Competitive binding of somatomedin to the insulin receptors of adipocytes, chondrocytes, and liver membranes. The action of growth hormone on skeletal tissue is mediated through somatomedin, a low molecular weight peptide found in serum. This peptide, formerly known as "sulfation factor" or "thymidine factor," produces marked insulin-like effects in various target tissues. Since at least some of the metabolic effects of insulin on target cells are initiated by a highly specific interaction with receptors on cell membranes, this study was undertaken to determine whether somatomedin might interact with the same binding sites. It was found that somatomedin, at physiological concentrations, competes with (125)I-labeled insulin for receptor sites on isolated fat cells, liver membranes, and isolated chondrocytes, and that the relative binding affinities of insulin and somatomedin reflect the in vitro biological potencies of the two hormones in these tissues. This is the first demonstration of a peptide other than insulin, proinsulin, or derivatives of insulin competing for insulin-binding sites, and implies a structural, as well as a functional, homology between somatomedin and insulin. Somatomedin may be only one of a larger group of homologous pleiotypic peptides with different target organ specificities.


Synthesis of a brain-specific protein (S100 protein) in a homologous cell-free system programmed with cerebral polysomal messenger RNA. Polyribosomes, carrying nascent polypeptide chains, were prepared from whole brain, cortex, and hindbrain-medullary white matter of young adult rats. In a homologous cell-free system, a brain-specific protein (S100 protein) was identified in the mixture of polypeptides released from the polyribosomes during incubation for 1 hr at 37 degrees . De novo synthesis of the S100 protein was achieved in a reconstituted cerebral cell-free system containing polysome-derived mRNA and 40S + 60S subunits. The radioactively labeled S100 protein synthesized in vitro was identified by precipitation with antibody to S100 after addition of purified S100 as a carrier, and migration of the solubilized precipitate on acrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In vitro synthesis of the S100 protein did not occur in analogous cell-free systems derived from hepatic tissue or in a heterologous system containing liver polyribosomes and cerebral enzymes.


A rational concept of crown preparation.


Replacing porcelain veneers in the mouth.


Interpretation of radiographs.

Interpretation of radiographs.


A new holder for thin articulation paper.


Simplification of radiographic technique in dental practice.


Composite photography.

Composite photography.


Running times of aspirating equipment.

Running times of aspirating equipment.


India--the cradle of dentistry?

India--the cradle of dentistry?


Marking instruments in the dental office.


Hashish. (Biochemical and psychic effects of intoxicating drugs).


Histological picture of sclerosing ostitis.


Histochemical phosphorylase activity in regenerating muscle fibers from myophosphorylase-deficient patients. Fresh frozen sections of mature skeletal muscle fibers from patients with genetically determined "absence" of skeletal muscle phosphorylase (McArdle's disease) have no histochemical phosphorylase activity. That regenerating muscle fibers, in vitro and in vivo, from such patients do have histochemical phosphorylase activity present suggests a loss of enzyme activity with fiber maturity.


The relationship of gingival bradykinin activity to chronic gingivitis and periodontitis.


Palatal exostoses of the posterior maxillary alveolar process.


The fluoride, citrate, carbonate, and ash content of enamel, coronal dentin, coronal and root cementum of the bovine exposed to high levels of fluoride in the diet for over 7 years.


Gingival cyst lined with respiratory epithelium: report of a case.


Alveolar plate defects in children's skulls.


Saint Elizabeths Hospital.

Saint Elizabeths Hospital.


Mental health training and research programs at Saint Elizabeths Hospital.


The view box.

The view box.


Organizing to improve services: the structuring of public mental health services.


Are lower class children (black and white) inherently inferior in intelligence?


Thinking about schizophrenia.

Thinking about schizophrenia.


Mourning precipitates porphyria.

Mourning precipitates porphyria.


Group psychotherapy with manic-depressives.


You don't have to be crazy, but it helps.


A pastoral ministry in a mental hospital.


Prostaglandin F 2   identified as a luteolytic hormone in sheep.


RNA synthesis in chicken erythrocytes.

RNA synthesis in chicken erythrocytes.


Utilization of messenger in adenovirus-2-infected cells at normal and elevated temperatures.


Alternate positions for the sulphydryl group in  -lactoglobulin: the significance for sulphydryl location in other proteins.


Polymorphism in human casein.

Polymorphism in human casein.


Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in circulation of man.


Fusion of tumour cells with host cells.

Fusion of tumour cells with host cells.


Time of X chromosome inactivation in retinal melanocytes of the mouse.


Structure and function of informofers.

Structure and function of informofers.


Crystal and molecular structure of a 6-methyluracil photodimer.


Translation of rabbit globin mRNA.

Translation of rabbit globin mRNA.


Endocrinopathy in mice affected with scrapie.


Thermally enhanced radiosensitivity of cultured Chinese hamster cells.


N-methylation of dopamine to epinine in brain tissue using N-methyltetrahydrofolic acid as the methyl donor.


Neuraminidase stimulates division and sugar uptake in density-inhibited cell cultures.


Control of bile salt synthesis.

Control of bile salt synthesis.


Nuclear DHT-receptor in Tfm-Y kidney cell.


Relative conduction velocities of small myelinated and non-myelinated fibres in the central nervous system.


Nitrate reductase activity: phytochrome mediation of induction in etiolated peas.


Retinol transport and regeneration of human cone photopigment.


Results of treatment in functional sexual disorders.


A dean's viewpoint.

A dean's viewpoint.


Symposium: Developing a family practice program. Introduction.


Family practice and the American Medical Association.


Dangers of intensive respiratory care.

Dangers of intensive respiratory care.


Management of patients with respiratory failure.


Drugs on the horizon.

Drugs on the horizon.


Clinicopathologic conference. Lung lesion with progressive neuropathy.


Allergic reaction to succinylcholine.

Allergic reaction to succinylcholine.


Ventricular arrhythmia; sign of myocardial perforation by transvenous pacemaker electrode.


Otosclerosis. Development of surgical therapy 1860 to 1960.


Incidence of glycogen storage disease in Sweden.


Glycogen storage disease in Norway.

Glycogen storage disease in Norway.


Some seeing problems: spectacles, color, driving and decline from age and poor lighting.


The inheritance of ocular components.

The inheritance of ocular components.


A method for evaluating color shifts with controlled chromatic adaptation.


The pre-fitting eye examination and failure in wearing contact lenses.


Analysis of a "G-day" program.

Analysis of a "G-day" program.


Photokeratoscopy by using the cornea as a "self luminance system".


Wire frames--the contemporary look in eyewear fashion.


Use of red blood cells to observe tear flow under contact lenses.


The turnover of blast cells in peripheral blood after in vitro  3 H-cytidine labelling and retransfusion in human acute leukaemia.


Hypothermia and circulatory assistance in dogs with acute myocardial infarction.


Enzymes in fibroblastic lesions: a histochemical and quantitative survey of alkaline and acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, non-specific esterase and leucine aminopeptidase in benign and malignant fibroblastic lesions of bone and soft tissue.


Augmentation of cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge rate after diphenylhydantoin.


Effects of diphenylhydantoin and other antiepileptic drugs on epileptiform activity and Purkinje cell discharge rates.


The production and detection of epileptogenic lesions in rat cerebral cortex.


Periosteal chondroma.

Periosteal chondroma.


Stages in osteogenic sarcomas.

Stages in osteogenic sarcomas.


Receptors for complement and immunoglobulin on human leukemic cells and human lymphoblastoid cell lines. The bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocyte can be identified by the presence of easily detectable surface immunoglobulin and a receptor for antigen-antibody-complement complexes (EAC'). Monocytes and macrophages also bear a receptor for EAC' and in addition possess a receptor for red cell-IgG complexes (EA). Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes bear neither of these receptors. The cells of 15 patients with leukemia and 19 human lymphoblastoid cell lines were examined for the presence of the EAC' and EA receptors. Of the human leukemias studied, only the cells from the patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) possess the EAC' receptor. The EA receptor could not be demonstrated on CLL cells; hence, CLL cells bear the lymphocyte EAC' receptor and by this criteria represent B lymphocytes. 12/19 of the cell lines studied could be classified as B lymphocytes by the presence of the EAC' receptor and absence of the EA receptor. 2/19 cell lines possessed both the EAC' and EA receptors and thus resemble the monocyte. 5/19 cell lines had no detectable receptor for EAC' or EA. The approach presented in this study for the classification of leukemias and cell lines as to their B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, or monocyte origin may have useful diagnostic and therapeutic implications.


Emerson ventilator.

Emerson ventilator.


Tooth mobility. 1 (A review of literature).


Tooth mobility. II. It's relation to traumatic bite, oral hygiene and splinting.


An instrument to measure the maxillo-mandibular ridge relationship.


Expanded duties for dental auxiliaries.

Expanded duties for dental auxiliaries.


Radiographic technics for the young child in your practice.


Certificate of need.

Certificate of need.


The "paravenereal" diseases.

The "paravenereal" diseases.


Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum as complications of sarcoma.


Genetic susceptibility to deleterious effects of environmental factors.


Renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma.


Lead poisoning: a crisis of conscience.

Lead poisoning: a crisis of conscience.


Organophosphate insecticide Diazinon poisoning in children.


Streptococcal pharyngitis diagnosed by throat cultures in an internal medicine practice.


Muscle damage and acute renal failure associated with heroin use.


A profile of the graduates of five U.S. medical schools.


Debt collection.

Debt collection.


Help wanted. To control venereal disease.


Oral diabetes drugs: a warning.

Oral diabetes drugs: a warning.


Comparative vital capacities with aminophylline.


Parallel problems in alcoholism and borderline schizophrenia.


Headache in children.

Headache in children.


Changing patterns of homicide in New York City.


Violence and the law.

Violence and the law.


Impact of violence on law enforcement.

Impact of violence on law enforcement.


Determinants of violence.

Determinants of violence.


Modes of action of antibiotics on bacteria and man.


Delivery of anesthesia care. Present and future.


Congenital coronary artery to left ventricle fistula with angina pectoris. Coronary steal syndrome?


Lymphangioma of mediastinum.

Lymphangioma of mediastinum.


Nonsurgical aspects of surgery of hand.

Nonsurgical aspects of surgery of hand.


Postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula.

Postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula.


Establishment and operation of combined intensive care unit. For patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular disease.


Proper job requires concept of the total patient.


Head protection--cranial, facial and dental in contact sports.


The "orthoturist".

The "orthoturist".


Surgical treatment of anterior cerebral-anterior communicating artery aneurysms.


The management of head injuries in the emergency room.


Bilateral hip disarticulation with total thigh flaps for extensive decubitus ulcers: a case report.


Historical background of dentistry in South Carolina.


Cytokinetic studies in chronic myeloid leukaemia: evidence for early presence of abnormal myeloblasts.


Antigen solubilized from human leukemia: lymphocyte stimulation. Soluble antigen was extracted with hypertonic (3 molar) potassium chloride from the malignant cells of seven patients with acute leukemia. The antigen and leukemia cells were used to stimulate autologous patients' and allogeneic normal donors' lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The lymphocytes of six patients showed significant blastogenic responses to autologous antigen. In contrast, the lymphocytes of only one of seven normal donors responded to the soluble antigens. Both patients' and normal subjects' lymphocytes responded to the intact leukemia cells. The use of these antigens should facilitate the study of specific tumor immunity in human leukemia.


Sixtieth anniversary of the U. S. Naval Dental Corps "ten more years of progress".


Plaque control program in the Delta.

Plaque control program in the Delta.


Malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with osteogenic sarcoma.


Doctor, your staff has something to tell you.


Your investments.

Your investments.


Dentists score in pro football.

Dentists score in pro football.


We asked..."How can we best meet new demands for dental services in the 1980's?" and you answered...


If you're thinking of practicing in Europe...think again.


Practice administration.

Practice administration.


Be sure before you buy: how to win the land-sales game.


Understanding and diagnosing oral disease.


Pseudotumor of the ischium. A late manifestation of avulsion of the ischial epiphysis.


Patterns of localization of 85 strontium in osteosarcoma. A correlative study using gross autoradiography.


Osteogenic sarcoma in a patient injected with Thorotrast.


Migrant health project, "Nurse on Wheels".


. . .And nurse training.

. . .And nurse training.


On technician training. . .

On technician training. . .


Carpenter Report: policy on education.

Carpenter Report: policy on education.


When you venture forth.

When you venture forth.


Emphasis on quality.

Emphasis on quality.


Leadership education for all.

Leadership education for all.


Accidents--who's responsible?

Accidents--who's responsible?


Team: training in expanded auxiliary management.


Improving the child's dental behavior through mental rehearsal.


Five-state public relations program proposed.


Explanation of dental auxiliary terms.

Explanation of dental auxiliary terms.


Extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma. A light microscopic and ultrastructural study of a case.


Radiographic technique in the contour dental chair.


An analytical anthropometric study of facebow transfers in modern man.


Clinical control of pathogenic organisms.


Professional corporations. Should you incorporate your practice now?


The rational use of antibiotics in modern dental practice.


Mixed dentition treatment in orthodontics.


Prevention, productivity cited in dental fee plea.


Preparation of crowns using pins, composite.


Correcting maxillary protrusion.

Correcting maxillary protrusion.


'Think microleakage' for better prevention.


Protective treatment for the exposed vital pulp.


Charge it : how credit cards are used for dental care.


Oral surgery office soothes with warmth.


Metal support jacket crown bridges.

Metal support jacket crown bridges.


Swaged gold eyelid weights.

Swaged gold eyelid weights.


North Sea Gas and the Solbrig furnace.

North Sea Gas and the Solbrig furnace.


Epileptic prisoners and their drinking problems.


Assessment of a clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic patients in everyday neurological practice. A survey of 450 cases.


Comments on "Clinical and EEG classification of epilepsy".


Experimental analysis of brain activity and behaviour in children with "minor" seizures.


RNA and protein metabolism in cobalt-induced epileptogenic lesions in rat brain.


Epileptic sensitization. Spontaneous and induced activity of unsensitized and sensitized acutely isolated cerebral cortex.


Survey of dental treatment requirement of the children attending the Dental College, Bangalore.


A study of tissue response to metallic (aluminium) denture base.


Bleaching of non-vital discoloured anterior teeth.


Malocclusions: incipient or transient?

Malocclusions: incipient or transient?


Management of crushing chest injuries in children.


The social psychology of persuasion: the use of fear and other problems.


Electronics in endodontic...a clinical report on the endometer.


On the reproducibility of periodontal indices.


Dental emporium in USS Jason.

Dental emporium in USS Jason.


Resumption of work after myocardial infarction in northern Finland.


Facial development and tooth eruption. An implant study at the age of puberty.


Serum muramidase levels in acute leukemia.


Bone bending, a feature of orthodontic tooth movement.


Computerization of orthodontic practice.


In vitro bone formation in a controlled electrical field.


Occlusal and skeletal disharmonies, cooperation and duration of orthodontic therapy.


Tests of validity of indices of occlusion.


Sampling of soils for trace element studies.


Problems of sampling in trace element investigations.


Problems of sampling and analysis in trace element investigations of vegetation.


Methodology and problems in analysis of trace elements. Activation analysis.


The use of atomic absorption in analysis of the environment.


Spark source mass spectrometry for the study of the geochemical environment.


Analytical methods for trace metals: an overview.


An overview of distribution patterns of trace elements in soils and plants.


Human requirements: basic and optimal.

Human requirements: basic and optimal.


Atherosclerosis and the geochemical environment: a critical review.


Other degenerative diseases of blood vessels.


Cancer and infectious diseases related to geochemical environment. Is there a particular kind of soil or geologic environment that predisposes to cancer?


Correlations between carcinogenic trace metals in water supplies and cancer mortality.


Trace elements that act to inhibit neoplastic growth.


An overview of trace element distribution patterns in water.


Geochemical environment in relation to health and disease. Panel discussion.


Infectious diseases influenced by trace element environment.


Methodology and problems in determining causal relationships between disease and geochemical environment. Disease data: epidemiologic considerations.


Nickel metabolism in health and disease.


Display of data with emphasis on the map form.


Computer processing of clinical data.

Computer processing of clinical data.


A field study relating geochemical environment to health and disease.


Influence of the soil matrix on the availability of trace elements to plants.


Availability of trace elements to plants with respect to soil-plant interaction.


Availability of trace elements to animals. Competition among mineral elements relating to absorption by animals.


Geochemical environment: distribution and availability of trace elements to plants, emphasizing areas of excess and deficiency. An overview of distribution patterns of trace elements in rocks.


An overview of soil-plant-animal relationships with respect to utilization of trace elements.


Problems in sampling of trace elements in rocks, soils, waters and plants. Sampling problems in trace element investigations of rocks.


Motivation of the patient by the dentist.


Mechanics of teaching plaque control.

Mechanics of teaching plaque control.


New approaches to plaque prevention.

New approaches to plaque prevention.


A perspective on prophylaxis of dental caries by topical fluoride.


Chairside procedures for using fluorides for preventing dental caries.


Adhesives for pit and fissure caries control.


Nutritional guidance in the prevention of oral disease.


Radiation thrift in dentistry.

Radiation thrift in dentistry.


Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis in dentistry.


Preventive orthodontics.

Preventive orthodontics.


Prevention of tissue injury from fixed partial prosthesis.


Research in the residency program.

Research in the residency program.


Combined buccal and reverse palatal flap for closure of oral-antral fistula.


Basal cell carcinoma of the palatal mucosa.


Spontaneous regression of an intraosseous vascular lesion after aspiration: report of case.


A precise technique for restoration of bony facial contour deficiencies with silicone rubber implants: report of cases.


Apertognathia--an interdisciplinary approach: report of case.


Histiocytosis X with oral lesions: report of case.


Intraoral osteotomy of mandibular symphysis to correct bilateral lingual crossbite: report of case.


Central fibroma of the mandible: report of case.


Osteoma of the mandibular condyle: report of case.


Ameloblastic odontoma: report of case.

Ameloblastic odontoma: report of case.


Temporomandibular joint ankylosis corrected with a gold prosthesis.


Technology in the nursery.

Technology in the nursery.


How wives pay for their husbands' success.


Hypno-behavioral apporach for the non-consummated marriage.


Original technique for the treatment of abnormal cardiac rhythm.


The use of hypnosis in the investigation and treatment of drug use and abuse.


Dentistry and psychosomatic medicine.

Dentistry and psychosomatic medicine.


Chemical and antigenic properties of the cell wall of Actinomyces viscosus (Strain T6).


Influence of oxygen at atmospheric and high pressure on the developing tooth germ in rat embryos.


X-radiation spectra.

X-radiation spectra.


Thermogravimetric analysis of composite restorative resins.


Salivary electrolyte changes during the normal menstrual cycle.


Patterns of dental caries in osborne-mendel and NIH black rats in relation to length of the caries test period.


Functional control of intrapulpal vasculature. II. Physiologic evidence of a sympathetic cholinergic vasoactive system.


Cholesterol side-chain degradation and cleft palate development in the rat.


Slow compressive strength of amalgam.

Slow compressive strength of amalgam.


Changes in the interradicular periodontium of rats correlated with age.


Effects of local anesthetics on epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced contractions of rabbit aortic strips.


Effect of stannous and fluoride ions on the rate of crystal growth of hydroxyapatite.


Mechanism of acid attack in human enamel as determined by electron optical instrumentation analysis.


Epithelial changes in the presumptive regions of fusion during secondary palate formation.


Differential binding of  14 C-cortisone in fetal, placental, and maternal liver tissue in A-J and C57BL mice.


Assessment of the reliability of radiographic diagnosis in a clinical caries trial.


Effects of nutrition on the composition of tooth lipids and fatty acids in rats. I. The effect of dietary carbohydrate on fatty acid composition of rat teeth.


Kinetic calcium, phosphate, and fluoride dissolution after topical fluoride application to intact enamel surfaces.


A biochemical measure of stress in patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome.


Effects of acute masticatory insufficiency on gastric secretion.


Tooth development in Protennodon eugenii.


Threshold levels for displacement of human teeth in response to laterally directed forces.


Cellular cytolysis in vitro: mechanisms underlying a quantitative assay for cellular immunity.


Early coronary care.

Early coronary care.


Bone growth in organ culture modified by an electric field.


Evaluation of dental caries experience and salivary immunoglobulins in whole saliva.


An electrode designed for altering bone growth in organ culture.


Akaline phosphatase in the periodontium of rat molars.


Advanced tooth emergence in Negro individuals.


Caries in rats with starch as the only dietary carbohydrate.


Three variations in dental arch form estimated by a quadratic equation.


Caries induced in rats in three weeks by a streptococcus isolated from man.


Effect of the period of citrus beverage exposure on the fluoride concentration of the molar surfaces of rats.


Absence of the   2  phase in amalgams with high copper concentrations.


Marmosa robinsoni: a new marsupial for dental research.


Student and faculty urinary mercury levels.


Comparison of physical properties of four commercial composite resins.


Bulging of the lingual aspects of buccal cusps in posterior teeth of Skolt Lapps from Northern Finland.


Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia during remission.


Therapeutic amenorrhea induced with lynestrenol in mentally retarded.


The electrophoretic pattern and activities of acid and neutral maltase of  cultivated fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells from controls and patients with the variant of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease).


Changing trends in the curriculum of the faculty of dentistry.


Helping the corporate junkie.

Helping the corporate junkie.


Treatment and rehabilitation for alcoholism.


Some aspects of health care problems facing industry.


Project health: one way to fight the profit drain caused by poor health.


Remarks on health education.

Remarks on health education.


Mrs. Castle indicts the BDA.

Mrs. Castle indicts the BDA.


Oncologists' reply: survival expectancy in acute lymphocytic leukemia.


Dose to osteogenic cells from plutonium-239 deposited in rat bone.


The effect of remission induction in acute myeloblastic leukemia on efficiency of colony formation in culture.


Abnormal iron incorporatin, survival protoporphyrin content and fluorescence of one red cell population in preleukemic sideroblastic anemia.


The work addict.

The work addict.


Bone sarcomas arising in fibrous dysplasia.


Management of aphakia.

Management of aphakia.


Narcotic addicts and their newborns.

Narcotic addicts and their newborns.


Lithium in treatment and prevention of affective disorders.


Polycystic liver disease in two sisters.


Classic emblem of dentistry captured in Feder sculpture.


Heartburn.

Heartburn.


Depression and intractable pain treated by modified prefrontal lobotomy.


Talcum granuloma.

Talcum granuloma.


Effects of uneven occlusal contact when registering maxillomandibular relations.


Radiopaque denture materials.

Radiopaque denture materials.


Surface characteristics of alginate impressions.


A comparison of articulator mountings made with centric relation and myocentric position records.


Access--the key to success.

Access--the key to success.


Psychosocial aspects of maxillofacial rehabilitation. I. The effect of primary cancer treatment.


Glossectomy rehabilitation by mandibular tongue prosthesis.


Rapid removable partial denture processing with a cold-curing acrylic resin.


Adaptation of an occlusal plane analyzer to a semiadjustable articulator.


The phenomenon of reoxygenation and its implications for fractionated radiotherapy.


Effects of locally released noradrenaline in prolonged haemorrhagic hypotension. An experimental study on the denervated dog spleen.


Computer management of clinical information: capture and retrieval of clinical orthopedic data by means of the variable-field-length format.


Prediction of oxygen tensions during cardiopulmonary bypass.


Ectopic supernumerary tooth, imbedded in superior wall of left maxillary antrum.


Growth of a human leukemia cell line on protein-free medium. 1.


Respirator treatment of neonates. A new principle with optimum humidification of the inspired air.


Cellular immunity to a common human sarcoma antigen and its specific inhibition by sera from patients with growing sarcomas.


Respiratory changes during continuous epidural blockade.


Blood concentration of lidocaine during continuous epidural blockade.


Circulatory changes during continuous epidural blockade.


Behaviour of the epithelial remnants of malassez following experimental movement of rat molars.


Experimental oro-paranasal communications.


The state of fluorine in dentifrice systems.


Studies on the root filling cement bi-oxol. A clinical, roentgenological and histological investigation.


Strontium-90 in deciouous teeth collected in Northern Finland from children born in 1952-1964.


Effect of sugars and sugar mixtures on dental plaque.


The effect of various sugars and sugar mixtures on the activity and formation of enzymes of dental plaque and oral fluid.


Effects of sub-fusional intermittency of the appearance of targets of complex spectral composition.


Influence of sympathetic nerve stimulation on flow velocity in pulpal vessels.


Ciliary muscle effort in accommodation.

Ciliary muscle effort in accommodation.


A vector approach to ocular kinematics.

A vector approach to ocular kinematics.


The effects of combining optical coating and photochromatic lenses--second report.


A new tonometer system.

A new tonometer system.


Optometric data characteristics of male prison inmates.


Diffraction and the precision of measurement of corneal and other small radii.


Marfan's syndrome: aphakic and non-aphakic refractive correction.


Monocular and binocular visual ability in nocturnal driving visibility.


Bohn's nodules. A case report.

Bohn's nodules. A case report.


President's address at the opening of the thirty-fifth session of the General Dental Council.


Training for change. N.H.S. activity.

Training for change. N.H.S. activity.


Human lymphoproliferative reaction to saliva and dental plaque-deposits: an in vitro correlation with periodontal disease.


Periodontal pathosis in the grey lethal strain mouse.


Age effect upon cementum width of albino rat: a histometric study.


The effect of examiner error on the extent of recorded fluctuatins in marginal gingivitis.


Relationship of occlusion and periodontal disease. 3. Relation of periodontal status to general background characteristics.


Relationship of occlusion and periodontal disease. V. Relation of classification of occlusion to periodontal status and gingival inflammation.


Relationship of occlusion and periodontal disease. IV. Relationship of inflammation to general background characteristics and periodontal destruction.


Artificial plaque prevention with organic fluorides.


A study of the effects of antiseptic agents and a pulsating irrigating device on plaque and gingivitis.


Dentists will unionize to survive.

Dentists will unionize to survive.


Water jet direction and periodontal pocket debridement.


Dentistry and the law.

Dentistry and the law.


Hang-ups with the expanded use of dental auxiliaries.


Endodontic implant stabilizers.

Endodontic implant stabilizers.


Whither dentistry in the coming election? An appraisal of health care programs.


Whats wrong with dental education today?


A new approach to hospital dentistry.

A new approach to hospital dentistry.


Barbiturate narco sedation in dentistry.


Dental management of the drug abuser.

Dental management of the drug abuser.


Responsibility of a district officer to his profession.


Emphysema of the face and neck following maxillary fracture.


Healing of the mylohyoid musculature after vestibuloplasty involving the lingual side of the mandible ("lowering of the floor of the mouth").


Bacteroides osteomyelitis of the mandible. A report of two cases.


Severe oral infection associated with prolonged steroid therapy. Report of a case.


Tuberous sclerosis with gingival lesions.


Osseous and chondromatous metaplasia caused by dentures.


Medulloblastoma: extradural metastasis to the jaw. Report of a case.


A clinical evaluation of vitality tests in anterior teeth following fracture of enamel and dentin.


An in vitro study of the diffusbility of camphorated parachlorophenol and metacresylacetate in the root canal.


Dental radiology: a perspective on priorities.


Determination of the moisture content of vital and pulpless teeth.


Congenitally missing permanent canines.

Congenitally missing permanent canines.


Taurodontism.

Taurodontism.


Oligonontia and fusion.

Oligonontia and fusion.


Zinc and bone healing: the effect of zinc cysteamine-N-acetic acid on the healing of extraction wounds in rats.


A comparison of the effectiveness of the CHARTERS', scrub, and roll methods of toothbrushing in removing plaque.


Degeneration of oral leukocytes.

Degeneration of oral leukocytes.


Effects of denture washings in chlorhexidine on lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in oral mucosa.


Scanning electron microscopy of organic structures on the root surface of human teeth.


On the carnassial tooth cusps in recent red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in Finland and Denmark.


Plaque pH in caries-active and inactive subjects modified by sucrose and fluoride, with and without bicarbonate-phosphate.


Sodium and potassium content of the extracellular phase of plaque modified by sucrose and bicarbonate-phosphate and fluoride.


Copper-tin phases in dental silver amalgam.


Junctions between cells of the human enamel organ.


Presidential address.

Presidential address.


Medical oncology--a new subspecialty.

Medical oncology--a new subspecialty.


The physician: dedicated, skillful, responsible and respected.


The unity of medical education and medical research.


A method for characterizing the elastic deformability of orthodontic wires.


The cytological response of palatal mucosa to dentures.


Acute fusospirochaetal stomatitis associated with a partial upper denture.


Transposition of the maxillary canine and the lateral incisor.


Handpiece positions in low-line dentistry.


An investigation into the properties of fluorescent screens.


Use of a composite filling material in periodontal splinting and the construction of post crowns.


Intrarenal pyelolithotomy.

Intrarenal pyelolithotomy.


Studies on morphology of the cibarium in culicine mosquitos. I. Eight species of culicines common in the Taipei area, Taiwan.


Intractable pain treated by percutaneous cervical radio frequency cordotomy.


Antigen recognition: early surface-receptor phenomena induced by binding of a tritium-labeled antigen. The rate of antigen binding by mouse lymphoid cells has been investigated with polymerized flagellin of Salmonella adelaide that had been biosynthetically labeled with tritium. Autoradiographs of lymphnode cells incubated with the tritiated antigen at 37 degrees showed aggregation of antigen receptors to one cell pole. This was followed 4-5 hr later by the appearance of antigen receptors on the cell surface, at a density severalfold higher than at the time of first contact with the antigen. Antigen-binding cells exposed in vitro to antigen concentrations known to cause high zone tolerance induction failed to form polar antigen caps once they had entered the phase of increased receptor formation. The data suggest that sufficient crosslinking of receptors by the antigen to cause their aggregation triggers the cell to differentiate and to increase its density of antigen receptors. In the presence of antigen concentrations favoring high zone tolerance, receptors may become interlinked to such an extent that they are prevented from aggregation. Such a "frozen" state of the antigen recognition system would render the cell unresponsive to antigenic stimuli.


Newly recognized vital nitrogen cycle.

Newly recognized vital nitrogen cycle. Soil and sea bacteria produce a small amount of nitrous oxide (N(2)O); a small part of this N(2)O is photochemically converted to nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere. This process has recently been shown to be the principal source of the active oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO(2)) in the stratosphere. The active oxides of nitrogen catalytically destroy ozone, and NO and NO(2) appear to be a principal factor in the natural ozone balance. Stratospheric ozone is the only effective shield for the surface of the Earth against the harsh ultraviolet radiation between 300 and 250 nm. Thus, soil bacteria indirectly control the intensity of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This subcycle of the major nitrogen cycle involves a relatively small amount of nitric oxide, estimated to be between 0.26 and 1.2 x 10(9) kg of NO per year on a worldwide basis. A recent estimate of the future nitric oxide emission in the stratosphere by the Concord supersonic transport is 0.37 x 10(9) kg/year on a world-wide basis, which is similar to the amount estimated from the natural source.


Assays for porphyrins, delta-aminolevulinic-acid dehydratase, and porphyrinogen synthetase in microliter samples of whole blood: applications to metabolic defects involving the heme pathway. Three micromethods are described for the assay of enzymes or products of the heme biosynthetic pathway in blood. A fluorometric method for the assay of protoporphyrin may be applied to the rapid screening of children for chronic lead poisoning. A colorimetric assay for delta-aminolevulinic-acid dehydratase may be applied to the detection of acute and chronic lead poisoning. A fluorometric assay for porphyrin formation from prophobilinogen is also described.


Estrogen-induced changes in translation, and specific messenger RNA levels during oviduct differentiation. Estrogen-induced morphologic differentiation of chick oviduct is accompanied by increases in the total endogenous mRNA activity of oviduct polysomes. Concomitant increases are also noted in ribosome translational capacity and activity of peptide chain initiation factors. Once the differentiation process nears completion (about 7 days of estrogen administration), total ribosomebound mRNA activity decreases, but the translational machinery remains very active. In addition, estrogen induces the accumulation of ovalbumin mRNA before ovalbumin is demonstrable in the oviduct. The data suggest that the rate-limiting event in the hormonal induction of cell-specific proteins, such as ovalbumin, is the synthesis and intracellular accumulation of specific mRNA for such proteins.


Purification by affinity chromatography of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase present in fresh electric-organ tissue of electric eel. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-Sepharose conjugate was prepared by coupling a derivative of the powerful acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, N-methylacridinium, to CNBr-activated Sepharose. Use of this conjugate permitted direct purification, by affinity chromatography, of the two molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase, 14 and 18 S, present in fresh electric organ tissue. The purified 14S and 18S acetylcholinesterases retained the capacity to aggregate at low ionic strength displayed by crude extracts of the enzyme. The major polypeptide components of the 14S and 18S enzymes, as revealed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, closely resemble those observed in the 11S form of acetylcholinesterase, previously purified after tryptic digestion of electric-organ tissue.


Hydrostatic pressure and ionic strength effects on the kinetics of lysozyme. The kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by egg-white lysozyme from hen eggs (EC 3.2.1.17) was investigated by measurement of the decrease in turbidity of suspensions of dried Micrococcus luteus cells. The substrate and NaCl concentration were varied, as well as the hydrostatic pressure (1-476 atm). A plot of the initial velocity against the reciprocal of the substrate concentration gave straight lines. From these plots values for the maximum velocity, V, and the apparent Michaelis constant, K(m), as well as the effect of NaCl concentration were determined. The maximum velocity showed a pronounced maximum when plotted over a range of NaCl concentration from 0-0.208 M. The volume change of activation, DeltaV([unk]), calculated from V, was negative, and decreased in absolute value from -8 to about 0 cm(3)/mol as the NaCl molarity was increased over the above range. This effect is explained as due to a different number of salt molecules being built into activated complexes with each of these activated complexes reacting at its own characteristic rate. Strong pressure-dependence of enzyme catalysis indicates appreciable conformational changes of the enzyme as it is incorporated into the activated complex. The volume change causing the pressure effect arises principally from changes in the number of ionized species with the accompanying electrostriction.


Molecular basis of maternal inheritance. The mechanism of preferential transmission (i.e., maternal inheritance) of cytoplasmic genes was investigated with chloroplast DNA of Chlamydomonas as a model system. The behavior of nuclear and chloroplast DNAs were compared in the sexual cycle; DNAs from male and female parents were distinguished by labeling with (14)N- or (15)NH(4)Cl and then by making the crosses: (14)N (female) x (15)N (male) and the reciprocal. Chloroplast DNAs from the two parents followed different paths in the zygote, but nuclear DNAs showed no differences. Chloroplast DNA from the female parent persists in the zygote, but undergoes a density shift of 0.003-0.005 g/cm(3) to a lighter buoyant density, whereas that from the male disappears soon after zygote formation. The possibility is discussed that a modification-restriction system may be involved.


Structure of ristocetin A.

Structure of ristocetin A. Acid hydrolysis of ristocein A yields a number of amino acids of unusual structure. One set of diastereoisomeric pairs has a molecular weight of 362 and an empirical formula of C(17)H(18)N(2)O(7). Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidence suggest a diphenyl ether with hydroxyl and alpha-amino acid [-CH-(NH(2))COOH] groups on one ring, and methyl, hydroxyl and alpha-amino acid groups on the other ring. Coupling in the NMR and nuclear Overhauser effect experiments favor certain substitution patterns, which are shown. Another set of diastereoisomers seems to be a lower homolog of the previous set, without the aromatic methyl group.


The upper temperature limit for eukaryotic organisms. An upper temperature limit near 60 degrees for eukaryotic organisms is documented by results of a systematic search for fungi able to grow at higher temperatures. Samples from hot springs, thermal soils, self-heating coal waste piles, and other natural and man-made heated habitats did not yield fungi when enrichments were done at 62 degrees , whereas fungi able to grow at 55-60 degrees can be readily isolated from such habitats. Earlier work had shown that eukaryotic algae are also absent from environments with temperatures above 55-60 degrees . It is suggested that the failure of eukaryotes to evolve members able to grow at higher temperatures is due to their inability to form organellar membranes that are both thermostable and functional.


Intracellular distribution of enzymes of the cytidine diphosphate choline pathway in castor bean endosperm. The occurrence and subcellular distribution of enzymes of the cytidine diphosphate choline pathway of lecithin synthesis have been examined. Choline kinase (EC 2.7.1.32) was completely soluble, while phosphorylcholine-cytidyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.15) and phosphorylcholine-glyceride transferase (EC 2.7.8.2) were associated with particulate fractions. Although components sedimenting at 10,000 to 100,000 x g contained both enzymes, phosphorylcholine-cytidyl transferase and particularly phosphorylcholine-glyceride transferase were present in the 10,000 x g pellet, which contained the major organelles, mitochondria, and glyoxysomes. When the crude homogenate was centrifuged on a sucrose density gradient, four major bands of particulate protein were recovered. A band at density 1.24 g/cm(3) contained the glyoxysomes and was devoid of phosphorylcholine-cytidyl transferase and phosphorylcholine-glyceride transferase activity. Enzyme activity was barely detectable in the mitochondria, at density 1.18 g/cm(2). Phosphorylcholine-glyceride transferase was found almost exclusively in a sharp band at density 1.12 g/cm(3), and phosphorylcholinecytidyl transferase was found in the uppermost band at density 1.08 g/cm(3). Thus, for the synthesis of lecithin in their membranes, the glyoxysomes and mitochondria depend on enzymes elsewhere in the cell; the final two steps in lecithin formation occur, apparently exclusively, in separate particulate cell components.


Homing in pigeons with impaired vision.

Homing in pigeons with impaired vision. In order to test the importance of vision in homing pigeons, their vision was impaired by frosted contact lenses. Pigeons wearing such lenses seemed unable to recognize artificial landmarks at 6-m distance. Nevertheless, most birds homed from distances of 15 km, and some even from 130-km distance. This result indicates that, contrary to common expectation, vision need not play an essential role in homing.


The spectrum of cobalt bovine procarboxypeptidase A, an index of catalytic function. The spectra of functionally essential, chromophoric metal atoms of metalloenzymes are thought to reflect catalytic potential [Vallee and Williams (1968) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 59, 498]. The spectra of cobalt procarboxypeptidase and their perturbations by substrates and inhibitors are virtually the same as those of cobalt carboxypeptidase; both are consistent with a distorted tetrahedral geometry about the cobalt atom, suggesting irregular coordination geometries and low symmetries of metal-binding sites. We have, therefore, examined the enzymatic properties of cobalt procarboxypeptidase and found that it catalyzes the hydrolysis of a series of haloacylated amino acids at rates equal to or greater than those of native zinc carboxypeptidase. These observations demonstrate the existence both of the catalytic and of the binding sites for haloacylated amino acids of the zymogen, even before activation. Hence, the magnitude of conformational changes at the catalytic site thought to accompany its activation must be very small, no matter what their magnitude might be elsewhere in the molecule. The data support the entatic state hypothesis and suggest that it may profitably guide the exploration of catalytic potential of metalloproteins and metal-protein complexes.


Structure and properties of a synthetic analogue of bacterial iron--sulfur proteins. The compound (Et(4)N)(2)[Fe(4)S(4)(SCH(2)Ph)(4)] has been prepared and its structure determined by x-ray diffraction. The Fe(4)S(4) core of the anion possesses a configuration of D(2d) symmetry that is closely related to the Fe(4)S(4) active-site structures of the high-potential iron protein from Chromatium and the ferredoxin from Micrococcus aerogenes. Electronic properties of the tetrameric anion have been partially characterized by measurement of proton magnetic resonance, Mössbauer, photoelectron, and electronic spectra, and magnetic susceptibility. Comparison of corresponding properties of [Fe(4)S(4)(SCH(2)Ph)(4)](2-) and the proteins implies that the oxidation levels of the synthetic tetramer, the reduced form of the high-potential protein, and the oxidized form of the 8-Fe ferredoxins are equivalent. The tetramer possesses the one-electron redox capacity associated with the 4-Fe centers of the ferredoxins. The structural and collective electronic features of [Fe(4)S(4)(SCH(2)Ph)(4)](2-) reveal it to be the first well-defined synthetic analogue of the active site of an iron-sulfur protein.


Is the gene the unit of selection? Evidence from two experimental plant populations. The dynamics of gametic frequency change have been analyzed in two experimental plant populations. Individual plants were scored for their genotype at four enzyme loci, and four-locus joint gametic frequencies were estimated from the genotypic data over generations. Striking correlations developed in allelic state over loci, including correlations between nonlinked loci, as these populations evolved. Furthermore, the same pair of four-locus complementary gametic types came into marked excess in the late generations of both populations. The results demonstrate that natural selection acted to structure the genetic resources of these populations into sets of highly interacting, coadapted gene complexes. They also provide evidence, at the level of the gene, that selection operating on correlated multilocus units is an important determinant of population structure.


Tautomerism of uracil and thymine in aqueous solution: spectroscopic evidence. Excitation spectra for triplet state formation and fluorescence emission from uracil and thymine in neutral aqueous solution at room temperature are anomalous when compared to the absorption spectra of uracil and thymine. The experimental data are critically examined with respect to three molecular models; Model 1, which is characterized by increased intersystem crossing from higher vibrational levels of S(1); Model 2, in which fluorescence is attributed to a (pi,pi(*)) state, whereas intersystem crossing occurs from an (npi(*)) state; and Model 3, in which fluorescence is attributed to a tautomer I, while triplet yields originate from tautomer II. Reasons are presented for discarding Models 1 and 2, and it is demonstrated that the observed excitation spectra complement each other with respect to the absorption spectrum, such that the quantum yields of triplet formation and fluorescence emission become independent of exciting wavelength. It is suggested that the fluorescing tautomer I has the N(3)-C(4) enol structure, while the triplet-forming tautomer II is most likely the predominant diketo form.


An active derivative of rabbit antibody light chain composed of the constant and the variable domains held together only by a native disulfide bond. The immunoglobulin light chain is thought to be organized into two structural domains, the constant and the variable regions, linked by a switch region of lesser tertiary organization. Light chains of homogeneous rabbit antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides labeled with (125)I were subjected to trypsin digestion at different temperatures. At 43 degrees molecular size (as determined by gel filtration) remained unchanged until the chain was subjected to full reduction and alkylation, when half molecules were demonstrated. One light chain resisted tryptic digestion at 43 degrees . At 50 degrees extensive digestion to small peptides occurred. These experiments confirm the susceptibility of the switch region to enzymatic attack as well as the relative resistance of the constant and variable region domains. They also demonstrate that the third disulfide bridge in rabbit light chain extends between the two structural domains and maintains the integrity of the molecule even when a peptide bond in the switch region is cleaved. When the light chain was subjected to dilute acid hydrolysis [10% acetic acid-pyridine (pH 2.5) in 7 M guanidine-HCl for 24-90 hr] selective cleavage at the switch region was demonstrated in yields up to 90%. The site of cleavage was shown to be the acid labile Asp 109-Pro 110 bond by automated Edman degradation. After cleavage the molecule remained intact until full reduction and alkylation, when half molecules were again demonstrated. A light chain cleaved in this way with its interdomain disulfide bond intact, was able to recombine with a homologous heavy chain and restore antigen binding. This indicates that an intact switch region is not needed for antibody activity. The availability of a functional variable region now allows for planning an examination of the antibody combining site by the technique of peptide synthesis.


Double-stranded regions in heterogeneous nuclear RNA from Hela cells. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA from HeLa cells contains double-stranded regions that arise by base pairing of complementary sequences that exist as parts of the same molecule (intramolecular base pairing). When denatured, the RNA sequences that form the double-stranded regions hybridize rapidly to HeLa cell DNA, suggesting that they are transcribed from reiterated sites in the genome. The messenger RNA does not contain the same class or amount of double-stranded RNA regions found in heterogeneous nuclear RNA.


Detection of maternal esterase in mouse embryonic tissues. A genetic variant of esterase in mice is used to demonstrate for the first time that an enzyme of maternal origin is taken up intracellularly by two mid-gestation tissues dervied from the embryo: trophoblast and yolk sac (visceral endoderm). Although other alternatives are still possible, it is likely that the esterase is transported from the mother to the trophoblast via the serum. If so, the phenomenon is selective, since at least one other prominent serum esterase is not found in trophoblast or yolk sac cells. The enzyme has not been detected in the embryo proper, even at very late stages of pregnancy. Trophoblast cells-developing from blastocysts implanted under the kidney capsule of a male mouse also appear to have the ability to take up host esterase. Efforts to demonstrate uptake of the enzyme by trophoblast cells in blastocyst cultures have been unsuccessful.


Antigen-binding specificity of isolated cell-surface immunoglobulin from thymus cells activated to histocompatibility antigens. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of cell-surface proteins was used in the isolation of cell-surface immunoglobulin from thymus-derived thoracic duct lymphocytes activated to histocompatibility-2 antigens. Immunoglobulin was identified by specific precipitation with antiserum to mouse immunoglobulin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of reduced and alkylated precipitates showed that the immunoglobulin molecules possessed mu-type heavy chains and light chains. Cell-surface immunoglobulin isolated from thymus-derived cells activated to histocompatibility-2 antigens possessed binding specificity for the activating antigens.


Control of circadian change of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal organ by the beta--adrenergic receptor. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) activity in the rat pineal organ is enhanced 50-fold at night. Rats exposed to light at night or kept in darkness during the daytime do not show any elevation of enzyme activity. Treatment with reserpine, a compound that depletes norepinephrine from nerves, 1-propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, or cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, abolishes the nocturnal increase in serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity, indicating that the enzyme activity is modulated by neural release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves via beta-adrenergic receptors, and that the increase in enzyme activity is due to synthesis of new enzyme molecules. When rats are exposed to light at night or injected with 1-propranolol, there is a precipitous fall in serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity (half-life 5 min). Cycloheximide administered at night results in a slow fall in enzyme activity (half-life 60 min). When rats are kept in darkness and then exposed to light for 10 min, L-isoproterenol rapidly initiates the elevation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity to the initial level in 60 min. On the other hand, when the rats are kept in continuous light, L-isoproterenol initiates an increase in serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity after a lag phase of 60 min. The results indicate that there are two types of changes in serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity; a rapid increase and decrease mediated by the beta-adrenergic receptor, and a slow increase and decrease in enzyme activity that appears to represent the turnover of the enzyme.


Self purification of two serine endopeptidases. We have reported that a serine protease from Pronase, homologous with bovine chymotrypsin, is both active and stable in 6 M guanidinium chloride. The present investigation examined the possibility that this unique property might be used to permit the enzyme to engage in its own purification by cleaving companion proteins to low-molecular-weight products. Analysis with model substrates of the several specific activities that were originally present revealed that only the activity against Nalpha-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester was demonstrable after incubation for 100 hr in the denaturant. After a moderate loss within the first 24 hr, the remaining activity against this ester was conserved for many days thereafter. Pronase was routinely incubated for 1 week at 22 degrees in 6 M guanidinium chloride at pH 8.0 where the esterases showed maximal activity. Analysis of the products of incubation revealed unexpectedly the presence of two serine proteases that were easily separated. After purification to homogeneity these components proved themselves to be the previously demonstrated subtilisin-like and stable chymotrypsin-like enzymes. The only amino-terminal residue of the chymotrypsin-like enzyme is isoleucine, as it is in the earlier, conventionally purified product. The migration of the single band of this enzyme during acrylamide gel electrophoresis was the same whether purified by the past or present technique. No free amino-terminal group was demonstrable in the subtilisin-like enzyme. This study presents a unique and rapid technique for isolation of these proteases, with the first reported purification to homogeneity of the subtilisin-like component. These enzymes may be useful as probes for local relaxations of conformation in substrate proteins. Furthermore, they may contribute to the preparation of enzyme-free non-protein macromolecules.


Method for correlation of proton magnetic resonance assignments in different solvents: conformational transition of oxytocin and lysine vasopressin from dimethylsulfoxide to water. The peptide amide, primary carboxamide, and aromatic proton resonances were assigned to specific hydrogens of oxytocin and lysine vasopressin (Lys-VP) in water at 23 degrees at pH 2.5 and 4.2, respectively. We started with the spectral assignments of oxytocin and Lys-VP determined in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (Me(2)SO) and monitored the course of each of these resonances as the proportion of water to Me(2)SO was gradually increased. Changes in each of the two hormones in chemical shifts and in some coupling constants indicate that conformational alterations occur in both oxytocin and Lys-VP during the solvent transition from Me(2)SO to water. This study is a specific application of a general method for correlating spectral assignments in different solvents and for monitoring conformational changes accompanying solvent transitions. Application of this technique requires only that the solvent components be miscible over the entire transitional range, that spectral changes of the solute be simple enough to follow, and that the associated structural changes of the solute be "rapid on the proton magnetic resonance time-scale."


Z-average sedimentation coefficient in reversibly self-aggregating systems. A theoretical treatment of the determination of the Z-average sedimentation coefficient in reversibly self-aggregating systems is presented. These equations are useful for determination of formation constants of polymers.


The biosynthesis of vitamin B 12 : a study by  13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The origin of the methyl group on C-1 of Ring A of the corrin ring of vitamin B(12) was investigated by (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The proton-decoupled (13)C spectra of vitamin B(12) synthesized from [5-(13)C]delta-aminolevulinic acid by Propionibacteria were obtained by Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance of high resolution, and spectra of high-resolution proton magnetic resonance of the (13)C-labeled B(12) were also taken. The delta-carbon atom of delta-aminolevulinic acid is the source of seven or eight known positions of vitamin B(12), depending on whether the C-1 methyl group is also derived from the labeled substrate. We have found seven resonances whose chemical shifts enable us to identify the position of the (13)C atoms in the molecule from the assignment of Dodderell and Allerhand. We observed no (13)C resonance corresponding to the C-1 methyl group of Ring A. Furthermore, the proton magnetic resonance spectrum showed no spin-spin splitting of the proton peak at the tau values assigned for the H atoms in this methyl group. It would thus appear that the methyl group at C-1, which has been considered to have the same origin as the delta-methine bridge of porphyrins, does not originate from the delta-carbon atom of delta-aminolevulinic acid. This finding may aid in elucidation of the mechanism of synthesis of the functional isomer of vitamin B(12) and porphyrins. The (13)C-labeled vitamin B(12) enabled us to make further assignments to the (13)C magnetic resonance of the vitamin.


The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. The tentative amino-acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of the lectin concanavalin A have been determined. The amino-acid sequence, which was determined chemically, contains 238 residues. The sequences of three short stretches were assigned on the basis of x-ray crystallographic data. Interpretation of an electron density map at 2-A resolution indicates that the predominant structural element is extended polypeptide chain arranged in two anti-parallel pleated sheets or beta-structures. Residues not included in the beta-structures are arranged in regions of random coil. One of the pleated sheets contributes extensively to the interactions among the monomers to form both dimers and tetramers. The positions at which Mn(2+), Ca(2+), and saccharide are bound to the protein, and the point of cleavage for the formation of the naturally occurring fragments A(1) and A(2), have been tentatively assigned. Both metal-binding sites are at least 20-A removed from the position at which saccharides are bound. The saccharide-binding site is a deep pocket of approximately 6A x 7.5A x 18A, the inner portion of which is occupied by hydrophobic residues.


Reducible crosslinks in hydroxylysine-deficient collagens of a heritable disorder of connective tissue. Reducible compounds that participate in crosslinking were analyzed in hydroxylysine-deficient collagens of patients with a heritable disorder of connective tissue. After treatment with [(3)H]sodium borohydride, new compounds, as well as a totally different pattern of tritiated compounds, were found in hydroxylysine-deficient collagen from skin as compared with age-matched controls. The amount of desmosines detected indicated that more elastin was present in abnormal skin than in control skin.Bone collagen, which was not as deficient in hydroxylysine as skin collagen, had the same compounds as normal bone collagen, but their relative proportions were altered, consistent with a deficiency of hydroxylysine, a precursor of the crosslinks. Although the content of hydroxylysine in collagen of cartilage is essentially normal in these patients, analysis after reduction revealed a different pattern of reduced compounds from that of normal cartilage. It is speculated that Type II collagen, the major collagen component in cartilage, contains a normal amount of hydroxylysine, while Type I collagen, which is the major source of the crosslinks, is hydroxylysine-deficient. This distribution would explain the findings of an abnormal profile of reducible compounds despite an almost normal total hydroxylysine content. The finding that the deficiency of hydroxylysine in the collagen of these patients is accompanied by changes in number, chemical nature, and, probably, distribution of crosslinkages, and the previously reported alterations in the solubility characteristics, suggest that at least some skeletal and connective tissue abnormalities are directly related to underlying molecular pathology.


An oligonucleotide affinity column for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase from RNA tumor viruses. Columns of (dT)(12-18)-cellulose provide a one-step enrichment procedure for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. The enzyme of the virus from RD-114 cells, as well as that from Rauscher murine leukemia virus, have been purified in this way. The preference of viral as compared to cellular DNA polymerases for (dT)(12-18) as a primer is reflected in the fact that the DNA polymerases of uninfected cells do not bind to this column. Viral enzymes have been purified and identified from crude cellular extracts.


Mechanism of DNA replication by highly purified DNA polymerase of chicken embryo. Highly purified DNA polymerase of chicken embryo was used to investigate the mechanism of DNA replication. The templates used included synthetic homopolymer pairs, as well as DNA of bacteriophage f1 and DNA-RNA hybrids prepared by partial or complete transcription of f1 DNA. The evidence suggests that the DNA synthesized is complementary either to the DNA or the RNA strand of the hybrid, depending on the relative lengths of the two strands, with the longer serving as the template and the shorter as the primer. While f1 DNA itself lacks template properties, the f1 DNA-RNA hybrids are efficient templates; and composition studies show the DNA synthesized to be complementary to the DNA strand of the hybrid. These observations suggest a mechanism of DNA replication in which the initial synthesis of a stable primer by RNA polymerase plays a pivotal role.


Resonance Raman spectra of hemoglobin and cytochrome c: inverse polarization and vibronic scattering. Resonance Raman spectra of hemoglobin and cytochrome c in dilute solution contain prominent bands that exhibit inverse polarization, i.e., the polarization vector of the incident radiation is rotated through 90 degrees for 90 degrees scattering, giving infinite depolarization ratios. This phenomenon is shown to require an antisymmetric molecular-scattering tensor. The antisymmetry, which is characteristic of resonance scattering, is associated with the form of a particular class of vibrations, A(20), of the tetragonal heme chromophores. The dependence of the resonance Raman spectra on the wavelength of the exciting radiation, as well as their polarization properties, demonstrates that the prominent bands correspond to vibronically active modes of the first electronic transition of the heme proteins, and provide confirmation of Albrecht's vibronic theory of Raman intensities.


Regeneration of cation-transport capacity in HeLa cell membranes after specific blockade by ouabain. The cardiac glycoside, ouabain, inhibits alkali-cation transport in HeLa cells. It binds to 0.75 x 10(6) sites per cell, and the half-time for its dissociation is 16 hr. After partial blockade by ouabain, the cell generates new ouabain-binding sites, with total restoration of transport in 10% of a cell cycle( approximately 3 hr). This recovery requires protein synthesis and appears to be a response to altered cell-electrolyte content, since growth of cells in media with low K(+) concentration enhances the titer of the transport enzyme in a fashion similar to the effect of ouabain. Totally blocked cells do not recover.


Selective increase in lymphocyte interferon response to vaccinia antigen after revaccination. Viral antigen prepared by heat inactivation of vaccinia virus stimulated production of interferon in association with transformation of sensitized human lymphocytes in vitro. Involvement of a macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in production of interferon stimulated by viral antigen was found in which macrophage greatly augmented the amount of interferon produced by lymphocytes. Reimmunization with live vaccinia virus resulted in a selective increase in the ability of lymphocytes to produce interferon in the presence of viral antigen 4-7 weeks later without a corresponding increase in the degree of already significant lymphocyte transformation. There was no correlation between the extent of lymphocyte transformation and the amount of interferon produced. The augmented interferon response after reimmunization described in this study may be a significant component of the protective effect of immunization with vaccinia against disease occurring after exposure to small-pox.


Redistribution of visual projections in altered optic tecta of adult goldfish. The retinotectal connections formed in adult goldfish after removal of the rostro-caudal strip of dorsal tectum were mapped electrophysiologically. Initial maps recorded 1 month after surgery revealed visual scotoma corresponding to the ablated tectum. Subsequent maps recorded 4-5 months after the operation showed that the entire visual field redistributed appropriately over the remaining tectum. It is suggested that, in spite of an abnormal optic tectum, the reformed projection demonstrates a tendency to retain its completeness.


Thiolester substrates for transamidating enzymes: studies on fibrinoligase. Esters of thiocholine were shown to inhibit the crosslinking of fibrin clots by the transamidating enzyme, fibrinoligase (thrombin-activated fibrin-stabilizing factor or activated Factor XIII). Inhibition depended on the nature of the acylating group with the phenylpropionyl, phenylbutyryl, and trans-cinnamoyl esters being most effective of the compounds tested so far. Use of the thiolesters made it possible for the first time to study the reactions of fibrinoligase in fully synthetic substrate systems. Enzyme-catalyzed acyl-group transfers from the thiol-esters to a fluorescent amine [N-(5-aminopentyl) - 5 - dimethylamino - 1 - naphthalenesulfonamide] could be readily demonstrated and measured.Trans-cinnamoylthiocholine reacted with fibrinoligase in a totally calcium-dependent manner in the absence of any added amine, thus providing the first evidence for an esterolytic pathway for this enzyme. Spectral qualities, as well as appreciable extent of solubility in water, would seem to make trans-cinnamoylthiocholine a specially suitable substrate for further studies.


Translation of reovirus messenger RNAs synthetesized in vitro into reovirus polypeptides by several mammalian cell-free extracts. Single-stranded reovirus RNA, synthesized in vitro by reovirus cores, functioned as messenger RNA in cell-free extracts prepared from several mammalian cells: Krebs II mouse ascites cells, mouse L cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, HeLa cells, and rabbit reticulocytes. As shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, all eight polypeptides known to be specified by reovirus were synthesized in the reticulocyte system. In the other extracts, from 5 to 7 complete virus proteins were made.


The interaction of histone IV with nucleoside triphosphates. The nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, TTP, and CTP induce conformational changes in histone IV at concentrations that are of the same magnitude as the histone concentration. The purine nucleoside triphosphates are much more effective than the pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates.


Glucocorticoid receptors and the role of glucocorticoids in fetal lung development. The cellular mechanism of glucocorticoid effects upon fetal lung was examined in studies of specific binding activity for corticosteroids. Cytoplasm of fetal rabbit lung contains receptor sites for [(3)H]dexamethasone at a concentration of 0.43 +/- 0.04 pmol/mg of cytosol protein, and the apparent dissociation constant for the binding reaction is 2.7 +/- 0.4 nM. The ability of various steroids to compete with labeled dexamethasone for binding to receptor correlates with their biologic potency. The hormone-receptor complex formed in vitro at 0 degrees binds with high affinity at 20 degrees to isolated lung nuclei. It is estimated that there are 9500 nuclear binding sites and 12,000 cytoplasmic receptor sites per fetal lung cell. During the last 12 days of gestation in a rabbit, the concentration of cytoplasmic receptor in lung is constant and is 2- to 5-times greater than receptor-site concentration in fetal skin, kidney, heart, muscle, gut, liver, brain, thymus, and placenta. These findings demonstrate that the early steps in the mechanism of glucocorticoid action in target tissues are present in lung cells, and suggest that these hormones accelerate fetal lung differentiation and surfactant production in animals by the induction of new protein synthesis mediated by receptor.


The ear and hearing in Bipes biporus.

The ear and hearing in Bipes biporus. The sound conduction system of Bipes biporus is unusual among amphisbaenians, in that the columella does not have a catilaginous or bony extra-columella passing laterally to the labial skin. Instead, the terminal disk of the columella ends in fibrous tissue beneath a deep fold of skin forming the nuchal constriction. The occurrence of an epihyal supports earlier suggestions that the amphisbaenian extracolumella may be homologous to the epihyal. Measurements of cochlear potentials, made by direction of the sound stimuli to the region of the head posteroventral to the quadrate bone, show that Bipes biporus ranks high among amphisbaenians in auditory sensitivity.


Influence of valinomycin on circadian leaf movements of Phaseolus. Phaseolus coccineus was exposed to valinomycin via the transpiration stream for 5-hr periods. The treatment started at various phases of the free-running circadian rhythm in continuous light; it resulted in phase shifts that varied in a manner dependent on the affected phases. The response curves are similar to those for transient withdrawal of water and for light pulses. The results support the hypothesis that membrane processes are important pacemakers in circadian rhythms.


Circadian surfaces and the diversity of possible roles of circadian organization in photoperiodic induction. It is an established fact that circadian rhythmicity is often somehow involved in the physiology of photoperiodic induction. It is shown, however, that there are three possible ways in which such rhythmicity could be involved. For the most part available data are inadequate to discriminate among these three roles, only one of which is covered by "Bünning's Hypothesis." Emphasis is given to a previously ignored possibility in which circadian organization is involved in photoperiodism"ut not as the clock responsible for the time-measurement. The meaning of circadian surfaces and their bearing on the interpretation of a widely used experimental protocol is developed.


Circadian control of larval growth rate in Sarcophaga argyrostoma. Larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga argyrostoma, were reared in a range of environmental light cycles with periods from 21 to 72 hr, and containing either 12, 14, or 16 hr of white light. The mean length of larval development varied cyclically with the period of the driving light cycle. Protracted development occurred when the larvae were "driven" by light cycles containing a "short day" (12 hr of light) at periods close to their natural circadian frequency (about 24 hr) or multiples thereof. More rapid development occurred when the larvae were "driven" by 24-hr light cycles containing a "long day" (14 or 16 hr of light), or at periods far from their natural frequency (e.g., 36 or 60 hr).


Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in sound and carious human dentine.


A chromatographic and histochemical study of nonspecific esterases in human carious dentine.


Histochemical demonstration of various dehydrogenases in human carious dentine.


Ultrastructural injury following x-irradiation of rat parotid gland acinar cells.


Fluoride complexes in drinking water.

Fluoride complexes in drinking water.


The effects of transection of the glossopharyngeal nerve on the taste buds of the circumvallate papilla of the rat.


A method for the biochemical study of enzymes in the rat odontoblast layer during dentinogenesis.


The use of lateral skull radiographs for cephalometric assessment.


Arylaminopeptidase activities in bovine dental pulp.


A technique for the division of the condylar neck of the mandible.


Chordoma, masquerading as a depressed fracture of the zygoma.


Cephalometry in the surgical correction of prognathism.


Mixed salivary levels of clindamycin following single dose oral administration.


Ankylosis of the coronoid to the zygomatic bone.


The applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space.


Mirror-image unilateral condylar hyperplasia.


Verrucous carcinoma of the mouth.

Verrucous carcinoma of the mouth.


Myxoma of the mandible with a 35 year follow-up.


Pemphigus vulgaris: cytodiagnosis of the oral lesion.


Osteoma of the maxillary antrum.

Osteoma of the maxillary antrum.


Electromyographic activities of jaw muscles before and after condylectomy.


An impacted mandibular fracture.

An impacted mandibular fracture.


Oral neurilemmoma.

Oral neurilemmoma.


The modulus of elasticity of dental ceramics.


A guide to the use of a composite restorative material.


Observations on Bennett movement.

Observations on Bennett movement.


The loss of teeth in dentate populations.


The challenge of facial deformity.

The challenge of facial deformity.


Characteristics of supernumerary teeth in the primary and permanent dentition.


The distribution of overjet and overbite in English children 11-12 years.


Periapical response to N2 and other paraformaldehyde compounds confined within or extruded beyond the apices of dog root canals.


Loss of permanent teeth in dentate persons from fluoride and non-fluoride populations: practitioner and survey data compared.


Anterior retention in the removable appliance.


The problem of replacement of the upper lateral incisor in the young patient.


A study of the form of delusion.

A study of the form of delusion.


Radiologic calcification of the aorta. Its incidence and clinical significance.


Studies of pollen allergy. I. A field study of respiratory allergy plants in the Taipei area.


Conduction disturbances in acute myocardial infarction.


Post-traumatic intracranial meningioma. A case report.


Effects of an unusually large amount of intravenous lidocaine.


Inadvertent chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication in a teenage girl.


Epidural hematoma. Correlations in traumatology.


The role of the R.A.F. dental branch in major aircraft accident investigation.


Passage of ureteral concretions. A clinical and experimental study on the role of different therapeutic methods and urinary tract infection on the passage of ureteral concretions.


The training of dental technicians in the Royal Air Force.


Preventive dentistry at service schools in Gibraltar.


The Headquarters and Training Centre, Royal Army Dental Corps.


General practice organisation in the Royal Navy.


Specialisation in the Royal Army Dental corps.


Preventive dentistry in the Royal Air Force.


Clinical presentation of acute abdomen: study of 600 patients. This paper presents the clinical features of 600 patients suffering from abdominal pain of acute onset and admitted to either the General Infirmary or St. James's Hospital, Leeds. The survey was initially retrospective, but later put on a prospective basis. Roughly two-thirds of these 600 patients presented a "typical" picture of the disease with which they presented, while the remaining third presented one or more atypical features. Since other prospective studies have indicated that the diagnostic accuracy of a group of clinicians in respect of the acute abdomen is roughly 65% it is tentatively suggested (a) that clinical diagnosis contains a large element of "pattern-matching," and (b) that such a policy can be expected to be ineffective in roughly one-third of all cases of acute abdominal pain.


Genetics.

Genetics.


Effect of x-rays on nuclear and cytoplasmic protein synthesis in L5178Y-S cells: differential inhibition.


Conditions associated with erythema nodosum.


Chronicity of mammary carcinoma.

Chronicity of mammary carcinoma.


Naloxone reversal of methadone poisoning.


Repeated febrille illness and specific granulomas.


Recurrent dissecting aneurysm of aorta.

Recurrent dissecting aneurysm of aorta.


Subphrenic hematoma. Late complication of traumatic rupture of spleen.


Partial intestinal obstruction due to peritoneal mesothelioma in chronic asbestos exposure.


Bilateral adrenal carcinoma treated surgically.


Hepatotoxicity due to methylphenidate hydrochloride.


Childhood hypophosphatasia. Clinical and cytogenetic studies.


Let George do it.

Let George do it.


"Let no man put asunder".

"Let no man put asunder".


Search for drugs from the sea.

Search for drugs from the sea.


Renal trauma in children. Diagnostic work-up and management.


Americium contamination incident.

Americium contamination incident.


Cardiac neurilemoma.

Cardiac neurilemoma.


Public hearing on hospital staff privileges.


Electrocardiography: arrhythmia.

Electrocardiography: arrhythmia.


The beginning: the end.

The beginning: the end.


The abortion issue.

The abortion issue.


Analysis of an extensive athletic knee injury.


The house of medicine.

The house of medicine.


Digitalis toxicity.

Digitalis toxicity.


Who cared about Tony?

Who cared about Tony?


The psychopathology of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.


The gold pass-through.

The gold pass-through.


Association advertising policy.

Association advertising policy.


Forensic dentistry.

Forensic dentistry.


Case of self-hypnosis.

Case of self-hypnosis.


Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature. Council on Dental Care Programs.


Involved in mankind: a survey of some aspects of international dentistry.


Simplified and standardized intraoral radiography with reduced tissue irradiation.


Pont's index and dental arch form.

Pont's index and dental arch form.


Patient motivation: a new challenge to the dental profession for effective control of plaque.


Effect of self-threading pins.

Effect of self-threading pins.


Foreign bodies in root canals: report of two cases.


Survey of the dental laboratory industry, 1971. 3. Some business policies and practices. Bureau of Economic Research and Statistics.


Reimpaction of deciduous tooth: report of a case.


1971 survey of dental practice. XI. Procedures followed in the use of radiographic equipment. Bureau of Economic Research and Statistics.


Status report on amalgamators and mercury-alloy proportioners and disposable capsules. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


Hind quarter amputation.

Hind quarter amputation.


Some integrative effects of certain "irrational" behaviors.


Critical events in life histories.

Critical events in life histories.


Paradoxes of consonance: a structural view.


Experimental studies of "meaning" through integration.


The emergence of integrative patterns of form and function during development and change: a holistic view.


The emergence of biological and behavioral patterns.


Integrative behavior of identifiable interneurons.


Influence of age, ovariectomy and submandibular-sublingual sialoadenectomy on submandibular gland metabolism in sexually mature and immature female rats.


In vivo cerebral implantation of the anterior and posterior halves of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in rats.


Ascorbic acid status in man: measurements of salivary, plasma and white blood cell concentration.


Diencephalic influences on the jaw opening reflex in the cat.


Dental arch growth in the gorilla, chimpanzee and orang-utan.


Sex differences in the autoradiographic pattern of ( 125 I)iodide uptake in mouse submandibular salivary gland.


Gingivitis and gingival recession in adults from high-fluoride and low-fluoride areas.


A multivariate analysis of pulpal responses of bilateral intact human teeth.


The effect of preventing eruption on the proliferative basal tissues of the rat lower incisor.


Effect of fluoride dosage on human parotid saliva fluoride levels.


The influence of previous stimulation and the day of the week on the concentrations of protein and the main electrolytes in human parotid saliva.


The predominant cultivable flora of tooth surface plaque removed from institutionalized subjects.


A minor salivary gland in human gingiva.


Nutritional requirements of Streptococcus sanguis.


On the function of granular tubules in rodent submandibular glands: histochemical observations on Octodon degas.


Lipopolysaccharide-diphosphonate interaction on bone in tissue culture.


Respiratory disease in a colony of rats. II. Isolation of Mycoplasma pulmonis from the natural disease, and the experimental disease induced with a cloned culture of this organism. Mycoplasma pulmonis was isolated from the pneumonic lung of a rat. Two groups of mycoplasma-free rats were inoculated, one with a culture of the M. pulmonis strain which had been cloned four times (group A) and the other with a lung homogenate of the rat from which the strain had been isolated (group B). A third group (C) consisted of uninoculated control animals. Each group was kept in strict isolation and allowed to breed so that the progeny was naturally exposed to any pathogens present in the inoculated animals. After different periods of exposure, rats were autopsied, respiratory tracts and inner ears were cultured for mycoplasmas and bacteria, and sera were tested for complement-fixing antibodies to murine mycoplasmas.In group-A rats, M. pulmonis was consistently isolated from the inner ears or lungs from 50 to 715 days after exposure. Complement-fixing antibody to M. pulmonis was detected 20 days after inoculation, but in the naturally exposed progeny antibody took longer than 50 days to develop. Antibodies to the other known mycoplasmas of murine origin, M. arthritidis and M. neurolyticum, were never found. Purulent otitis interna was consistently found from day 55 onwards, while lung lesions were first observed at 85 days and persisted to 715 days. Pulmonary lesions developed more slowly in inoculated parents than in exposed progeny. Similar results were found in group-B rats, which were examined up to 441 days after inoculation. Uninoculated group-C rats were examined up to 768 days of age, but M. pulmonis was not recovered; of the 54 animals whose serum was tested all were negative to the three species of mycoplasmas, except one which had a titre of 16 with M. pulmonis. Pneumonia, bronchiectasis or lymphoreticular hyperplasia were not seen in any of these control rats. Bacterial respiratory pathogens were not isolated from rats in any of the groups, nor was antibody to Sendai virus detected.The results suggest that M. pulmonis alone can cause pneumonia and bronchiectasis in rats since mechanical carry-over of another pathogen with the initial cloned inoculum is very unlikely and there was no evidence for the participation of any other rat pathogen. The respiratory disease induced by the cloned culture was comparable with that induced by the lung homogenate, and with the well-known syndrome of chronic respiratory disease and bronchiectasis in the rat.


The nature of the toxic reaction of influenza virus towards lung tissue. The inoculation of large doses of unadapted influenza virus intranasally into mice results in the production of severe lung lesions. This toxic effect is a result of the entry of virus particles into the lung cells followed by uncoating of the virus ribonucleic acid.The toxic property of the virus is destroyed by procedures which destroy or modify the nucleic acid such as exposure to monochromatic UV light of wavelength 2537 A, or treatment with hydroxylamine or Bayer A139. Reagents acting on amino groups are particularly effective as they react with the nucleic acid and probably also interfere with penetration of virus into the cell.Toxicity is also destroyed by mercurials which probably prevent uncoating of the nucleic acid by union with disulphide bonds, and by oxidizing agents such as iodine, permanganate, osmic acid and hydrogen peroxide under condition which suggest possible action on some constituent of the virus containing methionine.The toxic effect produced by the inoculation of large doses of unadapted virus intranasally in mice is associated with the occurrence of an incomplete growth cycle in which there is full production of RNP antigen but no production of haemagglutinin or infective virus.


Chemical closet treatment of typhoid carrier faeces. An investigation to test the efficiency of chemical closets in treating excreta from typhoid carriers is described. The use of these closets kept a stream, which had in the past frequently contained Salmonella typhi, typhoid free for 24 months. Selenite broth as made in this laboratory, containing a final concentration of 0.8% sodium hydrogen selenite when inoculated with the water sample, was significantly better than commercial selenite brilliant green enrichment broth for the recovery of S. typhi.


A method for predicting proportions of affected herds from proportions of affected animals. The frequency of herds affected with 13 different diseases is shown to bear a simple relationship to the frequency of affected animals. The relationship seems to be useful for predicting proportions of affected herds.


Rabies vaccines and interferon.

Rabies vaccines and interferon. Samples of Fermi, Semple, modified Semple, Duck embryo and tissue culture rabies vaccine were inoculated by different routes and in different doses into rabbits, mice and hamsters. The vaccines induced neither detectable interferon nor immediate protection against lethal challenge with CVS rabies virus.Under similar conditions, high but transient levels of interferon were induced in control animals of the same species with the polynucleotide complex Poly I.C. Hamsters but not mice were protected by Poly I.C.-induced interferon.No autointerference by vaccine with challenge virus was established. Vaccine-induced protection in mice was directly related to immune response.


Protection of T4 bacteriophage against inactivation during freezing and thawing by addition of peptides. Peptides of rabbit globin produced by tryptic digestion, were found to be highly protective against inactivation of freeze-thawed T4 phage. In concentrations of about 10(-3) M the peptides protected the phage against inactivation by both concentrated NaBr in the unfrozen aqueous phase and the eutectic phase change.Fractionation of the peptides by G25 Sephadex showed that peptide concentration rather than peptide size was the more important factor in determining the degree of protection of the phage by electrolyte effects. In contrast, protection against eutectic injury was strongly dependent on peptide size.Possible mechanisms of action of the protective peptides are discussed.


Osmotic injury in rapidly thawed T4 bacteriophage. Osmotic injury in frozen-thawed T4 phage was caused by the sudden and large fall in the electrolyte concentration of the unfrozen aqueous phase during rapid thawing of frozen samples. In accordance with the classical interpretation of osmotic shock it was found that DNA was quantitatively liberated from T4 phage inactivated by the osmotic injury of rapid thawing.The degree of inactivation of osmotically shocked T4 phage was temperature dependent, being much increased by lowering the temperature, but was independant of the pH of the suspending medium. The T4Bo osmotic shock-resistant phage was refractory to the osmotic injury of rapid thawing.


Antibody responses and resistance to challenge in volunteers vaccinated with live attenuated, detergent split and oil adjuvant A2-Hong Kong-68 (H 3 N 2 ) influenza vaccines. A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines. Forty-nine subjects were vaccinated with either live attenuated, detergent split, or oil adjuvant A2/Hong Kong influenza vaccines, or a saline influenza B vaccine as control. Respiratory symptoms occurred more frequently in subjects who received the live vaccine but in total there was little difference between the symptoms in the four groups. Antibody titres in nasal washings and serum were measured by haemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition and virus neutralization tests. The oil adjuvant vaccine stimulated larger antibody responses than the other procedures. Six weeks after vaccination the volunteers were challenged with partially attenuated live A2/Hong Kong influenza virus administered intranasally. The live attenuated and oil adjuvant vaccines provided the best protection against challenge.


Isolation for the control of infection in skin wards. An isolation policy in a hospital for skin diseases is reported. Patients carrying penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant organisms were to be isolated in single rooms, though barrier nursing was not practised. The policy failed because the single beds rapidly became blocked with long-stay patients and because even in a single-bed unit patients acquired staphylococci within 3-7 days of admission. Patients with skin diseases often do not feel ;ill' and resent isolation.


The production of mastitis in cows by the intramammary inoculation of T-mycoplasmas. Six milking cows were inoculated with bovine and human T-mycoplasmas and control materials into the udder via the teat canal. Control materials produced only a slight transient cell response in the milk. Bovine T-mycoplasmas produced clinical mastitis in nine out of ten quarters inoculated. Seven developed clinical mastitis together with visible changes in the milk, excretion of T-mycoplasmas and greatly increased cell counts in the milk. In three of these quarters, in two different cows, milk secretion ceased completely. Two quarters in a different cow showed visible milk changes, excretion of T-mycoplasmas and increased cell counts. Two quarters were inoculated with human T-mycoplasmas and neither produced any signs of mastitis.Infection of the udder with T-mycoplasmas did not stimulate high-titre serum antibody levels as measured by the metabolic inhibition test, but whey samples gave high titres in two of the cows that were able to control and resolve the infection.


Simulated human skin scales.

Simulated human skin scales. Human skin scales which have been shed naturally bear a flora of microorganisms which is unknown until tested. To replace these scales in a study of the micro-environment of both the human body and of models a method has been devised of making synthetic scales which behave both physically and aerodynamically in a similar way to the natural material. The synthetic materials carry no natural flora and it is possible to include in them test markers of several kinds to assist in identification after dispersion.


L-asparaginase and immune reactions.

L-asparaginase and immune reactions.


Induced polyploidy in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and its hybrid with the flounder (Platichthys flesus).


Spot-distribution in Maniola jurtina: Tuscan Archipelago, 1968-170.


Disturbed linkage. I. Partial manifestation and differential viability at the same locus in backcross data.


The principal component analysis of genotype-environmental interactions and physical measures of the environment.


Laser photocoagulation and diabetic retinopathy.


The effect of intrauterine copper on the DNA-content in isolated human endometrial cells.


Presidential address.

Presidential address.


Studies on lung-model ventilation with the Engström respirator. Effect of various airway resistances and respirator settings.


Agglutination of leukemic myeloblasts by neuraminidase.


A syndrome of multiple tics, myoclonic jerks, dystonia and vocal utterances.


Ethnic isolation and the bilingual patient.


Histopathology of granulomatous diseases of the chest.


The physiologic basis of training and conditioning of athletes.


Common anorectal problems. A guide to office treatment.


Talking pictures for patient contact.

Talking pictures for patient contact.


Multiple myeloma with myeloid metaplasia.


Eye health screening: medical society's experience.


The effects of peripheral and central nervous influences on gastric centre neuronal activity in sheep. 1. Responses of identified vagal reticulo-ruminal motoneurones and gastric centre interneurones to changes in vagal afferent activity were examined in anaesthetized, decerebellate sheep.2. Procedures which reflexly modified the form of forestomach movements caused corresponding changes in the activities of motoneurones and Type A interneurones, whereas the activity patterns of Type B, and many Type C, interneurones were not affected.3. Distension of the pyloric region of the abomasum reduced the number of spikes in the periodic discharges of gastric centre neurones (motoneurones and Type A interneurones) with reticular activity, although the frequency of periods of activity was often increased. The afferent pathway for both effects was probably vagal.4. Unilateral vagotomy usually had little effect on the frequency and amplitude of forestomach movements, and did not influence the temporal relation between ipsilateral gastric centre discharges and the movements.5. Median division of the medulla oblongata only in the region between the gastric centres caused a loss of synchronization in the activities of the two centres, indicating the existence of commissural connexions at this level.6. Bilateral vagotomy abolished forestomach movements and motoneuronal activity, but rhythmic activity in gastric centre interneurones continued with a periodicity of approximately 1 min. This persisting periodic activity was unaffected by spinal section, but was not present after transection of the brain stem rostral to the medulla.7. Cyclical gastric centre activity could be elicited by reticular distension in preparations in which the medulla oblongata was isolated from higher regions of the brain, but, in contrast to many sheep in which the brain stem was intact, the existence of the activity was totally dependent upon peripheral afferent activity.8. The evidence indicates that medullary neurones responsible for periodic activation of vagal preganglionic reticulo-ruminal motoneurones may be excited by either or by both vagal afferent fibres from the fore-stomach or by descending, as yet unidentified, influences from the central nervous system.9. Possible roles for gastric centre interneurones in neural networks which control the periodic activation of motoneurones and which control the form of individual activity cycles are discussed.


The possibility that noradrenaline is a sympatho-inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord.


The convulsive action of catechol in the anesthetized rat.


The microtubules of leukaemic Rieder cells: an ultrastructural study.


Disturbed myelocyte proliferation in acute leukaemia.


Anatomic and pathologic rationale for surgery of the coronary arteries.


Evaluation of the patient: pre- and postoperatively.


Approaches to assessment of the efficacy of surgical revascularization.


Natural history of coronary artery disease.


Surgical techniques of myocardial revascularization: an overview.


The effect of histamine on the plasma potassium level and electrocardiogram of dogs.


Qualitative and quantitative report on chlorpromazine and metabolites in plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte washings from chronically medicated schizophrenic patients.


Nomogram for estimation of mean arterial pressure.


Glycosidases of human and animal aortas.