Scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy: search for infectious nucleic acid. Brain preparations from animals with scrapie or transmissible mink encephalopathy were phenol extracted and examined for the presence of pathogenic nucleic acid. Animals inoculated with various extracts remained healthy, and analysis on 2.6 to 5% polyacrylamide gels failed to detect a difference in extractable RNA species between infected and normal mink brain.


The action of rubiflavin and other cytostatic antibiotics on Euglena gracilis.


Chromosomal characteristics of a lymphoblastoid line from baboon Chacma Papio-papio: similarity to human lymphoblastoid lines.


Carbuncle: discussion and a report of two cases.


Physical and chemical abnormalities in a series of 155 paraproteinemic sera of the main immunoglobulin classes.


Effects of ephemeral fever on milk production and reproduction of dairy cattle.


Intrauterine rubella infection.

Intrauterine rubella infection.


Tracheobronchial anomalies in children.

Tracheobronchial anomalies in children.


Agammaglobulinemia associated with Australia-antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis.


Significance of arterial lesions in the comparative pathology of spontaneous atherosclerosis.


Accuracy and precision in measurement of human serum immunoglobulins G, A and M.


Presence in dental plaque of a polysaccharide antigen of the anaerobic oral filamentous organism Eubacterium saburreum.


Fibrosarcoma with metastasis in a rhesus monkey.


Experimental studies on the formation of epithelioid cells induced by fractionated substances of tubercle vacilli.


Immunochemical properties of rabbit antibodies in membranous glomerulonephritis.


Electron microscopical study on the tumor of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.


On non-specific inhibition of rat liver microsomal UDP glucuronyltransferase by some drugs.


Epoxide hydrase in human liver biopsy specimens: assay and properties.


Pulpal response to a new composite dental restorative material.


ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease from normal and rec-mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis.


Absence of nucleic acid in proteocin, a defective phage of Proteus mirabilis D52.


The repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA in Bacillus subtilis.


Proceedings: Lysosomal enzymes in lymphocytes.


Proceedings: 122. Comparison of thermoregulatory responses in the Japanese monkey(Macaca fuscata) and the crab-eating monkey (Macaca irus) during cold exposure.


Leucocytes and thrombosis. II. Relationship between leucocyte behaviour and divalent cations, sulphydryl groups, red cells and adenosine diphosphate.


Involvement of small mammals in the transmission of scrub typhus in Malaysia: isolation and serological evidence.


Toxoplasmosis in free-ranging chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) from the Kruger National Park.


Effects of immunosuppressive agents on the course of Trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei infections in heat-stressed mice.


Exercise electrocardiography: recognition of the ischemic response, false positive and negative patterns.


Ventricular contractility during controlled exercise and emotion in the primate.


Myocardial infarction after exercise-induced electrocardiographic changes in a patient with variant angina pectoris.


Digesta passage and water exchange in the equine large intestine.


Effects of perhexiline on symptomatic and hemodynamic responses to exercise in patients with angina pectoris.


Amniotic fluid vitamin B12-binding protein. Purification and characterization with isoelectric focusing and other techniques.


Two-trait selection and the genetic correlation. I. Prediction of responses in single-trait and in two-trait selection.


Two-trait selection and the genetic correlation. II. Changes in the genetic correlation during two-trait selection.


Heterotrophic potential for amino acid uptake in a naturally eutrophic lake. The uptake of sixteen (14)C-labeled amino acids by the indigenous heterotrophic microflora of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, was measured using the kinetic approach. The year-long study showed a seasonal variation in the maximum uptake velocity, V(max), of all the amino acids which was proportional to temperature. The maximum total flux of amino acids by the heterotrophic microflora ranged from 1.2 to 11.9 mumol of C per liter per day (spring to summer). Glutamate, asparagine, aspartate, and serine had the highest V(max) values and were respired to the greatest extent. The percentages of the gross (net + respired) uptake of the amino acids which were respired to CO(2) ranged from 2% for leucine to 63% for glutamate. Serine, lysine, and glycine were the most abundant amino acids found in Upper Klamath Lake surface water; at intermediate concentrations were alanine, aspartate, and threonine; and the remaining amino acids were always below 7.5 x 10(-8) M (10 mug/liter). The amino acid concentrations determined chemically appear to be the sum of free and adsorbed amino acids, since the values obtained were usually greater than the (K(t) + S(n)) values obtained by the heterotrophic uptake experiments.


Scanning electron microscope study of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Morphological studies utilizing various microscopy techniques have aided in our understanding of the gonococcus and gonorrhea. In this study scanning electron microscopy was used to study differences in virulent (colony types 1 and 2) and avirulent (colony types 3 and 4) gonococci relative to colony appearance, patterns of growth in liquid media, and surface features of individual cocci. Colony types of virulent gonococci are smaller in diameter but have a higher evaluation than those of avirulent mutants. Colony type 2 has a convex undersurface that is associated with surface pitting of solid media. When the colonies are grown in liquid media, various degrees of autoagglutination are observed; this is most pronounced with type 2 and least evident with type 4. Although pili may be involved in this phenomena, other mechanisms must be employed, since type 3 gonococci that lack pili autoagglutinate. Pili are seen on types 1 and 2 and are absent from types 3 and 4. They appear as individual threads radiating from the bacteria or as bundles of pili attaching adjacent cocci. Another extracellular structure consists of small spherical bodies that can coat the bacteria surface, attach to pili, or exist free from other bacterial components. These spheres are least evident with type 4. The gonococcal surface is pebbly with multiple sulci.


Radioimmunoassay on polycarbonate membranes: a sensitive and simplified method for the detection and quantitation of antibody. A new radioimmunoassay technique is described in which a sampling manifold and polycarbonate filter membranes are used. Antigen-antibody reactions take place on the membranes. The manifold permits the simultaneous running of 30 samples and a rapid wash technique in which the washing solution is introduced into the manifold wells and suctioned off from below. The polycarbonate membrane offers a distinct advantage over the cellulose acetate in that nonspecific protein adsorption is substantially reduced. Antigens employed are whole bacteria or soluble antigen coupled to Sepharose beads and are layered over the membrane surface. A radiolabeled antibody is used to measure the primary antigen-antibody interaction. The sensitivity of the procedure is equal to that of fluorescent antibody tests.


Reaggregation studies on the polypeptide chains of calf lens alpha-crystallin.


Letter: Fascioliasis.

Letter: Fascioliasis.


Energy dispersion x-ray analysis by scanning electron microscopy for measuring cellular elemental composition in bacterial cells. The use of scanning electron microscopy in conjuction with energy dispersion analysis of X rays is presented as a technique in a novel application to in situ studies of cellular elemental composition. The method has been applied, in the example of its use reported here, to examining the effects of copper-chromearsenic wood preservative on growth and element uptake of selected bacteria in agar cultures.


Controlled trial of various anti-D dosages in suppression of Rh sensitization following pregnancy. Report to the Medical Research Council by the working party on the use of anti-D-immunoglobulin for the prevention of isoimmunization of Rh-negative women during pregnancy. In a controlled trial phials containing 200 mug, 100 mug, 50 mug, or 20 mug of IgG anti-D were given to nearly 2,000 D-negative primiparae whose infants were D-positive and ABO-compatible. Only mothers whose serum lacked anti-D were included and the dose of anti-D was always given within 36 hours of delivery. Each phial contained the same total volume of immunoglobulin and the particular dose given to any patient was not known to the clinician. The anti-D content of the phials was estimated three times during the course of the trials and remained fairly constant. Six months after delivery the incidence of a positive indirect antiglobulin test result, indicating the presence of anti-D, in the four dose groups (with about 450 women in each group) was as follows: 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.44%, and 1.35%. The trend towards an increase in the frequency of failures as the dose decreases was significant at the level of P=0.02.In each dose group about 200 women were followed to the end of a second pregnancy with a D-positive infant. The failure rates (in order of decreasing dosage) as judged by a positive indirect antiglobulin test result at the second delivery were as follows: 1.5%, 1.1%, 1.5% and 2.9%. The differences between the dose groups were not statistically significant. The overall failure rate (1.7%) was about one-tenth of that expected in an untreated series. Though the results failed to prove any differences in success rates between doses of 200, 100, 50, and 20 mug of anti-D, they do suggest, in conformity with other evidence, that a dose of 20 mug is suboptimal for routine use. The results support the belief that a dose of 100 mug is adequate.


Comparative study of the effects of two copper compounds on the respiration and survival of Biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: pulmonata).


Epilepsy in cerebral hydatidosis.

Epilepsy in cerebral hydatidosis.


Clinical note: seizures and EEG activation after trimipramine.


Intracarotid pentylenetetrazol injections in the cat.


Basilar dendrite bundles of giant pyramidal cells.


Diazepam treatment for acute convulsions in children. A report of 41 patients, three with plasma levels.


The occurrence of antigens of Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes in allergenic extracts of house dust.


Aeruginocine typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aeruginocine typing using eight indicator strains of Wahba on Bacto tryptone-glucose yeast extract Agar (Difco) with an incubation temperature of 32 degrees C was found to be a reproducible and easy method which could be readily adopted by a diagnostic clinical laboratory. The results of aeruginocine typing of 1500 strains of Ps. aeruginosa suggest that hospitals differ in the range and patterns of aeruginocine types of strains isolated in them. In addition to representatives of nine of the 10 pyocine types of Wahba, a large number of strains isolated in India were found to fall into other groups not described in Wahba's system. Hence, 20 new inhibition patterns (aeruginocine types) are proposed.


Behavioral control of firing patterns of normal and abnormal neurons in chronic epileptic cortex.


Temperature, crowding and other environmental pressures in Drosophila melanogaster (adult progeny numger).


Hyperalimentation hypophosphatemia: hematologic-neurologic dysfunction due to ATP depletion.


Paradoxical effects of isoproterenol, nitroglycerin and exercise in conscious dogs with myocardial ischemia.


Instability of nitroglycerin tablets.

Instability of nitroglycerin tablets. Nitroglycerin is a volatile substance which evaporates from tablets if strict precautions are not taken. The tablets kept in small, amber, tightly capped glass bottles in a refrigerator maintain their potency for three to five months if bottles are opened once a week. After five months the unused tablets should be discarded. Tablets kept in a pill box and carried with the patient will deteriorate in a week and should be discarded thereafter. Cotton, plastic or paper stuffed in the bottle and frequent opening will reduce the potency of NG tablets considerably. Physicians, pharmacists and drug manufacturers should supply full instructions to patients on how to prevent rapid deterioration of their supply.


Hippocampal damage and schizophrenia: a critique of Mednick's theory.


Studies on heterologous immunity in schistosomiasis. 7. Observations on the development of acquired homologous and heterologous immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in baboons. Observations were made on the development of immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in baboons using both homologous and heterologous systems. The baboons were immunized by either (a) a single exposure to cercariae of the homologous species S. mansoni, or (b) 1-2 exposures to cercariae of either a S. rodhaini/S. mansoni hybrid or a S. mattheei/S. haematobium hybrid, or (c) repeated exposure to the cercariae of S. rodhaini or S. bovis. Baboons immunized with 500 cercariae of the homologous parasite developed partial immunity to reinfection, as did the baboons immunized with multiple exposures to the heterologous cercariae of S. rodhaini and S. bovis, although these parasites produced neither adult worms nor eggs in the baboons. The hybrids gave rise to well-established adult worm infections, but produced less immunity, even though the S. rodhaini/S. mansoni hybrid was genetically very similar to S. mansoni. These results indicate that adult worms are not essential to produce a considerable degree of immunity to reinfection, which can be engendered by the earlier stages of the parasites. However, none of the immune responses prevented egg deposition in the tissues, and considerable pathological changes resulted from the challenge infection. These observations suggest that although heterologous infections show some promise as immunizing agents, further studies are needed of the pathological changes resulting from their use.


The effect of ascorbic acid and potassium ferricyanide as melanogenesis inhibitors on the development of pigmentation in Mexican axolotls.


Vaccination against malaria: evaluation of a plasmodial vaccine fraction and a preliminary study of some immunologic adjuvants in a primate model system: a brief report.


Diverticulum of the bladder with ureteral orifice opening into the diverticulum: report of case.


A new species of Pleistophora (Microsporida: Pleistophoridae) parasitic in the shrimp Palaemonetes pugio.


Susceptibility and immune response to experimental plague in two species of langurs and in African green (grivet) monkeys.


Ultrastructure of Nosema oryzaephili and the taxonomic value of the polar filament.


Mattesia bombi n. sp. (Neogregarinida: Ophrocystidae), a parasite of Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae).


Properties of plasminogen activators formed by neoplastic human cell cultures. A series of human cell lines has been examined for fibrinolysis in culture. The sera that are activating for fibrinolysis by human cells are mouse, monkey, human, horse, and bovine. Individual human sera show considerable variation in the ability to activate fibrinolysis. In common with other neoplastic or transformed mammalian and avian cell cultures, human cell lines of neoplastic origin produce substantial amounts of plasminogen activator. Several cultures of nonmalignant origin also produce plasminogen activator, whereas cultures obtained from trypsinized human embryos, or from human embryonic skin do not. The human melanoma plasminogen activators are of two kinds: a major component with a mol wt of 50,000, and a minor species with a mol wt of approximately 60,000. Both are DFP sensitive, serine proteases.


Thrombocytopenia in experimental trypanosomiasis. The effect of experimental trypanosomiasis on coagulation was studied because a patient in this hospital with Rhodesian trypanosomiasis developed thrombocytopenia with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Rats injected intraperitoneally with this strain of Trypanosoma rhodesiense consistently developed trypanosomiasis and severe thrombocytopenia without changes in hematocrit or concentration of fibrinogen or fibrin split products. At the time of 50% mortality (4-5 days) mean platelet counts per cubic millimeter of infected rats were 18,000+/-9,000 (+/-2 SEM) compared to 1,091,000+/-128,000 in uninfected controls. In vitro, concentrated trypanosomes and trypanosomefree supernates of disrupted organisms added to normal rat, rabbit, or human blood produced platelet aggregation within 30 min. This platelet aggregation was not blocked by inhibitors of ADP, kinins, or early or late components of complement. In vivo thrombocytopenia also occurred in infected rabbits congenitally deficient in C6 and in infected, splenectomized rats. Although the aggregating substance obtained from disrupted trypanosomes is heat-labile, it is active in the presence of complement inhibitors, suggesting that this trypanosomal product may be a protein enzyme or toxin. Since the phenomenon is independent of immune complexes, complement, ADP, and kinins, it appears to represent a new mechanism of microbial injury of platelets and the induction of thrombocytopenia.


A serum factor in chronic hypocomplementemic hephritis distinct from immunoglobulins and activating the alternate pathway of complement. Nephritic factor (C3NeF) has been isolated from plasma of patients with hypocomplementemic chronic glomerulonephritis (HCG) by ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. This material was further treated with solidified anti-Ig antiserum. The purified material failed to react with antiserum to human IgG, IgG3, Fab, Fc, and kappa and lambda chains, but retained full C3NeF activity. The nonidentity of C3NeF with IgG was further demonstrated by Ouchterlony analysis using anti-IgG and anti-C3NeF. Isolated C3NeF was found to be a protein with a sedimentation coefficient of 7S and a mol wt of 150,000 daltons, which on microzone electrophoresis and gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 behaved as a gamma-globulin. C3NeF is not a C1q precipitin and does not activate the classical complement pathway. Unlike cobra venom factor, it failed to enter into a complex with C3 proactivator (C3PA) when incubated with normal human serum (NHS) and then subjected to sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The action of isolated C3NeF on C3 requires C3PA, C3PA convertase (C3PAse), and properdin (P). Similarly, C3PA conversion by C3NeF requires P, C3PAse, and C3. Total hemolytic activity was lost by incubation of 64 microg of C3NeF/1 ml NHS at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Both C3a and C5a anaphylatoxin could be generated by C3NeF in serum previously depleted of anaphylatoxin inactivator. Anti-C3NeF was found to detect an antigen in all NHS tested. Treatment of NHS with solidified anti-C3NeF caused impairment of the alternate complement pathway. It failed to sustain lysis of glutathione-treated human erythrocytes initiated by inulin. It is conceivable that the normal serum constituent which is removed by anti-C3NeF constitutes the inactive precursor of C3NeF, and a heretofore unrecognized component of the alternate pathway.


Live, attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccine: virulent in nonhuman primates, harmless to guinea pigs.


Comparative virulence of Nosema plodiae and Nosema heterosporum in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella.


Comparison of the immune response to three different Yersinia pestis vaccines in guinea pigs and langurs.


Isolation and characterization of an abnormal human intrinsic factor. A patient has been described previously who presented at age 13 with vitamin B(12) (B(12)) deficiency secondary to a functionally abnormal intrinsic factor (IF). IF has now been isolated from the gastric juice of the patient, his sister, and both parents, who are first cousins, by using affinity chromatography on B(12)-Sepharose. Patient IF appeared normal in terms of (a) B(12) binding, (b) mol wt, (c) total amino acid and carbohydrate composition, and (d) immunodiffusion with rabbit anti-patient and anti-normal IF sera. After adsorption with normal IF, however, anti-patient IF serum precipitated the various IFs as follows: patient IF (> 95%); mother, father, and sister IF (50%); and normal IF (< 10%). Additional adsorption with mother, father, or sister IF completely inhibited the precipitation of patient IF. The association constant determined for patient IF-B(12) and human ileal mucosal homogenates (0.1 x 10(9) M(-1)) was 60-fold lower than that determined with normal IF-B(12) (6.0 x 10(9) M(-1)). Intermediate amounts of ileal IF-B(12) binding were observed with mother, father, and sister IF-B(12). These in vitro studies were supported by multiple Schilling tests, performed with a totally gastrectomized volunteer, that gave the following mean urinary excretions of [(57)Co]B(12): free B(12) (0.5%); + patient gastric juice (2.6%); + mother or father gastric juice (17%); and + normal gastric juice (26%). These studies demonstrate that the patient is homozygous and that the mother, father, and sister are heterozygous for a structurally abnormal IF that has a markedly decreased, but not absent, affinity for ileal IF-B(12) receptors. These studies also indicate that the B(12) and ileal binding sites are located on different portions of the IF molecule.


Occurrence of a haplosporidian in native oysters (Ostrea lurida) from Yaquina bay and Alsea bay, Oregon.


Development of cellular and humoral immunity in the respiratory tract of rabbits to Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide. Immunization with Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide induced both cellular and humoral immunity in rabbits, particularly in the respiratory tract after intranasal immunization. Either parenteral (i.m.) or intranasal immunization elicited an IgG antibody response in respiratory secretions, but only intranasal immunization produced secretory IgA antibody. Immunization by both routes stimulated serum IgM and IgG agglutinative antibodies. Because both methods of immunization produced skin test reactivity which had components of both Arthus and tuberculin-like reactions, cellular immunity was more readily assessed by the measurement of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) released from immune lymphocytes in respiratory and spleen cell suspensions after challenge with the lipopolysaccharide antigen. After intranasal vaccination, MIF activity was detected in the respiratory tract by direct assay; in contrast, i.m. immunized rabbits did not produce respiratory MIF. Both modes of immunization resulted in splenic MIF activity. However, lymphocytes were only capable of producing MIF for short periods after primary immunization had ended, apparently losing this function in about 2-3 wk. Therefore, it was concluded that cellular immunity by in vitro assay was transient after primary immunization with this Pseudomonas antigen in contrast to the more persistent humoral immunity. The biological significance of immune lymphocytes as part of the coordinated host defense of the lung needs further evaluation.


Marburg virus disease.

Marburg virus disease.


Lead encephalopathy. Report of a case associated with industrial exposure.


The vaccination of man and other animals against rabies.


Metabolic controls in precancerous liver. V. Loss of control of cholesterol synthesis during feeding of the hepatocarcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.


Visualization of catalase on acrylamide gels.


The geographic unit as a phase in merging hospital and community programs.


Experimental digital replantation.

Experimental digital replantation.


Cervical mycobacterial disease.

Cervical mycobacterial disease.


Anatomy and physiology of the optic nerve head.


I. The future role of the state hospital.


3. Where is my home? The closing of state mental hospitals.


Lethal and genetic effects of radiophosphorus decay in bacteriophages SP82G and T7.


Electrical activity of the motor cortex associated with voluntary movements in the baboon.


The occurrence and possible functional significance of -S-S- crosslinks in sperm heads, with particular reference to eutherian mammals.


Remote control system for very small micro-electrode advancens.


Emptying the bladder by stimulating sacral ventral roots.


Recording from single-cells in infero-temporal cortex of the monkey during discrimination performance.


The role of the carotid body chemoreceptors and carotid sinus baroreceptors in the control of cerebral blood vessels. 1. Cerebral blood flow was measured in 17 baboons, anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, paralysed with gallamine and mechanically ventilated and in which the right sinus and both aortic nerves had been cut and the left carotid sinus vascularly isolated. Later in each experiment, the head was artificially perfused with femoral arterial blood via the innominate artery.2. Stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors with venous blood invariably caused a rise in regional cerebral blood flow whether the head was naturally or artificially perfused. This response was almost completely abolished if the VIIth cranial nerves were cut intracranially.3. Regional cerebral blood flow varied inversely with carotid sinus pressure.4. After the remaining (left) sinus nerve had been cut, the cerebral vascular response to hypoxia was negligible and the response to hypercapnia was markedly reduced. Blood flow then varied with perfusion pressure.5. These results provide further evidence that cerebral blood vessels are reflexly controlled and that the peripheral arterial receptors are involved. Their action is most conspicuous in the vascular response to hypoxia and together with intrinsic factors in the cerebral vascular bed, they determine the size of the vascular response to changes in CO(2) and pressure.


What are comprehensive health services?

What are comprehensive health services?


The rapid achievement and maintenance of a steady level of an injected substance in the blood plasma.


Priorities and decision making in health planning.


The compliance of contracting skeletal muscle. 1. The method of controlled releases was used to obtain tension-extension curves in toad (Bufo bufo) sartorii under a variety of conditions at 0 degrees C.2. The curves obtained were approximately linear over a considerable range of force (0.4P(0) to P(0)) if the releases were given from the plateau of tetanic tension. The slope of this linear region was little affected by changes of release velocity in the range 10-120 mm/sec.3. Such changes as did occur with alterations in release velocity could be quantitatively accounted for in terms of the internal shortening predicted by A. V. Hill's two-component model.4. As the muscles were stretched above l(0), we found that the maximum stiffness of the tetanized muscles fell in much the same way as the maximum developed force, P(0).5. In another series of experiments we found a rapid change in the overall shape of the tension-extension curve during the early phase of force development in an isometric tetanus. The stiffness of the muscle increased with increasing developed force during this period.6. The force-velocity curve in these muscles was measured by two methods, both giving a similar result. Surprisingly, toad muscle appears to have about the same intrinsic speed as frog muscle at 0 degrees C. The a.b product from our experiments is considerably greater than the reported values for the maintenance heat rate at 0 degrees C in these muscles.7. The probable site of the variable compliance in active muscle is discussed. It seems most likely that this is within the A-band, perhaps in the cross-bridges themselves.


The scope and bounds of health economics and medical economics.


Is there a future for family medicine?

Is there a future for family medicine?


Maximum and optimum in health services.

Maximum and optimum in health services.


Dopa metabolism by Mycobacterium leprae: its implications in culture of the bacillus and chemotherapy of leprosy.


Population genetics of modifiers of meiotic drive. II. Linkage modification in the segregation distortion system.


Structure and function of plant microbodies.


Use of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 to investigate the fate of inhaled fluorocarbons in man and in the rat.


Thyroid function through pregnancy and in the fetus and newly born from a goiter endemic in Peru.


Total serum T3 and TSH response to TRH stimulation in patients with endemic goiter.


TSH response to synthetic TRH in endemic goitre.


Some aspects of humoral immunologic reactivity in habitual abortion. (Assay of antitrophoblast IgG, IgA, and IgM by radial immunodiffusion: relationship with leukocyte agglutinating antibodies).


Arginosuccinicaciduria. The hair abnormality.


Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with infectious mononucleosis.


Congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.


On the thermodynamics of cell injury.  Some insights into the molecular mechanisms. A method is presented for determining the thermodynamic parameters of the rate-limiting chemical reaction in cell injury. From these parameters one can deduce certain molecular details of this reaction, such as the number of molecular events required for a specific observable injury, the approximate number of the chemical bonds broken and the degree of molecular configurational change involved. Inactivation of cell division in vitro by heat and by an alkylating agent have been studied by this method. In each case cell injury involved only one to three catastrophic molecular events, which were irreparable within a 3-day period. This suggests that in each case there had been an alteration of a genome essential for cell division. In the case of thermal injury this critical molecular event had the thermodynamic characteristics of a massive configurational change, compatible with the uncoiling of a DNA segment. In the case of alkylation injury the thermodynamic parameters were those of a small localized event with little configurational change and energetically compatible with an alkylation-depurination of DNA.


Aspects of dependency.

Aspects of dependency.


Bacterial degradation of cyclohexane. Participation of a co-oxidation reaction.


Comparison of an oral and an intravenous feeding regimen in the newborn.


Serum levels of immune globulins in postmaturity.


Thyroid status in the newborn infant. Effective thyroxine ratio and free thyroxine index.


Proceedings: Problems encountered in design of diets for treatment of protein energy malnutrition.


L-threonine deaminase in marine planktonic algae. IV. Studies of substrate specificity and inhibition from substrate analogs. Evidence for additional L-serine deaminase activity in the cryptophyte Chroomonas salina.


Recently defined onco-fetal antigens and their potential application in clinical medicine.


Autoimmunity and the retina. II. Raised serum IgM levels in retinitis pigmentosa.


Immunoglobulins in aqueous humour and iris from patients with endogenous uveitis and patients with cataract.


Differential activity of prefrontal units during right and left delayed response trials.


Effects of papaverine on the retinal microcirculation.


Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis. A mimicker of gonococcal arthritis.


Binding of thymus histone F1 and E. coli RNA polymerase to DNA of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila.


Different DNA replication behavior of a tandem duplication in Drosophila melanogaster.


Characterization of the soluble proteins from rabbit eye lens.


Bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity of sera and synovial fluids in rheumatoid arthritis and in osteoarthritis.


Single cell activity in the ventral lateral thalamus of the unanesthetized monkey.


Proceedings: Quinidine induced lupus erythematosus.


Preservation of cutaneous temperature sensitivity after ablation of sensory cortex in monkeys.


Regional cerebral blood flow of the main visual pathways during photic stimulation of the retina in intact and split-brain monkeys.


Pseudomonas osteomyelitis of the metatarsal sesamoid of the great toe.


Mitogenic effect of a water-soluble extract of Nocardia opaca: a comparative study with some bacterial adjuvants on spleen and peripheral lymphocytes of four mammalian species.


Leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression. X. Depression of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity after infection of mice with Friend leukemia virus.


Salmonella Paratyphi osteomyelitis. Report of a case simulating a giant cell tumor.


Interaction of rheumatoid factor with infectious vaccinia virus-antibody complexes.


Sites of localization and synthesis of Ss protein in mice.


The binding of alpha-1 antitrypsin to human IgA.


Subclavian vein catheterization in the infant.


Traumatic prevertebral pharyngoesophageal pseudodiverticulum in the newborn infant.


Morphogenesis of wheat striate mosaic virus--the internal nucleoprotein component.


Urethral diverticulum: complication of abdominoperineal pull-through procedure.


Letter: Primary structure of tuberculin-active protein from tubercule bacilli.


Traumatic perforation of the pharynx in a newborn baby.


Serological typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several points to be considered.


Cell proliferation in mouse kidney induced by lead. I. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid.


The use of contrast enemas in the diagnosis of neonatal intestinal obstruction.


Specificity of antibodies to the modified DNA of phages SPO1 and T4.


The mechanism of transfection. Kinetics and nature of B. subtilis transfection by phage SP-50 desoxyribonucleic acid.


Acute arthritis caused by gram-negative bacilli: a clinical characterization.


The addition of proteins carrying fluorochrome to polytene chromosomes of Drosophila.


Letter: Multiple sclerosis and diseased sheep brain.


A complex cerebral vascular malformation studied by angiography; multiple aneurysms angiomas and arterial ectasia.


Turkey leucocytozoon infection. 3. Ultrastructure of Leucocytozoon smithi gametocytes.


Bone ash and duodenal calcium-binding protein in chicks treated with EHDP.


Outpatient screening for gastrointestinal lesions using guaiac-impregnated slides.


Effect of administered human growth hormone on growth retardation in inflammatory bowel disease.


Activity of lividomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: its inactivation by phosphorylation induced by resistant strains. The antibacterial activity and enzymatic inactivation of lividomycin, a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic, were studied with 13 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimal inhibitory concentration of lividomycin was 12.5 to 25 mug/ml, and three strains were resistant to high concentrations of lividomycin (more than 200 mug/ml). It was found that P. aeruginosa TI-13 and K-11, highly lividomycin-resistant strains of clinical origin, strongly inactivated the drug. The third resistant strain, Km-41/R, was developed in vitro. Unlike the other resistant strains, Km-41/R, was developed in vitro. Unlike the other resistant strains, Km-41/R did not inactivate the drug, indicating that different mechanisms were involved in lividomycin resistance. By use of a cell-free extract from P. aeruginosa TI-13, the inactivation of lividomycin was found to be caused by the formation of a monophosphorylated product of the drug.


Transferable drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated to transfer double-drug resistance by conjugation to a P. aeruginosa recipient at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-2) per recipient cell. Two of the three strains also transferred to Escherichia coli at frequencies which were 10(3)- to 10(5)-fold lower, but the third strain could not be demonstrated to do so. The latter strain, however, conferred maleness on the Pseudomonas recipient. The transfer of streptomycin resistance was associated with the acquisition of streptomycin phosphorylase by both P. aeruginosa and E. coli recipients. Maximal broth mating frequencies were obtained with nonagitated cultures less than 1 mm in depth. A pyocine selection system based on donor sensitivity and recipient resistance is described and appears to have future value as a generalized selective device for use after matings.


Antibiotic synergism against Listeria monocytogenes. The effectiveness of ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin against 20 strains of Listeria monocytogenes was studied in vitro. For all strains, the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of both ampicillin and penicillin was much higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MBC of both streptomycin and gentamicin was close to the MIC, but relatively high concentrations of these antibiotics were necessary to inhibit the growth of most of the strains of Listeria. The combination of penicillin plus streptomycin was synergistic against 19 of 20 strains and in the remaining strain produced enhanced killing (but of less magnitude than our criterion for synergism). Combinations of penicillin plus gentamicin, ampicillin plus streptomycin, and ampicillin plus gentamicin produced enhanced killing against all strains tested. No antagonism was observed when ampicillin or penicillin was combined with streptomycin or gentamicin.


Activity of two chlorinated lincomycin analogues against chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in owl monkeys. The chloroquine-resistant Oak Knoll strain of Plasmodium falciparum, recently adapted to the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), was insusceptible to chloroquine therapy. Two chlorinated lincomycin analogues tested in this host-parasite system cured blood-induced infections. Acute infections were treated orally for 7 consecutive days with either 15 or 75 mg of clindamycin hydrochloride (U-21) per kg per day, 10 or 50 mg of N-demethyl-4'-pentyl clindamycin hydrochloride (U-24) per kg per day, or 20 mg of chloroquine base per kg per day. These lincomycin analogues cleared trophozoites from the peripheral blood by the end of the 7-day treatment period. The speed of clearance of parasites was not dose-related, but curative activity appeared dependent upon the amount of drug given as well as the number of daily treatments. The efficacy of U-21 and U-24 is of particular interest since they represent major structural departures from compounds commonly used in the treatment of malaria.


Relationship between the uptake of isoniazid and its action on in vivo mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A direct relationship was established between the rate of uptake of isoniazid and the action of this drug on in vivo mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. The rate of uptake of isoniazid increased linearly with its external concentration and appeared to reach a maximal value of 52 pmoles per hr per 10(9) cells at an external concentration of about 13 mum. Correspondingly, the rate of inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis increased with the rise in the rate of uptake of the drug. A 50% inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis occurred when the uptake of isoniazid reached 5.2 pmoles per 10(9) cells. Calculations showed that this level of drug uptake represents an internal cellular concentration of 9 mum. These results show clearly that the action of isoniazid on the mycolate synthetase system of M. tuberculosis is rapid and that this enzyme system is highly sensitive to the drug.


Immunochemical studies on lipopolysaccharide from agglutinable and non-agglutinable vibrios. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from Vibrio cholerae and a non-agglutinable (NAG; not agglutinable with O-group I serum according to Gardner and Venkatraman [13]) vibrio strain, isolated from a patient with cholera-like clinical symptoms, have been compared with respect to their chemical composition and immunological behavior. In addition to a significant difference in the chemical composition between the two lipopolysaccharides, the LPS from V. cholerae, unlike that from the NAG vibrio, requires prior treatment with alkali for it to be an effective antigen in the indirect hemagglutination test with sheep cells. It has been suggested that the alkali acts by removing excess O-acetyl group from LPS of agglutinable vibrios. LPS from the NAG vibrio consistently showed a lower antibody response in rabbits in terms of agglutinin and vibriocidal titer. Also, the class of agglutinin antibody elicited by LPS of the NAG vibrio was predominantly immunoglobin M, and that from V. cholerae was immunoglobulin G under comparable conditions.


Some factors affecting the viability of dried bacteria during storage in vacuo. The effects of various substances on the viability of freeze-dried cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella newport were studied during storage in vacuo for 5 years. Mixtures of two organisms were dried together and studied in two factorial experiments. The first was a complete factorial using six factors and two levels; the second was a fractional replicate with four factors at two levels and three others at four concentrations. A study of ribose binding by cells of S. newport was made by using [U-(14)C]ribose. Substantial improvements in viability were obtained by drying in the presence of sucrose, glutamate, and semicarbazide. Low concentrations of ribose increased the death rate during drying, but these adverse effects were prevented by equimolar amounts of semicarbazide. Ribose binding increased with storage time and, although its incorporation changed, most of the increase in total ribose occurred after the main decrease in viability. Storage temperature caused larger changes in viability than did level changes of residual water in the cells. Although the results are complicated by a large number of interactions, they confirm and extend the hypothesis that reactions between carbonyl compounds and cellular components are a major cause of the mortality occurring during storage of dried microorganisms. A particular mixture of sucrose, glutamate, and semicarbazide is proposed as a means of reducing death when prolonged storage in the dry state is desired.


Comparative denitrification of selected microorganisms in a culture medium and in autoclaved soil. The denitrifying behavior of selected soil bacteria was compared in a culture solution and in soil that was sterilized by autoclaving. The essential characteristics concerning nitrate reduction and the formation of nitrogenous gases did not change significantly for most bacteria in the two environments. Bacteria whose denitrification product was nitrous oxide evolved the same gas both in soil and in a liquid system, whereas other bacteria formed only nitrogen gas. The validity of laboratory observations in relation to field studies in the domain of denitrification is discussed and evaluated.


Stomach fermentation in East African Colobus monkeys in their natural state. The microbial fermentation in the stomachs of two monkeys, Colobus polykomos, collected in Kenya, was studied. The gas accumulated within the stomach contained H(2) but no CH(4). Volatile fatty acid concentrations were high, but accumulated acid prevented determination of the fermentation rate in untreated, incubated stomach contents. Upon addition of bicarbonate, a very rapid rate could be demonstrated. Some D- and L-lactate were in the stomach contents. Starchy seeds or fruits rather than leaves appeared to have been consumed. Microscopically, the most prominent microorganisms seen were large, very refringent cocci, possibly Sarcina ventriculi, and various smaller cocci and rods. The 28 cultured strains of bacteria included 14 Staphylococcus, 2 Streptococcus, 10 Propionibacterium, and 2 Peptostreptococcus. The culture count constituted 10 to 20% of the direct count. No protozoa or cellulolytic bacteria were found.


New system for cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A modified Thayer-Martin medium, containing 2.0% agar, 0.25% dextrose, and 5.0 mug of trimethoprim per ml was compared to Thayer-Martin medium for growth of stock cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and for isolation of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. Stock cultures and male urethral cultures grew equally well on both media, but the modified Thayer-Martin medium detected 10% more female patients positive for gonococci. A description is given of the use of a citric acid-sodium bicarbonate tablet for generating carbon dioxide in a sealed plastic bag containing a culture plate. Equivalent results were obtained on duplicate plates of 336 cultures and specimens when this procedure was compared with the standard candle jar extinction method of incubation. The tablet and plastic bag system has the advantages of economy, ease of use, and safety.


Velocity profiles in the retinal microcirculation.


Some observations on the propagation of avian infectious bronchitis virus in tissue culture.


Agglutination of red blood cells by polyelectrolytes and antibodies.


Editorial: Acute cavitary histoplasmosis--fact or fiction?


Lower lung field tuberculosis.

Lower lung field tuberculosis.


Right coronary arterial spasm causing Prinzmetal's variant angina.


Serotaxonomy of Aotus. A preliminary study.


Distribution, divergence and speciation of the drill and mandrill.


Parental care in a group of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).


Social structure of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus, Iquitos): relationships among behavior, heartrate, and physical distance.


Two outbreaks of Bacillus cereus food poisoning in Canada.


Interrelationship of blood groups between rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Celebes ape (Macaca niger).


Immediate surgical repositioning of one- and two-tooth dento-osseous segments.


Prevention of postoperative symptoms by general antibiotic treatment and local bandage in removal of mandibular third molars.


Neomycin-bacitracin cones in impacted third molar sockets.


Unusual complication following surgically treated fracture of the mandibular condyle.


Fibrosarcoma of the tongue.

Fibrosarcoma of the tongue.


The evaluation of ankle pathology with arthrography.


M-81, a new peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus subsp. Psychrophilus at moderate temperature.


On the mode of action of hodydamycin.

On the mode of action of hodydamycin.


Cryomycin and M-81 production from hexamethylenediamine.


New metabolic products of Aspergillus flavus. IV. 4'-Hydroxyasperentin and 5'-hydroxyasperentin 8-methyl ether.


Cytological evidence for catecholamine-containing sensory cells bordering the ventricle of the toad hypothalamus.


Antibodies to sperms and seminal plasma in infertile couples.


Comparison of three serological methods for the detection of hepatitis-associated antigen.


Laboratory aspects of gonorrhea control. II.


Replacement of functional parenchymal cells by fat and connective tissue in human submandibular salivary glands: an age-related change.


Total body irradiation effects on the bone resorption mechanism in rats subjected to orthodontic movements.


A comparative assay of the in-vitro and in-vivo behavior of three chemically induced neoplasms of rat submandibular glands.


Observations on the ultrastructure of the epithelium in oral lichen planus.


The experimental production of odontogenic keratocysts.


Electron microscopy of enamel surface after reactions of apatite accretion.


The acquired pellicle: variability and subject-dependence of specific proteins.


The immunology of cancer.

The immunology of cancer.


Microradiographic study of human temporomandibular disks obtained at autopsy.


Defensive use by an insect of a plant resin. Larvae of the sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), when disturbed, discharge an oily oral effluent essentially identical chemically to the terpenoid resin of its host plant (Pinus sylvestris). The resin is sequestered by the larva upon feeding, and stored in two compressible diverticular pouches of the foregut. The fluid is effectively deterrent to predators. The defensive use by an insect of a plant resin provides an instance of secondary utilization by a herbivore of the protective chemical weaponry of its host.


Medical Grand Rounds: from the Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Medical Center. Meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia.


A note on the susceptibility of sheep and goats to East Coast fever.


Timely topics in microbiology, 1972: gram positive.


Results and problems of O-Glycoside synthesis.


Recent discoveries in the evolution of protein.


The effects of prefrontal lobotomy on aggressive behavior in dogs.


Mycoplasma bovigenitalium: experimental induction of genital disease in bulls.


Hepatitis associated antigen in blood donors in Ethiopia.


Rumen microbial numbers in lambs as affected by level of feed intake and dietary diethylstilestrol.


Intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum: report of a case with roentgenologic and endoscopic appearance.


Regional circulatory adjustments to eating and digestion in conscious unrestrained primates.


Contributions to the optimal use of human blood. 3. Large-scale preparation of human c1 esterase inhibitor concentrate for clinical use.


An international proficiency survey for the detection of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in blood donations by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.


Presence of chronic lymphoid leukaemia associated antigen in other malignant haematological diseases.


Sexual differences in the anterior dentition in African primates.


Canine role in dental wear patterns: Macaca nemestrina.


Thermal solubility of gene 8 coast protein in 2 M urea for fd phage.


Chemical modification of tyrosine residue in "toxin B" from the venom of the Indian cobra, Naja naja.


Effects of carboxyhemoglobin on the determination of methemoglobin in blood.


Prolonged remissions of lymphatic leukemia in DBA-2 mice induced with endogenously produced lactate dehydrogenase antibody.


Assay of phospholipids in the amniotic fluid.


Insulin: a comparison of the results of plasma and serum assays using a double-antibody technique.


Purification and properties of S-100 protein from porcine brain.


The occurrence and nature of precipitating antibodies in anti-DNA sera.


L-histidine ammonia-lyase in rat liver. I. Purification and general characteristics.


Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to viral nucleic acid. VII. Further studies on Ca2+-induced competence.


Biosynthesis of seminolipid: sulfation in vivo and in vitro.


Formation and reversion of Streptomycete protoplasts: cultural condition and morphological study.


Mesosomes in Bacillus cereus 569 and the production of extra membranes by treatment with actinomycin-D.


Effects of sodium dodecyl sulphate on the structure of purified pyocin sheaths.


An investigation by autoradiography and electron microscopy of the localization of prenols in Lactobacillus casei.


Failure of buffered 5-hydroxytryptamine to increase brain capillary permeability to albumin in monkeys.


Biologic characteristics of transformed rhesus foreskin cells infected with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus.


Myiasis of the external auditory meatus.


The value of alpha-fetoprotein in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.


Location of double bonds in long chain esters by methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectroscopy.


Pyruvate carboxylase cold inactivation and sulfhydryl groups.


Further parasites of the family Garniidae (Coccidiida: Haemosporidiidea) in Brazilian lizards. Fallisia effusa gen.nov., sp.nov. and Fallisia modesta gen.nov., sp.nov.


Minor physical anomalies and neurologic status in hyperactive boys.


An unusual lymphoma of the palate.

An unusual lymphoma of the palate.


Metabolism of the hydroxyethylrutosides. II. Excretion and metabolism of 3',4',7-tri-O-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutoside and related compounds in laboratory animals after parenteral administration.


On the nature of the haploid syndrome in Bufo arenarum.


Maintenance treatment of chronic schizophrenia with neuroleptic drugs.


Radiation quality independent liquid ionization chamber for dosimetry of electron radiation from medical accelerators.


Gastrointestinal protein loss induced by 60Co irradiation of the abdomen in mice.


Effect of radiation treatment on cell-mediated immune response in carcinoma of the breast.


Reaction of bromoacetazolamide with crystals of human carbonic anhydrase C.


Fibrin gel structure: influence of calcium and covalent cross-linking on the elasticity.


Nonidentity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the principal protein target of hepatic azocarcinogen.


Nitrogen isotope effects on the papain-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-argininamide.


Immunologic and electrophoretic identity between nervous system-specific proteins antigen alpha and 14-3-2.


Intimal thickening in normocholesterolemic rhesus monkeys fed low supplements of dietary cholesterol.


Prostaglandin B2-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction of the canine hind paw.


Measurement of IgG and albumin content of cerebrospinal fluid, and its interpretation.


Ascaridia galli: effects of immunosuppressive drugs or bursectomy in chickens.


Theileria annulata: cross-reactions between a cell culture schizont antigen and antigens of East African species in the indirect fluorescent antibody test.


Lack of protection against Trypanosoma cruzi by multiple doses of T. lewisi culture forms. A discussion on some strains of "lewisi".


Mycolonus epilepsy with cherry-red spot in adult: a peculiar form of mucopolysaccharidosis. (A clinical genetic, chemical and ultrastructural study).


Hymenolepis diminuta: an electron microscope study of ion absorption.


Protein uptake by the intestine: evidence for absorption of intact macromolecules.


A million procrustean beds.

A million procrustean beds.


Changes in intestinal lactase and alkaline phosphatase activity levels with age in the baboon (Papio papio).


Anaerobic bacteria isolated from decubitus ulcers.


Radioimmunoassay methods for carcinoembryonic antigen.


Diagnostic serology inhuman mycoplasmas.


Combination of absorption technique and alpha-amylase activity determination in the same gel medium.


The measurement of IgG anti-IgG antibody in rheumatoid arthritis.


Reversed electroimmunodiffusion for quantitating precipitins.


Haemaccel--an improved diluent for incomplete enzyme treated anti-Rh serum.


The use of cholera toxin for obtaining rabbit secretory immunoglobulins.


A method for demonstrating mono- and oligomeric units of IgA myeloma proteins in the mouse.


The antigen and virus of Aleutian disease in mink.


Micro-capillary agglutination.

Micro-capillary agglutination.


A two-stage method for cross-linking antibody globulin to ferritin by glutaraldehyde. II. Antigen binding and agglutinating capacity.


Superior colliculus neurons studied during head and eye movements of the behaving monkey.


Studies on mechanism of inhibition of cardiac muscle contractile tension by ryanodine. Mechanical response.


Evaluation of the effects of the finger fracture technique used in hepatic resection.


Histochemical study of few enzymes in the adrenaline treated heart of fresh water crab, Paratelphusa masoniana.


Action of exogenous thymidine in vivo on progenitor cell cycle in intestinal epithelium.


Cytochemical investigations of the metabolism of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages.


Ultrahistochemical demonstration of positively charged groups at the surface of human red blood cells.


I. Distribution of urea-stable and urea-labile lactate dehydrogenase activity in rabbit aorta following a single mechanical dilatation injury: a histochemical study on methodology and histotopography.


Effect of estradiol on the mouse female reproductive system in organ culture.


Comparative recovery of 1972-1973 influenza virus isolates in embryonated eggs and primary rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures after one freeze-thaw cycle.


Antimycobacterial activity of some quinolyl aryl sulfides, sulfones, and ethers, in vitro. A series of 61 compounds of six different categories (nitrosulfides, nitrosulfones, aminosulfides, aminosulfones, nitroethers, and aminoethers), all heterocyclic analogues of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DADS), were synthesized by replacing one of the benzene rings of DADS by a 5-nitro-quinoline ring and the other benzene ring by various heterocyclic nuclei. Among these compounds, 51 were found to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a concentration of 40 mug or less per ml; 8 compounds were effective at a concentration of 1 mug/ml and 9 were effective at a concentration of 0.1 mug/ml. 5-Amino-8-quinolyl-2,4-dichlorophenyl sulfide was found to be 20 times more effective than isonicotinic acid hydrazide and 80 times more effective than streptomycin.


Butirosin, a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex: bacterial origin and some microbiological studies. Butirosin, a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex, was produced by submerged fermentation with each of two strains of Bacillus circulans. A paper-disc, agar-diffusion assay which employs Escherichia coli (P-D 04863) as the test organism has been developed. Shaken-flask and stirred-jar fermentations in a medium containing glycerol, soybean meal, meat peptone, ammonium chloride, and calcium carbonate reach titers of 500 to 700 mug of butirosin base per ml. Butirosin is active against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Concentrations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the serum of patients with acute Salmonella enteric fever. Concentrations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol were measured in the serum of patients being treated for acute infections by Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi A. Ampicillin was administered by the oral or intramuscular routes, whereas chloramphenicol was given orally only. Ampicillin concentrations were highest 1 hr after initiation of intramuscular therapy and 2 hr after oral administration. The serum concentration of ampicillin was significantly higher when it was given intramuscularly than when it was given orally. However, serum concentrations in orally treated patients were approximately the same at 1 hr after the fifth dose as they were 1 hr after the first dose, in contrast to intramuscularly treated patients, in whom the serum concentration of ampicillin was significantly lower 1 hr after the fifth dose. On the other hand, serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were significantly higher after the fifth dose than after the first dose. The rates of cure, relapse, and drug treatment failure were similar for all treatment regimens, and the drug concentrations attained in serum were generally above the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infecting salmonellae.


Inhibition of growth of T-strain mycoplasmas by hydroxamic acids and by aurothiomalate. Sorbyl-, benzoyl-, and 3-amino-benzoyl hydroxamic acids inhibited the development of an alkaline pH by T-strain cultures grown in broth containing 0.05% urea and phenol red. The specificity of this urease inhibition was demonstrated by the inhibition, by 10(-4)m sorbyl-hydroxamic acid, of the release of (14)CO(2) from (14)C-urea by washed T-strain mycoplasmas in 4 hr of incubation. Sorbyl-, benzoyl-, and 3-amino-benzoyl hydroxamic acids at a concentration of 10(-3)m markedly inhibited the multiplication of T-strain 354 during 18 hr of incubation; this inhibition was not corrected by thymidine at a concentration of 500 mug per ml. Aurothiomalate was 20 times more inhibitory to Mycoplasma hominis DC-63 than to T-strain 354; equivalent inhibitory concentrations were 50 mug per ml for M. hominis and 1,200 mug per ml for T strains.


Uptake and binding of 14C-ethambutol by tubercle bacilli and the relation of binding to growth inhibition. Studies were designed to characterize ethambutol uptake by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) and to relate uptake to the time-dependent, concentration-independent nature of growth inhibition by ethambutol. When cells grown aerated at 37 C in Sauton medium were exposed for 7 hr to 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mug of (14)C-ethambutol per ml, uptake increased with time and was a linear function of concentration. The process was inhibited at 22 C. Studies with chloramphenicol, sodium azide, and 2,4-dinitrophenol indicated that uptake is independent of requirements for protein synthesis and energy. The organism did not accumulate ethambutol against a concentration gradient. It can be concluded that ethambutol enters the cells in a passive manner. Kinetic studies of (14)C loss from tubercle bacilli pretreated with labeled drug suggested the existence of two ethambutol fractions within the cell: a highly variable labile pool and a second fraction that is small and quite firmly bound. Levels of cell-bound drug may be independent of total uptake, but this possibility was not established unequivocally. Definitive evidence showing identity in the concentrations of bound drug regardless of total uptake could explain the apparent discrepancy between concentration-dependent uptake and concentration-independent growth inhibition.


Simple photometric assay of beta-lactamase activity. A simple photometric assay of beta-lactamase activity was developed. The method is based on a decrease in optical density at 620 nm caused by the formation of a penicilloic acid-iodine complex. The enzymatic reaction is instantaneously stopped by the addition of a concentrated iodine-tungstate solution. Data showing the time and concentration dependence of the reaction are presented. By varying both the time of the assay and the concentration of the enzyme, substrates of widely different V(max) values could be assayed. The assay is compared with other methods of determining beta-lactamase activity.


The role of lysosomes in production of ischemic nerve cell changes.


Cue-locus--a factor in the behavioral deficiency of the developing protein-malnourished monkey (Macaca Mulatta).


Editorial: Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity.


Editorial: Gonorrhoea of the pharynx.

Editorial: Gonorrhoea of the pharynx.


Diagnosis and treatment of essential fatty acid deficiency in man. Essential fatty acid deficiency was found on four occasions in three adult patients with malabsorption after intestinal resection. Diagnosis was primarily based on the gas chromatographic finding of the abnormal fatty acid 5, 8, 11- (omega9) eicosatrienoic acid in plasma lecithin. None of the patients had received parenteral nutrition with a fat-free source of calories but all had been on a reduced intake of dietary fat at some stage. Treatment with intravenous Intralipid rapidly reversed the abnormal plasma fatty acid pattern and also cleared the rash in the patient wih he most severe deficiency.


Prevalence of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in prostitutes. We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and antibody (HBAb) in 293 prostitutes and in 379 pregnant women of similar age and of low socioeconomic level, who served as controls. HBAg was found in 4.4% of prostitutes and 3.4% of controls. The prevalence of HBAb was significantly higher (P <0.001) in prostitutes (56.7%) than in controls (24.5%). The prevalence of HBAb was clearly age-dependent in both groups. Evidence of hepatitis B virus infection significantly increased with the number of years in prostitution. The evidence of increased infection rates among prostitutes and their distribution support the hypothesis that hepatitis B infection is sexually transmitted.


"Anticonvulsant action" of vitamin D in epileptic patients? A controlled pilot study. The frequency of epileptic seizures was observed in a controlled therapeutic trial on 23 epileptic inpatients before and after treatment with vitamin D(2) or placebo in addition to anticonvulsant drugs. The number of seizures was reduced during treatment with vitamin D(2) but not with placebo. The effect was unrelated to changes in serum calcium or magnesium. The results may support the concept that epileptics should be treated prophylactically with vitamin D.


Immunochemical method for quantitative estimation of an inducible enzyme--lupanine hydroxylase.


Complications of intravenous alimentation in seriously ill infants.


Chemically defined diets.

Chemically defined diets.


The Fürbringer hypothesis of nerve-muscle specificity reexamined with respect to the facial musculature.


Clinical experiences with the use of cromolyn sodium in asthmatic children.


Asthma. Panel discussion. Question and answer session.


Selection of patients for cromolyn therapy.


Asthma control: an update.

Asthma control: an update.


Analysis of tRNAs during the development of Drosophila.


Expression of xanthine dehydrogenase activity during embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster.


The maternal and zygotic control of development by cinnamon, a new mutant in Drosophila melanogaster.


Variations in myoneme birefringence in relation to length changes in Stentor coeruleus.


The shuttling activity of nuclear RNAs is not an artefact of experimental manipulation.


The synthetic and minimal culture requirements for evagination of imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster in vitro.


The oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis, mating type 1, variety 1. I. Solubilization and electrophoretic separation of oral apparatus proteins.


Personnel practices in long-term care facilities.


Polycarboxylate cement as a pulp capping agent.


Carbamazepine for epilepsy. A controlled prospective evaluation.


Radionuclide scanning and microangiography of evolving and completed brain infarction. A correlative study in monkeys.


Simultaneous measurement of internal and external carotid blood flow in the monkey. An approach to the study of migraine mechanisms.


Effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin on iodine metabolism in rabbits.


Role of histaminase and corticosterone on the depletion of tissue histamine in the irradiated rats.


The immunosuppressive potency of antilymphocyte serum is related to activity against human thymic lymphocyte-specific antigens.


Prophylactic antibiotics in elective abdominal hysterectomy.


An integrated direct functional test of the adenohypophysis.


The effect of force on craniofacial development.


Separation of sulfur-containing components of transfer ribonucleic acid on Bio-Gel P-2 and Sephadex G-10 columns.


Automated determination of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in human erythrocytes.


Semi-automated ninhydrin assay of Kjeldahl nitrogen.


Intraocular injection of gentamicin. Single injection therapy of experimental bacterial endophthalmitis.


Acid hydrolase deficiencies and abnormal glycoproteins in mucolipidosis. 3 (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy).


Proceedings: Population differences in meiotic recombination frequency between loci on chromosome 1.


Proceedings: A family study suggesting genetic linkage of phosphopyruvate hydratse (enolase) to the Rh blood group system.


Further evidence for cortical control over replication of the macronucleus and basal bodies in Stentor.


Transplantation of nuclei into the polar plasm of Drosophila eggs.


Effect of cytochalasin B on the evagination in vitro of leg imaginal discs.


Pigment cell development in rhesus monkey eyes: an electron microscopic and histochemical study.


Development of glycogen storage ability under cortisol control in primary cultures of rat fetal hepatocytes.


Temperature-sensitive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. 8. Temperature-sensitive periods of the lethal and morphological phenotypes of selected combinations of notch-locus mutations.


Pattern formation in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster after irradiation of embryos and young larvae.


The development of the imaginal abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster.


Developmental properties of Shibire: a pleiotropic mutation affecting larval and adult locomotion and development.


Partricin, an antifungal and antiprotozoal polyene antibiotic.


Editorial: Coxsackie heart disease.

Editorial: Coxsackie heart disease.


Comparative study of Minocycline and Ampicillin in the treatment of urinary tract infections.


Bioavailability of primidone in epileptic patients.


Effect of long-term administration of Pindolol (LB-46, Visken) in essential circulatory hyperkinesis. A double-blind, cross-over study.


The use of tissue adhesive (isobutyl cyanoacrylate) and topical steroid (0.1 percent dexamethasone) in experimental tympanoplasty.


Studies on the surface of chick blastoderm cells. 3. Calcium binding to ionogenic sites.


Effects of lead on the vestibular system: preliminary findings.


Letter: When is glutamate neurotoxic?

Letter: When is glutamate neurotoxic?


Policy options and the impact of national health insurance.


Diabetic ketoacidosis.

Diabetic ketoacidosis.


The effect of experimental spasm on the CO2 response of cerebral bloodflow in primates.


Autolysis in Listeria monocytogenes: effect of inhibitors of cell wall and protein synthesis.


Lipid and bone matrix calcification in vitro.


Hypertonic salt extraction of HL-A antigens: assessment of protease activity.


Growth inhibition and pyocin receptor properties of endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Factors affecting autolysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


Sensitization of E. coli to the serum bactericidal system and to lysozyme by ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid.


Chemistry of hypothalamic releasing factors.


Further observations on the structure and function of median eminence, with reference to the organization of RF-producing elements in the endocrine hypothalamus.


The influence of the circadian thyrotropin rhythm on the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects.


Investigation of Bacillus subtilis mutants with changed capacity for formation of competent cells.


Influence of vasopressin and topical bile salts on the gastric mucosal barrier of the subhuman primate.


Total body potassium in surgical patients.


Affective state and thyrotropin and prolactin responses after repeated injections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients.


The relationships between nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis. The third Rubbo Memorial Oration, 1972.


Concentrations of immunoglobulins and albumin in lymph collected from various regions of the body of the sheep.


D-alanine carboxypeptidase from Streptococcus faecalis.


Estimations of membrane potentials in Streptococcus faecalis by means of a fluorescent probe.


Adsorption of bacteriophages specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa R factors RP1 and R1822.


Discrimination of isolation peep variants by squirrel monkeys.


Incidence of minor fractures in twisting injuries of the ankle.


Medial dislocation of the ankle without fracture: a case report.


Comparison of ophthalmic vehicles using fluorescein uptake technique.


Cross reactions to antigens causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis.


Erythema marginatum preceding hereditary angioedema.


Factors influencing the frequency of mesosomes observed in fixed and unfixed cells of Streptococcus faecalis. Mesosomes of Streptococcus faecalis (American Type Culture Collection 9790) were seen about 92% less frequently in freeze fractures of unfixed cells than in freeze fractures and sections of fixed cells. This difference in frequency was not related to any period of unbalanced macromolecular synthesis induced by chemical fixation. All measured synthetic processes (DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, and glycerol incorporation) were halted with either osmium tetroxide (OS) or glutaraldehyde fixation. That fewer mesosomes were seen in freeze fractures of unfixed cells was probably due to the difficulty of observing cross-fractured mesosomes in this organism in the unfixed state. Unfortunately, mesosomes probably preferentially cross fracture in the unfixed state and therefore are usually only observed, infrequently, in those cases where the freeze fracture follows the surface layer of a mesosomal membrane. However, the addition of glycerol to unfixed cells, especially in the chilled state, greatly increased the frequency of observation of cytoplasmic mesosomes in freeze fractures. It is thought that glycerol, like chemical fixation, increases the number of surface-fractured mesosomes, which in turn increases the frequency of mesosome observation. It was also observed that cellular autolysis occurring during OS fixation seemingly reduced the number of mesosomes observed in thin sections and freeze fractures of OS-fixed cells.


Nafenopin-induced hepatic microbody (peroxisome) proliferation and catalase synthesis in rats and mice. Absence of sex difference in response. Nafenopin (2-methyl-2[p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)phenoxy]-propionic acid; Su-13437), a potent hypolipidemic compound, was administered in varying concentrations in ground Purina Chow to male and female rats, wild type (Cs(a) strain) mice and acatalasemic (Cs(b) strain) mice to determine the hepatic microbody proliferative and catalase-inducing effects. In all groups of animals, administration of nafenopin at dietary levels of 0.125% and 0.25% produced a significant and sustained increase in the number of peroxisomes. The hepatic microbody proliferation in both male and female rats and wild type Cs(a) strain mice treated with nafenopin was of the same magnitude and was associated with a two-fold increase in catalase activity and in the concentration of catalase protein. The increase in microbody population in acatalasemic mice, although not accompanied by increase in catalase activity, was associated with a twofold increase in the amount of catalase protein. The absence of sex difference in microbody proliferative response in nafenopin-treated rats and wild type mice is of particular significance, since ethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB)-induced microbody proliferation and increase in catalase activity occurred only in males. Nafenopin can, therefore, be used as an inducer of microbody proliferation and of catalase synthesis in both sexes of rats and mice. The serum glycerol-glycerides were markedly lowered in all the animals given nafenopin, which paralleled the increase in liver catalase. All the above effects of nafenopin were fully reversed when the drug was withdrawn from the diet of male rats. During reversal, several microbody nucleoids were seen free in the hyaloplasm or in the dilated endoplasmic reticulum channels resulting from a rapid reduction in microbody matrix proteins after the withdrawal of nafenopin from the diet. Because of microbody proliferation and catalase induction with increasing number of hypolipidemic compounds, additional studies are necessary to determine the interrelationships of microbody proliferation, catalase induction, and hypolipidemia.


Accumulation of replicative intermediates of mitochondrial DNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis grown in ethidium bromide. The effect of growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis in ethidium bromide (EthBr) on the structure and synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been investigated. During the first 5 h of growth in EthBr, mtDNA synthesis is inhibited 95% or more. After 10-15 h, this block is partially released and large numbers of replicating molecules accumulate, indicating that inhibition by EthBr primarily affects the rate of chain growth and not the initiation of new rounds of replication. The accumulated molecules sediment more rapidly than normal Tetrahymena mtDNA and do not contain enough single-strand regions to distinguish them from normal Tetrahymena mtDNA when banded in buoyant CsCl or NaI gradients. Electron microscopy shows that the predominant species in this rapidly sedimenting DNA is a linear molecule containing one symmetrical double-stranded replication loop of varying size located at its center. No degradation of mtDNA from cells grown in EthBr was detected in alkaline velocity gradients.


Autoradiographic localization of 13N after fixation of 13N-labeled nitrogen gas by a heterocyst-forming blue-green alga. (13)N, generated by proton bombardment of (13)C powder, is rapidly and easily converted to (13)N-N(2), 0.01 atm pressure, ca. 10 mCi/ml, by automated Dumas combustion. (13)N fixed (as (13)N-N(2)) by algal filaments was localized by an autoradiographic technique which permits track autoradiography with isotopes having short half-lives. Our findings show directly that a minimum of about 25% of the N(2) fixation by intact, aerobically grown filaments of Anabaena cylindrica is carried out by the heterocysts. If all of the N(2) fixation takes place in the heterocysts, then the movement of nitrogen along the filaments can be characterized by a constant tau < ca. 5 s (cell(-2)).


Vasopressin-induced changes in the toad urinary bladder epithelial surface.


Action of cytochalasin D on cells of established lines. I. Early events. HeLa, Vero, L, HEp2, and MDBK cells respond immediately to 0.2-0.5 microg/ml cytochalasin D (CD) with sustained contraction (contracture), loss of microvilli, expression of endoplasmic contents (zeiosis), nuclear protrusion, and extension of cytoplasmic processes. The development of these changes is depicted, and the dose-response patterns in these cell lines are described. MDBK is generally most resistant and HeLa most sensitive to these effects of CD. Cells in G(1) are most sensitive to CD; responsiveness decreases progressively during early S and is least in mid S through G(2). CD inhibits transport of [(14)C]deoxyglucose in HeLa by about 45% but has no significant effect on hexose uptake in Vero and MDBK; sugar transport is thus apparently unrelated to any morphologic effect of CD. Although spreading and attachment are impeded, CD does not decrease and may even enhance the adhesiveness of established monolayers. Contraction appears to be a primary early effect of CD, upon which other visible changes follow. It is prevented by some inhibitors of energy metabolism (deoxyglucose and dinitrophenol) and does not occur in glycerinated models without ATP. The possible bases of the contractile response to CD are discussed. Although direct or indirect action of CD on some microfilaments may occur, a generalized structural disruption of contractile filaments by CD is considered unlikely.


Inhibition by carboxylic acids of an o-diphenol oxidase from Prunus avium fruits.


The efficacy of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of granulating wounds.


Cardiopulmonary changes with veno-arterial bypass in the hypoxic primate.


Mitral valve replacement with the glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine heterograft. Clinical, hemodynamic, and pathological correlations.


Cancer of the gastrointestinal Tract. D. Gastric cancer: treatment principles.


A new diagnostic test for acute myocardial infarction. The detection of myoglobinuria by radioimmunodiffusion assay.


Studies on precipitating antibodies for Aspergillus flavus antigens in patients with proliferative diseases.


Comparative distemper vaccine titrations in ferrets and minks.


Drugs which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis.


Antibiotic-disinfection compatibility studies in solution used for dipping turkey hatching eggs.


The effect of environmental temperature on parathyphoid infection in the neonatal chicken.


Some effects of DDT, toxaphene and polychlorinated biphenyl on thyroid function in Bobwhite quail.


Some causal factors in autogrooming behaviour of adult Stump-Tailed Macaques (Macaca arctoides).


The development of sociosexual behaviours in Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata.


Triadic differentiation: an inhibitory process protecting pair bonds in baboons.


Mercapturic acid biosynthesis: the separate identities of glutathione-S-aryl chloride transferase and ligandin.


The combined effect of glycogen and ATP on the D to I conversion of glycogen synthetase.


Generation of parvalbumin-like proteins from troponin.


The effect of ionic strength on alkaline phosphatase.


Carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme B in the erythrocytes of uremic subjects.


Triiodothyronine radioimmunoassay: a study of the interactions of T3 with anti-T3 antisera and with thyroxine binding globulin in the presence of ANS (ammonium-8-anilino naphthalene-1-sulfonate).


A study on the kinetics of pancreatic kallikrein with the substrate benzoyl arginine ethyl ester using a spectrophotometric assay.


3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol in plasma.


Immunoglobulin A (IgA) with properties of both cryoglobulin and pyroglobulin.


Separation of folates from antibiotics using triethylamino cellulose.


Immunoreactive growth hormone levels in mice with the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome (genotype obob).


Thyrotrophin response to intravenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in patients with hepatic and renal disease.


Localization of proteinase(s) near the cell surface of Streptococcus lactis. Two criteria suggest that most of the proteinase of Streptococcus lactis is localized in the cell wall. (i) Intact cells possess proteinase activity when incubated with a high-molecular-weight substrate. (ii) Most of the cell-bound proteinase activity is released during spheroplast formation under conditions which result in the release of only 1% of the intracellular enzymes aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The solubilized cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm fractions contained 84, 0, and 16%, respectively, of the total proteinase activity with casein as substrate. The physiological role of a surface-bound proteinase in this organism is discussed.


Electron microscope and autoradiographic study of ultrastructural aspects of competence and deoxyribonucleic acid absorption in Bacillus subtilis: ultrastructure of competent and noncompetent cells and cellular changes during development of competence. By means of electron microscope autoradiography of component cultures of Bacillus subtilis exposed to [(3)H]thymidine-labeled transforming deoxyribonucleic acid competent and noncompetent cells can be distinguished. Competence is not limited to a specific phase of the cell division cycle. With serial section electron microscopy of competent and noncompetent cells, two types of mesosomal structures are observed: mesosomes connected to the plasma membrane only (plasma membrane mesosomes) and mesosomes which are additionally connected to the nuclear bodies (nuclear mesosomes). The two types show different cellular distributions. Especially the number of nuclear mesosomes is higher in competent than in noncompetent cells. This, and the observation that the increase and decrease of competence is correlated with both the number of cells carrying nuclear mesosomes and the number of nuclear mesosomes per cell, suggests that mesosomes are involved in the acquisition of competence.


Novel ribonucleic acid species accumulated in the dark in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. In the dark, the obligately photoautotrophic blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans accumulates large relative amounts of two novel stable ribonucleic acid species (RNAs). These species are also made in illuminated cells but are unstable in them. When darkened cells are reilluminated, these RNAs are rapidly degraded; degradation is inhibited by chloramphenicol. Upon denaturation with heat or urea, one novel species (0.33 x 10(6) daltons) dissociates into two fragments that comigrate with the second novel species (0.16 x 10(6) daltons) on polyacrylamide gels. Both RNAs are associated with particles sedimenting between 30S and 50S through sucrose gradients and are removed from these particles at low magnesium concentration. The function(s) of these RNAs remains unknown.


Electron microscope and autoradiographic study of ultrastructural aspects of competence and deoxyribonucleic acid absorption in Bacillus subtilis: localization of uptake and of transport of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid in competent cells. With the aid of serial-section electron microscopy two types of mesosomes can be distinguished in cells of competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis: (i) mesosomes connected to the plasma membrane only (plasma membrane mesosomes) and (ii) mesosomes which extend from the plasma membrane into the nuclear bodies (nuclear mesosomes). Contrary to plasma membrane mesosomes, nuclear mesosomes are absent from the tip zones. Electron microscopic autoradiography of sections of Bacillus subtilis cells exposed to [(3)H]thymidine-labeled transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for a short period of time shows that the DNA becomes associated with mesosomes. As a function of time the DNA migrates towards the nucleoids. Transport of DNA is completed within 15 to 60 min after termination of DNA uptake. During its migration the DNA continues to be associated with mesosomes, presumably with nuclear mesosomes. DNA initially associated with plasma membrane mesosomes of the tip zones is probably transported first towards the middle zones peripherally and from there towards the nucleoids.


An unusual mutant affecting the frequency of organelle mutation. A mutant of Euglena gracilis Z is described that spontaneously produces irreversibly bleached mutants at a high frequency. Bleaching only occurs during exponential growth under highly aerobic conditions. The kinetics for bleaching and growth of bleached and nonbleached cells suggest that mutation is induced by segregation of a cellular component that becomes limiting after several culture generations. The properties of spontaneous bleaching closely resemble the properties of induced organelle mutagenesis in E. gracilis and yeast.


Outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli. 3. Evidence that the major protein of Escherichia coli O111 outer membrane consists of four distinct polypeptide species. Previous studies have shown that the outer membrane of Escherichia coli O111 gives a single, major, 42,000-dalton protein peak when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at neutral pH. Further studies have shown that this peak consists of more than a single polypeptide species, and on alkaline SDS-gel electrophoresis this single peak is resolved into three subcomponents designated as proteins 1, 2, and 3. By chromatography of solubilized, outer membrane protein on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of SDS, it was possible to separate the 42,000-dalton major protein into four distinct protein fractions. Comparison of cyanogen bromide peptides derived from these fractions indicated that they represented at least four distinct polypeptide species. Two of these proteins migrated as proteins 1 and 2 on alkaline gels. The other two proteins migrated as protein 3 on alkaline gels and cannot be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In purified form, these major proteins do not contain bound lipopolysaccharide, phospholipid, or phosphate. These proteins may contain a small amount of carbohydrate, as evidenced by the labeling of these proteins by glucosamine, and to a lesser extent by glucose, under conditions where the metabolism of these sugars to amino acids and lipids is blocked. All of the proteins were labeled to the same extent by these sugars. Thus, it was concluded that there are at least four distinct polypeptide species with apparent molecular masses of about 42,000 daltons in the outer membrane of E. coli O111.


Lipoteichoic acids from Streptococcus sanguis. Two lipoteichoic acids, membrane (MLTA) and wall (WLTA), have been purified from Streptococcus sanguis by Sepharose and Ecteola-cellulose column chromatographies and concanavalin A-conjugated Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The teichoic acids were homogenous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis, column chromatography, and double diffusion tests. Both MLTA and WLTA consisted of glycerol, phosphate, glucose, and fatty acids in the ratios of 0.95:1:0.71:0.046 and 0.99:1:0.79:0.023, respectively. alpha-Glycerol-phosphate was obtained by the partial acid hydrolysis of the lipoteichoic acids suggesting that their backbone structure consists of the glycerol moieties linked by 1, 3-phosphodiester bonds. Both WLTA and MLTA form aggregates, perhaps due to micelle formation, in concentrated solution. The aggregate form of MLTA dissociates to a much greater extent than that of WLTA under similar conditions.


Polyelectrolyte nature of bacterial teichoic acids. Several physicochemical properties of the teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 have been determined. The teichoic acid partial specific volume was found to be 0.57 ml/g. The apparent weight-average molecular weight of the polymer was 24,800. Sedimentation was strongly dependent on solvent. The sedimentation coefficient of the teichoic acid was found to have a value of s(20.w) (0) = 1.90S. In dilute buffers and distilled water, the teichoic acid possessed a rigid rod or extended conformation. Salts induced a loss of secondary structure in the polymer, resulting in a random coil configuration. Salt-induced structural changes in the teichoic acid were determined by viscosities, ultraviolet difference spectra, and inhibition of precipitation with concanavalin A. Divalent cations such as Mg(2+) had little effect on the teichoic acid structure. The salt-induced structural changes were reversible, as evidenced by return of the original properties upon dialysis of the teichoic acid against water. Sodium chloride inhibited the adsorption of bacteriophage ø25 to B. subtilis cell walls. Teichoic acid conformation may have a significant influence on the physiology of bacteria.


Detachment and chemical characterization of the regularly arranged subunits from the surface of an Acinetobacter. Acinetobacter sp. strain MJT/F5/199A carries an array of tetragonally arranged subunits on its outer surface. The subunits can be detached from isolated cell walls by incubation with 1 M urea or by washing with water after treatment with 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid. After removal of the urea, they reaggregate into the same ordered array at air-water interfaces in the presence of MgCl(2). The detached subunits were characterized as an acidic protein of molecular weight 65,000. They represent one-fifth of the total cell wall protein.


Penetration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus into host cells. Electron microscopy reveals that, in Bdellovibrio infection, after the formation of a passage pore in the host cell wall, the differentiated parasite penetration pole is associated with the host protoplast. This firm contact persists throughout the parasite penetration and after this process is completed. In penetrated hosts this contact is also apparent by phase microscopy. The association between the walls of the parasite and the host at the passage pore, on the other hand, is transient. Bdellovibrio do not penetrate hosts whose protoplast and cell walls are separated by plasmolysis, or in which the membrane-wall relationship is affected by low turgor pressure. It is concluded, therefore, that for penetration to occur it is essential that the host protoplast be within reach of the parasite, so that a firm contact can be established between them. A penetration mechanism is proposed that is effected by forces generated by fluxes of water and solutes due to structural changes in the infected host envelope. These forces cause a differential expansion of the host protoplast and cell wall and their separation from each other around the entry site, while the parasite remains firmly anchored to the host protoplast. Consequently, the parasite ends up enclosed in the expanded host periplasm. The actual entry, therefore, is a passive act of the parasite.


Effect of temperature on the distribution of membrane particles in Streptococcus faecalis as seen by the freeze-fracture technique. When cells of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 were incubated at temperatures above 10 C before being frozen for freeze-fracture, a random distribution of particles was observed on the outer fracture face of the freeze-cleaved cell membrane. However, when cells were incubated below 10 C before freezing, particleless patches were seen on this membrane surface. The size of the patches produced on chilling could be increased by centrifugation or by storing the chilled cells overnight at about 3 C. Patch formation appeared readily reversible, since the medium and large patches that formed on chilling could not be observed in cells warmed for 10 s at 25 C. However, during the transition from the patch to patchless state, smaller patches not seen in the chilled cells were observed. This suggested that the smaller patches might have been intermediate forms produced by the fragmentation of larger patches on warming.


Cell separation in blue-green bacteria.

Cell separation in blue-green bacteria. Autolysin-like enzymes appear to be responsible for cell separation in Agmenellum quadruplicatum. Mutants that are impaired in cell separation and grow as chains exhibit reduced cell lytic activity. Lysozyme, extracted autolysin, and antibiotics that affect peptidoglycan synthesis phenotypically suppress chain formation. Various aspects of the regulation of the cell separation process were also examined. Studies involving antibiotic inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis and general growth inhibitors provided no evidence for the active regulation of the cell separation process during the latter portion of the division cycle. Evidence was obtained, however, for the partial restriction of peptidogly-can hydrolysis by unknown secondary modifications. The thin electron-dense layer of peptidoglycan along the sides of cells was much more resistant to hydrolysis by egg-white lysozyme than was the septum between daughter cells. The middle portion of the septum was more sensitive than was the layer immediately adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane. Under conditions that would not osmotically stabilize spheroplasts, lysozyme facilitates rapid cell separation in chain-forming mutants with little leakage of cellular protein or loss of viability.


The synthesis of polyribitol phosphate. II. On the mechanism of polyribitol phosphate polymerase.


Unusual molecular properties of human IgG3 proteins due to an extended hinge region.


Symposium on reproduction of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. I. Insect gametogenesis.


Studies on the development of Rhodnius prolixus and the effects of its symbiote Nocardia rhodnii.


Control of plague vectors on Peromyscus maniculatus by use of 2 percent carbaryl dust in bait stations.


Studies of the specificity of an antibody directed against probenecid. Investigations with probenecid analogs.


Effects on drug metabolism of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in the mouse.


The glycogen synthase system in skeletal muscle of normal humans and patients with myotonic dystrophy: effect of glucose and insulin administration.


Calorie supplementation and growth of pre-school children.


Fat-free parenteral alimentation of infants.


Letter: Adrenal regulation of protein synthesis in protein malnutrition.


Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in monkeys fed on adequate and low protein diets. Rhesus monkeys were given either high estrogen, low progesterone or low estrogen-high progesterone oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) and maintained on either a 16% protein diet or a 4% protein diet.  Both OCAs created a small but significant fall in hemoglobin and serum protein.  On both diets, OCAs led to a gradual elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic oxalic transaminase (SGOT) activities.  There were no histologic liver lesions.  On the low protein diet, glucose tolerance was impaired between cycles 10 and 11, and on the high protein diet between cycles 16 and 20.  Vitamins B-12, A, and thiamine tended to be lower in OCA animals.  The conclusion of these experiments is that the hazard of using OCAs is not exaggerated by protein deficiency.


A medium for rapid identification and enumeration of Aspergillus flavus and related organisms.


WHO Expert Committee on Filariasis. Third report.


Food-borne disease: methods of sampling and examination in surveillance programmes. Report of a WHO study group.


Analysis of spore and antibiotic markers in revertants from asporogenous and sporogenous non-producer mutants of Bacillus subtilis.


Utilization of adenosine as a tool in studies on the regulation of liver glycogen biosynthesis.


Metalloalkaline phosphatases from Bacillus subtilis: physicochemical and enzymatic properties.


The physical and chemical properties of a chicken egg white glycoprotein purified by nondenaturing methodology.


Studies on the mechanism of cell attachment to a substratum: evidence for three biochemically distinct processes.


Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase from Lactobacillus casei. I. Functional similarities with the rabbit muscle aldolase.


Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase from Lactobacillus casei. II. Multiple forms and their characteristics.


Purification and properties of tyrosinases from Vibrio tyrosinaticus.


The fate of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobiphenyl following intravenous administration to the thorny skate (Raja radiata) and the winter skate (Raja ocellata).


Tissue modifications in monkeys as related to absorption, distribution, and excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls.


Supratentorial tuberculoma: a case report and review.


Absorption of anticonvulsants after jejunoileal bypass.


Letter: Treatment of angina pectoris.

Letter: Treatment of angina pectoris.


Renal tubular function in asthmatic children on long-term disodium cromoglycate.


A study of the effect of betahistine on gastric acid secretion in man.


Bacteria isolated from imported salted duck eggs.


Neuronal activity in the chronic and acute epileptogenic focus.


Trunk rigidity and limb hypotonia produced in squirrel monkeys by direct cholinergic stimulation of the globus pallidus.


Cells of origin of the spinocervical tract in the monkey.


Cholesteryl ester metabolism in liver and blood plasma of various animal species.


Epileptic neurons during sleep and wakefulness.


Effects of visual cortical lesions upon ambulatory and static localization of light in space.


Rheumatoid factor in a series of 155 subjects with paraproteinaemia of the main immunoglobulin classes.


Pre-institutionalization factors as predictors of adjustment to a long-term care facility.


Isolation procedure for bacterial DNA based on gel permeation chromatography on a sepharose column.


Interactions of sulfonylureas with plasma proteins.


Selenium heterocycles. X. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of pyridyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles and pyridyl-1,2,3-selenadiazoles.


Mild chymotryptic cleavage of human IgG and its major subclasses.


Complex formation between monoclonal IgM and albumin.


Erysipelas-like disease caused by Yersinia enterocolitica.


The prognosis of chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis after long-term antibiotic treatment.


Mumps meningoencephalitis in Stockholm. IV. Attempts at virus isolation from the urine in hospitalized mumps cases with or without diagnosed mumps meningoencephalitis.


In vitro sensitivity of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbenicillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and some other antibiotics.