Milkers' nodules. Some observations on true and false cowpox apropos an outbreak in a closed community.


Calcium and magnesium content of rat liver and Morris Hepatoma 5123 tc.


Insulin release after ACTH, glucagon and adenosine-3'-5'-phosphate (cyclic AMP) in the perfused isolated rat pancreas.


The treatment of infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia with mogadon.


Fine structure of cells infected with respiratory strains of echovirus 11.


Purification and allosteric properties of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked D(-)-specific lactate dehydrogenase from Butyribacterium rettgeri.


Adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and amenorrhea: an incomplete form of pluriglandular insufficiency.


Discoloration of the teeth in a 24-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas not primarily associated with tetracycline therapy. Report of a case.


Effect of periodate oxidation on hemagglutinating and antibody-producing capacities of certain enteroviruses and reoviruses.


Stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse cell line 3T3 by Simian virus 40.


Evidence for a dual role for the bacteriophage T4-induced deoxycytidine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase.


New dUTPase and dUDPase activites after infection of Escherichia coli by T2 bacteriophage.


The formation of radicals in nucleic acids, nucleoproteins, and their constituents by ionizing radiations.


Effects of pH, ionic strength, and metabolic intermediates on the rates of heat inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes.


Spasmolysis and vasodilation. Experience with nylidrin HCl.


Common cytochemical properties of cells producing polypeptide hormones, with particular reference to calcitonin and the thyroid C cells.


Isolation of a canine herpes virus.

Isolation of a canine herpes virus.


Neonatal disease in the dog associated with a herpes-like virus.


Studies on guinea pig oocytes. II. Histochemical observations on some phosphatases and lipid in developing and in atretic oocytes and follicles.


In vitro incorporation of palmitate-1-14C into several glycerolipids by normal and regenerating rat liver fractions.


Specificity of trypsin adsorption onto cellulose, glass, and quartz.


Effect of metal ions and EDTA on the activity of rabbit liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase.


The submitochondrial distribution of acid:CoA ligase (AMP) and palmityl-CoA:carnitine palmityltransferase in rat liver mitochondria.


FDP-activation of yeast pyruvate kinase.


Evidence for the stimulation by adenocorticotropic hormone of the conversion of cholesterol esters to cholesterol in the adrenal, in vivo.


Fluorine superhyperfine structure in EPR spectra of the single crystal of the myoglobin fluoride.


The site of action of cysteamine in irradiated bacteria: an electron spin resonance study.


Irreversible inhibition of adenosine triphosphatases, diglyceride kinase and phosvitin kinase of brain by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate.


Combined viral and bacterial antigens for canine vaccines.


TRNA methylases in tumors of animal and human origin.


A theory of respiratory chain oxidative phosphorylation.


Spin-labeled hemoglobin crystals.

Spin-labeled hemoglobin crystals.


Patterns of interaction between polyribonucleotides and individual DNA strands derived from several vertebrates, bacteria and bacteriophages.


Energy transfer in dinucleotides.

Energy transfer in dinucleotides.


Characteristics of the renal nuclear receptors for aldosterone.


Two populations of herpes virus virions which appear to differ in physical properties and DNA composition.


The iron complex in spinach ferredoxin.

The iron complex in spinach ferredoxin.


Lack of interference in tissue culture between the viruses of canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis as demonstrated by immunofluorescence.


The effect of HeLa cell cytoplasm on the rate of sedimentation of RNA.


Histochemical studies on denervation, chemically induced and hereditary forms of myopathies.


Comparative biochemistry of myopathies.

Comparative biochemistry of myopathies.


Effect of temperature and relative humidity on survival of airborne Columbia SK group viruses. Three strains of the Columbia SK (Col-SK) group of viruses [Mengo, Maus Elberfeld (ME), and Col-SK viruses] have been studied in the airborne state. All three strains were found to give identical aerosol decay patterns at 16 or 26 C, when held at the same relative humidity (RH). During the first 5 min of aerosol storage time at 16 C, virus inactivation was RH-dependent, with survival maximal at either high (greater than 80%) or low (less than 5%) RH. After 5 min at 16 C, further inactivation, regardless of RH, was insignificant. At 26 C, the effect on survival of RH between 40 and 60% was even more pronounced than at 16 C, and continued after 5 min through 6 hr. Results of this study indicated that the inactivation of airborne Col-SK group viruses was similar to that of other ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, particularly poliovirus. Since members of the Col-SK group are picornaviruses, they may well serve as an aerosol model representative of small, ether-resistant, single-stranded RNA viruses.


Use of bisulfite in the streptococcal anti-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase test. A major drawback in the performance of the streptococcal anti-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase test on a large scale has been the hazard involved in the use of cyanide in assaying nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The use of bisulfite instead of cyanide in the performance of this test was investigated. The assays obtained with bisulfite parallel closely those obtained with cyanide, and justify the replacement of cyanide by the safer bisulfite reagent.


In vitro studies on the antiviral activity of 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Chemotherapy experiments carried out in vitro demonstrated that 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) was active against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and had an equivocal antiviral effect on Semliki Forest, herpes simplex, and vaccinia viruses. No antiviral effect was observed with BCNU against western equine encephalomyelitis, polio, and parainfluenza (HA-1) viruses. Activity of the drug was determined by inhibition of viral-induced cytopathogenic effect in KB or chick embryo cells and by reduction of virus titer in cell culture supernatant fluid. Maximal activity against the viruses was observed when drug and virus were incubated together for 30 min prior to addition to cells; essentially no activity could be demonstrated if BCNU and virus were added to cells with no prior incubation.


Dissociation in two contractile components of the isolated guinea-pig ileum response to angiotensin.


Correlations between adenine nucleotide levels and the velocities of rate-determining steps in the glycolysis and respiration of intact Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.


Release of sulfhydryl groups in cytochrome oxidase by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.


A soluble factor promoting oxidative phosphorylation in particles isolated from Azotobacter vinelandii.


Cholinolytics in the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning. IV. The effectiveness of five binary combinations of cholinolytics with oximes in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.


Separation of plasma angiotensinases by DEAE sephadex A-50 column chromatography.


Separation of labeled plasma and tissue lipids by thin-layer chromatography. A quantitative methodological study.


Thymidine and thymidylate kinase, and thymidylate phosphatase in human leukemic leukocytes.


Effect of glycyrrhizin on the suppressive action of cortisone on the pituitary adrenal axis.


An in vivo assay method for corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in dexamethasone-nembutal treated rats.


Purification of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) from posterior pituitary powder of hog origin.


Periodate oxidation of glycopeptides from ovalbumin.


Intranuclear cisternae resembling structures of the Golgi complex.


Purification of serologically active phosphoinositides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Glycolipids extracted with pyridine from three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were fractionated. Phosphatidyl inositol, two phosphatidyl inositol dimannosides (A and M), and two phosphatidyl inositol pentamannosides (G and K) were separated and purified by a combination of solvent fractionations and chromatography on silicic acid. In each of these lipids, palmitic and tuberculostearic acids accounted for more than 90% of the total fatty acids. Mole ratios of fatty acid to P were: for phosphatidyl inositol, 2; for G and M, 3; for A and K, 4. Certain mixtures of A or M with G fixed complement with human sera from cases of tuberculosis. Two serologically inactive dimannosides, each containing two fatty acid ester groups per atom of P, were also present.


Fatty acid synthesis in cell-free system from rabbit aorta. The objectives of this study were to identify the subcellular fraction responsible for fatty acid synthesis in rabbit aorta and to determine the effect of cholesterol feeding on the system. A method for homogenization of aorta is described which permitted the isolation of subcellular components of aorta, including mitochondria that were morphologically and functionally intact. Mitochondria were identified as the major site of fatty acid synthesis in this tissue. Cofactor requirements and products showed that the synthetic system operates by chain elongation. Mitochondria from atherosclerotic aortas incorporated acetate into fatty acids faster than did mitochondria from control aortas. It is concluded that cholesterol feeding leads to alterations of aortic mitochondrial function and accelerates the fatty acid elongation pathway.


Enzymatic synthesis of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride. Evidence is presented for the enzymatic formation of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride in microsomal preparations from guinea pig liver according to the reaction: CTP + phosphatidic acid right harpoon over left harpoon CDP-diglyceride + p-O-P. Conditions have been found in which the incorporation of labeled CTP into CDP-diglyceride is almost entirely dependent upon added phosphatidic acid. The incorporation of CMP into lipid is very slight. A substantial net synthesis of CDP-diglyceride takes place under these conditions. Some properties of the enzyme system are described.


Histamine formation in tumor-bearing rats.


Multiplication of polyoma virus in iododeoxyuridine (IUDR)-resistant mouse cells in the presence of IUDR.


Radiography of the salivary glands, pharynx and larynx.


Developmental communalities of homologous and non-homologous body joints.


The respiratory dependent swelling of liver mitochondria.


Effect of RES-active agents on tryptophan pyrrolase activity and endotoxin lethality.


Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of crocidolite and amosite in bulk or settled dust samples.


Measurement of dust exposures in the asbestos textile industry.


Biochemistry of glycolipids of sea urchin gametes. I. Separation and characterization of new type of sulfolipid and sialoglycolipid.


Genetic variation in responses to repeated administrations of ACTH and hydrocortisone in immature chickens.


Effect of cigarette smoke on rabbit corneal cells in vitro.


The morphology of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana C) derived from chick embroyos or cultures of BHK21/13 cells.


The amino acid utilization by phase 1 Bordetella pertussis in a chemically defined medium.


Glass-fiber paper chromatography of vitamin E.


The effect of portacaval transposition on the inactivation of angiotensin by the canine liver.


The mofidication of nucleosides and nucleotides. IV. The reaction of semicarbazide with nucleic acids.


The direction of in vitro genetic transcription on circular DNA.


The evolution of clinical pharmacology during one lifetime, with a discussion of new methods applicable to some of its problems.


Oral-facial-digital syndrome in a chromosomally normal male.


Active transport of potassium ion in heart mitochondria.


A sensitive assay for infectivity of mengovirus RNA in L cells.


Electron microscopic observations on multiple polyoma virus-related particles.


The role of the bursa-dependent lymphoid tissue in oncogenesis by avian myeloblastosis virus.


Effect of 5-fluorouracil on the multiplication of a virulent virus (pseudorabies) and an oncogenic virus (polyoma).


Correlation between replication and degradation of cellular DNA in polyoma virus-infected cells.


Adenovirus infections of the conjunctiva and cornea.


Structure of simian virus 40. I. Purification and physical characterization of the virus particle.


Cryosurgery of the mouth, nose and throat.


Structure of simian virus 40. II. Symmetry and components of the virus particle.


On the phosphomonoesterase activity of the genus Proteus.


Isolation of a bovine strain of Myxovirus para-influenza Type 3 in Australia.


A study of procine enteroviruses isolated from swine in the Toronto area. I. Isolation and serological grouping of viruses. A number of enteric viruses isolated from swine in the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories and the Mimico Reformatory herds were grouped serologically and compared with previously described porcine enteroviruses. Four of five antigenic types defined were related to other porcine enteroviruses. The fifth was unrelated to any viruses with which it was compared in this study.


The effect of ACTH and corticosteroids on the brain.


Simplified microestimation of fibrinogen and seromucoid in plasma.


Angiofibromas: diagnosis and treatment, including cryosurgery.


Phosphohydrolases of a Bacillus subtilis mutant accumulating inosine and hypoxanthine. Although adenine-requiring auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis accumulate large quantities of inosine or hypoxanthine, or of both, they do not accumulate inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP). Experiments directed at understanding this phenomenon were conducted with an adenineless auxotroph and with a mutant derived from it which lacked alkaline phosphohydrolase. It was found that B. subtilis contains four different phosphohydrolases. Only one is an extracellular enzyme; it is a 5'-nucleotide phosphohydrolase which can be inhibited by addition of CuSO(4) to the medium. Of the three cellular enzymes, only one, an acid phosphohydrolase, cannot attack 5'-nucleotides; this enzyme is not repressed by inorganic phosphate. One of the two remaining surface-bound enzymes is a nonspecific alkaline phosphohydrolase which attacks both 5'-nucleotides and p-nitrophenyl phosphate; this is the only phosphohydrolase that is markedly repressed by inorganic phosphate. The other surface-bound enzyme is a nonrepressible 5'-nucleotide phosphohydrolase with double pH optima: one at neutrality and the other near pH 9.0. The experiments indicate that the absence of IMP in the extracellular broth is due to degradation of internally accumulated IMP to inosine by the cellular 5'-nucleotide phosphohydrolase.


Release of carbohydrates from sphingoglycolipid by osmium-catalyzed periodate oxidation followed by treatment with mild alkali. The carbohydrate moiety of sphingoglycolipid, after preliminary acetylation, can be released by periodate oxidation catalyzed by a trace amount of osmium tetroxide, followed by alkaline treatment. Cerebroside, lactosyl ceramide, hematoside, globoside, and gangliosides were degraded to yield, respectively, galactose, lactose, sialyl lactose, a tetrasaccharide, and various oligosaccharides containing sialic acid. Oligosaccharides were separated by paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The procedure is useful for characterizing micromolar amounts of sphingoglycolipids.


A growth factor in corpus luteum powder for goitrogen-fed rats.


Hand problems in children. A timetable for management.


The experimental disease produced in calves by the J-121 strain of parainfluenza virus type 3.


Depôt fat mobilization and liver lipogenesis and ketogenesis in ovine pregnancy toxaemia and the effects of corticotrophin administration.


Attempt at experimental production of carcinoma in gastric ulcer.


Histochemical studies on the diencephalon of senescent rats.


Percutaneous selective catheterization of the hypogastric artery and of its branches.


Isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: isolation, serologic characterization, and induction of the experimental disease.


The newly deposited mineral in cartilage and bone matrix.


Isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: comparative developmental study by fluorescent antibody tracing and electron microscopy.


Isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: pathogenesis studies by fluorescent antibody tracing.


Pathogenesis of osteopetrosis in chickens.


Subcellular distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase in the spleen of tuberculous guinea pigs and tuberculous guinea pigs treated with isoniazid.


Role of aldosterone in edema formation.

Role of aldosterone in edema formation.


Subtotal hepatectomy for primary hepatic carcinoma.


Passage of mengovirus through the zona pellucida of the mouse morula.


Cytochemistry of phosphatases of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. I. Biochemical studies. A microsomal fraction was isolated from rabbit psoas muscle by a modification of Muscatello's method. The fraction contained a Mg-dependent ATPase which had a pH optimum of 7.5. Activity was further stimulated by addition of Na or K or other monovalent cations to the reaction mixture, but synergistic activation by Na and K, and ouabain inhibition, could not be demonstrated. The enzyme hydrolyzed only ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and ITP (inosine triphosphate) at appreciable rates, but Na or K stimulated activity only when ATP was used as substrate. Activity was inhibited by Ca and by low concentrations of Na deoxycholate, and was sensitive to inhibition by thiol group reagents. The enzyme could be distinguished from another enzyme, also present in the fraction, which was Ca-activated, and which exhibited a wider substrate specificity, different pH activation characteristics, lower specific activity, lack of stimulation by Na or K, and less sensitivity to inhibition by deoxycholate and by thiol group reagents. These findings formed the basis for demonstration of the Mg-dependent ATPase in situ.


Spectroscopic investigation of rubredoxin and ferredoxin.


Effect of epinephrine on the metabolism of the inositol phosphatides in rat heart in vivo.


Quantitative evaluation of immunological reactivity of carriers of malignant tumours against foot and mouth disease virus RNA by the complement fixation reaction.


Interferon-like inhibitor and lysosomal enzyme induced in mice injected with endotoxin.


Polyglucose-protein complexes.

Polyglucose-protein complexes.


Diseases of the avian leukosis complex. A commentary on the conference deliberations.


Investigations of lymphoid leukosis infection in genetically similar chicken populations.


Duck hepatitis virus in duck embryo liver cell cultures.


Gross and histopathological description of the cranial form of chronic fowl cholera in turkeys.


A novel teichoic acid-like polymer from the cell walls of Bacillus coagulans NRS T2007.


Pyridine co-enzymes as electron scavengers in irradiated dry proteins.


On the diversity of -SH groups in DPNH dehydrogenase and their tentative localization.


Membraneous oxidase purification, properties and reaction characteristics.


Effect of coupling factor 3 on oxidative phosphorylation.


Stoichiometric utilization of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in nicotinate ribonucleotide synthesis from nicotinate and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


The conformation of some pyranose moieties in the molecules of alpha-D-hexopyranose-1-phosphates, purine and pyrimidine 5'-(alpha-D-pyranosyl pyrophosphates), and mucopolysaccharides.


Mechanism for the stimulation in vivo of hepatic gluconeogenesis by glucagon.


Some observations on the periodate oxidation of amino compounds. Various aliphatic and aromatic amines are oxidized by sodium metaperiodate and these reactions have been studied quantitatively in acidic, unbuffered and basic media. Significant differences have been observed between the behaviour of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Certain compounds also behaved differently under acidic and basic conditions. These reactions are related to the periodate oxidation of amino acids and, from observations on a number of glycine derivatives, a reaction mechanism is proposed for this process.


Some properties of mandelate racemase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. 1. l-Mandelate dehydrogenase and mandelate racemase were partially purified from extracts of Pseudomonas fluorescens A-312 grown in media containing d-mandelate. 2. The activity of mandelate racemase, but not that of l-mandelate dehydrogenase, is greatly stimulated by Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and, though less effectively, by Ni(2+). Other metal ions are inactive or inhibitory. 3. Racemase activity is inhibited by phosphate, fluoride, pyrophosphate and EDTA. The inhibitions by pyrophosphate and EDTA are competitive with respect to the metal ion activator; those by phosphate and fluoride are competitive with respect to the substrate. 4. The addition of Mg(2+) diminishes the Michaelis constant of racemase. 5. The pH optimum of the racemase is at 7.8. The pH-activity curve of the dehydrogenase complex of enzymes has two peaks, at 7.0 and 8.2. 6. The enzymic racemization of d-mandelate is initially faster than that of l-mandelate. 7. The rates of oxidation of related substrates, catalysed by l-mandelate dehydrogenase, are in the decreasing order: l-p-hydroxymandelate; l-3,4-dihydroxymandelate; l-4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate. The racemase is active towards d-p-hydroxymandelate but inactive towards d-3,4-dihydroxymandelate and d-4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate. Since 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate, and presumably also 3,4-dihydroxymandelate, arising from the metabolism of catechol-amines, have the d-configuration, the enzymes studied cannot be utilized for estimation of the last two acids in urine.


The requirement for bivalent cations in formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase of pig-liver nuclei. 1. The requirement for bivalent cations in catalysis of NAD formation from ATP and NMN in the presence of NMN adenylyltransferase of pig-liver nuclei was studied. Rates of NAD formation in the presence of the activating cations Cd(2+), Mn(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) were approximately a linear function of heats of hydration of the corresponding ions. Ba(2+), Sr(2+), Ca(2+), Cu(2+) and Be(2+) did not activate the enzyme; Be(2+) inhibited the reaction in the presence of Mg(2+) and, to a greater extent, in the presence of Ni(2+). 2. Michaelis constants for NAD formation, measured in a coupled assay with NMN adenylyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase at pH8.0 and 25 degrees , in the presence of 3mm concentrations of the unvaried reactants, were 88+/-7mum-ATP, 42+/-4mum-NMN and 85+/-4mum-Mg(2+). The results at this pH and at pH7.5 were consistent with mechanisms in which Mg(2+)-ATP complex is a reactant and free ATP a competitive inhibitor. 3. Formation of nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide from NMN and ITP in the presence of the transferase was also more rapid with Ni(2+) and Co(2+) than with Mg(2+).


Evidence for a role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in adipose tissue lipolysis.


Biochemical and pharmacological studies with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in man.


Structure of the cell wall of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. I. Study of the structure of the glycan.


Polysaccharides in germination. Occurrence, fine structure, and possible biological role of the pectic araban in white mustard cotyledons.


Tadpole collagenase. Preparation and purification.


Calcium and manganese interactions in mitochondrial ion accumulation.


A new intermediate in the metabolism of ethanol.


Beta-aspartyl peptides in enzymatic hydrolysates of protein.


Fluorinated pyrimidines. XXVII. Attempts to determine transcription errors during the formation of fluorouracil-containing messenger ribonucleic acid.


The optical and magnetic properties of copper in Chenopodium album plastocyanin.


Arsenic-lipid complex formation during sugar transport.


Activation of rat-liver microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphate-glucose phosphotransferase by hydroxyl ion.


Reactivity and stability of alcohol dehydrogenase below 0 degrees in alcohol-water solvents.


Biphasic effects of nucleotides on potassium-dependent phosphatase.


An improved method for the estimation of homovanillic acid in human urine.


Relationship of ovine contagious ecthyma and ulcerative dermatosis.


Immunofluorescent antibody studies of a murine leukemia virus: comparison of human, bovine and murine systems.


Chronic hepatic injury following experimental viral hepatitis in the dog.


Stimulation of the in vitro biosynthesis of corticosteroids by angiotensin II.


The isolation of the membrane of the toad bladder epithelial cell.


Effect of vitamin D3 on milk yield of thyroparathyroidectomized rats.


Persistence of maternal antibodies to parainfluenza 3 virus.


Octamethylbiguanide perchlorate.

Octamethylbiguanide perchlorate.


A visco-elastic theory of mechanoreceptor adaptation. 1. Physical analysis of two visco-elastic models was performed, to afford a quantitative basis for examination of a theory of slip as applied to mechanoreceptor adaptation. In one model the coupling force between skin tissue and receptor was considered to be purely viscous; in another it was supposed to consist of parallel viscous and elastic forces, representing the properties of a gel.2. Predictions from the models were compared with experimental results from frog and rat skin receptors. Good fits with slope-latency and slope-amplitude curves were obtained, with the adjustment of two constants.3. The excitability changes during long subliminal stimuli showed dynamic and static phases, which developed at different rates as stimulus strength was increased. This behaviour could be explained qualitatively by the more complex model, but quantitative comparisons could not be achieved.4. Treatment of the skin with tissue-destroying enzymes caused changes in stimulus-response relationships consistent with predictions from the models. The effect of the enzymes seemed to be largely on the elastic coupling forces.5. The visco-elastic model offers a satisfactory but not exclusive explanation of certain time- and amplitude-dependent features of mechanoreceptor behaviour and also accounts for a specific delay in mechanical excitation.


The effect of propranalol on the calorigenic response in brown adipose tissue of new-born rabbits to catecholamines, glucagon, corticotrophin and cold exposure. 1. Experiments measuring the rate of oxygen consumption of unanaesthetized new-born rabbits and the blood flow in brown adipose tissue of anaesthetized new-born rabbits are described.2. The increase in rate of oxygen consumption caused by I.V. infusion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline (2 mug/kg.min for 10 min) was blocked by propranalol (I.V. 1 mg/kg) but the increase caused by cold exposure was not. A larger dose of propranalol (5 mg) blocked the calorigenic response to cold exposure as well.3. Infusion of glucagon (I.V. 4 mug/kg.min for 10 min) caused a large increase in the rate of the rabbit's oxygen consumption and in blood flow through its brown adipose tissue. These responses, which reached a maximum within 10 min from the start of the infusion, were not blocked by propranalol (1 or 5 mg/kg).4. Infusion of corticotrophin (I.V. 1 i.u./kg.min for 10 min) also caused a large increase in the rate of oxygen consumption of new-born rabbits. The response reached a maximum about 20 min from the start of the infusion and it was not blocked by propranalol (5 mg/kg).5. These results support the conclusion that noradrenaline is released at sympathetic endings in brown adipose tissue and that the increase in blood flow caused by noradrenaline is secondary to its metabolic action on the tissue. They also suggest the possibility that glucagon and corticotrophin may act directly on brown adipose tissue and stimulate heat production during cold exposure.


Effect of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo.


Relations between chemical structure and biological activity in peptides.


Intrathymic inoculation of a murine leukaemia virus (Rich).


Isolation of ovine strains of parainfluenza virus serologically related to type 3.


Cardiovascular reactivity of rats during the development of salt hypertension. I. the response to polypeptides.


Studies on the mechanism of action of the delta5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from rat adrenal small particles.


Fructose diphosphatase from rabbit liver. VII. Tyrosine residues and adenosine monophosphate inhibition.


Steroid hydroxylations. V. Intracellular location of 16alpha-hydroxylase and its substrate specificity in sow ovary.


Nucleoside phosphonic acids. I. The synthesis of 5'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphonic acids and derivatives.


Properties of the induced acid phosphatase and of the constitutive acid phosphatase of Euglena.


A simple method for determination of ability of bacteria to inactivate chemotherapeutics using sensitivity disc.


Antibiotics and rat diagphragm carbohydrate metabolism.


Molecular mechanisms of genetic recombination in bacteriophage. VI. A mutant defective in the joining of DNA molecules.


A coat protein from bacteriophage fd. I. Hydrodynamic measurements and biological characterization.


Polarity in the histidine operon.

Polarity in the histidine operon.


Studies on the suggested role of an endocrine-specific virus in the aetiology of primary liver cancer.


Biophysical evidence for linkage of adenovirus and SV40 DNA's in adenovirus 7-SV40 hybrid particles.


Nephrotoxicity of some vasoactive drugs following selective intra-arterial injection.


Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell adenomas.


Specific antagonism to the direct and indirect action of angiotensin on isolated guinea-pig ileum.


Poisoning by volatile compounds. 3. Hydrocyanic acid.


Bilateral Wilms' tumors.

Bilateral Wilms' tumors.


Errors in diagnosis in Wilms' tumor.

Errors in diagnosis in Wilms' tumor.


Estimation of post-mortem blood barbiturates using Turner's perchloric acid precipitation method combined with thin layer chromatographic isolation.


Pharmacodynamics of mitral insufficiency in muscular subaortic stenosis.


The antigens of vesicular stomatitis virus. 3. Structure and immunogenicity of antigens derived from the virion by treatment with Tween and ether.


Herpes simplex neutralizing antibody--quantitation of the complement-dependent fraction in different phases of adult human infection.


Comparative sedimentation coefficients of RNA extracted from plaque-forming and defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.


The false-positive hepatic scan.

The false-positive hepatic scan.


The viral flora of the alimentary tract of chimpanzees.


Error of intraperitoneal injections in rats.


Extended B-virus anti-body determinations in a closed monkey colony.


Stimulation of rat adrenocortical cells by glycyrrhizin with special reference to its inhibitory effect on dexamethasone-induced atrophy of the adrenal cortex.


Some properties of denatured horse heart cytochrome c.


Insulin-like activity of a microbial protease on isolated fat cells.


Substrate inhibition effects in the liver alcohol dehydrogenase reaction.


Necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens in western Australia.


Beta-aspartylglycine in urine and enzymic hydrolyzates of proteins.


A microbiological study of bovine conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis.


Selenium metabolism. 3. Serum proteins, lipoproteins and liver injury.


The specificity of enzymic reactions. Aminoacyl-soluble RNA ligases.


In vitro aldosterone production by adrenals of normal recipient rats cross-circulated with rats with secondary hyperaldosteronism of dietary sodium restriction.


Binding of calcium by liver mitochondria: an effect of steroid hormones in vitamin D-depleted and parathyroidectomized rats.


Thyroid function during the rebound phase following the discontinuation of antithyroid drugs.


Lactic dehydrogenase. X. A re-evaluation of the effects of pH upon the kinetics of the reaction.


Biochemical investigation of an unusual case of glycogenosis.


Biosynthesis of gibberellins. II. Enzymic cyclization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to kaurene.


Enteritis necroticans in Uganda.

Enteritis necroticans in Uganda.


The effect of phenobarbital on drug metabolic enzyme activity, ultrastructure and growth of a "minimal deviation" hepatoma (Morris 7800).


Radiocarbon dating of bone.

Radiocarbon dating of bone.


Effect of noradrenaline on phosphatase activity in synaptic membrane of the rat brain.


A chemical approach to the problem of cellular malignancy in tumours of the nervous system.


Cytoplasmic oxidation activity in cell division processes in the tumours of the nervous system and in their tissue cultures.


Isolation and characterization of an enterovirus from baby chicks having an enteric infection. I. Isolation and pathogenicity.


Compared antibodies for Rous sarcoma virus in chicken serum and egg yolk with the metabolism inhibition test.


Isolation and characterization of an enterovirus from baby chicks having an enteric infection II. Physical and chemical characteristics and ultrastructure.


The pathway of synthesis of mammary-gland nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide.


Activation of liver pyruvate kinase by fructose 1,6-diphosphate.


Inhibition of sucrose phosphatase by sucrose. 1. Partially purified sucrose phosphatase from immature stem tissue of sugarcane is inhibited by sucrose. The enzyme was also inhibited by maltose, melezitose and 6-kestose but not by eight other sugars, including glucose and fructose. 2. The relative effectiveness of sucrose, maltose and melezitose as inhibitors is different for sucrose phosphatase from different plants. 3. The inhibition of the sugar-cane enzyme by sucrose was shown to be partially competitive. The K(i) for sucrose is about 10mm. 4. Melezitose is also a partially competitive inhibitor of the enzyme but the inhibition by maltose is probably mixed. 5. The possibility that sucrose controls both the rate of accumulation of sucrose in stems of sugar-cane and sucrose synthesis in leaves by inhibiting sucrose phosphatase is discussed.


Purification and properties of crystalline 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 1. The purification and crystallization of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides is described. 2. The molecular weight was calculated to be 85000 by sedimentation equilibrium. 3. Although the enzyme is stable at 0-4 degrees , dilute solutions are rapidly inactivated at 37 degrees ; NADH(2) or Ca(2+) ions prevent this inactivation. 4. The enzyme is extremely sensitive to mercurials, but can be protected by NADH(2) or Ca(2+) ions. 5. From studies on p-hydroxymercuribenzoate binding it is estimated that the enzyme contains 5-6 moles of rapidly reacting thiol groups/mole. 6. d-Lactate and dl-2-hydroxybutyrate are competitive inhibitors of d-3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation. 7. The properties of the crystalline enzyme are compared with those of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase preparations from other sources.


Glycogen metabolism in Novikoff ascites-hepatoma cells. A study of the enzymes of the glycogen pathway in Novikoff ascites hepatoma shows that glycogen synthetase has the lowest activity and that the tumour contains no high-K(m) soluble glucokinase. However, incubation of tumour cells with metabolizable sugars in vitro, or intraperitoneal administration of glucose into the tumour-bearing rat, results in glycogen accumulation by the tumour cells. Glycogen synthesis in the tumour is supported by aerobically produced ATP but is decreased anaerobically and by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Absence of P(i) from the incubation medium increases glycogen synthesis and decreases glycolysis. The optimum temperature for glycogen synthesis is 37 degrees . The capacity of the intact tumour cell to degrade deposited glycogen is low, but is accelerated by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Tumour homogenates prepared after osmotic shock do not incorporate [(14)C]glucose into glycogen. The glucose moiety of glucose 1-phosphate and of UDP-glucose is incorporated into glycogen by the homogenates and the incorporation of glucose 1-phosphate is greatly enhanced by AMP. Glucose 6-phosphate is a poor precursor of glycogen in the homogenate system, probably because it inhibits activation of phosphorylase b by AMP.


Periodate oxidation of sperm-whale myoglobin and the role of the methionine residues in the antigen-antibody reaction. 1. Oxidation of sperm-whale metmyoglobin and its apoprotein with periodate has been investigated under various conditions of pH and temperature to find those under which the reagent acted with specificity. 2. At pH6.8 and 22 degrees consumption of periodate ceased in 3(1/2)hr. at 43 moles of periodate/mole of myoglobin. The two methionine residues, the two tryptophan residues, the three tyrosine residues and two histidine residues were oxidized; serine increased in the hydrolysates from 6 to 9 residues/mol. 3. At pH5.0 and 22 degrees , consumption levelled off in 4(1/2)hr. at 26 moles of periodate/mole of myoglobin and resulted in the modification of the two methionine residues, the two tryptophan residues, the three tyrosine residues and two histidine residues; serine increased from 6 to 7 residues/mol. and, also, ferrihaem suffered considerable oxidation. 4. Oxidation at pH5.0 and 0 degrees resulted at completion (4hr.) in the consumption of 22 moles of periodate/mole of myoglobin and in the modification of the methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Spectral studies indicated oxidation of the haem group. This derivative reacted very poorly with rabbit antisera to MbX (the major component no. 10 obtained by CM-cellulose chromatography; Atassi, 1964). 5. Oxidation of apomyoglobin at pH5.0 and 0 degrees was complete in 4hr. with the consumption of 7.23 moles of periodate/mole of apoprotein. The rate of oxidation in decreasing order was: methionine; tryptophan; tyrosine; and after 7hr. of reaction the following residues/mol. were oxidized: methionine, 2.0; tryptophan, 1.6; tyrosine, 0.99. No peptide bonds were cleaved. Metmyoglobin prepared from the 7hr.-oxidized apoprotein showed that the reactivity with antisera to MbX had diminished considerably. 6. Milder oxidation of apoprotein (2 molar excess of periodate, pH5.0, 0 degrees , 2hr.) resulted in the modification of 1.66 residues of methionine/mol. Metmyoglobin prepared from this apoprotein was identical with native MbX spectrally, electrophoretically and immunochemically. It was concluded that the methionine residues at positions 55 and 131 were not essential parts of the antigenic sites of metmyoglobin.


Properties of substituted 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. 1. The activity of 25 substituted 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles in uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation by rat-liver mitochondria has been compared. 2. For halogen- or mixed-halogen- and alkyl-substituted analogues, uncoupling activity was proportional to the acidity of the imidazole -NH group. Tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole was the most active (50% uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation at 7.9x10(-8)m, pK5.04). Nitro-substituted analogues were less active than predicted from pK considerations or from partition-coefficient measurements. 3. Introduction of an -NH(2) or -CO(2)H substitutent caused a loss of uncoupling activity, as did alkylation at position 1 of the imidazole ring. 4. Benzimidazoles active as uncouplers stimulated mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase but not all stimulated the oxidation of succinate in the absence of a phosphate acceptor. 5. 4,5-Dichloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole inhibited the succinate-oxidase system at about the same concentration required for uncoupling (0.52mum for 50% inhibition of both activities) and the site of this inhibition appears to lie between succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome b.


The distribution of cytochrome-oxidase activity in rabbit brain. 1. The cytochrome-oxidase activity in eleven structures of the rabbit brain has been investigated. 2. Kinetic data suggest that the same enzyme occurs in all brain structures but that the activity on a tissue-weight basis differs from structure to structure, being in general higher in the phylogenetically newer structures. 3. When the kinetic data are related to cell density (as measured by DNA concentration) all the neuron-containing structures of the cerebrum and brain stem show the same activity but the corpus callosum and the cerebellum show much less. 4. A special study was made of the distribution of activity and cell density within the diencephalon. 5. The results suggest that all neurons in the cerebrum and brain stem have a similar cytochrome-oxidase activity, which is about 80 times that of glia, and that the cerebellum is relatively richer in glia or that it contains neurons with a much lower cytochrome-oxidase activity, or both.


Mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis.

Mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis.


Disturbances of trigeminal and facial nerves.


Endocrine effects on plasma calcium in parathyroidectomized rats.


Studies on tissue specificity of interferon.


Cytotoxicity of silica and liberation of lysosomal enzymes.


Antibiotic inhibition and binding studies with a group A streptococcal L-form.


Intranuclear inclusion bodies in the intestinal epithelium of pig foetuses experimentally infected with porcine adenovirus.


Necrotizing clostridial colitis.

Necrotizing clostridial colitis.


Release of enzymes from the liver.

Release of enzymes from the liver.


Liver glucose-6-phosphatase and carbohydrate metabolism in childhood leukemia.


The reduction of ubiquinone by sarcosine dehydrogenase system.


Viral depuration of the Northern quahaug. A study was conducted to evaluate critically the feasibility of using the self-cleansing mechanism as a practical means to obtain virus-free shellfish. Two systems supplied with fresh running seawater, three strains of human enterovirus and the Northern quahaug, were used as working models. Preliminary experiments in the experimental system under arbitrarily selected conditions showed that depuration of poliovirus-polluted quahaugs could be achieved by the method used for the Eastern oyster. The factors affecting viral depuration studied so far included: (i) initial concentration of shellfish pollution; (ii) temperature of seawater; and (iii) salinity of seawater. It was shown that purification of the lightly polluted shellfish was achieved sooner than of the heavily polluted ones. The efficiency of viral depuration was roughly a function of the water temperature within the range tested (5 to 20 C). Reduction of salinity to 50 to 60% of the original level stopped this process completely, but 25% reduction in salinity did not affect significantly the rate of depuration. Preliminary study in the pilot system showed that viral depuration in the large tank appeared to be equally as efficient as that in the small experimental tanks under the particular conditions.


Characterization of clostridia by gas chromatography. I. Differentiation of species by cellular fatty acids. Fatty acids of 41 strains representing 13 species of Clostridium were extracted directly from whole cells and examined as methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Both visual and quantitative comparisons of the resulting chromatograms for the presence and relative amounts of large major peaks allowed rapid differentiation of C. perfringens, C. sporogenes, and C. bifermentans from each other and from 10 other species. Each of the three former species possessed a different characteristic fatty acid methyl ester profile that was exhibited by all strains tested within the respective species. Culture age and growth media influenced the relative proportions of certain of the acids, but such differences did not limit species differentiation.


Cytopathic effect of mumps and other viruses in guinea pig heart cells.


Use of pharmacologic antagonists to evaluate humoral regulation of the microcirculation.


The influence of mast cell depletors on vascular reactivity in the mesenteric microcirculation.


Influence of vasoexcitor-pressor drugs on microvascular injury in shock.


Induced hyperlipemia and the dissemination of tumor cells.


The action of vasoactive substances on the microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch.


Attempts to purify and identify an acetylcholine-releasing substance from neural tissue.


A structural gene for the DPN-specific glutamate dehydrogenase in Neurospora.


Some studies of the protein-binding of steroids and their application to the routine micro and ultramicro measurement of various steroids in body fluids by competitive protein-binding radioassay.


Asthma caused by FD&C approved dyes.

Asthma caused by FD&C approved dyes.


An automated method for the determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.


Concentration of bromine-82 in the thyroid gland of rats.


A comparison between the handling of iodine and technetium by the thyroid gland of the rat.


Differences in the biological and immunological activities of human chorionic gonadotrophin after the removal of sialic acid by enzymic hydrolysis.


A new in vitro assay for thyroid-stimulating hormone.


Electrophoretic characterization and fractionation of polyoma virus DNA.


Ionic antagonism and the cholinergic activation induced by polymyxins on the heart.


Structures of the polymyxins A and the question of identity with the polymyxins M.


Measurement of angiotensin II in blood.

Measurement of angiotensin II in blood.


Effect of ACTH on the behavior of glycogen and ribonucleic acid in the liver of guinea pigs with experimental scurvy.


Pituitary irradiation for Cushing's syndrome.


Postnatal changes of NAD-diaphorase and succinic dehydrogenase in the spinal cord of the cat.


Effects of different classes of drugs on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.


Inhibition of the respiratory chain by zinc ions.


Variation in inhibitor sensitivity of NADH-menadione reductase from mitochondria.


Sedimentation properties of the enzymes of the histidine B gene.


Specificity of ox brain triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase.


The influence of fructose and its metabolites on ethanol metabolism in vitro. 1. Fructose caused an increase in the rate of ethanol oxidation by rat-liver slices, and d-glyceraldehyde was found to have a similar effect. 2. Addition of glycerol lowered the rate of ethanol oxidation if the incubation medium contained fructose and ethanol, but no such effect was found if it contained glucose and ethanol. 3. The formation of glycerol by the slices during incubation and the concentration of alpha-glycerophosphate in the slices were highest in medium containing fructose and ethanol. 4. In experiments without ethanol in the incubation medium, fructose strongly increased the pyruvate concentration, which resulted in a decrease of the lactate/pyruvate concentration ratio. Addition of ethanol to the medium resulted in a marked decrease in pyruvate concentration. 5. Oxygen consumption is greater in slices incubated in medium containing fructose and ethanol than in slices incubated in medium containing glucose and ethanol.


The incorporation of cytidine 5'-monophosphate and other ribonucleotides by an enzyme preparation from rat-liver microsomes. 1. An enzyme preparation from rat-liver microsomes incorporated all four ribonucleotides from the corresponding triphosphates into ribosomal RNA. The reaction was Mn(2+)-dependent, but UMP incorporation also occurred in the presence of Mg(2+). 2. The incorporation of any one ribonucleotide was inhibited by the presence of the other three ribonucleoside triphosphates and by denatured DNA. 3. The product of the reaction consisted of short chains of homopolymer attached to the primer ribosomal RNA. 4. ;Soluble' RNA, synthetic polyribonucleotides, and oligoribonucleotides were also effective primers for CMP incorporation. 5. When phosphodiesterase-treated ;soluble' RNA was the primer, CMP was incorporated into positions usually occupied by the normal terminal trinucleotide sequence of intact ;soluble' RNA, but the enzyme did not synthesize a specific terminal sequence consisting of a defined number of CMP residues.


The chemical nature of the products obtained by the action of cabbage-leaf phospholipase D on lysolecithin: the structure of lysolecithin. 1. Lysolecithin, prepared by the action of snake-venom phospholipase A on ovolecithin, when incubated with Savoy-cabbage phospholipase D, in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, gave two degradation products (designated A and B) in the form of their calcium salts. 2. These calcium salts were separated quantitatively by solvent fractionation and converted into the corresponding sodium salts. 3. Substance B proved to be a lysophosphatidic acid of conventional structure (1-monoacyl-l-3-glycerophosphoric acid). When the phosphate group was removed by means of prostatic acid phosphomonoesterase, a 1-monoglyceride was formed quantitatively. Alkaline hydrolysis gave the theoretical yield of l-3-glycerophosphate. 4. Substance A, on the other hand, had all the properties expected for a cyclic phosphate of a 1-monoglyceride. It was unaffected by phosphomonoesterase. On alkaline hydrolysis, the acyl group was removed and ring opening of the presumed cyclic phosphate group gave an approximately equimolar mixture of 2- and l-3-glycerophosphates. 5. The structures of substances A and B confirm lysolecithin as 1-monoacyl-l-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine.


Generation of extramitochondrial reducing power in gluconeogenesis. 1. Kidney-cortex slices incubated with pyruvate formed glucose and lactate in relatively large and approximately equimolar quantities. The formation of these products involves two exclusively cytoplasmic NADH(2)-requiring reductions, catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate dehydrogenase. From the rates of glucose and lactate formation it can be calculated that over 1000mu-moles of NADH(2) must have been produced in the cytoplasm/g. dry wt. of tissue/hr. 2. When lactate is a gluconeogenic precursor the required NADH(2) is generated in the cytoplasm, but, when a substrate more highly oxidized than glucose, such as pyruvate, is the precursor, there is no direct cytoplasmic source of NADH(2). Quantitative data on the fate of pyruvate are in accord with the conclusion that the NADH(2) was primarily formed intramitochondrially by the dehydrogenases of cell respiration, with pyruvate as the major substrate. 3. Similar observations and conclusions apply to experiments with mouse-liver slices incubated with pyruvate, serine or aspartate. 4. Addition of ethanol, which increases the formation of NADH(2) in the cytoplasm, increased the formation from pyruvate of lactate but not of glucose. 5. In view of the low permeability of mitochondria for NAD and NADH(2) it must be postulated that special carrier mechanisms transfer the reducing equivalents of intramitochondrially generated NADH(2) to the cytoplasm. Reasons are given in support of the assumption that the malate-oxaloacetate system acts as the carrier. 6. Various aspects of the generation of reducing power and its transfer from mitochondria to cytoplasm are discussed.


Aspects of the development of flight-muscle sarcosomes in the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in relation to changes in the distribution of protein and some respiratory enzymes during metamorphosis. 1. Changes in the amounts and distribution of protein and respiratory enzymes have been estimated during the life cycle of the fly Lucilia cuprina. 2. The fully fed larva contains about 7mg. of protein, the pupa and newly emerged fly about 4mg., and the mature adult about 3mg. 3. There are two periods of incorporation of protein into particles at the expense of the soluble protein; the first, immediately after pupation, may store protein (0.5mg./insect) for use in adult development; the second, over the period of emergence, was due mainly to the development of the thoracic mitochondria of the adult (0.7mg./insect). 4. In the thorax, cytochrome c oxidase and the dehydrogenases for glycerophosphate, isocitrate (NAD-dependent), succinate and malate appeared initially in small particles (less than 1mu in diameter). 5. In adult development these enzymes were redistributed so that in the mature fly most of the activity was present in larger particles (1-10mu in diameter). 6. During this redistribution the specific activity (mul. of oxygen/hr./mg. of protein) of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the small particles was 690 at 1(1/2) days before emergence, 955 at emergence and 980 at 7 days after emergence; the corresponding values for the large particles were 164, 760 and 1220. 7. In the mature fly the highest specific activities (mul. of oxygen/hr./mg. of protein) estimated were: glycerophosphate dehydrogenase 1380, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-dependent and requiring ADP and Mg(2+)) 408, succinate dehydrogenase 122, malate dehydrogenase 190, and cytochrome c oxidase 1360. 8. The results are considered in relation to the development of the flight-muscle sarcosomes.


Preparation of enriched fractions from cerebral cortex containing isolated, metabolically active neuronal and glial cells. 1. A procedure has been developed for the separation of intact metabolically active neuronal and glial cells in bulk from rat cerebral cortex. Separation depended on dispersion of the tissue in a Ficoll medium followed by centrifugation on a discontinuous Ficoll gradient. Up to 1.5x10(7) neuronal cells could be collected from 12 brains within 3hr. The morphological appearance of these cells seemed good, and the fraction was 8.5-fold purified in terms of dry weight. Average dry weight per neuron was 2300mumug. Maximum glial contamination of the neuronal fraction was 11% as determined by carbonic anhydrase measurements. The glial fraction was free from neurons but contained various subcellular contaminants. 2. Concentrations of nucleic acids, phospholipid, protein and phosphoprotein were determined in the separated fractions. The neuronal fraction was richer than the glial in all except phospholipid. Succinate dehydrogenase was equally distributed between neurons and glia but the neuronal fraction was 1.8-fold enriched in cytochrome oxidase. 3. Measurement of respiration by the cells showed an endogenous uptake of 117mmumoles of oxygen/mg./hr. in neurons, and 173mmumoles of oxygen/mg./hr. in glia. Addition of substrate at 10mm stimulated uptake to similar values in both fractions. With glucose it was 390, with pyruvate 355, and with glutamate 215mmumoles of oxygen/mg./hr. This represented a larger stimulation of neuronal than of glial respiration compared with the basal level. 4. Respiration in cell suspensions was 70-80% of that of slices, whereas fractionated tissue homogenates had respiratory rates of only one-third those of the cell suspensions. Lactate dehydrogenase content of cell suspensions was maintained during gradient centrifugation and washing. 5. The possible uses of isolated cell preparations are discussed.


Effect of disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide) on mitochondrial oxidations.


Tissue and subcellular distribution of mammalian aldehyde-oxydizing capacity.


The influence of the beta-sympathicolytic agent propranolol on glycogenolysis and glycolysis in muscle, brain and liver of white mice.


Effect of salt solutions on glycogen phosphorylase. A possible role of the phosphoryl group in phosphorylase a.


The structure of triphosphoinositide from beef brain.


Mammalian alpha-acetylglucosaminidase. Enzymic properties, tissue distribution, and intracellular localization.


The distribution of tritium in fatty acids synthesized from tritiated glucose and tritiated water by rat adipose tissue.


Fatty acid biosynthesis. 3. Intracellular site of enzymes in lactating-rabbit mammary gland.


The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into individual liver phosphatides of rats.


Phospholipid metabolism in mitochondria and microsomes of rabbit liver during development.


The reaction of glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase with NAD+.


The extracellular nuclease activity of Micrococcus sodonensis. I. Isolation and purification.


Mercury-induced reversible increase in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase and concomitant decrease in mutase activity of animal phosphoglycerate mutases.


The extracellular nuclease activity of Micrococcus sodonensis. II. Characterization and mode of action.


Sex differences in the metabolism of phosphatidyl cholines in rat liver.


Endogenous hepatic ketogenesis. Cofactor requirements.


Inhibition of phosphatidic acid phosphatase by palmitoyl-coA.


The biosynthesis of glycerides and glycerophosphatides by rabbit reticulocytes.


Reduction of incubation time in citric acid fermentation by vermiculite.


Connective tissue degradation and distensibility characteristics of the non-living heart.


Thin-layer chromatography on buffered silica gel in the analysis of sugars in acid hydrolysates.


Cytomegalic inclusions in animals in South-West Rumania.


Experimental infection of pigs with 2 strains of porcine adenovirus.


Experimental infectious canine hepatitis. 3. Histological and immunofluorescence studies of the brain of infected dogs.


High-energy phosphate level and cytochrome c linked enzymes activity in some internal organs of sheep with lower phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system.


Sensitivity of streptomycetes to antibiotics as a taxonomic character.


The assay of catecholamines released into the circulation of the guinea-pig by angiotensin.


Neuraminidase activity of a bovine strain of parainfluenza 3 virus.


Chemiosmotic hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


Effect on the infectivity of various viruses by the intestinal factor of normal mice which inactivates murine hepatitis virus.


Effect of chlordiazepoxide on eosinopenia of stress in rabbits.


Effect of prolonged exercise on platelet adhesiveness.


Effect of single injections and intravenous infusions of noradrenalin and hypertension on the lelectrocardiographic pattern of dog in shock.


Effect of oestrogen on adrenal ascorbic acid content in the rat.


Effect of hexadimethrine bromide on adrenal corticosterone secretion in the rat.


Propagation of porcine cytomegalic inclusion disease virus in cell cultures. Preliminary report. The successful propagation of porcine cytomegalic inclusion disease virus (inclusion-body rhinitis virus) in primary pig lung cell cultures is reported. CID virus was carried through five passages in cell cultures with cytopathic affects appearing from 11 to 18 days post-inoculation. Four pigs inoculated with infected cell culture fluids from the second cell culture passage remained clinically normal. Two, however, had typical inclusion bodies in the glands of the nasal mucosa when examined three weeks post-inoculation. The progressive cytopathic effect produced and the inclusion bodies formed by this strain of porcine CIDV are described. These inclusion bodies appeared to be similar to those formed by cell culture-propagated cytomegaloviruses of man, mouse and guinea pig.


Influence of the spleen and thymus on immune responses in ageing mice.


Automated test for milk phosphatase.

Automated test for milk phosphatase.


Vesicular stomatitis virus--the relationship between some strains of the Indiana serotype.


Malignant catarrhal fever in East Africa 3. Neutralizing antibody in free-living wildebeest.


A histochemical study with Fasciola hepatica.


Histochemical study of beagle aorta.

Histochemical study of beagle aorta.


Tetracycline fluorescence and enzyme histochemistry on early radiation damage in mouse kidney.


Rabbit beta cell ultrastructure and insulin radio-immunoassay in experimental subdiabetes.


Potentiation of catecholamines by a new diphenylalkanolamine. II. Potentiation in various isolated organs.


Salt-induced alteration of D(-) lactate dehydrogenase from Polyspondylium pallidum.


Variations in survival among patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Analysis of 253 cases according to histologic type, anatomical stage and method of treatment.


Value of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in evolution of carcinomas of the human breast.


Clinical trials with N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride in malignant lymphoma and other disseminated neoplasia.


Occurrence of tumors in dysgenetic gonads.


Chromosome studies on cultured tumors of nervous tissue origin.


The results of cytology in 1000 patients with pulmonary malignancy.


Immunological analysis of extracts from livers in the course of carcinogenesis.


Toxohormone studies in autochthonous tumor-host system.


Succinate-dehydrogenating activity and cytochromes of hepatic microsomes.


Anion and substrate inhibition and kinetic behavior of NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from baker's yeast.


Analysis of the conditions causing the oscillatory oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by horseradish peroxidase.


The hydrolysis of inositol phosphates by Aerobacter aerogenes.


The influence of age, sex and genetic factors on the mechanical and physico-chemical structural stability of collagen fibres in mice.


Comparative studies of age tests on collagen fibres.


Comparison of ability of defective foreign genomes (PARA and MAC) carried by human adenoviruses to induce SV40 transplantation immunity.


Systemic vs. topical conditioning for acute necrosis.


Bacterial carotenoids XX. The carotenoids of Mycobacterium phlei strain Vera. 2. The structures of the phlei-xanthophylls--two novel tertiary glucosides.


Alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase from peas (Pisum sativum).


Isolation, structure and synthesis of alkaloids from Valeriana officinalis L.


Rous rat sarcoma studied with ferritin-conjugated antibodies.


Body temperature, antibody formation and inflammatory response.


Effectiveness of Rhizobium as modified by mutation for resistance to antibiotics.


Failure to detect interfering agents in febrile respiratory illnesses.


Isolation and properties of mutants of Aerobacter aerogenes blocked in nitrate assimilation.


Inhibition by azasteroids of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation with membrane fragments from Bacillus subtilis.


Effect of plaque assay diluent upon enumeration of poliovirus type 1.


Influence of relative humidity on the survival of some airborne viruses. A system for studying the effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on biological aerosols, utilizing a modified toroid for a static aerosol chamber, is described. Studies were conducted at 23 C and at three RH levels (10, 35, and 90%) with four viruses (Newcastle disease virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and Escherichia coli B T3 bacteriophage). Virus loss on aerosol generation was consistently lower at 90% than at 10 or 35% RH. When stored at 23 C, Newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus survived best at 10% RH. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and E. coli B T3 bacteriophage survived storage at 23 C best at 90% RH.


Agar concentration in counting Clostridium colonies. Decreasing the agar concentration of a counting medium from the usual 1.5% resulted in larger colonies with less interference from gas in Clostridium botulinum 115B and C. sporogenes PA 3679. Optimal agar concentration was 0.65% for C. botulinum with 24-hr incubation and 0.50% for C. sporogenes with 48-hr incubation. Lower concentrations yielded growth too diffuse for counting. Motility was considered the explanation for increased colony size in softer agar. The greater the degree of motility, the greater would be the diffusibility expected, and thus the higher the agar concentration required to insure discrete colonies. For quantitating motility, evaluations were made by use of microscopic examination of liquid cultures and rate of diffusion in a semisolid medium. With both criteria, the degree of motility of C. botulinum 115B clearly exceeded that of C. sporogenes PA 3679. Small-colony variants of C. botulinum in 0.65% agar yielded only small colonies on subculture, with a corresponding decrease in degree of motility of the cells by both criteria. Colony size of the nonmotile C. perfringens ATCC 3624 was unaffected by lowered agar concentrations.


Antibiotic activity in the presence of agar. Agar has been shown to interfere with the activity of some antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. This interference has been observed as an increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration and in the diameter of the zone of inhibition. Purifying the agar with water extractions substantially reduced this adverse effect.


Nuclear spin resonance evidence for complexing of sodium in frog skin.


Plaque assay of canine contagious hepatitis virus and antiserum.


Angiotensin alteration of sodium fluxes in smooth muscle.


African swine fever. 3. The use of the agar double-diffusion precipitation test for the detection of the virus in swine tissue. The agar double-diffusion precipitation test was applied successfully in the demonstration of ASF viral antigen in spleen and liver from swine experimentally infected by the oral route. Positive reactions were obtained with tissues collected as early as 24 hours after the onset of pyrexia and before other clinical manifestation of the disease. Cross-reactions were observed between the various ASF strains used in the study, making the test practical for routine diagnosis in which different strains may be encountered.


African swine fever. IV. Demonstration of the viral antigen by means of immunofluorescence. African swine fever immunofluorescent conjugates were prepared in swine and used successfully in the demonstration of viral antigen in frozen tissue sections and in inoculated tissue culture cells. Cross reactivity was observed with the six strains used in the inoculation of swine. The high antibody content of the serum of immune swine did not interfere with demonstration of the antigen in frozen tissue sections of certain of their organs. The localisation and extent of antigen varied with the stage of infection. The virus was demonstrated in spleen and other organs as early as after one day of pyrexia and until after death of the animal. A pool of hog cholera and African swine fever conjugates stained with dyes of different colours was used in the localisation of respective antigens in experimental mixed infection.


African swine fever. V. Cultivation of the virus in primary pig kidney cells. Six strains of African swine fever (ASF) virus were propagated in culture of primary pig kidney (PK) cells. The course of virus growth was followed by means of the fluorescent antibody staining technique. All 6 strains multiplied in the cultures, and 5 of these eventually showed cytopathic effects leading to cell death. Three of the strains were tested for pathogenicity in pigs at various passage levels. Each showed evidence of modification in virulence after a relatively few passages in PK cells. In one case modified virus produced resistance to challenge with homologous virulent virus. All strains rendered the PK cultures capable of hemadsorption of pig erythrocytes.


African swine fever. II. Detection of the virus in swine tissues by means of the modified direct complement-fixation test. The modified direct complement-fixation test, supplemented with unheated normal calf serum, was used to demonstrate antibodies in sera of swine immunized to African swine fever virus. These antibodies did not react in the ordinary direct non-supplemented complement-fixation test.African swine fever complement-fixing antigen in infected swine tissue is not denatured by extraction with fat solvents. Consequently, good antigens devoid of non-specific reactivity were obtained by extraction with a mixture of acetone and ether. The virus was detected in infected swine tissue harvested one day after beginning of pyrexia. The modified direct complement-fixation test demonstrated cross-reactions between the six strains of virus studied.


The effect of artificial insemination with semen contaminated with IBR-IPV virus.


Effect of angiotensin and phenoxybenzamine on release of norepinephrine in vessels during sympathetic nerve stimulation.


Isolation of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 from cattle with respiratory diseases.


Non-transfer of RNA from parent to progeny of encephalomyocarditis virus.


Epizootiologic studies of bovine myxovirus parainfluenza 3.


Fluorescence microscopy with the quartz-iodine lamp.


Removing viruses from water by polyelectrolytes.


Evidence for direct physical bonding between the collagen fibres and apatite cystals in bone.


Pharmacologic aids in adrenal angiography.


Protein synthesis by amoebal ribosomes.

Protein synthesis by amoebal ribosomes.


Photo-induced benzyl substitution of flavins by phenylacetate: a possible model for flavoprotein catalysis.


Rhinoviruses: a numbering system.

Rhinoviruses: a numbering system.


Viral transformation of monkey kidney cell cultures.


Complex formation, isolation and carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.


Controlled investigations in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) on transmission of SV-5 virus by contact.


Use of kieselguhr to increase cell production for animal virus investigations.


Differential sensibility of normal and tumour cells in two mouse tissues to the toxic activity of cancerogenic substances belonging to various chemical classes.


Occurrence and formation of virus particles in leukemic cells of the lah transplantable mouse leukemia.


The effect of ACTH on the catalase activity of the adrenal gland in in vivo experiments. Preliminary communication.


Myoglobin concentration and cytochrome oxidase activity of the cardiac muscle during iron deficiency in rats.


The effect of acidosis upon erythrocyte anaerobic glycolysis.


Further studies on the effects of social stress on the resistance to infection with Escherichia coli.


Studies on myopathy during corticotrophin treatment in multiple sclerosis patients.


Pig-bel--epidemic and sporadic necrotizing enteritis in the highlands of New Guinea.


Inhibition of EMC virus reproduction and prevention of cell death by amino acid analogues and puromycin.


Properties of the immunogenic and sensitizing activities of Bordetella pertussis in mice. II. Enchancement of susceptibility to bacterial endotoxins.


Separation of chlorophylls and related plant pigments by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography.


The effect of glycerol on the rate of movement of some amino acids on silica gel thin layers.


Chromatographic separation on silica gel glass fiber paper of compounds from yeast labeled by aspartate-14C.


Nucleotide sequences from the low molecular weight ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli.


The 5'-terminal dinucleotides of the separated strands of T7 bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid.


Respiratory enzymes during aestivation of the Indian apple-snail Pila globosa.


Effects of acetylcholine and other medullary secretagogues and antagonists on the membrane potential of adrenal chromaffin cells: an analysis employing techniques of tissue culture. 1. A method has been devised for isolating adrenal chromaffin cells (from gerbils) and maintaining them in vitro. Transmembrane potentials of these cells were recorded with intracellular micro-electrodes.2. Acetylcholine depolarized the chromaffin cells and so did various other substances known to evoke catecholamine secretion: nicotine, pilocarpine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, angiotensin, and bradykinin.3. The depolarizing effect of acetylcholine was partially antagonized by hexamethonium and was blocked completely by hexamethonium in combination with atropine.4. Hexamethonium alone completely blocked the response to nicotine; and atropine alone abolished the response to pilocarpine. Thus both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are present in gerbil chromaffin cells.5. The experiments demonstrate that the various secretagogues and antagonists tested act on the plasma membrane of the chromaffin cell and raise the question whether depolarization may be an important event in stimulus-secretion coupling.


Effect of calcium ions and pentachlorophenol on the respiration of Micrococcus lysodeikticus.


Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by chloroquine.


Antibody-mediated immunity to transplantable tumors following reovirus oncolysis.


Benign tumours of the submandibular gland.


Salmonellosis: the present position in man and animals. Laboratory aspects with particular reference to chemotherapy and control.


Studies on phosphate binding sites of inosinic acid dehydrogenase and adenylosuccinate synthetase.


Properties of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase from rat brain.


The effect of rotenone on beef liver glutamic dehydrogenase.


Chemistry, microscopy, and performance of methylated glycerol-treated muscle fibers.


Ultraviolet, visible, circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the copper (II) complexes of thyroxine and thyroxine analogs.


Detection of clostridial hemolysin formed in vivo. Experimental clostridial myonecrosis closely resembling gas gangrene was produced in goats by the intramuscular injection of washed clostridia suspended in adrenalin. The preparation provides a model for the study of clostridial myonecrosis that is relatively isolated from preceding trauma. A new test for the demonstration of clostridial exotoxins, the hemolysin indicator plate test, was described. This test gave reliable results within 6 hr, and only minute quantities of test material were required. Application of this test to would exudates of goats with experimental clostridial myonecrosis demonstrated the presence of the gamma toxin of Clostridium novyi, alpha toxin of C. septicum, and the alpha toxin of C. perfringens in exudates from animals injected with washed Clostridium bacilli suspended in adrenalin. Exudates from goats injected with C. perfringens were lethal for mice and produced necrosis of guinea pig skin typical of C. perfringens. The convincing demonstration of clostridial exotoxins formed in vivo in this experimental model could be the basis for definition of clostridial exotoxin actions which have evaded study in the past.


Characterizion of Mycoplasma pulmonis variants isolated from rabbits. II. Basis for differentiation of antigenic subtypes. The antigen composition of Mycoplasma pulmonis variants was studied by complement-fixation, agar-gel diffusion, and growth-inhibition tests. Two classes of complement-fixing antigens were demonstrated for M. pulmonis strains 47 and 63: (i) cross-related, heat-labile, water-soluble antigens, and (ii) high-titered, subtype-specific, heat-stable, water-soluble antigens. Lipid antigens prepared by organic solvent fractionation were low-titered antigens and showed little specificity. With the aid of agar-gel double-diffusion plates, the subtype-specific antigens were found to be precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and to be stable to periodate, but they were inactivated by pronase. Pronase-stable, periodate-labile precipitating antigens were observed as common components between the two variants. Antisera prepared with boiled antigens were found to be serologically active on gel diffusion but lacked neutralizing ability in growth-inhibition tests. Each of three strains of M. pulmonis (47, 63, ATCC 14267) could be identified as a variant because each strain possessed immunologically distinct heat-stable subtype-specific antigen(s).


Local and regional applications of hydrogen peroxide in the control of clostridial myositis in rabbits. The intra-arterial infusion of hydrogen peroxide has been used as a method for producing a hyperoxic environment in experimental animals for the treatment of experimentally induced clostridial myositis. Eighty-five rabbits were employed in this study; 43 were controls and 42 were experimental animals. In the experimental study, 21 animals were treated with hydrogen peroxide by each route of administration. In this group, 52.4% of the animals receiving the intra-arterial infusion and 66.6% receiving intramuscular clysis survived. There were no survivors past 72 hr in the control group.


Prevention by polymyxin B of endotoxin lethality in mice.


The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the uptake of radioisotopes by tumors in rats.


Evaluation of ethiodol for lung scanning.


The uptake of technetium-99m pertechnetate by the choroid plexus.


The nucleolus, virus infection, and trisomy in man.


Estrogen effects on human oral epithelium. Cytologic, histologic and clinical comparisons.


Is there proton noise in mitochondrial membranes leading to chance fluctuations in pH?


Demonstration of IgA polioantibody in saliva, duodenal fluid and urine.


Time-dependence and count-dependence in microbial infection.


Pitfalls in electron spin resonance spectrometry in biological tissues.


Activity of a macrophage factor in collagen formation by silica.


Haemolytic activity of asbestos and other mineral dusts.


Synergistic toxicity and carcinogenicity of 'freons' and piperonyl butoxide.


Comparison of techniques for obtaining single cell suspensions from tumors.


Presence of antibodies against parainfluenza 3 virus in camel and sheep sera.


Hydrolysis of pregnanediol glucuronide by sodium periodate.


The activities of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in white muscle and red muscle. 1. The activities of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase were measured in extracts of muscles of various physiological function, and compared with the activities of other enzymes including phosphofructokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the lactate-dehydrogenase isoenzymes. 2. The activity of phosphofructokinase greatly exceeded that of fructose diphosphatase in all muscles tested, and it is concluded that fructose diphosphatase could not play any significant role in the regulation of fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation in muscle. 3. Fructose-diphosphatase activity was highest in white muscle and low in red muscle. No activity was detected in heart or a deep-red skeletal muscle, rabbit semitendinosus. 4. The lactate-dehydrogenase isoenzyme ratio (activities at high and low substrate concentration) was measured in various muscles because a low ratio is characteristic of muscles that are more dependent on glycolysis for their energy production. As the ratio decreased the activity of fructose diphosphatase increased, which suggests that highest fructose-diphosphatase activity is found in muscles that depend most on glycolysis. 5. There was a good correlation between the activities of fructose diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in white muscle, where the activities of these enzymes were similar to those of liver and kidney cortex. However, the activities of pyruvate carboxylase and glucose 6-phosphatase were very low in white muscle, thereby excluding the possibility of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate and lactate. 6. It is suggested that the presence of fructose diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in white muscle may be related to operation of the alpha-glycerophosphate-dihydroxyacetone phosphate and malate-oxaloacetate cycles in this tissue.


The redox state of free nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of rat liver. 1. The concentrations of the oxidized and reduced substrates of the lactate-, beta-hydroxybutyrate- and glutamate-dehydrogenase systems were measured in rat livers freeze-clamped as soon as possible after death. The substrates of these dehydrogenases are likely to be in equilibrium with free NAD(+) and NADH, and the ratio of the free dinucleotides can be calculated from the measured concentrations of the substrates and the equilibrium constants (Holzer, Schultz & Lynen, 1956; Bücher & Klingenberg, 1958). The lactate-dehydrogenase system reflects the [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio in the cytoplasm, the beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase that in the mitochondrial cristae and the glutamate dehydrogenase that in the mitochondrial matrix. 2. The equilibrium constants of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) were redetermined for near-physiological conditions (38 degrees ; I0.25). 3. The mean [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio of rat-liver cytoplasm was calculated as 725 (pH7.0) in well-fed rats, 528 in starved rats and 208 in alloxan-diabetic rats. 4. The [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio for the mitochondrial matrix and cristae gave virtually identical values in the same metabolic state. This indicates that beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase share a common pool of dinucleotide. 5. The mean [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio within the liver mitochondria of well-fed rats was about 8. It fell to about 5 in starvation and rose to about 10 in alloxan-diabetes. 6. The [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratios of cytoplasm and mitochondria are thus greatly different and do not necessarily move in parallel when the metabolic state of the liver changes. 7. The ratios found for the free dinucleotides differ greatly from those recorded for the total dinucleotides because much more NADH than NAD(+) is protein-bound. 8. The bearing of these findings on various problems, including the following, is discussed: the number of NAD(+)-NADH pools in liver cells; the applicability of the method to tissues other than liver; the transhydrogenase activity of glutamate dehydrogenase; the physiological significance of the difference of the redox states of mitochondria and cytoplasm; aspects of the regulation of the redox state of cell compartments; the steady-state concentration of mitochondrial oxaloacetate; the relations between the redox state of cell compartments and ketosis.


The enzymic hydrolysis of amygdalin.

The enzymic hydrolysis of amygdalin. Chromatographic examination has shown that the enzymic hydrolysis of amygdalin by an almond beta-glucosidase preparation proceeds consecutively: amygdalin was hydrolysed to prunasin and glucose; prunasin to mandelonitrile and glucose; mandelonitrile to benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid. Gentiobiose was not formed during the enzymic hydrolysis. The kinetics of the production of mandelonitrile and hydrocyanic acid from amygdalin by the action of the beta-glucosidase preparation favour the probability that three different enzymes are involved, each specific for one hydrolytic stage, namely, amygdalin lyase, prunasin lyase and hydroxynitrile lyase. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation showed that it contained a number of enzymically active components.


The mineral content of bituminous coal miners' lungs.


The effect on some enzymes of rat tissue of diets low in fat content. 1. Rats of two strains were kept on three different diets; one was a commercial diet of rat pellets, one contained about 80% of sucrose and 20% of casein and was supplemented with corn oil, and the third was a similar diet without the corn oil. 2. On the commercial diet, the specific activities of pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in the livers of one strain of rats (strain A) were 1.5-3 times those in the other strain (strain B). When the diet high in sucrose and supplemented with corn oil was given, there were large increases in the specific activity of pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in the livers of strain A rats. With strain B rats the increases were much smaller. Omission of corn oil from the diet caused a threefold increase in the specific activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in strain B rats, but had little effect on other enzymes. 3. The enzymes of the kidneys and hearts of strain A rats were also more active than those of strain B rats. In strain A rats, the specific activities of pyruvate kinase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in the kidney increased when the sucrose content of the diet was high, but in the kidneys of strain B rats there was little change. 4. In strain A rats, the specific activity of pyruvate kinase in the heart more than doubled with the high-sucrose-corn oil diet and increased threefold when corn oil was omitted. No changes were seen in strain B rats. 5. In strain A rats, omission of corn oil from the diet increased the ability of the kidneys to synthesize glucose from lactate. 6. In strain B rats, addition of corn oil to the diet resulted in a decrease in the liver in the specific activity of ATP citrate lyase and in the ability to incorporate acetate into lipid.


Reflex control of blood pressure by the right subclavian baroreceptor in experimental renal hypertension of rabbit.


In vitro effects of fluoride on tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases and oxidative phosphorylation. I.


The effects of angiotensin II on the 45-Ca distribution of the rat.


The pathology of gastric carcinoma.

The pathology of gastric carcinoma.


Primary neoplasms of the alimentary canal in whites and Bantu of the Transvaal, 1949-1953. A histopathological series.


Clostridium perfringens food poisoning.

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning.


Correlation of structure and function in selected tumors of the human nervous system.


Experiences in pancreas scanning using 75-Se-selenomethionine.


Effects of glucose feeding, cortisol, and insulin on liver glycogen synthesis in the rat.


Quantitative study of the diabetogenic action of ACTH and growth hormone in partially pancreatectomized rats.


ACTH-mediated insulin secretion: effect of aminophylline.


Density gradient centrifugation of human and bovine parathyroid hormone.


Thyrocalcitonin activity in hypercalcemia produced by calcium salts, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.


Renin-angiotensin system, adrenal steroids and sodium depletion in a primitive mammal, the American opossum.


Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of iodide on thyroidal 131-I release in the rat.


Aging at the cellular level.

Aging at the cellular level.


Safety factors in dacryocystorhinostomy.


Reconstruction of hand surface defects.

Reconstruction of hand surface defects.


An arrhenoblastoma with estimations of androgenic steroids.


The value of treatment of cerebral tumours.


Electron spin resonance spectra of heated polynuclear hydrocarbons.


Aminoacyltransferase stimulation of protein synthesis by pig adrenal polysomes.


Isolation from Bordetella pertussis of protective antigen free from toxic activity and histamine sensitizing factor.


Bronchiolar carcinoma: a case report with pulmonary function studies.


Inhibition of placental steroid synthesis by steroid metabolites: possible feedback control.


The young pig. Alimentary disorders.

The young pig. Alimentary disorders.


Gynecologic cancer. Vaginal cytology of female children.


Ovarian malignancy in children, with special reference to the germ-cell tumors.


Radiation therapy in the management of children with gynecologic cancers.


True precocious puberty.

True precocious puberty.


Adrenal virilism in childhood.

Adrenal virilism in childhood.


Decomposition of polyphosphate in yeast cell by freeze-thawing.


Location of polyphosphate and polyphosphatase in yeast cells and damage to the protoplasmic membrane of the cell by freeze-thawing.


Enzymic formation of D-kynurenine from D-tryptophan.


The deamido-diphosphopyridine nucleotide and diphosphopyridine nucleotide pyrophosphorylases of Escherichia coli and yeast.


Some properties of variously activated microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphate-glucose phosphotransferase. Shift in pH optimum.


Nature of enzyme-coenzyme interactions in liver alcohol dehydrogenase.


Benzylalcohol dehydrogenase, a new alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp.


Comparative effects, in vitro, of various detergents on liver glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase, inorganic pyrophosphate-glucose phosphotransferase, and acid inorganic pyrophosphatase activities.


Some chemical and physical properties of thermostable glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.


Effect of magnesium ions on coenzyme A and pyrophosphate derivatives inhibition of yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.


ATP-dependent reduction of azide and HCN by N2-fixing enzymes of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum.


Hormonal effects on the development of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic chick retina.


Effects of epinephrine, corticotropin, and thyrotropin on lipolysis and glucose oxidation in rat adipose tissue. (Log dose)-response curves have been determined for lipolysis and for the conversion of glucose-(14)C to (14)CO(2) by adipose tissue from rats in the presence of epinephrine, corticotropin, and thyrotropin. The stimulatory effect of epinephrine on lipolysis was greater than that of corticotropin or thyrotropin. Lipolysis induced by epinephrine was inhibited by propranolol but only slightly by phenoxybenzamine, whereas lipolysis induced by corticotropin was inhibited by phenoxybenzamine to a much greater extent than by propranolol. Neither blocking drug had a pronounced effect on the response to thyrotropin. Epinephrine stimulated the oxidation of glucose-(14)C to CO(2) more than did either thyrotropin or corticotropin. Moreover, epinephrine stimulated the conversion of glucose-(14)C to CO(2) and fatty acids even when lipolysis was not increased. These studies indicate that epinephrine can affect glucose utilization independently of its effect on lipolysis.


Efficient elution of rabbit liver and plasma phospholipids from thin-layer plates. The efficient recovery (96.3-99.6%) of phospholipids by elution from thin-layer plates is documented. The composition of phospholipids from rabbit liver and plasma is reported.


Numerical classification of some viruses, bacteria and animals according to nearest-neighbour base sequence frequency.


Effect of stimulus intensity on the rising phase of the nerve action potential in healthy subjects and in patients with peripheral nerve lesions.


Thermal analysis and stability of refractory investments.


Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.


Acute necrotizing encephalitis: a problem in diagnosis.


Acetylcholine depolarization of bullfrog sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals.


Rehabilitative digital surgery in epidermolysis bullosa.


Breast reconstruction following radical mastectomy.


Radiography of the acute abdomen.

Radiography of the acute abdomen.


Myxovirus parainfluenza-3 respiratory infection in dairy cattle.


Viral respiratory infection in commercial feedlot cattle.


Antibody response to inactivated preparations of African swine fever virus in pigs.


Porcine enteroviruses: a serologic comparison of thirty-eight Pennsylvania isolates with other reported North American strains, Teschen, Talfan, and T80 serums--a progress report.


Metabolism of myo-inositol in animals. II. Complete catabolism of myo-inositol-14C by rat kidney slices.


Intracellular distribution of 5'-ribonuclease and 5'-phosphodiesterase in rat liver.


The isolation, composition and physicochemical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid from Bordetella pertussis.


Mammalian lipoic acid activating enzyme.


Stereospecificity of the allosteric NADH dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Evidence for the binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide by succinic dehydrogenase.


The inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity by cytochrome c peptide fragments.


Biosynthesis of aminoacyl derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol.


The intracellular distribution of [1-3H]cholecalciferol in the intestine of vitamin D-deficient and -supplemented rats. 1. [1-(3)H]Cholecalciferol was administered orally at two dosages to vitamin D-deficient and -supplemented rats, and the intracellular distribution of the vitamin in the intestinal mucosa studied. 2. The concentration of cholecalciferol was highest in a fraction consisting of brush borders and nuclei. The microsomal fraction contained a higher concentration of the vitamin than the mitochondrial fraction in deficient rats, irrespective of the dose, whereas in the vitamin D-supplemented rats the concentration was the same in the two fractions. 3. Appreciable metabolism of the cholecalciferol occurred only in the supplemented rats and the metabolites were found predominantly in the mitochondrial fraction. 4. The cholecalciferol is more tightly bound to the microsomal fraction than to the mitochondrial fraction. 5. Experiments conducted in vitro have shown that all the intracellular particles combine with the vitamin either when dissolved in ethanol or bound to albumin. However, such an uptake does not account for the high concentration of radioactivity found in vivo in the fraction containing nuclei and brush border, nor for the tightly bound vitamin in the microsomal fraction.


The properties of non-virus-producing (NP) Rous sarcoma cells.


Synthesis of an antigenic copolymer of angiotensin and succinylated poly-L-lysine.


Influence of thymectomy on plasma corticosterone in the rat.


Pseudocowpox in dairy cattle.

Pseudocowpox in dairy cattle.


Growth of the L-cell in galactose medium.


Biochemical and physicochemical characterization of collagen-synthesizing polyribosomes. Synthesis of collagen on polyribosomes has been demonstrated in vitro in chick embryo corium by radioisotope incorporation, zone centrifugation through sucrose gradients, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Collagen synthesis was associated with polyribosomes ranging in size, as reflected by their sedimentation constants, from about 180S to approximately 1600S. Most of the newly formed collagen, hydroxyproline, was present on the largest polyribosome aggregates ( approximately 350-1600S), but small polyribosomes ( approximately 180-200S) also contained collagen. On the basis of the proline-(14)C/hydroxyproline-(14)C ratios and the disrupting effect of collagenase, the proposal is made that the 350-1600S polyribosomes from this tissue are involved predominantly in collagen synthesis. The large polyribosomes are disrupted extensively by collagenase but only partially by ribonuclease and trypsin. Therefore, it appears that they are stabilized by the interaction of newly forming collagen chains. Evidence is presented consistent with the hypothesis that these large polyribosomes are formed by the aggregation of small polyribosomes (180-200S) through the interaction of collagen polypeptides. It is suggested that these small polyribosomes might be involved in the synthesis of subunits of the collagen alpha chain.


The growth of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in cell cultures.


Synthesis of some orotic acid analogs as potential antimetabolites.


Supercoiling of polyoma virus DNA measured by its interaction with ethidium bromide.


Effect of diphtheria toxin on protein synthesis: inactivation of one of the transfer factors.


Selective dissociation of histones from calf thymus nucleoprotein.


Isolation of sendai virus as a latent respiratory virus in mice.


An electron microscopic study of hypertrophic neuropathy of Dejerine and Sottas.


Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an experimental mouse colony.


A comparison of vitamin D2 and D3 in New World primates. I. Production and regression of osteodystrophia fibrosa.


The effect of phospholipase C on influenza viruses: limited release of "soluble" V-antigens and of neuraminidase.


Some evidence for differentiation of ACTH and norepinephrine lipolytic receptors in adipose cells.


Mutants of the simian virus 40 which differ in cell-transforming activity.


Activity of thymidine kinase in mouse embryo cells infected with polyoma virus.


Purification of human angiotensin.

Purification of human angiotensin.


Isolation of a non-dialysable active pressor principle from pig serum.


Increased incidence of avian leukosis in response to excess vitamin A.


Differences in uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase between haemolysates of newborns and of adults.


Antigen deletions in carcinogen-induced rat hepatomata.


Induction of hepatoma in mice by carcinogens of the polycyclic hydrocarbon type.


Pathogenicity of the chicken sarcoma virus (Schmidt-Ruppin) for amphibians and reptiles.


Hypertrophic neuropathy.

Hypertrophic neuropathy.


Streptomycin biosynthesis: participation of a phosphatase, aminating enzyme, and kinase in cell-free synthesis of streptidine-P from inosamine-P.


On the submitochondrial localization of l-kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.


Resolution of complex I (DPNH-coenzyme Q reductase) of the mitochondrial electron transfer system.


The effects of mepyrapone (SU 4885) and some hypercholesterolaemic drugs on hepatic sterol and fatty acid oxidation.


Blood thiamine and nicotinic acid levels in alcoholism and confusional states.


Nucleic acid metabolism in intestinal mucosa. V. Heterogeneity of deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from the intestinal mucosa of the rat.


Participation of nicotinamide mononucleotide in pyridine nucleotide synthesis in tumor and host liver.


The wheat leaf phosphatases. 8. A preparation with phosphotransferase activity.


A rapid method for the isolation of coeruloplasmin.


Collagenolytic activity during mammalian wound repair.


Thyroid activity and endocrine gland weight in fast- and slow-growing chickens.


In situ lobular cancer of the breast.

In situ lobular cancer of the breast.


Experimental infectious canine hepatitis. IV. Histological and immunofluorescence studies of the kidney.