Development of operational objectives for a dental curriculum: the anatomies.


DDS or DMD: the glacial period.

DDS or DMD: the glacial period.


The centralized system for processing applications to the Dental and Medical Schools of the University of Texas System.


Collective bargaining on campus.

Collective bargaining on campus.


Responsibility of dental schools for new systems of health care delivery.


Organization of office of business affairs at a dental school.


Effects of patient involvement and esthetic preference on denture acceptance.


Stress-induced muscle activity: a possible etiologic factor in denture soreness.


Observations on a composite resin for class II restorations: two-year report.


Corrosion of amalgam in contact with gold.


The strength of class II amalgam restorations with and without pins.


Using the Whip-Mix face-bow with condylar articulators.


Medical education and community needs for medical care.


Something is happening on our college campuses.


Medical research potential in ambulatory care.


The anatomy of a solo pediatric practice in a small town.


The vaporization and capillarity effect of endodontic medicaments.


The enigmatic chondrosarcoma of the maxilla.


Determination and analysis of absorbed doses resulting from various intraoral radiographic techniques.


An unusual rhinolith.

An unusual rhinolith.


Lipid components of human dental periapical lesions. Histochemical and histophysical observations.


Use of wire sutures for fracture fixation.


Aneurysmal bone cyst of the maxilla.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the maxilla.


The role of condylotomy with interpositional silicone rubber in temporomandibular joint ankylosis.


The role of microorganisms in the production of oral malodor.


Leukoedema of the buccal mucosa in Negro children and youth.


The surface of genetically determined hypoplastic enamel in human teeth.


The oral and dental manifestations of trisomy D syndrome.


Extraosseous ameloblastoma.

Extraosseous ameloblastoma.


Allozymes as diagnostic characters of sibling species of Drosophila. Considerable enzyme variation that is genetically controlled exists within and between natural populations of Drosophila. Our studies of two groups of sibling species show that allozyme differences can be used as species-diagnostic characters. A locus is defined as diagnostic if an individual can be correctly assigned to one of two species with a probability of 99% or higher. Between 15 and 32% of the loci studied are diagnostic for any two of the sibling species. If several diagnostic loci are used, the species of any individual can be diagnosed with virtual certainty.


Niche overlap as a function of environmental variability. The relationship between environmental variability and niche overlap is studied for a class of model biological communities in which several species compete on a one-dimensional continuum of resources, e.g., food size. In a strictly unvarying (deterministic) environment, there is in general no limit to the degree of overlap, short of complete congruence. However, in a fluctuating (stochastic) environment, the average food sizes for species adjacent on the resource spectrum must differ by an amount roughly equal to the standard deviation in the food size taken by either individual species. This mathematical result emerges in a nonobvious yet robust way for environmental fluctuations whose variance relative to their mean ranges from around 0.01% to around 30%. In short, there is an effective limit to niche overlap in the real world, and this limit is insensitive to the degree of environmental fluctuation, unless it be very severe. Recent field work, particularly on bird guilds, seems in harmony with the model's conclusion.


T4 transfer RNAs: codon recognition and translational properties. T4 phage transfer RNAs recognize the previously assigned codons for a given amino acid; however, they tend to prefer code words that are less well recognized by their host. The phage transfer RNAs are more effective in polypeptide synthesis with T4 rather than Escherichia coli messenger RNAs.


Proximity relationships in rhodopsin.

Proximity relationships in rhodopsin. Energy transfer was used as a spectroscopic ruler to deduce proximity relationships within bovine rhodopsin in digitonin solution. Rhodopsin was specifically labeled with fluorescent chromophores at three sites. Site A was alkylated by fluorescent derivatives of iodoacetamide. Site B was labeled by fluorescent disulfides, by a disulfide-sulfhydryl interchange reaction. Sites A and B are sulfhydryl residues. Acridine derivatives were tightly bound to site C by noncovalent interactions. The labeled rhodopsins retained their 500-nm absorption band and were regenerable after bleaching, suggesting that the fluorescent probes did not grossly perturb the conformation of the protein. A fluorescent chromophore at one of these sites served as the energy donor, while 11-cis retinal was the energy acceptor. The efficiency of singlet-singlet energy transfer was determined from the quantum yield and excited-state lifetime of the donor in the presence and absence of the acceptor. By Förster's theory, the apparent distances between 11-cis retinal and sites A, B, and C were calculated to be 75,55, and 48 A, respectively. Energy transfer measurements on rhodopsin labeled at two of these sites gave these apparent distances: 35 A for A to B, 32 A for A to C, and 30 A for B to C. These energy transfer studies suggest that the rhodopsin molecule has a length of at least 75 A. Thus, the rhodopsin molecule appears to be sufficiently long to traverse the disc membrane. Rhodopsin might act as a light-controlled gate.


Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus in vitro: effect of state of polymerization of the protein component. The in vitro assembly of tobacco mosaic virus from its constituent RNA and protein was followed by methods of electron microscopy. The effect of the state of polymerization of the protein upon the initiation of assembly of tobacco mosaic virus rods, and the subsequent rod elongation, was investigated. Protein in two identifiable states of polymerization was used: the 20S "disc", consisting of 34 monomers arrayed as a two-ring structure, and the 4S "A-protein", consisting of polymers in the trimer range of size. It is concluded, in confirmation of results of others, that rod assembly is initiated by the attachment of one end of the RNA chain of tobacco mosaic virus to one (or possibly a few) disc structure. Rod elongation, on the other hand, is found to take place by the sequential addition of structures of the size of A-protein, or smaller, to the previously initiated rods.


Tract specificity in the structure of down feathers of the newly-hatched chick. Comparative study of completed down feathers from seven of the major tracts of newly-hatched Silver Campine chicks reveals tract-specific differences in the total length of the primary group of barbs and in the length of their barbule-free tips. Two classes of barbs can be distinguished on the basis of overall length in feathers of any one of the tracts: (a) those barbs that form from the first group (complement) of 9-11 barb ridges that arise in strict dorsoventral order around the circumference of the epidermal cylinder strict dorsoventral order around the circumference of the epidermal cylinder of the feather germ, and (b) those barbs that are added secondarily, later, either by the formation of a newly organized ridge between the bases of two of the original group of barb ridges, or by the splitting of one or more of the original complement of barb ridges. The primary (majority) group of ridges, only, are of use in gauging tract specificity. The statistical significance of measurements of total barb-length and the length of the barbule-free tips have been evaluated; differences between the feathers of each of the seven tracts examined can be distinguished statistically. The fact that the first feathers to form from the papillae are tract-specific shows, unquestionably, that specificity is present in the papillae from the very beginning of their organization, as might be inferred from their orderly pattern of origin in time and space within each of the various tracts.


The contribution of embryo extract to myogenesis of avian striated muscle in vitro. Myogenesis of avian striated muscle in vitro requires the presence of serum and embryo extract. The serum requirement can be satisfied by insulin. Embryo extract contributes at least two factors, one of which promotes the fusion of myoblasts, whereas the other promotes the development of myotubes.


Ovalbumin messenger RNA of chick oviduct: partial characterization, estrogen dependence, and translation in vitro. A rapidly-labeled RNA fraction can be isolated from hen oviduct polysomes that has characteristics of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the cell-specific protein, ovalbumin. This RNA, which sediments in the 8-17S region of sucrose gradients, possesses properties suggestive of the presence of a polyadenylic acid sequence and can be translated with fidelity in a cell-free protein synthesizing system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. The identity of the protein product as ovalbumin is confirmed by three methods, and translation of ovalbumin mRNA is shown to be dependent both on amount of exogenous mRNA and incubation time. Both rate and extent of ovalbumin synthesis is enhanced by the addition of a protein extract from ribosomes that contains peptide chain initiation factors. Finally, the presence of this specific mRNA is shown to be estrogen-dependent: it is induced by estrogen administration to immature chicks, disappears upon cessation of estrogen treatment, and can be reinduced by a single injection of estrogen to chicks that have been pretreated with estrogen and then withdrawn from the hormone.


Fluorescence of lysozyme: emissions from tryptophan residues 62 and 108 and energy migration. The bulk of the fluorescence of lysozyme is located in Trp 62 and Trp 108. By examination of the fluorescence of derivatives in which Trp 62 and/or Trp 108 are specifically oxidized, it has been possible to detect a pH-dependent interaction between tryptophan residues. This interaction is interpreted as energy transfer from Trp 108 to Trp 62.


Simplified method in polynucleotide helix-coil transition theory including binding of complementary monomer. The grand partition function for a long linear system of alternating alpha and beta sequences with the restraint of a fixed number, N(alphabeta), of alphabeta boundaries depends in an extremely simple way on the alpha-sequence and beta-sequence grand partition functions, xi(alpha) and xi(beta). When the restraint is removed, we have mualphabeta = 0, where mualphabeta is the chemical potential conjugate to N(alphabeta). The grand partition function and the condition mualphabeta = 0 lead to the fundamental relation 1 = xi(alpha)xi(betaz2), where z = e(-omega)alphabeta(/kappaT) and omegaalphabeta = boundary free energy. This is a generalization of an earlier equation of Hill, and is equivalent to a result due to Lifson. Binding of a substrate does not affect the argument: the new component is simply included in xialpha and xibeta. A model for the binding of adenosine on poly(U) is used as an example.


Affinity labeling of the acetylcholine receptor in the electroplax: electrophoretic separtion in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Electroplax, single cells dissected from electric tissue of Electrophorus, are labeled in a two-step procedure: reduction by dithiothreitol followed by alkylation by the affinity label 4-(N-maleimido)-alpha-benzyltri-[methyl-(3)H]methylammonium iodide, either alone or in combination with [2,3-(14)C]N-ethylmaleimide. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate on polyacrylamide gel of an extract, prepared with this detergent, of single-labeled or of double-labeled cells results in a major peak of (3)H activity, with a mobility corresponding to a polypeptide of molecular weight 42,000. In addition, in the double-labeled samples, there is a unique peak in the ratio of (3)H to (14)C that is coincident with the (3)H peak. The electrophoretic patterns of extracts of cells in which affinity alkylation of the reduced receptor has been suppressed by dithiobischoline, an affinity oxidizing agent, by cobratoxin, an irreversible ligand, or by hexamethonium, a reversible ligand, show a considerably diminished peak of (3)H activity in the region of molecular weight 42,000. This is the predominant difference between the electrophoretic patterns of extracts of unprotected and of protected cells. Furthermore, extracts of cells protected with dithiobischoline before labeling with both tritiated affinity label and [(14)C]N-ethylmaleimide do not show the peak in the (3)H to (14)C ratio seen in the absence of protection. Thus, by several diverse criteria, the peak of (3)H activity corresponding to a molecular weight of 42,000 contains affinity-labeled acetylcholine receptor or receptor subunit.


On the mechanism of action of vitamin B 12 . Model studies. Thermal rearrangement of methyl 3,3-dimethylglycidate to methyl levulinate. The discovery that methyl 3,3-dimethylglycidate rearranges to methyl levulinate on heating is discussed in terms of its possible consequences for the mechanism of action of the coenzyme B(12)-dependent enzymes: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2), glutamate mutase (EC 5.4.99.1), and a-methyleneglutarate mutase. It is also suggested that the proposed mechanism may provide a unifying link between the mechanism of action of the above enzymes and that of the coenzyme B(12)-dependent dioldehydrase and related enzymes.


Citrate lyase: a pantothenate-containing enzyme. Citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes inactivated by reaction in the presence of substrate or by treatment with hydroxylamine can be reactivated with acetic anhydride only if its sulfhydryl groups are reduced. Alkaline hydrolysis of pure citrate lyase yields about 3 mol of phosphopantothenate per mol of enzyme.


Gyrinidal: a sesquiterpenoid aldehyde from the defensive glands of gyrinid beetles. Three species of gyrinid beetles (Gyrinus ventralis, Dineutes hornii, and D. serrulatus) have been found to produce the nor-sesquiterpenoid aldehyde gyrinidal in the secretion of their pygidial defensive glands. This highly functionalized terpene is shown to be (E,E,E)-3,7-dimethyl-8,11-dioxo-2,6,9-dodecatrienal on the basis of spectral evidence and chemical degradation. While a very wide range of sesquiterpenoid structures occur in nature, gyrinidal appears to be the most highly oxidized acyclic sesquiterpene known.


Nonmathematical concepts of selection, evolutionary energy, and levels of evolution. The place of mathematics in hypotheticodeductive processes and in biological research is discussed. (Natural) Selection is defined and described as differential elimination of performed sets at any level. Sets and acting sets are groups of units (themselves sets of smaller units) at any level that may or do interact. A pseudomathematical equation describes directional change (evolution) in sets at any level. Selection is the ram of evolution; it cannot generate, but can only direct, evolutionary energy. The energy of evolution is derived from molecular or chemical levels, is transmitted upwards through the increasingly complex sets of sets that form living systems, and is turned in directions determined by the sum of selective processes, at different levels, which may either supplement or oppose each other. All evolutionary processes conform to the pseudomathematical equation referred to above, use energy as described above, and have a P/OE (ratio of programming to open-endedness) that cannot be measured, but can be related to other P/OE values. Phylogeny and ontogeny are compared as processes af directional change with set selection. Stages in the evolution of multi-cellular individuals are suggested, and are essentially the same as stages in the evolution of some multi-individual insect societies. Thinking is considered as a part of ontogeny involving an irreversible, nonrepetitive process of set selection in the brain.


Formation of a mammalian initiation complex with reovirus messenger RNA, methionyl-tRNA F , and ribosomal subunits. Previous data demonstrated that reovirus mRNA, synthesized in vitro with the particulate RNA transcriptase of reovirus cores, efficiently directs the synthesis of polypeptides in vitro. The present studies indicate that all of the three size classes of reovirus mRNA produced in vitro can form protein initiation complexes with rat liver [(36)S]Met-tRNA(F) and incubated 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits, which had been washed in 0.5 M KCl of mouse fibroblast L-929 cells. Mild prior treatment of the mRNA with HCHO was required to expose the initiator region. The initiation complex reacted quantitatively with puromycin to form a puromycin peptide, whose electrophoretic properties were identical to methionyl-puromycin formed in response to poly(A,G,U) or the initiator codon AUG. The complex was relatively stable and specific for [(35)S]Met-tRNA(F); rat liver [(35)S]Met-tRNA(M) was unreactive unless the supernatant factors EF T(1) and EF T(2) were also present. However, the addition of fusidic acid, at a concentration that did not affect complex formation with [(35)S]Met-tRNA(F), completely inhibited Met-tRNA(M) utilization. Exogenous ribosomal factors and GTP were not required unless the separated 40S and 60S subunits were further treated with 1 M KCl. The data suggest that reovirus mRNA contains AUG initiator codons that form a complex with Met-tRNA(F) at a puromycin-reactive site on ribosomes.


Chemical mutagenesis at the phosphoribosyltransferase locus in cultured human lymphoblasts. The presence of selectable genetic markers in long-term human lymphoblast cultures would facilitate cell hybridization experiments on the biosynthesis of immunoglobulins, as well as other studies. This work reports the induction with ethylmethane sulfonate of 6-thioguanine - resistant, phosphoribosyltransferase - deficient mutants in a lymphoblast line from a patient with infectious mononucleosis. These cells were unusually sensitive, with a D(0) value of 28 mug of ethylmethane sulfonate per ml; the sensitivity curve followed a biphasic pattern suggesting the presence of 3% resistant cells. Ethylmethane sulfonate increased the frequency of mutants resistant to 6-thioguanine over 100-fold, to about 2 x 10(-4); nitrosoguanidine was less effective. Almost all the mutants contained considerably less than 1% of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) activity of wild-type cells. The mutation did not appear to result from loss of an X chromosome.


Affinity chromatography and purification of the insulin receptor of liver cell membranes. Relatively simple and rapid procedures are described for the large-scale preparation of liver membranes that contain virtually all of the high affinity insulin-binding activity of liver homogenates. The presumed insulin recepotr, which is extracted from these membranes in soluble form with Triton X-100, can be further purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation (3-fold purification) or by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography (60-fold purification). Several insulin-agarose derivatives have been synthesized that can efficiently extract the insulin-binding protein from the detergent extracts of the membranes. The receptor macro-molecule can be eluted from the affinity columns in high (50-80%) yield by use of urea-containing buffers of moderately low pH. The receptor, thus purified by small-scale affinity chromatography experiments, approaches theoretical purity on the basis of its specific activity. This protein is purified about 250,000-fold from the liver homogenate by detergent extraction and affinity chromatography.


Homonuclear internuclear double resonance spectroscopy as a basis for determination of amino acid conformation. INDOR (Internuclear Double Resonance) spectroscopy is shown to be superior to conventional (spectra obtained not by sweeping, but by maintaining constant the decoupling frequency) nuclear single- or double-resonance techniques for conformational studies of amino acids and amino acid residues in the following ways: (a) INDOR spectra of amino acids are inherently simpler than conventional proton magnetic resonance spectra of amino acids, and INDOR spectra of individual amino acid residues are slightly, if at all, complicated by overlap with either solvent peaks or the transitions of nuclei in other residues. (b) For each amino acid, the side-chain and C(alpha) proton belong to a particular class of spin system characterized by unique INDOR spectra, the pattern of which aids in the proper assignment of spectral lines. (c) For an amino acid with a first-order spin system, INDOR spectra directly reveal hidden chemical shifts and coupling constants. For an amino acid with a spin system other than first-order, INDOR spectra indirectly reveal values for chemical shifts and coupling constants as follows: INDOR spectra permit construction of a topological spin energy level diagram which, in turn, allows division of the PMR spectrum of the spin system into subspectra that easily yield values for chemical shifts and coupling constants. Although we only report INDOR spectra of free amino acids or amino acid derivatives that resemble amino acid residues in polypeptides, we, in effect, demonstrate a novel method to obtain total polypeptide conformation based on INDOR spectroscopy, inasmuch as the total conformation is the sum of the individual residue conformations.


Purification of erythropoietin-responsive cells by immune hemolysis. Immature erythroid cell precursors from 12- and 13-day fetal mouse livers were concentrated by differential antibody-mediated hemolysis. The effect of erythropoietin on these purified erythroid cell precursors was studied in vitro. Addition of erythropoietin stimulates erythroid cells to proliferate, and to differentiate to cells that actively synthesize hemoglobin. This erythropoietin-induced erythropoiesis is sustained in culture for at least 48 hr.


Three types of gap junctions interconnecting intestinal epithelial cells visualized by freeze-etching. Gap junctions are specialized membrane regions that seem to mediate intercellular communication. They appear to contain closely packed arrays of equally sized particles all of which, upon freeze-cleaving, remain attached to one membrane leaflet and not to the other. One gap junction cleavage face, therefore, always exhibits a closely packed array of particles, while the other features a corresponding array of pits. By using these morphological criteria, we have been able to distinguish three different types of gap junctions interlinking adjacent epithelial cells of the small intestine. All three types may be found in close proximity to each other, and in all cases, the particles remain attached to the cleavage face of the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet (A-face). The most frequently encountered type-I gap junctions, which have already been observed in many other tissues, possess 8- to 9-nm (80- to 90-A) particles with a center-to-center spacing of 9-10 nm (90-100 A) when packed in a hexagonal lattice. Type-II gap junctions are always found in close association with type-I junctions. They can be distinguished from the type-I junctions by the greater size [10-11 nm (100-110 A) in diameter] and the greater spacing (190-200 A) of their hexagonally arrayed particles. In contrast, the particles of the type-III gap junctions are arranged in very small rectilinear arrays with a spacing of only 6-8 nm (60-80 A). Gap junctions may be involved in the control of intercellular flow of different types of regulatory molecules.


Amphetamines: correlation of activity with stability of molecular complexes. Molecular complexes have been prepared from several biologically active methoxyamphetamines and 1,4-dinitrobenzene. The association constants of these complexes, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, correlate linearly with the threshold hallucinogenic dose in humans.


Light-induced fluorescence changes in Chlorella, and the primary photoreactions for the production of oxygen. The light-induced increases of the effective fluorescence yield in Chlorella are too slow to be primary processes in photosynthesis. The fast transient state (risetime 25 nsec, limited to the first flash) is attributed to a priming reaction for the photosystem that makes oxygen. The slower cyclical process (risetime 3 musec, decay time 200 musec and 2 msec) is attributed to the dark reactions that make oxygen after photoexcitation of this system. The slower cyclical process is also distinguished by a narrower emission spectrum that peaks at a shorter wavelength than the dark adapted or fast transient state. A minimum of six different fluorescent states are required to explain the data. In addition to the usual assumption about changing quantum yield of fluorescence in these processes, the data suggest that changes in cross section of optical absorption must also be considered. The slowest relaxation times observed (0.2-2 msec) are well correlated with the slow steps detected in evolution of oxygen.


Unexpected resistance to x-irradiation in a strain of hybrid mammalian cells. The radiosensitivities of a strain of mouse fibroblasts (Cl-1D), of rat pituitary cells (GH(1)2C(1)), and of a hybrid between the two (alpha-RST) have been studied. Their mean chromosome numbers were 50, 70, and 111, respectively. The hybrid cells were much more resistent to radiation than either of the parent strains. The range of the D(0) (reciprocal of the slope, and therefore a measure of radiosensitivity) for the linear portion of the survival curves for each cell line was: Cl-1D, 134-142 R; GH(1)2C(1), 154-170 R; and alpha-RST, 248-274 R. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of the shoulder or extrapolation number of the survival curves, nor in the ability of the three cell strains to accumulate and repair sublethal radiation damage. It appears unlikely that the unusual resistance of the hybrid strain is simply related to the increase in chromosome number; more likely, it involves some interaction between the two genomes. The study of somatic cell hybrids may offer further insight into the factors controlling the radiosensitivity of mammalian cells.


Initiation of protein synthesis in HeLa cells. Initiation of protein synthesis in HeLa cells has been synchronized by exposure of the cells to fluoride. Double-labeling of such cells for short pulses with [(35)S]methionine and a tritiated amino acid, followed by Edman degradation of the puromycin-released nascent peptides, has shown that the percent of N-terminal methionine incorporated compared to total incorporation is significantly higher than the value obtained with any of the other amino acids tested. The results suggest that the bulk of the nascent proteins synthesized in vivo by HeLa cells are initiated with methionine.


Glutamate dehydrogenase: amino-acid sequence of the bovine enzyme and comparison with that from chicken liver. Further investigation of the amino-acid sequence of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) has led to the correction of an earlier tentative sequence. The presently known sequence contains 500 residues in the subunit single peptide chain. The sequence of the homologous enzyme from chicken liver indicates that it contains 503 residues. Of the presently established 485 residues in the chicken dehydrogenase, only 26 residues differ from those in the bovine enzyme. The chicken dehydrogenase also differs in having an additional three residues at the amino terminus. The amino-terminal residue of the chicken enzyme was found to be cysteic acid.


Dynamics of fluorescence polarization in macromolecules. Reexamination of the theory of fluorescence time dependence owing to rotational diffusion of rigid macromolecules reveals deficiencies or hidden restrictions in each of the previous treatments. The correct master equation has five exponential decay terms, with preexponential factors that depend upon the diffusion constants and, in a completely symmetrical fashion, upon the orientations of absorbing and emitting dipoles.


Hyaluronate in morphogenesis: inhibition of chondrogenesis in vitro. Purified hyaluronate, at a concentration as low as 1 ng/ml, blocks the formation of colonies and cartilage nodules in stationary cultures of cells, isolated by treatment with trypsin, from embryonic chick somites and limb buds. This phenomenon in vitro is correlated with sequences of hyaluronate production and hyaluronidase activity during chondrogenesis in embryonic and regenerating tissues in vivo. An hypothesis is proposed in which hyaluronate acts as a regulator or inhibitor of mesenchymal cell aggregation in embryogenesis, its synthesis and removal being part of the mechanism of timing of migration, aggregation, and subsequent differentiation.


Protein electrophoretic profiles and the origin of the B genome of wheat. Protein electrophoretic profiles cast doubt upon the prevalent theory that the B genome of the polyploid wheats was derived from a species of Aegilops. They suggest, instead, that the wild tetraploid wheats comprise a complex, whose components were derived from various combinations of diploid Triticum types, which evidently include the B-genome type.


Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. A convenient technique for the partial purification of large quantities of functional, poly(adenylic acid)-rich mRNA is described. The method depends upon annealing poly(adenylic acid)-rich mRNA to oligothymidylic acid-cellulose columns and its elution with buffers of low ionic strength. Biologically active rabbit globin mRNA has been purified by this procedure and assayed for its ability to direct the synthesis of rabbit globin in a cell-free extract of ascites tumor. Inasmuch as various mammalian mRNAs appear to be rich in poly(adenylic acid) and can likely be translated in the ascites cell-free extract, this approach should prove generally useful as an initial step in the isolation of specific mRNAs.


Caffeic acid metabolism by gnotobiotic rats and their intestinal bacteria. Most metabolites of caffeic acid that are found in the urine of man and experimental animals arise as the result of reactions of the intestinal microflora of the host. This conclusion is now confirmed by the observation that O-methylation, which can be attributed to mammalian enzymes, is the only reaction sustained by caffeic acid in germfree rats. When the germfree rats are selectively infected by one or more bacteria characteristic of the gastrointestinal tract of rodents, the feeding of caffeic acid leads to the appearance in the urine of additional metabolites of caffeic acid. The apparent ability of these bacteria in the host to transform caffeic acid does not necessarily correlate with the transformations of caffeic acid that are demonstrable when the same bacteria are cultivated on artificial media.


Variable decay of memory and its recovery in cycloheximide-treated mice. Mice were trained in an automated visual-discrimination task. When injected with cycloheximide before training, mice showed: (a) some impairment of memory within minutes after the beginning of training, (b) gradual development of total amnesia in less than 3 hr or in more than 6 hr after training, depending on the extent of training, and (c) spontaneous recovery of memory within 3 days after training. The results are consistent with the operation of three processes of memory storage: (i) a short-term process that is independent of protein synthesis, (ii) a long-term that is dependent on protein synthesis, and (iii) a slow-developing memory storage that becomes apparent during the days after training.


Inhibition of influenza virus replication by  -amanitin: mode of action. The replication of influenza virus in chick embryo fibroblast cells is inhibited by alpha-amanitin added during the first 2 hr of infection at concentrations similar to those required to inhibit cellular DNA-dependent RNA polymerase form II in vivo. Of two periods of increased RNA synthesis observed in cells infected with influenza virus, only the first, occurring from 0 to 2 hr after infection, is sensitive to alpha-amanitin. During this early period, there is a stimulation of the activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of nuclei isolated from infected cells. The data suggest that DNA transcription mediated by polymerase II is essential for influenza virus replication.


Messenger RNA for globin in the postribosomal supernatant of rabbit reticulocytes. 10S RNA has been isolated from the postribosomal supernatant of rabbit reticulocyte lysate. This RNA is associated with protein in a ribonucleoprotein particle that sediments at approximately 20S. The 10S RNA extracted from this particle codes predominantly for alpha globin chains when it is translated by a mouse ascites cell-free extract. The product of the cell-free synthesis has been characterized by column chromatography and electrophoresis of the tryptic peptides. About 20% of the total alpha chain mRNA is present in the postribosomal supernatant, whereas beta chain mRNA is almost exclusively associated with polyribosomes.


Axonal sprouts and ( 3 H)norepinephrine uptake by superior cervical ganglia in organ culture. Superior cervical ganglia from adult rats maintained in organ culture show a progressive increase in the rate of uptake of [(3)H]norepinephrine. The enhanced uptake of norepinephrine is a consequence of the development of axonal sprouts. Formation of axonal sprouts, which appear to have many of the properties of sympathetic nerve endings, is inhibited by colchicine and vinblastine, presumably because of the interaction of these drugs with neurotubular protein.


Development of cellular immunity in the human fetus: dichotomy of proliferative and cytotoxic responses of lymphoid cells to phytohemagglutinin. The reactivity of cells in vitro was investigated with specimens from various lymphoid organs of seven human fetuses. Thymocytes responded to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin with significant increases in synthesis of DNA, but failed to produce destruction of xenogeneic target cells. In cells from bone marrow, precisely the converse pattern of reactivity to the mitogen was detected. Lymphocytes from spleen and peripheral blood demonstrated both phytohemagglutinin-dependent functions, while hepatic cells did not respond to phytohemagglutinin. Based on the striking dichotomy of phytohemagglutinin-dependent responses in fetal thymocytes and bone-marrow lymphoid cells, we conclude that phytohemagglutinin-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA synthesis are functions of different populations of lymphoid cells during human embryonic development.


Chemical characterization and surface orientation of the major glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. The major glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane has been isolated by treatment with lithium di-iodosalicylate and found to be a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 50,000. This molecule, which is 60% carbohydrate and 40% protein, carries multiple blood-group antigens, the receptors for influenza viruses, and various plant agglutinins. Four unique carbohydrate-containing peptides (alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3, and beta) are produced by tryptic digestion of the isolated glycoprotein; their order in the molecule has been determined by sequential tryptic digestion of intact erythrocyte membranes and partially digested glycoprotein fragments. Cleavage of the native protein with cyanogen bromide produces five fragments; two of these (C-5 and C-1) contain most of the carbohydrate in the molecule and are derived from the N-terminal half of the polypeptide chain. The nonpolar amino acids of this glycoprotein are located predominantly in the C-terminal fragment (C-2). Phytohemagglutinin conjugated to ferritin has been used to map the distribution of glycoprotein receptors over the surfaces of intact erythrocytes by freeze-etching and electron microscopy. This label localizes to sites on the membrane that overlie the intramembranous particles. These findings suggest that the glycoprotein is oriented at the cell surface with its oligosaccharide-rich N-terminal end exposed to the exterior, while its C-terminal segment interacts with other components in the interior of the membrane to form intramembranous particles.


Membrane transport against the external driving force due to mass transfer-reaction coupling. Coupling between chemical reactions and transport phenomena can cause the substrate concentration at the surface of a membrane to be lower on the substrate-rich side than the substrate-lean side. Thus, the diffusing flux inside the membrane may be counter to the overall external concentration driving force. Graphical solutions of various steady states of such membranes are presented.


Environmental stimuli in the progression of BHK-21 cells through the cell cycle. An L-cell line adapted to grow in protein-free medium is a source of material that stimulates the proliferation of serum-dependent BHK cells under otherwise protein-free conditions. The material produced by the L-cells is resolvable into separate DNA-synthetic and mitotic stimulatory activities. The stimulation of mitosis is dependent upon the presence of one or more heat-labile macromolecules, which can be concentrated by ultrafiltration, and at least one dialyzable component is essential for the initiation of DNA synthesis.


Compositional heterogeneity of human heterochromatin. When human genome was fractionated by thermal elution chromatography, repetitious DNA was found in every arbitrary temperature segment. When these repetitious DNA families were used for in situ hybridization, the following conclusions were evident: (a) Unlike the case of mouse, where essentially all centromeric heterochromatins appear to be composed of one DNA family, human heterochromatin is composed of various DNA families. (b) Some human heterochromatin pieces, (e.g., that of chromosome 9) appear to have more heterogeneous composition than others (e.g., that of chromosome 1). (c) The highly repetitious human DNA fractions are located primarily at the centromeric and telomeric regions, but the interstitial regions also contain these fractions. (d) The more slowly reassociating repetitious sequences are distributed over the length of the chromatid, with a slight bias in favor of the telomeric regions. (e) The repetitious DNA fractions of higher (guanine + cytosine) content have less affinity for the centromeric regions.


Conformationally dependent low-frequency motions of proteins by laser Raman spectroscopy. Low-frequency Raman bands (lower than 50 cm(-1)) exist in certain proteins. They are dependent upon the conformation of the protein molecule, but are relatively independent of the form of the sample, i.e., whether it is a film or a crystal.Low-frequency Raman spectra were obtained from samples of alpha-chymotrypsin that had been prepared in several ways. A peak at about 29 cm(-1) was found for all samples except the one that had been denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Such low frequency motions must arise from vibrations that involve all, or very large portions, of the protein molecule.


Conformational studies on tocinamide and deaminotocinamide by 220 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The 220 MHz spectra of tocinamide and deaminotocinamide, the ring moieties of oxytocin and of deamino-oxytocin, respectively, were investigated in [U-(2)H]dimethylsulfoxide solution. Extensive decoupling and exchange experiments allow complete spectral assignment and determination of many coupling constants. Circular dichroism spectra assigned a right-hand screw sense to the C-S-S-C group. The conformations of tocinamide and deaminotocinamide are different from each other and from those suggested for the ring portions of oxytocin and deamino-oxytocin. The relationship of this difference to biological activity is commented upon. The importance of the interaction of the side chain with the ring in oxytocin and deamino-oxytocin is emphasized.


Protein polymorphism and genic heterozygosity in a population of the permanent translocation heterozygote, Oenothera biennis. Genic allozyme polymorphism and heterozygosity was studied in a large population of the evening primrose, Oenothera biennis, growing in North Haven, Connecticut. This species is a permanent structural heterozygote for the entire complement of 14 chromosomes, and is thus capable of accumulating and maintaining genic heterozygosity. A total of 11 protein species were examined, and these were judged to be controlled by 19 loci. Polymorphism occurs at 26% of the loci, with only two alleles being present at each locus. The proportion of polymorphic loci per population in organisms with normal meiotic systems is no less than in Oe. biennis, indicating that structural heterozygosity is not necessarily accompanied by a greater proportion of polymorphic loci. On the other hand, the average Oe. biennis was heterozygous at 26% of its loci, an amount considerably greater than in most other organisms. With few exceptions, all plants in the North Haven population had the same genotype. Since the species is a colonizer, it is likely that the population was founded by a single individual and retained this genotype by virtue of the genetic system.


Distinction between the preneoplastic and neoplastic state of murine mammary glands. We have, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, measured the relaxation times and diffusion coefficient of water protons in primary mammary adenocarcinomas of mice. In our biological model, three morphological stages were defined: (a) mammary gland tissue from pregnant mice, (b) preneoplastic nodules, and (c) neoplastic tissue. It was found that neoplastic tissues could be distinguished from normal and prenoeplastic tissue. Spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times and the diffusion coefficient of water protons are increased in the neoplastic tissue relative to mammary gland tissue from pregnant mice and preneoplastic nodule tissue.


X-ray diffraction studies of lecithin bimolecular leaflets with incorporated fluorescent probes. X-ray diffraction studies on dispersions and oriented multilayers of dipalmitoyllecithin and different fluorescent probe molecules are reported. Analysis of the diffraction data provides the electron density profile for the different bilayers to 6- to 8-Angstrom resolution. The location of the probe molecules in the bilayer structure and the perturbation of the lecithin bilayer produced by the probes are discussed.


Transfecting deoxyribonucleic acid of Bacillus bacteriophage phi 29 that is protease sensitive. The transfecting activity of Bacillus phage varphi29 DNA, extracted either by sodium lauroyl sarcosine-phenol or by 2 M perchlorate, was destroyed by treatment with proteolytic enzymes, although these enzymes did not effect transfecting DNAs of SPP1, SPO1, and SP50. These facts suggest that a protein is associated with transfective varphi29 DNA. Stabilization of protease-resistance during transfection appeared earlier than that of DNaseresistance, indicating that the protein associated with varphi29 DNA is necessary for initiation of the incorporation of DNA molecules into competent cells. The physical nature of varphi29 DNA before and after the trypsin treatment was investigated by sucrose and CsCl density gradient centrifugations. The trypsin treatment did not alter the sedimentation rate of the unit varphi29 DNA; however, it did convert the sedimentation rate of the aggregated material in the untreated DNA to that of the unit varphi29 DNA. The density of the trypsinized DNA was 0.009 g/cm(3) greater than that of the untreated DNA. The possible location of the protein on the DNA is discussed.


A novel DNA polymerase activity found in association with intracisternal A-type particles. A DNA polymerase activity that promotes the synthesis of poly(dT) has been found in association with intracisternal A-type particles isolated from several mouse tumors. The poly(dT) synthesis activity requires a DNA or RNA primer, is optimal at high salt concentration, prefers magnesium over manganese, and is stimulated by poly(rA). No significant incorporation of dAMP, dGMP, or dCMP was detected in the presence of several RNA and DNA template-primers. The enzyme activity differs in several of its properties from the poly(rA)-directed DNA polymerase activity associated with Rauscher murine leukemia virus.


Calcemic fraction-A: biosynthetic peptide precursor of parathyroid hormone. Calcemic fraction-A (CF-A) is a biologically active, hypercalcemic and bone resorptive peptide, which was detected in, and isolated from, bovine parathyroid glands [Hamilton et al. (1971) Endocrinology 89, 1440-1447]. It has been further purified, and its relationship to parathyroid hormone clarified. The peptide is present in fresh glands at a concentration of about 3 mug/g (parathyroid hormone, 100 mug/g). It contains 109 amino acids (hormone, 84), each of which is present in equal or greater molar ratio than in the hormone. Its molecular weight, calculated from amino-acid composition, is 12,144; determined by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it is 12,500 (hormone, 9563). Per mole, it reacts with antiserum to parathyroid hormone to an extent of 7-10% that of the hormone, and is about 50% as active in its hypercalcemic and bone resorptive properties in the appropriate assays. Time course and pulse-chase experiments with parathyroid gland slices, in which the incorporation of amino acid into isolated peptide and hormone were measured, indicate that the hormone is made from a protein precursor; the patterns of incorporation of radioactivity are those that would be predicted from a precursor-product relationship. When the large peptide was incubated with parathyroid gland extracts it was partially converted to a molecule that appeared to be the hormone, as based upon its coelution with marker hormone from ion-exchange columns. Finally, tryptic digestion of the peptide increased the immunoreactivity of the sample in accord with the known greater immunoreactivity of the hormone than the peptide. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that the peptide is a biosynthetic precursor of the hormone in bovine parathyroid gland.


Control of globin synthesis in cell-free preparations of reticulocytes by formation of a translational repressor that is inactivated by hemin. The control of globin synthesis by hemin in cell-free preparations of rabbit reticulocytes is mediated by an inhibitor (translational repressor) of globin chain initiation that is inactivated by hemin. When the ribosome-free supernatant fraction is warmed at 34 degrees without hemin, it quickly acquires the ability to inhibit a fresh cell-free preparation. If the warmed supernatant fraction is further incubated with hemin, its inhibitory activity is lost. This reversible inhibitor, which is observable only during the early period of incubation without hemin, is distinct from an irreversible inhibitor that becomes prevalent during longer incubations. The reversible inhibitor may be an intermediate in the formation of the irreversible inhibitor. The sensitivity of the reversible inhibitor to inactivation by hemin, which permits resumption of globin synthesis in both intact cells and lysates, indicates that the inhibitor is a physiological regulator.


Structures of the visual chromophores and related pigments: a conformational basis of visual excitation. A detailed conformational analysis of the known crystal structures of vitamin A, carotenoid, and xanthenoid derivatives has been made. These studies suggest that the visual chromophore 11-cis retinal and its isomers may each occur in several different conformational states, which would be expected to have different lightabsorbing characteristics. The presence of such states for 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal may contribute to the observed rhodopsin intermediates that have been characterized by different lambda(max) values, and to the breadth of spectral response in scotopic and color vision.


Separation and translation of the mRNAs coding for   and   chains of rabbit globin. A method is presented to separate the mRNAs coding for alpha and beta globins of rabbit reticulocytes. 10S RNA was extracted from the light and heavy polysomes created by incubation of reticulocytes with L-O-methylthreonine, and assayed for mRNA activity in an ascites cell-free extract. Tryptic digests of the in vitro products demonstrated that the heavy polysomes yielded beta globin mRNA at least 90% free of alpha mRNA activity, and that the light polysomes yielded alpha mRNA at least 70% free of beta mRNA activity.


High-resolution shadowing of transfer RNA. High-resolution shadowing with metals that melt at high temperatures was used to study macromolecules. Molecules of transfer RNA shadowed with tantalum-tungsten are readily visualized in an electron microscope. Mounting procedures for tRNA were perfected that reproducibly gave uniform distributions of both monomeric and dimeric tRNA particles, and allowed a statistical assessment of their gross shapes and sizes. Monomeric tRNA yielded a fairly homogeneous population of rod-shaped particles, with axial dimensions of about 40 x 85 A. Dimers of yeast alanine tRNA held together by hydrogen bonds and dimers constructed by covalent linkage of the amino-acid acceptor (3'-) termini of monomers both gave slightly more heterogeneous populations of particles. Yet, their structures were also basically rod shaped, with their lengths ranging to about twice that of the monomer; this result indicates an end-to-end arrangement of the monomeric units within both dimers. These results suggest that the amino-acid acceptor terminus and the anticodon region are at the ends of the rod-shaped, dehydrated tRNA monomer visible by electron microscopy, consistent with the generally accepted view of tRNA structure in solution suggested by other workers using other methods. This study demonstrates that high-resolution shadowing with tantalum-tungsten provides a means to examine the three-dimensional structures of relatively small biological macromolecules.


Adenovirus messenger RNA in mammalian cells: failure of polyribosome association in the absence of nuclear cleavage. The nuclear synthesis of adenovirus-specific RNA late in the infectious cycle in the presence of toyocamycin (an adenosine analogue) has been investigated. There is reduced synthesis of viral RNA with an accumulation of virus-specific RNA in the molecular weight range of at least 4 to 8 x 10(6). No new viral RNA associates with cytoplasmic polyribosomes. In addition, hybridization competition experiments indicate a 70% competition between these large nuclear transcripts and polyribosome-associated viral RNA that was synthesized in the absence of inhibitor. These data are consistent with the following interpretations: complete nuclear processing of viral RNA is necessary for polyribosome association, and precursor viral message(s) contain sequences that are lost normally during post-transcriptional processing.


Juvenile hormone induction of esterases: a mechanism for the regulation of juvenile hormone titer. Within a few hours after injection of juvenile hormone into Hyalophora gloveri pupae, several fast-migrating carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) that are sensitive to diisopropylfluorophosphate appear in the hemolymph. Treatment of the pupae with puromycin or actinomycin D prevents the appearance of these hemolymph enzymes, suggesting de novo synthesis of the carboxylesterases. Of the several other compounds investigated, only a potent mimic of the juvenile hormone is able to induce these enzymes. When the induced enzymes are incubated in vitro with (14)C-labeled juvenile hormone, the hormone is rapidly and efficiently degraded. It is suggested that these induced carboxylesterases play an important role in the regulation of juvenile hormone titer.


Specific fractionation of immune cell populations. Antigen-binding cells from spleens of immune and nonimmune mice were isolated by the method of fiber fractionation. Binding of the lymphoid cells to derivatives of nylon fibers made with various antigens was prevented by the presence of the respective free antigen, as well as by antibodies to mouse immunoglobulins. Antigen-binding cells specific for dinitrophenyl groups were separated from direct and indirect plaque-forming cells of the same specificity. Spleen cells from immune and nonimmune animals were fractionated according to their relative affinities for antigen, and the percentage of antigen-binding cells in the spleens of nonimmune animals was estimated. A comparison of the numbers and relative affinities of immunoglobulin receptors of immune and nonimmune populations indicated that after immunization only those antigen-binding cells of higher affinities were increased in number. This finding suggests that the specificity of clonal selection depends not only upon the binding of antigen to a lymphoid cell but also upon the capacity of that cell to be triggered to mature and replicate.


Biochemical sequences in the transformation of normal fibroblasts in adolescent rats. Coarse powders of acid-insoluble matrix of diaphysis and calvarial parietal bone rapidly and consistently transformed fibroblasts into masses of cartilage and bone containing hemopoietic marrow. The transformant was encapsulated by fibroblasts within 24 hr to form a plaque. Transformation was restricted to the central thicknesses of the plaque. Under the stated conditions the alteration of the phenotype, fibroblast to chondroblast, was an unstable transformation, whereas the phenotype change, fibroblast to osteoblast, was stable. The transformation occurred on a rigid timetable of sequences. Measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity and incorporation of radioactive sulfate, phosphate, and calcium were sensitive and quantitative assays for the appearance of the transformed products, cartilage and bone.


Calf crystallin synthesis in frog cells: the translation of lens-cell 14S RNA in oocytes. 14S RNA isolated from calf-lens polyribosomes was injected into oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis. Oocytes injected with 14S RNA and buffer contained a protein resembling the A2 chain of calf alpha-crystallin; oocytes injected with buffer alone contained no crystallin-like material. alphaA2 crystallin polypeptides were identified by various criteria: urea-gel electrophoresis under acidic and basic conditions, gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-terminal analysis, and paper chromatography of methionine-containing tryptic peptides. It is concluded that when it is injected into a living frog oocyte, the 14S RNA from lens tissue is reasonably stable and has the properties of an alphaA2 crystallin messenger. The messenger requires no lens cell-specific components for translation within the oocyte, and the translational machinery of the frog cell will accept messenger RNA from a totally different cell type from another species. The A2 chains of alpha-crystallin extracted from lens tissue possess an acetylated N-terminal methionine residue; the N-terminal methionine of alphaA2 chains derived from frog oocytes injected with 14S RNA was also acetylated.


A molecular theory of ion-conductng channels: a field-dependent transition between conducting and nonconducting conformations. Structural and conformational requirements for an electric field-dependent transition between conducting and nonconducting macromolecular systems are: two kinetically interconvertible and energetically similar conformations, one conducting and the other nonconducting, which have axes spanning the lipid layer of biological membranes, but which have different net dipole moments along those axes. Two examples are described. A previously defined helix, the pi(6)LD-helix now termed the beta(6) (3,3)-helix, is proposed as the conducting species, and the linear peptide correlate of the cyclic hexapeptide conformation containing two beta-turns and an inversion element of symmetry is proposed as a nonconducting species. The latter is termed an anti-beta(6) (2)-spiral and contains little or no net dipole moment per turn, whereas the beta(6) (3,3)-helix contains a net dipole moment along the helix axis of about 0.5 Debye per dipeptide unit. A related conducting and nonconducting pair with large net dipole moments of opposite sign, termed syn-beta(6) (2)-spiral and beta(6) (2,4)-helix, are also described. The spiral conformations are stabilized in a lipid layer by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, leading to a linear association of transmembrane structures. A conformational transition in one member of the array could lead to destabilization of an adjacent member of the array. The conformational analysis uses a concept of cyclic conformations with linear conformational correlates. The anti-beta(6) (2)-spiral and beta(6) (3,3)-helix are derivable from the conformations of the cyclic structure [unk], whereas the syn-beta(2)-spiral and beta(6) (2,4)-helix may be derived from the cyclic structure [unk].The conformational analysis leads to the expectation that N-formyl-(L-Ala-L-Ala-Gly)(n) would form conducting channels.


Fractionation of antigen reactive cells on a cellular immunoadsorbent: factors determining recognition of antigens by T-lymphocytes. Monolayers of mouse fibroblasts were used as cellular immunoadsorbents to separate rat lymphocytes that recognize specific mouse histocompatibility antigens. Normal lymphocytes were incubated on fibroblasts of strain C3H/eb, and nonadherent cells were separated from adherent cells, then transferred for sensitization onto fresh monolayers of C3H. When tested on (51)Cr-labeled target monolayers the nonadherent cells manifested significantly lower cytotoxicity than the adherent cells. However, the nonadherent cells could be sensitized against mouse fibroblasts of an unrelated H-2 phenotype (strain Balb/c). The immune specificity of the adherence was further demonstrated by a stepwise adsorption, which resulted in complete loss of the capacity to acquire specific lytic activity towards C3H antigens. Lymphocytes recognizing strain-specific antigens of the mouse were separated at 37 degrees (not at 0 degrees or 4 degrees ); separation was inhibited after treatment with dinitrophenol, sodium azide, or trypsin. Prior treatment with neuraminidase rendered the lymphocytes suceptible to separation at 0 degrees .


Introducting of the 3-deoxy group in 3,6-dideoxyhexoses: a novel cofactor function for pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate. A cofactor needed for the reduction of CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose to CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxy D-glucose has been detected and purified. Its spectra in neutral, acid, and basic solutions, its behavior on thin-layer chromatography, and other properties led to its identification as pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate. Moreover, authentic pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate substituted for the purified cofactor with about the same specific activity. Other vitamin B(6) derivatives did not stimulate the reaction, and inhibition was observed with some of them.


Crystallization of tRNA Leu -synthetase from baker's yeast. tRNA(Leu)-Synthetase from baker's yeast has been crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution. The crystals are of orthorhombic symmetry, falling into space group [unk] or [unk] with a = 75.5 A, b = 110.7 A, and c = 124.0 A. This unit cell contains four molecules of the native (dimeric) enzyme, with eight asymmetric units, each corresponding to the enzyme subunit. Diffraction patterns obtained for the three major projections contain reflections to spacings of less than 3.5 A, indicating that this crystal form is amenable to structure analysis to atomic resolution.


Frequency of cancer of the cervix in a West Virginia county.


Voluntary hyperventilation as a cause of needless drowning.


Benefits and liabilities of generic prescribing.


Mass chest x-ray screening.

Mass chest x-ray screening.


Post-ectopic inhibition phenomenon.

Post-ectopic inhibition phenomenon.


The child versus the adult.

The child versus the adult.


Indications and contraindications for adult tooth movement.


Histology of tooth movement.

Histology of tooth movement.


Physiology of adult tooth movement.

Physiology of adult tooth movement.


Technique selection for adult tooth movement.


Orthodontic principles.

Orthodontic principles.


The removable orthodontic appliance.

The removable orthodontic appliance.


The use of grassline ligature in periodontal therapy.


The high labial appliance in periodontal therapy.


The use of removable partial dentures in tooth movement.


Band construction and application.

Band construction and application.


Fixed appliances.

Fixed appliances.


Molar uprighting.

Molar uprighting.


Radiologic changes associated with tooth movement.


Postorthodontic maintenance in the adult patient.


Commonly encountered problems.

Commonly encountered problems.


Multidisciplinary treatment: orthodontics-periodontics-restorative dentistry.


Tooth position and the periodontium.

Tooth position and the periodontium.


A study of high anterior chest leads for the diagnosis of the high anterolateral myocardial infarction.


Immunoglobulin response in acute stage of infections.


Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acitivity. I. Clinical study.


Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. 2. Experimental study.


Pemphigus vulgaris--a skin manifestation of epidermoid carcinoma.


Lipemia clearing activity in myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.


Drinking-water lithium and mental hospital admission in North Carolina.


"Doctor-patient or Vendor-Consumer".

"Doctor-patient or Vendor-Consumer".


Health care delivery and a need to re-evaluate the Daniel Boone mystique.


Thallium poisoning in the dog.

Thallium poisoning in the dog.


The strength of corroded amalgam.

The strength of corroded amalgam.


Fibrinolytic activity of alveolar bone in "dry socket".


Gingival condition associated with partial orthodontic treatment.


Influence of cavity washing agents on pulpal microcirculation in the cat.


A microscopic investigation of the adaptation of some plastic filling materials to dental cavity walls.


Salivary secretion in pregnancy. A longitudinal study of flow rate, total protein, sodium, potassium and calcium concentration in parotid saliva from preganant women.


Range of sagittal movement of the mandibular condyles and inclination of the condyle path in children and adults.


Horizontal isometric muscle forces of the mandible. A comparative study of subjects with and without manifest mandibular pain dysfunction syndrome.


Fracturing and safety properties of glass spectacle lenses having back surface vinyl membranes.


Anisometropia and aniseikonia.

Anisometropia and aniseikonia.


The logic basis of an optometric system of disease detection.


Some remarks on ophthalmic test types.

Some remarks on ophthalmic test types.


Simulating accommodation by image autocorrelations.


Estimation of the in vivo oxygen consumption rate of the human corneal epithelium.


Effect of low illumination on galvanic skin response.


Changes in corneal hydration after discontinuing contact lens wear.


Corneal astigmatism in Amerind children.


Additivity as a factor in the moon illusion: a short note.


Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of haemoglobin M Milwaukee.


Codon base randomness and composition drift in coliphage.


Studies on a missing reaction in the visual cycle.


Inactivation of calcitonin by specific organs.


Cat interferon inhibits feline leukaemia virus infection in cell culture.


Reversible inhibition of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity by cytochalasin B.


Leucocyte-transforming agent from mononucleosis is ether-stable.


Electrophoretic mobilities of T and B cells.


Normal differentiation of myeloid leukaemic cells induced by a differentiation-inducing protein.


Adaptation to hypoxia by increased HbO 2  affinity and decreased red cell ATP concentration.


Light maintains high levels of phytochrome intermediates.


Nuclear and cell divisions in isolated pollen of Petunia hybrida in agar suspension cultures.


Dominance at a fungus mating type locus.


Increased vascular resistance by prostaglandins B 1  and B 2  in the isolated rat pancreas.


Principal arguments in scientific research.


Callus formation from single protoplasts of petunia.


Mediastinal emphysema as a complication of dental treatment.


Treatment of non-vital permanent incisors with calcium hydroxide. I. Follow-up of periapical repair and apical closure of immature roots.


The effect of local prednisolone therapy in partial pulpectomy. A microangiographic and histologic study in dogs.


Hyaluronidase activity of dental plaque material from children with healthy and diseased gingiva.


Facial skeletal morphology and dental arch dimensions in girls with postnormal occlusion (Angle class II, div. 1).


A new method for determination of trace amounts of formaldehyde by gas chromatography.


Investigation of formaldehyde content in some dental base materials by gas chromatography.


Socio-economic investigation of school children with high and low caries frequency. 3. A dietary study based on information given by the children.


Revascularisation of regenerating gingiva in female dogs treated with progesterone. A microangiographic study.


Spontaneous osteogenic sarcoma in a stumptail (Macaca arctoides) monkey.


Distance from a promoter mutation to an RNA synthesis startpoint on bacteriophage lambda DNA.


Colchicine-binding proteins in chromatin and membranes.


Exocortis disease: evidence for a new species of "infectious" low molecular weight RNA in plants.


Recirculation of "B" lymphocytes in immunized rats.


Chimaerism in the immune system of tetraparental mice.


The leukaemias. 2. Chronic leukaemia.

The leukaemias. 2. Chronic leukaemia.


Chronic leukaemia.

Chronic leukaemia.


Cell-mediated control of an antibody response.


Scanning electron microscopy of hard tissue barrier following experimental pulpotomy of intact human teeth and capping with calcium hydroxide.


Wetting of dentine by some root canal medicaments.


The effect of pulpectomy and root canal filling in the same treatment, with special reference to local prednisolone therapy. A microangiographic and histologic study in dogs.


The effect of a bacterial dextranase on human dental plaque formation and gingivitis development.


Bruxism and emotional disturbance.

Bruxism and emotional disturbance.


Myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils in acute myeloid leukaemia.


Reduced number of peripheral blood granulocytes in chronic myeloid leukaemia during administration of clofazimine (B 663).


Clinical and cytogenetic studies in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia.


A comparative evaluation of pressure-limited and volume-limited respirators for prolonged postoperative ventilatory support in combat casualties.


On the so-called von Korff fibers as seen on the human predentinal surface.


Tooth enameloid formation of a fish (Hoplognathus fasciatus). Chronological relationship of matrix formation and mineralization of the enameloid and dentin.


Studies on rubber base impression materials. XXIX. Discussions on the setting mechanism of polysulfide rubber as the dental impression material, chiefly viewed from the variations of viscosity and molecular weight. 9. Dynamic properties of formed polysulfide rubber. I.


Studies on rubber base impression materials. 30. Discussions on the setting mechanism of polysulfide rubber as the dental impression material, chiefly viewed from the variations of viscosity and molecular weight. 10. Dynamic properties of polysulfide rubber products. II.


Parodontal inflammation and aging in the laboratory mouse.


Gingival hyperplasia and diphenylhydantoin.


The relationship between malocclusion and periodontal disease.


Effect of tongue brushing on bacteria and plaque formed in vitro.


A two-tone dye test for dental plaque.

A two-tone dye test for dental plaque.


Periodontal involvement in eosinophilic granuloma.


Amino acid composition of the cementum matrix from human molar teeth.


Investigation of the safety and effectiveness of an oral irrigating device.


A longitudinal study of pulsating water pressure cleansing devices.


The incidence of pregnancy tumors and their probable relation to the embryo's sex.


The value of cephalometrics and computerized technology.


Cephalometrics: a perspective.

Cephalometrics: a perspective.


Discrimination between normal and class II individuals using Steiner's analysis.


Secular trends of the face and stature.

Secular trends of the face and stature.


Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism.


Ossification of the adductor sesamoid and the adolescent growth spurt.


Induced change in the anteroposterior relationship of the jaws.


Differentiation of functional and structural dental malocclusion and its implication to treatment.


Partnership orthodontic practice.

Partnership orthodontic practice.


The proper perspective of open bite.

The proper perspective of open bite.


Cell proliferation during immunological perturbation in three transplanted tumours. The cell population kinetics of 3 transplantable tumours has been studied under circumstances in which the tumour growth rate was modified by a disturbance of the immunological status of the host. In 2 cases a complete arrest of growth was achieved but in spite of this there was a barely significant change in the median intermitotic time of proliferating cells. The data indicate that growth retardation was associated with a reduction in the proportion of actively proliferating cells and the rate of cell production, with or without an increase in the absolute rate of cell loss.


Effects of electric stimulation of brain stem reticular formation on hippocampal theta rhythm and muscle activity in unanesthetized, cervical- and midbrain-transected rats.


The art of dental assisting.

The art of dental assisting.


Five ways to keep patients.

Five ways to keep patients.


Hospital laboratory overutilization--its effect on the patient and the pocketbook.


Dalayed tooth transplantation: report of case.


Totasl maxillary osteotomy and retropositioning of the maxilla: report of case.


Posterior maxillary surgery its place in the treatment of dentofacial deformities.


Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: report of cases.


Facial paralysis secondary to mandibular fracture: report of case.


Simplified head drape for oral surgery.

Simplified head drape for oral surgery.


When do you say "no"?

When do you say "no"?


What are removable partial dentures?

What are removable partial dentures?


Control of convulsions by intralingual administration of barbiturates.


Hysterical trismus (conversion reaction). Report of a case.


Oral mucosal erosions.

Oral mucosal erosions.


Diminished root formation.

Diminished root formation.


A possible role of the Merkel cell in aphthous stomatitis.


Intraoral (submucosal) pseudosarcomatous nodular fasciitis. Report of a case.


The incidence of mast cells in selected oral lesions.


"Future shock" in dentistry.

"Future shock" in dentistry.


The relationship of the apical foramen to the anatomic apex of the tooth root.


Osteomyelitis: a complication of pulpless teeth. Report of a case.


Conference on the biology of the human dental pulp. The conference in retrospect.


Editorial: workshop on the biologic basis of modern endodontic practice.


Periodontic-endodontic relationships.

Periodontic-endodontic relationships.


Periodontic-endodontic relationships: a synthesis.


The "visibility" of x-rays.

The "visibility" of x-rays.


A display quotient and a display number for radiographic evaluation of films and radiation quality.


A two-rooted maxillary lateral incisor.

A two-rooted maxillary lateral incisor.


Bilateral fusion of teeth.

Bilateral fusion of teeth.


Late development of second premolar.

Late development of second premolar.


Hydrex and its effect on the pulp. Preliminary findings on the rat molar.


Direct in vivo quantitation of the pentose phosphate pathway in brain.


Neurosecretion in mice subjected to forced swimming.


Lactic dehydrogenase acitivty in the primitive cells of the acute leukemias.


On the relevance of twin studies.

On the relevance of twin studies.


An analysis of alcohol-related questionnaire items from the National Merit Twin Study.


Family history and half-sibling research in alcoholism.


Genetics and alcoholism.

Genetics and alcoholism.


The offspring of alcoholic mothers.

The offspring of alcoholic mothers.


A biochemical and genetic approach to alcoholism.


Infantile amnesia and the etiology of alcoholism.


Birth order as a method of studying environmental influences in alcoholism.


Data on the relation of birth order and sex of sibling of lesbians oppose the hypothesis that homosexualitty is genetic.


Some differences in backgrounds of alcoholics and criminals.


Psychiatric illness in adopted children of alcoholics.


A cross-cultural approach to alcoholism.


On becoming a drinker: social-psychological aspects of an adolescent transition.


Strategies of research into the etiology of alcoholism.


A psychological interpretation of alcoholism.


Family background of alcoholics: some research considerations.


Genetics as a tool in alcohol research.

Genetics as a tool in alcohol research.


Behavioral and physiological differences among rat strains specially selected for their alcohol consumption.


Ethanol consumption and preference in mice: a genetic analysis.


Ethanol preference in strains of rats selectively bred for behavioral characteristics.


Nature and nurture in alcoholism. Preface.


A rat model of alcoholism?

A rat model of alcoholism?


The children of addicts: what do they inherit?


Ontogenetic, polymorphic, and interethnic variation in the isoenzymes of human alcohol dehydrogenase.


Genetic basis of phenobarbital-induced increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase: implications for alcohol research.


Ethanol metabolism: regulation by genetic factors in normal volunteers under a controlled environment and the effect of chronic ethanol administration.


Fact and myth in alcoholism: a call for high-quality research.


Chromosomal irregularities in alcoholics.


Treatment of acute granulocytic leukemia in adults.


Stress and distress in response to psychosocial stimuli. Laboratory and real life studies on sympathoadrenomedullary and related reactions.


The fine structure of end-rings in human periodontal ligament.


Heredity and morphological variation in early and late developing human teeth of the same morphological class.


Differences in growth pattern of bone and incisor of rats exposed to O 2  atmospheric and high pressure.


Continuous recording of tooth eruption in the rabbit.


Modification of dental caries and calculus in rats by fluoride and bicarbonate-phosphate-fluoride additions to dietary sugar.


Development of the teeth in a pouch-young specimen of Isoodon obesulus and one of Perameles gunnii (Peramedidae: Marsupialia).


Development of the incisors in two pouch-young stages of Isoodon macrourus.


Optical and microradiographic appearance of intact and worn human coronal dentine.


The effects of reduced sucrose intake on the formation and composition of dental plaque in a group of men in the Antarctic.


The relationship between fibre length, muscle excursion and jaw movements in the rat.


Reduction of rat caries by trimetaphosphate on different tooth surfaces: variations produced by diet and oral flora.


Ultramicrochemical assay of DNA in oral epithelium of rabbits and rats.


Sarcomere length in the masseter muscle of the rat.


A spectroscopic study of the interaction between human tooth enamel and polyacrylic acid (polycarboxylate cement).


Remineralization of human carious dentine in vitro.


Buoyant densities of DNA from various strains of Streptococcus mutans.


Fine structure of tooth dentine in human dentinogenesis imperfecta.


Organization and vasculature of human periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors.


Surface characterization of the stannous fluoride-enamel interaction.


The effect of demecolcine and of triethanomelamine on the unimpeded eruption rate of normal and root resected incisor teeth in rats.


The effects of chlorhexidine treatment on the electrokinetic characteristics of enamel and cell adhesion to human enamel in vitro.


The effects of chlorhexidine on cell detachment in vitro.


The cell proliferative activity of parodontal tissues in aging mice.


Cytochemical localization of polysaccharides in bacteria.


Rehabilitation of the psychologically disabled worker.


In-vitro mineralization of hypomineralized dentine induced by strontium and fluoride in the rat.


Industrial eye injuries--analysis of 500 cases.


An operating environmental health program.


Dento-facial orthopedics with the Bimler appliance.


Preventive and interceptive orthodontics for the growing child.


Aspects of the dental development in children at ages ranging between five and ten. Report of a longitudinal examination in 442 children.


Tooth accumulated materials: clinical and microscopic appearance.


Responsibility rests at all levels.

Responsibility rests at all levels.


HMOs by any name--where's the dental care? Council on Dental Care Programs.


Letter to the editor: on licensure.

Letter to the editor: on licensure.


Letter to the editor: danger to patients.


Letter to the editor: importance of oxygen.


Letter to the editor: suggests innovations.


From student to licensed dentist: your new role.


The Federation Dentaire Internationale 1972: report of the US national treasurer.


Use of Pont's index in orthodontic diagnosis.


Pin-retained composite resin buildup for extensively broken-down vital teeth.


The full-arch splint using endodontic implants: report of case.


Metastasis of cervical carcinoma to the mandible: report of case.


Precision x-ray device classified as acceptable. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


Guidelines for electrical safety in the dental office. Council of Dental Materials and Devices.


Lack of difference in sex ratio of mice with cortisone-induced cleft palate.


Influence of sugar type on the pattern of acid production by Streptococcus mutans.


Effect of inoculation on bone resorption scores in two rat strains.


Distribution of fluoride in active and arrested carious lesions in dentin.


Use of angular measurements in cephalometric analyses.


Influence of castration on sexual differences in iodine 131 uptake by thyroid and submandibular glands in mice.


14C-eugenol: I. Synthesis, polymerization, and use.


Subcutaneous tooth autografts in rats.

Subcutaneous tooth autografts in rats.


Thermal properties of nonmetallic restorative materials.


Preliminary evidence of periodontal disease in Lemmus trimucronatus skulls from Northern Alaska.


Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion microanalysis of metallographically polished dental amalgam surfaces.


A stabilizing comonomer: I. Synthesis and confirmation of structure.


[Muscle spindle distribution in the masticatory muscle of the Japanese shrew-mole].


Distribution of mast cells and their reactivity to a histamine liberator in the trigeminal ganglion of the rat.


Three-dimensional analysis of dental casts by means of the optocom.


Effect of a mutagenic agent on calcifiability of Bacterionema matruchotii.


Infrared internal reflection spectroscopy of enamel: a comparison of observations with KRS-5 and germanium prisms.


Effect of fluorouracil on testosterone-stimulated growth of seminal vesicles and submaxillary glands of mice.


Use of thymidine-2-14C in the study of bone formation in vitro.


A submandibular duct reservoir.

A submandibular duct reservoir.


A new method to determine tooth positions and dental arch dimensions.


Fluoride transport out of solutions containing hydrophilic colloids.


Hardening of dental gold-copper alloys.

Hardening of dental gold-copper alloys.


Effect of removal of molars on weight increase and food intake in albino rats.


A polyether impression rubber.

A polyether impression rubber.


Health and Welfare Legislation enacted by the Rhode Island General Assembly--January session, 1972.


Health-hospital approach to drug abuse.

Health-hospital approach to drug abuse.


Lateral dominance, pain perception, and pain tolerance.


Effect of fluoride-containing compounds on the skeletal retention of 80Sr and 45Ca in the rat.


Microradiographic comparison of artificial caries systems.


Health planning in Rhode Island.

Health planning in Rhode Island.


Stresses exhibited in a hydrocolloid under load.


Calcium in salivary glands of the rat after autonomic denervation.


Relation of the orogranulocytic migratory rate to periodontal disease and blood leukocyte count: a clinical study.


Fears of the dental situation.

Fears of the dental situation.


Normal neonatal mandibular growth not affected by muscular inactivity.


An abrasion resistance study of some dental resins.


Role of attrition and occlusal contact in the physiology of rat incisors. V. Life cycle of inner enamel epithelial cells at various rates of eruption.


Patient anxiety in the dentist's office.


Morphologic development of the human fetal labial salivary glands.


Relative analgesia.

Relative analgesia.


Report of the inter-agency committee on dental auxiliaries.


Plague control instruction for the dental team. VI. Evaluating your performance.


The library of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry.


Sex development abnormalities.

Sex development abnormalities.


Primary immunodeficiency diseases.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases.


Area health science education center.

Area health science education center.


Rubella Testing Act (H5557) a good bill.


Voluntary hyperventilation as a cause of needless drowning.


Results of 1127 Billroth resections.

Results of 1127 Billroth resections.


Trace metals in human osteogenic sarcoma.


Simplified mechanics: a means of treatment based on available scientific information.


Growth and remodeling of bone and bones.


Treatment approaches for adult orthodontics.


East Harlem and its health resources.

East Harlem and its health resources.


Sedation in dentistry: intravenous diazepam.


Reaction of dog tissue to immediate root filling with zinc oxide cement and gutta percha.


Perception: its meaning, significance, and control in dental procedures. I. Introduction and neurophysiological aspects.


Ideopathic tooth resorption. Case report.


The setting characteristics of two alginate impression materials in relation to temperature change.


Local anaesthetic sensitivity. Case report.


Survey of the use of pre-formed stainless steel crowns in dental practice.


Education of future health pesonnel.

Education of future health pesonnel.


The food we eat.

The food we eat.


Generalized enamel hypoplasia and renal dysfunction.


Electron diffraction studies of carious and non-carious human enamel.


Prolonged cytogenetic and hematologic remission of blastic transformation in chronic granulocytic leukemia.


Masked depressions.

Masked depressions.


Further evaluation of the antitumor activity of homofolate and its reduced derivatives against methotrexate-insensitive tumors.


Basophil leukocytes of peripheral blood in various pathological conditions.


Gaucher cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Anemic stress as a trigger of myelogenous leukemia in the unirradiated RF mouse. Ninety-six percent of mice that were bled of 50 percent of their blood volume when they were 9 weeks old succumbed to myelogenous leukemia by 15 months after phlebotomy, the majority of them dying between 7 and 10 months after this treatment. These results suggest that (i) anemia is an effective stress for triggering myelogenous leukemia in animals that are predisposed to the disease, (ii) the RF mouse is "naturally" prone to the development of myelogenous leukemia, and (iii) the concept of two-step de novo induction of myelogenous leukemia appears to be applicable in this animal.


Aeration after ethylene oxide sterilisation. Failure of repeated vacuum cycles to influence aeration time after ethylene oxide sterilisation.


Impact of the respiratory intensive care unit on survival of patients with acute respiratory failure.


Cystic fibrosis in adults. Report of a case and review of the literature.


Intestinal parasites and nutritional status. V. Intestinal parasites at certain state-operated institutions in South Carolina.


The South Carolina Regional Medical Program plan for manpower extension, and for the regionalization of services and resources to improve health care.


Electronics in nursing. Biomedical applications of space related technology.


A depressive psychosis.

A depressive psychosis.


Isolette respirator modification for constant negative pressure.


Glycogen storage disease type 3 and diabetes mellitus.


Vascular reactivity to noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in hypertensive rats.


Effects of amphetamine on the turnover rate of brain catecholamines and motor activity. 1. Rats receiving (+)-amphetamine (either 0.3 or 0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) are anorexic. Only the former dose increases their motor activity. Both doses fail to change dopamine (DM) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in striatum and teldiencephalon. The turnover rate of striatal DM is increased only by 0.3 mg/kg of (+)-amphetamine; neither dose changes NA turnover rate in teldiencephalon.2. (-)-Amphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) causes anorexia and hyperthermia in rats but it changes neither the steady-state concentration nor the turnover rate of striatal DM and tel-diencephalic NA. Motor activity is not increased by this dose of (-)-amphetamine.3. Cocaine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) increases motor activity and accelerates the turnover rate of striatal DM. This drug neither accelerates turnover rate of teldiencephalic NA nor causes anorexia.4. These observations suggest that the acceleration of striatal DM turnover rate elicited by (+)-amphetamine and cocaine may be associated with an effect on motor activity. In contrast, the increase of motor activity seems unrelated to the effects of these drugs on noradrenergic tracts of the teldiencephalon.


Elution of "blocking factors" from human tumors, capable of abrogating tumor-cell destruction by specifically immune lymphocytes.


State board licensure: the specialist's viewpoint.


Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) of the mandible: report of a case.


Beyond headline dentistry.

Beyond headline dentistry.


Restoring guidelines for dental assistants courses.


Preventive dentistry: an essential in the future practice of dentistry.


The A.B.C.s of the A.D.A.

The A.B.C.s of the A.D.A.


Ascorbic acid versus allergies.

Ascorbic acid versus allergies.


A cleaner environment: a prescription for the Department of Defense.


Medical and demographic data in the forthcoming Atlas of Hawaii.


An objective approach to the diagnosis and management of abnormal labor.


Otological manifestations of leukaemia.

Otological manifestations of leukaemia.


Battered children and baffled adults.

Battered children and baffled adults.


Magical treatment of disease by outlining the ailing part.


Experimental methods for stimulation of bone healing by means of electrical energy.


The use of technology in ambulatory health care.


A manpower evaluation protocol.

A manpower evaluation protocol.


The Academy project on the functional analysis of allied health personnel in the medical care delivery team.


Pulmonary gas exchange: a comparison of the effects of sighs using helium and oxygen with the effects of positive expiratory pressure plateau.


The significance of transpulmonary pressure changes in children anaesthetized for cardiac surgery--analysis of respiratory mechanics.


A streamlined anaesthetic system.

A streamlined anaesthetic system.


Comprehensive care of adult acute leukemia.


Flap design for the removal of the impacted mandibular 3d molar.


Better dentures with flat occlusal surfaces.


Better amalgams through burnishing.

Better amalgams through burnishing.


Vasopressors.

Vasopressors.


Acute in the young--chronic in the old. 2.


Portable oxygen analyzers.

Portable oxygen analyzers.


They're off and running, thanks to the special skills of a Brantford dentist.


Your security.

Your security.


Cavity bases under amalgam.

Cavity bases under amalgam.


The influence of the periodontium on jaw muscle activity.


Metabolism and interaction of urea and glucose in salivary sediment system.


Pharmacologic control of tooth pulp and mandibular arteriolar pressures in dogs.


The pulpal effects of 50 percent phosphoric acid.


Systemic mercury levels in dental office personnel in Ontario: a pilot study.


Farewell to Fahrenheit.

Farewell to Fahrenheit.


Periodontal effects of restoring proximal tooth surfaces with amalgam: a clinical evaluation in children.


Home as the place to die.

Home as the place to die.


Pulmonary edema: biochemical disorder and management revisited.


The sella turcica in the mentally retarded.


Hernia repair without disability.

Hernia repair without disability.


Suicide.

Suicide.


Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. Treatment with transvenous ventricular pacing and antiarrhythmic drugs.


Sialographic evaluation of parotid and submandibular masses.


Hand, foot, and mouth disease in Southern New Jersey, 1971.


Surgical correction of deformities of the facial skeleton.


L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease.

L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease.


Some observations on chronic respiratory disease in the children of Nova Scotia.


Warts and radiotherapy.

Warts and radiotherapy.


Medicine--in the round--or in a vacuum?

Medicine--in the round--or in a vacuum?


The Victorian Order of Nurses.

The Victorian Order of Nurses.


Painting as a hobby.

Painting as a hobby.


Physician self-assessment.

Physician self-assessment.


Monocytic leukaemia in a cow.

Monocytic leukaemia in a cow.


The effect of N2 and other paraformaldehyde preparations on dog pulp.


Adriamycin (NSC-123127) in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia.


Some masticatory force patterns produced by full denture wearers.


Orthodontic tooth movement using a multiband technique recorded by cine-photography.


Effects of transplacentally injected alkylating agents upon development of embryos. Appearance of intrauterine death and mesodermal malformation.


Platelet ascorbic acid levels in normal subjects and in disease. The platelet ascorbic acid concentration was measured in 26 normal subjects and found to be 20 times as high as in plasma. This is in agreement with previous reports in the literature. The platelets of patients with uraemia, leukaemia, and megaloblastic anaemia had a lower than normal platelet ascorbic acid content. In uraemia and megaloblastic anaemia the plasma ascorbic acid concentration was normal suggesting that a platelet defect may be responsible for the low platelet ascorbic acid content. In leukaemia the low platelet ascorbic acid content is probably secondary to a low plasma level.


Prospect for demand and supply of dentists in Japan--prediction based on an econometric model of effective demand for dental service and estimation of the number of dentists required to meet that demand.


Electron-probe microanalysis of developing rat enamel and dentin.


An autopsy case of the malignant ameloblastoma with metastases to the submaxillary lymph nodes, lungs and thoracic vertebrae.


Expanded functions of the dental assistant. A panel discussion.


So you would like to be a dentist.

So you would like to be a dentist.


Labial and lingual frenectomy.

Labial and lingual frenectomy.


How to reconcile a bank statement.

How to reconcile a bank statement.


Your investments.

Your investments.


Problem patients--how to turn them on and off.


Do dentists support national health insurance?


Dr. Reed's bones and stones.

Dr. Reed's bones and stones.


Practice administration.

Practice administration.


Patient assessment for dental anaesthetic procedures.


Vitamin C status in a group of Egyptian children and its relation to gingival condition.


Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in Egyptian children.


Control of pain and apprehension in the dental patient.


A clinical study on the relationship between the upper and the lower ridges at the correct vertical dimension of occlusion.


Anthropometric study of growth changes of some head and face measurements in an Egyptian group.


Warpage of acrylic resin after recuring.


Idiopathic resorption affecting permanent incisors.


Hemangiomas of the parotid gland.

Hemangiomas of the parotid gland.


A precise in vitro method for the determination of the sealing efficiency of restoration materials.


The use of fluorescent dye for detecting the relative sealing efficiency of various root canal sealers. 1. Qualitative assessment.


Induction of rat osteosarcoma by inoculation of murine sarcoma virus into bone marrow.


Switzerland--some thoughts on the country and its dentistry.


Forensic odontology. Report of a case involving bite marks.


The newly qualified and general dental practice.


Some uses of fluid acrylic resins in prosthodontics.


Notes on the arrangement of cell membranes in the stratum spinosum of normal human oral epithelium.


Recent impression materials. A clinical comment.


Oral pathways of infection, with special reference to endodontics.


Treatment of dental root canals and the marginal contact between filling material and tooth, studied by scanning electronic microscopy.


The antiseptic properties of povidone-iodine and tincture of metaphen used topically on the tooth surface.


Hazards in the 3/3 retainer.

Hazards in the 3/3 retainer.


Adult orthodontics.

Adult orthodontics.


Pre-assembled friction pin technique. A direct, conservative technique for attaining attachment and control of impacted teeth.


Factors relevant to health education.

Factors relevant to health education.


An acrylic palate for added molar support.


This greater need for continuing education.


A plan: effective transition from recent graduate to house officer.


A method for determining the physiologic basis of pulp sensory response. A preliminary report.


Reinforcing the aseptic chain in hospital dental practice.


The interaction between a tricyclic antidepressant and some local anaesthetic solutions containing vasoconstrictors. A rebuttal.


How preventive oriented are you?

How preventive oriented are you?


Lactic acid dehydrogenase in cobalt 60 irradiated rat incisor pulp.


Preventive operative dentistry: hand instrumentation.


Surgery clinic: Bilateral mandibular fractures in an elderly patient.


Tax tips.

Tax tips.


[Incorporation of uridine-H3 and leucine-C14 by submandibular gland cells of mice treated with mi kamycin A--a quantitative double emulsion radioautography].


Cytologic effects of anoxia on submandibular glands of neonatal mice.


Dental suite design relating to the team concept.


Patient acceptance of the delivery of dental care in general practice.


Evaluation of sealing properties of endodontic filling materials and techniques. A preliminary study.


Silverplated crown and bridge dies.

Silverplated crown and bridge dies.


Localized retarded growth.

Localized retarded growth.


Surgical judgment.

Surgical judgment.


Trends in dentistry and their effect on dental auxiliary education.


Why spend money for public relations?

Why spend money for public relations?


Post and core construction.

Post and core construction.


The significance of lupus erythematosus in oral medicine.


Prevention--1972.


Preventive dentistry is not for everybody.


Health care for all: when, how and how much.


Oren A. Oliver memorial lecture.

Oren A. Oliver memorial lecture.


Flint dentist creates medallion of Walt Whitman.


Professional responsibility and the orthodontist.


The Begg light wire technique and the treatment of malocclusion.


Clinical cephalometric standards: a radiographic study of 12-year old British girls.


Septal deformity malocclusion and rapid maxillary expansion.


An inquiring look at a federally sponsored dental health clinic.


The use of innovar and local anesthetics in operating room procedures.


Gingival and lateral periodontal cysts.

Gingival and lateral periodontal cysts.


A heat treatment unit for cobalt alloy wires.


Air conditioning in the surgery.

Air conditioning in the surgery.


A method of photographing orthodontic models.


Periodontal disease. 4. Periodontal surgery.


Mr. Pavitt's dental utopia.

Mr. Pavitt's dental utopia.


How doctors are paid.

How doctors are paid.


William Frank Carver. Dentist, frontiersman, hunter, marksman, Wild West showman.


A profile of the Army Dental Corps.

A profile of the Army Dental Corps.


Never treat a stranger.

Never treat a stranger.


The assessment of pain.

The assessment of pain.


The morphology of alveolar bone in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.


Preventive dentistry. A time for new thinking.


A missing central incisor.

A missing central incisor.


The clinical treatment of a luxated incisor.


The prosthodontic television service.

The prosthodontic television service.


Progress in membrane oxygenator design.

Progress in membrane oxygenator design.


Presidential address.

Presidential address.


Fluoridation: developments in Sweden.

Fluoridation: developments in Sweden.


The measurement in vitro of dentine abrasion by toothpaste.


Salivary inclusion in the mandible. A case report.


Metabolism and biological effects of N 6 -(  2 -isopentenyl)-adenosine on a cell line derived from circulating leukocytes of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Active transport of nitrogen mustard and choline by normal and leukemic human lymphoid cells.


Myeloid leukemia in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).


Evaluation of high-dose bromsulphalein clearance test in the diagnosis of minimal alcoholic liver disease.


The hemolytic action of adrenochrome, an epinephrine metabolite.


Family psychotherapy. Areas of agreement and controversy.


National health care programs in Canada.


The DSSNY Peer Review Manual.

The DSSNY Peer Review Manual.


Scleral allografts in the repair of periodontal osseous defects.


The Dental Society of the State of New York. Peer Review Procedure Manual.


Endodontic-prosthodontic management of sub-gingival coronal fractures: a case report.


Preliminary study of patient reaction to needle gauge.


The dentist and the prevention of serum hepatitis.


Pulse-conducted triangular exercise-ECG test. A feed-back system regulating work during exercise.


Orthodontics and embouchure. A case report.


Growth of the palatal shelves of post-alveolar cleft palate infants. Effects of stimulation appliances.


Success by failure.

Success by failure.