Ouabain-dependent potassium-potassium exchange in the toad bladder.


Transformation in Bacillus subtilis. Fate of newly introduced transforming DNA.


Nursing care study: twins in Papua.

Nursing care study: twins in Papua.


Phototaxis and sensory transduction in Euglena. The accumulation of Euglena gracilis in an illuminated region is brought about by two main mechanisms: orientation and subsequent directed movement (positive phototaxis) toward light scattered from particles in the illuminated zone; and by the trapping of cells in this region because of shock reactions experienced upon the cells encountering a sudden decrease of light intensity at the light-dark boundary (inverse photophobic responses). Phototactic orientation is mediated by inverse photophobic reactions which occur when the shadow of the stigma periodically falls upon the photoreceptor proper. Euglena also exhibits shock reactions when an already high light intensity is increased further (direct photophobic responses). The expression of both types of phobic responses depends upon stimulus intensity and adaptation of the sensory system in a seemingly complex way. A definition of the minimum components of the stimulus transduction system and a systems analytical approach to the study of input-output relationships enables one to construct an electronic analog of the cell's signal processing system that converts the photoreceptor input to commands which activate or inhibit flagellar reorientation. Computer simulation studies show that this model has considerable predictive value. It is hoped that with the approach presented in this article, a generalized model has become available for dealing with the questions of sensory transduction in aneural systems. Certainly, at this point more questions have been raised than have been answered. Where is the processing device located? Are its kinetic properties determined by electrical processes or by the rates of chemical reactions? Is the processor, and thereby the behavior of the orgamism, modulated by natural environmental parameters, and can it be modified permanently through more drastic chemical treatment of the cell? Is the system capable of permanent or transitory modification through repeated response, that is, does it exhibit phenomena analogous to learning and memory in higher organisms? These are only a few of the problems that require study in the future.


Phenocopies of pigmentary and behavioral effects of the yellow mutant in Drosophila induced by alpha-dimethyltyrosine. alpha-Dimethyltyrosine induces a phenocopy of the body color mutant yellow when fed to larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. The compound also induces changes in male courtship behavior which are similar to the effects of the mutant gene.


Effects of aminoglutethimide (Elipten Ciba), a steroid biosynthesis blocking agent, on adrenal glands in Cushing's syndrome.


Osteocytes in chronic uremia. Differential count of osteocytes in human femoral bone.


Pharmacology of cefazolin in human volunteers.


Liver enzyme induction by anticonvulsant drugs, and its relationship to disturbed calcium and folic acid metabolism.


Infantile neurological Gaucher's disease in three siblings. An ultrastructural study.


Morphological abnormalities of fungi induced by volatile microbial metabolites.


Ultrastructural changes in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in Galago crassicaudatus (primates) after eye enucleation.


Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.


Factors influencing biometric potency assays of brucella allergens in guinea-pigs.


The role of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in protecting mice vaccinated against Pseudomon as aeruginosa infections.


Morquio-Brailsford disease. A report of four affected sisters with absence of excessive keratan sulphate in the urine.


Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.

Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.


Treatment of ano-rectal gonorrhoea with ampicillin.


Analgesics and asthma.

Analgesics and asthma.


T-strain mycoplasma isolation and serology in women.


Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in use.

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in use.


Long-term domiciliary oxygen in chronic bronchitis with pulmonary hypertension. Five patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary hypertension were treated with oxygen in their homes for periods of between 6 and 24 months. Oxygen was supplied for 15 hours daily from cylinders or from an oxygen concentrator and few practical difficulties arose. After 23 to 59 weeks of treatment there were significant decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance, and four of the five patients no longer had pulmonary hypertension at rest. Two of these patients had shown little response after three weeks of treatment. There was a reduction in the number of episodes of congestive cardiac failure compared with the corresponding period before treatment. Two of the patients improved enough to return to work. These results are encouraging enough to justify a controlled trial of the treatment in a large number of patients.


Topical disodium cromoglycate.

Topical disodium cromoglycate.


Mortality in protein calorie malnutrition.


Endotracheal gentamicin for the prevention of bronchial infections in patients with tracheotomy.


Electron microscopy of Sarcocystis sp.: cyst wall, micropore, rhoptries, and an unidentified body.


Enzyme levels in cercariae and adult Schistosoma mansoni.


The stability and fractionation of malarial antigens from the blood of Africans infected with Plasmodium falciparum.


The turnover of folate coenzymes in murine lymphoma cells.


The proteolytic enzymes of the K-1 strain of Streptomyces griseus obtained from a commercial preparation (Pronase). Purification and characterization of the aminopeptidases.


Biological mechanisms involved in the formation of deoxy sugars. VII. Biosynthesis of 6-deoxy-L-talose.


The kinetics of dissociation of Cu2+-bovine serum albumin biuret complexes.


Purification and properties of the sigma subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase from vegetative Bacillus subtilis.


Comparative size and properties of the sigma subunits of ribonucleic acid polymerase from Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.


Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and hydrocortisone on synthesis and degradation of prolactin in a rat pituitary cell strain.


In vitro synthesis of ribosomal ribonucleic acid by a deoxyribonucleic acid-protein complex isolated from Escherichia coli.


A human left ventricular control system model for cardiac diagnosis.


Pattern variability in microtubular arrays associated with the tentacles of Actinobolina (Ciliatea: Gymnostomatida).


Ultracytochemical observations of glycogen synthesis and storage during infradian growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Chemistry of releasing hormones.

Chemistry of releasing hormones.


Thyrotrophin releasing hormone and thyroid function.


Pathogenic lactobacilli.

Pathogenic lactobacilli.


Gonococcal enhancement of staphylococcal virulence for the mouse.


Synergism between beta-lactam antibiotics: a test of theoretical predictions made with Staphylococcus aureus.


Unstable resistance to methicillin in Staphylococcus epidermidis.


An immunodiffusion analysis of strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans isolated in Australia, Malaya, Mexico, Uganda and Zaire.


Pyocine typing of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from children with cystic fibrosis.


Quantitative study of P substance in the megaesophagus and megacolon of human Trypanosoma cruzi infections.


The isolation of micro-organisms from creams and ointments by membrane filtration.


Observations of the mechanism of action of the sulfonylureas under clinical conditions.


Premature births in California sea lions: association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels. Premature pupping in California sea lions has been noted on the breeding islands since 1968. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues were two to eight times higher in tissues of premature parturient females and pups than in similar tissues of full-term parturient females and pups collected on San Miguel Island in 1970.


Cell-mediated immune responses in vitro: interaction of thymus-derived cells during cytotoxic allograft responses in vitro. A mouse in vitro allograft system was used to check for synergism among thymus-derived cells during cell-mediated immune responses. Synergistic interactions occurred between thymus and thymus-derived lymphocytes. The majority of precursors of cytotoxic effector cells were peripheral thymus-derived cells; thymocytes acted mainly as amplifier cells.


Behavior of free-ranging macaques after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine. Macaques (Macaca mulatta) observed in a free-ranging colony on Guayacan Island, Puerto Rico, were significantly different in their social interactions, initiatives, facial expressions, and postures after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine compared with sham-treated and field controls. This study extends the known effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and catecholamine depletion to the social interactions of a higher primate species under free-ranging conditions.


Biosynthesis of a vasotocin-like peptide in cell cultures from pineal glands of human fetuses. Cultured cells from pineal glands of human fetuses release into their media a substance that has antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities. The ratio of these activities as well as their susceptibility to tryptic digestion, specific oxidative inactivation by tyrosinase, and reductive inactivation by sodium thioglycollate, indicates the presence of a basic peptide, presumably identical with arginine vasotocin. The total amount of this peptide released into the culture media during 38 days of incubation is about ten times greater than the amount contained in nonincubated pineal glands from fetuses of the same age, strongly suggesting that fetal ependymal cells from the pineal gland can synthesize in vitro a peptide similar to arginine vasotocin.


Studies in actinomycetes in Egyptian soils. II. The occurrence of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes.


Black piedra among Brazilian Indians.

Black piedra among Brazilian Indians.


Antimicrobial principles in leaves of Lawsonia inermis L.


Production of candicidin by Streptomyces griseus.


Arterial CO2, O2, pH, and HCO3- values of ectotherms living in the Amazon.


The distribution of manual asymmetry.

The distribution of manual asymmetry.


Hemagglutination with preserved, sensitized cells, a practical test for routine serologic diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis.


Discordant response to nitroglycerin of strain gauge arch and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure in dogs.


Alcoholism as a predictive index of elapsed time between grand mal seizures.


Asymmetric bidirectional replication of Bacillus subtilis chromosome.


Topography of chromosome membrane junction in Bacillus subtilis.


Mapping genes for the ribosomal protein of Drosophila.


The hypocalcemic effect of protamine in goats and sheep.


The effect of spironolactone on the mercury content of various organs of rats given methyl mercury.


Changes in leucocyte distribution associated with age in thoroughbred horses.


Integration of mutagenicity studies into toxicity tests.


New formaldehyde base disinfectants.

New formaldehyde base disinfectants. Preparations of formaldehyde in various organic liquids-ethylene glycol, glycerol, and propylene glycol-serve as effective disinfectants towards microbial vegetative cells and spores. This disinfection is a temperature-dependent process and is manifest when these formaldehyde base disinfectants are dissolved in water. The irritating vapors associated with formaldehyde disinfection are not present in either of these new formaldehyde base disinfectants or in aqueous solutions of them.


Simplified method for producing pyocins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Good yields of pyocin are obtained when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is grown in Trypticase soy broth (without glucose) (BBL) plus 1% potassium nitrate. As a result, pyocin production for routine epidemiological typing can be done in screw-cap tubes, without mechanical agitation or mitomycin C induction.


Volatile compounds produced in sterile fish muscle (Sebastes melanops) by Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and an Achromobacter species. Volatile compounds produced by Pseudomonas putrefaciens, P. fluorescens, and an Achromobacter species in sterile fish muscle (Sebastes melanops) were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Compounds produced by P. putrefaciens included methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and trimethylamine. With the exception of dimethyl trisulfide, the same compounds were produced by an Achromobacter species. Methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide were the major sulfur-containing compounds produced by P. fluorescens.


Preparation, sensitivity, and specificity of Limulus lysate for endotoxin assay. Limulus amoebocyte lysate was prepared from a total of 180 crabs during 1971 and 1972 by using a slightly modified lysate preparation procedure. Marked variability of lysate potency was noted both years. In addition, lysate quality appeared diminished in 1972 as compared with 1971. Different lysate batches were evaluated for potency by using a variety of endotoxin preparations. Variations in batch potencies were observed, but little variation in reactivity among different endotoxin preparations was noted. Use of potent lysate batches allowed detection of endotoxin concentrations as low as 100 pg/ml. No endotoxinlike activity was observed from 11 different strains of yeast by use of the Limulus assay.


Stimulation of lactic acid bacteria by a micrococcus isolate: evidence for multiple effects. Growth of, and rate of acid production by, six cultures of lactic acid bacteria were increased in the presence of Micrococcus isolate F4 or a preparation of its capsular material. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide found in pure cultures of the lactic acid bacteria were not detectable, or were greatly reduced, in mixed culture with Micrococcus isolate F4. The capsular material was not as effective as whole cells in preventing accumulation of H(2)O(2). Catalase stimulated growth of, and the rate of acid production by, the lactic acid bacteria, but not to the same extent as Micrococcus isolate F4 in some cultures. The existence of two mechanisms for micrococcal stimulation of the lactic acid bacteria is postulated. One mechanism involves removal of H(2)O(2); the other has not been characterized.


Biomagnification of p, p'-DDT and methoxychlor by bacteria. Aerobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis accumulated p, p'-DDT and methoxychlor directly from water. Uptake of both (14)C-labeled organochlorine insecticides was rapid; 80 to 90% of the 24-h residues were reached within 30 min. Total cellular residues varied linearly with concentrations of DDT and methoxychlor in water ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mug/liter. The residue magnification factors from water were between 1,400- to 4,300-fold, but were independent of insecticide concentrations in water. When the insecticide-exposed microbial cells were washed with pesticide-free water, DDT residues were 45% in A. aerogenes and 30% in B. subtilis, whereas the methoxychlor level decreased nearly 75% in both organisms. Subsequent washing did not further reduce the insecticide residue. Autoclave-killed bacteria also rapidly adsorbed DDT and methoxychlor from water and, in some instances, residues were higher than in the living cells. Molecular polarity and lipid solubility appear to influence the retention of the organochlorine insecticides by bacterial cells.


Comparative evaluation of five serological methods for the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. The diagnosis of sporotrichosis can be time consuming. Serological procedures could facilitate the rapid and accurate diagnosis of this disease. A slide latex agglutination (SLA) test for sporotrichosis was developed and compared with the tube agglutination (TA), complement fixation (CF), and immunodiffusion (ID) tests in the serological study of 80 proven human cases of sporotrichosis representing the cutaneous, subcutaneous, and extracutaneous forms of the disease. In addition, the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique was applied to 61 case sera. In the SLA test, latex particles sensitized with culture filtrate antigens from the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii (B 959) detected 94% of the cases, as compared to 96% of the cases detected by the TA test, 68% by the CF test, and 56% by the ID test. The IFA test detected 90% of the 61 cases. The SLA and ID tests were specific, showing no reactions with sera from 86 persons with no disease or with diseases other than sporotrichosis. Because of its sensitivity, specificity, ease of performance, and ability to provide results in 5 min, the SLA test is highly recommended for routine use in the clinical laboratory.


Characterization of mild thermal stress in Pseudomonas fluorescens and its repair. The exposure of exponentially growing Pseudomonas fluorescens P7 cells to heating at 36 C for 2 h in a defined medium, followed by cooling to 25 C and further incubation at this, the optimal growth temperature, resulted in the apparent death of approximately 99% of the cells, as determined by their inability to form colonies on Trypticase soy agar. Continued incubation at 25 C resulted in an extremely rapid increase in the Trypticase soy agar count, demonstrating that the phenomenon observed was not death but rather injury. Presumptive evidence of heat-stimulated ribonucleic acid (RNA) degradation and membrane damage was provided by the observed loss of 260-nm absorbing materials. Confirmation of RNA degradation was obtained by colorimetric analysis. Ribosomal RNA from normal and injured cells, which was electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide gels, revealed that the 23S and 16S species were only partially destroyed. Inhibitor studies demonstrated, however, that RNA synthesis was necessary for recovery. The unusual accumulation of 17S RNA during recovery pointed to the presence of a heat-induced lesion in the RNA maturation process. A thermally induced membrane lesion is also discussed.


Differential counting in mixed cultures with coulter counters. A critical comparison of Coulter, viable, and microscope counts for several mixed cultures of microorganisms has been made. This investigation shows that Coulter counting can provide reliable estimates of microbial numbers in mixed cultures. Precautions and limitations of Coulter counting in mixed cultures are discussed.


Insulin degradation. V. Unmasking of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in rat liver microsomal membrane.


Tritium incorporation and retention in photosynthesizing algae.


Physical-chemical properties of stable yeast ribosomes and ribosomal subunits.


Transcription during cell differentiation in Naegleria gruberi. Preferential synthesis of messenger RNA.


Studies on bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease A. I. General properties and activation with different bivalent metals.


Trace elements and skin pigmentation.

Trace elements and skin pigmentation.


Quantitative haemagglutination. 4. Effect of neuraminidase treatment on agglutination by blood group antibodies.


Significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum.


Hyperamylasaemia in diabetic ketosis.

Hyperamylasaemia in diabetic ketosis.


Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in heroin addicts. The diagnosis of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis was made in seven narcotic addicts between 1967 and 1972. Vertebrae involved were either cervical or lumbar. Bacteriologic diagnosis was made in each case by percutaneous needle biopsy and aspiration. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in two patients. Five patients had infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter. All patients were cured by treatment with antibiotics and immobilization.


Inactivation of cultured human cells and control of C3H mouse mammary tumors with accelerated nitrogen ions.


Radioprotection of tumor and normal tissues by thiophosphate compounds.


Growth retardation in children after megavoltage irradiation of the spine.


Results of regional radiotherapy in localized Hodgkin's disease in children.


Radiation therapy in the treatment of childhood astrocytic gliomas.


An automated microbiological method for the measurement of vitamin B12. An automated method for the microbiological assay of vitamin B(12) is described. A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Lactobacillus leichmannii is used as the test organism and this eliminates the need for sterilization or aseptic addition. Precipitation of the serum protein is avoided by dilution of the serum with a glutamic/malic acid solution before heating the preparation to free the vitamin B(12). Tests can be set up at a rate of 80 an hour and after incubation they can be read at 160 an hour. By interfacing a programmed electronic calculator directly with the Mecolab M which is used for the assays, results are printed directly in ng/l.


Early detection of influenza virus in cell culture by means of immunofluorescence. An indirect fluorescent antibody technique using human serum for the rapid detection of influenza A virus in monkey kidney cell cultures is described. Influenza A2 virus was isolated from 38 of 88 nose/throat swabs received from patients with suspected influenza during the winter of 1971-72.Thirty-two strains isolated in monkey kidney cell cultures were identified by immunofluorescence on the day haemadsorption was observed, 22 of them within a week of receipt of the specimen. Human antiserum was found to be very satisfactory for this purpose.


A rapid assay method for cephalosporins. A simple, rapid assay for cephalosporins is described. The method is based on the inhibition by cephalosporins of the fermentation of glucose or inositol by a strain of Providence resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. The method gives answers which are as accurate as those obtained by standard agar diffusion techniques within four hours, and utilizes skills and resources readily available in most routine bacteriology departments. Results are not affected by gentamicin or kanamycin concurrently administered to the patient. This method will be of value in helping to monitor cephalosporin therapy in patients with serious sepsis, especially those with impaired renal function, and may help in elucidating and preventing the problem of nephrotoxicity associated with cephalosporin administration.


Antithrombin-3 deficiency in a Dutch family. A Dutch family (family A) with inherited antithrombin-III deficiency and an increased incidence of venous thrombosis was investigated. Antithrombin-III levels were measured by means of a coagulation assay in plasma and by single radial immunodiffusion in plasma and serum.THREE GROUPS COULD BE DISTINGUISHED: group I comprised the relations-in-law of family A, group II the members of family A with a plasma antithrombin-III level higher than 90% of normal, when determined by the immunoassay, and group III the members of family A with an antithrombin-III level of less than 60%. To group III belonged all eight adults with an abnormal tendency to thrombosis, and furthermore nine children, all having a parent with abnormally low antithrombin-III levels. Mean plasma and serum antithrombin-III levels were significantly decreased in group III. However, the results of the coagulation assay showed some overlap between groups II and III. In addition, the immunoassay appeared to be much less laborious than the coagulation assay. Therefore, the former assay is recommended in any search for similar families. The results of our family investigation confirm the findings of Egeberg (1965) that inherited antithrombin-III deficiency, giving rise to plasma levels between 50 and 60% of normal, causes thrombophilia and that the pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant.


The development of aluminum containers for the storage of blood in liquid nitrogen for the immunization of Rh volunteers.


Alternation behaviour in the rhesus monkey after profound hypoxia.


Relationships between luminance and visual acuity in the rhesus monkey. 1. The ability of rhesus monkeys to detect the gap in Landolt ring test-objects that were presented against background luminances between 5 x 10(-5) cd/m(2) and 5 x 10(3) cd/m(2) was compared with similar human data.2. At high luminance-levels the acuity of human observers is slightly better than that of rhesus, but rhesus have better acuity at scotopic luminance-levels. Both species have distinct photopic and scotopic acuity functions that cross at 6 x 10(-3) cd/m(2).3. The threshold for light detection is estimated to be the same for both species when specified in quanta incident on the retina.4. It is concluded that the receptor and neural mechanisms that mediate visual-acuity function similarly in rhesus and man, and that the differences in acuity that were measured in the two species may be attributed to optical rather than to physiological factors.


Serum sodium and potassium and blood glucose levels in cynamolgus monkeys after administration of melatonin.


Antigens of the male tract.

Antigens of the male tract.


Potassium accumulation in smooth muscle and associated ultrastructural changes. 1. The water content, extracellular ((60)CoEDTA) space, ionic composition and ultrastructure of several mammalian smooth muscles were studied after incubation in solutions of varying ionic compositions and osmolarities.2. Substitution of KCl for NaCl resulted in an increase in cell water, K and Cl, accompanied by little change in total wet weight. This was due to a reduction in the extracellular space.3. Changes in extracellular osmolarity produced a wider range of cell volumes in high KCl solutions than in Krebs. The addition of 29-58 mM sucrose to high KCl prevented the swelling.4. Electron microscopy of smooth muscle swollen in high KCl solution revealed light (less electron opaque than normal) fibres of increased diameter, reduction in extracellular space, and nuclear swelling. The normal thick filament lattice was destroyed in swollen, osmium-fixed smooth muscles.5. The ultrastructural changes ascribed to swelling were absent in smooth muscles, (a) depolarized in high K(2)SO(4) solutions, (b) in high KCl solutions with 29-58 mM sucrose, and (c) returned to normal Krebs solution for recovery from swelling.6. Smooth muscles incubated in high KCl (swollen) and high K(2)SO(4) (unswollen) exhibited similar contractile responses, suggesting the filament lattice was intact until fixation, and that the contractile mechanism can operate over a relatively wide range of actin to myosin separations.7. Shrinkage of smooth muscles in high KCl solutions made hypertonic with the addition of 10% sucrose was accompanied by an aggregation of the thick filaments.8. The cell water of fixed taenia coli was reduced (a) by incubation in hypertonic solution followed by fixation in normal glutaraldehyde, or (b) by fixation of normal tissue in hypertonic glutaraldehyde. Osmotic responses during aldehyde fixation may be a source of artifact in the visualization of the normal filament lattice.


Lead poisoning in small animals.

Lead poisoning in small animals.


Infantile hemiplegic disorder.

Infantile hemiplegic disorder.


Prolonged meningococcal septicemia. A report of four cases and a comparison with benign gonococcal septicemia.


Five cases of meningitis due to sulfonamide-resistant meningococci.


Effect of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing factor on pituitary TSH secretion in normal subjects and patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders.


Fixation and inactivation of cholera toxin by GM1 ganglioside.


Effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone on serum levels of pituitary hormones in men and women.


Effect of incorporated 226Ra on colony forming units of bone marrow in splenectomized mice.


Carcinoma of the vulva. Results of an individualized treatment schedule.


Stress electrocardiography in the evaluation of aortocoronary bypass surgery.


Tuberculoma of the heart. Report of 9 cases.


The value of warning arrhythmias in the prediction of ventricular fibrillation within one hour of coronary occlusion. Experimental studies in the baboon.


Metabolic studies on polychlorinated biphenyls. I. Metabolic fate of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in rats.


Albuminuria in acute and chronic renal failure.


Disodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma. A double-blind trial in adult patients.


The glomerular filtration rate during moderate hyperglycemia in normal man.


Multiple myeloma with urinary excretion of heavy chain components of IgG and nodular glomerulosclerosis.


The isolation of immunogenically pure IgM from Cohn fraction 3 of pooled normal human plasma.


The association of the serum agglutinators with the fast IgG globulins.


Immunological studies on HeLa cell heat-stable alkaline phosphatases and their antigenic relationship with human placental and intestinal isoenzymes.


Sensitivity to reduction of human immunoglobulin G of different heavy chain sub-classes.


Studies on sheep anti-human IgG antibodies and their sub-units.


The hydrolysis of rabbit immunoglobulin G with purified cathepsins D and E.


Biochemical and immunological properties of low molecular weight constituents of Timothy pollen antigen.


The effect of disodium cromoglycate and PGF2 alpha on acute cutaneous reactions of the guinea pig and rat.


Studies on the inhibition of cellular anaphylaxis.


Intrinsic activation of plasma kinin formation and complement.


Cellular and physiologic studies of immediate-type respiratory reactions.


Circulatory activity of a fully synthetic hydrogenated ergot alkaloid (DN 16-457).


Defective mononuclear phagocyte function in patients with myelomonocytic leukemia and in some patients with lymphoma. Mononuclear phagocytes from 8 of 10 patients with myelomonocytic leukemia and 2 of 9 patients with lymphoma phagocytized several species of bacteria but did not inhibit intracellular bacterial replication normally. Intracellular organisms were protected from the lethal effects of antibiotics in the medium. This defect of microbicidal function of malignant monocytes may explain in part the frequency of infection and the mechanism of antibiotic-resistant infection in some patients with malignant myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases.


Studies on the nature of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII). Further evidence relating the AHF-like antigens in normal and hemophilic plasmas. Normal human antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) and the protein antigenically related to it in hemophilic plasma both appeared in the void volume of columns of agarose (Sepharose 4B) during purification of these agents. On ultracentrifugation upon sucrose gradients, both agents had sedimentation characteristics similar to those of an S30 marker. After reduction, the polypeptide chains of purified normal AHF and of the nonfunctional agent from hemophilic patients had an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These observations suggest that AHF, purified as described, exists as a large molecule with subunits of molecular weight of approximately 200,000. Antisera to normal AHF and the nonfunctional agent from hemophilic plasma appeared to be directed against antigens of similar electrophoretic mobility and precipitating characteristics, present in normal and hemophilic plasma but deficient in severe von Willebrand's disease plasma. Both antisera neutralized the AHF clot-promoting activity present in normal plasma, and this property was removed by absorption of the antisera with concentrates of normal or hemophilic plasma but to a greatly reduced extent by concentrates of von Willebrand's disease plasma. These findings suggest that the antigen detected in normal plasma by the antisera appears on a molecule participating in the AHF clot-promoting reaction.


Immunology of the lower respiratory tract. Functional properties of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes obtained from the normal canine lung. While the alveolar macrophage has been studied extensively, little attention has been directed toward the immune functions of the bronchoalveolar lymphocyte. These cells, obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage of the normal canine lung, are derived from the air side of the alveolar-capillary membrane of the lower respiratory tract. The distribution of lymphocyte types within the bronchoalveolar cell population was determined and compared with that of leukocytes from blood and spleen.IgG synthesis in vitro was used as a measure of bone marrow-derived lymphocyte (B cell) function, and the blastogenic response of cell cultures to phytohemagglutinin was used as a measure of the presence or absence of thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T cells). De novo synthesis of IgG by bronchoalveolar cells was demonstrated consistently by two independent radio-immunoassays. Therefore, B cells are present in the air spaces of normal canine lungs. T cells were generally not detectable in aliquots of the same cell populations but could be recruited into alveolar spaces after local irritation. The distribution of lymphocyte types within the bronchoalveolar cell population is unique and distinctly different from that of blood and spleen. The spleen is rich in both T cells and B cells, blood is rich in T cells but poor in B cells, whereas the lung lacks T cells and contains substantial numbers of immunoglobulin-producing B cells. The findings indicate that bronchoalveolar lymphocytes do not reflect simply the lymphoid composition of peripheral blood.


The subunit structure of normal and hemophilic factor VIII. Human factor VIII from normals and hemophiliacs was partially purified by ethanol and polyethylene glycol precipitations. Final purification was achieved by gel filtration on 2 or 4% agarose or ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Comparable amounts of highly purified protein were obtained from normal and hemophilic plasma following the agarose chromatography step. Highly purified factor VIII was not dissociated by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, when reduced by beta-mercaptoethanol and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single subunit species with an estimated 195,000 molecular weight was found for both normal and hemophilic factor VIII. By sedimentation equilibrium analysis, the normal factor VIII subunit was homogeneous and had an estimated molecular weight of 202,000. The subunit polypeptides from normal or hemophilic factor VIII contained carbohydrate. Each was homogeneous by isoelectric focusing. Immunodiffusion of purified normal and hemophilic factor VIII against rabbit antiserum to purified normal human factor VIII showed a single line of precipitation. Very low concentrations of purified human thrombin initially increased the activity of normal factor VIII about threefold and then progressively destroyed activity by 3 h. Only minimal activation occurred with hemophilic factor VIII. Both the activation and inactivation of normal and hemophilic factor VIII were unaccompanied by detectable changes in subunit molecular weight. These findings may have implications for the definition of the molecular defect in hemophilic factor VIII.


Repetitive administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone results in small elevations of serum thyroid hormones and in marked inhibition of thyrotropin response. Repetitive administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to human subjects was used to produce small elevations of endogenous serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) levels and thereby to determine the effect of these small elevations on the serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to subsequent doses of TRH. Each subject received 13 consecutive doses of 25 mug TRH at 4-h intervals. Serum T(3), T(4), and TSH levels were measured before the 1st, 7th, and 13th doses ("basal levels") and for the 4 h after each of these doses. In 10 normal subjects, the mean TSH response fell from 14.6 muU/ml after the 1st TRH dose to 6.9 and 3.0 muU/ml after the 7th, and 13th doses. These falls in TSH response were accompanied by rises in the mean basal serum T(3) levels from 81 to 115 to 114 ng/100 ml (normal range, 70-150 ng/100 ml) and rises in the mean basal serum T(4) from 6.7 to 8.6 to 9.5 mug/100 ml (normal range, 5-11 mug/100 ml). These data suggest that TRH-induced TSH release is extremely sensitive to inhibition by small elevations, not above the normal ranges, of serum T(3) and T(4) of endogenous origin. In four patients with primary hypothyroidism, the mean TSH responses were 92, 137, and 92 muU/ml after the 1st, 7th, and 13th TRH doses. The corresponding mean basal serum T(3) and T(4) levels at the times of these doses were 34, 30, and 32 ng/100 ml and 1.9, 1.9, and 1.7 mug/100 ml. These data show that repetitive administration of TRH does not result in progressively lower TSH responses in the absence of corresponding increases in serum T(3) and T(4) level. The progressive fall in TSH response observed in the normal subjects, therefore, was apparently due to the corresponding small increases in serum T(3) and T(4) levels and not to progressive depletion of pituitary TSH. In two patients with presumed TRH deficiency, the TSH responses were blunted by repetitive TRH doses but only when the serum T(3) and T(4) levels increased to within the normal ranges. TRH deficiency was thus confirmed for the first time by producing euthyroidism by replacement of TRH.


Effective erythropoiesis induced by 5beta-pregnane-3beta-hydroxy-20-one in squirrel monkeys. The erythropoietic effect of 5beta-pregnane-3beta-hydroxy-20-one, a naturally occurring steroid metabolite of progesterone, was evaluated in the squirrel monkey by ferrokinetic studies. red cell survival, and blood volume measurements. The intramuscular administration of this steroid in pharmacologic doses shortened the (59)Fe plasma clearance and increased the plasma iron turnover, thereby indicating an increase in erythropoiesis. A normal (59)Fe red cell uptake was observed, and the bone marrow maturation time was not altered. Red cell survival was the same in the treated and control groups. After five weekly injections of the steroid, the monkeys increased their red cell mass by 57%. A significant increase in white blood cells and a slight elevation of platelet counts in the treated monkeys also suggest a possible direct stimulation of hemopoietic stem cells by the steroid metabolite. These observations indicate that some steroid metabolites can stimulate an early increase in iron turnover (within 48 h) that is not secondary to hemolysis. The increased red cell mass indicates effective erythropoiesis in primates.


Thyroid hormone inhibition of the prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The influence of serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations on the release of prolactin in man was studied by determining the prolactin response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients before and after correction of their serum thyroid hormone abnormalities. The maximum increment in serum prolactin above the basal level (maximum Delta prolactin) was used as the index of response to TRH. In 12 patients with primary hypothyroidism, the maximum Delta prolactin in response to TRH fell from 100.5+/-29.1 ng/ml (mean +/-SEM) before treatment to 36.1+/-6.0 ng/ml (P < 0.01) during the 4th wk of treatment with 30 mug T(3) + 120 mug T(4) daily. The mean serum T(3) level increased from 57+/-8 to 138+/-10 ng/100 ml, and the mean serum T(4) level increased from 3.0+/-0.4 to 7.2+/-0.4 mug/100 ml during this treatment. In eight normal subjects the maximum Deltaprolactin in response to TRH was not significantly different during the 4th wk of treatment with 30 mug T(3) + 120 mug T(4) daily from the response before treatment. In 10 patients with hyperthyroidism, the maximum Deltaprolactin in response to TRH increased from 14.2+/-2.9 ng/ml before treatment to 46.9+/-6.7 ng/ml (P < 0.001) during antithyroid treatment. The mean serum T(3) level fell from 313+/-47 to 90+/-8 ng/100 ml, and the mean serum T(4) level fell from 20.8+/-2.5 to 6.8+/-0.6 mug/100 ml during this treatment. These results show that changes from normal serum levels of T(3) and T(4) are associated with changes in prolactin responses to TRH; subnormal serum levels of T(3) and T(4) increase TRH-induced prolactin release, whereas substantially higher than normal serum levels of T(3) and T(4) inhibit this release.


Stimulation of nonimmunized lymphocytes by platelet-antibody complexes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.


Lysine supplementation of wheat gluten at adequate and restricted energy intakes in young men.


Serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, and prealbumin concentrations in protein-calorie malnutrition. I. A functional defect in hepatic retinol release.


Serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, and prealbumin concentrations in protein-calorie malnutrition. II. Treatment including supplemental vitamin A.


Effects of chromium supplementation on growth in marasmic protein--calorie malnutrition.


Endotoxin-induced protection against experimental Junín virus infection.


Effect of eight fungicides on microbial activities in soil as measured by a bioassay method.


Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium of an elaterid larva (Coleoptera) infected enterically with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Electron microscope and physical chemical characterization of C-phycocyanin from fresh extracts of two blue-green algae.


Association of virulence characteristics of Erwinia amylovora with toxigenicity of its phage lysates to rabbit.


Nutritional status of patients after extended tube feeding.


Responses of the bovine lymphatic system to infection by Theileria parva. I. Histology and ultrastructure of lymph nodes in experimentally-infected calves.


Responses of the bovine lymphatic system to infection by Theileria parva. II. Changes in the central lymph in experimentally-infected calves.


Immunization against Brucella infections. Priming of Cynomolgus philipinensis with purified antigen of Brucella melitensis prior to injection of Rev. I vaccine.


A colorimetric method for measurement of the (peroxidase-mediated) oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine.


Inability of murine melanoma "tyrosinase" (dopa ozidase) to oxidize tyrosine in the presence or absence of dopa or dihydroxyfumarate cofactor.


Fixation effects on the fine structure of enamel crystal-matrix relationships.


Preliminary study of B. subtilis alpha-amylase crystals by electron microscopy and optical diffraction.


Microcirculation and metabolism in the vascular wall concerned with the vasa vasorum.


Absence of cross-reactive antigen in Fabry's disease.


Anticonvulsants and fetal damage.

Anticonvulsants and fetal damage.


Wilson's disease in the United Kingdom and Taiwan. I. General characteristics of 142 cases and prognosis. II. A genetic analysis of 88 cases.


Comparison of acute oral toxicity of cannabinoids in rats, dogs and monkeys.


Fish bile analysis: a possible aid in monitoring water quality.


Extraction of carboxylic acids as adducts with dibenzo-18-crown-6.


Intraarterial administration of emulsion formulations containing cyclandelate and nitroglycerin.


Preparation of protein-steroid conjugates and antisera against oestradiol-17 .


Micrococcus indolicus. Some biochemical properties, and the demonstration of sex antigenically different types.


Clinical aspects of Rh immunization. Philip Levine Award Address.


Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine insecticides in eggs from eider (Somateria mollissima).


Ocular manifestations of dwarfism.

Ocular manifestations of dwarfism.


Long-term continuous exposure to sulfur dioxide and fly ash mixtures in cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs.


The effect of a combined preparation of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole following short-term and long-term administration on the flora of the human gut.


Factors in the pathogenesis of experimental nonketotic and ketoacidotic diabetic stupor.


Levels of serum LH in rhesus monkeys after intrapituitary infusion of synthetic LH-RH or median eminence extracts.


Effect of immunization with estrone-protein conjugate in rhesus monkeys.


Effects of cations and colchicine on the release of prolactin and growth hormone by functional pituitary tumor cells in culture.


The influence of lactation on luteal function in the rhesus monkey.


The metabolism of saccharin in laboratory animals.


Polychlorinated biphenyls: evidence of transplacental passage in the Sherman rat.


An investigation into the mode of transmission of sarcosporidiosis.


Normal development of the jaws and teeth in pigs, and the delay and malocclusion produced by calorie deficiencies.


The innervation of the cerebral arteries.


Penicillinases of Klebsiella pneumoniae and their phylogenetic relationship to penicillinases mediated by R factors. On the assumption that the penicillinase determinants on a group of R factors conferring ampicillin resistance have a phylogenetically close relationship to the penicillinase gene of the Klebsiella group, the penicillinases from four strains of K. pneumoniae, GN69, GN1103R(-), GN422, and GN118, were purified 230- to 1,000-fold and compared with the known two R-factor-mediated penicillinases. By gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, the molecular weights were estimated to be 17,400, 18,100, 20,000 and 18,300, respectively, which are slightly lower than those of the R-factor penicillinases. The isoelectric points of the Klebsiella penicillinases were not in agreement with those of the R-factor penicillinases. All the enzymes showed a pH optimum between 6.3 to 7.2 and a temperature optimum of 45 C, and those properties, together with behavior towards inhibitors, were about the same as those in the R-factor penicillinases. The substrate specificity and the Michaelis constants of the Klebsiella penicillinases for penicillins and cephaloridine were broadly similar to those of the R-factor penicillinases, however, some variations were found even among the four penicillinases of K. pneumoniae. The reactivities of the four penicillinases of K. pneumoniae with the antiserum against one R-factor penicillinase were tested, and three of the four Klebsiella penicillinases were found to be indistinguishable immunologically from both R-factor penicillinases. The remaining Klebsiella penicillinase, from GN1103R(-), showed an immunological partial homology with the R-factor penicillinases.


Pleiotropic menaquinone-deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis. A multiple aromatic amino acid auxotroph of Bacillus subtilis 168 has been isolated which is unable to synthesize menaquinone-7 (MK-7) unless supplied with shikimic acid (SHK). The mutant, RB163, was isolated by selecting for resistance to low levels (1.5 mug/ml) of kanamycin. Enzymatic and genetic analyses show that the strain is an aroD mutant lacking 5-dehydroshikimate reductase. Under growth conditions in which its MK-7 deficiency is expressed, RB163 is deficient in cytochromes a, b, and c, exhibits low growth yields, and does not sporulate. Genetic analysis indicates that this pleiotropic phenotype is the result of a single genetic event. All phenotypic characteristics are reversible when the mutant is grown under conditions such that MK is synthesized. Comparison of strain RB163 with other aro mutants blocked before SHK ("early-aro" mutants) reveals interesting differences. Most early-aro mutants are cytochrome- and MK-sufficient, sporogenous, and sensitive to kanamycin when grown in the absence of SHK. However, in addition to strain RB163, two other aro mutants were found to show the pleiotropic phenotype. These three mutants have in common, and differ from other early-aro strains in, the inability to synthesize MK. It is suggested that the phenotypically wild-type aro mutants are bradytrophic, allowing enough substrate flow through the common aromatic pathway to satisfy the MK requirement. The pleiotropic mutants are thought to be completely blocked in the common pathway, thus accounting for their inability to synthesize MK.


Phenotypes of pleiotropic-negative sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis. The phenotypic properties of representatives of the five genetic classes of pleiotropic-negative sporulation mutants have been investigated. Protease production, alkaline and neutral proteases, was curtailed in spoA mutants, but the remainder of mutant classes produced both proteases, albeit at reduced levels. The spoA and spoB mutants plaqued phi2 and phi15 at high efficiency, but the efficiency of plating of these phages on spoE, spoF, and spoH mutants was drastically reduced. Antibiotic was produced by the spoH mutants and to a degree by some spoF mutants, but the other classes did not produce detectable activity. The spoA mutants were less responsive to catabolite repression of histidase synthesis by glucose than was the wild type. Severe catabolite repression could be induced in spoA mutants by amino acid limitation, suggesting that the relaxation of catabolite repression observed is not due to a defect in the mechanism of catabolite repression. Although others have shown a perturbation in cytochrome regulation in spoA and spoB mutants, the primary dehydrogenases, succinate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, leading to these cytochromes are unimpaired in all mutant classes. A comparison of the structural components of cell walls and membranes of spoA and the wild type is made. The pleiotropic phenotypes of these mutants are discussed.


Deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization of R factors. A new method of estimating deoxyribonucleic acid homology is presented and used to measure the homology between bacterial plasmids of different compatibility groups. Deoxyribonucleic acid of the P-group plasmid RP1, originally isolated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has considerable (50%) homology with an N-group plasmid of the Enterobacteriaceae.


Ethidium bromide-resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis. An ethidium bromide-resistant mutant (EB8) derived from a Marburg strain of Bacillus subtilis was found to be conditionally resistant to 10 mug of ethidium bromide per ml. Expression of resistance is complete only during vegetative growth at incubation temperatures above 30 C in complex medium or minimal medium supplemented with Casamino Acids. Strain EB8 is cross-resistant to acriflavine and proflavine. The ethidium bromide resistance marker is co-transduced with hisA1 at a frequency of 6% and is located to the right of hisA1 on the B. subtilis chromosome as it is usually represented on the map. Incorporation of [5-(3)H] uridine by strain EB8 showed that ribonucleic acid synthesis in both whole cells and protoplasts is ethidium bromide-resistant.


Exosporium and spore coat formation in Bacillus cereus T. The exosporium of Bacillus cereus T was first observed as a small lamella in the cytoplasm in proximity to the outer forespore membrane (OFSM) near the middle of the sporangium. Serial sections, various staining methods, and enzyme treatments failed to show any connections between the small lamella and the OFSM. The advancing edge of the exosporium moved toward the polar end of the cell until the spore was completely enveloped. The middle coat was formed between the exosporium and the OFSM from a three-layered single plate or "belt," consisting of two electron-dense layers separated by an electron-transparent layer. This "belt," usually first observed toward the center of the sporangium, developed without changing thickness or appearance over the surface of the forespore. Between the middle coat and the OFSM, a layer of cytoplasm about 50-nm thick was enclosed by the developing coat; this became the inner coat. Electron-dense material was deposited on the outer surface of the middle coat to form the outer coat.


Release and recovery of forespores from Bacillus cereus. A method is described which makes possible the release of immature forespores from sporulating cells at specific stages of development, from the completion of stage III through to mature spore formation. With the aid of zonal density gradient centrifugation, the method makes possible the recovery of quantities of forespores ample for biochemical and physical studies. With the capability to examine forespores and some mother cell components independently, we have established that several enzymes associated with the sporulation process are localized in the newly developed forespores. Studies showed that aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are associated with the forespores, whereas l-alanine dehydrogenase is found only in the mother cell cytoplasm.


Genetic mapping of a mutant defective in D,L-alanine racemase in Bacillus subtilis 168. Genetic analysis of a d-alanine requiring mutant (dal) of Bacillus subtilis reveals that the gene that codes for d,l-alanine racemase is linked to purB. The order of genes in this region of the chromosome is purB, pig, tsi, dal. Thus there are at least two clusters of genes that regulate cell wall biosynthesis in B. subtilis.


Rapid method for isolation of large quantities of outer membrane from Escherichia coli K-12 and its application to the study of envelope mutants. A rapid method for the isolation of large quantities of bacterial outer membrane is described. This cell envelope component was removed from plasmolyzed cells of Escherichia coli K-12 by lysozyme-ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid treatment, aggregated by lowering the pH to 5.0, and recovered by centrifugation. Aggregates of membrane fragments were clearly identified in an electron microscope. A criterion of homogeneity of the preparation was obtained by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation. A single band appeared at a density of 1.24 g/cc. The cytoplasmic membrane marker, succinate dehydrogenase activity, was 40 times lower in the outer membrane preparation than in complete cell envelope preparations. A rich activity was, however, found for the outer membrane marker, phospholipase A. The compositions of outer membranes from a transductant pair were compared. One transductant was a chain-forming, antibiotic-supersensitive envA strain, whereas the other contained the envA(+) allele. The envA strain showed a slightly modified protein pattern and a lower relative content of phosphatidylglycerol.


Effect of biogenic amines and cannabinoids on bacterial chemotaxis. The chemotactic response of Pseudomonas fluorescens was significantly enhanced by the stimulants dl-amphetamine and epinephrine. Acetylcholine, a physiological antagonist of epinephrine, and the cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol inhibited bacterial chemotaxis. It may be possible to use bacterial chemotaxis as a bioassay in biochemical studies of drug action.


Genetic and biochemical characterization of mutants of Bacillus subtilis defective in succinate dehydrogenase. Eleven succinate-accumulating mutants of Bacillus subtilis have been mapped by transformation and transduction crosses and characterized with respect to activities of citric acid cycle enzymes. These mutants could be divided into three genetic groups. Nine of the mutants were found to map between argA and leu in the citF locus. A second group was located between lys-1 and trpC2 and the third group could not be located on the B. subtilis chromosome in extensive transduction crosses. All of the citF mutants lack detectable succinate dehydrogenase activity, whereas both of the other groups show a reduced level of this enzyme. In addition, most of the mutants in the citF locus lack cytochrome a, whereas the level of this cytochrome is normal in the other two groups. A procedure has been devised for the solubilization of the succinate dehydrogenase from the membrane of B. subtilis with the non-ionic detergent Brij 58. Some properties of the soluble and bound forms of succinate dehydrogenase are described.


Threonine synthetase-catalyzed conversion of phosphohomoserine to alpha-ketobutyrate in Bacillus subtilis. An enzyme activity of Bacillus subtilis has been found that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and deamination of phosphohomoserine to alpha-ketobutyrate, resulting in a bypass of threonine in isoleucine biosynthesis. In crude extracts of a strain deficient in the biosynthetic isoleucine-inhibitable threonine dehydratase, phosphohomoserine was converted to alpha-ketobutyrate. Phosphohomoserine conversion to alpha-ketobutyrate was shown not to involve a threonine intermediate. Single mutational events affecting threonine synthetase also affected the phosphohomoserine-deaminating activity, suggesting that the deamination of phosphohomoserine was catalyzed by the threonine synthetase enzyme. It was demonstrated in vivo, in a strain deficient in the biosynthetic threonine dehydratase, that isoleucine was synthesized from homoserine without intermediate formation of threonine.


Transduction of lactose metabolism in Streptococcus lactis C2. Ultraviolet (UV)-induced phage lysates, from lactose-positive (lac(+)) Streptococcus lactis C2, transduced lactose fermenting ability to lac(-) recipient cells of this organism. Although the phage titer could not be determined due to the absence of an appropriate indicator strain, the number of transductants was proportional to the amount of phage lysate added. Treatment of the lysate with deoxyribonuclease had no effect on this conversion, indicating the observed genetic change was not mediated by free deoxyribonucleic acid. When the lac(+) transductants were isolated and exposed to UV irradiation, lysates with higher transducing ability were obtained. The transducing ability of this lysate was about 100-fold higher than that observed in the original lysates. The lac(+) transductants were unstable since lac(-) segregants occurred at high frequency. The phage lysate from S. lactis C2 also transduced maltose and mannose metabolism to the respective negative recipient cells. The results demonstrate the transduction of carbohydrate markers by a streptococcal phage and establish a genetic transfer system in group N streptococci.


Lipopolysaccharide layer protection of gram-negative bacteria against inhibition by long-chain fatty acids. Growth, amino acid transport, and oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are inhibited by short-chain (C(2)-C(6)) but not by medium or long-chain fatty acids (C(10)-C(18)) at concentrations at which these processes are completely inhibited in Bacillus subtilis. The resistance of gram-negative organisms is not correlated with their ability to metabolize fatty acids, since an E. coli mutant unable to transport oleic acid is still resistant. However, mutants of both E. coli and S. typhimurium in which the lipopolysaccharide layer does not contain the residues beyond the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate core are inhibited by medium (C(10)) but not by long-chain (C(18)) fatty acids. Furthermore, removal of a portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer by ethylenediaminetetraacetate treatment renders the organisms sensitive to medium and partially sensitive to long-chain fatty acids. The intact lipopolysaccharide layer of gram-negative organisms apparently screens the cells against medium and long-chain fatty acids and prevents their accumulation on the inner cell membrane (site of amino acid transport) at inhibitory concentrations. These results are relevant to the use of antimicrobial food additives, and they allow the characterization of gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharide mutants.


Hydroxamate recognition during iron transport from hydroxamate-ion chelates. Kinetics of radioactive iron transport from three structurally different secondary hydroxamate-iron chelates (schizokinen-iron, produced by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213; Desferal-iron, produced by an actinomycete; and aerobactin-iron, produced by Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1) revealed that B. megaterium SK11 (a mutant which cannot synthesize schizokinen) has a specific transport system for utilization of ferric hydroxamates with a recognition capacity based on the chemical structure of the hydroxamate. Both Desferal and schizokinen enhanced iron uptake in this organism; however, Desferal-iron delivered only one-sixth the level of iron incorporated from the schizokinen-iron chelate. Desferal-iron did not generate the rapid rates of iron transport noted with schizokinen-iron at elevated iron concentrations. Assays containing large excesses of either iron-free Desferal or iron-free schizokinen suggested that the iron-free hydroxamate may compete with the ferric hydroxamate for acceptance by the transport system although the system has greater affinity for the iron chelate. Aerobactin-iron did not stimulate iron uptake in B. megaterium SK11 and aerobactin inhibited growth of this organism, indicating that B. megaterium SK11 cannot efficiently process the aerobactin-iron chelate.


Fate of labeled hydroxamates during iron transport from hydroxamate-ion chelates. The fate of the hydroxamic acid-iron transport cofactors during iron uptake from the (59)Fe(3+) chelates of the (3)H-labeled hydroxamates schizokinen and aerobactin was studied by assay of simultaneous incorporation of both (59)Fe(3+) and (3)H. In the schizokinen-producing organism Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 transport of (59)Fe(3+) from the (3)H-schizokinen-(59)Fe(3+) chelate at 37 C was accompanied by rapid uptake and release (within 2 min) of (3)H-schizokinen, although (3)H-schizokinen discharge was temperature-dependent and did not occur at 0 C. In the schizokinen-requiring strain B. megaterium SK11 similar release of (3)H-schizokinen occurred only at elevated concentrations of the double-labeled chelate; at lower chelate concentrations, (3)H-schizokinen remained cell-associated. Temperature-dependent uptake of deferri (iron-free) (3)H-schizokinen to levels equivalent to those incorporated from the chelate form was noted in strain SK11, but strain ATCC 19213 showed only temperature-independent binding of low concentrations of deferri (3)H-schizokinen. These results indicate an initial temperature-independent binding of the ferric hydroxamate which is followed rapidly by temperature-dependent transport of the chelate into the cell and an enzyme catalyzed separation of iron from the chelate. The resulting deferri hydroxamate is discharged from the cell only when a characteristic intracellular concentration of the hydroxamate is exceeded, which happens in the schizokinen-requiring strain only at elevated concentrations of the chelate. This strain also appears to draw the deferri hydroxamate into the cell by a temperature-dependent mechanism. The aerobactin-producing organism Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1 also demonstrated rapid initial uptake and temperature-dependent discharge of (3)H-aerobactin during iron transport from (3)H-aerobactin-(59)Fe(3+), suggesting a similar ferric hydroxamate transport system in this organism.


Efficiency of energy conversion by aerobic glucose metabolism in Aphancapsa 6714. Efficiency of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation from glucose oxidation in Aphanocapsa 6714 was estimated by quantitative measurement of phosphorylated intermediary metabolites and glycogen (polyglucose) formed from (14)C-glucose. P/2e ratios based on oxygen uptake ranged from 2.62 to 3.08, whereas those based on (14)CO(2) evolution ranged from 1.66 to 1.72. The synthesis of glycogen, which is the dominant energy-consuming process in resting cells exposed to exogenous glucose, was almost totally inhibited under anaerobic conditions, and the cellular concentration of ATP decreased steadily. Thus, both net synthesis of ATP and the steady-state concentration of ATP are obligatorily linked to respiration in this heterotrophic unicellular blue-green alga.


Cell-bound thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus. The distribution of the extracellular enzyme, thiaminase I, was determined for logarithmically growing cultures of Bacillus thiaminolyticus. About 60% of the enzyme is associated with the cells throughout the growth cycle. The remainder of the enzyme is in the culture medium. The release of the cell-bound thiaminase I is examined under a variety of conditions. The rate and extent of release is dependent on the pH and the nature of the incubation solution. The release process appears to be relatively independent of de novo protein synthesis, energy derived from oxidative phosphorylation, or divalent metal ions. The absence of carbon or nitrogen sources has little effect on the release of the enzyme. Cell-bound thiaminase I probably is the immediate precursor for extracellular thiaminase I found in the culture medium. Washed cells continue to release thiaminase I at the expense of cell-bound enzyme. In addition, purified cell-bound thiaminase I is indistinguishable from purified extracellular thiaminase I by a number of physical and kinetic criteria.


Kinetics of glucose incorporation by Aphanocapsa 6714. Photoautotrophic metabolism of CO(2) was compared with glucose metabolism in the facultative unicellular blue-green alga, Aphanocapsa 6714. Glucose-fed cells incorporated more (14)C into phosphorylated sugar intermediates of the reductive and oxidative pentose phosphate cycles than autotrophic cells. The relative increases were: 140-fold in dark cells; 32-fold in dichlorophenylmethylurea (DCMU)-inhibited cells; and 16-fold in cells assumilating glucose during photosynthetic carbon reduction. On the other hand, incorporation of (14)C from glucose into 3-phosphoglycerate and the amino acid pools of glutamate and aspartate was reduced in dark cells. Rates of protein synthesis in dark and DCMU-inhibited cells were reduced 50 and 80% compared to photoautotrophic cells. In cells assimilating glucose during photosynthesis, rates of (14)C incorporation into the two amino acids and protein were the same as in photoautotrophic cells. Chase experiments, using an excess of (12)C-glucose and CO(2), revealed slow turnover of carbon in dark cells and intermediate turnover rates in DCMU-inhibited cells, when compared to cells assimilating glucose during photosynthesis.


Reversible inactivation of thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus by its primary substrate, thiamine. Thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus is reversibly inactivated when it is incubated with its primary substrate, thiamine, or with one of several structural analogues of thiamine in the absence of an acceptor base. The inactivation reaction is pH and temperature dependent and is stochiometric with respect to thiamine and thiaminase I concentrations. One molecule of thiamine is cleaved for each molecule of enzyme inactivated. Inactivation is prevented or reversed by sulfhydryl-reducing agents. Active or reactivated thiaminase I migrate as a single band in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. Inactive thiaminase I appears to migrate as two separate bands. Active, inactive, and reactivated thiaminase I are immunologically similar. A possible mechanism for the inactivation of thiaminase I by its substrate is discussed.


Comprehensive rehabilitation of the patient with cancer. Five-year experience of a home-care unit.


Precipitating antibody against pigeon antigens in sera of asymptomatic pigeon breeders.


Characterization and significance of urinary fibrin degradation products.


Prolonged survival after complete small bowel resection using intravenous alimentation at home.


Hepatic drug metabolism and protein malnutrition.


Co-trimaxazole therapy: place and prospects.


Sensitivity testing with trimethorpim-sulphamethoxazole.


Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole effect on folate metabolism.


Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole: long-term therapy and folate levels.


Inhibition by imidazole of the increase in intraocular pressure induced by topical prostaglandin E.


Serum growth hormone in diabetic coma.

Serum growth hormone in diabetic coma.


Failure of SC-19220 to affect prostaglandin E1 (PGR1) gastric antisecretory actions.


Thio-TEPA therapy to prevent postoperative pterygium occurrence and neovascularization.


Pressure-dependency of the aqueous outflow.


Angiologic assessment of the hemodynamic effects of sustained release nitroglycerin in patients with angina pectoris.


Care of anesthetic equipment and other devices.


The isolation of erythrocyte membrane proteins in aqueous media.


Interaction of thyroxine with rat adenohypophysial proteins in vitro.


Elimination of recessive lethals in model populations of Drosophila melanogaster.


Infectious DNA from coliphage T1. IV. The action of radicals induced by 60Co-gamma rays in the wet state.


Synthesis of IgG, IgA, IgM by chicken tissues: immunofluorescent and 14C amino acid incorporation studies.


Lymphocyte phytohemagglutinin responsiveness, immunoglobulins and autoantibodies in aging humans.


Immunoglobulins in the developing amphibian, Rana catesbeiana.


Human immunoglobulin A: production of an Fc fragment by an enteric microbial proteolytic enzyme.


The role of thymus-derived lymphocytes in the in vitro activation of macrophages to kill Listeria monocytogenes.


Changing patterns of bacterial meningitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935-1970.


Antinucleolar antibodies in human sera.

Antinucleolar antibodies in human sera.


Preliminary characterization of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli F11(P155).


Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a comparative study of the active immunity induced by inactivated and viable pathogenic Rickettsia rickettsii.


Electron microscope study of the structures of the Bacillus subtilis prophages, SPO2 and phi105.


Electron microscope mapping of the distribution of ribosomal genes of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.


An electromechanical hypothesis for ciliary coordination in ciliated protozoa.


Vitellogenesis induced by juvenile hormone in the female sterile mutant apterous-four in Drosophila melanogaster.


Immunological studies of factor VIII in haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.


Microbiological quality of Norwegian butter and margarine.


Chronic thyroiditis in buffalo-strain rats ingesting 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene or N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide.


Purines and purine nucleoside antagonists.


Enzymes as immunosuppressants: basic considerations.


Diagnosis and management of infections associated with immunosuppression. New antibiotics of potential importance for immunosuppressed patients.


Patient isolation units for cancer patients treated with chemical immunosuppressive agents.


Scintillation cameras and multiprobe detectors--their advantages and disadvantages in brain perfusion measurements.


The in vivo activity of in vitro immunized mouse thymocytes. 3. Fate of in vitro immunized thymocytes.


51Cr release microassays for histocompatibility antigens on normal and malignant cells.


Immunochemical specificity of cytoplasmic inclusions induced by viruses in the potato Y group.


Prophylaxis of Rh-immunization with immunoglobulin anti-D.


Serological cross-reactions between different Brucella species and Yersinia enterocolitica. Biological and chemical investigations of lipopolysaccharides from Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica type IX.


Testosterone regulation of pigmentation in scrotal epidermis of the rat.


Cell division after inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis in Neisseria meningitidis. 1. Blockage of division in synchronized populations by hydroxyurea and chloramphenicol.


Cell division after inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis in Neisseria meningitidis. 2. Residual division and increase in absorbancy in exponential phase cultures after addition of hydroxyurea and chloramphenicol.


The occurrence of measles antigen precipitating antibodies in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis and their relatives.


Three new Escherichia coli O antigens O154, O155 and O156, and one new K antigen, K94.


Epidemiological markers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1. Serogrouping, pyocine typing--and their interrelations.


Epidemiological markers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. Relationship between bacteriophage susceptibility and serogroup or pyocine type.


Epidemiological markers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. Comparison of bacteriophage typing, serogrouping, and pyocine typing on a heterogeneous clinical material.


Incidence of Rh immunization following abortion: possible detection of lymphocyte priming to Rh antigen.


Community mental health services in Britain.


Growth of bacteria and fungi in total parenteral nutrition solutions.


Antitumor activities of bacterial leucine dehydrogenase and glutaminase A.


Use of elemental diet during the adaptive stage of short gut syndrome.


The use of reporter group circular dichroism in the study of conformational transitions in bovine serum albumin.


Amino acid adequacy of parenteral casein hydrolysate and oral cottage cheese in patients with gastrointestinal disease as measured by nitrogen balance and blood aminogram.


The problem-oriented medical record in long-term institutional care.


Immunological studies of coagulation factor XIII. Human fibrin-stabilizing factor (Factor XIII) has been studied immunologically by the preparation of specific anti-Factor XIII antiserum in rabbits. On immunodiffusion it was found that normal plasma produced two precipitin lines. One of the precipitin lines was identical with that present in soluble platelet extract (the alpha-component), the other with that present in normal serum (beta-component). Plasma and serum of patients with congenital Factor XIII deficiency contained only the beta-component. By adsorption it was possible to prepare a second antiserum with solely anti-alpha-activity that did not react with the serum or plasma of XIII-deficient patients. Both antisera neutralized the clot-stabilizing activity of normal plasma. The action of thrombin on fibrinogen-free plasma or platelet extract abolished the immunoprecipitin alpha-line but did not reduce the capacity to neutralize antibody as measured by clot stabilization. It is concluded that the plasma Factor XIII molecule consists of two immunologically identifiable components, alpha and beta. The clot-stabilizing activity and thrombin-reactive site are situated on the alpha-component. Patients with congenital Factor XIII deficiency are devoid of immunologically identifiable or functional alpha-component but retain immunologically identifiable beta-component. It is this beta-component that accounts for the observed immunologically detectable Factor XIII in those patients devoid of clot-stabilizing activity.


Acute changes in oxyhemoglobin affinity. Effects on oxygen transport and utilization. It has been postulated that 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG)-mediated changes in oxyhemoglobin affinity play an important role in oxygen delivery; however, the effect of an acute increase in affinity without changing red cell mass has not been systematically evaluated. This study was designed to measure changes in oxygen transport and oxygen consumption produced by an acute increase in oxyhemoglobin affinity caused by an autologous exchange transfusion using DPG-depleted stored blood. From each of 10 5-kg rhesus monkeys, 100 ml of blood was taken on the 1st and 3rd wk of the study and each stored in 25 ml of acid-citrate-dextrose storage solution. On the 5th wk, each animal underwent an exchange transfusion with 200 ml of its stored blood. Hemodynamic data were obtained before and 30 min after transfusion. The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifted to the left (P(50) changed from 33.9 to 27.2 mm Hg), as mean red cell DPG decreased from 28.6 to 12.7 mumol/g of hemoglobin. No significant change was noted in pH, P(CO2), base deficit, arterial or venous percent saturation of hemoglobin, cardiac output, or oxygen consumption. However, a fall in mixed venous P(O2) from 35.3 to 27.9 mm Hg occurred.Thus, an acute shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve to the left was accompanied by a significant decrease in the mixed venous P(O2) without evidence of acidosis, decreased oxygen consumption, or a compensatory increase in cardiac output.


A simple trauma model in the rat.

A simple trauma model in the rat.


Exertional arrhythmia and nitgroglycerin.


Malignant pleural disease. A radiotherapeutic approach to the problem.


Immunological identification of human semen.


Filters for intravenous alimentation.

Filters for intravenous alimentation.


Specificity of precipitating antibodies in immunological identification of antihaemophilic factor.


Tyrosinase activity in subcellular fractions of black and albino mice.


Aspirin inhibition of in vitro osteolysis stimulated by parathyroid hormone and PGE1.


Prostaglandin regulation of airway smooth muscle tone.


An evaluation of five percent sulfamylon cream in control of experimental burn wound sepsis.


Regulation of erythropoiesis by androgens.


Ocular anomalies in malformation syndromes.


Ketosis.

Ketosis.


On the transferrin concentration in blood serum of growing calves and in bovine colostrum.


The composition of bovine udder secretion during the first half of the dry period.


Studies on the gestational changes in the buffalo uterus. I. The histo-morphological changes.


Recovery of the rod and cone cells after photic injury.


Variations in thyroid status of the buffalo during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and in conditions of ovarian abnormalities.


Tuberculosis of the tongue.

Tuberculosis of the tongue.


Congenital cerebellar ataxia in the gotland pony breed.


Comparative studies on glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in bees and wasps.


Purification and crystallization of three isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase from Zea mays seed.


The synthesis of 3-nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate in rat liver mitochondria: the effect of Ca2 , Mg2+, chelators, and bacitracin on the activity of p-hydroxybenzoate-polyprenyl transferase.


Genetic variation in the carbonic anhydrase isozymes of macaque monkeys. 3. Biosynthesis of carbonic anhydrases in bone marrow erythroid cells and peripheral blood reticulocytes of Macaca nemestria.


Wide-angle holography of the eye.

Wide-angle holography of the eye.


The pancreatic  -cell recognition of insulin secretagogues. VII. Binding and permeation of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid in the plasma membrane of pancreatic  -cells.


The Donnan effect in tobacco mosaic virus and its components.


Preparation and partial fractionation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins from human diploid fibroblasts.


Effects of long-term adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) for radically resected bronchogenic carcinoma.


Shock, cerebral hypoxia, and pulmonary vascular control: the centrineurogenic etiology of the respiratory distress syndrome.


Results of combination treatment of lung cancer patients: surgery plus radiotherapy and surgery plus chemotherapy.


Chemotherapy for lung cancer at the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, USSR.


Trauma as a cause of epilepsy in childhood.


The localization of DNA ligase in the chromatin of animal cells.


Test for missynthesis of lactate dehydrogenase in aging mice by use of a monospecific antibody.


Age-associated changes in viability genetic loads of Drosophila melanogaster.


Heat tolerance changes with age in normal and irradiated Drosophila melanogaster.


Testing of rifampicin on possible genetic effects on Drosophila melanogaster and human leukocyte chromosomes in vitro.


A method for freezing living ovaries of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and its application to the storage of mutant stocks.


Distribution of 5S RNA in the liver of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus.


Effects of nicotine and arousal on the monkey electroencephalogram.


Separation of peptides according to charge by gel filtration in the presence of ionized detergents.


Nonhistone chromatin protein phosphorylation during azo-dye carcinogenesis.


Complementary chromatic adaptation in a filamentous blue-green alga. Fluorescent and red light environments generate greatly different patterns of pigmentation and morphology in Fremyella diplosiphon. Most strikingly, red-illuminated cultures contain no measurable C-phycoerythrin and have a mean filament length about 10 times shorter than fluorescent-illuminated cultures. C-phycoerythrin behaves as a photoinducible constituent of this alga. Spectrophotometric and immunochemical procedures were devised so that C-phycoerythrin metabolism could be studied quantitatively with [(14)C]-phenylalanine pulse-chased cultures. Transfer of red-illuminated cultures to fluorescent light initiates C-phycoerythrin production by essentially de novo synthesis. C-phycoerythrin is not degraded to any significant extent in cultures continuously illuminated with fluorescent light. Transfer of fluorescent-illuminated cultures to red light causes an abrupt cessation of C-phycoerythrin synthesis. The C-phycoerythrin content of cultures adapting to red light decreases and subsequently becomes constant. Loss of C-phycoerythrin is not brought about by metabolic degradation, but rather by a decrease in mean filament length which is effected by transcellular breakage. In this experimental system, light influences intracellular C-phycoerythrin levels by regulating the rate of synthesis of the chromoprotein.


Sedimentation velocity characterisation of the cell cycle of granulocytic progenitor cells in monkey hemopoietic tissue.


Fracture faces of zonulae occludentes from "tight" and "leaky" epithelia. Epithelia vary with respect to transepithelial permeability. In those that are considered "leaky", a large fraction of the passive transepithelial flux appears to follow the paracellular route, passing across the zonulae occludentes and moving down the intercellular clefts. In "tight" epithelia, the resistance of the paracellular pathway to passive flux is greatly increased. To see whether differences in the morphology of the zonula occludens could contribute to this variability in leakiness among epithelia, replicas of zonulae occludentes in freeze-fractured material from a variety of tight and leaky epithelia were examined. The junctions appear as a branching and anastomosing network of strands or grooves on the A and B membrane fracture faces, respectively. It was found that the zonula occludens from a "very leaky" epithelium, the proximal convoluted tubule of the mouse kidney, is extremely shallow in the apical-basal direction, consisting in most places of only one junctional strand. In contrast, the "very tight" frog urinary bladder exhibits a zonula occludens that is relatively deep (>0.5 microm) in the apical-basal direction, and consists of five or more interconnected junctional strands interposed between luminal and lateral membrane surfaces. Epithelia of intermediate permeabilities exhibited junctions with intermediate or variable morphology. Toad urinary bladder, mouse stomach, jejunum, and distal tubule, rabbit gallbladder, and Necturus kidney and gallbladder were also examined, and the morphological data from these epithelia were compared to physiological data from the literature.


Surrogate rehabilitation of monkeys reared in total social isolation.


Activity of a transfer RNA modifying enzyme during the development of Drosophila and its relationship to the su(s) locus.


Adenovirus DNA. IV. Topology of adenovirus genomes.


Further observation on the difference between Tyzzer's organisms from mice and those from rats.


Immunologic reactions of filaria-free beagle sera to Dirofilaria antigen.


Influence of fungicides on mycotoxin production by Alternaria mali.


Mycoflora in cystic fibrosis: some ecologic aspects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.


Preparation and specificity of antibodies to 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha.


Inhibition of abortion and fetal death produced by endotoxin or prostaglandin F2alpha.


Possible mode of action of prostaglandins. V. Differential effects of prostaglandin F2  before and after the establishment of placental physiology in pregnant rats.


Absorption of prostaglandin E2 and uterine sensitivity of the non-pregnant and pregnant monkey in vivo.


Release of prostaglandins by the I.U.C.D.


Levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF in biological fluids as measured by radioimmunoassay.


Effect of intraventricularly administered prostaglandin E1 on the electrical activity of cerebral cortex and behavior in the unanesthetized monkey.


Effect of polyphloretin phosphate and 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid on the vasoactive actions of prostaglandin E2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine on isolated human umbilical arteries.


Effect of aspirin upon male mouse fertility.


Prostaglandin and eye.

Prostaglandin and eye.


Substrate non-specificity of Streptococcus faecalis azoreductase.


The metabolism of 3-((5-methyl-5H-as-triazino(5,6-b)-indol-3-yl)amino)-1-propanol (SK&F 21687). A Potent antiviral.


The effect of cyclophosphamide (endoxan) on histoenzymatic reactions in the liver. II. Studies on liver regeneration during cyclophosphamide administration.


Polarographic investigation on Pb++ trapping by subcellular fractions of rat liver.


A histochemical study of few enzymes in the neoplastic liver of Corvus spledens (Vieillot).


A histochemical study on the dihydrofolate reductase activity in leukemia.


Histochemical analysis of the neurosecretory product in fishes.


Mucopolysaccharide histochemistry of Musca domestica. VI. The structure and development of chitin.


Sequential staining for the correct histochemical localization of lactic dehydrogenase activity in formaldehyde-fixed frozen sections of a mixed muscle.


Serum complement in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.


Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis with other bacillus species based on enzymoserological examinations of their proteolytic enzymes.


Reservoir hosts of cutaneous leishmaniasis among Panamanian forest mammals.


Cerebral filariasis in Rhodesia--a zoonotic infection?


Effects of new laser systems on the skin.


Ultrastructure of a pilar tumor.

Ultrastructure of a pilar tumor.


Kurotori virus: a virus newly isolated from Anopheles sinensis and pathogenic to mice. I. Isolation and properties.


Effects of chelating agents on the initial interaction of phytohemagglutinin with lymphocytes and the subsequent stimulation of amino acid uptake.


Maleyl-alpha-lactalbumin as lactose synthetase specifier protein.


Studies on the cell surface maltase of the rabbit renal cortex.


Inhibition of lectin agglutinability by fixation of the cell surface membrane.


Airways narrowing in exercise in normal subjects and the effect of disodium cromoglycate.


Tuberculosis of the male urethra.

Tuberculosis of the male urethra.


Sub-units of N-acetylglucosaminidases.

Sub-units of N-acetylglucosaminidases.


Phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) acts only at the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane.


Consequences of smallpox vaccination in leprosy patients. This study illustrates the consequences of smallpox revaccination in 45 lepromatous, 28 tuberculoid, and 47 normal individuals. Results obtained with intradermal inoculations indicated that the patients with leprosy were associated with a relative anergy against the vaccinia virus, the anergy being minimal in the tuberculoid leprosy but marked in the cases with lepromatous leprosy. Major vaccinial reactions were observed more often in patients with lepromatous leprosy than in the controls or patients with tuberculoid leprosy. Furthermore in a patient with lepromatous leprosy, vaccinia necrosum also developed. The smallpox vaccination with live virus also appeared as a provocative factor for the precipitation of lepra reaction in the lepromatous leprosy cases. After 3 weeks of vaccination, the frequency of the specific humoral antibody response was the same in the tuberculoid patients and controls while it was higher in the cases with lepromatous leprosy. The prevaccination titer of total hemagglutination inhibition antibody was significantly higher in the lepromatous leprosy cases. However, the postvaccinial, humoral antibody response of the lepromatous patients was of the same magnitude as that observed in the normal individuals, and it was mainly due to a 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody.


Relative immunogenicity of streptomycin-sensitive and -resistant strains of BCG. Normal, specific pathogen-free mice were vaccinated intravenously with increasing amounts of a streptomycin-resistant variety of BCG Tice (BCG SM(R)). The behavior of BCG SM(R) in the lungs, liver, and spleen was followed quantitatively for up to 50 days. One or two intravenous doses of 10(6) viable organisms were steadily eliminated from the tissues without producing detectable tuberculin sensitivity or raising resistance to a subsequent challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Erdman. But mice receiving six weekly injections of 10(6) viable BCG SM(R) or a single injection of 10(6) BCG SM(R) by the intravenous route did develop effective levels of antituberculous resistance. Heat inactivation of the BCG SM(R) inoculum removed the organism's protective activity which could, however, be restored by incorporation of the organisms into Freund adjuvant. The ability of living BCG SM(R) to induce an effective antituberculous resistance when introduced into the tissues in an appropriate manner is discussed in terms of the mechanism of antituberculous immunity.


Association of group B coxsackie viruses with cases of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia by demonstration of immunoglobulin M antibody. Tests for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to group B coxsackieviruses were performed on sera from 259 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia on whom there were no definitive serological or virus isolation findings to establish a viral etiology, and on 259 "control" patients with clinical diagnoses of viral or mycoplasmal pneumonia or pneumonitis. IgM antibodies to coxsackievirus types B1, B3, B4, B5, and B6 were detected by a micro-immunodiffusion technique, and antibodies to virus type B2 were detected by reduction of neutralizing antibodies with ethanethiol. Of the patients with pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia, 27% (70) had IgM antibody to group B coxsackieviruses, as compared with 8% in the control group. On retrospective review of the clinical diagnosis, some of the patients in the control group with IgM antibody were found to have had additional clinical findings which could be attributed to a coxsackievirus infection. Coxsackievirus IgM antibody was demonstrable in 30% of 113 patients in the study group for whom virus isolation had been attempted with negative results. The presence of coxsackievirus IgM is discussed in relation to the time of serum collection, age of the patients, and month of onset of illness.


Antimycobacterial effect of lysates prepared from immunologically activated macrophages. Lysates or heptane extracts of peritoneal (P) and alveolar (A) normal macrophages (N-M), immune macrophages (I-M), and immune-activated macrophages (IA-M) were examined for antimycobacterial activity by the agar-plate diffusion test. This test has been found suitable to reveal the antibacterial activity in 3-day incubated, but not in freshly prepared, lysates. Results showed that materials of IA-AM or I-AM and of IA-PM exerted antimycobacterial effects, whereas materials of N-PM, I-PM, and of N-AM were usually inactive. Antimycobacterial activity of lysates of AM was stronger than that of PM. The formation of antibacterial factors during an incubation of M lysates, the solubility of the factors in heptane, and various other characteristics suggested that the antimycobacterial effect was caused by the formation of toxic levels of non-esterified fatty acids. M lysates exerted equal activities against BCG, H(37)Ra, and H(37)Rv strains of tubercle bacilli. The presence of antimycobacterial activity in lysates prepared from IA-M of either BCG- or BCG-sensitized animals indicated that the potential to generate antimycobacterial activity is associated with the state of delayed hypersensitivity and the state of activation of M.


Pharmacokinetic studies on minocycline in man.


Ribosomal vaccines. II. Specificity of the immune response to ribosomal ribonucleic acid and protein isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. Ribosomal proteins isolated from Salmonella typhimurium were effective in inducing immunity in mice. This immunity was specific since animals immunized with ribosomal proteins from S. typhimurium were not protected against challenge with S. cholerae-suis or S. enteritidis. Immunity was evident as early as 5 days after immunization. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) failed to provide any effective immunity in mice. Polyinosinic acid: polycytidylic acid (poly I: C) induced a rapid, short-lived immunity to all three Salmonella species. In contrast, ribosomal RNA failed to elicit any rapid nonspecific response to infection.


Measurement of antibody-reactive toxin antigen during experimental staphylococcal B enterotoxemia. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) injected intravenously is rapidly cleared from the circulation and deposited in tissues. Type-specific antiserum administered after toxin has left the circulation can influence the course of enterotoxemia, and this observation suggests that toxin antigens may either be returned to the circulation or reside on cell surfaces readily available to antibody. If SEB toxin or its fragments regain access to the extracellular space, they might react with circulating antibody and be detected and quantitated by the reduction in antibody titer. Accordingly, 1 h after toxin or saline injection, animals were given type-specific enterotoxin B antiserum, and the difference in titers between the animals was used to compute the amount of enterotoxin immediately available to antibody. Further, by measuring differences in titers over a 48-h period, an estimate was made of the amount of SEB antigen that gained access to antibody. The data indicate that rats, which are relatively resistant to the lethal effects of enterotoxin, clear toxin from the circulation promptly and that very little toxin reenters the circulation. Monkeys, who are highly susceptible to SEB, also clear toxin promptly. However, in contrasts to rats, monkeys have greater quantities of SEB immediately available to antibody and in addition return significant quantities of toxin antigens to the extracellular space.


Toxinogeny in Corynebacterium diphtheriae after loss of catalase, cystinase, or deoxyribonuclease activity. The relationship of catalase, cystinase, and deoxyribonuclease activity to toxinogeny in Corynebacterium diphtheriae was examined. Mutants deficient in each activity were isolated after mutagenization of strain C4 with nitrosoguanidine. All mutants were converted to toxinogeny after lysogenization with beta-converting phage, thus establishing that there is no absolute link between toxin production and these enzymatic activities. No differences were observed in the rate of lysogenization of the mutants by beta-converting phage over that of the parental strain. However, the data suggest that catalase mutants lysogenic for beta phage are generally induced at a higher rate than the parental strain after irradiation with ultraviolet light. Cystinase mutants vary widely in their rate of induction whereas the deoxyribonuclease mutants are similar to the parental strain. The relationship of these results to the production of toxinogenic strains is discussed.


Origin and development of kinetosomes in Oxytricha fallax.


Serology of Streptococcus sanguis: localization of antigens with unlabeled antisera. A new technique for the electron microscope localization of bacterial surface antigens, using unlabeled antisera, has been developed. This technique, called the "immuno-coating reaction" was applied to serological studies of Streptococcus sanguis, using antisera which had been shown to be specific for this species by gel diffusion analysis. The results of the immuno-coating reaction confirmed the specificity of the antisera for S. sanguis. In addition, the data indicate that some of the antigens responsible for the reaction were proteins which formed filamentous processes on the surface of the cell.


The ultrastructural effects of excess maternal vitamin A on the primitive streak stage rat embryo.


New sensitive assay for phosphatidylserine decarboxylase based on the detection of CO2 from nonradiolabeled phosphatidylserine. A new rapid assay for phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, which is sensitive in the nanomolar range, is described. Synthesis of radiolabeled phosphatidylserine for use as a substrate is not required, since the assay, unlike previous ones, is based on the detection of CO(2) liberated from unlabeled phosphatidylserine. The assay employs a gas chromatographic procedure for the analysis of methane formed by catalytic conversion of the CO(2) produced as a product of the enzymatic reaction.


Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract. I.


A fatal x-linked recessive reticuloendothelial syndrome with hyperglobulinemia. X-linked recessive reticuloendotheliosis.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a newborn infant with Listeria sepsis.


Economics and medicos.

Economics and medicos.


Radioassay and the thyroid gland.

Radioassay and the thyroid gland.


Detection of virus antigens: hepatitis B antigen.


The physiology of growth hormone regulation: pre- and postimmunoassay eras.