Antigenic variation in current human type A influenza viruses: antigenic characteristics of the variants and their geographic distribution. Outbreaks of influenza due to the virus A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) began in 1968 and are still occurring. The haemagglutinin of this virus is different from that of the A/Singapore/1/57 virus (the "Asian" strain) but the neuraminidase antigens are the same. Between 1968 and 1971 only minor antigenic "drift" in the haemagglutinin was noted, but in recent months 2 isolates have been identified in which considerable "drift" has occurred in the haemagglutinin and in the neuraminidase antigens. One, A/Hong Kong/5/72 (H3N2), was first detected in outbreaks in Hong Kong between November 1971 and January 1972 and was predominant there and in Korea but did not become widely disseminated. The second strain, A/England/42/72 (H3N2), has been isolated in winter outbreaks in the southern hemisphere and now appears to be the predominant strain in the northern hemisphere. The characteristics of the strains are described.


Quantitative differentiation of Yersinia pestis strains by their murine toxin and fraction I contents. Until now the serological typing of Yersinia pestis into subgroups has not proved possible because all the antigenic components are present in each isolate. Using acrylamide disk electrophoresis it was observed that differences exist in the protein distribution patterns of aqueous extracts from various Y. pestis isolates. One component that was especially plentiful in some Javanese and South American isolates was identified as the murine toxin. The amount of murine toxin varies significantly from isolate to isolate, and so permits them to be roughly grouped. In 28 degrees C cultures the variation in the murine toxin content is independent of the variation in the F-I content. A new method of typing based on this 2-trait variation in quantities, in contrast to classical typing based on qualitative differences, might prove to be a means of differentiating Y. pestis isolates.


[Pathological basis for radiodiagnosis of ulcerative carcinoma and benign stomach ulcer].


Determination of gold in drugs and serum by use of anodic stripping voltammetry.


Relationships among urinary aminoimidazolecarboxamide in urine and folate, and vitamin B12 concentrations in serum.


A simplified determination of urinary cadmium, lead, and thallium, with use of carbon rod atomization and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.


Gametocytocidal and sporontocidal effects of antimalarial drugs on malaria parasites. I. Effect of single and multiple doses of primaquine on Plasmodium cynomolgi.


Theileria lawrencei: infection in the Indian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis.


Ileal absorption of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate(C12 MDP) in the chick.


N-Carbobenzoxy-L-pyroglutamyl-L-hitidyl peptides.


Carbonic anhydrase activity in Rana pipiens skin: biochemical and histochemical analysis.


Ultracentrifugal and immunological comparisons of succinylated human thyroglobulin and 27 S iodoprotein.


Release of endotoxin in the form of cell wall blebs during in vitro growth of Neisseria meningitidis. Multiple cell wall blebs were observed on the surface of three strains of N. meningitidis taken from log phase cultures. The blebs originated as evaginations of the outer layer of the cell wall. Bleb production was noted on both defined or complex media either as broth or a solid medium. The addition of 10% normal bovine serum to the various media did not affect the production and release of these surface blebs. However, as broth cultures progressed into the stationary phase of growth, the blebs disappeared from the surface of the cells. Blebs were present in substantial quantities in culture supernatant fluids and on cell surfaces and were readily isolated by ultracentrifugation. Analysis for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in cultures revealed that 18% of the total endotoxin of log phase cultures was present in blebs from the cell wall.


Idiotypic specificity of rabbit antibodies to streptococcal group polysaccharides. Anti-idiotypic antisera against six restricted rabbit streptococcal group specific antibodies have been raised in rabbits matched for allotypes. All these antisera reacted specifically with their homologous idiotypes on double-diffusion tests in agarose gel. In addition, they showed a high incidence of cross-specificities with group-specific hyperimmune sera induced in both closely related and unrelated individuals. These precipitating cross-specificities could be explained for two systems by the interference of rheumatoid factor. Two idiotypic antibody systems have been analyzed in detail; these were restricted antibodies produced in a father and in one of his offspring. The methods employed included binding inhibition of radio-labeled homologous Fab fragments and hemagglutination inhibition with homologous idiotypic coat. The data demonstrated that only related rabbits produced, besides non-cross-reacting antibodies, idiotypically similar antibodies raised to the same antigen. About one-third of the cross-reactive idiotypes showed binding inhibition between 31 and 92%. Inhibition of binding above 50% in the paternal idiotypic system was only achieved by one offspring antibody whereas the F(1) progeny idiotypic system was inhibited to this extent by seven antibodies of related rabbits. In contrast, 87.5% and 91.7% of antibodies of unrelated rabbits were less than 20% inhibitory. Within this study two idiotypically identical antibodies have not been found. This implies that A-variant-specific antibodies of related rabbits which produced antipolysaccharide antibodies were structurally different. Cross-reaction, even if greater than 90% by binding inhibition, appears to involve only part and not all of the variable regions.


Interaction of human thymus-derived and non-thymus-derived lymphocytes in vitro. Induction of proliferation and antibody synthesis in B lymphocytes by a soluble factor released from antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Relatively pure populations of human T and B lymphocytes were obtained from blood and tonsils using density gradient centrifugation in bovine serum albumin. Antigen alone was incapable of triggering the B lymphocyte into blast transformation or to secrete antibody. However, supernatants from tetanus toxoid-stimulated T cells obtained from immune donors contained a factor mitogenic for B lymphocytes. 50-60% of B cells responded to this lymphocyte mitogenic factor (LMF) by proliferation, loss of C3 reactivity, and change to a secretory state. LMF-stimulated B cells exhibited a three- to fivefold increase in protein secretion and a six- to eightfold increase in gamma G globulin secretion. De novo secreted IgG had specificity directed to the tetanus toxoid present in the LMF containing T-cell supernatants. This was confirmed by an increase in the number of indirect plaque-forming cells to tetanus toxoid-coated sheep red blood cells after stimulation of B cells with LMF. It is proposed that in the course of the response to a previously encountered protein antigen, sensitized human T cells emit a signal in the form of a soluble product that, together with antigen, triggers B cells into division and antibody secretion. The experimental model utilized can be adapted to study human T-B cell cooperation under various conditions in normal individuals and in individuals with immunodeficiency diseases.


An electrophoretic difference between surface and secreted IgM of murine splenocytes. micro-chains on the surface of murine splenocytes are more heterogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than both secreted and intracellular micro-chains labeled with [(3)H]tyrosine. No difference in heterogeneity among cell surface, secreted, or intracellular L chains was detected. The possible role of carbohydrate in micro-chain heterogeneity is discussed.


Failure to demonstrate a humoral immune response to scrapie infection in mice.


An effector-cell independent step in target cell lysis by sensitized mouse lymphocytes.


An agglutination-flocculation test for rapid detection of hepatitis B antigen.


Identification of J-chain in polymeric immunoglobulins from a variety of species by cross-reaction with rabbit antisera to human J-chain.


Communication skills in five-year-old children with high-risk neonatal histories.


The health and nutritional status of children in Tabora region, Tanzania.


The fate of the hospitalized malnourished child in Iran.


A rural nutrition rehabilitation project at Kasangati health centre.


The operation and function of malwards in the Philippines.


Ancient linkage groups and frozen accidents.


Mitosis in the Crypyophyvrsr.

Mitosis in the Crypyophyvrsr.


An automatic film densitometer and some applications in the field of radiotherapy.


The psychiatric nurse as therapist. 3. Operant treatment of the long-term patient.


HL-A reagents from primates. I. Antigen preparation, immunization, and preliminary analysis of sera.


Granulocyte alkaline phosphatase activity: a measure of the emergence time of mature marrow neutrophils?


The treatment of terminal metamorphosis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia with corticosteroids and vincristine.


Spontaneous platelet aggregation in myeloproliferative disorders. A preliminary study.


A comparison of the three in vivo assays for haemopoietic stem cells.


Haemoglobin c in arabs in kuwait.

Haemoglobin c in arabs in kuwait.


Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase electrophoresis in Ghanaians with AA and SS haemoglobin.


Congenital thrombocytopathy (platelet factor 3 defect) with prolonged bleeding time but normal platelet adhesiveness and aggregation.


Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and beta-thalassemia in a Turkish child.


The levodopa test of growth hormone reserve in children.


Meningococcal meningitis following rifampin prophylaxis.


Congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle.


Physiologic and pathologic profiles of circulating human prolactin.


Onset of espundia after many years of occult infection with Leishmania braziliensis.


Pathology of the testis and epididymis in the late phase of experimental Chagas's disease.


Immunization with a zoophilic strain of Schistosoma japonicum: a re-evaluation of the Formosan strain of S. japonicum in rhesus monkeys.


Further observations on the primary paranasal aspergillus granuloma in the Sudan: a morphological study of 46 cases.


Experimental pulmonary edema following re-expansion of pneumothorax.


Miliary tuberculosis in a renal transplant recipient.


Exogenous reinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed by phage typing.


L-asparaginase activity in mycobacteria.


Background factors for casual isolation of Mycobacterium intracellulare from sputum of patients with tuberculosis.


Effect of age on the enzymes of tricarboxylic acid and related cycles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.


Effects of cord factor on pyrazinamide deamidase.


Fractionation of antigenic components of histoplasmin by disc electrophoresis.


Letter: Susceptibility tests and initial and primary drug resistance in tuberculosis.


Letter: Infection with Mycobacterium avium in monkeys.


Letter: Neurofibroma and nevoid basal cell carcinoma.


Endemic superficial pyoderma in children.


Jugular vein compression and elevation of perilymphatic fluid pressure.


Biochemical studies of the chromaffin granule. 3. Redistribution of lipid phosphate, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and chromogranin A after freezing and thawing of the isolated granule membranes.


Relevance of antigenicity of Candida albicans growth phases to diagnosis of systemic candidiasis. The antigenicity of the two growth phases of Candida albicans has been compared by using crossed immunoelectrophoresis and double-diffusion techniques. Qualitative and quantitative differences in antigenic composition between the phases have been revealed and moreover a specific mycelial antigenic component demonstrated.It is postulated that the use of specific mycelial antigens for routine diagnostic precipitin testing in patients with suspected systemic candidiasis would give more reliable results than at present obtained with yeast cell antigens.


The levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in human tissues as determined immunochemically.


Freeze-injury in bacteria.

Freeze-injury in bacteria.


Gliding motility of algae in unaffected by cytochalasin B.


Properties of two growth-stimulating proteins isolated from fetal calf serum.


Letter: Further evidence for a role of H202 in radiation sensitization of bacterial spores.


Influence of high-protein diets on renal function.


Resistance of Escherichia coli to penicillins: identification of the structural gene for the chromosomal penicillinase. A screening procedure was used to isolate a number of mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 with low penicillinase activity. By co-transduction with purA, three of the mutants were found to map near 82 min. Penicillinase was purified from one mutant and from a transductant with a temperature-sensitive enzyme. Comparison with wild-type penicillinase revealed similarities in the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test but differences in the catalytic properties. It is concluded that the mutations have occurred in the structural gene of the chromosomal penicillinase (designated ampC). Purified enzyme and a temperature-sensitive mutant were used to investigate whether the penicillinase has a physiological function related to biosynthesis or breakdown of murein. No positive evidence for any such function was obtained.


Conditions affecting the isolation from transformed cells of Bacillus subtilis of high-molecular-weight single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid of donor origin. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction procedure of Piechowska and Fox was evaluated to determine which steps are required for the isolation of high-molecular-weight single-stranded material from transformed cultures of Bacillus subtilis. The results indicate that high-molecular-weight single-stranded DNA can be isolated when certain basic proteins are present at the time of lysis. In the absence of such protective agents as lysozyme or cytC the single-stranded DNA is degraded. The single-stranded DNA can also be protected by being treated with lysozyme at low temperature. The high molecular weight of this single-stranded material and its kinetics of appearance are consistent with its being an intermediate in the transformation process.


Initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in a temperature-sensitive mutant of B. subtilis: evidence for a transcriptional step. A mutant of Bacillus subtilis unable to initiate a new round of replication at 45 C has been described. Here we show that inhibition of DNA synthesis in this mutant is reversible and that DNA synthesis is resumed at low temperature, even in the presence of chloramphenicol. Initiation of a new replication cycle thus can occur in the absence of protein synthesis. A thermolabile component required for initiation therefore appears to be synthesized at 45 C in an inactive form and can be activated at 30 C in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Although resistant to chloramphenicol, the reinitiation of replication occurring after lowering the temperature is sensitive to rifampin and streptolydigin.


Appearance of a ribonucleic acid polymerase-binding protein in asporogenous mutants of Bacillus subtilis. A 70,000-dalton protein that is found in sporulating Bacillus subtilis and that binds to ribonucleic acid polymerase is present in asporogenous mutants that proceed to or beyond stage II of sporulation, but is absent from mutants blocked at stage zero.


Kinetic analysis of the products of donor deoxyribonucleate in transformed cells of Bacillus subtilis. This paper describes the major transmutations of donor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) after uptake by competent Bacillus subtilis cells. Kinetic experiments confirm that after exposure to competent cells, donor DNA is converted to double-stranded fragments (DSF) which can be isolated as early as 30 s from the beginning of the reaction. At this time, DSF represent the only identifiable product of donor origin. After 1 to 2 min, DSF are converted to deoxyribonuclease-resistant forms, identified as single-stranded DNA fragments (SSF). SSF are intermediates in the transformation process leading to the formation of donor-recipient complex. This component makes its appearance between 2 to 4 min from the beginning of the transformation process. All the donor-recipient complexes found at the end of the reaction can be accounted for quantitatively by the DSF and the SSF found in the initial stages of transformation. A quantitative discussion of the transformation process is included.


Phycobilisomes from a blue-green alga Nostoc species. Phycobilisomes were isolated from a Nostoc sp. strain Mac in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) by treatment with 1% Brij 56 and centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients (2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 M in the proportions 6:4:4:10 ml, respectively). Absorption spectra of isolated phycobilisomes showed the presence of phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin. The phycobilisome pigments were partially resolved by electrophoresis on acrylamide gels. Stained gels demonstrated that each main protein band corresponded to a pigmented region. The phycobilisomes appeared compact with a rounded surface and flattened base (about 40-nm diameter) at the attachment site to the photosynthetic lamellae. Fixation in glutaraldehyde caused a significant reduction in total pigment absorption, as well as shifts in the absorption maxima, particularly that of phycoerythrin.


NH2-terminal amino acid distribution and amino acid composition of Streptococcus faecalis R soluble and ribosomal proteins. The NH(2)-terminal amino acid distribution of Streptococcus faecalis R soluble and ribosomal proteins isolated from cells at different stages of growth on either folate-sufficient or folate-deficient medium was determined by the dinitrophenyl method. The NH(2)-terminal residues do not follow the random distribution observed for the total amino acid composition of S. faecalis soluble and ribosomal proteins. Methionine and alanine occur most frequently; serine, threonine, aspartic and glutamic acids, and glycine are also present at the NH(2)-terminal position of S. faecalis R proteins. The absence of folic acid yields cells that are incapable of formylating methionyl-transfer ribonucelic acid tRNA(f) (Met), but does not affect either the qualitative or quantitative NH(2)-terminal distribution of total soluble or total ribosomal proteins compared to cells grown with folate. A small quantitative difference was observed in the frequency of distribution of certain amino acids at the NH(2)-termini between log and stationary phase soluble proteins. The amino acid residues found at the NH(2)-terminal position of S. faecalis proteins are qualitatively similar to those reported for several other organisms.


Gene-enzyme relationships of aromatic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Mutants have been isolated which correspond to every step concerned with the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids in Bacillus subtilis. Each mutant has been characterized, and the lesion it bore was analyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid transformation and PBS-1 mediated transduction. The biochemical analysis revealed that each of the mutations appears to have affected a single enzyme, except for two groups of pleiotropic mutations. All aroF mutants (chorismic acid synthetase) lack dehydroquinic acid synthetase (aroB) activity. The gene that specifies aroB is closely linked to the gene coding for the aroF enzyme. Both genes are a part of the aro cluster. Mutants lacking chorismate mutase activity also lack d-arabino-heptulosonic acid-7-phosphate synthetase and shikimate kinase activity, presumably as a result of these three activities forming a multi-enzyme complex. Another mutant, previously undescribed, had been isolated. The affected gene codes for the tyrosine and phenylalanine aminotransferase activity. All of the mutations have been located on the B. subtilis genome except those in the genes specifying shikimate kinase activity and tyrosine-phenylalanine aminotransferase activity.


Relationship between transformation in Bacillus subtilis and infection by bacteriophage SP02. When bacteriophage SP02 infects a Bacillus subtilis culture during or shortly after transformation, the frequency of transformants among the resulting lysogens is greatly reduced relative to that in the uninfected culture. The effect can occur after the deoxyribonucleic acid has been taken up and covalently attached to recipient deoxyribonucleic acid.


Effect of low-intensity light on growth response and bacteriochlorophyll concentration in Rhodospirillum rubrum mutant C. Photosynthesizing cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum mutant C underwent adaptation for growth in low-light conditions. During adaptation there was a transitory increase in the generation time and the bacteriochlorophyll a content of the cells.


Mode of action of glycine on the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. The mechanism of glycine action in growth inhibition was studied on eight different species of bacteria of various genera representing the four most common peptidoglycan types. To inhibit the growth of the different organisms to 80%, glycine concentrations from 0.05 to 1.33 M had to be applied. The inhibited cells showed morphological aberrations. It has been demonstrated that glycine is incorporated into the nucleotide-activated peptidoglycan precursors. The amount of incorporated glycine was equivalent to the decrease in the amount of alanine. With one exception glycine is also incorporated into the peptidoglycan. Studies on the primary structure of both the peptidoglycan precursors and the corresponding peptidoglycan have revealed that glycine can replace l-alanine in position 1 and d-alanine residues in positions 4 and 5 of the peptide subunit. Replacement of l-alanine in position 1 of the peptide subunit together with an accumulation of uridine diphosphate-muramic acid (UDP-MurNAc), indicating an inhibition of the UDP-MurNAc:l-Ala ligase, has been found in three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus cellobiosus and L. plantarum). However, discrimination against precursors with glycine in position 1 in peptidoglycan synthesis has been observed only in S. aureus. Replacement of d-alanine residues was most common. It occurred in the peptidoglycan with one exception in all strains studied. In Corynebacterium sp., C. callunae, L. plantarum, and L. cellobiosus most of the d-alanine replacing glycine occurs C-terminal in position 4, and in C. insidiosum and S. aureus glycine is found C-terminal in position 5. It is suggested that the modified peptidoglycan precursors are accumulated by being poor substrates for some of the enzymes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Two mechanisms leading to a more loosely cross-linked peptidoglycan and to morphological changes of the cells are considered. First, the accumulation of glycine-containing precursors may lead to a disrupture of the normal balance between peptidoglycan synthesis and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis during growth. Second, the modified glycine-containing precursors may be incorporated. Since these are poor substrates in the transpeptidation reaction, a high percentage of muropeptides remains uncross-linked. The second mechanism may be the more significant in most cases.


Accumulation of messenger ribonucleic acid specific for extracellular protease in Bacillus subtilis 168. Production of extracellular protease by Bacillus subtilis 168 in a medium containing low concentrations of amino acids is essentially linear, whereas in a medium containing high levels of amino acids the time course of production is biphasic. Cells harvested from the growth medium are capable of secreting enzyme for 30 min in the presence of rifampin, but the appearance of the enzyme is sensitive to chloramphenicol and pactamycin. The protease messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), nevertheless, appears to have a short half-life typical of bacterial messengers, and this indicates that these cells contain a relatively large pool of protease-specific mRNA. This pattern of results is identical to that observed previously with B. amyloliquefaciens. Because it has now been found in two distinct organisms, it is concluded that the accumulation of mRNA for extracellular protease, supported by rapid transcription, is a biologically meaningful phenomenon related to extracellular enzyme synthesis rather than aberrant behavior due to a transcriptional control mutation.


Effect of isoleucine, valine, or leucine starvation on the potential for formation of the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. The derepression of the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzymes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was examined under conditions of restriction of isoleucine, valine, or leucine (the three amino acids needed for multivalent repression of these enzymes). A procedure was used that allowed the measurement of enzyme-forming potential that accumulated during the starvation period, but could not be expressed unless the missing amino acid was supplied. The threonine deaminase (the product of the ilvA gene)-forming potential that accumulated under such conditions was found to be unstable and decayed with a half-life of about 2.5 min (at 37 C). Evidence was obtained that indicates the threonine deaminase-forming potential that accumulates under conditions of isoleucine starvation is in the form of initiated (rifampin-resistant), but uncompleted (actinomycin D-sensitive), messenger ribonucleic acid chains. Furthermore, it appears that a large portion of the threonine deaminase- and dehydrase (the product of the ilvD gene)-forming potential, under such conditions, is in the form of initiated polypeptide chains. Based on these results and results obtained with SuA(-) strains, a model is presented that explains how the second gene (D) in the ilvADE operon can be partially transcribed and translated under conditions in which there are no completed messenger ribonucleic acids for the gene (A) transcribed before it.


Genetics and biochemistry of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: linkage between mutations resulting in a requirement for uracil. A number of independently derived uracil-requiring mutant strains of the parent strain 168 were mapped by inter-mutant transformation crosses. Only a few of these mutant strains were found to be transformable. Studies were performed in which these transformable uracil-requiring mutant strains were used as the recipient of deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from phenotypically similar mutant strains. The results yielded data resulting in a fine-structure map in which all mutations were found to be linked in a small region corresponding to that previously published as the uracil region of the Bacillus subtilis genome.


Ribonucleic acid polymerase in a thermosensitive sporulation mutant (ts-4) of Bacillus subtilis. Partially synchronized cultures of a Bacillus subtilis thermosensitive sporulation mutant (ts-4) and the 168 try(-)try(-) (168tt) parental strain were infected with the virulent phage phie at various times during their growth cycle at 30 and 42 C (permissive and restrictive temperatures, respectively). It was shown that at the restrictive temperature the burst size in the parental strain was two- to threefold lower than in the ts-4 mutant. No such difference was observed at the permissive temperature. However, the time at which this difference was observed excludes a correlation between the burst size and initiation of the sporulation process. It was further found that the capacity to transcribe in vitro phage phie deoxyribonucleic acid by partially purified ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase from both strains decreased sharply if the source of enzyme was sporulating cells instead of vegetative ones. However, a similar decrease, although to a lesser extent, was observed with the RNA polymerase isolated from stationary-phase cells of the ts-4 mutant grown at the nonpermissive temperature, or with the enzyme derived from several other zero-stage sporulation mutants. At no time was a structural modification in the beta subunits of the RNA polymerase observed during growth of the sporulating bacteria. We have also shown that, in addition to the relatively low specific activity of the RNA polymerase, the level of the intracellular protease activity is about 15-fold lower in the ts-4 mutant grown at the restrictive temperature than that of the parental strain grown at the same temperature. At the permissive temperature no such difference was observed between these two strains. However, the present data do not allow us to establish a correlation among the low content of intracellular protease, the weak specific activity of the RNA polymerase, and the loss of the sporulation capacity in the ts-4 mutant grown at the restrictive temperature.


Genetic studies of leucine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. The mutations in a series of leucine auxotrophs isolated after treatment with nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet light, and ICR-191 have been mapped between ilvC and pheA on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. A fine structure map of the region was constructed by transformation. Analysis of several strains by assaying levels of their leucine bioysnthetic enzymes has shown that the region encodes three enzymes. The order of the genes with respect to the biosynthetic steps catalyzed by the gene products is 1-3-2.


Enzymes of the tryptophan pathway in three Bacillus species. The tryptophan synthetic pathway was characterized in three species of Bacillus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, and B. alvei. They share the common features of a pathway which is subject to tryptophan repression, contains no unexpected complexes among the five enzymes, exhibits dissociable anthranilate synthase enzymes which do not require phosphoribosyl transferase for amidetransfer activity, contains separate indoleglycerol phosphate synthase and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase enzymes, and contains similar tryptophan synthetase multimers. In looking at these characteristics in detail however, differences among the three species became apparent, as, for example, in the complementation observed between the alpha and beta(2) components of tryptophan synthetase, and the dissociation patterns of the large and small components of anthranilate synthase. The results demonstrate some pitfalls in attempting to compare multimeric enzymes in crude extracts from different organisms.


Regulation of leucine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. The biosynthesis of alpha-isopropylmalate (alphaIPM) synthetase, IPM isomerase, and betaIPM dehydrogenase in Bacillus subtilis can be derepressed in leucine auxotrophs by limiting them for leucine. The derepression of the three enzymes is apparently coordinate. A class of mutants resistant to 4-azaleucine excretes leucine and has derepressed levels of all three enzymes. The azaleucine-resistance mutations may lie in a gene (azlA) encoding a repressor. Efforts to find mutations characteristic of a constitutive operator have been unsuccessful. No polar mutations have been found among nine leucine auxotrophs that have characteristics of frameshift mutations. The enzyme catalyzing the first step in leucine biosynthesis, alphaIPM synthetase, is sensitive to feedback inhibition by leucine. We conclude that leucine biosynthesis is controlled by the inhibition of the activity of the first biosynthetic enzyme by leucine, and by the repression of the synthesis of the first three biosynthetic enzymes by leucine. The repression of the three enzymes may be under the control of a single repressor and a single operator, or of a single repressor and a separate operator for each structural gene.


Synchronous cultures of Bacillus subtilis obtained by filtration with glass fiber filters. A simple method of potentially wide applicability for obtaining synchronous cultures of Bacillus subtilis based on size selection is described. Using glass fiber filters, a population (about 1 to 2% of the parent population) can be obtained substantially enriched for small cells which grow synchronously. A method for rapidly concentrating dilute suspensions of cells is described.


Defined physiological conditions for the induction of the L-form of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Defined conditions are described which allowed luxuriant growth over continuous subculture of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in broth and on agar. Growth was equal to or surpassed that observed in Mueller-Hinton broth or on Mueller-Hinton blood agar. The final medium adopted consisted of medium 199 and a supplemental mixture of cysteine, glucose, and various salts. Addition of sodium bicarbonate or CO(2) enrichment was not required. For solidification, only agarose allowed growth of all strains; glutamic acid stimulated growth of two strains but was inhibitory for a third. The addition of 8% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 2% purified albumin, and penicillin resulted in induction of all three strains to the L-form with frequencies up to 0.3%. At present no induction to the L-form has been achieved in the absence of albumin. Various lots of PVP proved toxic in the defined medium, and extensive dialysis was required for good growth and L-form induction. Substitution of PVP with sucrose indicated a sucrose toxicity for the parental gonococcus even on the addition of albumin. L-form induction did occur on sucrose L-medium but at significantly lower frequencies. The colonies appeared 1 week later than those on PVP L-medium but at significantly lower frequencies. The colonies appeared 1 week later than those on PVP L-medium and remained very small and poorly developed.


Germination of Bacillus megaterium spores after various extraction procedures. The initiation of germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores, grown in supplemented nutrient broth, has been studied. The initiation properties depend on buffer concentrations and the particular batch of spores. Initiation in l-alanine, KBr, calcium dipicolinate, or in buffer alone increases as a function of the spore age; whereas initiation in glucose, l-leucine, or l-proline remains relatively constant. Extraction of spores with alkali, sodium dodecyl sulfate-dithiothreitol, or lithium diiodosalicylate removes variable amounts of dipicolinic acid, hexosamine, and protein. These extracted spores are still capable of initiation and, in some cases, initiation is stimulated. However, extraction of spores with 8 M urea-10% mercaptoethanol inhibits subsequent initiation.


Development of ultraviolet resistance in sporulating Bacillus cereus T. Ultraviolet (UV) resistance patterns of sporulating Bacillus cereus were determined. Six different categories of UV resistance were discernible as the organism progressed from exponential growth to the free, mature spore. Light microscope observations allowed the assignment of certain sporulation stages to specific UV resistance categories. Marked changes in UV resistance were associated with stages III, mid-IV, and post-IV of sporulation. Dipicolinic acid was shown to sensitize forespores to UV radiation. Mechanisms invoked to explain the different UV categories are discussed.


Growth properties of Rhodospirillum rubrum mutants and fermentation of pyruvate in anaerobic, dart conditions. Mutant C and G1 were obtained earlier from Rhodospirillum rubrum S(1) during growth in the dark under strict anaerobic conditions in medium containing sodium pyruvate. Mutant C and mutant G1 grew in the dark with generation times of 5.8 h and 4.6 h, respectively. Mutant C cells grew equally well when switched between anaerobic (dark or light) or aerobic, dark conditions. Mutant G1 cells grew only in the dark (anaerobic or aerobic conditions), but a fraction of cells in anaerobic, dark cultures grew when placed in light. This number increased about 3,000-fold when G1 cells were incubated aerobically in the dark. During anaerobic, dark growth, C and G1 organisms incorporated similar amounts of [2-(14)C]sodium pyruvate. About 34% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in lipid fractions from C cells that developed chromatophores during dark growth. Similar results were obtained using G1 cells, which formed only trace amounts of photosynthetic structures. Both mutants fermented sodium pyruvate and produced acetate, formate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas. Molar growth yield coefficients indicated that the cells obtained about 1 mol of adenosine triphosphate per mol of sodium pyruvate fermented. Results suggested that pyruvate fermentation during dark growth occurred via a pyruvate formate-lyase or the pyruvate ferredoxin-oxidoreductase pathway, or both.


Production and characterization of the slime polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The slime polysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a variety of human infections were investigated. Slime production in culture seemed optimal when adequate amounts of carbohydrate were present and under conditions of either high osmotic pressure or inadequate protein supply. The polysaccharides produced by the organisms were similar to each other, to the slime of Azotobacter vinelandii, and to seaweed alginic acids. They were composed of beta-1,4-linked d-mannuronic acid residues and variable amounts of its 5-epimer l-guluronic acid. All bacterial polymers contained o-acetyl groups which are absent in the alginates. The polysaccharides differed considerably in the ratio of mannuronic to guluronic acid content and in the number of o-acetyl groups. The particular composition of the slime was not found to be characteristic for the disease process from which the mucoid variants of P. aeruginosa were obtained.


Effects of leucine starvation on control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in strains of Bacillus subtilis differing in deoxyribonucleic acid regulation. When starved for leucine, strains of Bacillus subtilis do not complete chromosome replication to the terminus. The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) made poststarvation is characteristic of the strain. In this study, four strains differing in their DNA response were examined for ribonucleic acid (RNA) regulation during leucine starvation. Each of the strains was judged to be stringent for RNA control based on the amount of RNA made poststarvation. Sucrose gradient profiles on RNA made with and without leucine starvation support this conclusion. Accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate during leucine starvation showed no correlation with the amount of DNA synthesized. We concluded that modulation control of DNA synthesis during leucine starvation is independent of RNA control.


New method for the isolation of membranes from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Mycoplasma gallisepticum lysed readily in carbonate bicarbonate buffer at pH 9.2 to 10.5. The hemagglutination titer of the lysates was 2- to 16-fold greater than a cell suspension at the same protein concentration in buffered saline. Membranes prepared from cells lysed by this method at pH 10 were relatively free from cytoplasmic contaminants as shown by electron microscopy of thin sections. The membranes retained their hemagglutination activity, gave reactions in immunodiffusion tests identical to those obtained by osmotic lysis and sonic treatment, and showed a similar pattern of protein bands by polyacrylamide disk electrophoresis. When inoculated into rabbits, the membranes gave rise to antibodies active in growth-, metabolic- and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. On the average, membranes obtained by lysis at pH 10 contained 44% of the original cell protein. The method is simple, giving high yields of membranes, and may be adaptable to other mycoplasmas.


Ascorbate oxidase. Further studies on the purification of the enzyme.


D-alanine carboxypeptidase from Bacillus subtilis membranes. I. Purification and characterization.


D-alanine carboxypeptidase from Bacillus subtilis membranes. II. Interaction with penicillins and cephalosporins.


The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids by bacilli. V. In vivo substrate specificities of fatty acid desaturases.


Effect of diamide on growth of selected bacteria.


Serum "beta 1A" levels in older humans.

Serum "beta 1A" levels in older humans.


Gastrostomy in laryngology.

Gastrostomy in laryngology.


Synthetic penicillins. Heterocyclic analogs of ampicillin. Structure-activity relationships.


Metabolism of aspartame in monkeys.

Metabolism of aspartame in monkeys.


Effect of aspartame on phenylalanine metabolism in the monkey.


Relationship of C-reactive protein in autologous plasma of cancer patients and choline phosphate in lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin.


Erythromycin therapy twice daily for streptococcal pharyngitis. Controlled comparison with erythromycin or penicillin phenoxymethyl four times daily or penicillin G benzathine.


Habitat selection in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster.


In vitro activity of carbenicillin against Pseudomonas using the disc diffusion method.


Accumulation of hepatic mitochondria in 2-methyl-4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene fed rats as a result of decreased degradation.


Editorial: Get in there and replant.

Editorial: Get in there and replant.


Vasopressin and neurophysin: high concentrations in monkey hypophyseal portal blood. Vasopressin and its binding protein, neurophysin, were measured by radioimmunoassay in the hypophyseal portal blood of monkeys after cannulation of individual long portal veins. Mean vasopressin concentrations (13,800 picograms per milliliter) in portal blood were more than 300 times as high as those in the systemic circulation (42 picograms per milliliter). Neurophysin concentration was approximately 25 times as high in portal as in systemic blood. By immunoperoxidase techniques, high concentrations of neurophysin were demonstrated around portal capillaries of the median eminence. These studies indicate direct secretion of vasopressin and neurophysin into the portal circulation; the quantities secreted during stress may be sufficient to exert significant effects on secretion of anterior pituitary hormone.


Proteins induced in Bacillus subtilis infected with bacteriophage phi 29.


Presence of antibodies to double-stranded RNA in sera of rabbits immunized with rice dwarf and maize rough dwarf viruses.


Japanese encephalitis virus glycoproteins.


Protein synthesis in Japanese encephalitis virus-infected cells.


Serum LH during ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles in macaques.


A cross-species comparison of status in small established groups.


Pharmacokinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C) deamination in several species.


Homoserine dehydrogenase of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Enzyme polymerization in the presence and absence of threonine.


Binding of silver sulfadiazine to the cellular components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Preparation and assay of glutathione thiol esters. Survey of human liver glutathione thiol esterases.


Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. Turnover in rat heart, skeletal muscle, and liver.


Effects of metals on the properties of hepatic microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase.


Evolutionary stability of the histone genes of sea urchins.


Carbon monoxide production from hydroxocobalamin by bacteria.


Quenching of protein fluorescence by oxygen. Detection of structural fluctuations in proteins on the nanosecond time scale.


Interrelation of the urinary trypsin inhibitor to human plasma inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor.


The acyl-carrier protein of citrate lyase.


An unusual type of bacterial cell-wall in a mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168.


On the reconstitution of photophosphorylation in chloroplast membranes.


Studies on the sensitization of animals with simple chemical compounds. XIV. Further studies on sensitization of guinea pigs with picric acid.


Systemic and urinary immune response in experimental E. coli pyelonephritis of mice.


Skin reactions induced by sera of patients with monoclonal IgG gammapathy.


Sterilization of anesthesia apparatus.

Sterilization of anesthesia apparatus.


Glycosphingolipids of membrane fractions from normal and transplanted canine kidney.


Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteriophage SP01-infected Bacillus subtilis. II. Purification and catalytic properties of a deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase induced after infection.


Proteolytic conversion of the molecular forms of bovine milk galactosyltransferase.


Effects of castration and replacement therapy on sexual behavior of adult male rhesuses.


Chromatographic behaviour of mouse spleen cells on glass bead columns.


Avoidance learning in phenylketonuric monkeys.


Visual sensitivity following inferotemporal and foveal prestriate lesions in the rhesus monkey.


Pteridines. 2. New 6,7-disubstituted pteridines as potential antimalarial and antitumor agents.


Metastable secondary structures in ribosomal RNA molecular hysteresis in the acid-base titration of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA.


Effects of pollution on freshwater fish.


Biologic aspects of endodontics. V. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation beyond the apex and root canal fillings short of and beyond the apex.


T3 thyrotoxicosis.

T3 thyrotoxicosis.


Gout.

Gout.


The cerebrospinal fluid in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.


Determination of revised Air Force permissible exposure levels for laser radiation.


Immunologic studies of antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII). V. Immunologic properties of AHF subunits produced by salt dissociation.


Bilateral meningococcal endophthalmitis.


Lymphocytes forming red cell rosettes in the cold in patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease.


Patterns of new chronicity in a mental hospital.


Editorial: Smallpox eradication.

Editorial: Smallpox eradication.


Indwelling catheter infection.

Indwelling catheter infection. A "catheter team", consisting of two hospital assistants specially trained to catheterize male patients, inserted indwelling catheters in 435 men over a two-year period. The infection rate was 33%; in the 200 patients not treated with antimicrobial drugs (study group) the rate was 37%, while in the 235 patients who were so treated (antibacterial group) the infection rate was 29%. Fifty percent of patients not treated were infected after 6.3 days, whereas in patients on antibacterial therapy a 50% infection rate was not reached until 14 days after insertion. Therefore, no antibacterial therapy is necessary if it is anticipated that the catheter will be necessary for less than four days. On the other hand, prophylactic antibacterial therapy would delay the onset of infection considerably if catheterization were expected to continue for more than four days. Sulfisoxazole was our drug of choice for prophylactic treatment.


[Report on the use of a portable gas-cooling ophthalmic cryo-coagulator].


Experimental infective pneumoconiosis: effect of asbestos dust and Candida albicans infection on the lungs of rhesus monkeys.


Function of adrenal gland-zona fasciculata in rats receiving polychlorinated biphenyls.


Modulation of masseteric and digastric neural activity by stimulation of the dorsolateral cerebral cortex in the squirrel monkey.


Spinal and cortical inhibition of intestinal motility in the squirrel monkey.


A comparative study of isocyclic hydrocarbons in animals and in man.


Disposition of clonixin (2-(3-chloro-o-toluidino) nicotinic acid) in humans.


A comparison of chlorpromazine, imipramine, morphine and d-amphetamine self-administration in cocaine-dependent rhesus monkeys.


Delayed repair of esophageal atresia with T-E fistula in two premature infants. Use of a jejunostomy as an alternative to intravenous alimentation.


Embryo transfer and sensitivity to teratogenesis.


Enhancement of metabolic coronary dilatation by aspirin-like substances by suppression of prostaglandin feedback control?


Further investigations into the teratogenic potential of imperfect potatoes.


Multivariate analysis of the Dryopithecus africanus forelimb.


Intracranial mycotic aneurysms and subacute bacterial endocarditis in heroin addiction.


Brain abscess from septic cerebral embolism: an experimental model.


Experience in the treatment of hepatic failure by intermittent liver hemoperfusions.


Impaired function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with burns and other trauma.


Experience with intensive surveillance of urinary tract infection.


Triglyceride and free fatty acid clearances in patients receiving complete parenteral nutrition using a ten per cent soybean oil emulsion.


Prevention of postoperative intestinal adhesions in primates.


A kwashiorkor-like syndrome in hospitalized patients.


Effect of treatment on the development of vascular lesions in the hypertensive rat.


Undifferentiated mononuclear cell in human embryonic liver; presumptive hematopoietic stem cell.


Morphological modifications of the frog bladder induced by non ionic detergents (Rana pipiens L.).


Microbody (peroxisome) matrix: transformation into tubular structures.


Total intravenous alimentation.

Total intravenous alimentation.


Antibiotic usage and microbial resistance in an intensive care nursery.


Immunologic significance of aspergillin antigens of six species of Aspergillus in the serodiagnosis of aspergillosis.


Nosocomial pneumonia. A continuing major problem.


Response of Mycobacteria to ultraviolet light radiation.


Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of antigenic constituents of Seibert fractions of mycobacterial culture filtrates. Identification with the proposed United States-Japan reference nomenclature.


The labeling of nucleic acids by radioactive precursors in the blue-green algae Anacystis nidulans and Synechocystis aquatilis Sanv.


The pathway of carbon dioxide assimilation in Rhodospirillum rubrum grown in turbidostat continuous-flow culture.


Optics and visual physiology.

Optics and visual physiology.


Experimental protein-energy malnutrition in baby baboons. 2. Liver pathology.


Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 3. Differential rates of passage of water and dry matter from the reticulo-rumen, abomasum and caecum and proximal colon.


Comparison of the development of proteolytic activity in the abomasum of the preruminant calf with that in the stomach of the young rabbit and guinea-pig.


Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 4. Passage of marker through the alimentary tract and the biological relevance of rate-constants derived from the changes in concentration of marker in faeces.


Circulating "big" insulin in protein-energy malnutrition.


Evaluation of several geometric models for estimation of left ventricular circumferential wall stress.


Detection of collagen degradation products in bone.


Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of whole or fractionated gram-negative bacterial endotoxin in the unanesthetized Rhesus monkey.


Suggestions for economic survival.

Suggestions for economic survival.


Enzyme-linked immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein by competitive and sandwich procedures.


Serum immunoglobulin levels in farmer's lung disease.


Platelet factor 4--antiheparin protein releasable from platelets. Purification and properties.


The effect of amino acid solutions of differing composition on the nitrogen balance of postoperative patients.


Comparison of final filtration devices.

Comparison of final filtration devices.


Acute forms of tuberculosis.

Acute forms of tuberculosis.


Evaluation of acute chest pain.

Evaluation of acute chest pain.


Drug additive compatibility--a manufacturer's concern.


Pleiotropic nature of bacteriophage tolerant mutants obtained in early-blocked asporogenous mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168.


Demonstration of Aleutian mink disease virus in cell culture.


The effects of polychlorinated biphenyl on longevity of bobwhite quail (Collinus virginianus): a sex differential.


Experimental emphysema in rats: elastolytic titer of inducing enzyme as determinant of the response.


In vivo stimulation of prolactin release in the rat by synthetic TRH.


Structure and biologic functions of human IgD. II. Alteration of serum IgD levels during pregnancy.


Solubilization and purification of human erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase.


Teratogenic effects of carcinogen implantation in a regenerative field in Bufo arenarum tadpoles.


Nourishing the solute-sensitive patient.


Immunological responses in the mole rat (Spalax leucodon). II. Serum proteins of nonimmunized mole rats.


Humoral autoimmune response against rabbit male accessory glands elicited by untreated and chemically modified rabbit seminal plasma.


Distribution of tubercle bacilli with various degrees of drug-resistance in the organs of guinea pigs.


Absence of correlation between haemolysing splenic cell numbers and resistance to cancer induction by methylcholanthrene.


Physicochemical studies of microbial cell walls. I. Comparative electrophoretic behavior of intact cells and isolated cell walls.


Present status of one-stage pharyngo-esophageal diverticulectomy.


Identification of presumptive histone messenger RNA in rapidly labelled polysomal RNA of mouse myelomas.


Regulation of pancreatic alpha-amylase in the neonatal mouse.


Perinatal brain damage: porencephaly in a cynomolgous monkey.


Characterization of newborn leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.


Intrauterine pneumonia. An experimental study.


The occurrence of anterior open bites in captive- and wild-born monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).


Protein and nucleic acid metabolism in insect fat body.


Electrophoretic and antigenic properties of turtle myoglobins.


Genetic programming for development in Drosophila.


The politics of developing a national health policy.


Health care in the United States: who pays?


Resource allocation, equality of access, and health.


The origins of health insurance for the aged.


More money into the medical sector: is this the answer?


Ontogeny and localization of the crystallins during embryonic lens development in Xenopus laevis.


Allergens from short ragweed leaf tissue cultures.


Isolation and growth characteristics of cell lines from bovine venous endothelium.


A serologic comparison of bat complements.


Quantitative variation in erythrocyte enzymes of the pig-tailed macaque, Macaca nemestrina.


Ectopic splenic nodules in the pancreas of a capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons).


Nosematosis in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).


Bacterial virus contamination of fetal bovine sera.


A new taxonomic tool: serological reactions in cross-immunized baboons.


Genetic markers and baboon biology.

Genetic markers and baboon biology.


A preliminary survey of the nematode parasites of some imported Old-World monkeys.


Changes in aortic medial elastic structure at different sites in the primates Erythrocebus patas, Macaca irus and Callithrix jacchus.


A restraining device for use when recording electrocardiograms in monkeys.


Confirmatory studies in the prenatal diagnosis of sphingolipidoses.


Heterologous immunity in human malaria.

Heterologous immunity in human malaria.


The microscope in the history of pathology. With a note on the pathology of fat cells.


Antor-pyloric gastrinoma associated with pancreatic nesidioblastosis and proliferation of islets.


Studies on dentinogenesis in the rat. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) inhibits crystal growth in predentin calcification.


The use of viruses for the control of insect pests and disease vectors. Report of a joint FAO-WHO meeting on insect viruses.


Pancreatic and hepatic ultrastructure in offspring of rabbits with protein malnutrition.


Estimation of immunoreactive insulin in serum, heparinized and EDTA-plasma.


Trabeculectomy in the owl monkey.

Trabeculectomy in the owl monkey.


Protective effect of anti-mouse-skin-epithelium rabbit-IgG on survival of mouse-skin homografts.


Animal studies on the kinetics of benzidine and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine.


Enzymes of the glucuronic acid pathway in wistar and gunn rats and their heterozygotes.


Suppression of transcription of the ribosomal RNA cistrons of Drosophila melanogaster in a structurally rearranged chromosome.


Alkaline phosphatase of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Biochemical comparison among four allelic forms.


A proteinase and proteinase inhibitor of mammalian sperm acrosomes.


Characterization of acid phosphatase-1 null activity mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.


Hormonal regulation of rat uterine glycogen metabolism.


Soluble intracrystalline polysaccharides from coccoliths of Coccolithus huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner (I).


Analysis of proliferation and differentiation of foetal granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in haemopoietic tissue.


Survival of certain microorganisms subjected to rapid and very rapid freezing on membrane filters.


Circulating conversion products of C3 in liver disease. Evidence for in vivo activation of the complement system.


Demonstration of the production of the long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) by peripheral lymphocytes cultured in vitro.


The occurrence of ribothymidine, 1-methyladenosine, methylated guanosines and the corresponding methyltransferases in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.


Immunological studies in the multiple hemoglobins of tadpole and frog of Rana catesbeiana.


Antibodies to rat brain choline acetyltransferase: species and organ specificity.


The molecular status of the large polypeptides of erythrocyte membranes.


Day care meets geriatric needs.

Day care meets geriatric needs.


Parvoviruses.

Parvoviruses.


Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis measles virus: study of biological markers. Comparative studies between two measles virus strains isolated from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and a prototype low tissue culture passage Edmonston measles virus are described. Differences were noted in several properties. The findings described in this report suggest that strains of measles virus associated with SSPE have different biological properties and apparently cannot be distinguished from laboratory and field strains of the virus.


An R.N.

An R.N.


Estimation of total body potassium in normal adolescents by whole-body counting: age and sex differences.


Advances in surgery.

Advances in surgery.


Role of external support in the prevention of ankle sprains.


Advances in the treatment of infectious diseases.


Simultaneous extraction of RNA and DNA from rat liver with cupric sulfate.


Preparation of an IgM and IgA enriched fraction for clinical use.


Adrenocortical cells in rats bearing a corticosterone secreting tumor.


Effect of hypoxia on the fine structure of the catecholamine-storing cells of the human fetal paraganglia.


Light and electron microscopic studies of rat kidney after administration of inhibitors of the citric acid cycle in vivo. Changes in the pars recta during fluorocitrate poisoning.


The use of xylitol in long-term parenteral nutrition in dogs.


Effect of polyphloretin-phosphate, an inhibitor of prostaglandins, on the spontaneous and induced motility of isolated rat uterus.


The independent functions of the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle.


Frostbite. A discussion of the problem and a review of an Alaskan experience.


Ciliary activity in the human and Macaca nemestrina oviduct.


Alpha-foetoprotein: purification on sepharose-linked concanavalin-A.


A human IgG myeloma protein crystallizing with rhombohedral symmetry.


Transcription specificity of an RNA polymerase fraction from bacteriophage SP01-infected B. subtilis.


Serum beta2-microglobulin levels in normal children and sex-linked agammaglobulinemia patients.


Radiosensitization of bacterial spores by potassium permanganate.


The pancreatic beta-cell recognition of insulin secretagogues. Inhibitory effects of a membrane probe on the islet uptake and insulin-releasing action of glibenclamide.


Mechanism for lysozyme-catalyzed hydrolysis.


Laboratory diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis.


Interaction of glutaraldehyde with spheroplasts of Escherichia coli.


Gliding motility in some non-spreading flexibacteria.


Measurement of heat resistance parameters for spores isolated from canned products.


Concanavalin A increases the strength of baby hamster kidney cell attachment to substratum. The strength of attachment of normal and transformed baby hamster kidney cells was markedly increased when attached cells were treated with concanavalin A (Con A). The cells became less sensitive to detachment by physical shear or by treatment with trypsin or EDTA; however, their morphology, as observed by phase contrast microscopy, did not change. The effects of Con A were prevented by the simultaneous addition of either D-glucose or alpha-methyl-D-glucoside with the Con A. Also addition of these reagents to the attached cells after Con A treatment partially reversed the effects caused by Con A. Pre-treatment of the culture flasks with Con A before cell attachment resulted in an increase in the strength of cell attachment to the culture flasks as compared to untreated controls.


Aporphines. 8. Total synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of (plus or minus)-apomorphine, (plus or minus)-apocodeine, (plus or minus)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine, and (plus or minus)-N-n-propylnorapocodeine.


Synthesis and antitumor and antibacterial activity of benzoquinones related to the mitomycins.


Pyrrole antibacterial agents. 1. Compounds related to pyoluteorin.


14Alpha, 17 alpha-alkylidenedioxy steroids. 2. 19-Nor-9 alpha, 10 beta- and 19-nor-9 beta, 10 alpha-progesterone analogs.


Terminal riboadenylate transferase: a poly A polymerase in purified vaccinia virus. Purified vaccinia virus treated with Triton X-100 catalyzes the incorporation of ATP into an acid-insoluble product. The enzymatic activity responsible for the ATP polymerization is demonstrated to be different from vaccinia RNA polymerase in its preferential use of ATP as substrate and on the basis of heat stability, pH optima, and metal ion requirement. The ATP polymerization reaction is stimulated 10-fold by the addition of rA(pA)(5.) In accordance with our earlier terminology, we call this Mn(2+)-dependent enzyme terminal riboadenylate transferase to distinguish it from Mg(2+)-dependent poly A polymerase.


Effect of nalidixic acid on PBS2 bacteriophage infection of Bacillus subtilis. Infection of Bacillus subtilis by PBS2 phage, whose DNA contains uracil instead of thymine, is relatively unaffected by low concentrations of nalidixic acid which severely inhibit B. subtilis DNA synthesis. High concentrations of nalidixic acid do inhibit PBS2 DNA synthesis, but more severely reduce the burst size of PBS2 infections. Hydroxyurea blocks PBS2 DNA synthesis, preventing progeny phage production.


Specificity of formation of complexes between coat protein and bacteriophage f2 RNA. The specificity of formation of phage f2 RNA-protein complexes was studied. Complex I contains up to 8 mol of coat protein per 1 mol of RNA. Its formation proceeds equally well in medium (i) without magnesium ions, (ii) containing magnesium ions, (iii) containing 4 mM EDTA, and (iv) at temperatures from 0 to 45 C. Complex II contains up to 200 mol of coat protein per 1 mol of RNA. Its formation is inhibited by the presence of magnesium ions in medium. Formaldehyde- or methoxyamine-treated f2 RNA in which only exposed bases were modified showed a normal pattern of complex II formation, whereas formation of complex I was inhibited or abolished. We conclude that complex I formation involves the interaction between coat protein and specific region of exposed bases in RNA. A possible site of attachment of coat protein is discussed.


Replication of dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus cell culture. The replication of type 2 dengue (D-2) virus in Aedes albopictus (Aal) mosquito cell cultures differed from that in vertebrate (LLC-MK2) rhesus monkey kidney cells. Virus readily replicated in Aal cells at either 30 or 37 C, but had no apparent effect on the host cell. Persistent infection was established with continual virus production for at least 6 months, although the virulence of progeny virus for both suckling mice and LLC-MK2 cells became attenuated. Density gradient analysis of infected Aal cell supernatant products indicated that only complete virus was released, in contrast to infected LLC-MK2 cells which also released incomplete virus. The surface antigens of the virus produced in Aal cells appeared to be considerably modified in that antiserum to vertebrate cell-produced D-2 virus did not block hemagglutination, whereas anti-Aal cell antiserum did. Virus infectivity could be neutralized by the antiserum to D-2 virus grown in vertebrate cells, however. Virus produced in LLC-MK2 cells did not demonstrate a similar host-cell modification. These results may reflect a difference in the mechanism by which D-2 virus matures in Aal cells.


Hand, foot and mouth disease: an outbreak with interesting virological features.


An evaluation of the use of sensitized latex particles for the detection of the hepatitis-associated antigen.


Acute inhalation toxicology and proposed emergency exposure limits of nitrogen trifluoride.


Induced reversible pigment alteration in Stentor coeruleus.


The role of acrocentric chromosomes in nucleolar organization. II. Constancy of the nucleolar area independent of the number of acrocentric chromosomes in meningioma cell cultures.


Fine structure and silver-staining patterns of lysosome-like bodies in absorptive cells of the small intestine in normal children and children with a lysosomal storage disease.


Further studies on the ultrastructure of the pars distalis of castrated male mice pituitary.


Platelets and carbon clearance rates in rabbits affected by a tubercle bacillary lipid or endotoxin.


Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration-induced involution of the rat prostate.


Teratocarcinoma with the capacity for differentiation restricted to neuro-ectodermal tissue.


Degeneration and regeneration of the adrenergic nerves in the rat iris induced by dihydroxytryptamines.


Proliferation of epithelial cells in the jejunal crypts of adrenalectomized and adrenocortical hormone treated rats.


Effect of an a' aqueous extract of small intestinal mucosa on the G-2 phase of jejunal proliferative cells in mice.


Visualization of human glomerular changes by scanning electron microscopy.


Effects of azide, thioglycollic acid, and nitrosoguanidine on growth and nitrogen fixation in different clones of the blue-green alga Cylindrospermum majus.


Descent of cerevrospinal fluid to spinal subarachnoid space.


Lactose feeding and lactase deficiency.

Lactose feeding and lactase deficiency.


Microbial contamination of the gut: another feature of malnutrition.


Serum vitamin A in protein-calorie malnutrition.


Plasma amino acid curve in rats force-fed a single meal lacking an essential amino acod.


Lactose feeding in lactose-intolerant monkeys.


Lens depression and aqueous outflow in enucleated primate eyes.


Ascending and descending optic atrophy produced experimentally in squirrel monkeys.


Cloverleaf skull syndrome.

Cloverleaf skull syndrome.


Norrie's disease (hereditary oculo-acoustic-cerebral degeneration). Report of a United States family.


Epiphrenic diverticula. An analysis of 80 cases.


Immune response of the bovine fetus to several antigens.


Thiosulfate and survival of Leptospira autumnalis Akiyami A.


Thyroid abnormalities in renal failure. A study of 53 patients on chronic hemodialysis.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in cancer patients.


Immunocompetence of patients with protein-calorie malnutrition. The effects of nutritional repletion.


Pathogenesis of "transplant lung". I. Interstitial pulmonary edema.


Red-cell fluid and electrolytes during hemorrhagic shock in the monkey.


Pseudomyxoma peritonaei: a report of ten cases.


Chlorpromazine treatment of disturbed monkeys.


The phenogenetics of a super-suppressor in Drosophila melanogaster. 3. Suppression at individual loci.


The melanocyte system of cattle skin. II. Melanotic melanocytes of epidermis and dermis.


A survey of the genitalia of bulls in Northern Australia.


Differences in eukaryotic ribosomes detected by the selective action of an antibiotic.


Effect of the administration of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid on albumin and transferrin biosynthesis by liver slices of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride.


Studies on the biological properties of coelomic fluid of sea urchin. I. Naturally occurring hemolysin in sea urchin.


Differences in the content of chondroitin sulfate C and chondroitin sulfate A in the epiphysial growth cartilages of human vertebrae and long bones.


Adenylate cyclase activity in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Effects of agents which alter rates of insulin secretion.


Coordination of heme and globin synthesis in primate reticulocytes.


Letter: 23Na interaction with bacterial surfaces: a comment on nuclear magnetic resonance invisible signals.


Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.


Survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an artificial subcutaneous cavity of the mouse.


Growth and effect of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in organ cultures.


Transgrow (Clinicult) in the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea.


Incidence of gonorrhoea in Denmark, 1957-1971.


Vancomycin-sensitive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A problem for the diagnostic laboratory.


Collagenolytic activities of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.


Microsomal metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and the cytochrome P-450 dependency of its activation to a mutagen.


The effect of haemodialysis on the binding capacity of albumin.


The use of polymerized antisera for the determination of human placental alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy sera.


A sensitive radioimmunoassay for thyrotropin releasing hormone.


Factors in blood influencing the determination of thyrotropin releasing hormone.


Evaluation of a specific protein analyser.


Work simplification of a competitive protein binding analysis for serum thyroxine. A study of some analytical variables affecting accuracy and precision.


Plasma thyrotropin levels in severe infantile malnutrition.


Prolactin production by monkey (Macaca mulatta) anterior pituitaries cultured in vitro.


Loss of immunoreactivity of human serum parathyroid hormone by the action of rat kidney enzyme, preferentially hydrolyzing parathyroid hormone.


Effect of EDTA on utilization of dietary zinc by G-F swine.


Pony cecum vs. steer rumen: the effect of oats and hay on the microbial ecosystem.


Mathematical model of a head subjected to an angular acceleration.


Defective ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in von Willebrand's disease and its correction by factor VIII. The antibiotic ristocetin, in concentrations of 1.0-1.5 mg/ml, aggregated normal platelets in citrated platelet-rich plasma by a mechanism in which the release reaction played only a minor role. Platelet aggregation by ristocetin in a concentration of 1.2 mg/ml was absent or markedly decreased in 10 patients with von Willebrand's disease. Lesser degrees of abnormality were obtained with a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml. The magnitude of the defect in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation correlated well with the degree of abnormality of the bleeding time and the levels of antihemophilic factor (AHF, VIII(AHF)) procoagulant activity. In all patients, the defect in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was corrected in vitro by normal plasma. Correction was also obtained with a fraction of normal cryoprecipitate that eluted in the void volume with VIII(AHF) after chromatography on a gel that excludes molecules larger than 5 x 10(6). A similar fraction, devoid of VIII(AHF) activity, obtained from patients with von Willebrand's disease had no corrective effect, but fractions obtained from patients with hemophilia were just as effective as those obtained from normal subjects. The correction activity of plasma and partially purified factor VIII was inhibited by a rabbit antibody to human factor VIII but not by a human antibody against VIII(AHF) procoagulant activity. The studies provide further evidence that patients with von Willebrand's disease are deficient in a plasma factor that is necessary for normal platelet function. The activity of this factor appears to be associated with factor VIII but is unrelated to VIII(AHF) procoagulant activity.


Evidence that the ciliary inhibitor of cystic fibrosis is not an antibody. An inhibitor of ciliary activity is present in the serum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and heterozygotes. Fractionation of CF serum has indicated that the inhibitor is associated with the serum IgG fraction. This study compared the activity of the CF inhibitor to that of rabbit antibody preparations directed against oyster cilia. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the ciliary inhibitory mechanism in cystic fibrosis is related to a typical immunological reaction. Results from experiments utilizing fluorescent antibody techniques demonstrated that an antiserum directed against oyster ciliated epithelium binds immunologically with both human bronchial and oyster epithelial tissue. Results from experiments utilizing immunofluorescent tracing, passive hemagglutination, double immunodiffusion, and papain digestion, however, indicated that the interaction between the oyster cilia and the CF serum inhibitor was not a typical antigen-antibody reaction.


Antihemophilic factor antigen. Localization in endothelial cells by immunofluorescent microscopy. The tissue localization of antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) has been determined by immunofluorescent studies using monospecific rabbit antibody to human AHF. Specific staining demonstrating AHF antigens has been identified in endothelial cells of a wide range of human tissues. The staining pattern was observed in endothelial cells of arteries, capillaries, and veins as well as the cells lining hepatic and splenic sinusoids. Specific fluorescence was limited to these endothelial cells in sections of kidney, liver, spleen, lymph node, cardiac and smooth muscle, thyroid, umbilical cord, and skin. Absorption studies established that the staining was specific for cells in which there were proteins that had AHF antigens. The demonstration of fluorescence within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells suggests that these cells synthesize proteins that have AHF antigens.


Interrelationships between the human alveolar macrophage and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Alveolar macrophages lavaged from human lungs contain protease activity at an optimum pH of 3.0 and possibly a lesser peak of activity at pH 5.5. Protease activity measured at pH 4.1 is inhibited by purified alpha-1-antitrypsin. Fluorescent antibody studies of human alveolar macrophages showed that alpha-1-antitrypsin is present in normal alveolar macrophages. In addition, macrophages from a patient with a homozygous deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin exhibited less fluorescence when incubated in autologous serum than the same macrophages incubated in normal serum. Macrophages from normal subjects showed maximal fluorescence when removed from the lung and additional incubation with serum did not increase fluorescence. These results implicate the human alveolar macrophage as a possible source of an enzyme that may cause emphysema in patients deficient in alpha-1-antitrypsin. They also show that alpha-1-antitrypsin has access to the alveolus in normal subjects.


Suppression of pituitary TSH secretion in the patient with a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule. 10 patients with a single hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule each were studied for pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) suppression. They were judged to be euthyroid on clinical grounds. The total thyroxine (T(4)D), free thyroxine (FT(4)), total triiodothyronine (T(3)D), and free triiodothyronine (FT(3)) were normal in most of the patients. Incorporation of (131)I into the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules was not suppressed by the administration of physiological doses of T(3). Basal serum TSH concentrations were undetectable (<0.5 - 1.0 muU/ml) in all patients. The metabolic clearance of TSH in one patient before and after excision of the thyroid nodule was unchanged (40 vs. 42 ml/min) whereas the calculated production rate was undetectable before the operation (<29 mU/day) and normal after (103 mU/day). These data, in one patient, suggest that the undetectable concentration of TSH in these patients is a result of suppressed TSH secretion rather than accelerated TSH clearance. In eight patients, basal serum TSH concentrations failed to increase after the intravenous administration of 200 mug of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); minimal increases in serum TSH concentrations were observed in two patients. The suppression of TSH was evident despite "normal" concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones. The observation that normal serum concentrations of T(4)D, FT(4), T(3)D, and FT(3) may be associated with undetectable basal serum TSH concentrations and suppressed TSH response to TRH was also found in four hypothyroid patients given increasing doses of L-thyroxine and sequential TRH stimulation tests.


Inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated urea transport across the toad bladder by thiourea. The mammalian antidiuretic hormone, 8-arginine-vasopressin, was found to increase net mucosal-to-serosal urea flux across the isolated toad urinary bladder 13-fold. This urea flux was accompanied by a 24-fold increase in solute-linked water movement across the membrane. Net urea flux and urea-linked volume flux were inhibited by 50% or more when thiourea was added to the mucosal medium at concentrations equal to those of urea. In contrast, thiourea did not inhibit osmotic water flux across the bladder in the presence of vasopressin. These observations are consistant with the view that thiourea and urea compete for a common site on a membrane carrier molecule. When bladders were exposed to vasopressin on the serosa and subsequently fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde on the mucosa, they were found to retain 74% of their prefixation permeability to urea. Net urea flux across these fixed bladders (in the absence of vasopressin) was markedly inhibited by thiourea, whereas osmotic water flux was not inhibited. These studies suggest that vasopressin induces the formation of "urea-channels" in the membrane that can be preserved by glutaraldehyde and blocked by thiourea.


The effects of nitroglycerin on coronary collaterals and myocardial contractility. Nitroglycerin (TNG) causes a prolonged dilatation of coronary collaterals. To demonstrate a functional significance of this dilatation we measured the effect of TNG on myocardial contractile force in dogs 2(1/2)-4 wk after the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) had been embolized in closed-chest animals. Development of collaterals was documented by angiography. Via a left thoracotomy the main left coronary artery (LCA) and LAD distal to the embolized plug were cannulated. Coronary flow and perfusion pressure were recorded. Contractile force was measured with gauges sutured to epicardial areas supplied by the left circumflex coronary artery (LCf) and occluded LAD. Coronary perfusion pressure in the LCA was gradually decreased until the contractile force recorded by the LAD gauge diminished while the LCf gauge was unaffected. Under these conditions, with coronary perfusion pressure held constant with the aid of a Starling resistance, TNG (18 mug) injected into the LCA increased peripheral LAD pressure by 3-12 mm Hg and contractile force in the LAD region by 36% (range 20-90%), returning it to near-normal levels, while having minimal effect in the LCf area. These changes persisted for 5 min. When LCf and LAD areas were both ischemic, intracoronary TNG had minimal effect on peripheral LAD pressure and contractile force. Thus, TNG causes prolonged dilatation of coronary collaterals and presumed increased collateral flow with subsequent enhancement of myocardial contractile force in ischemic areas. This effect is seen only when ischemia is limited to an area supplied by the collaterals. When the whole heart is ischemic, collaterals are unresponsive to TNG, suggesting that these collaterals dilate fully when the regions from which they originate become ischemic.


Radioimmunoassay of thyrotrophin releasing hormone.


Subcellular distribution and some properties of the enzyme activity involved in the breakdown of tritiated lysine vasopressin by bovine neurohypophyses.


Quantitative determination of antibody to gonococcal pili. Changes in antibody levels with gonococcal infection. Gonococcal pili, pure by the criteria of electron microscopic examination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, have been prepared by repeated cycles of precipitation with 0.1 M MgCl(2), followed by dissolution in 0.01 M Tris pH 8, 0.01 M NaN(3). Using a fluorescein-conjugated antibody prepared to pili from a single strain, pilar antigen(s) was found to be present in each of 18 strains of gonococci tested, and absent from strains of pilated meningococci, nonpathogenic Neisseria sp., and Escherichia coli. Purified pili, labeled with (125)I were used in an antigen binding assay to quantitatively measure antibody to pili in rabbit sera and in 561 human sera. The range of antibody activity for 133 persons unlikely to have experienced gonorrhea was 0.1-1.6 mug/ml with a geometric mean of 0.5 mug/ml. This geometric mean antibody activity was significantly lower than the geometric mean for asymptomatically infected males (1.0 mug/ml, P < 0.002), males with symptomatic gonococcal anterior urethritis (1.6 mug/ml, P < 0.001), or asymptomatically infected females (4.2 mug/ml, P < 0.001). Antibody appeared in elevated levels (> 1.6 mug/ml) 2-3 wk after infection and returned toward control levels 1 or more months after treatment. Antibody levels higher than 1.6 mug/ml were found in 26 (50%) of 52 males with gonococcal anterior urethritis, in 10 (33%) of 30 males with asymptomatic urethral infection and in 50 (89%) of 56 asymptomatically infected females. In a high-risk group of 103 females for whom culture results and antibody to pili were compared, 58 (57%) had elevated antibody levels to pili and 86% of the infected females were within this seropositive group. The antigen binding assay may provide a means to detect asymptomatic gonococcal infection in women.


Glyceryl trinitrate and pentrinitrol (pentaerythritol trinitrate): comparative cardiovascular effects in dog, cat and rat by different routes of administration.


The designation of the major guinea-pig neural lobe protein as a neurophysin.


Effect of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors indomethacin and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid on adrenergic responses in dog cutaneous vasculature.


Metabolism of 3H-estrone sulfate perfused in vivo through a rhesus monkey liver.


Sulfhydryl requirement for relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.


The effect of glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin on the coronary hemodynamics in man.


Morphological and autoradiographical investigations on experimental carcinogenesis and polyp development in the intestinal tract of rats and mice.


Radioimmunological evidence for early functional activity in chick embryonic beta cells.


Timely topics in microbiology 1971: gram negative bacteria.


A microneutralization test for canine distemper virus.


Vaccination of calves and milking cows with different strains of Theileria annulata.


Propranolol and LB 46 (prinodolol) in angina pectoris. A comparative long-term ergometric study.


Linkage data on Rh, PGM1, PGD, Peptidase C and Fy from family studies.


The blood groups of Icelanders.

The blood groups of Icelanders.


Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detecting Babesia argentina infection in cattle.


A cowpox-like infection in man caused by Coxsackie A type 16 virus.


A rapid method for the purification of glycogen synthetase I and D utilising concanavalin A bound to agarose.


Galactosyl (alpha 1--4)galactosylceramide: galactosyl hydrolase activity in normal and Fabry plasma.


Pronase digestion of amino-acid binding components on the surface of Bacillus subtilis cells and minicells.


A comparison of the unfolding and dissociation of the large ribosome subunits from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides N.C.I.B. 8253 and Escherichia coli M.R.E. 600. 1. The behaviour of the large ribosomal subunit from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (45S) has been compared with the 50S ribosome from Escherichia coli M.R.E. 600 (and E. coli M.R.E. 162) during unfolding by removal of Mg(2+) and detachment of ribosomal proteins by high univalent cation concentrations. The extent to which these processes are reversible with these ribosomes has also been examined. 2. The R. spheroides 45S ribosome unfolds relatively slowly but then gives rise directly to two ribonucleoprotein particles (16.6S and 13.7S); the former contains the intact primary structure of the 16.25S rRNA species and the latter the 15.00S rRNA species of the original ribosome. No detectable protein loss occurs during unfolding. The E. coli ribosome unfolds via a series of discrete intermediates to a single, unfolded ribonucleoprotein unit (19.1S) containing the 23S rRNA and all the protein of the original ribosome. 3. The two unfolded R. spheroides ribonucleoproteins did not recombine when the original conditions were restored but each simply assumed a more compact configuration. Similar treatments reversed the unfolding of the E. coli 50S ribosomes; replacement of Mg(2+) caused the refolding of the initial products of unfolding and in the presence of Ni(2+) the completely unfolded species (19.1S) again sedimented at the same rate as the original ribosomes (44S). 4. Ribosomal proteins (25%) were dissociated from R. spheroides 45S ribosomes by dialysis against a solution with a Na(+)/Mg(2+) ratio of 250:1. During this process two core particles were formed (21.2S and 14.2S) and the primary structures of the two original rRNA species were conserved. This dissociation was not reversed. With E. coli 50S approximately 15% of the original ribosomal protein was dissociated, a single 37.6S core particle was formed, the 23S rRNA remained intact and the ribosomal proteins would reassociate with the core particle to give a 50S ribosome. 5. The ribonuclease activities in R. spheroides 45S and E. coli M.R.E. 600 and E. coli M.R.E. 162 50S ribosomes are compared. 6. The observations concerning unfolding and dissociation are consistent with previous reports showing the unusual rRNA complement of the mature R. spheroides 45S ribosome and show the dependence of these events upon the rRNA and the importance of protein-protein interactions in the structure of the R. spheroides ribosome.


The interaction of alpha 2-macroglobulin with proteinases. Characteristics and specificity of the reaction, and a hypothesis concerning its molecular mechanism. 1. alpha(2)-Macroglobulin is known to bind and inhibit a number of serine proteinases. We show that it binds thiol and carboxyl proteinases, and there is now reason to believe that alpha(2)-macroglobulin can bind essentially all proteinases. 2. Radiochemically labelled trypsin, chymotrypsin, cathepsin B1 and papain are bound by alpha(2)-macroglobulin in an approximately equimolar ratio. Equimolar binding was confirmed for trypsin by activesite titration. 3. Pretreatment of alpha(2)-macroglobulin with a saturating amount of one proteinase prevented the subsequent binding of another. We conclude that each molecule of alpha(2)-macroglobulin is able to react with one molecule of proteinase only. 4. alpha(2)-Macroglobulin did not react with exopeptidases, non-proteolytic hydrolases or inactive forms of endopeptidases. 5. The literature on binding and inhibition of proteinases by alpha(2)-macroglobulin is reviewed, and from consideration of this and our own work several general characteristics of the interaction can be discerned. 6. A model is proposed for the molecular mechanism of the interaction of alpha(2)-macroglobulin with proteinases. It is suggested that the enzyme cleaves a peptide bond in a sensitive region of the macroglobulin, and that this results in a conformational change in the alpha(2)-macroglobulin molecule that traps the enzyme irreversibly. Access of substrates to the active site of the enzyme becomes sterically hindered, causing inhibition that is most pronounced with large substrate molecules. 7. The possible physiological importance of the unique binding characteristics of alpha(2)-macroglobulin is discussed.


Cholesterol ester hydrolysis in aortic tissue.


The effects of frontal cortical ablations on alcohol selection and emotionality in pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemistrina).


Toxicology and pharmacology of the nitrosoureas.


Formulation of three nitrosoureas for intravenous use.


Response of vaccinated swine to group E streptococcus exposure.


Swine abscesses caused by Lancefield's group E streptococci. XI. Application of the hemagglutination test to demonstrate a correlation between the antigens of group E and streptococcus uberis, and their relation to antibodies induced by unknown organisms.


Bromazepam and phenobarbital in anxiety: a controlled study.


A double-blind, comparative clinical trial with ludiomil (CIBA 34,276-Ba) and amitriptyline in newly admitted depressed patients.


A controlled study of single-dose administration of imipramine pamoate in endogenous depression.


Experiences on a sustained-release procainamide preparation.


Clinical and laboratory evaluation of cefazolin: a new cephalosporin antibiotic in pediatric patients.


Diuretic effect of butoxymethylen furosemide (FFBU) in healthy subjects: a preliminary study.


Conservation of intestinal bile acid concentration after ileal resection.


Serological reactions of glycolipids from streptococcal L-forms. Parent bacteria and L-forms of some streptococci of group A, group D, and Streptococcus MG share common antigens as shown by cross-reactivity in growth inhibition, complement fixation, and Ouchterlony tests. Cross-reactivity between these streptococci or their L-forms with a staphylococcal L-form, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was found only rarely and only in low-titer complement fixation tests. Removal of all three serological reactivities from positive antisera by addition of chloroform-methanol (7:3) extracts of the streptococci or their L-forms, and failure to remove activities by protein extracts, indicated the glycolipid nature of the cross-reacting antigenic determinants.


Isolation of a new simian foamy virus from a spider monkey brain culture. A syncytium-forming (foamy) virus was isolated from a spider monkey brain cell culture. Cytopathic effect was observed both in the brain culture and in human embryonic kidney cells. Neutralizing antibody was present in the sera of the spider monkey from whom the isolation was made. The virus was inhibited by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (20 mug/ml), contained a ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase, and had an infectivity peak at 1.15 g/cm(3) in a sucrose density gradient. The virus passed through a 220-nm but not a 100-nm membrane filter, was chloroform sensitive, and was inactivated at 56 C in 30 min. Hemagglutinating and hemadsorption activity was not noted with a variety of erythrocytes. The virion was spherical, formed in the cytoplasm, and was 105 to 115 nm in diameter. Ring-shaped nucleoids, 45 to 50 nm in diameter, were associated with tubular profiles. The virus was not neutralized by sera prepared against known viruses, including simian foamy virus types 1 through 7, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, and bovine syncytial and measles viruses. Sera from a rabbit hyperimmunized with the isolate and sera from 19 spider monkeys had neutralizing antibody to the isolate; however, these sera did not cross-react with simian foamy virus types 1 through 7. Neutralizing antibody to the isolate was not detected in sera from 16 humans, 9 rhesus monkeys, and 10 chimpanzees.


Purification and characterization of thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A thermostable direct hemolysin was purified from culture filtrates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The purified hemolysin gave one precipitation line with the antihemolysin antiserum on agar-gel diffusion test and a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The hemolysin was not inactivated by heating at 70 to 100 C for 10 min. The hemolytic activity was not enhanced by the addition of lecithin. It was demonstrated that the hemolysin was a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 118,000. Amino acid analysis revealed that 43% of total amino acids were acidic amino acids, whereas 11% were basic amino acids.


Platelet enhancement of postphagocytic destruction of Listeria monocytogenes in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. Rabbit platelets enhance the bactericidal capability of cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages against Listeria monocytogenes.


Determination of mean cell size of Tetrahymena in growing cultures.


Production of exo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase by Bacillus subtilis B.


The neutral and alkaline proteases of Aspergillus nidulans.


Effect of autologous bone marrow transplantation and an anabolic steroid on erythropoietin production and hemopoietic recovery after whole body irradiation and treatment with alkylating agents.


Possible therapy in hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE).


Cytological analysis of storage effects on various types of complete and mosaic change induced in drosophila chromosomes by some chemical mutagens.


Recovery of the subhuman primate after deep cerebral hypothermia and prolonged ischaemia.


Selective inactivation of the D or I forms of glycogen synthetase from rat skeletal muscle.


Germination of actinomycete spores.

Germination of actinomycete spores.


Fibrinogen catabolism in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.


Survey of microsporidan hyperparasites of trematode larvae from Malaysian snails.


Microdissection of scrub typhus vectors.


Microsporidian infection in Lymnaea rubiginosa.


Plaque formation in vero cell cultures by some Malaysian viruses.


An orang asli blowpipe with a syringe-type dart for the liver capture of wild parimates in Malaysia.


Simian neonatology. II. Neonatal pathology.


Simian neonatology. 3. The causes of neonatal mortality.


Mast cells and postnatal topographic anomalies in mammalian subfornical body and supraoptic crest.


Bacterial pollution and disinfection of the colonofiberscope. II. Ethylene oxide gas sterilization.


Protein-calorie malnutrition and intellect in childhood: A review.


Hepatitis B. A study of 200 cases positive for the hepatitis B antigen.


Bacterial pollution and disinfection of the colonofiberscope. I. An investigation of traditional sterilization methods.


Intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus.


Epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis.


Effects of certain purified plasma proteins on the compatibility of glass with blood. The effects of certain purified plasma proteins on the coagulation-activation and platelet-adhesion properties of glass surfaces have been investigated. Albumin, transferrin, gammaG globulin, gammaM globulin and fibrinogen were obtained in highly purified form; ceruloplasmin was a more crude preparation. Each of these proteins was found to adhere to glass surfaces and influence reactions of these surfaces with blood. gammaG globulin or albumin adsorbed to glass markedly inhibited activation of the intrinsic coagulation system, while the other proteins tested were much less effective in this respect. Fibrinogen, of all the proteins tested, greatly enhanced the adhesion of platelets to glass. Albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, gammaG globulin and gammaM globulin each decreased the adhesion of platelets to glass by approximately 50%. Ultrastructural studies of the interface area where blood reacted with the layer of protein adsorbed to glass demonstrated the deposition of a moderately thick irregular protein layer upon the surface, with adhesion of cellular elements to this unilaminar adsorbed layer. Ultrastructural studies also demonstrated that platelets which adhere to protein-coated surfaces formed pseudopods and spread upon such surfaces.


Hereditary angio-neurotic oedema. Genealogical and immunological studies.


Cultured skin fibroblasts in storage disorders. An analysis of ultrastructural features. Electron microscopic studies were performed on cultured fibroblasts from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, Fabry's, Gaucher's, Niemann-Pick's (Type A and C), Sanfilippo's (Type A and B) disease, chondroitin-4-sulfate mucopolysaccharidosis, lipofuscinosis (Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease) and ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease with curvilinear bodies). Specific cytoplasmic inclusions with a limiting membrane were identified in Fabry's disease, Niemann-Pick syndrome, chondroitin-4-sulfate mucopolysaccharidosis and Sanfilippo's Type B disease. In Fabry's disease, the lipid inclusions tended to form stacks of parallel and concentric membranes. In Niemann-Pick syndrome, the lipid inclusions were made of wavy, loosely packed membranes. In chondroitin-4-sulfate mucopolysaccharidosis and Sanfilippo B, the lysosomes were enlarged and contained a reticular matrix with little electron-dense material. No specific ultrastructural changes were observed in Gaucher's, Sanfilippo's (Type A) disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy (sulfatidosis) and Batten's disease.


The nature and biological activity of IPN virus neutralizing antibodies in normal and immunized rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).


Presence of neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus in sera of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.


Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1242) migration into food types.


Polychlorinated terphenyls in the environment.


Oral toxicity of chlorinated dibenzofurans to juvenile Atlantic salmon.


Inhibition of aflatoxin and zearalenone biosynthesis with dichlorvos.


Oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls by achromobacter pCB.


Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB's) residues in grades of pulp, paper and paperboard.


The occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in silage stored in pit and upright silos.


Electron-capturing compounds and selected elements in paper.