Intranuclear localization of mercury in vivo. Purified nuclei isolated from mice challenged with nonlethal levels of mercury chloride (10-(3)M) in drinking water for 4 to 7 weeks (experimental) and from animals given deionized water (control) were fractionated and the subsequent fractions were analyzed for mercury by flameless atomic absorption. Control (active) euchromatin contained 1.75 +/- 0.53 micrograms of mercury per milligram of DNA. There was a 12- to 15-fold enrichment of mercury in the euchromatin fraction of challenged animals. Mercury was not detected in control (inactive) heterochromatin, and only trace levels (parts per billion) appeared in experimental heterochromatin. It seems likely that mercury can be incorporated into chromatin as a metal-protein complex, but the possibility of protein-mercury-DNA or mercury-DNA complexes within euchromatin cannot be excluded.


Interferon induction: tool for establishing interactions among homopolyribonucleotides. Hitherto unrecognized interactions between homopolyribonucleotides and complexes thereof are suggested by interferon induction data obtained in a highly sensitive assay system of primary rabbit kidney cell cultures superinduced by metabolic inhibitors.


Hypoxemia and the sudden infant death syndrome. Infants with known chronic hypoxemia before death retained a large proportion of the brown fat cells that are normally replaced by white fat cells after birth. Many of these hypoxemic infants also had an abnormal retention of extramedullary hematopoiesis. These same abnormalities were found in many victims of the sudden infant death syndrome.


Decline of DDT residues in migratory songbirds. Analyses of ten species of migratory songbirds killed when the birds flew into television towers in Florida showed a progressive decline in the concentration of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in their fat depots for the period 1964 to 1973. This decline is apparently correlated with the decreased usage of DDT in the United States during the same time.


Letter: Increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity at extremely high altitudes.


Letter: How specific is specific?

Letter: How specific is specific?


Negative resistance characteristic essential for the maintenance of slow oscillations in bursting neurons. Voltage clamping giving step commands reveals a steady-state negative resistance characteristic in the current-voltage curves of Aplysia bursting neurons. This is observed below spike threshold in the unstable range through which the membrane potential slowly oscillates. The negative resistance characteristic underlies this instability and shapes the rapid depolarization-hyper-polarization phase of the cycle. When bursting cells are converted to silent cells (by cooling) the negative resistance is abolished; conversely, when normally silent cells are made to burst (by warming) a negative resistance develops. The presence of negative resistance thus enables the bursting cell to oscillate, whereas its absence precluldes such oscillations.


Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: evidence for abnormal adrenergic function. Subjects with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency with self-mutilation) exhibit an apparently unique pattern of adrenergic dysfunction characterized by elevated plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity and an absence of pressor response to acute sympathetic stimulation. Patients with a partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase without self-mutilation do not exhibit these abnormalities of adrenergic function.


Zinc protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes of patients with lead intoxication and iron deficiency anemia. The fluorescent porphyrin in the erythrocytes of patients with lead intoxication or with iron deficiency anemia is zinc protoporphyrin that is bound to globin moieties, probably at heme binding sites.


Arginine vasotocin: effects on development of reproductive organs. Immature 25-day-old mice were injected daily with 1 microgram of arginine vasotocin for 3 or 4 days and killed 24 hours after the last injection. The ovaries were 30 percent smaller in treated females than in controls. The ventral prostates and accessory organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands) were less than half the size of these structures in control males. Similar results were observed when 15-day-old mice were given similar injections and killed 2 weeks after the last injection; furthermore, testis weights were 28 percent smaller than those of controls. It is speculated that arginine vasotocin, which has been found in mammalian pineal glands, might mediate effects of the pineal gland on normal sexual development.


Ethanol inhibition of vitamin A metabolism in the testes: possible mechanism for sterility in alcoholics. Vitanin A (retinol) is essential for spermatogenesis. Alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for ethanol metabolism, is also required for the conversion of retinol to bioactive retinal at the end organ site. Ethanol inhibits the oxidation of retinol by testicular homogenates containing alcohol dehydrogenase. Thus, a possible biochemnical mechanism for the sterility of chronic alcoholics is identified.


Electrophysiological correlates of meaning. The use of context-sensitive symbols offers an appropriate methodology for investigating the representation of meaning in the brain. This approach revealed that late components of frontal, but not occipital, evoked potentials reflect the change of meaning of a symbolic stimulus when it appears in different temporal contexts.


Gastric brooding: unique form of parental care in an Australian frog. The recently described leptodactylid frog Rheobatrachus silus of Queensland, Australia, exhibits a unique form of parental care. The female carries embryos and young in the stomach, propulsively ejecting the juveniles.


Electron diffraction of frozen, hydrated protein crystals. High-resolution electron diffraction patterns have been obtained from frozen, hydrated catalase crystals to demonstrate the feasibility of using a frozen specimen hydration technique. The use of frozen specimens to maintain the hydration of complex biological structures has certain advantages over previously developed liquid hydration techniques.


Decrease in free cystine content of cultured cystinotic fibroblasts by ascorbic acid. The 100-fold increase in free cystine content characteristic of cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with nephropathic cystinosis was decreased more than 50 percent by addition of L-ascorbic acid to the culture medium at concentrations of 0.29 to 2.9 millimolar. Fresh ascorbic acid must be added to the culture medium daily to produce a progressive decrease of the free cystine content of the cells over a 3-day period. Upon removal of ascorbic acid from the medium, the free cystine content returns to its initial value.


Peromyscus: effect of early pairing on reproduction. Sibling mating in prairie deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi) results in poor reproductive performance. Siblings experimentally paired before puberty exhibit delayed reproduction when adult. A behavioral mechanism is involved in this reproductive delay, since prepubertal familiarity also delays reproduction in nonsibling pairs. Such a reproductive delay may act to reduce inbreeding depression and regulate population growth.


Tandem calling: a new kind of signal in ant communication. Leptothorax acervorum, L. muscorum, and L. nylanderi recruit nest mates to a new food source by tandem running, with only one nest mate being recruited at a time. This technique is initiated by a special "tandem calling" behavior; the recruiter slants its gaster upward and discharges poison gland secretions from the extruded sting. Nest mates are attracted, and as soon as one of them touches the calling ant, tandem running starts. Further details of the full recruitment sequence are provided. Evidence is presented to suggest that tandem running is the evolutionary precursor of odor-trail communication and sex attraction within certain phylogenetic lines of myrmicine ants.


Scaling stride frequency and gait to animal size: mice to horses. The stride frequency at which animals of different size change from one gait to another (walk, trot, gallop) changes in a regular manner with body mass. The speed at the transition from trot to gallop can be used as an equivalent speed for comparing animals of different size. This transition point occurs at lower speeds and higher stride frequencies in smaller animals. Plotting stride frequency at the trot-gallop transition point as a function of body mass in logarithmic coordinates yields a straight line.


Lead contamination around secondary smelters: estimation of dispersal and accumulation by humans. A high rate of lead fallout around two secondary lead smelters originated mainly from episodal large-particulate emissions from low-level fugitive sources rather than from stack fumes. The lead content of dustfall, and consequently of soil, vegetation, and outdoor dust, decreased exponentially with distance from the two smelters. Between 13 and 30 percent of the children living in the contaminated areas had absorbed excessive amounts of lead (more than 40 micrograms per 100 milliliters of blood and more than 100 micrograms per gram of hair) as compared with less than 1 percent in a control group. A relationship between blood and hair was established which indicated that the absorption was fairly constant for most children examined. It seemned that the ingestion of contaminated dirt and dusts rather than "paint pica" was the major route of lead intake. Metabolic changes were found in most of 21 children selected from those with excessive lead absorption; 10 to 15 percent of this group showed subtle neurological dysfunctions and minor psychomotor abnormalities.


Dendritic spine "dysgenesis" and mental retardation. Golgi studies reveal abnormally long, thin spines and the absence of short, thick spines on dendrites of cortical neurons in retarded children with normal karyotypes. The degree of dendritic spine loss and abnormality appears to be related to age and the severity of developmental retardation. Dendritic spine "dysgenesis" is a common feature of the microstructural pathology that occurs in profound mental retardation of unknown etiology.


Target structure and echo spectral discrimination by echolocating bats. Echolocating bats can use sonar to discriminate among targets which reflect echoes differing in spectral distribution of energy but not in overall intensity. They can detect differences smaller than 1 millimeter in fine target structure. Bats may be capable of classifying targets from echo spectral signatures and might thus be able to distinguish among flying insect prey by sonar.


Serum and urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever; with particular reference to disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure.


Acute serum sickness induced immunologic injury of the choroid plexus; with particular reference to the effect of prednisolone and the nature of the interstitial cell.


Mesangial IgA/IgG deposit glomerulonephritis.


Comparison of thioglycollate media, modified thioglycollate media, and GAM for the cultivation of non-sporeforming anaerobes.


Elimination of basic fuchsin and other dyes from the pancreas.


An approach to promote the rural health care.


Studies on the population of toxigenic fungi in foodstuffs.


Clinical studies on biometrics of the placenta.


Haemodynamic responses to drotaverine and noradrenaline in the dog.


Comparative intracardiac and mechanographic studies in the dog.


Effect of prostaglandins and drotaverine on ADP-induced platelet aggregation.


Drug-induced manifestation of hereditary hepatopathy. Drug treatment appears to have induced the manifestation of undetected enzymopathy in 4 case studies.  2 patients had acute intermittent porphyria and 2 had Gilbert's syndrome.  In acute intermittent porphyria, the effects of enzyme inducers may overproduce DALA-synthetase which may lead to an acute porphyria attack.  In Gilbert's syndrome, enzyme activity is hormone-dependent and studies have shown that synthetic estrogens are inhibitory to conjugation with glucuronide.  Therefore, drug use may result in the manifestation of hereditary or genetic defects.


Effect of acute cholestasis on hepatic circulation.


Complications of polycythaemia vera and its association with non-haematological diseases.


Remodelling dynamics of cortical bone under the influence of ceramic implants in sheep.


Experiences with the development and use of human implants made of AI2O3.


The status of porous materials to obtain direct skeletal attachment by tissue ingrowth.


Skeletal fixation by metal fiber coating of the implant.


Scintiscanning examination following total hip replacement.


Screw and plate devices in the fixation of fractures. A ten year survey.


Wear and loosening of total joint replacements.


Standardization of orthopedic implants in the United States of America.


Fracture of total hip arthroplasties at the level of the femoral component. Theoretical, metallographical and experimental study. Apropos of 5 clinical cases.


Implant standards: the specification paradox.


Structural aberrations of chromosome 18. I. The 18p-syndrome.


Terminal myocardial infarction. A prospective study.


Left ventricular ejection fraction and results of cardiac surgery.


Myocardial calcium in experimental myocardial infarction.


Studies on Haemonchus contortus. I. The influence of previous exposure to Trichostrongylus axei on infestation with H. contortus.


A survey of diseases among 100 free-ranging baboons (Papio ursinus) from the Kruger National Park.


The elimination of ribonucleic acid interference in the spectrophotometric determination of protein concentration.


Topical meclocycline in the treatment of trachoma in lower Egypt.


Immunological studies in children with xeroderma pigmentosum.


Tissue alkaline phosphatase activity in rickets due to vitamin-D deficiency.


Diagnostic value of renal studies with radioisotopes in the pediatric age group.


Ataxia-telangiectasia and malignancies.

Ataxia-telangiectasia and malignancies.


Basic considerations on treatment of increased platelet aggregation in diabetic vasculopathic patients.


Synalbumin, its isolation and conservation.


Changes in plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), cortisol, immunoreactive human growth hormone (IRHGH) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) after tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia in obese subjects.


Effects of diet composition on glucose tolerance and plasma lipids of non insulin-dependent diabetics.


Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental and clinical hyperthyroidism: studies on plasma insulin and on the A- and B-chains of insulin.


Carbohydrate-induced hyperlipemia in human atherosclerosis.


The surgical treatment of non-tumorous tracheal stenoses.


Management of laryngo-tracheal stenosis.


Some methodological problems in assessment of chronic respiratory diseases prevalence.


Treatment of viral hepatitis.

Treatment of viral hepatitis.


Isolation of Matruh virus from Hyalomma marginatum ticks in Egypt.


Serum protein and immuniglobulin patterns in human toxoplasmosis.


Antibodies to Dhori and Wanowrie viruses in Egyptian sera.


The principle of separate responsibility and the therapeutic community. Within a psychiatric hospital it has been attempted to realize a maximum number of the elements of the therapeutic community. Problems here are the short median stays of patients and the rapid turnover of both patients and staff. What is more, a basic problem of the therapeutic community was encountered, namely that the interests of the individual patient and of the patients as a group are considered as identical. Thus there came about the development of the principle of separate responsibility, whereby a division of responsibility is made between the individual patient and the unit. Work is carried out by multidsiciplinary and largely democratized teams.


Sexual and other abnormalities in the family of a transsexual. A case of transsexualism with homosexuality of Kinsey type 6 is described, in whose maternal kinship were found a large number of persons with various types of sexual abnormalities including one case of probable transsexualism. The pattern of intermarriage produces from generation to generation an increasing number of children with such abnormalities. The patient and a number of relatives also show epilepsy. That disorder seems to exist mainly in the paternal kinship, and the coexistence of transexxualism and epilepsy in the patient seems coincidental.


A motivation evaluating rating scale for chronic impaired schizophrenics (MERS). The attempt is made to structure a rating scale intended to evaluate the motivational level of chronic impaired schizophrenics (defect-schizophrenia). The need for such a measuring tool is stressed, considering mainly the relatively poor symptomatology of these patients, the difficulties to discern changes in the patients' condition and the fact that lack of motivation basically features the schizophrenic impairment. The scale strives to be as comprehensive as possible, extending from the lowest biological level to the highest social and cultural aspects of motivation.


Changing time perception with antidepressant drug therapy. A pilot study on the time sense of ten depressed patients was performed before and during, as well as after, antidepressant therapy with tricyclic compounds. Short time spans were measured by two methods, giving then two different tasks. Measurements were performed in the morning as well as evening hours, in order to take into account diuranl variations. Accuracy of time estimation was considerably deviant. All except one patient overestimated time. With improvement, time sense also improved. Errors were still greater in the morning. The value of the results are discussed.


Experimental non-gangrenous mesenteric ischaemia.


[Doxycycline and mesosome ultrastructure in Staphylococcus aureus].


[The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of amoxicillin-flucloxacillin combination (1:1 ratio)].


[Nilemycin, a new antibiotic].

[Nilemycin, a new antibiotic].


Plesiomonas shigelloides. Survey and possible association with diarrhoea in Zaïre.


A new syndrome of brachydactyly of the hands and feet with duplication of the first toes.


Streeter's bands.

Streeter's bands.


Mandibulofacial dysostosis with limb malformations (Nager's acrofcial dysostosis). A 13-year-old boy with malar and mandibular hypoplasia, abnormal ears, short soft palate, retarded growth, mild deformities of the elbow joints, hypoplasia of the right thumb and partial agenesis of the left thumb is described. Similar cases have been reported under the heading of mandibulofacial dysostosis. Separate classification under the heading "Nager's acrofacial dysostosis" serves to emphasize the specific association of a first arch syndrome with limb defects, particularly radial, although nosologic identity of MFD and AFD has not been excluded.


Prenatal bowing of long bones in two sibs.


A case of an eight-toed foot.

A case of an eight-toed foot. A case of an eight-toed foot which was successfully treated at 13 months of age by resection of the middle toes, and transfer of the posterior tibial and anteriotibial tendons has been described. A double sized great toe was present. Since no other associated congenital abnormalities were present, this is classified as an isolated polydactyly.


Otopalatodigital syndrome: radiologic findings in the hand and foot.


Arthrodentoosteodysplasia: a genetic "acroosteolysis" syndrome. From one personal patient and 13 reported in the literature, arthrodentoosteodysplasia (ADOD) is defined as a heritable disorder of connective tissue with the main clinical manifestations of laxity of joints, early loss of teeth, and multiple osteolytic lesions, including acroosteolysis on roentgenographic examination. These lesions probably represent "pseudoosteolysis" with faulty primary bone formation rather than true osteolysis of previously normal bone. ADOD is an example of relational pleiotropism with most clinical manifestations representing secondary effects and deformities. The cranial sutures frequently remain uncalcified and contain multiple wormian bones in unusual places. Secondary deformities may be progressive and affect primarily the skull, spine, fingers and fingernails. Pathologic fractures are clinically the most important manifestation of ADOD. In one family the mother and four of her six children were affected. The other nine case reports describe sporadic instances. ADOD is presumed to be caused by an autosomal dominant gene, the sporadic cases representing new mutations.


Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital (LADD) syndrome.


Popliteal pterygium syndrome in monozygous twins.


Autosomal recessive postaxial polydactyly: report of a family.


A--familial proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD).


B--microcephaly, short stature, radioulnar synostosis and ptosis.


Bilateral absence of the tibias in three sibs.


D--camptodactyly with associated malformations in the proband.


E--camptodactyly in male twins as a manifestation of a generalized disorder of connective tissue.


F--dupuytren's contractures in three successive generations.


G--polysyndactyly in an Egyptian family.


H--congenital clasped thumbs.

H--congenital clasped thumbs.


I--triphalangeal thumbs in three sibs.

I--triphalangeal thumbs in three sibs.


K--apert syndrome.

K--apert syndrome.


J--holt-oram syndrome.

J--holt-oram syndrome.


L--pfeiffer syndrome.

L--pfeiffer syndrome.


Symphalangism and brachydactyly syndrome: report of the WL symphalangism-brachydactyly syndrome: review of literature and classification.


O--short stature with abnormalities of the cranium and limbs.


P--popliteal pterygium syndrome.

P--popliteal pterygium syndrome.


R--short-limbed dwarfism.

R--short-limbed dwarfism.


An unusual limb deformity in an inbred community.


Nievergelt syndrome (mesomelic dwarfism-type Nievergelt).


Type C brachydactyly with limited flexion of distal interphalangeal joints.


Visual analysis with gratings.

Visual analysis with gratings.


Age in angle-closure glaucoma and the normal - a study in profile photography. The horizontal corneal diameters of normal subjects of differing age and of those with angle-closure glaucoma were measured by surface and profile photography in the absence of the influence of axial length. The correlationship found between age and corneal diameter of surface photography for normal subjects was not found in the case of measurement by the technique which was independent of opacification of the peripheral zones of the cornea i.e., profile photography. No relationship was found between age and corneal diameter by either technique for the angle-closure glaucoma subjects.


An analytical approximation for the modulation transfer function of the eye.


Electro-oculographic responses in a case of bilateral idiopathic nystagmus.


A study into the effect of chromatic aberration in the human eye on colour perception.


The chromatic aberration of the eye between wavelengths 200 nm and 2000 nm: some theoretical considerations. Data is presented showing the theoretical refractive index and chromatic aberration of the reduced eye for light of wavelengths 200-2000 nm and for a range of values of ametropia from 5D of hypermetropia to 5D of myopia. Over the visible spectrum the theoretical values of the emmetropic eye are in close agreement with experimental values obtained by Ivanoff.


Routine aniseikonic screening.

Routine aniseikonic screening. Analysis is made from data obtained after screening 1,000 measurable cases attending the eye department of a general hospital consecutively. Some 9 per cent of these patients were found to have a significant degree of aniseikonia. Symptoms of aniseikonia were found to be less common than suggested in the literature; these are limited to 3.6 per cent of the patients surveyed and are absent where the degree of aniseikonia is less than 2 per cent. It is concluded that since the number of patients having a significant degree of aniseikonia is as great as 9 per cent and that the empirical estimation of aniseikonia is unreliable, it is desirable to include eikonometry into the clinical refraction routine.


Myopia control after contact lens wear.

Myopia control after contact lens wear.


Fetal blood sampling.

Fetal blood sampling.


Biochemical and biophysical indices of fetal risk.


The status of perinatal medicine.

The status of perinatal medicine.


Obstetric aspects of perinatology.

Obstetric aspects of perinatology.


Perinatal mortality. Overview and current trends.


Fetal and neonatal pharmacology.

Fetal and neonatal pharmacology.


Perinatology as a subspecialty.

Perinatology as a subspecialty.


Hormonal cytology.

Hormonal cytology.


Peptide hormones in assessing fetal status.


Amnioscopy.

Amnioscopy.


Influences of pregnancy risk factors on fetal and newborn disorders.


Biochemical-enzymatic indices of the fetal environment. An overview.


Prenatal and perinatal factors in etiology and outcome of low birth weight.


Prenatal identification of the fetus at risk.


The effect of rest and intravenous infusion of hypertonic dextrose on subnormal estriol excretion in pregnancy.


Fetal monitoring in high-risk pregnancy.


Heart disease in pregnancy.

Heart disease in pregnancy.


The assessment of fetal development by diagnostic ultrasound.


Aortocranial occlusive vascular disease (stroke).


Catecholamine excretion in acromegalics.


Effect of oxidation on glucose uptake by brain tissue (in-vitro study).


Amphophil adenoma of the human pituitary gland with masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments.


Contributions to the changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary--gonadal function in adrogen sterilized rats.


Bilharziasis in the Awash Valley: II. Molluscan fauna in irrigation farms and agricultural development.


Hepatitis associated antigen (HAA) in leprosy.


A preliminary survey for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and haemoglobin S in Ethiopia.


Is onchocerciasis present in Northwestern Ethiopia? Case report.


The Kellersberger Memorial Lecture: leprosy and leishmaniasis similar clinical-immunological-pathological models.


Interaction between concanavalin A and pemphigus antibodies on human and animal substrata: a preliminary study.


Tryptophan leads to niacin pathway in various skin diseases.


Five year experience of antibiotic and chemotherapy of urticaria.


Neurotrophic ulceration of the face: pathogenic considerations on a case.


Cytopathology of pemphigus.

Cytopathology of pemphigus.


Clinical experiments with a combination of methotrexate and corticosteroid treatment in dermatitis herpetiformis and pemphigus vulgaris.


Skin and diabetes. I. Incidence of diabetes in a sample of healthy subjects.


Skin surface lipids and male pattern alopecia. 1. Gravimetric investigation.


A case of predominantly cutaneous immunocollagenopathy, reticulosis, and leukemia.


Skin and diabetes. III. Incidence of diabetes in a group of patients with skin disorders caused by venous and/or lymphatic diseases of the leg.


Skin and diabetes. II. Incidence of diabetes in a group of patients with herpes zoster.


Papillomatosis cutis carcinoides: a case study.


A need for nutrition education in Egypt, studies on some obesity-producing preparations present in the local market, (Cow-pearl jams).


A seroepidemiological survey of Trypanosoma and Toxoplasma in Rattus norvegicus in England.


Cytology of pleural effusions in cancer breast patients.


On the larval trematodes recovered from Bulinus trucatus in Assiut governorate. Part 1. Furcocercous Cercariae and Xiphidiocercaria.


A serological study on certain Arbovirus antibodies in Egypt.


The classification of the female sexual dysfunctions.


Group treatment of preorgasmic women.

Group treatment of preorgasmic women.


Preorgasmic group treatment.

Preorgasmic group treatment.


Editorial: The female of the species.

Editorial: The female of the species.


Some biology of sexuality.

Some biology of sexuality. 2 theories long held regarding female sexuality have been the Eve-out-of-Adam's Rib theory and Freud's well-known clitoral-vaginal transfer theory. Because all embryos, male and female, start life by developing a combined clitoral-penile  tubercle, it seemed that all fetuses started as male and by the 3rd month the females gave up trying to grow a penis, the clitoris being the remains. Geneticists have discovered that all human embryos start life as females, as do all embryos  of mammals. About the 2nd month the fetal tests elaborate enough androgens to offset the maternal estrogens and maleness develops. The discussion of clitoral vs. vaginal orgasm is meaningless because orgasm is the result of muscular  stretching and fluid produced by the veins filling the fatty tissues.  The process is exactly the same in males and females. From a scientific viewpoint there is only 1 kind of orgasm, the ''myovascular orgasm.'' In primates which have no foreplay, the sexual organs enlarge to the point that the blood vessels  are quite distended. This especially is seen in some of the primates. Man is more like the smaller monkeys and other mammals in that foreplay is required for orgasm.


Nematodirus davtiani alpinus subsp. n., gastrointestinal nematode from steinbock, Capra  ibex, and chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra, of the Parco Nazionale del Grain Paradiso, Italian western Alps.


On the histomorphology of Polystomoides ludhianae n. sp. (Monogenea) recovered from the urinary bladder of Kachuga tectum and Kachuga smithi in north India.


[Maternal malnutrition and reproductive risks].


Methods for the early detection of potentially blinding eye conditions.


Sub-cellular pathology of trachomatous tissue particularly the nuclear lesions.


Trachoma as a cause of visual impairment and blindness.


Morphological substrate of immune reactions in the conjunctiva in paratrachoma and trachoma.


Prevalence and treatment of trachoma in the Libyan (Arab Republic).


Pharmacology in the medical curriculum at ibadan.


Water and electrolyte balance and kidney function in the sicle cell patient.


A preliminary report on survey and characterization of haemoglobins and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in Ghana.


Teaching and research in pharmacology with special reference to West Africa.


Thiamphenicol: use in a developing country part I: studies in bacterial sensitivity.


Studies on an RNA polymerase inhibitor derived from aflatoxin B1.


Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase electrophoresis in Ghanaians with AA and SS haemoglobin.


Preliminary studies on the pharmacology of water soluble extract of Erythropheleum (guineense) sauveoleus) (Guill and Peer; Brenam) Bark.


Pharmacological studies on the giant African snail (Archachatina marginata).


Neuromuscular-blocking principle present in the berries of Synsepalum dulcificum.


The molecular mechanism of human red cell sickling.


Recent advances in neurosurgery. I. Hypothermia.


The spectrum of renal disease in Iran: a post-mortem study.


The effect of phenoxybenzamine on myocardial contractility in dogs.


Tubal hydatidiform mole: report of a case.


Fatal intravascular consumption coagulopathy in typhoid fever.


Spontaneous rupture of middle third of the esophagus.


Anaesthetic and surgical management in pheochromocytoma: report of seven cases.


Endocrine function in multiple sclerosis possible correlation with immunitary phenomena.


Effects of epinephrine on the activity level and on the formation of learning of a maze in "Carassius auratus".


Insect vectors of cowpea mosaic virus in Nigeria.


[Clinical study of the use of carbenicillin indanyl sodium administered by oral route in the therapy of infections of the urological apparatus].


[Experimental studies of amoxycillin-flucloxacillin combination].


Epidermolysis bullosa: treatment with vitamin E, preliminary results.


Ultrasonic flow probes for chronic implants.


Telemetric measurement of the epidural temperature. The correlation between epidural and sublingual temperature.


An attempt to relate the origin and distribution of commissural fibers to the presence of large and medium pyramids in layer III in the cat's visual cortex.


Regional distribution of cathepsins B 1 and D in human brain.


Cortical neurons responding to electrical stimulations of the rat's incisor pulp.


Cortical projects of two types of principal cells of the rat lateral geniculate body.


A direct input from the amygdala to the thalamus and the cerebral cortex.


The movement of lanthanum across diffusion barriers in the choroid plexus of the cat.


Visual receptive fields of single striate corical units projecting to the superior colliculus in the cat.


Properties of types of motor units in the medial gastrochemius muscle of the cat.


Crosscorrelation between the activity of septal units and hippocampal EEG during arousal.


High-affinity uptake system for glutamine in rat dorsal roots but not in nerve-endings.


Influence of head position and proprioceptive cues on short latency postural reflexes evoked by galvanic stimulation of the human labyrinth.


Biochemical studies of transneuronal degeneration: the effects of enucleation on the biochemical maturation of the chick optic tectum.


Effects of anoxia on net uptake and unidirectional transport of glucose into the isolated dog brain.


Human alpha motoneurone discharge, a statistical analysis.


Anatomical evidence for an intrinsic neuron in the red nucleus.


Olfactory input to the thalamus: electrophysiological evidence.


Microelectrode study of projections from the amygdaloid complex to the nucleus accumbens in the cat.


Effects of sulfur-containing amino acids on the electrical activity of an identified giant neuron in subesophageal ganglia of the African giant snail, Achatina fulica Ferussac.


Determination of cadaverine in active and dormant snails (Helix pomatia).


Aspartic acid as a precursor for glutamic acid and glycine.


Nervous outflow from the cat's foot during noxious radiant heat stimulation.


Identification of afferent C units in intact human skin nerves.


Self-stimulation and catecholamines: drug-induced mobilization of the 'reserve'-pool re-establishes responding in catecholamine-depleted rats.


Selective reserpine-resistant accumulation of catecholamines in central dopamine neurones after DOPA administration.


Hydrocortisone-induced increase in the histochemically demonstrable catecholamine content of sympathetic neurons of the newborn rat.


The distribution of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in the brain and retina of the tiger salamander.


An analysis of the compartmentation and proximo-distal convection of the clutamate-glutamine system in the dorsal sensory neuron: comparison with the motoneuron and cerebral cortex.


The sensitivity of the myelin sheath, particularly the Schwann cell-axolemmal junction, to lowered calcium levels in cultured sensory ganglia.


Transsynaptic degeneration 'en cascade' in the cerebellar cortex of staggerer mutant mice.


Dynamic characteristics of Golgi tendon organs.


Comparison effects of electrical stimulation of preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus and dorsal raphe nucleus on 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and behavior.


Voltage clamp analysis of pentylenetetrazol effects on Aplysia neurons.


Phenols: effects on membrane permeability of molluscan neurons.


Heritable aspects of anomalous myelinated fibre tracts in the forebrain of the laboratory mouse. Serial coronal or sagittal sections were stained for myelin and examined in 6 inbred, 4 hybrid, and 2 outbred mouse strains. Absent corpus callosum was seen only in BALB/cJ as reported by Wimer, but a wide range of the size of corpus callosum was also noted. The action of a major gene was not evident in backcross or F2 generations; polygenic and perhaps epistatic inheritance was indicated. In A/J, and to a lesser extent A/HeJ and BALB/cJ, the columns of fornix frequently collided with the anterior commissure and either passed around it to make a normal termination or deflected dorsally to make an abnormal termination in lateral septum. In some BALB/cJ brains the anterior commissure instead was displaced and passed behind or through the columns of fornix. Backcross and F2 data suggested inheritance was polygenic and that genetic variation affected the spatio-temporal coordination of ontogeny of the two tracts. Finally, unusual longitudinal bundles were detected in the septal region of BALB/cJ. Results of crosses were consistent with the hypothesis that a single, incompletely dominant gene was acting, but further study of both the anatomy and heredity of the defect was deemed necessary.


Enzyme activity of human central nervous system myelin. Following ultracentrifugation in sucrose and hypotonic exposure ('osmotic shock'), myelin fractions were prepared from homogenates of human centrum ovale obtained post-mortem. Non-specific esterase (NsE), succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were determined. One isolation procedure utilized aqueous sucrose solutions only. Other preparative technics involved addition of phosphate buffer (pH 6.6 or 8.0) or varying concentrations of calcium or magnesium ions to preparative media. The NsE activity of myelin increased greatly when electrolytes were included in these preparative solutions. Morphologic homogeneity and protein and lipid contents of myelin were similar whatever the isolation procedure.


The effect of injury on two hydrolases in the hypoglossal nucleus, with quantitative data on N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase were studied histochemically in sections of hypoglossal nuclei of normal adult male albino rats, and rats from 1 to 56 days after axotomy of the left hypoglossal nerve, or after injection of botulinum toxin into the left side of the tongue. Both axotomy and botulinum caused a diminution of neurone perikaryal glucosaminidase reaction product on the operated side, but an increase of reaction product elsewhere in the operated nucleus. Whereas the effect of axotomy lasted from 5 to 42 days post-operatively, that of botulinum ceased between 28 and 42 days. Axotomy and botulinum both caused an increase of neuronal acid phosphatase (after a short incubation time) from 2 to 21 days post-operatively in injured nuclei. Glucosaminidase reaction product measured microdensitometrically in isolated cells showed a statistically significant diminution in injured neurones at 18 days after axotomy. There was no change in the amount of reaction product per cell in pericytes, astrocytes, or non-astrocyte glia. Sections scanned quantitatively showed that normal and operated nuclei had a similar amount of reaction product, thus the neuronal diminution must be balanced by the increase elsewhere, either in the elevated numbers of non-astrocyte glia, or in the neuropil.


Effect of sensory stimulation on the uptake and incorporation of radioactive lysine into protein of mouse brain and liver. Alterations in incorporation of tritiated lysine into protein of mouse brain and liver were observed following brief exposure to a variety of sensory stimuli. During a 15-min session, subjects were trained to perform a one-way active avoidance response or else were exposed to one of the stimulus components of the situation, including shocks, buzzers, lights, handling, and the apparatus alone. Twenty min after these behavioral treatments, tritiated lysine was injected subcutaneously, and its incorporation into total protein during a 10-min pulse was measured. Quiet mice, undisturbed until injection of the precursor, constituted the baseline group for biochemical comparisons. Most behavioral treatments increased the total amount of radioactivity in brain and liver. The treatments increased the incorporation of radioactivity into protein of both organs even more, thereby producing elevations of relative radioactivity (RR) of protein, a measure of the amount of radioactivity incorporated into protein relative to that in the acid-soluble pools. The RR increases following most of the behavioral experiences were approximately equal; however, exposure to lights or to the apparatus were less effective than the other treatments in eliciting these metabolic changes. The responses were greatly diminished in mice previously exposed to the treatments. Thus, the effectiveness of a stimulus in producing these metabolic alterations may depend upon its apparent magnitude and its novelty. The total radioactivity increases were larger in brain than in liver, while the RR increases were smaller in brain than in liver. Brain RR increases were of equal magnitude when the precursor was injected 5, 20, or 35 min after behavioral treatment, whereas the liver RR responses declined markedly over this period. Despite these differences, strong positive correlations between brain and liver across the various behavioral treatments existed. The RR changes occurred about equally in the cerebellum-brain stem, basal ganglia, hippocampus-septum, and ventral cortex, while the thalamus-hypothalamus and dorsal cortex showed smaller differences.


Discharges of medullary respiratory neurones during tilting.


Effect of hypothermia on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the rat.


Dynamic single unit simulation of a realistic cerebellar network model. II. Purkinje cell activity within the basic circuit and modified by inhibitory systems. In continuation of earlier computer simulation studies 15 of the feedback inhibition exercised by the Golgi cells of the cerebellum, an attempt is made at modeling the behavior of Purkinje and basket cells under somewhat more complex functional circumstances. The simulation study is based on a realistic network model (with respect to numerical and metrical parameters, and consisting of more than 3 X 10(4) units) of the cat cerebellar cortex, derived from a recent quantitative histological and stereological analysis 9-12. As an input two identical pairs of foci of incoming mossy fiber activity are applied, separated from one another both spatially and temporally. The stimulation results showed that the assumption of a rigidly preaddressed wiring in the parallel fiber--Purkinje cell synaptic system (i.e. that parallel fibers would systematically select for contact Purkinje cells standing in register) would hardly be realistic because such a solution would offer no advantage whatever over a randomly connected synaptic system. The results would favor the contention that dendritic geometry of the Purkinje cells has a crucial significance in the sense of the concepts developed by W. Rall. The stimulation gives some important hints for the ways in which the specific inhibitory interneuron systems (Golgi and basket cells) add refinement to the operations of the network, particularly in securing integration of the influences of parallel fibers thrown into action by mossy input to spatially and temporally separated foci, especially at the level of Purkinje cells positioned in interfocal areas. Reducing the length of the parallel fibers to one-half of what was suggested by the stereological studies causes a serious breakdown of interfocal neighborhood interactions.


Efferent axons in the fish optic nerve and their effect on the retinal ganglion cells. Recordings were taken from small bundles of axons dissected away from the otherwise intact optic nerve of the trigger fish, Hemibalistes chrysopterus. Proximal nerve stumps showed unitary activity of efferent axons which are activated by visual, vestibular, vibratory and tactile stimuli. Distal stumps showed predominantly the discharges of retinal ganglion cells which have a sustained response in either the light or dark and which are inhibited by the opposite condition. These retinal ganglion cells are also excited by vestibular, vibratory and tactile stimuli provided the optic nerve is almost intact. It is inferred that the excitation of the retinal ganglion cells by non-visual stimuli is effected by the centrifugal fibres mentioned above. Ablation of various lobes of the brain shows that the efferent fibres continue to respond after ablation of the frontal lobes and the cerebellum. The response is weakened by the ablation of the ipsilateral optic tectum and abolished when the contralateral tectum is removed.


Spatio-temporal distribution of auditory-evoked far field potentials in rat and cat. Short latency (less than 5 msec) auditory-evoked 'far field' potentials were mapped over the head of anesthetized rats and cats using a monaural 'click' stimulus. Significant activity was found over most of the head and, in the rat, on other parts of the body. Different components of the observed waveforms have different spatial distributions, supporting earlier evidence that they come from different generators. No area was found on the head which could be considered as an electrically neutral reference point for all the waves. There was considerable asymmetry in the spatial distribution of the early waves, with the area near the contralateral ear showing larger magnitudes than the area near the ipsilateral ear. It was found that most of the head of the rat is not in the far field, as previously defined. Significant activity was found on the tongue in the cat, which tended to increase the apparent magnitude of waves I and II at the vertex when the tongue was used as a reference. The area near the ear canal was also found to show significant activity, raising questions as to the use of the ear lobe as a reference point in human studies. We conclude that the placement of the electrodes can markedly influence the waveforms obtained, in some cases enhancing detection of early components.


The time-course of recovery of flexor reflex responses after habituation and sensitization. (1) Habituation of the flexor was studied in unanaesthetized rats.(2) After habituation had been established as a result of the application of 500 uniform stimuli, the time-course of recovery of response was assessed. (3) Recovery was shown to be complete 9 h after the last stimulus had been applied. A linear relationship was shown to exist between the magnitude of the response to the first stimulus applied after the recovery period, and the time allowed for recovery to take place. (4) After partial or complete recovery of response, a second series of 500 stimuli was applied. The rate of habituation to this second series of stimuli was not significantly different to the rate during the initial session, but in those experiments in which the recovery period was 320 min or less, the overall levels of response during the second series were lower than those to the first. (5) Sensitization of the flexor reflex, when tested in spinal rats, was shown to be a relatively transient phenomenon. Responses fell to pre-sensitization levels within 60 sec after stimuli were withheld.


The welfare implications of the extension of life.


Rationale for services: day care, allied care and coordination.


Vacation and holiday guest program.

Vacation and holiday guest program.


Levindale day-care program.

Levindale day-care program.


Kosher meals-on-wheels.

Kosher meals-on-wheels.


The strategy of senescence.

The strategy of senescence.


Day care for the elderly.

Day care for the elderly.


Staff development and morale building in nursing homes.


The institution as the cornerstone for alternatives to institutionalization.


The effect of work experience in a nursing home on the attitudes toward death held by nurse aides.


In-service training in gerontology: toward the design of an effective educational process.


What's new about alternatives.

What's new about alternatives.


Student and trainee attitudes on aging.

Student and trainee attitudes on aging.


Social enforcement of behavior toward elders in an Appalachian mountain settlement.


Project Search: anatomy of a survey under disaster conditions.


Aging research: yesterday and today. Commentary and opinion by a medical student.


Federalism and leadership-planning: predictors of variance in state behavior.


Federal funding and state planning: the case of the state units on aging.


Four score and tan.

Four score and tan.


The brighter side of four score and ten.


Effects of reality orientation classroom on memory loss, confusion, and disorientation in geriatric patients.


Brief psychotherapy in the treatment of emotional disorders in physically ill geriatric patients.


Reinstatement of verbal behavior in elderly mental patients using operant procedures.


Female professional students and sexuality in the aging male.


Evaluation of an open and closed medical staff in a nursing home setting.


The use of information sources by the aged consumer.


The growing importance of legal age in determining the status of the elderly.


Elderly housing: a need determination technique.


A national sabbatical system: implications for the aged.


Editorial: Contract research: federal safeguards necessary.


Editorial: The National Center on Black Aged: a challenge to gerontologists.


Mothers and daughters and the psychogeriatric patient.


The role of a community mental health center in developing services to the aging. The older adult project.


Review of a new community health care evaluation and service center.


Barriers to the delivery of psychiatric services to the elderly.


Age and the journey to work.

Age and the journey to work.


Geriatric speech pathology.

Geriatric speech pathology.


The elderly alcoholic.

The elderly alcoholic.


Predicting quality of patient care in nursing homes.


Human engineering environments for the aged.


Design of living environment for nursing home residents: recruiting attendance at activities.


Consumer participation in aging planning: a case from rural Arizona.


Age group, health, and attitudes.

Age group, health, and attitudes.


Advanced aged adults' reflections of middle age.


Satisfying relationships for the elderly and their patterns of disengagement.


Legal research issues on aging.

Legal research issues on aging.


Editorial: The hospital model: curse or blessing for homes serving the aged.


Letter: Consumerism and research on aging--are we asking the right question?


Intergenerational living: university dormitories.


Romance in the SRO. Relationships of elderly men and women in a slum hotel.


A public hospital-based geriatric "community care system".


Symposium-Delivery of geriatric community care. Issues of leadership and models of delivery. The role of the visiting nurse.


Impact of intra-institutional relocation. Special report from the Philadelphia geriatric center. Background and the planning process.


Impact of intra-institutional relocation. Clinical aspects of facilitating relocation.


Impact of intra-institutional relocation. Measuring the impact of change.


Behavioral adaptation to the change in institutional residence.


An introductory course in gerontology. Development and evaluation.


Education in gerontology: an evolutionary analogy.


Attitudes toward the aged as a function of age and education.


Gerontology in medical education. An elective program in research and training.


An overview of public transportation and the elderly: new directions for social policy.


Implications of the activity factor.

Implications of the activity factor.


A group program for adaptation to a convalescent hospital.


Race and morale of the urban aged.

Race and morale of the urban aged.


Community mental health centers and the nursing home patient.


Loneliness and the elderly as related to housing.


Longevity in Turkey.

Longevity in Turkey.


Will the human life-span reach one hundred?


Caucasus and Altay longevity: a biological or social problem?


Integrated homemaking services for the aged in urban neighborhoods.


Problems in development of a community action program for the elderly.


A survey of hearing loss in a older age hospital population.


An outreach program of medical care for aged high-rise residents.


Work after retirement. An investigation into some psychologically relevant variables.


Predictors of voluntaristic intent among the aged. An area study.


Beer: a social facilitator for PMI patients?


Positive education for elderly persons. Correct eating through reinforcement.


Clothing--common denominator between the young and the old.


Group work with the aging. An issue for social work education.


Group psychotherapy in a proprietary nursing home.


Remotivation as behavior therapy.

Remotivation as behavior therapy.


Editorial: Educating for gerontological leadership roles.


Biomedical gerontology. Current theories of biological aging.


Editorial: Toward greater movement for gerontology in social work education.


Geriatrics as a specialty--problems and prospects.


The emperor's new clothes. A case study of instability on a geriatric service.


Introducing pre-professionals to gerontology.


Instructor age and the older learner.

Instructor age and the older learner.


An ethnographic study of a retirement setting.


Behavior therapy of incontinence in demented inpatients.


Biomedical gerontology. The Hayflick hypothesis.


Why nursing homes do what they do.

Why nursing homes do what they do.


Alterations in life patterns following nursing home relocation.


Making institutions accountable: research and policy issues.


How nursing homes vary.

How nursing homes vary.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Bridging research and application.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Introduction to the symposium.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Training of trainers to train trainers.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Response to bridging the gap: alternative approaches.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Response to training of trainers.


A view of training from within the medical school: attitudes, status, and structure.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Response to a view of training within the medical school.


Gerontology curricula: multidisciplinary frameworks, interdisciplinary structures, and disciplinary depth.


Symposium--the real world and the ivory tower. Dialectics of professional training, education, and delivery of services to elderly persons. Response: A view from curricula for gerontology.


Immunopathology of nasal polypi.

Immunopathology of nasal polypi.


Globus hystericus and reflux oesophagitis.


Aetiological aspects of the globus symptom.


Depomedrone injection of inferior turbinates for vasomotor rhinorrhoea.


Post-laryngectomy vocal rehabilitation. Preliminary report of a one-stage method using expired air and a valved prosthesis.


Scintillation sc scanning using Tc 99m as a means of investigating mucosal lesions of the nose and para-nasal sinuses.


Developmental influences of infant tracheostomy.


Exudative otitis media, grommets and cholesteatoma.


The pharyngeal hypophysis and its surgical significance.


The postero-superior quadrant.

The postero-superior quadrant.


The post-superior quadrant.

The post-superior quadrant.


Bone resorption in chronic otitis media. A histological and ultrastructural study. I. Ossicular necrosis.


Bone resorption in chronic otitis media. A histological and ultrastructural study. II. Cholesteatoma.


Behavior therapy of the sexual variations.


Clinical electro-cochleography: a review of 106 cases.


Group psychotherapy for men who are homosexual.


The psychoanalytic treatment of sexual disorders.


Martial decision making as applied to family planning. Couple decision making concerning family planning is discussed.  The literature and research in the field of couple decision making is reviewed.  In any decision concerning family planning, there are 3 factors to consider: 1) the motivation, personality, and previous experience of each partner; 2) the couple interaction in decision making, which is based on considerations of power and  affection; and 3) the ability of the partners to perceive and communicate their differences to each other.  A decision making model for use by family planning counselors is proposed.


The uses of dreams in conjoint marital therapy.


An application of the first order reaction theory to the balance study of lead in the healthy Japanese population.--An attempt to assume absorption and excretion of lead in the healthy Japanese population, part 3.


New technique of bronchial closure.

New technique of bronchial closure.


Effects of folic acid on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and renin activities of the rat kidney.


Adenine nucleotides and renal function: special reference with intrarenal distribution of blood flow.


Osmotic fragility test of red blood cells of lead workers by coil planet centrifuge.


High prevalence of thyrotoxicosis in an island of Ehime, Japan.


Jejunal leiomyosarcoma presenting as a pulmonary lesion a case report and the review of literature.


Relation of blood pressure, obesity and hyperlipidemias to development of stroke in Japanese populations.


Proceedings: The effect of straining of the venous pressure of the long saphenous vein in different positions.


Proceedings: Acetyl-cholinesterase activity in the subneural apparatuses following denervation and re-innervation of muscles.


Proceedings: Bile and gallstone disease: a clinico-biochemical correlation.


Proceedings: Separation of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites by gel chromatography on sephadex G15.


Proceedings: Metabolism of the mouse placenta.


Proceedings: Prostaglandins: effect on plasma calcium concentration.


Proceedings: Effect of ageing on elastic lameline of rat's aorta: a quantitative study.


Proceedings: Hereditary bleeding disorders in the Sudan with a note on their management.


Proceedings: The investigation of the fate of imferon (iron-dextran) following intra-peritoneal administration to iron-deficient children in Zambia.


Proceedings: Effects of arvin on rabbit coagulation and fibrinolytic systems after blockade of its R.E.S.


Proceedings: Some blood characteristics in the major tribes of the Sudan.


Proceedings: Prostatectomy and deep vein thrombosis in Sudanese patients.


Proceedings: Preliminary report on the pathology of the nephrotic syndrome in Sudanese patients.


Proceedings: Ulcer-carcinoma of the stomach in Ibadan, Nigeria.


The inhibitory action of chloroquine to guinea pig uterine contractions.


Proceedings: Parasympathetic blockade in patients treated with debrisoquine and with propranolol.


Proceedings: Fenfluramine-induced hypertension.


Proceedings: The use of the chick in pharmacological screening tests.


Proceedings: Inhibition responses of the perivascular nerve taenia preparation from the caecum of the guinea-pig.


Proceedings: Antagonism of the trypanocide-berenil and the nematocide, morantel, by tubocurarine.


Proceedings: Sudden change from tropical to temperate climate and electrolyte metabolism.


Proceedings: The problem of hypertension in tropical Africa.


Proceedings: Mortality rate of congenital hypertensive rats in Accra tropical Africa.


The effect of changes in inorganic cations concentration on the taenia of guinea-pig caecum and on the responses induced by drugs.


Proceedings: Frusemide in chronic renal failure.


Proceedings: Drug affecting human erythrocyte ghosts.


Proceedings: A preliminary investigation of the teratogenic action of chloroquine in the rat.


Proceedings: Preliminary report on the aqueous alcoholic extract and fraction of Trema orientalis on hypertensive rats.


Proceedings: Studies on the effect of oral contraceptives.


Proceedings: Boutons terminaux in lumbar spinal cord following crush injury section, immediate and delayed repair of the sciatic nerve in the rat.


Adrenaline-induced leucocytosis in Africans.


Proceedings: The effect of direct trauma on the mast cells of the rat brain.


Proceedings: Ultrastructure of the simple end-bulbs of Krause.


Proceedings: The effect of drugs on human foetal intestine.


Proceedings: The parasympathetic innervation of the vertebrate heart.


Proceedings: Hypo-thermic effect of cocaine in rats.


Proceedings: Non-antimalarial pharmacological properties of chloroquine.


Proceedings: A study of the in vitro dissolution behaviour of different brands of sulphathiazole tablets and tetracycline hydrochloride capsules.


Proceedings: Factors affecting the determinations of certain urinary enzyme activities.


Proceedings: The direct action of aminophylline on the heart.


Proceedings: Hyper uricaemia in Sudanese.


Proceedings: Pharmacology of Bitis arietans venom.


Proceedings: Lipids in scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus H and E) venom.


Proceedings: Is ricin nephrotoxic?

Proceedings: Is ricin nephrotoxic?


Proceedings: Some aspects of morphine tolerance.


Proceedings: Assessment of physical performance and lung function in Schistosoma mansoni infection.


Proceedings: The endocrine changes in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.


Proceedings: Comparison of three methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni in the stools: the Bell, Kato and digestion concentration methods.


Proceedings: Metabolic activities and chemotherapy in Schistosomiasis mansoni.


Proceedings: Some aspects of the surgical pathology of schistosomiasis in the Sudan.


Proceedings: Anatomical study of the vascularization of the rectus abdominis muscles; surgical cases.


The studies of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes.


Studies on a suppressive effect of pregnant plasma on lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro.


Clinical study on immunologic test for pregnancy with direct agglutination method. 2678 urines from pregnant and nonpregnant women were tested using a direct latex agglutination method of detecting the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).  In the direct latex agglutination reaction the anti-HCG serum is adsorbed on the polystyrene latex particles to produce direct agglutination of the latex particles in the presence of HCG in the test specimen.  The test takes only a few minutes.  In this series there was an accuracy of 97.7% in pregnant women and 99.5% in nonpregnant women.  The overall accuracy rate was 98.5%.  Semiquantitative studies of urinary HCG excretion were performed to anticipate prognosis of threatened abortion.  Agglutination of a 1:8 urine dilution was tested in parallel with undiluted urine.  Pregnancy was successfully continued at positive results at both dilutions in 89.5%.  Abortion occurred in 85.7% when there was a positive reaction for undiluted urine but a negative reaction for the dilution.  The time required to form the agglutination was also recorded for 885 pregnancies.  In 83.6% the time required was 1 minute.  The time required was between 1-3 minutes for 14.9% and greater than 3 monutes in 1.5%.  All the pregnancies reacting in 1 minute progressed normally.  Of those requiring 2 or 3 minutes, 8.3% had toxemia of pregnancy and 22.7% aborted spontaneously later.


The significance of a newly developed aspirator of tumor contents.


Serum 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in pregnancy.


Mercury in dry umbilical cord: long-term observation on methylmercury content of dry umbilical cord.


Treatment of malignant ovarian tumors with radioactive colloidal gold.


Mercury in raw umbilical cord: comparative study of mercury content in maternal blood, placenta, umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood;.


[Vestibular neuronitis].

[Vestibular neuronitis].


Normal values for selected physical parameters: an aid to syndrome delineation.


Patient simulators and medical models.

Patient simulators and medical models.


Health care-next stop on the road from Sesame Street.


The medical artist in pharmaceutical advertising.


Riding the African winds of change.

Riding the African winds of change.


Letter: Television and health education.


Stratum corneum in psoriasis vulgaris. A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study.


Electron microscopic observations of the so-called granuloma glutaeale infantum.


The mineralizing organic matrix of the benign calcified epithelioma of Malherbe.


Microscopic features of pustule formation in experimental impetigo of guinea pig.


Cutaneous abnormalities and their relationship to the underlying tissues.


Ultraviolet-induced individual cell keratinization.


Cutaneous protothecosis. Report of a case from Iran.


Marchesani syndrome.

Marchesani syndrome.


Localized cutaneous amyloidosis in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis.


Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.


On the pathogenesis of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.


Effect of topical 5-fluorouracil treatment on actinic keratosis: a light and electron microscopic study.


Pigmented epidermal cyst.

Pigmented epidermal cyst.


Prostaglandins in normal and pathological skin.


Social change in the West Germany university and new methods of student care.


Mental health: rural-urban comparisons.

Mental health: rural-urban comparisons.


Possible negative effects of mental health intervention.


Unrest and the personal concerns of college students.


Violence in the South Pacific.

Violence in the South Pacific.


Coping with aggression.

Coping with aggression.


Characteristics of the offspring of Holocaust survivors in Israel.


Guilt.

Guilt.


The 'Arab National Character' and the Middle East conflict.


The personality of violence conversations with protagonists.


Disturbed communications--a contributing factor in sudden murder.


The psychotic pre-homicidal in society.

The psychotic pre-homicidal in society.


Evaluation of training for nonviolent direct action.


Chloramphenicol-thiamphenicol: action on Friend-virus-transformed erythroblasts stimulated to differentiate in vitro.


The effect of thiamphenicol on normal and activated erythropoiesis in the rabbit.


Blood dyscrasias attributed to chloramphenicol: a review of 641 published and unpublished cases.


Drug-induced aplastic anaemia in Sweden with special reference to chloramphenicol.


Chloramphenicol symposium. Introduction.


Aplastic anaemia following chloramphenicol therapy in Hamburg and surrounding districts.


Follow-up studies in chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anaemia.


Co-operative study of patients treated with thiamphenicol. Comparative study of patients treated with chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol.


Comparison of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol metabolism.


The inhibition and stimulation of chloramphenicol conjugation by drugs.


The dosage regimen of thiamphenicol in patients with kidney disease.


Identification of thiamphenicol excretion products in rat urine using gas-chromatography--mass-spectrometry.


Pharmacokinetic aspects of thiamphenicol in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, with or without haemodialysis.


Changes in blood thiamphenicol levels in renal failure.


Thiamphenicol elimination in renal insufficiency.


Serum levels and elimination of thiamphenicol in patients with impaired liver function and with renal failure on dialysis.


Plasma levels and urinary excretion of thiamphenicol in premature and full-term newborn infants.


Comparative aspects of the action of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol on bacterial ribosomes.


Comparative metabolic effects of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol in mammalian cells.


Effect of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol on mitochondrial components and the possible relationship to drug toxicity.


Covalent binding of drugs to tissue macromolecules as a biochemical mechanism of drug toxicities with special emphasis on chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol.


Haem and globin synthesis: a model for studying mitochondrial toxins.


Resistance of Gram-positive bacteria to chloramphenicol/thiamphenicol: occurrence and genetic basis.


Comparative effects of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol on haemopoiesis and lymphocyte transformation in vitro in man.


Chloramphenicol-thiamphenicol induced lymphocyte blastogenesis depression.


Intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis using rifampicin and isoniazed for primary treatment: the influence of various factors on the frequency of side-effects.


Poncet's disease--fact or fiction? A re-appraisal of tuberculous rheumatism.


Progressive lung disease in patients with tuberculosis and ankylosing spondylitis.


Tuberculosis of the intercostal lymph nodes--an unusual presentation.


Mass radiographic survey of the adult population of the Temburong District of Brunei State.


Bone scanning with technetium 99mTc polyphosphate in tuberculous osteomyelitis.


Unusual radiographic abnormalities observed during treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion.


Hyperlipidaemia as a complication of rifampicin treatment.


Sarcoidosis, tuberculous meningitis and visual disturbance.


Effect of acidosis and noradrenaline infusion on 14C-noradrenaline uptake by the rat myocardium.


Oxotremorine hyperglycaemia in the rat.

Oxotremorine hyperglycaemia in the rat.


Effect of oxotremorine on behaviour and EEG of reserpine-pretreated rats.


Effect of chloroquine phosphate on the isolated non-pregnant and pregnant uterus of different species.


Bidirectional modification of hypothalamic self-stimulation by noradrenaline in the cat.


The influence of body mass on thermoregulatory responses of newly born and adult guinea pigs to changes in ambient temperature, to hypoxia, and to hypercapnia.


Plasma renin-like activity in the splanchnic area of the rat.


Thermoregulatory heat production and the regulation of body temperature in the new-born and the adult guinea pig.


Functional interrelationship between cervical superior ganglia, pineal gland and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system in rats.


Concentration and in vitro release of placental human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) in the case of foetuses of normal weight and with intrauterine weight retardation.


Effect of gonadotrophins on electrical activity of the brain in rats.


Pulsatile cerebral impedance: a method for monitoring changes in cerebral circulation.


Blood flow and release of free fatty acids in the omentum, mesentery and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the dog in haemorrhagic shock.


Effect of hypercalcaemia on tubular calcium and phosphate transport.


Effect of hypercalcaemia on renal function.


Influence of light stimulus intensity on the electroretinogram of some mutants of Musca domestica L. with various eye contents of screening pigments.


Neurons with simple organization of the receptive field in the cat visual area 18.


Renal tubular acidosis.

Renal tubular acidosis. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is recognized to occur in several forms. Primary proximal RTA presents in infancy, almost exclusively in males, and is the only form of primary RTA that is transient. Distal RTA is encountered in familial and sporadic forms, the latter predominantly in females. A severe form of distal RTA in infancy, recently recognized, may represent still another type of the disease.


The syndrome of juxtaglomerular hyperplasia with aldosteronism, hypokalemic alkalosis and normal blood pressure. In the syndrome of hypokalemic alkalosis, aldosteronism, elevated plasma renin and normal blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular apparatus shows hypertrophy and hyperplasia of all elements. Renal handling of sodium is abnormal: despite excessive delivery of proximal fluid to distal sites so that potassium secretion is excessive, free water formation is subnormal. The syndrome is frequently familial, but no inherited case is known. In erythrocytes low sodium efflux coefficient and high sodium concentration may serve as "markers" for the syndrome. In two cases, products of consanguineous relations, autosomal recessive inheritance is suggested.


The pathology of the kidney in the Alport syndrome. The histologic picture in the kidney in Alport syndrome varies (later lesions resemble glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, or interstitial nephritis), and the site of the initial renal lesion is uncertain. We have observed marked characteristic ultrastructural changes in the basement membranes of glomerular capillaries, even when few abnormalities were seen in the kidney by light microscopy. Their cause is unknown. There was no significant evidence that immune complexes, fibrin, or viruses were factors in their pathogenesis.


Cystinosis.

Cystinosis. This paper about cystinosis is focused primarily on nosology and genetic heterogeneity, the recurrent themes of these conferences. It briefly discusses cystinosis in relation to other disorders which cause the renal Fanconi syndrome with or without glomerular insufficiency, points out the methods for its reliable diagnosis, and then summarizes evidence suggesting that cystinosis should be classified as one of the lysosomal storage diseases. More extensive reviews of cystinosis are available.


Incidence of abnormalities of the kidney and ureter in congenital scoliosis. The frequent occurrence of urinary tract anomalies which have been observed in patients with congenital scoliosis at the Alfred I. duPont Institute led us to evaluate this group to determine its incidence. We found that 13% of the patients with congenital scoliosis had renal abnormalities of varying types-lesions which may predispose to urinary tract pathology--but only one had any symptoms suggesting urinary tract disease.


Exstrophy of the bladder and associated anomalies. Bladder exstrophy is a rare malformation of the urogenital tract. Its incidence is about one per 25,000-40,000 births, with a two to one ratio of males over females. No hereditary factors have been established, and it has been stated in the literature repeatedly that this defect does not occur with an increased frequency in the same family. However, Higgins reports bladder exstrophy in twins on two occasions, and twice in brothers and sisters.


The Fifth Conference on the Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects. Part XVI. Urinary system and others. Section I - urinary system: case reports.


Polycystic disease presenting in childhood. Both the adult and the childhood type of polycystic disease of liver and kidney may present in childhood, but they may be clearly distinguished histologically. The childhood type appears to involve a similar disorder of kidney and liver and is always recessive. It may be subdivided into four subtypes of increasing severity-perinatal, neonatal, infantile and juvenile-which breed true within families. The first causes death in the neonatal period, while the last may permit survival into adult life.


Congenital hepatic fibrosis and polycystic disease of kidneys with the roentgen appearance of medullary sponge kidney. A family is presented in which four and possibly five members of a sibship of seven are affected with polycystic kidney with congenital hepatic fibrosis. The excretory urogram in this disease may be indistinguishable from that of medullary sponge kidneys. Therefore, it is suggested that family studies be undertaken when a diagnosis of medullary sponge kidney is made.


Hypoplastic left heart. Evidence for possible autosomal recessive inheritance. Six families with a total of 15 individuals with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in nine separate sibships are presented. In all patients the disorder was inexorably progressive and ultimately fatal with death occurring, with one exception, within the first two weeks of life. The distribution of the patients in the patients in the reported families is suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance. Consanguinity could be demonstrated in five of the nine reported sibships. The results of a survey of newborns, using truncate ascertainment of families through affected infants, were compatible with the above hypothesis.


Hypoplastic left heart. Evidence for possible autosomal recessive inheritance. Comment.


The syndrome of familial dwarfism and high plasma immunoreactive human growth hormone. In 1966 we described a syndrome of familial dwarfism which was indistinguishable both clinically and in many of the laboratory findings from pituitary dwarfism, but in which there were abnormally high plasma concentrations of immunoreactive human growth hormone (IR-HGH). The possibility was raised that in these cases the circulating growth hormone is biologically inactive. Additional patients were described two years later, and in recent years we have reported additional clinical and laboratory findings in these and newly-discovered patients, all of whom were of Jewish origin. Subsequently, this syndrome was detected in non-Jewish populations.


Growth hormone deficiency with hypoglycemia, genital hypoplasia and frontal prominence. A boy with neonatal hypoglycemia, genital hypoplasia and frontal prominence ahd recurrence of hypoglycemic seizures at age 17 months. There was no plasma growth hormone (GH) response to sleep, arginine, hypoglycemia or glucagon. Mild secondary hypothroidism and primary hypogonadism were demonstrated. Small dose testosterone therapy for three months resulted in normal penile size; weekly injections of GH accelerated linear growth to a normal pace. Whether this complex represents a true syndrome or part of the spectrum of panhypopituitarism remains to be answered.


Familial male hermaphroditism.

Familial male hermaphroditism. One of the main objectives of a study of intersex conditions in infancy and childhood was an early decision on the sex of rearing. The present study emphasizes the importance of combined clinical, genetic and pathologic studies for proper management. The described families are the first reported Egyptian cases with familial male hermaphroditism.


The phenotype of human triploidy.

The phenotype of human triploidy. Triploid infants are born prematurely and usually live less than one day. The triploidy syndrome is characterized by general dysmaturity and the following features: muscular hypotonia; large placenta with frequent hydatidiform changes; large posterior fontanel; low-set dysmorphic auricles; hypertelorism; microphthalmia and colobomata; cutaneous syndactyly of fingers three and four; simian crease; maldeveloped external genitalia; hypospadias; cryptorchidism and Leydigian cell hyperplasia of the testes in XXY males and hypoplastic adrenals.


Trisomy E--apparently not 18.

Trisomy E--apparently not 18.


Anterior diaphragmatic hernia: familial presentation.


Hereditary multiple intestinal atresia.

Hereditary multiple intestinal atresia. FIVE CASES OF INTESTINAL ATRESIA IN THREE FAMILIES WHO HAD COMMon ancestors are reported. Consanguinity was present in two of the sibships. The lesions were located at multiple sites of the gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the anal margin. Intraluminal calcifications were also observed in the intestine. The authors suggest that this well-delineated congenital defect has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.


Congenital X-linked cataract, dental anomalies and brachymetacarpalia. An investigation of a family with congenital X-linked cataracts, microcorneas, supernumerary incisors, anteverted pinnae and shortened metacarpals is presented. The carriers had posterior sutural opacities and cone-shaped teeth. There have been four previously reported families with X-linked cataracts, one of which also presented microcorneas. Four other families have been reported with X-linked cataracts, microphthalmia and somatic and mental anomalies. Linkage studies could be used to demonstrate whether these diseases result from allelic or nonallelic genes but were uniformative in the present family.


Genetic heterogeneity of the syndrome: microphthalmia with congenital cararact.


The Fifth Conference on the Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects. Part XVI. Urinary system and others. Section II - Others: case reports.


Familial juvenile nephronophthisis. Experience with eleven cases. Familial juvenile nephronophthisis (FJN) has an incidence in British Columbia of 1 per 50000 live births which gives a heterozygote frequency of 1 per 115. The authors report six families with a total of 11 cases. Multiple affected sibs are described in three families and in no instance was the condition present in more than one generation. The inheritance pattern is consistant with an autosomal recessive trait. The characteristic features are polyuria and azotemia though the presenting features may be either anemia or growth retardation with polyuria being elicited in the functional inquiry. There is a very hypotonic urine and absence of urinary sediment. Decreasing renal function at a variable rate is the fate of these patients, three of whom have had cadaver transplants.


The renal lesion in syndromes of multiple congenital malformations. Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome; Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy; tuberous sclerosis; Meckel syndrome. Renal malformations in cerebrohepatorenal and the Jeune syndromes are variable, encompassing both focal cystic change and severe cystic dysplasia. Morphologic differences might reflect either genetic heterogeneity or injury to the kidney by an underlying metabolic defect at differing times in renal development. The renal lesion in the Meckel syndrome is cystic dysplasia with markedly defective nephronic differentiation. A histologically distinctive cystic tubular lesion is identified in tuberous sclerosis. These lesions must be differentiated from infantile and adult polycystic disease.


A renal lesion in asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia. A boy with asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia was studied from age seven months until his death with congestive heart failure at age thirteen months. Aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, increased urate excretion, hyposthenuria, proteinuria, and metabolic acidosis were demonstrated at one year of age. Cardiopulmonary dysfunction and skeletal abnormalities were also studied during life. Cessation of linear growth, overgrowth of membranous bone with retardation of enchondral bone formation, and cartilaginous overgrowth of the chest were prominent findings. At autopsy, an unexpected hepatic fibrosis was discovered, along with renal and skeletal disorganization.


The renal disease of thoracic asphyxiant dystrophy. In those children with thoracic asphyxiant dystrophy, a genetically determined disorder, who survive infancy, the development of renal disease may be life-threatening. This report will present data obtained in six patients from three families which deals with the renal abnormalities in thoracic asphyxiant dystrophy. Both functional and anatomic abnormalities are described. Abnormalities in solute transport in the proximal tubule may be the earliest sign of renal dysfunction in this syndrome. Early glomerular changes may be more important than previously recognized. Finally, the various phenotypic expressions of this disorder are considered.


The nail-patella syndrome-pathogenesis of the kidney lesion. The nail-patella syndrome is an inheritable disorder of connective tissue in which multiple osseous abnormalities are frequently associated with renal dysfunction and proteinuria. This paper describes a unique abnormality of glomerular basement membranes (GBM) in eight patients. The abnormality consists of fibrils and bundles of cross-striated collagen within the GBM of each patient, including children with minimal proteinuria. This ultrastructural lesion may provide increased understanding of the pathogenesis of the basic defect underlying both the osseous and renal lesion.


The kidney in hemoglobinopathies.

The kidney in hemoglobinopathies. The kidney is one of the major target organs of pathologic involvement in sickle-cell anemia. Microthrombi, according to their extent and location, produce functional and structural defects in the kidney. Isosthenuria, papillary necrosis, atypical renal vein thromboses are the expressions of the vascular obliteration in sickle cell renal disease.


Amyloid nephropathy of Ostertag: report of a kindred. This report describes a kindred with an unusual form of nonneuropathic familial amyloidosis. The disorder is similar to that described by Ostertag in 1950.


Familial paroxysmal polyserositis (familial Mediterranean fever); incidence of amyloidosis and mode of inheritance. Findings in 120 cases of familial paroxysmal polyserositis from Lebanon are reported. There was a predominance of male and Armenian patients. Symptoms started before age 20 in 82%. Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 9 patients only. Rectal biopsy in 21 consecutive cases with long-standing illness was negative for amyloid. Amyloidosis without polyserositis was not encountered. Proportion of affected sibs (130) was lower than expected (160) for an autosomal recessive gene. Poor penetrance, especially in females could account for this discrepancy.


Congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type and other types of early familial nephrotic syndromes. Many types of nephrotic syndromes occur also in newborns and young infants. Among these, the congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type has proved to be a distinct entity transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. Landmarks for its delineation and separation from other, less well-known types are given.


The kidney in tuberous sclerosis.

The kidney in tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is essentially a hereditary disease dominated by hamartomas in various organs. Symptoms of the disease are referable to expanding growth of these hamartomas, especially in the kidney where these benign lesions most often present with pyuria, hematuria or pain from bleeding. They are apt to be erroneously diagnosed as malignant both clinically and microscopically. Renal symptomatology is most often to be found in the adult patient.


Inheritance of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The inheritance of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood was studied in 51 families. The estimate of recurrence risk for sibs of affected patients was .06 as compared to the incidence in the state of Indiana of 6.9 X 10(-5). A polygenic inheritance was most consistent with the data although several genetic models were considered. There were no significant histologic or clinical differences between patients with affected sibs and simplex patients.


Electron microscopic studies in hereditary nephritis. A characteristic electron microscopic lesion-longitudinal splitting of the glomerular basement membranes with accumulation of dark particles-was found in some cases of hereditary nephritis, especially in Alport syndrome. A somewhat similar but less specific alteration was present in the tubular basement membranes and in the Bowman capsule. The lesions tended to exhibit a familial segregation. The possible pathogenesis of the lesions and their relation to physiologic abnormalities are briefly discussed.


The genetics of the Alport syndrome.

The genetics of the Alport syndrome. Analysis of the age at death of males with the Alport syndrome points out two distinct populations: one in which males die between ages 16 and 28 years, and the other in which males die between ages 33.5 and 52.2 years. Evidence suggests that these result from different genes of large effect. The segregation ratios of children of parents with Alport syndrome of either variety are generally consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission, but the anomalous segregation from affected fathers remains to be explained.


Application and evaluation of portable field instruments for measuring forced expiratory volume of children and adults in environmental health surveys. In support of Health Effects Research Studies, pulmonary function tests are periodically administered to a large number of children. The ventilatory performance of these children is being evaluated by measuring the 0.75-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV(0.75)) with a waterless mechanical volume spirometer used in conjunction with an electronic timing unit. During a 1-yr testing period, operation with the volume spirometer and the EPA designed electronic timing unit proved to be highly successful. The volume spirometer was found to be more advantageous in conducting tests at remote field stations than the water spirometer and other electronic instruments which measure flow rate with a transducer element. The volume spirometer is lightweight, easy to operate, and has the capability of easy and accurate field calibration when used in conjunction with the electronic timing unit. Presently the volume spirometer and EPA designed electronic timing package are employed in all Community Health and Surveillance System (CHESS) pulmonary function testing studies.


Osmium: an appraisal of environmental exposure. In the U.S., the chief source of new osmium is copper refining, where this metal is produced as a byproduct. Probably less than 10% of the osmium in the original copper ore is recovered, and 1000-3000 oz troy of osmium is lost each year to the environment as the toxic, volatile tetroxide from copper smelters. In 1971, about 2000 oz troy of osmium was domestically refined, most of which was from secondary sources. An additional 4169 oz troy of osmium was toll-refined. Major uses for osmium tetroxide identified are for catalysis, especially in steroid synthesis, and for tissue staining. Minor uses of osmium metal are for electrical contacts and for imparting hardness to alloys for mechanical pivots, etc. Unreclaimed osmium tetroxide that reaches wastewater streams is probably rapidly reduced by organic matter to nontoxic osmium dioxide or osmium metal, which would settle out in the sediment of the water course. Waste osmium metal, itself innocuous and chemically resistant, would be oxidized to the toxic tetroxide if incinerated. Because of the small amounts used and their wide dispersal, the amounts of osmium tetroxide in wastewater and air should pose no hazard to man or the environment. The chief acute toxic effects of osmium tetroxide are well known and include eye and respiratory-tract damage. Few data are available that provide information on possible effects of nonacute exposure resulting from environmental contamination by osmium. However, workers continually exposed to osmium tetroxide vapors (refiners and histologists) and rheumatoid arthritis patients who have received intra-articular injections of osmic acid solutions have shown no apparent damage from exposure to low levels of osmium.


Biochemical parameters of guinea pig perilymph sampled according to scala and following sound presentation. Guinea pigs were exposed to sound varying from 2 to 8 kHz in frequency and 80-100 dB (SPL) in intensity for periods of 1 hr. The biochemical parameters, glucose, sodium, total protein, and the glycolytic enzymes, aldolase, phosphohexose isomerase, and total LDH as well as isozymes of the latter were ascertained for blood serum, perilymph, and, in some instances, cerebrospinal fluid. The three enzymes occurred at lower levels in perilymph as compared to blood serum. Except for a small difference in serum total protein, sound presentation incurred no significant effect on any of the above parameters. Definite differences in several metabolites were discerned for perilymph sampled according to scala and which were independent of the respective acoustical treatments. Thus, as compared to the scale tympani, the scala vestibuli perilymph displayed a higher glucose content and a diminished total LDH level and of the latter isozymes, LDH(1) ranged lower and LDH(2), higher. As further evidence pointing to cerebrospinal fluid as the possible origin of perilymph, similarities in glucose contents and LDH isozyme patterns were noted for both fluids.


Geology, asbestos, and health.

Geology, asbestos, and health. A brief discussion of three types of geologic occurences of asbestos-like minerals is given. The problem of mining ore free of asbestos is considered.


Identification and quantitation of microparticles in solid materials. Variation in the precise conditions of geological formation may produce variations in the exact composition of asbestos minerals of a particular class, and thus in their biological interactions. Examples are given of differences in O(18)/O(16) ratios, TiO(2) content, lattice substitutions, substitution of Al (III) for Si (IV) and attachments to spare hydrostatic charges.


Asbestos in talc.

Asbestos in talc. Talc deposits include asbestos minerals such as chrysotile and amphiboles that may be carried over into consumer products. Optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses may not reveal their presence. Examples are given of electron microscopy procedures that permit detection and measurement.


Review of the health effects of sulfur oxides. The pollution in the air is a complex mixture of chemical substances of varying toxicity of which the sulfur oxides are a principal component. Those components which pose the primary hazards to human health have not yet been fully identified, nor have their respective contributions to human disease been fully determined. Efficient and effective control strategies are dependent upon the identification and understanding of these toxic components. Ultimately, the goal of standard-setting should be the development of composite pollution indices rather than control of individual pollutants. Concentrations of SO(2) in the ambient air twice the current standards are associated with adverse health effects. A considerable body of evidence suggests that there may be discernible human health effects from exposure to concentrations approximating the current standards. There is therefore no basis for relaxation of the present standards for sulfur oxides at this time. Since the scientific basis for this judgment is incomplete, further scientific information will be required either to validate the present standards or to justify alteration of these standards.


Approaches and constraints to identification and quantitation of asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers, members of complex crystal-chemical systems, possess some range in characteristic properties. Identification of fibers requires morphological, structural, and chemical data. Most current work centers on identification of single, sublight-microscopic fibers present as contaminants in a range of media. Constraints encountered in the analysis of such materials are: sample preparation of the differing media; level of fiber exposure (contamination); presence (kind and amount) of other particles; tissue types and their different preparation techniques; homogeneity of samples and their preparations; use of proper instrumental technique; time required for analysis, and quantitation.


Structural information in diffuse diffraction patterns. The radiation diffraction pattern for amorphous materials requires special analysis for information on atomic groupings. Powdered crystalline material may also give diffuse patterns requiring this type of analysis. Absence of a sharp diffraction pattern does not necessarily indicate absence of the material. Examples are given for chrysotile and powdered chrysotile.


Asbestos bodies and fibers in lung tissues. It is suggested that the ratio of asbestos bodies observable by light microscopy to asbestos fibers counted by electron microscopy be examined in a series of cases of asbestosis of varying severity. If the ratio is reasonably constant an estimate of fiber content could be made from the more easily conducted count of asbestos bodies by light microscopy.


Investigation and analysis of asbestos fibers and accompanying minerals in biological materials. A method is described for isolating asbestos fibers contained in biological tissues. It consists in incinerating the biological material in activated oxygen at 150 degrees C, and attacking the ash by 1N HC1 for 18 hr. The residue is then filtered on a membrane covered with a carbon film. Electron microscope examination of the deposit makes it possible to determine fiber concentrations when the weight or volume of primary material is known, and to make size analyses. By x-ray diffraction, the mineralogical nature of the asbestos is determined by comparison with an aluminum reference diagram. For x-ray diffraction, a micromethod is used, with an ash sample of about 10 mug. These techniques are used for identifying and counting asbestos fibers in small fragments of lungs or other organs. It was found that asbestos fibers generally go along with other minerals which may be abundant. Most fibers found in lung are less than 5 mum long. Counts on lungs of asbestos workers give concentrations often greater than 10(7) particles per gram of dry tissue. The evolution of inhaled chrysotile seems to be different from that of amphiboles. In the case of pleural mesothelioma, a comparison of fibers within the tumor with fibers in the adjacent parenchyma shows only slight differences in the particle sizes, but marked differences in their nature, with a chrysotile enrichment in the pleural zone. Pleural plaques were analyzed in the same way. After decalcification, many small sized asbestos fibers were found. The same technique is now being used for determining ingested particles. A great number of observations concerning fiber counts, their nature and sizes, and the presence of various clays minerals will be necessary to establish the role of the different factors in the formation of lesions caused by the inhalation or the ingestion of asbestos fibers.


Chrysotile in water.

Chrysotile in water. The problems of quantitating chrysotile in water by fiber count techniques are reviewed briefly and the use of mass quantitation is suggested as a preferable measure. Chrysotile fiber has been found in almost every sample of natural water examined, but generally transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) is required because of the small diameters involved. The extreme extrapolation required in mathematically converting a few fibers or fiber fragments under the TEM to the fiber content of a liquid sample casts considerable doubt on the validity of numbers used to compare chrysotile contents of different liquids.