor and skeletal imaging in bone carcinoma: an experimental demonstration.


Carcinogenesis.

Carcinogenesis.


Editorial: Effect of dicumarol on the intestinal absorption of D-mannose and D-xylose.


Recent progress in the studies of lead poisoning.


LD50 and pathologic effects of acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine HC1 in rabbits.


Computation of unbound anticoagulant values in plasma.


Muscle toxicity produced by phencyclidine and restraint stress.


Hidden rheumatoid factor in latex negative test sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


Some aspects of histological structure of bovine extrinsic eye muscle.


Comparative aspects of primate chorionic gonadotropins.


Coping with the devastation of head and neck cancer.


Effect of human anti-gamma-globulin antibodies on human lymphocytes.


Studies on the induction of antibody synthesis against sulfanilic acid in rabbits. II. Effect of antibodies directed against new antigenic determinants in homologous protein. The impact on the primary immune response.


Studies on the induction of antibody synthesis against sulfanilic acid in rabbits. III. Effect of antibodies directed against new antigenic determinants in homologous protein. The effect in primed or unresponsive rabbits.


Differential changes in type I and type II muscle fibres in rheumatoid arthritis. A biopsy study.


Oestrogenic treatment of prostatic cancer lowers the fibrinolytic activity in vein walls.


Techniques for the identification of human chromosomes.


Health care and education: on the threshold of space. The studies described herein represent some of the most sophisticated social and technical experiments ever attempted in education and health care delivery. It is hoped that the lessons learned from them will bring us much closer to the goal of providing good quality health care and education in areas that are away from metropolitan centers.


Immune and toxic mechanisms in drug-induced agranulocytosis.


Are viruses concerned in the etiology of human leukemia?


Immunological aspects of the etiology of human leukemia.


Minimal brain dysfunction. Introduction.


Origins and mechanisms of specificity in clonal selection.


Antigen--antibody complexes as blocking factors on the T lymphocyte surface.


Rabbit allotypes--tools for the examination of gene expression in lymphoid differentiation.


Serum complement related to skin lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus.


Radiation therapy--What is it?

Radiation therapy--What is it?


Reproduction of phage conversion of the somatic antigen of Shigella flexneri on hybrids of Escherichia coli.


Cytophotometric investigation of the DNA content in pigmented epithelium cells of the rat retina during postnatal ontogenesis.


Simplified oesophageal intubation for cancer palliation.


Metabolic aspects of shock.

Metabolic aspects of shock.


Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and periampullary region.


An evaluation of palliative abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the rectum.


Effects of selected tissue antisera--spleen-bone marrow, brain, thyroid, pancreas, pituitary, thymus, etc.--in vivo or in vitro: a review covering 30 years researches at the University of Texas Medical Branch.


A method for evaluating the effects of allograft sterilization procedures on the viability of human fibroblasts.


Types of collagen fibres in the calcareous sponges Sycon and Leucandra.


Association of HL-A antigens and beta 2-microglobulin: concepts and questions.


The basic structure and the antigenic characteristics of HL-A antigens.


The immunoglobulin-like structure of human histocompatibility antigens.


Structure, evolution and significance of beta2-microglobulin.


Association between the beta-2-m-HL-A molecule and membrane structures responsible for lymphocyte activation.


Production of beta 2-microglobulin by normal and malignant human cell lines and peripheral lymphocytes.


The prolongation of renal allograft survival by an immunosuppressive peptide isolated from human plasma.


The subunit structure of transplantation antigens.


Suprapubic prostatectomy. Modified Hryntschak technique.


Role of prolactin in benign prostatic hypertrophy.


Bilateral sequential germ cell tumors of testis.


Rabies-like neuronal inclusions associated with a neoplastic reticulosis in a dog.


The diagnostic significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein.


Letter: "Green gizzard" problem in broiler poultry.


Coat protein and symptom specification in tobacco rattle virus.


Structural proteins of adenoviruses. X. Isolation and topography of low molecular weight antigens from the virion of adenovirus type 2.


RNA-directed DNA synthesis by virions of Rous sarcoma virus: further characterization of the templates and the extent of their transcription.


Proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide of influenza virus. Function of the uncleaved polypeptide HA.


The relationship of visna, maedi and RNA tumor viruses as studied by molecular hybridization.


A study of the structure of eggplant mottled dwarf virus.


The antigenic specificity of different states of aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus protein.


Properties of mouse leukemia viruses. VIII. The major viral glycoprotein of Friend leukemia virus. Seroimmunological, interfering and hemagglutinating capacities.


Postnatal development of the adrenergic nerve connections and catecholamine-containing cells of the rat carotid body.


Tumor angiogenesis factor. Speculations on an approach to cancer chemotherapy. Tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) and its importance in determining a strategy for cancer chemotherapy are discussed. It is suggested that inhibition of RNA synthesis or increased RNA catabolism might interfere with the metabolism of solid tumor cells more so than in normal cells, and thus hinder angiogenesis and pursuant tumor growth by preventing the synthesis of the RNA component of TAF. An attempt is made to indicate potential models for anti-angiogenesis agents of this type. The drugs offered as initial prototypes for investigations along these lines are actinomycin D (which likely has antimetabolite and anti-angiogenesis activities), polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (which likely has adjuvant and anti-angiogenesis activities) and ribonuclease (which in theory might be a purely anti-angiogenetic agent). It is noted that these models may turn out to be less than ideal as therapeutic agents due to problems of toxicity, metabolism, potency, or distribution, but nonetheless might serve to yield insights into the design of new cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, some evidence is cited suggesting that actinomycin D may be more effective against certain tumors when employed in lower, chronic dosages rather than its present use in "loading" dosages.The concept of anti-angiogenesis agents as fundamentally "tumoristatic" therapies is discussed, and the likelihood that such agents might be effectively "tumoricidal" in immunocompetent hosts is mentioned. The main promise of an anti-angiogenetic strategy is efficacy against presently intractable slowly growing human cancers when used in combination with other treatment modalities. In summary, a strategy of cancer chemotherapy predicated upon interference with RNA synthesis or increase in RNA catabolism is offered as a potential mechanism for establishing anti-angiogenesis, and as a promising alternative and adjunct to present methods.


The quantitative determination of thyroxine binding globulin by Laurell electrophoresis.


Quantitation of high-molecular proteins in cerebrospinal fluid.


Biological properties of bone tissue conserved in plastic material and sterilized with gamma rays (clinico-experimental study).


Revascularization of free skin graft in dependence on the recipient bed.


Reaction of haemopoietic system to transplantation of homologous bone tissue.


Oblique clefts of the face.

Oblique clefts of the face.


Fatal thermic accidents in old people.

Fatal thermic accidents in old people.


Reconstruction of the abdominal wall at venter pendulus.


Reconstruction of the dorsum nasi by osteperiosteal graft.


Tendon prosthesis.

Tendon prosthesis.


The Academician Frantisek Bruian in the Balkan wars (1912--1913).


In memoriam of Prof. Gustavo Sanvenero-Rosselli.


Testosterone metabolism in cultured hyperplasia of the human prostate.


The quest for a short-acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.


Neuronal typology in the anuran telencephalon: a Golgi study.


Methods of preservation and staining of rat thymus mast cells and their interpretation.


The ureterovesical junction and the musculature of the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder.


Histochemical and anisotropical aspects of the rat cementum.


Histochemical reactions on the localization of lipids and carbohydrates in the diencephalon and the mesencephalon of Barilius bendelisis (Ham.) and Barilius vagra (Ham.).


The role of the nerve in the formation and maintenance of taste buds.


Histomorphology of the male accessory reproductive organs of Suncus murinus sindensis Anderson, the common Indian shrew.


Ultrastructural aspects of lipoprotein passage through oocyte envelopes and storage in ooplasm during avian vitellopoiesis.


The lowering effect of deep-frozen storage on the gamma-globulin concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid after encephalography.


Mast cells in plaques of multiple sclerosis.


Hyperacute, neutrophilic, and localized forms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: a review.


Immunoelectrophoretic determination of serum globulins in newborn infants of diabetic mothers.


Bone marrow transplantation in inbred strains of mice. I. The failure of development of normal T cell function following allogeneic transplantation.


Selenium carrier proteins in mouse plasma.


Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after treatment.


Immunopathological changes during immunosuppressive treatment of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.


Arrhythmias in the earliest phase of acute myocardial infarction.


Neurohistological studies of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Aves, Passeriformes).


Heavy metals in the brain. A light microscope study of the rat with Timm's sulphide silver method. Methodological considerations and cytological and regional staining patterns.


Selenium catalysis of swelling of rat liver mitochondria and reduction of cytochrome c by sulfur compounds.


Secretory properties of chronically inflamed middle ear mucosa.


Membrane immunoglobulins and antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes.


Abnormal mitral valve motion during ventricular extrasystoles: an echocardiographic study.


Childhood exposure to environmental lead.


Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Long-term surgical follow-up.


Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and pulmonary disease.


Immunologic control of soluble protein absorption from the small intestine: a gut-surface phenomenon.


A simple technic for light and electron microscopic observation of the same sections. Study of human hyperplastic lymph nodes.


Letter: Screening for chronic granulomatous disease.


Gastrointestinal protein loss in hookworm and roundworm infections.


Primary cutaneous inoculation drug-resistant tuberculosis.


Remission of Cushing's disease after administration of adrenocorticotropin.


Possible pathogenetic role of capsular antigens in fulminant pneumococcal disease with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).


Glomerular deposition of tumor antigen in membranous nephropathy associated with colonic carcinoma.


The hematoxylin shortage and the availability of synthetic substitutes.


Chemistry of H and E staining.

Chemistry of H and E staining.


Pacemaker doll.

Pacemaker doll.


Serum changes in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma gambiense.


The results of split-course radiation therapy in cancer of the lung.


Intestinal trauma resulting from feeding activities of Ancylostoma caninum.


Localization of the circulating antigen within the gut of Schistosoma mansoni.


Differences in hydration characteristics of corneas in various animal species. Histochemical study of acid mucopolysaccharides.


"Axoplasmic transport"--the catering and communication system within nerve cells.