Identification of discrete polyadenylate-containing RNA components transcribed from HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sedimentation analysis under denaturing conditions of poly(A)-containing RNA from the polysome region of the sedimentation pattern of a HeLa-cell mitochondrial lysate has revealed the occurrence of a discrete RNA component, which sediments in the native state with a sedimentation constant of about 7 S. From the sedimentation behavior under native and denaturing conditions and the poly(A) content, a molecular weight of about 9 x 10(4) has been estimated for this component. RNA.DNA hybridization experiments have indicated that this component is coded for by the light strand of mitochondrial DNA. Evidence for the occurrence of a poly(A)-containing RNA component sedimenting at about 9 S and coded for by the heavy strand has also been obtained.


Multiple forms of DNA polymerase in mouse myeloma. FIVE DISTINCT FORMS OF DNA POLYMERASE (DEOXYNUCLEOSIDETRIPHOSPHATE: DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) were separated from extracts of mouse myeloma MOPC-104E using a fractionation procedure based upon sequential ion-exchange column chromatography. The enzymes were characterized according to sedimentation behavior, subcellular localization, chromatographic behavior on hydroxyapatite columns, and reaction properties. The results indicate that myeloma contains two enzymes that appear to correspond to well characterized DNA polymerases found in many other mammalian tissues, a 6S DNA polymerase localized in the cytoplasmic supernatant fraction, and a lower molecular weight (2-3S) DNA polymerase. Also present were a second 6S DNA polymerase localized exclusively in the nuclear fraction and a 6-8S DNA polymerase localized in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. The enzyme in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction, which accounted for the predominant activity in the myeloma, was active with poly(rA).(dT)(12-18) as template-primer, but not with activated calf thymus DNA. The detection of this distinct 6-8S membrane-bound DNA polymerase is of particular interest.


Electron microscopic observations of malignant dyskeratosis in leukoplakia and bowen's disease.


Mitochondrial membrane potential: evidence from studies with a fluorescent probe. The fluorescence of the probe 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine (CC(6)) has been found to indicate potential across cell membranes. Results obtained in the present study using CC(6) and Drosophila mitochondria are in agreement with membrane potentials previously measured by Tupper and Tedeschi using microelectrodes. The results of both studies with Drosophila suggest that the potential across the mitochondrial membrane does not play a significant role in oxidative phosphorylation.


Electron microscopic studies of dynamics of pigmentary incontinence in human albino hairs.


Electron microscopic studies of mast cell degranulation.


Phagocytosis of developmental macrophages. Ultrastructure of phagocytosis of iron-dextran by macrophages in developmental skin of mice.


Ultrastructure study on the alteration in the keratinocytes after TMP application and UV exposure.


Subcellular changes in keratin and granular cells of keratin-stripped and psoriatic epidermis revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative analysis.


Epidermal lysosome and the degradation of melanosomes.


Rating of the exposure to styrene of persons working at the production of polyesteric laminates.


Estimation of the professional exposure of persons employed at reloading of aluminium oxide. II.


The light at welders' work-places.

The light at welders' work-places.


A case of symptomatic polyglobulia in the pneumoconiosis of electrical welders.


Analysis of cases of mental disturbances in the light of present regulations and rulings of the Medical Appeal Board in years 1971-1972.


Clinical picture of the "zinc fever" (observation of 43 patients).


Occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer among seamen of the Polish Merchant Marine.


The organization of health service for seafarers in Poland.


The occupational health service for the port of Rotterdam (O.H.S.).


The influence of time pauses upon the threshold of feeling vibration by people working with pneumatic tools.


Treatment of intestinal parasitic infections with levamisole and mebendazole.


Maxillomandibular relations and aspects of occlusion.


Mandibular leverage and occlusion.

Mandibular leverage and occlusion.


Occlusion and periodontal disease: new light on an old problem.


Study of surface characteristics of natural teeth and restorations adjacent to gingivae.


Method for measuring impression deformations with a modified photoelastic coating technique.


Scanning analysis of a dual-alloy restoration.


Denture relining or rebasing with a fluid resin.


Letter: Overdenture.

Letter: Overdenture.


X-ray film of the month.

X-ray film of the month.


President's pages.

President's pages.


The emerging speciality of the emergency department physician.


The future role of dental auxiliary personnel.


Future goals of orthodontic research.

Future goals of orthodontic research.


An analysis of latencies and prediction in the fusional vergence system.


Orientation of test-object affects visibility throughout visual field.


The Poggendorff illusion among paranoid and simple schizophrenic patients.


Can a "hard" contact lens material transmit adequate oxygen?


Iseikonic considerations for today's eyewear.


The Griffin lens.

The Griffin lens.


Juvenile glaucoma: its incidence and detection, case studies.


Defining optometric clinical service delivery models in a public health context.


Abnormal differentiation of leukemic cells in vitro.


Therapy of adult acute leukemia with daunorubicin and L-asparaginase.


Granulopoiesis in childhood leukemia.

Granulopoiesis in childhood leukemia.


Clinical implications of aneuploid cytogenetic profiles in adult acute leukemia.


The incidence of central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute leukemia.


Effect of tantalum additions to a cobalt-chromium-nickel base alloy.


Effect of fluoride on eruption rates of rat incisors.


Characterization of bacteria isolated from human root surface carious lesions.


Effect of tetracycline on norethynodrel- and mestranol-induced dental caries in rats.


Improved method of neutron activation analysis for microleakage studies.


Spiramycin excretion in animals. 3. A single oral dose in dogs.


Effects of proteolytic enzymes on posteruptive maturation, remineralization, and the caries-preventive effects of fluoride in rats.


An epidemiologic study of dental caries in preschool children in the United States by race and socioeconomic level.


A new dental superalloy system. VI. Heat treatment.


Penetration of commercial and dental waxes.


Influence of cereal incorporation in a caries-producing diet on caries activity in rats.


Sex differences in the chronology of deciduous tooth emergence in white and black children.


Effect of sodium fluoride on LS cells.

Effect of sodium fluoride on LS cells.


Influence of ingested food particle size on body weight of rats.


Enamel dissolution in a weak acid containing 0.05, 0.5, or 5.0 mM sodium fluoride.


Production of levan and dextran in plaque in vivo.


Effect of removal of the temporal muscle on the coronoid process in guinea pigs: quantitative triple fluorochrome study.


Detection of local changes of mineral metabolism within the jaws of rabbits by bone scanning.


Electroetching of dental amalgam.

Electroetching of dental amalgam.


Cytogenetic analysis of siamese cats with cleft palate.


An in vitro assay to measure early calcium loss from surface enamel.


Monitoring of the high risk pregnancy. II. Intrapartum.


Monitoring of the high risk pregnancy. I. Antepartum.


Impact of maternal nutritional deficiency on the fetus.


Letter: Osteomyelitis following fixation of a mandibular fracture with biphasic pins.


Editorial: The challenge of oral cancer.


Causes of perinatal mortality in twins.

Causes of perinatal mortality in twins.


Current unsolved problems in shock.

Current unsolved problems in shock.


Setting characteristics of anterior restorative materials.


The ramus "C" osteotomy with body sagittal split.


Clinical Conference: Case 6. Part 1.

Clinical Conference: Case 6. Part 1.


Assessment of head injuries.

Assessment of head injuries.


Acute alcoholism and craniofacial trauma: a problem of differential diagnosis.


Prosthetic rehabilitation after resection of the maxilla for ameloblastoma: report of case.


Cementifying fibroma of the mandible: report of case.


Fatal postextraction cerebral mucormycosis in an unknown diabetic.


Atypical trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis.


Autologous blood transfusion for oral surgery.


Management of multiple mandibular fractures in an infant.


Central hemangiomas of the jaws.

Central hemangiomas of the jaws.


Condylar reconstruction: treatment planning.


Traumatic false aneurysm of the facial artery: report of case.


Central mandibular hemangioma. Report of a case.


A false aneurysm of the facial artery as a complication of circumferential wiring.


Error in the photogrammetric determination of volume of small objects.


Odontogenic keratocyst. Report of a case.


Proceedings: The American Academy of Oral Pathology annual meeting-1973.


Orthodontic treatment during intermaxillary immobilization period following surgical correction of prognathism.


The rabbit: an in vitro model to study the molecular events associated with palate fusion.


Anatomy of salivary glands in C3H mice.

Anatomy of salivary glands in C3H mice.


The growth of epithelium, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells on human and experimental dental pulp polyps.


Influence of internal stress of the strength of a cold-cured acrylic resin.


Comments on an empirical study of the causes of dental fears.


Osteochondroma of the mandible.

Osteochondroma of the mandible.


Controlled test of the analgesic and relaxant properties of nitrous oxide.


Amylase activity of bacterial origin from human dental plaque.


Experimental allergic sialoadenitis. II. Induction of acute sialoadenitis in rats by locally administered basement membrane antibodies.


Function of pointed premolars in Phenacolemur and other mammals.


The "tooth and nail" type of autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia.


Oral metastasis of retinoblastoma.

Oral metastasis of retinoblastoma.


American Board of Endodontics sets new procedures.


Adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma of vermilion mucosa of lower lip.


A comparative evaluation of polycarboxylate cement as a root-canal sealer utilizing roughened and nonroughened silver points.


Energy and angle dependence of calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimetry systems.


Periapical osteofibrosis in a 14-year-old girl. Report of a case.


Ectopic salivary gland.

Ectopic salivary gland.


Mandibular cyst and supernumerary premolars.


Regional cooperation in continuing education.


Adult renal polycystic disease in the juvenile patient demonstrated by nephrotomography.


President's page.

President's page.


The assessment of myocardial infarction with serum enzyme determinations.


Clinicopathological conference: Constipation in infancy.


Acquired arteriovenous fistula following traumatic amputation of the right arm. (Report of a case).


The family physician.

The family physician.


Experimental Ascaris suum infection in piglets. Inverse relationship between the numbers of inoculated eggs and the numbers of worms established in the intestine.


Occurrence of ochratoxin A and citrinin in cereals associated with mycotoxic porcine nephropathy.


The balsam of Tolu agglutination test (BTA-test). I. A new tool for detection of antibodies to saline soluble antigen, with special reference to thyroid antibodies.


DNA repair synthesis in mouse P-388 cells treated with mitomycin C.


A rubella haemagglutination inhibitor simulating antibody.


Delayed hypersensitivity and arteriosclerosis in man.


Sensitivity to normal brain antigens of blood lymphocytes from patients with gliomas.


Raised levels of immunoglobulins in serum of hypertensive patients.


Effect of standard bacterial vaccine on influenza virus infection and interferon production in germfree mice.


Antibody stimulation in individuals without demonstrable poliovirus antibodies following a fifth injection of inactivated poliovirus vaccine.


1gE serum levels in leprosy.

1gE serum levels in leprosy.


Nutrition and preventive dentistry.

Nutrition and preventive dentistry.


The dextrocardias. A review and a report of 26 cases, emphasizing electrocardiographic & vectorcardiographic aspects. I.


Pulmonary manifestations in leukemia.

Pulmonary manifestations in leukemia.


Multiple sclerosis in Puerto Rico (experience at the University Hospital). I. Review of a series of cases.


The management of acute scrotal swelling in children and young adults.


The dextrocardias. A review and a report of 26 cases, emphasizing electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic aspects. II.


Alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations during simulated breathing through a T-piece. Effect of breathing pattern, fresh gas flow, and reservoir volume.


Post graduate medicine in Puerto Rico (a refresher course).


Transtracheal ventilation during anesthesia.


Hyperbilirubinemia not due to hemolytic disease of newborn.


Treatment of drug resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease.


Adaptation of the Bird Mark 8 respirator for pediatric anesthesia.


Gentamicin: a clinical study.

Gentamicin: a clinical study.


Long term results of intermittent steroid treatment in the adult nephrotic syndrome.


Social implications of genetic engineering.


A marker chromosome abnormality. Occurrence in chloramphenicol-associated acute leukemia.


Induction of tumors involving bone in beagles fed toxic levels of strontium 90.


Cavitary fungus disease of the lungs.

Cavitary fungus disease of the lungs.


Metastatic spread of osteosarcoma.

Metastatic spread of osteosarcoma. A study is presented of the rate of metastatic spread of osteosarcoma. The series consists of 123 tumours in long bones and 26 elsewhere in the skeleton. All tumours occurred in otherwise normal bones and were histologically proven. With a few stated exceptions all the cases were consecutively registered.Both the mean disease-free interval from the time of starting treatment and the crude survival curves are given. The long bone cases are analysed by groups according to the method of treatment, the patient's sex, age and tumour site. There were too few tumours of all other sites to warrant this discriminative treatment. Whilst the results of surgical treatment are better than for radiotherapy or a combined technique, the differences are not statistically significant and the information is recorded primarily to assist the evaluation of new forms of treatment of occult and overt metastases. Some problems in connection with such clinical trials are discussed briefly.


Constrictive pericarditis. Experience over 12 years at the National Taiwan University Hospital.


The clinical significance of the indirect haemagglutination test for amebiasis in Taiwan.


Biological activities of allergenic materials. II. Salt precipitation of antisera from rabbits immunized with soybean antigen.


Pleuropulmonary complications of amebiasis in Taiwan.


Isolation and identification of a toxic hydrophilic metabolite from the culture broth of Penicillium sp. 171.


Amino acid activation in brain. Relative activities and some properties of amino acid activating enzymes from buffalo brain.


Editorial: Attitude towards the ageing.

Editorial: Attitude towards the ageing.


Different toxidynamic aspects of organophosphate poisoning.


The incidence of kidney disease in two hundred necropsies.


Report on four cases of trisomy 18 syndrome.


Effects of whole-body x-irradiation on lipid peroxide formation of isolated microsomes and 9000 g supernatant fraction of rat liver.


Hong Kong Treatment Services-Royal Postgraduate Medical School-British Medical Research Council Co-operative study of rifampicin plus ethambutol in daily and intermittent regimens. Correlation between the presence of rifampicin-dependent antibodies and the clinical data.


Hong Kong Treatment Services-Royal Postgraduate Medical School-British Medical Research Council Co-operative study of rifampicin plus ethambutol in daily and intermittent regimens. Clinical observations on adverse reactions.


The intermittent chemotherapy of tuberculosis with rifampicin regimens on ambulatory basis.


Side effects observed during intermittent rifampicin therapy.


A trial of intermittent rifampicin and ethambutol in retreatment regimens.


Intermittent rifampicin treatment of tuberculosis.


Side effects during intermittent rifampicin and ethambutol treatment. A preliminary report.


Therapeutic effects and side effects of rifampicin administered daily or twice-weekly.


Acute renal failure after rifampicin therapy.


Clinical aspects of side effects on intermittent rifampicin regimen.


Inhibition of the immune response in vitro by rifampicin and derivatives.


Preliminary data on immunological experiments with rifamycin conjugates.


Protein binding of rifampicin. A review.


Protein binding of rifampicin to different individual sera.


Detection of rifampicin binding immunoglobulins.


Hong Kong Treatment Services-Royal Postgraduate Medical School-British Medical Research Council Co-operative study of rifampicin plus ethambutol in daily and intermittent regimens. Observations on antibody reaction scores on individual patients.


Haematological changes during intermittent treatment with rifampicin.


Rifampicin-dependent antibodies in twice-weekly treated patients.


Inter-examiner reproducibility of the lingual ascorbic acid test.


In depth dental examination.

In depth dental examination.


Granulopoiesis and cell kinetics inchronic myeloid leukaemia.


The assessment and specificity of environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability.


Assortative mating and intelligence: an analysis of pedigree data.


The genetics of Cepaea esterases. I. Cepaea nemoralis.


Atmospheric pollution and industrial melanism.


DNA synthesis in rye chromosomes.

DNA synthesis in rye chromosomes.


Haemoglobin patterns of second-generation hybrids between plaice and flounder.


The analysis of variation between and within genotypes and environments.


The significance of psychoanalytical methods in historiography.


Themes of family complementarity evident in individual psychological testing.


Jewish circumcision: a birth and initiation rite of passage.


The socio-cultural expressions and implications of death, mourning and bereavement arising out of the war situation in Israel.


Introduction to Desoille's methods of "guided day dream".


The symptomatology and diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.


Report on drugs, narcotic and dangerous.


Editorial: How are you going to keep 'em down on the farm?


Association has failed to communicate with the membership.


What the future may hold for auxiliaries.


Dental students planning to increase CDA organization.


Purchase vs. leasing. Thorne Gunn & Co. report.


Cancer of the mouth.

Cancer of the mouth.


Salivary tumours of the mouth.

Salivary tumours of the mouth.


Benign lesions simulating oral cancer.

Benign lesions simulating oral cancer.


Clinical features of oral cancer.

Clinical features of oral cancer.


The epidemiology of oral cancer.

The epidemiology of oral cancer.


Oral biopsies and cytological smears.

Oral biopsies and cytological smears.


Treatment and survival in oral cancer.

Treatment and survival in oral cancer.


White lesions of the oral mucosa.

White lesions of the oral mucosa.


Effect of oral hygiene on clearance of soluble chemotactic bacterial products from human saliva.


The effect of root roughness on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.


The relationship between the location of subgingival crown margins and gingival inflammation.


Treatment of desquamative gingivitis by surgery.


American Dental Association honors the American Board of Periodontology.


Methotrexate-induced bone pain in childhood leukemia.


Metal-catalyzed hydrogenations with competitive liquid phase reactions.


Editorial: You can help yourself.

Editorial: You can help yourself.


Address of Emil W. Lentchner, D.D.S. President-elect of the Dental Society of the State of New York.


The psychiatric view of the mouth.

The psychiatric view of the mouth.


You and your family dentist.

You and your family dentist.


News of the student body of Columbia. Status of the honor system.


Your old dental equipment can have a new lease on life in some poor country.


Trisomy 8 in acute myeloblastic leukemia and sideroachrestic anemia.


Ferritin in serum: diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron overload in infants and children.


An epidemiological study of hypertension.


Long-term study of relationships between blood pressure, age and body weight in steelmill workers.


Electrolytes, environment and blood pressure.


Sympathetic activity and essential hypertension.


Reversibility of baroreceptor adaptation in chronic hypertension.


Sympathetic activity in peripheral nerves of normo-and hypertensive subjects.


Cardiovascular responses to acute mental "stress" in spontaneously hypertensive rats.


The thymus of spontaneously hypertensive rats: light-and electron-microscopic studies.


Systemic haemodynamics in mild arterial hypertension before and after physical training.


The effect of oral diazoxide on hypertension and sodium excretion in chronic renal failure.


The natural history of hypertension with moderate impairment of renal function.


The effect of clonidine on plasma renin activity in human hypertension.


Complications in treated arterial hypertension.


Antihypertensive effect of spironolactone in essential, renal and mineralocorticoid hypertension.


The clearance of endogenous renin in the anhepatic anephric dog.


Blood pressure and ageing; results of a 15-17 year follow-up study in South Wales.


The vicious circle in acute malignant hypertension of rats.


A new urinary assay for separate normetanephrine and metanephrine with application for the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma.


Age-dependent changes of plasma renin concentration in humans.


Primary reninism: hypertension, hyperreninaemia and secondary aldosteronism due to juxtaglomerular renal cell tumours.


Renin suppression in hypertension in relation to body fluid volumes, patterns of sodium excretion and renal haemodynamics.


Increased plasma renin substrate concentrations in human malignant hypertension.


On the pathogenesis of the secondary hyperaldosteronism of the Bartter syndrome.


Ionic composition of arterial wall in experimental hypertension.


Prognosis in arteriosclerotic renovascular hypertension.


Divided renal and peripheral venous renin as a means of predicting operative curability of renal hypertension.


Renal prostaglandins: determinants of intrarenal distribution of blood flow in the dog.


The effect of chronic sodium loading and sodium restriction on plasma and renal concentrations of prostaglandin A in normal Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive Aoki rats.


Longitudinal change in blood pressure in individuals, families and social groups.


Early consequences of screening for hypertension in a community.


Genetic ecology of hypertension.

Genetic ecology of hypertension.


Results of medical versus surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.


Results of surgical treatment in comparison with medical treatment of renovascular hypertension.


Effect of high-salt, high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet on hypertension in the rat.


Letter: The Philadelphia or short Y chromosome.


The pulmonary macrophage in acute leukemia.


Stabilometer trial length as a function of performance.


Effects of group social structure on the success of basketball teams.


Attitudes toward physical activity of delinquent and nondelinquent junior high school age girls.


Speed of movement with varying footwear conditions on synthetic turf and natural grass.


Effects of daily physical exercise on the psychiatric state of institutionalized geriatric mental patients.


Effect of achievement motivation and social environment on risk taking.


An analysis of gymnastic performance under conditions of practice and spectator observation.


Method for biomechanical analysis of human performance.


Electromyographic analysis of patterns used to reproduce muscular tension.


A statistical model for baseball standings.


Relationship between running performance and predicted maximun oxygen uptake among divergent ability groups.


Measuring leg force-output capacity with an isokinetic dynamometer-bicycle ergometer.


Theory of carcinogenic activity of aromatic hydrocarbons.


Classification of initial leukemic changes in rats fed N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide.


An evaluation of dentofacial changes accompanying scoliosis therapy with a modified Milwaukee brace.


Decrowding during eruption under the screening influence of vestibular shields.


Flap design in exposing unerupted teeth.


Eosinophilic leukaemia--recovery of mycoplasma orale from the bone marrow.


Editorial: The professional man's future under HMOs and PSROs.


President's page: opening remarks before the AAO Health Care Workshop.


Editorial: A favorable trend: participation by the younger orthodontist.


Letter: Treatment planning in maxillary prognathism.


Use of apparatus for anestheization and artificial respiration in pressure chambers.


Clinical use of the RO-6 anesthetizing-respirator apparatus.


Production of anesthetic and electromedical equipment at the "Krasnogvardeets" Leningrad Trust and introduction of new technological processes.


Technical aspects of the use of the asynchronous method of artificial respiration.


The "Faza" artificial respirator.

The "Faza" artificial respirator.


Survival and the HL-A system in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The relation between the HL-A antigens and survival has been studied in 58 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Patients with the HL-A9 antigen had the best estimated median survival times, the highest ratio of survivors to non-survivors, and the lowest median age at diagnosis. The data suggest that resistance to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia may be associated with the HL-A9 antigen.


A field study of some swimming-pool waters with regard to bacteria, available chlorine and redox potential. The waters of one indoor bath and three outdoor baths were examined once an hour during 3 days (bath 1) or 6 days, for available chlorine, redox potential, permanganate number, ammonium, nitrate and total nitrogen, total bacterial count at 22 degrees C., total bacterial count at 37 degrees C. and faecal coliform bacteria. The weather, number of swimmers and the chlorine gas addition were continuously registered, and the pH was checked a few times at each bath. In bath 1, an indoor pool with aluminium sulphate precipitation about once a week and with sand filters back-washed every 2 days, less than 10 bacteria/ml. were found in all samples. In bath 2, an outdoor pool with aluminium sulphate precipitation twice a week and with sand filters back-washed twice a week, also few bacteria were found. In bath 3, an outdoor pool with only filtering through sand filters back-washed about every 14 days, high bacterial counts were found every day except the first, when the filters had been newly back-washed. In bath 4, an outdoor pool with only filtering through sand filters back-washed about once a week, high bacterial counts were found now and then during the first 4 days when the weather was warm, but few bacteria were found the last 2 days when the weather was cold and windy, and there were few swimmers.Values from different analyses on the same sample showed relatively good correlation between the redox potential and the free available chlorine. In bath 3 both the redox potential and the available chlorine were weakly correlated to the bacterial count, but in bath 4 there was no such correlation. No other factors were well correlated with the bacterial count either.The bacterial counts at 22 degrees and 37 degrees C. were of the same order. No faecal coliforms were ever found. Use of these bacteria as indicator organism in swimming pools is criticized.The method of using certain minimum values of the free available chlorine as guarantee for a satisfactory bacteriological quality of the swimming pool water is also questioned. The degree of purity of the water is fundamentally connected with the disinfecting power of the available chlorine.Use of certain minimum values of the redox potential, according to these investigations, seems to be a method of somewhat greater accuracy. Provided that the methods of precipitation are performed correctly and filters are being back-washed often enough, then an automatically registering redox potential device, perhaps connected to the chlorine gas pump, ought to constitute a good control of the hygienic quality of a swimming-pool water. This must, however, always be completed by bacteriological examinations, preferably made at high bathing load.


Neutralization of TRIC organisms by antibody: enhancement by antisera prepared against immunoglobulins. The neutralizing activities of fowl, rabbit and mouse antisera prepared against TRIC agents were enhanced, in some cases over a 100-fold, by the addition of antiserum against the appropriate IgG. Significant non-specific inactivation of the organisms was observed in the absence of antiserum against TRIC agents, in reaction mixtures containing normal serum and antiserum against IgG. Since the extent of this inactivation showed a prozone, control tests with dilutions of normal serum equivalent to the full range of dilutions of the antiserum tested are necessary to show that enhancement of neutralization is specific.


Cultivation of TRIC agents: a comparison between the use of BHK-21 and irradiated McCoy cells. BHK-21 cells and HeLa cells were as sensitive as irradiated McCoy cells for titrating both fast- and slow-growing strains of TRIC agents. BHK-21 cells were as efficient as irradiated McCoy cells for isolating TRIC agents from trachoma and from the genital tract of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. More inclusions were formed in BHK-21 than in irradiated McCoy cells.


Swine vesicular disease: virological studies of experimental infections produced by the England-72 virus. Pigs exposed to relatively small amounts of virus by intradermal inoculation of the feet or by skin sacrification developed clinical disease. Large amounts of virus were recovered from samples taken from the nose, mouth, pharynx, rectum and the prepuce or vagina during the first week of infection and smaller amounts during the second week. Virus was recovered from the faeces of most animals 16 days after infection and from one animal for 23 days. Pigs in contact with inoculated animals were killed at intervals before the appearance of clinical disease. The distribution and amounts of virus in various tissues indicated that infection has most likely gained entry through the skin or the epithelia and mucosae of the digestive tract. Some pigs acquired subclinical infections in which no virus excretion was detected and no transmission of infection to susceptible pigs took place over a period of 5 weeks.


Biophysical and immunological studies on the differential effect of guanidine hydrochloride on type A and type B influenza viruses. Guanidine hydrochloride selectively inactivated both the biological activity and the immunogenicity of the haemagglutinin of influenza A/X-7 (HON2). The residual neuraminidase was fully active biologically and immunologically. The reverse was observed with influenza B/ROB; with this virus the haemagglutinin was resistant, and was immunogenic; while the neuraminidase was selectively inactivated, and was not immunogenic.


The sterilization of a new building designed for the breeding of specific-pathogen-free animals. An attempt was made to sterilize a newly erected building of approximately 1200 m.(3) (43,000 ft.(3)), specially designed for the breeding of specific-pathogen-free mice, rats and guinea-pigs. Two methods of treatment were used, namely an ampholytic surface acting biocide/formaldehyde aerosol followed after 2 days by formaldehyde vapour. Bacteriological examination was made of 100 sites in the animal rooms, staff quarters and general service area before and after both treatments. Identification of the bacteria isolated was based upon their morphological appearance on laboratory media incubated aerobically and their reaction to Gram's stain. Organisms were isolated from 72/100 sites before treatment, from 50 sites after the first treatment, and from 13 sites after the second treatment. The bacteria that survived both treatments were of several species.


Skin scales among airborne particles.

Skin scales among airborne particles. The air from a house and garden in a rural area has been sampled and the size distributions of the airborne particles have been determined. The particle concentrations are shown to be generally higher indoors. Changes in the particle concentration during various activities in a small room have been shown to be greatest for particles larger than 3 mum. diameter. Stereoscan microscopic observation has shown that many of the airborne particles in rooms and some from those in outside air appear to be scales of desquamated skin. The presence of protein in many of these particles complements the microscopic observations.


Management of children with chronic respiratory allergies.


Immunity to influenza in ferrets. VII. Effect of previous infection with heterotypic and heterologous influenza viruses on the response of ferrets to inactivated influenza virus vaccines. Normal ferrets did not produce serum antibody following immunization with 200 i.u. of inactivated A/Hong Kong/68 influenza virus vaccine and were found to be susceptible to subsequent challenge infection with A/Hong Kong/68 virus. High titres of virus were recovered from nasal washings collected 3 days after infection, serum antibody was produced, increased nasal protein was detected and HI antibody was detected in nasal washings. Ferrets infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 7 weeks before immunization with inactivated A/HK/68 virus did, however, produce serum HI antibody to A/HK/68 virus. This antibody conferred partial immunity to challenge infection with A/HK/68 virus, as shown by decreased titres of virus in nasal washings and reduced levels of nasal protein. Previous infection of ferrets with influenza virus B/Ann Arbor/66 did not result in the production of serum antibody to A/HK/68 virus following immunization with A/HK/68 vaccine and the animals were completely susceptible to subsequent challenge infection with A/HK/68 virus. Differences in the amount of nasal protein and nasal antibody produced after A/HK/68 infection were also found in ferrets previously infected with either A/PR/8/34 or B/AA/66 virus, compared with normal ferrets.


Acute lead intoxication.

Acute lead intoxication.


Procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus.


Clinicopathological conference: Two-year-old child with lytic lesion of diaphysis of left humerus.


Cardiac tamponade due to leukaemic pericardial effusion.


Maternal serum HPL levels in normal and complicated pregnancy as an index of placental function.


Osteosarcoma of the pelvis following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix.


Alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity in leucocytes and lymphocytes of 2 adult patients with glycogen-storage disease type II, (Pompe's disease).


Tooth eruption in the French Canadian child.


Social, economic and welfare need of nurses.


Lactoperoxidase in the prevention of plaque accumulation, gingivitis and dental caries. I. Effect on oral streptococci and lactobacilli.


Dentistry and the delivery of dental services.


Gold Medal Award of the American Academy of Periodontology.


Propoxyphene as a mild analgesic.

Propoxyphene as a mild analgesic.


Multiphasic screening for state employees at State Park Health Centers.


Primary osteogenic sarcoma involving skull (a case report).


Editorial: Unproven cancer remedies: a report.


Two independently inherited electrophoretic variants of the lysine-rich histones of maize (Zea mays). We report here the first instance of inherited intraspecific histone variation in plants. Maize lysine-rich histone I is composed of four subfractions that are electrophoretically distinct in long polyacrylamide gels. Initial segregation studies indicate that at least one subfraction shows mobility differences inherited as if controlled by a single Mendelian locus. The locus is not on the short arms of chromosomes 2 or 4. The third subfraction also shows variants. Indirect evidence indicates that the genes controlling the variants of this subfraction segregate independently of those of the first. We suggest the symbols alh-A188 and alh-W23 to designate two of the alleles we have discovered of the first subfraction (a) of the lysine-rich histones and clh-A188 and clh-W23 the alleles of the third subfraction (c) of the lysine-rich histones. Other strains of maize show other differences in their histone I fractions, suggesting that there is inbredline-specific polymorphism with respect to histone I variants. The meiotic chromosome mutants, elongate and sticky, do not appear to condition maize histone alterations that can be detected electrophoretically.


Generalized Verhulst laws for population growth. The growth or decay of population of a single species interacting with a large number of other species (or environment) according to the Volterra-Lotka model is investigated. When the environment is initially very close to its equilibrium level, the growth of a single species follows a generalized Verhulst law, containing hereditary effects. The derivation, modeled on statistical mechanical theories of Brownian motion, leads also to a "noise" source and to its relation to the heredity kernel. A special case, where the hereditary kernel is a damped exponential function of time, is solved numerically. When growth starts at a level much below equilibrium, the population first overshoots equilibrium and then approaches it. When decay starts at a level much higher than equilibrium, the population first decays precipitously to a very low level and then slowly grows toward equilibrium.


Cs2S04 gradients containing both Hg2+ and Ag+ effect the complete separation of satellite deoxyribonucleic acids having identical densities in neutral CsCl gradients. A combination of both Ag(+) and Hg(2+) in Cs(2)SO(4) effects the complete separation of two DNAs having identical densities in CsCl. Satellite DNAs of hermit crab, Pagurus pollicaris, and lobster, Homarus americanus, have been isolated by this means.


Acetylcholine-like molecular arrangement in psychomimetic anticholinergic drugs. A study of the relation between the psychotropic activity and the antagonism to acetylcholine observed for some heterocyclic amino esters and compounds of the phencyclidine series suggests some common molecular structural requirements for their properties. Criteria obtained from quantum mechanical calculations of acetylcholine-like molecules indicate that their molecular reactivity with the cholinergic receptor site follows a certain dynamic interaction pattern. This pattern suggests a certain molecular arrangement essential for the interaction, which is based on the electronic properties of the molecules and therefore remains valid for the evaluation of compounds which lack any apparent similarity to acetylcholine. This type of molecular arrangement is shown to be shared by both activators and inhibitors of the acetylcholine receptor discussed here, thus supporting the hypothesis of their binding to a common receptor. The differences in biological activity are attributed to the effect of molecular structural factors which are not commonly included in the molecular arrangement based on the active groups of acetylcholine. The role of such factors is revealed by a study of the observed differences in the cholinergic and psychomimetic activities of related pairs of isomers and enantiomers of the molecules investigated. Structural factors which interfere with the conformational changes occurring in the receptor protein induced by an activator are characterized through differences obtained by the comparative investigation of the activities of the agonist acetate and the antagonist benzilate amino esters of quinuclidine, tropine, and pseudotropine. The same factors are shown in studies of the phencyclidine series to contribute to the antagonism to acetylcholine activity that is closely related to the psychomimetic activity of these drugs in the central nervous system. Similarly, phencyclidine derivatives in which the characteristic acetylcholine-like molecular arrangement is modified by various substitutions are shown to loose both anticholinergic and psychotropic behavior. This close correlation is supported by the identification of molecular regions which will generate the proper molecular arrangement in local anesthetics and morphine, compounds which are known to be involved in cholinergic mechanisms.


Phosphorylation of human platelet myosin. A preparation extracted from human blood platelets, which incorporates (32)P from gamma-labeled AT(32)P into one of the two light chains of platelet myosin and platelet myosin head is described. This phosphorylation, which appears to be due to an endogenous kinase, is specific for the myosin light chain in that no other protein extracted in 0.6 M KCl-15 mM Tris.HCl (pH 7.5) is phosphorylated. The phosphorylated light chain, which has been purified by gel filtration, releases the covalently bound phosphate after incubation in alkali and not after incubation in acid.


Cell-surface interactions: differential inhibition by proflavine of embryonic cell aggregation and production of specific cell-aggregating factor. Cell recognition and morphogenetic aggregation of embryonic cells into tissues are mediated by specific macromolecules in the cell surface (cell-aggregating factors). A factor specific for embryonic neural retina cells was demonstrated; its synthesis is required for histotypic reaggregation of retina cell suspensions. We show that proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) preferentially and reversibly suppresses production of the cell-aggregating factor and thereby inhibits normal cell reaggregation. If such proflavine-treated retina cells are exogenously supplied with the retina-specific factor, they reaggregate. The selectivity of these effects supports the postulated significance of specific cell-surface components in cell association into tissues; the results indicate that proflavine may be a useful molecular probe for studying formation of specific cell-surface components and their role in various cell interactions.


Quantitation of membrane sites in aggregating Dictyostelium cells by use of tritiated univalent antibody. Cell-to-cell adhesion during aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum cells is completely blocked by univalent antibody (Fab) directed against two classes of target sites: surface structures characteristic for aggregation-competent cells ("contact sites A") and others present also on growth-phase cells ("contact sites B"). 3 x 10(5) Fab molecules bound per cell are sufficient to block contact sites A completely, although the Fab fragments cover not more than 2% of the total cell surface. Up to 8-fold this value can be bound per cell when Fab fragments of another specificity are used, without affecting activity of contact sites A. Blockage of cell-to-cell adhesion therefore depends on the binding of Fab fragments to specific target sites, rather than on the total number of Fab molecules bound per cell. This conclusion is also valid for cell adhesion attributed to contact sites B. Contact sites therefore represent a special class of cell-surface sites which, in cell homogenates as well as in vivo, can be traced by Fab, and which are not identical with the bulk of cell-surface antigens present on aggregating cells.


Altered enzymes in drug-resistant variants of mammalian tissue culture cells. Two selective procedures are compared in an effort to isolate variants of mouse L cells containing structural gene mutations. Among the resulting variant cloned cell lines are found two types of alterations in the enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (EC 2.4.2.8) (1): enzyme with altered kinetic constants causing in vivo and in vitro resistance to 8-azaguanine; and (2) enzyme with altered heat sensitivity in vitro. These results support the view that tissue culture cell variants can arise from structural gene mutations.


Early stimulation of RNA synthesis by erythropoietin in cultures of erythroid precursor cells. The effect of erythropoietin on cultured erythroid precursor cells from 13-day mouse-fetal livers was examined. Within 1 hr, erythropoietin causes a 2- to 3-fold stimulation of uridine incorporation into RNA by these cells. The types of RNA preferentially stimulated by erythropoietin during the first hour of exposure of the cells to the hormone include ribosomal RNAs and their precursors, as well as 4-5S RNA. No unique RNA species, not present in control cells, could be detected by sucrose gradient sedimentation or gel electrophoresis. Inhibition of protein synthesis for up to 1 hr does not abolish the stimulatory effect of erythropoietin on RNA synthesis, suggesting that the effect of the hormone on RNA synthesis is not mediated by a newly synthesized protein.


Breakdown of HeLa cell DNA mediated by vaccinia virus. Breakdown of HeLa cell DNA begins within 90 min after infection with vaccinia virus at a multiplicity of infection of 2-plaque-forming units per cell, and ends about 7.5 hr after infection. HeLa cell DNA is degraded to a uniform size of 1 to 2 x 10(7) daltons, as judged by alkaline sucrose sedimentation analysis. The rate of host-cell DNA degradation by vaccinia virus increased directly with the multiplicity of infection. Sedimentation patterns in neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients of viral DNA from infected cells, as well as from partially purified virions, indicated that two size classes of DNA were present. Class 1 DNA sediments like T4 DNA in neutral gradients and has a molecular weight twice that of T4 DNA in alkaline gradients. Class II DNA sediments as a molecule of lower molecular weight than T4 DNA in both types of gradients. Infection of prelabeled HeLa cells with vaccinia virus did not result either in formation of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity or, upon purification of the virions, radioactivity associated with class I DNA, indicating that vaccinia virus does not reutilize HeLa cell DNA.


Regulatory properties of myocardial myosin. The ATPase activity of purified myocardial myosin was activated by either K(+) or Ca(++); the addition of one in the presence of the other caused inhibition. According to Hill-plot analyses the K(+)-saturation curves were sigmoidal (n = 2.92), while the Ca(++)-saturation curves were hyperbolic (n = 1.25). Ca(++)-saturation curves in the presence of K(+) were inhibitory with sigmoidicity (n = 4.11), while K(+)-saturation curves in the presence of Ca(++) followed the Michaelis-Menten inhibition kinetics (n = 1.11). Substrate saturation curves were hyperbolic for both Ca(++) and K(+) systems. There was no enzymatic activity when Na(+) was used as the activating metal; furthermore, Na(+) inhibited in the presence of either K(+) or Ca(++). Both Na(+) curves of inhibition followed the Michaelis-Menten relationship.


Membrane optical activity: some facts and fallacies. The circular dichroism of hypothetical, water-filled, spherical shells, 75-3500 nm in radius, with walls 7.5 nm thick, composed of poly(L-lysine) in various conformational proportions, and suspended in water, were computed from the known optical properties of this polypeptide by classical general light-scattering theory (Mie theory). Comparison of the computed curves of circular dichroism spectra with those of diverse membranes reveals large discrepancies below 215 nm and shows that light scattering does not adequately account for the optical activity of membranes containing appreciable proportions of nonhelical conformation. However, turbidity effects can explain the anomalies of membrane optical rotatory dispersion near 233 nm, if not uniquely so. We conclude that the optical activity of neither most soluble proteins nor membrane proteins can provide accurate conformational information when synthetic polypeptides are used as standards and list the reasons for this argument. We also show that present techniques to "correct" membrane optical activity are likely to produce additional artifact.


Pathologic findings in the spinal cord.

Pathologic findings in the spinal cord.


Application of fingerprinting techniques to iodinated nucleic acids. Several techniques of RNA and DNA finger-printing and determination of sequence have been applied to nucleic acids labeled with (125)I. Fingerprints of human 5S RNA and bacteriophage f2 RNA resemble those of their noniodinated counterparts both in complexity and in specific pattern. Iodination as used here is thus a general labeling procedure, and appears principally to label cytidine residues. This iodination method shows little sensitivity to potential structure in single-stranded RNA molecules, yields stable oligonucleotide products in a reproducible manner, and does not change the specificity of several ribonucleases and deoxyribonucleases.


Oral cancer.

Oral cancer.


Adaptation of cultured human lymphoblasts to growth in citrulline.


The subjective shade assessment and inter-batch colour constancy of a silicate cement.


Preventive treatment of fissure caries.

Preventive treatment of fissure caries.


The comparative electrochemical behaviour of four setting dental amalgams as determined by a potentiostatic polarization technique.


Althesin for dental anaesthesia in children. A comparison with methohexitone sodium.


Cheilitis granulomatosa: report of case.


Prostaglandins reverse inhibition of electrically-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum by morphine, indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid.


The mineral phase of rodent incisor enamel with special reference to the iron-containing layer.


Nurses union in a modern society.

Nurses union in a modern society.


Rehabilitation pilot scheme.

Rehabilitation pilot scheme.


Nursing studies at Victoria University of Wellington.


The role of psychology.

The role of psychology.


A resource unit for the teaching of human growth and development.


A professional organisation.

A professional organisation.


Cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis.


Human ecology.

Human ecology.


Practice nurse scheme extended.

Practice nurse scheme extended.


Change, the challenge.

Change, the challenge.


Growth and development. 2.

Growth and development. 2.


A wide-angle needle endoscope.

A wide-angle needle endoscope.


Medical grand rounds: Streptococci and streptococcal diseases.


Perturbation of the generation cycle of human leukemic blast cells in vivo by vincristine.


Factors affecting plasma clearance of (14C) cholic acid in patients with cirrhosis.


Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline in patients with thyrotoxicosis and myxoedema.


Synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone by a renal carcinoma in cell culture.


Intestinal absorption of stereoisomers of dipeptides in the rat.


Histamine metabolism in human gastric mucosa.


Retention of a single oral massive dose of vitamin A.


A comparison of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide by steady-state and rebreathing methods during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.


Triiodothyronine concentration in cord and maternal sera at term.


Rapid dehydration as a measure of the ability of the kidney to concentrate the urine: comparison with the pitressin-dehydration test.


The effect of season on reproduction in the black wildebeest and red hartebeest in South Africa.


The effect of latitude and photoperiod on the growth of antlers.


The reproductive cycle of the red fox in Europe.


Adaptations in the breeding of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina.


The effect of constant photoperiod on the expression of oestrus in the ewe.


Environmental factors affecting the length of gestation in heterothermic bats.


Ambient temperature.

Ambient temperature.


Cellular degeneration in the testis of red kangaroos during hot weather and drought in Central Australia.


Photoperiodicity in birds.

Photoperiodicity in birds.


Regulation of seasonal sexual activity in an ascrotal mammal, the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis.


Nutrition and rainfall.

Nutrition and rainfall.


Climate and seasonal variations in the breeding of the desert jerboa, Jaculus jaculus, in the Sudan.


Intake and requirements of energy and protein for the breeding of wild deermice, Peromyscus maniculatus.


The effects of nutrition and rainfall at the time of mating on the reproductive performance of ewes.


The effect of natural and artificial changes in food supply on breeding in woodland mice and voles.


The reproductive performance of wild Scottish red deer, Cervus elaphus.


Nutrition and reproduction of Grant's and Thomson's gazelles, Coke's hartebeest and giraffe in Kenya.


Reproduction in the African buffalo, Syncerus caffer, in Western Uganda.


Environmental factors affecting the onset of breeding in some southern African hornbills, Tockus spp.


Field and experimental studies of the annual cycles of white-crowned sparrows.


Studies of the recent breeding success of the peregrine, Falco peregrinus.


Olfaction.

Olfaction.


Pesticides and the fertility of the grey partridge, Perdix perdix.


Genetic variation of olfactory function in reproduction.


Acceleration and inhibition of puberty in female mice by pheromones.


The role of the male in the evocation of oestrus in the cuis, Galea musteloides (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha).


Population density and social factors affecting reproduction.


Reproductive inhibition in asymptotic populations of prairie deermice.


The sexual significance of the rut in red deer.


The role of spacing behavior among females in the regulation of reproduction in the bank vole.


The rut and the occurrence of oestrus in the Soay sheep on St Kilda.


Effect of social environment on reproduction in the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.).


Circannual rhythms in birds: their interaction with circadian rhythms and environmental photoperiod.


Some effects of exploitation on reproduction in whales.


Human reproduction.

Human reproduction.


Polymorphism and the evolution of a continuous breeding season in the pigeon, Columba livia.


Effects of nutrition on human reproduction.


Environment and reproduction in seals.

Environment and reproduction in seals.


Effects of human activities on reproduction in the wild.


Social influences on reproductive performance.


Can man come to terms with his environment?


The nature and evolution of the photoperiodic control of reproduction in wildfowl of the family Anatidae.


Photoperiodicity in mammals.

Photoperiodicity in mammals.


Field and laboratory studies on the control of luteinizing hormone secretion and gonadal activity in the vole, Microtus agrestis.


A general discussion of the effects of the environment on reproduction.


Effects of alcohol on the kidney and blood electrolytes.


Alcohol and the alimentary tract.

Alcohol and the alimentary tract.


Alcohol and the heart.

Alcohol and the heart.


Myoglobinuria in the mountains.

Myoglobinuria in the mountains.


Proposals for health reform.

Proposals for health reform.


Editorial: CPI: chronic progressive initialitis.


Editorial: Malignant disease.

Editorial: Malignant disease.


Letter: Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.


Letter: Training for general practice.

Letter: Training for general practice.


Effect of variation of the shape of the core on stresses in loaded model of a porcelain crown.


Analysis of a method for testing oral tactility during chewing.


The microscopic appearance of the periapical tissue in cases classified as "uncertain" or "unsuccessful" after apicectomy.


Treatment of non-vital permanent incisors with calcium hydroxide. 3. Variation of occurrence of ankylosis of reimplanted teeth with duration of extra-alveolar period and storage environment.


Lactoperoxidase in the prevention of plaque accumulation, gingivitis and dental caries. 3. Effect of mouthrinses with amyloglucosidase and glucoseoxidase in the model system of experimental gingivitis and caries in man.


The influence of intravenously administered cortisol--with and without the addition of insulin or pretreatment with propranolol--on various parameters of fat and carbohydrate metabolism in blood plasma of human beings.


Proton Fourier transform NMR studies of the unfolding of ribonuclease.


The determination of the structure of proteins in solution: lysozyme.


Nuclear relaxation studies of the role of the divalent cation in the mechanism of pyruvate kinase and enolase: inner sphere and second sphere complexes.


High resolution NMR study of the charge relay system in chymotrypsin.


The detection of substrate distortion by lysozyme: an application of NMR to the study of enzyme substrate reactions.


NMR studies of the binding of an inducer and an anti-inducer to the lac repressor.


A Fourier transform NMR study of the thermal denaturation of ribonuclease A at low pH.


Conformations and interactions of histones and their role in chromosome structure.


Proton magnetic resonance studies of nucleic acid conformation.


Properties of purine nucleotides studied by the Overhauser effect: conformations, flexibility, aggregation.


High-resolution proton magnetic resonance studies of two trypsin inhibitors: soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) and ovomucoid (hen egg white).


Molecular conformation and cooperativity in hemoglobin.


NMR studies of lipids in bilayers and membranes.


Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the structure of model membrane systems: the effect of surface curvature.


Binding of small molecules to proteins.

Binding of small molecules to proteins.


Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of a ribonuclease-dinucleoside phosphonate complex and their implications for the mechanism of the enzyme.


Recent developments in the investigation of the paramagnetic centers in low-spin ferric hemoproteins: carbon-13 hyperfine shifts in iron porphyrin complexes.


Recent advances in Fourier transform instrumentation.


Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) as explored by the Socratic method.


Deuteron magnetic resonance studies of neurohypophysial hormones.


PMR studies on Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin: origins of contact-shifted resonances and denaturation by dimethyl sulfoxide.


The possible structural and functional role of aromatic residues in bacterial ferredoxins.


Conformational properties of sugars and their derivatives.


Observations on the relationship between vicinal 13C-1H coupling and torsion angle: nucleosides, glycosides, and peptides.


Carbon-13 NMR spectra of furanose sugars.


Long range C-H coupling in conformational analysis.


Studies of carbohydrates by Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy: structural analysis of glycosyl cyanides.


PMR and 13C studies of some sulfated polysaccharides.


Binding orientations of alpha- and beta-methyl-D-glucopyranoside to concanavalin A as studied by 13C carbon magnetic resonance.


High-resolution proton NMR studies of low affinity hemoglobins.


Forced eruption. I. A method of treating isolated one and two wall infrabony osseous defects-rationale and case report.


Contributory factors in oral debris removal and thumb sucking.


Periodontosis, juvenile periodontitis or Gottlieb syndrome? Report of 4 cases.


A device for long-term respirating and anesthetizing rats.


Evaluation of C3 receptors on lymphoid cells with different complement sources.


Sialic acid on leukemia cells: relation to morphology and tumor immunity.


Methylated arginines in chronic erythemic myelosis.


Commissural myelotomy.

Commissural myelotomy.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 17-1974.


Treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma by cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy.


New life: person or property?

New life: person or property?


Buried alive. Some fresh air for the conscious patient under towels.


Humidification of gas mixtures delivered by miniature ventilators.


The defects of cementum in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica.


Developmental abnormalities of the dentine and pulp associated with tumoral calcinosis.


Multiple symmetrical supernumerary molar teeth.


President's address at the opening of the thirty-eighth session of the General Dental Council.


More dentists, fewer dentures.

More dentists, fewer dentures.


Oral lichen planus associated with psoriasis of the skin.


A modified paraffin wax for microtomy.

A modified paraffin wax for microtomy.


Oral medicine for the dental practitioner. 6. Lesions of the tongue: disturbances of taste and salivary flow.


British dentistry within the European Economic Community.


Verbodontics.

Verbodontics.


The inclusion of radioactive compounds in dental porcelains.


Oral medicine for the dental practitioner. 7. Inflammatory overgrowths and neoplasms.


Patient co-operation in orthodontic treatment.


The circumferential rib and its applications.


Acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (A.P.L.) is a rare but important type of acute myeloid leukaemia characterized by major bleeding in association with thrombocytopenia, a specific peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, low plasma fibrinogen, and the presence in the serum of fibrin degradation products. These last abnormalities are related to the disseminated intravascular consumption of coagulation factors with secondary fibrinolysis. A.P.L. requires early recognition and urgent treatment. With optimal management up to half of the patients may achieve complete remission of two years or more. Undoubtedly patients with A.P.L. do especially well when treated in special centres and some patients with A.P.L. now die before the nature of their disease is recognized. Increased familiarity with the problem, which has been known for nearly 20 years, should yield great dividends for those few patients who have this disease.


Alkylating agents as leukemogens in multiple myeloma.


Disseminated histoplasmosis and childhood leukemia.


Leukemic pleural infiltrates during bone marrow remission of acute myelocytic leukemia.


Acute myocardial infarction due to chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Infraclavicular subclavian catheterization: another caution.


Erythremic myelosis in two cats.

Erythremic myelosis in two cats.


Facial nerve paralysis following sagittal split mandibular osteotomy: a case report.


Oxygen transport during exercise in human subjects.


Fractures of the hyoid bone complicating facial fracture: a case report.


Neurapraxia of the mylohyoid nerve and submental analgesia.


Some observations on zygomatic fractures in the Eastern Region of Scotland.


Primary actinomycosis of the parotid gland.


Tuberose sclerosis with unilateral involvement of the maxilla and mandible: a case report.


Plunging ranula--report of a case.

Plunging ranula--report of a case.


Tylosis: a case report.

Tylosis: a case report.


Oral cancer in Iraq: analysis of 202 cases.


Aphthous ulceration and vitamin B12 deficiency.


Candidal infection and leukoplakia.

Candidal infection and leukoplakia.


Incompetence of the larynx: an unusual post-operative complication.


Osteosarcoma--a roentgenographic study.

Osteosarcoma--a roentgenographic study.


Cellular immunity in human osteogenic sarcoma.


Post radiation bone sarcoma.

Post radiation bone sarcoma.


A single case study. Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.


Poisons that killed: an analysis of 300 cases.


The role of gastroesophageal reflux in nocturnal asthma in children.


The North Carolina Regional Medical Program.


Need for more and better distributed primary care physicians in North Carolina.


Ureteroappendiceal fistula in child.

Ureteroappendiceal fistula in child.


Pathogenesis of hypocalcemic tetany in the thyroparathyroidectomized dog.


Clinical history, physical examination and x-ray changes.


Measurement of "closing volume" as a simple and sensitive test for early detection of small airway obstruction.


Contact-type delayed hypersensitivity: can it also occur in the lung?


The antigens in pigeon-breeder's disease and their interaction with human complement.


An investigation of essential oils of cotton-mill dust.


Composition and function of pulmonary surfactant.


Rheological aspects of mucociliary flow.


The role of secretory IgA in defense of the distal lung.


The permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane to ultrastructural protein tracers.


Clearance zones in the distal lung.

Clearance zones in the distal lung.


Immunologic approaches in pulmonary disease caused by inhaled materials.


Influence of infection on pulmonary defense mechanisms.


Pulmonary fibrosis due to chemicals and particles.


Acute bronchitis due to cotton plant polyphenols.


Varieties of acute immunologic damage to the rabbit lung.


Epidemiological approach to multiple factor interactions in pulmonary disease: the potential usefulness of path analysis.


Chairman's summary: acute and chronic inflammation.


Summary of conference.

Summary of conference.


Evaluation before and after exposure--the pattern of physiological response to cotton dust.


The relationship of acute pulmonary effects of organic materials to chronic pulmonary effects.


Pulmonary reactions to organic materials: dimensions of the problem.


Questionnaire approaches and analysis of epidemiological data in organic dust lung diseases.


Follow-up observations of workers exposed to enzyme detergents.


A comparative clinical and pulmonary function study of grain handlers and bakers.


Parasympathetic nervous control of airway smooth muscle.


Interrelationship of systemic and endodontic clinical problems.


Treatment of endodontic emergencies.

Treatment of endodontic emergencies.


Cleaning and shaping the root canal.

Cleaning and shaping the root canal.


Molar endodontics.

Molar endodontics.


Surgical endodontics.

Surgical endodontics.


The endodontic-periodontic continuum.

The endodontic-periodontic continuum.


Hemisection--technique and restoration.

Hemisection--technique and restoration.


Tooth replantation.

Tooth replantation.


Present status of tooth transplantation.


Apexogenesis associated with replantation. A case history.


What shall dentists do to save the form of man's dentition?


Resorption, perforations, and fractures.


Effective utilization of auxiliaries. Four-handed endodontics.


Developmental history of cephalometrics: a review.


Acute volvulus of the sigmoid colon in a two-year-old child.


Treatment of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena in dogs with bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate in a prepared food.


Editorial: On the prostitution of the physician.


The problem of carcinoma of the vermiform appendix. Review of literature proposals for use of new diagnostic techniques (case report).


Partners of female alcoholics.

Partners of female alcoholics.


The role of alcohol in fatal accidents among seamen.


Inkblot technique in experimental intoxication: a comparison of psychodynamic functions of alcohol in alcoholics and non-alcoholics.


A clarification of the relationship between alcohol and marihuana.


Alcoholism and brain damage: some psychometric findings in addiction unit alcoholics.


The effects of guided participation and systematic desensitization in the treatment of a paranoid alcoholic: a case report.


Alcohol and marijuana--social problem perspective.


A comprehensive model for the acquisition, maintenance and treatment of drug-taking behavior.


The first 100 referrals to a Scottish Drug Addiction Treatment Centre.


Some characteristics of an ex-addict self-help therapeutic community and its members.


A study of young male heroin dependent patients. I. Intellectual assessment.


A study of young male heroin dependent patients. II. Attitudes to father, mother and family as revealed in a sentence completion test.


Dependance on analgesics in analgesic nephropathy.


"Megadontia" of the mandibular second premolar.


Some aspects of oral exfoliative cytology in marginal periodontal disease.


Aortocaval compression: incidence and prevention.


The malignancy of violence.

The malignancy of violence.


Clinical application of the biomechanical profile of pronation and supination.


Learning disabilities: an overview.

Learning disabilities: an overview.


Glycogen storage disease (von Gierke's type).


Presurgical management of a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy: report of case.


Erosionlike denture markings possibly related to hyperactivity of oral soft tissues.


Management of teeth in the irradiated patient.


Contact stomatitis resulting from the use of orthodontic rubber elastics: report of case.


The establishment of a Commission on Accreditation of Dental and Dental Auxiliary Educational Programs. Council on Dental Education.


Statement on dental hygiene licensure of individuals with military service training. Council on Dental Education.


Report on the education and utilization of dental auxiliaries. Council on Dental Education.


Course listing for May 1974 through September 1974. Council on Dental Education.


Letter: Moisture contamination of dental amalgam.


Letter: Barnacle cement.

Letter: Barnacle cement.


Letter: Incomplete anesthesia in mandibular molars.


Annual survey of dental educational institutions. Division of Educational Measurements, Council on Dental Education.


Dentists' views on contemporary issues in dentistry: a study of the diffusion of three innovations.


A comparative study of patient evaluations of dental treatment performed by dental and expanded-function dental hygiene students.


Use of stannous fluoride for indirect pulp capping.


Editorial: Incursions into medicine.

Editorial: Incursions into medicine.


Inherent danger in new JCAH medical staff standard.


Temporal arteritis.

Temporal arteritis.


"Simple" upper respiratory infection. ABC of pediatrics.


Electrocardiograms of the month.

Electrocardiograms of the month.


Vitrectomy in aphakia.

Vitrectomy in aphakia.


Unusual cause of bronchial asthma. Cacoon seed used for decorative purposes.


Priapism with hyperacute stem-cell leukemia.


Congenital symmetrical humeroradial synostosis.


Ovulation induction and pregnancy in Chiari-Frommel syndrome.


Methadone treatment in Westchester County: 1971.


Ambulatory care. Impact of changing concepts on planning for facilities.


A comparison of two cariogenic diets in an albino strain of rat.


Health services with a labour government.


Adverse drug reactions and local anaesthesia.


The key man in oral diagnosis.

The key man in oral diagnosis.


Orthodontics as a dental benefit.

Orthodontics as a dental benefit.


Pulmonary function during clinical remission of asthma. How reversible is asthma?


The relationship between daily asthma attendance, weather parameters, spore count and pollen count.


Factors determining the shape of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves in childhood asthma.


Long-term use of oral contraceptives: a study of chromosomes and lymphocyte transformation.


Enteric disease in young Australian aborigines.


Medullary ischaemia in experimental analgesic nephropathy--the pathogenesis of renal papillary necrosis.


Neuropathic arthropathy: a report of two cases.


Arterial hypoxaemia in acute myocardial infarction.


Therapeutic serum digoxin concentration: relation to age, weight, sex, and serum creatinine level.


Isochromosome for the short arm of X with primary amenorrhoea and a pituitary tumour.


Editorial: Some factors that precipitate asthmatic attacks.


Experimental Salmonella infection in calves. 1. The effect of stress factors on the carrier state. Four calves were infected with 2.4 x 10(8)S. dublin and penned separately. Fluctuations in environmental temperature did not affect the symptoms of the disease or the duration of excretion. Faecal samples were superior to rectal swabs for detecting excretors.After transport stress, Salmonella was isolated from several organs at slaughter in an excreting calf, and uninoculated control calves became cross-infected. During slaughter, carcasses became contaminated on their surfaces. From one contaminated carcass Salmonella was recovered after chilled storage at 0 degrees C. for 1 week and also after freezing at -20 degrees C. for 1 month.


Experimental Salmonella infection in calves. 2. Virulence and the spread of infection. Calves with a serum ;H' titre of 1/160 developed a chronic form of salmonellosis after infection with S. dublin. Their growth rate was severely retarded by this illness. An aerogenic strain of S. dublin was found to be much more virulent than an anaerogenic strain. Faecal samples were superior to mouth swabs in detecting animals carrying S. dublin.During transport two uninoculated calves became infected and after transport stress, latent carriers of S. dublin with faecal samples negative for Salmonella for 5 weeks, restarted excretion. At slaughter Salmonella were isolated from viscera and organs and from the surface of five of six carcasses.


Variola minor in Bragança Paulista County, 1956: lack of evidence indicating the influence of contaminated classrooms on spread of the disease. Space-time interaction analysis was applied to data from 101 elementary school children who contracted variola minor during an epidemic in Bragança Paulista County, Brazil. One school had two and the other three shifts of students occupying the same classrooms each day. There was no evidence found for excessive numbers of cases to occur among unvaccinated students occupying the same desks or seated near the desks occupied by cases occurring during another shift. Only three cases occurred among the 31 unvaccinated students occupying desks of students with variola from other shifts. Only one of these three subsequent cases occurred at a time interval suggestive of transmission. For the three models tested there was no evidence of space-time interaction between time of onset of the disease and location of desk for pairs of students from different shifts.


Experimental study of a further attenuated live measles vaccine of the Sugiyama strain in Iran. After encouraging results of the mass vaccination programme in Iran, in which 5 million children in rural areas were vaccinated with the Japanese Sugiyama strain at its 82nd passage in baby calf kidney, and a progressive decrease in the incidence of measles as well as a reduction of excessive infant mortality, a further attenuated vaccine, produced with the same strain, cloned in Japan, was compared in a field trial with the parent vaccine. The new strain caused fewer reactions than the original strain. Seroconversion with a geometric mean antibody titre of 6.1 was observed in 95% of susceptible children.


Studies on the pathogenicity of Acholeplasma axanthum in swine. Acholeplasma axanthum sp. was isolated from the lung of swine with catarrhal pneumonia. Clinical symptoms of respiratory disease, gross and histological lesions of pneumonia, as well as serological response were produced by intranasal inoculation of ;miniature pigs' with the supernatant of lung suspension containing Acholeplasma axanthum and by a 48 hr. broth culture of the strain.A similar picture of disease was observed in animals held in contact with the animals inoculated with untreated lung suspension. Acholeplasma axanthum was isolated from the nasal cavity, lung and peribronchial lymph nodes 7-41 days after inoculation. No lesions were observed after inoculation of pigs with the supernatant of lung suspension pretreated with oxytetracycline or chloroform, and no successful isolation of Acholeplasma axanthum could be achieved after this treatment.


Interactions of TRIC agents with macrophages: effects on lysosomal enzymes of the cell. TWO CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN THE ACID PHOSPHATASE OF MACROPHAGES THAT HAD INGESTED INFECTIVE TRIC ORGANISMS: the proportion of extralysosomal enzyme rose, while the total amount in the cells fell. Both effects were directly related to the number of organisms ingested and increased with time. When macrophages were inoculated with more than 50 organisms per cell, changes were obvious within a few hours; with 2-10 organisms per cell changes were detectable only after 18 hr. or more. Enzyme appeared in the culture medium as the amount in the cells decreased. Ingestion of organisms killed by heat or treated with antibody did not induce such changes. In infected BHK-21 cells, no changes in acid phosphatase were detected at any stage of the developmental cycle of the organism.


Congenital failure of automatic ventilation (Ondine's curse). A case report.


Proceedings: Host immune responses in B.C.G. therapy of a rat osteosarcoma.


Proceedings: Tumour therapy in dogs using B.C.G.


Pneumothorax during respirator therapy.

Pneumothorax during respirator therapy.


The treatment of acute myeliod leukaemia. The use of a combination of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia in a district general hospital is described. The results in a series of 30 cases are considered.


The view box.

The view box.


Response of asthmatic airways to intravenous bradykinin and histamine.


Subjective response to therapy in chronic obstructive lung disease.


The definitive diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease by selective bronchial catheterization.


ECG problems.

ECG problems.


Editorial: Pulmonary medicine.

Editorial: Pulmonary medicine.


President's message: small pox vaccination-passing of an era.


Editorial: Anticoagulation. I. The clinical use of heparin.


Respirator usage and effectiveness in bituminous coal mining operations.


The ingestion of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes by abnormal neutrophils.


Production of colony-stimulating factor by malignant leukocytes.


Editorial: Dental auxiliaries--cultural shock.


Editorial: Acupuncture.

Editorial: Acupuncture.


The changing role in dental health delivery.


Frank discussions says CDNAA president.

Frank discussions says CDNAA president.


Our brave new world.

Our brave new world.


Dental therapists in the Canadian North.


Penicillian substitutes--erythromycin and clindamycin.


A Nairobi sheep disease vaccine.

A Nairobi sheep disease vaccine.


Steroid metabolites and the control of hemoglobin synthesis.


Urologic aspects of hyperparathyroidism.


The effects of urethral catheterization in the patient with "neurogenic" bladder.


Aphasia.

Aphasia.


The carcinogen standard of the new Occupational Safety and Health Act.


Physiological and medical aspects of a relay cross-Channel swim.


Isolation of a peptidyl-pantetheine-protein from tyrocidine-synthesizing polyenzymes. The polyenzyme complex responsible for the synthesis of tyrocidine in Bacillus brevis (ATCC 8185) was found to contain 4'-phosphopantetheine, which appeared to be connected with the production of growing peptide chains. Confirmation of this assumption has now been obtained by purifying from bacterial lysates a polyenzyme-dissociation product; this was labeled with [(14)C]pantothenic acid and peptide chains containing tritiated amino acids, and had a molecular weight of 17,000. To obtain these results, organisms were grown udner conditions favorable for incorporation of radioactive pantothenic acid into tyrocidine-synthesizing enzymes. A crude lysate of the [(14)C]pantothenic acid-labeled organisms was preincubated with the tritiated amino acids to form enzyme-bound growing peptide chains. The doubly labeled fragments were purified from the polyenzyme-dissociation products produced by prolonged lysis. In a second set of experiments, the three enzymes responsible for tyrocidine synthesis, including the two polyenzymes containing pantetheine, were purified and incubated with radioactive amino acids and ATP to form polyenzyme-bound peptide chains. Thereupon, a Triton X-100 extract of the 20,000 x g fraction of crude homogenate was added to dissociate the purified polyenzymes. The dissociation products were purified and yielded, on dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, peptidyl-marked products ranging in molecular weight from 90,000 to 17,000, the latter being most abundant. Electrophoresis of analogous preparations after preincubation with higher concentrations of dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol at 100 degrees yielded a single product of 17,000 molecular weight, indicating that the larger molecular weight fractions were aggregates thereof.


Gene activation in eukaryotes: are nuclear acidic proteins the cause or the effect? Nuclear acidic proteins have been implicated in the positive control of gene transcription in eukaryotes. This hypothesis was examined in greater detail by analysis of these proteins during experimental gene activation by a technique for fractionating nuclei into chromatin and the ribonucleoprotein particles that contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA. When synthesis of rat-liver heterogeneous nuclear RNA was stimulated by administration of hydrocortisone, there was a parallel increase in the labeling of acidic proteins in ribonucleoprotein particles. However, there was no detectable effect on the labeling of either acidic chromatin proteins or histones. Thus, the nuclear acidic proteins that respond to the hormone are concerned with a post-transcriptional event, namely the assembly and processing of ribonucleoprotein particles that contain heterogeneous RNA, rather than with direct gene activation. Increases in synthesis of "chromatin" acidic proteins during gene activation observed by others may reflect the presence of these ribonucleoprotein particles in crude chromatin preparations.


Chick-erythrocyte nucleus reactivation in heterokaryons: suppression by inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes. Reactivation of chick-erythrocyte nuclei in heterokaryons (obtained by Sendai virus-induced fusion of chick erythrocytes with HeLa cells) is suppressed by specific inhibitors of trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes. N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethane and N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methylester inhibit erythrocyte nuclear enlargement and suppress RNA and DNA synthesis in nuclei of erythrocytes and HeLa cells in heterokaryons at concentrations that only minimally influence individual HeLa cells or HeLa homokaryons. Although other unknown mechanisms of action cannot be formally excluded, the data are interpreted as fitting best with an intracellular site of action of the protease inhibitors studied, and as suggesting a role for cellular proteases in reactivation of chick-erythrocyte nuclei in heterokaryons.


Persistence of O6-ethylguanine in rat-brain DNA: correlation with nervous system-specific carcinogenesis by ethylnitrosourea. The nervous system specificity of the carcinogenic effect of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats at the perinatal age is of particular interest because the formation of the ultimate reactant, an electrophilic ethyl cation, occurs nonenzymatically and, hence, is not tissue specific. Indeed, similar initial degrees of DNA ethylation were found in the DNA of target (brain) and nontarget tissue (liver), in terms of the molar fractions of O6-ethylguanine, N7-ethylguanine, and N3-ethyladenine 1 hr after a pulse of [1-(14)C]ethylnitrosourea. However, over a 240-hr period of observation, the elimination rate from DNA of O6-ethylguanine (a modified base likely to cause anomalous base pairing during DNA replication) was strikingly slower in brain (half-life, about 220 hr) as compared to liver (about 30 hr), and also much slower than the elimination rates from brain DNA of N7-ethylguanine (about 90 hr) and N3-ethyladenine (about 16 hr). The data suggest that the rate of elimination from DNA of O6-ethylguanine may be an important factor (with the requirement for DNA replication of the target cell) in neoplastic transformation by ethylnitrosourea.


The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of bovine proparathyroid hormone. Proparathyroid hormone (calcemic fraction-A) is a biosynthetic precursor of parathyroid hormone in bovine glands. Limited amounts of the isolated prohormone have been obtained for the purpose of initial structural studies. The results of automated sequence analysis on two separate preparations indicate that the N-terminal region of the prohormone consists of the sequence Lys-Ser-Val-Lys-Lys-Arg followed by a sequence exactly corresponding to residues 1 to 34 of bovine parathyroid hormone. Also observed was a minor sequence (about 12% of the total) in which the N-terminal lysine was absent. These data suggest that more than one species of prohormone may exist. Due to the small quantities of sample available, the analyses were restricted to the N-terminal portion of the prohormone only. However, because the amino-acid composition of the prohormone indicates it to be a molecule containing more than 100 amino acids, the possibility remains that additional residues occur at the C-terminus. Thus, the prohormone structure based on these data is believed to consist of the hexapeptide sequence above, followed by the known sequence of the 84 residues in parathyroid hormone, possibly followed by an additional sequence of 10-15 residues.


Myosin heavy chain messenger RNA from myogenic cell cultures. The appearance of messenger RNA for myosin heavy chains in chick-embryo myogenic cell cultures was investigated. Total polyribosomes were isolated from cultures at various times of development and were purified in sucrose step gradients. These polysomes were either extracted with phenol or were treated with puromycin. The ribonucleoprotein particles and ribosomal subunits released by puromycin were fractionated on sucrose gradients. RNA from polysomes or from puromycin-dissociated subunits was fractionated on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns, and the bound and unbound RNA was assayed for activity of myosin heavy chain messenger RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. RNA stimulating myosin heavy-chain synthesis was found predominantly in the unbound fractions of the oligo(dT)-cellulose columns. After puromycin treatment of polysomes, the myosin heavy chain messenger RNA, which sediments at 18-26 S, was associated with a ribonucleoprotein particle sedimenting between 30 and 40 S. Myosin heavy chain messenger RNA was obtained from cultures containing well-developed myotubes and from cultures undergoing myogenic cell fusion. This messenger RNA was not detectable in early, unfused cultures, or in later cultures in which myogenic cell fusion had been prevented by treatment with ethyleneglycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid. These experiments demonstrate that messenger RNA for myosin heavy chains becomes associated with ribosomes only after myogenic cell fusion has begun.


Chromosome cycles turned on in unfertilized sea urchin eggs exposed to NH4OH. In unfertilized sea urchin eggs treated with NH(4)OH-sea water, the chromosomes condense after a first round of DNA synthesis and go through a chromosome cycle. The chromosomes split visibly, but sister chromosomes are not further separated. They regress into an interphase nucleus. These cycles repeat, producing eggs with large numbers of chromosomes. No mitotic apparatus is seen and the eggs do not divide. There is some microscopic evidence of limited chromosome movement, interpreted as centrifugal movement of the condensed chromosomes before they split and a centripetal movement as the split chromosomes decondense to reconstitute the nucleus. The eggs so treated with NH(4)OH are considered to be unfertilized eggs and can be fertilized later. Such later fertilization permits the introduction of paternal nuclei after the maternal nuclei have progressed some way toward the above-described chromosome condensation. The paternal chromosomes condense prematurely at the time when the maternal chromosomes condense. At the same time, premature with respect to the time of fertilization, mitotic apparatus form.


In vivo repair of the single-strand interruptions contained in bacteriophage T5 DNA. Bacteriophage T5 is known to contain several unique single-strand interruptions in only one strand of the duplex DNA. Analysis of labeled parental phage DNA from infected Escherichia coli shows that these nicks are repaired in vivo to yield intact double-stranded molecules. Sealing begins at about 6 min after infection and is independent of DNA replication. Repair may be an ordered process that starts at a unique end of the molecule.


Role of RNA in induction of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases. Induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity by phenobarbital requires de novo synthesis of mRNA. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by alpha-amanitin given up to 8 hr after phenobarbital administration substantially inhibits this induction. However, beyond 8 hr after phenobarbital administration, RNA synthesis is not required for induction of these hepatic microsomal systems. Thus, mRNAs for cytochrome P-450 and ethylmorphine N-demethylase appear to be stable. Furthermore, these experiments reveal that the lag period for RNA synthesis approximates the length of the lag period for induction of the hepatic microsomal enzyme systems.


Embryonic cell aggregation: kinetics and specificity of binding of enhancing factors. A new assay for tissue-type-specific adhesive macromolecules is described. This assay measures the binding to whole cells of radioactive macromolecules in aggregation-enhancing supernatants. We show for two tissue types, embryonic chick neural retina and cerebrum, that binding is tissue-type specific. Specific binding can be distinguished from nonspecific binding by its sensitivity to displacement with horse serum and by the kinetics of binding. Specific binding appears to be a cooperative phenomenon.


Mechanism of action of the mycotoxin trichodermin, a 12,13-epoxytrichothecene. Trichodermin is a member of a group of closely related compounds-the 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes-that form a medically and economically important class of mycotoxins produced by fungi that spoil fruit and grain. Our studies show that trichodermin is a very potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. Since ribosomes remain in polyribosomes in inhibited cells, trichodermin inhibits the elongation and/or termination processes of protein synthesis. In vitro, trichodermin is a potent inhibitor of the peptidyl transferase activity required for elongation and/or termination. An in vitro comparison of the effects of three peptidyl transferase inhibitors on elongation and termination indicates that anisomycin acts primarily on elongation while trichodermin and sparsomycin act primarily on termination. A new in vivo test to distinguish elongation inhibitors from termination inhibitors confirms that trichodermin inhibits primarily the termination process. Thus trichodermin inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the activity of peptidyl transferase required for termination. These studies suggest that the toxicosis caused by one of the 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes is due to its action as a protein synthesis inhibitor involving the peptidyl transferase activity of the eukaryotic ribosomes.


A microassay for uroporphyrinogen I synthase, one of three abnormal enzyme activities in acute intermittent porphyria, and its application to the study of the genetics of this disease. A new spectrofluorometric assay is described for quantitating uroporphyrinogen I synthase (EC 4.3.1.8) activity in volumes of human blood as small as 2 mul. By this sensitive assay the inheritance of the enzyme's activity has been studied and the genetic defect for acute intermittent porphyria has been confirmed to be autosomal dominant in nature. There is a 3-fold range of uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity in erythrocytes in the normal population, with a mean V(max) +/- SD of 35.7 +/- 8.4 nmol of uroporphyrinogen I formed per ml of erythrocytes per hr, at 37 degrees . One-half this level of enzyme activity (18.0 +/- 5.0) is found in erythrocytes from patients with clinically manifest acute intermittent porphyria; and in erythrocytes from those of their relatives, including prepubertal children, who have the latent gene defect for the disease. The K(m) of erythrocyte enzyme of normal people is 12.3 +/- 3.9 muM, whereas the K(m) of the erythrocyte enzyme of patients with acute intermittent porphyria is 6.2 +/- 3.9 muM, as determined on whole blood lysates. Three enzymic changes have now been identified in patients with acute intermittent porphyria; a high level of delta-aminolevulinate synthase activity; a low level of uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity; and a deficiency of steroid Delta(4)-5alpha reductase activity.


A simple method for the detection of mutagens in urine: studies with the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene. We described previously a simple test on petri plates for detecting many carcinogens as mutagens using an especially sensitive set of bacterial strains to detect mutagens and a rat, or human, liver homogenate for carcinogen activation. We now extend the utility of the method for the detection of mutagenic metabolites in urine. The addition of commercial beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) to the petri plates along with the urine, liver homogenate, and bacteria allows detection of metabolites that are excreted in urine as beta-glucuronide conjugates. By this method mutagenic activity is readily demonstrated with urine of rats that were administered as little as 200 mug (1.6 mg/kg) of the carcinogen, 2-acetylaminofluorene. In this case the major urinary metabolite that we detect appears to be a glucuronide conjugate. We propose that the method be used for the screening of human urines in order to detect mutagenic metabolites of drugs and of dietary components. It may also be useful for testing of urinary metabolites of drugs and food additives in experimental animals.


The moments of stochastic integrals and the distribution of sojourn times. For a single diallelic locus in a finite population with any time-independent selection scheme, using the diffusion approximation, a formula is derived in terms of sojourn times for the moments of the integral of an arbitrary function of gene frequency along sample paths. Irreversible mutation and conditioned and unconditioned processes without mutation are treated. From this expression, the differential equation satisfied by the moments follows directly, and the exact probability distribution of sojourn times is deduced. An independent probabilistic proof of the last result based on the properties of time-homogeneous Markov processes is presented.


A preliminary map of the major transcription units read by T7 RNA polymerase on the T7 and T3 bacteriophage chromosomes. Transcription of T7 DNA by T7 RNA polymerase in vitro gives rise to six major size classes of RNAs comprising seven major T7 RNA species. These RNAs are all read from the r-strand of T7 DNA and are not derived from the early (leftmost on the conventional genetic map) region of the molecule. When artifically shortened T7 DNA templates are transcribed, four (I, II, IIIb, and VI) of the seven species are found to be truncated or deleted. This indicates that all are terminated near the right end of the T7 DNA molecule, probably at a common termination site near 98.5%. (Map positions are all given in terms of percentage of total length measured from the left end of the molecule.) Since the approximate lengths of the transcripts are known, the promotor sites for T7 RNA species I, II, IIIb, and VI are tentatively mapped at 56, 64, 83, and 97% on the T7 chromosome. Only a single major T3 RNA is transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase; analysis of transcripts directed by shortened T3 DNA templates indicates it is analogous to T7 RNA species IIIb. Hence the promotor and terminator sites for T3 species IIIb are tentatively mapped at 83 and 98.5%, respectively, on the T3 chromosome. The major transcripts read by T7 RNA polymerase from T3-T7 hybrid phage DNAs vary, depending on which regions of the T7 chromosome are present. This provides an alternative method of mapping the strong T7 promotor sites on the T7 chromosome.


Requirement of initiation factor 3 in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis with N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA. Initiation factor 3 is required, along with initiation factors 1 and 2, for the incorporation of N-acetylphenylalanine into polypeptides and the formation of N-acetylphenylalanylpuromycin. Initiation factor 3 also strongly stimulates the binding of N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer RNA to isolated 30S ribosomal subunits. Phosphocellulose fractions of initiation factor 3 were found to catalyze N-acetylphenylalanine incorporation differentially with different synthetic messenger RNAs not containing any codons for N-formylmethionine. The results suggest that ribosomes recognize the initiator codon only through the initiator transfer RNA.


Primitive teratocarcinoma cells express a differentiation antigen specified by a gene at the T-locus in the mouse. A cell-surface antigen common to mouse primitive teratocarcinoma cells, morulae, and sperm has been shown by serological methods to be specified by a wild-type T-locus gene whose mutant form is lethal in homozygotes at the morula stage.


Variable region sequences of five human immunoglobulin heavy chains of the VH3 subgroup: definitive identification of four heavy chain hypervariable regions. The variable regions of five human immunoglobulin heavy chains of the V(H)III subgroup have been totally sequenced. Three of the heavy chains belonged to the IgG class and two to the IgA class. Examination of these sequences, and comparison with additional published heavy chain sequences, showed that a total of four hypervariable regions is characteristic of human heavy chain variable regions. The relatively conserved character of large segments of the heavy chain variable region was very evident in these studies. The conserved segments, which are those sections located outside the hypervariable regions, comprise approximately 65% of the total heavy chain variable region. The following general structural pattern for antibody molecules emerges from this and related studies: an overall combining region superstructure is provided by the more conserved segments while the refinements of the active site specificity are a function of hypervariable regions.