Binucleate classical mycoplasmas pathogenic for goats. The growth of three pathogenic goat mycoplasmas, strains Y, KH1 and Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri (PG3), was studied. They formed classical colonies on agar containing 1/500 thallium acetate. They were inactivated during storage at 2 to 4 C and by freezing and thawing but not by shaking. Only KH1 was killed by sonic treatment. Ultraviolet inactivation curves showed that their colony-forming units were single binucleate cells. Details of their growth curves are given. Filtration through 0.45- or 0.3-mum membrane filters removed up to 97% of the cells. Less than 0.003% passed 0.22-mum membranes. In electron micrographs, the cells were seen replicating by budding and most were 0.6 to 0.9 mum in diameter; but cells between 0.1 and 0.2 mum reproduced. They usually multiplied by producing one bud, a form of binary fission. However, two buds were produced by some synchronized cells, indicating that both nuclei had divided simultaneously to form progeny, an alternate method of multiplication.


In vitro phagocytosis and intracellular fate of variously encapsulated strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Five isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans type A with stable capsular thicknesses were used. Three of the isolates had capsules of medium size, one had a minimal capsule, and the other, a large capsule. Peritoneal exudate cells from Lewis rats were cultured on cover slips in Leighton tubes containing medium 199 and 20% fresh, isologous normal rat serum. Yeast cells were added to the Leighton tube cultures, and, 2 hr later, the extracellular yeasts were rinsed out. Cover slips were removed from some tubes for Wright staining and measurement of both phagocytosis and loss of macrophages. The remaining tubes were reincubated and sampled at 24 or 48 hr. To determine fate of yeast cells after ingestion, washed cover slips were inverted onto agar slide cultures, and specific macrophages were observed in situ for subsequent multiplication of their intracellular yeasts. More than half of the macrophages survived 24 to 48 hr of exposure to different strains of C. neoformans, with small, medium, or large capsules. Phagocytic activity was dependent upon a heat-labile factor in normal rat serum. The number of yeast ingested by macrophages was inversely proportional to the capsular size. Although most of the ingested yeasts were resistant to intracellular killing, the agar culture technique clearly demonstrated that many were unable to multiply, presumably dead. Three of the isolates were more susceptible than the other two, and the fate of these yeasts after engulfment was not correlated with their capsular size.


Prenatal immunization by the oral route: stimulation of Brucella antibody in fetal lambs. No simple means exists for immunizing infants and large animals in utero. The feasibility of stimulating immune response by the oral route was investigated by using the fetal lamb as experimental model and Brucella as prototype antigen. Antigenic stimulation was assessed by serum agglutinin levels. Primary and secondary responses were elicited in fetal lambs by Brucella antigen introduced into the amniotic fluid 10 to 50 days prenatally. One lamb born 75 days after primary exposure in utero mounted a secondary response to antigen at 2 days of age. The evidence of immunization by the oral route suggests that local intestinal immunity also might be acquired in fetal life by this route.


Agglutination of Staphylococcus aureus by rabbit sera. Of 137 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 87 agglutinated in normal rabbit serum. The agglutination was shown to be caused by the Fc-part of immunoglobulin G (IgG). F(ab(1))(2)-fragments of IgG and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in corresponding concentrations were unreactive. The agglutinating strains had a high or moderate content of protein A. Strains with a low content of protein A and protein A-negative mutants did not agglutinate. The importance of the reaction between the Fc part of IgG and protein A for serotyping of S. aureus is demonstrated. Two alternative methods for serotyping S. aureus are suggested, using either F(ab(1))(2) fragments of IgG or intact IgM.


Association of Escherichia coli with the small intestinal epithelium. I. Comparison of enteropathogenic and nonenteropathogenic porcine strains in pigs. Two enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (EEC) differed from a nonenteropathogenic strain of E. coli (NEEC) in their association with porcine small intestinal epithelium. The EEC characteristically were found along villi from tip to base and contiguous to the brush border. They were not in crypts. In contrast, the NEEC characteristically remained in the central lumen near the tips of villi and was only occasionally contiguous to the brush border. No organisms were detected within epithelial cells. The difference in distribution between EEC and NEEC was apparent in ligated jejunal loops 45 min postexposure. The association between host and bacterial cells was most consistently demonstrated on frozen sections of intestine, as other histological techniques removed many bacteria. However, cellular details of the association were best demonstrated in chemically fixed tissues.


Association of Escherichia coli with the small intestinal epithelium. II. Variations in association index and the relationship between association index and enterosorption in pigs. The association between small intestinal epithelium and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) was studied in ligated intestinal loops of pigs and rabbits. The association indexes (degree of association) for each of two porcine EEC strains varied widely among pigs and independently of each other. Significant litter-to-litter variations in association indexes among colostrum-deprived newborn pigs were interpreted to be the result of congenital resistance to association with specific EEC in some pigs. Since enterosorption occurred in loops with low association indexes, it was not necessary for EEC to establish a high association index for them to cause enterosorption in ligated intestinal loops. Two strains of EEC which are enteropathogenic for humans caused enterosorption in ligated loops in pigs 3 weeks old or less but not in 6-week-old pigs.


In vitro response of human lymphocytes to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In vitro culture and stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes were employed to investigate the role of cellular immunity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease. Subjects with documented natural infections served as donors. The lymphocyte response to whole M. pneumoniae organisms was determined as incorporation of tritiated thymidine in a semimicro culture system. The range of cellular reactivity stimulated by specific antigen was within the range stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The difference between responses of subjects with documented infection and serologically negative controls was highly significant. Specific reactivity of peripheral lymphocytes correlated closely with the presence of serum growth-inhibiting antibodies, and both persisted for several years following infection. Serum complement-fixing titers correlated well with lymphocyte stimulability during the first year but antibody, as measured by this technique, tended to disappear in later convalescence. In light of previous studies, which revealed a lack of correlation between humoral antibodies and resistance to reinfection, these results suggest that immunity to M. pneumoniae infection is mediated by circulating small lymphocytes.


Plasmid-associated enterotoxin production in a strain of Escherichia coli isolated from humans. A strain of Escherichia coli isolated from an epidemic of "nonspecific" diarrhea has been shown to harbor a plasmid which specifies enterotoxin production.


Hemagglutinin response of human subjects to common enterobacterial antigen. Ten human volunteers were immunized intravenously with ethanol-soluble common enterobacterial antigen (CA) obtained from Escherichia coli O111. The immunogen contained 6 mg/ml, excluding salts. The antigen was given in amounts of 2 ml each in dilutions of 1:250 (48 mug) and 1:125 (96 mug), respectively, 1 week apart. Serum specimens were obtained prior to immunization and 1 week after the last injection. The CA hemagglutinins were titrated by means of the passive hemagglutination test, with CA from E. coli O14 as indicator antigen. The injections were well tolerated without side-effects by all subjects. A significant (> fourfold) increase in the titers of CA hemagglutinins was observed following immunization in 9 out of 10 volunteers. These results indicate the feasibility of immunization with CA of human subjects and suggest exploration of immunization against infection caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing this common enterobacterial antigen.


Some quantitative effects of nerve growth factor on dorsal root ganglia of chick embryos in culture.


The internal surface area of the adult human lung.


The fate of skin allografts in the rabbit uterus.


Gonadotropin responses to synthetic LRF: dose-response relationship in men.


Fine structure of protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans.


R factors from Proteus rettgeri.

R factors from Proteus rettgeri.


Melanin production by Aspergillus nidulans in batch and chemostat cultures.


Intra-erythrocytic location of Colorado tick fever virus.


Immunosuppressive effects of antimacrophage serum and antithymocyte serum on mouse skin allografts.


Antipyretic effect of fenoprofen.

Antipyretic effect of fenoprofen.


Tumor cell destruction by macrophages.

Tumor cell destruction by macrophages.


The precipitating event in depression. Some methodological considerations.


Partially automated psychiatric interviewing--a research tool.


The use of regional flaps in major head and neck surgery.


Treatment of ascariasis with pyrantel pamoate in Iran.


Evaluation of pyrantel pamoate (Conbantrin) in hookworm infections.


Preliminary studies on the treatment of hookworm with pyrantel pamoate in Iran.


A comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of pyrantel pamoate and bepenium hydroxynaphthoate on Ancylostoma duodenale and other intestinal helminths.


Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, myositis, and thymoma. A new triad.


Neuromuscular manifestations of Graves' disease.


Radioisotope therapy for Graves' disease.


Factors regulating triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in blood.


The eye changes of Graves' disease: overview.


Acute traumatic rupture of major intrathoracic arteries in traffic accidents.


Mapping of genes involved in the synthesis of spermidine in Escherichia coli.


Induction of forward mutations in mutationally defective yeast.


The kinetics of bacterial DNA synthesis during indirect induction of prophage lambda.


Mapping of the chl-B gene in Salmonella typhimurium LT2.


A mutant of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in tetrathionate reductase activity.


Phage P22-mutants with increased or decreased transduction abilities.


A controlled therapeutic study of the irritable-bowel syndrome: effect of diphenylhydantoin.


Body composition and nutrition of adolescent boys training for bicycle racing.


The use of peritoneum in the construction of a vagina.


Maternal nutrition. A selective review of clinical topics.


Herpesvirus hominis infection of the female genital tract.


Freud and Plato on sophistic joking.

Freud and Plato on sophistic joking.


The spectrum of cholera in rural Bangladesh. II. Comparison of El Tor Ogawa and classical Inaba infection.


Intrauterine contraceptive devices: present status and future prospects.


Platelets, pregnancy, and phytohemagglutinin.


Isolation of a crystalline estrogen from urine and the follicular hormone from ovaries.


Simpler networks.

Simpler networks.


Report on a double-blind investigation into the influence of  -pyridyl-carbinol on the cholesterol level of the blood.


Seminal antigens: their alteration in the genital tract of female rabbits and during partial in vitro capacitation with beta amylase and beta glucuronidase.


A technique for creating a skin-lined hemithorax.


Twenty-four-hour preservation of canine kidneys exposed to 45 and 60 minutes of warm ischaemia.


Computer-assisted diagnosis of abdominal pain using estimates provided by clinicians.


Secondary haemorrhage from the arterial anastomosis of renal allografts.


The effect of intravenous prednisolone on survival of rat heart homografts.


Hyperbaric hypothermic perfusion preservation of the ischaemically damaged dog kidney.


Dog liver preservation for 13-19 hours with Collin's solution and isoproterenol.


Comparison of function of ex vivo and in vivo livers.


The effect of antral denervation and pyloroplasty on gastric emptying and 'dumping'.


A radio-isotope method of measuring gastric emptying, reflux, and secretion.


Graded vagotomy and gastric secretion in the dog.


Relationships between acid output to pentagastrin, gastric pepsin output to insulin and lean body mass.


Gastric secretory reduction after vagotomy with an innervated antrum.


The action of autologous lymphocytes against colon cells from patients with acute ulcerative colitis: in vitro studies.


Antilymphocyte serum: an investigation into the decay phenomenon.


Low doses of heparin in the prevention of postoperative D.V.T.--a double-blind trial.


Changes in lung capillary permeability in renal failure. Excess fluid in the lung can be quantified in chronic dialysis patients by using the double indicator dilution technique. The lung capillaries show an increased permeability to sodium when these patents develop pulmonary oedema.


Orudis in management of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis of the hip: comparison with indomethacin. In double-blind cross-over studies in 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 42 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip, Orudis-a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent-has been shown to be well tolerated and to have comparable therapeutic efficacy with indomethacin when given in equal dosage. Side effects were less severe with Orudis. The results suggest that Orudis will prove valuable in the clinical management of rheumatic diseases.


Renal transplantation: an analysis of 33 cases. Thirty-three patients with end-stage renal failure have had transplants over a three-year period, four patients receiving kidneys from siblings and the remainder cadaver organs. Twenty-seven kidneys survived with stable function for periods of six months to three years. Graft survival at one year was 85% and at two years 82%. One patient died and five were returned to dialysis. Complications included rejection episodes, technical problems, respiratory and wound infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and side effects of steroids.


Computer-aided electroretinography.

Computer-aided electroretinography.


A short summary of the history of ophthalmology in Würzburg.


The "Paris manner" of dissection: student anatomical dissection in early eighteenth-century Paris.


Eye hospitals to-day and tomorrow. Research.


Species differences in mast cells of the thyroid gland.


The secretion of gonadotropins and testosterone by the neonatal male rat.


Effects of glucose on beta cells in pancreatic monolayer cultures.


Luteinizing hormone release in the rat induced by blood volume depletion.


Evaluation of selective and differential media in the isolation and enumeration of airborne Staphylococcus aureus.


Evaluation of various media for isolation, enumeration and identification of fecal streptococci from natural sources.


Production of staphylococcal alpha toxin. II. Glucose repression of toxin formation. The effect of glucose on alpha toxin production was studied in the Wood 46 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Optimal toxin production occurred when 0.2% glucose was present in the medium. Omission of glucose gave lower yields of toxin, and concentrations of 0.5% and higher severely depressed toxin formation. Glucose affected the initiation of alpha toxin synthesis in growing cultures. As the glucose concentration increased, the time lag prior to the onset of toxin production also increased, and maximal rates of synthesis were not obtained until essentially all the glucose had been exhausted from the medium. The addition of glucose to toxin-producing cultures caused a temporary, almost complete repression of toxin formation which was not due to pH changes in the culture. The synthesis of most extracellular proteins was not inhibited during the period of repression. After recovery, toxin was produced at rates equal to those of untreated control cultures. The kinetics of toxin repression and the observation that the glucose analogues, 2-deoxy-d-glucose and alpha-methyl-glucoside, as well as other carbon sources, inhibit toxin production suggest that transient repression is responsible for the inhibition of toxin formation. No evidence for a regulatory role of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclc monophosphate in alpha toxin production was obtained.


Cell surface antigen induced by influenza virus. By immunofluorescence staining, a specific surface antigen induced by influenza virus was detected on clone 1-5C-4 cells. The antigen was neither related to hemagglutinin nor dependent on the production of infectious virus. Formation of the virus-specific cell surface antigen was dependent on protein synthesis but independent of viral ribonucleic acid replication.


Immunological conversion of Vibrio chorlerae in gnotobiotic mice. Cholera vibrios grow readily in the intestines of gnotobiotic mice and change their antigenic structure in response to immunological pressures. These changes were progressive, with the rough form persisting as the apparent end point in the mice. Inoculation of the rough form into fresh gnotobiotic mice resulted in the recovery of smooth forms. An untypable rough strain of Vibrio cholerae isolated from a chronic carrier in Calcutta in 1967 was passed serially in gnotobiotic mice. Smooth strains of V. cholerae were recovered from the feces after selective treatment with complement and antiserum against a rough strain. They were confirmed as O group I cholera vibrios belonging to the eltor biotype. The ability of these strains to produce diarrheal fluid in infant rabbits and to increase capillary permeability in rabbit skin was markedly increased over that of the original human isolate. This demonstrates that rough avirulent forms of V. cholerae from human carriers can undergo antigenic changes and concurrently increase in virulence when placed in an appropriate environment. The many inapparent cholera infections in endemic areas may provide a mechanism by which V. cholerae changes its serotype away from the immunological pressures in the population.


Calcium requirement and magnesium stimulation of Escherichia coli L-form induction. Calcium was found to be required for l-form penicillin induction of Escherichia coli K-12 W1485, and magnesium was found to be stimulatory.


Role of complement in immune lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi. Studies were performed on the mechanism of immune lysis of culture forms of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. Antibody-mediated lysis is caused by complement, which is activated via the classical pathway. The properdin system is not required. The kinetics of the reaction is similar to that followed by immune lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes, as is the concentration of divalent cations required for optimal lysis (0.15 mm Ca(2+) and 0.5 mm Mg(2+)), the occurrence of cell membrane uptake of the complement components C3 and C4, and the development of characteristic ultrastructural modifications on the cell membrane.


Nonspecific protective action against Vibrio cholerae of SK&F 42319, a ribonucleic acid obtained from bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli. An interferon-inducing RNA, SK&F 42319, obtained from a lysate of phage-infected Escherichia coli, protected mice against Vibrio cholerae infection. This nonspecific protection was not attributable to endotoxin contamination.


Central giant cell lesion in the angle of the mandible: review of the literature and report of a case.


Osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible: review of the literature and report of case.


Immediate denture service.

Immediate denture service.


Clinical speech considerations in prosthodontics: perspectives of the prosthodontist and speech pathologist.


Joint consultation services by the periodontist and prosthodontist.


Facial and lingual contours of artificial complete crown restorations and their effects on the periodontium.


Nonparallel pin splinting for mobile teeth.


The response of human gingiva to restorative materials.


Use of scanning electron microscopy for evaluating diamond points.


A disposable obturator for maxillary defects.


Clinical trials of preventives for dental caries.


The adaptation of corrective techniques to transposition of the great arteries.


Current position of cardiac transplantation.


Mounted fresh homografts for aortic valve replacement.


Official roster of the Minneapolis District Dental Society.


High stability of messenger RNA in growing cultured cells.


Rapid diagnosis of scrapie in the mouse.


Professor Trevor Ian Shaw.

Professor Trevor Ian Shaw.


Insignificance of evidence for differences in heritability of IQ between races and social classes.


A quantum mechanical muscle model.

A quantum mechanical muscle model.


Absorption of trace elements during the neonatal period.


A cytoplasmic protein which binds fatty acids.


Neonatal jaundice and phototherapy.

Neonatal jaundice and phototherapy.


Polycythemia and hyperviscosity syndromes in infants and children.


Fetal hemoglobin, the neonatal red cell, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.


The real Antonmarchi, last physician to Napoleon.


Combined fixed and removable partial denture.


Decolletee prosthesis design.

Decolletee prosthesis design.


Induction of lambdaCI prophages in Escherichia coli C600 T44.


Cytopathology, histopathology, and colposcopy in the management of cervical neoplasia.


Cytotrophoblastic specializations: an ultrastructural study of the human placenta.


Effects of continuous positive-pressure breathing on functional residual capacity and arterial oxygenation during intra-abdominal operations: studies in man during nitrous oxide and d-tubocurarine anesthesia.


Prevention of gastric distention during anesthesia for newborns with tracheoesophageal fistulas.


The role of the endothelial intercellular junctions in the functioning of the initial lymphatics.


Hemodynamic changes of systemic and limb circulation in extremital arteriovenous fistula.


The treatment of experimental lymphedema.


Significant events in the history of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons.


Approach to the malabsorption syndromes associated with disordered bile acid metabolism.


Bile acid malabsorption caused by ileal resection.


Pathophysiology of pruritus associated with elevated bile acid levels in serum.


Subjective syndromes, physiological changes and after-effects of the acute  9-tetrahydrocannabinol intoxication. Two double-blind studies in volunteers.


Training parents as behavior therapists: a review.


Survey of attitudes of hospital staff to cadaveric kidney transplantation. A survey of attitudes showed that apprehensions about the practical implications of cadaveric kidney transplantation were common in doctors and nurses in two acute general hospitals. It also indicated that lack of awareness about potentially suitable donors may be a contributing factor to the existing shortage of donor kidneys.


Respiratory distress syndrome.

Respiratory distress syndrome.


Rosette inhibition test and renal transplantation.


Fungal contamination of bacteriological swabs.


Certain autobiographical impressions in the life of a neurosurgeon.


Elisha S. Gurdjian, M.D: a biographical sketch.


Current methods for monitoring patients with head injury.


Old and new issues in the safety evaluation of cosmetics and toiletries.


The two faces of selenium--can selenophobia be cured?


Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--the surgeon's role in therapy.


Cancer incidence. The crossing of the curves for stomach and pancreatic cancer.


Lactulose: a review of its therapeutic and pharmacological properties with particular reference to ammonia metabolism and its mode of action of portal systemic encephalopathy.


The degradation of haem by mammals and its excretion as conjugated bilirubin.


Aldolase: a model for enzyme structure-function relationships.


A study of the bat thyroid gland in Winter and early Spring. II. Electron microscopic observations.


Prevention of cardio-vascular diseases.

Prevention of cardio-vascular diseases.


Correlation of M protein production with those factors found to influence growth and substrate utilization of Streptococcus pyogenes. In the absence of proteinase formation, factors reported to influence the growth or fermentation by streptococci have been evaluated to determine their quantitative effect upon the production of M protein during the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. Buffers, amino acids, peptides, gross organic additions, and carbohydrate substrates were tested under a variety of cultural conditions. The M protein content was remarkably constant throughout the late logarithmic period of growth, i.e., when the cell population doubled, the M protein doubled. However, several factors affected the M protein content per milligram of cells (dry weight). When types 1, 12, and 22 were grown aerobically in a semidefined medium, the M protein content of the cell population essentially doubled; in Todd-Hewitt broth, this aerobic effect on M protein synthesis was not observed. When cells grown on Todd-Hewitt broth were transferred to medium containing 0.1% starch and no added glucose, the M protein content per milligram of cells (dry weight) increased as much as fourfold. When growth was initiated in glucose, the rate of M protein formation was at a maximum in the early logarithmic phase of growth and was comparatively greater than the rate of cellular multiplication. When the amount of substrate fermented was greater than 0.2%, increased M protein was not observed. An evaluation of the effects of medium or conditions of growth showed the units of M per milligram of cells (dry weight) were not influenced by a shift in the stoichiometry of either the anaerobic or aerobic fermentation, substrate used, or adenosine triphosphate utilized for growth. These results show that M protein synthesis is subject to limited glucose repression or substrate catabolite repression.


Natural and immune antibodies for Vibrio fetus in serum and secretions of cattle. Naturally occurring antibodies for Vibrio fetus with whole-cell and O antigen specificities were detected in sera of mature cattle by means of the agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence reactions. O antibodies occurred in each of 21 sera examined, and whole-cell antibodies, in lower concentrations, occurred in 15 of the 21 sera. Natural antibodies were detected in the immunoglobulin G, M, and A (IgG, IgM, IgA) classes. Parenteral immunization with whole cells in Freund's complete adjuvant caused an increase in antibodies, predominantly IgG, with both whole-cell and O specificities; genital infection produced minimal alterations in levels of serum antibody. O antibodies, predominantly of the IgA class, occurred in nasal secretions of most of these animals but only infrequently in saliva or tears. Nasal secretion titers of O antibodies fluctuated widely from week to week but appeared to be unaffected by parenteral immunization or experimental infection. It is hypothesized that the nasal passages serve as a site of antigenic stimulation and synthesis of naturally occurring V. fetus antibodies.


Sex difference in antibody response of CFW mice to Candida albicans. Bilaterally gonadectomized and control unilaterally gonadectomized male and female CFW mice were given a course of Candida albicans vaccine, and the agglutinating antibody response was measured. The mean titers in the control females were higher than those in the control males. Bilateral gonadectomy did not affect the mean titer in the females but in the males resulted in a significant increase in the antibody. Similar groups of mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with viable C. albicans, and 10 weeks later antibody was measured and the kidneys were cultured. There was no apparent relationship between the degree of the agglutinin response and either gonadectomy or renal candidiasis at autopsy.


Zoonotic infections in military scout and tracker dogs in Vietnam. Significant levels of antibodies indicative of a variety of zoonotic infections were demonstrated in sera collected from 64 U.S. military scout and tracker dogs after service in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). Scrub typhus antibodies were found in 45% of the specimens, melioidosis in 19%, group B arbovirus in 49%, and leptospirosis in 62%. Only 38% of the seropositive reactions for leptospirosis could be related to overseas infections. Tests were conducted on paired sera obtained from 32 of the dogs before service in RVN. Significant increases in titer were demonstrated with scrub typhus, melioidosis, leptospirosis, plague, group B arbovirus, and Rickettsia canada antigens. After 2 to 6 months of service in RVN, 8 of 19 dogs developed antibody titers to at least one of four zoonotic diseases. Only 3 of 45 dogs with 7 or more months of service failed to develop antibodies to one or more of the agents. The serological findings pose questions on the potential epidemiological importance and veterinary significance of scrub typhus, group B arbovirus, leptospirosis, and melioidosis infections in dogs.


Immunity in experimental salmonellosis. 3. Comparative immunization with viable and heat-inactivated cells of Salmonella typhimurium. Vaccination with viable cells of an avirulent Salmonella typhimurium galE mutant provides mice with solid specific immunity against subsequent infection with a virulent smooth strain. Such a live vaccine is markedly more potent than one prepared from inactivated cells of the virulent smooth strain. The superiority of the live vaccine is particularly well demonstrated when the oral route of application is used. The protective capacity of the galE mutant is based on its ability to synthesize complete smooth-like cell wall lipopolysaccharide in vivo.


M protein-associated adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial surfaces: prerequisite for virulence. Virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes containing M protein were found to adhere well to human cheek epithelial cells in vitro, whereas an avirulent M - mutant strain adhered feebly. Pretreatment of M + strains with trypsin to remove their M protein surface coating or reacting them with type-specific antiserum markedly impaired their abilities to attach to epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the attachment of an M + strain to germfree rat epithelial cells was mediated by a fuzzy surface structure previously shown to contain M protein. When mixtures of streptomycin-resistant M + and M - strains were introduced into the mouths of mice, the proportions of the M + strain increased on tongue and cheek surfaces relative to its M - mutant. These data indicate that the surface fuzz of S. pyogenes which contains M protein functions in the attachment of the organism to epithelial surfaces, thereby permitting its colonization.


Isolation of an additional capsular-type strain of Staphylococcus aureus by the serum-soft agar technique. An additional capsular-type strain of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated by the serum-soft agar technique and designated as capsule type D.


Complement-fixing antigens in lymphoid cell lines of American origin. Lymphoid cell lines from Americans with infectious mononucleosis (Choate, EH IV, and OP), and from a normal American (Cassio), were tested for presence of herpes-like virus by electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence (IF), and for complement-fixing (CF) antigens, using both American and African sera. Whereas earlier tests of seven African (Burkitt) lymphoma cell lines showed an absolute correlation between presence of herpes-like virus and CF reactivity with either African or American sera, the same was not true of the American cell lines. Herpes-like particles were found in the Cassio line by both EM and IF, and in a few cells of the OP line by IF, but not by EM. The virus was not found in the Choate or EH IV lines by either EM or IF. African sera from either normal individuals or patients with Burkitt lymphoma contained CF antibodies to extracts of Cassio and OP cells. Normal American sera contained CF antibodies to these extracts as well as to extracts of Choate cells. The EH IV cell line did not produce CF antigens detectable with either African or American sera. The data indicate that the CF antigens of the herpes virus-negative Choate cell line were serologically distinct from those in Burkitt lines. However, it is possible that the antigens from both sources are related to the presence of the genome of the herpes-like virus.


Effect of catecholamines on the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dihydroxyphenylalanine at 8 mm concentrations prevented iodination of zymosan by intact neutrophils and decarboxylation of l-alanine by leukocyte sonic extracts. The same concentration of epinephrine also reduced bactericidal activity of the leukocyte against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, and Proteus rettgeri without decreasing phagocytosis of bacteria. Spectral studies indicated that epinephrine interferes with the myeloperoxidase-mediated reactions by competing for available H(2)O(2) via its enzymatic oxidation to adrenochrome. These findings support a mechanism in which H(2)O(2) plays an important role in the bactericidal activity of the leukocyte.


Delayed hypersensitivity reactions provoked by ribosomes from acid-fast bacilli. I. Ribosomal isolation, characterization, delayed hypersensitivity, and specificity. Ribosomes and ribosomal subunits of Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) and M. smegmatis have been isolated and employed as skin test antigens in guinea pigs sensitized with homologous or heterologous organisms. Ribosomes and ribosomal subunits were found to be potent antigens for skin test purposes, and the 30S subunits were found to be more specific and active than the 50S subunits.


Effect of Corynebacterium acnes on interferon production in mice. Exposure to Corynebacterium acnes, the most prominent member of our normal skin flora, produces stimulation of lymphoid tissue and certain reticuloendothelial system functions, as well as the immune response. Alteration of the host response is extended by these studies to include changes in the pattern of interferon production in response to a representative group of inducing agents. Serum interferon levels induced by the injection of endotoxin in mice are enhanced, whereas interferon production after injection of Newcastle disease virus, Chikungunya virus, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid is depressed in animals inoculated with viable or nonviable C. acnes organisms.


Polynucleotide sequence relatedness among three groups of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Escherichia coli strains that cause dysentery-like disease, parenteral infection, and infantile diarrhea form specific groups based on mobility of O and K antigens in immunoelectrophoresis. Members from each of these groups were assayed for gross nucleotide sequence relatedness. The method used was interspecific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) reassociation reactions carried out free in solution. Reassociated DNA was separated from unreacted DNA by passage through hydroxyapatite. DNA relatedness between these groups was approximately 80%. The groups containing those strains causing parenteral infection and those responsible for dysentery-like disease showed preferentially high intragroup DNA relatedness. The group containing strains responsible for infantile diarrhea did not show preferentially high intragroup DNA relatedness with the reference strain employed. These strains, however, did exhibit preferentially high DNA relatedness to a second reference strain.


Pyelonephritis. XIV. Effect of immunization on experimental Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Mice immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed Escherichia coli were protected from pyelonephritis produced by the intravenous route, but there was little or no protection from ascending infection. No significant protection from ascending or hematogenous pyelonephritis was demonstrated when immunization was accomplished by injecting heat-killed E. coli into the bladder. Heat-killed E. coli injected either subcutaneously or into the bladder protected mice from early endotoxic death after intravenous or bladder challenge.


Interferon production linked to toxicity of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid. Different procedures have been used in attempts to increase the production of interferon by polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid (poly [rI].poly [rC]) in mice: simultaneous injection of lead acetate, cycloheximide, or actinomycin D and prior injection of Freund's adjuvant, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM), endotoxin, or Brucella abortus. In the experimental conditions tested, lead acetate, cycloheximide, Freund's adjuvant, and COAM brought about a parallel increase in interferon production and toxicity (lethality) of poly (rI).poly (rC); actinomycin D, endotoxin, and B. abortus increased the lethality of poly (rI).poly (rC) without a concomitant raise of its interferon-inducing capacity. Our results indicate that no significant increase in interferon production (or antiviral activity, as far as the antiviral activity is accounted for by interferon production) without an accompanying increase in toxicity can be achieved with poly (rI).poly (rC) and that it might be impossible to increase its therapeutic ratio (ratio of maximum tolerated dose to minimum effective dose).


Ribonucleic acid-protein fractions of virulent Salmonella typhimurium as protective immunogens. Mice were injected with virulent Salmonella typhimurium SR-11 subfractions containing varied amounts of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein or with living attenuated S. typhimurium RIA. In these mice, maximal resistance to lethal infection by 1,000 or 5,000 median lethal doses of S. typhimurium SR-11 was seen 2 to 3 weeks after immunization. The S. typhimurium RIA vaccine and a crude ethanol-precipitated RNA fraction (E-RNA) prepared from lysates of S. typhimurium SR-11 were the most efficient immunogens inducing protection against salmonellosis. The contribution of the components present in the E-RNA fractions to host protection against lethal salmonella infection was also examined. RNA-rich fractions (P-RNA) prepared from lysates of the virulent salmonellae contained several bands of protein when examined by disc electrophoresis. P-RNA fractions stimulated protective immunity in mice to infection with S. typhimurium SR-11 but to a much lesser degree than did the E-RNA fractions or strain RIA vaccine. Protein-rich fractions (NP), separated from E-RNA by salt precipitation, exhibited the same number and distribution of protein bands by disc electrophoresis as did the parent E-RNA fractions. Mixtures of either bovine liver soluble RNA or various synthetic polynucleotides and NP were examined, as was NP fraction alone, for the ability to confer protection in mice to challenge infections by the virulent strain of salmonella. Polyadenylic-uridylic acid plus NP conferred significant protective immunity to challenge infections in mice immunized with this mixture, being nearly as effective an immunogen as were the E-RNA fractions of S. typhimurium SR-11 or the attenuated S. typhimurium RIA.


Detection of delayed hypersensitivity in mice injected with ribonucleic acid-protein fractions of Salmonella typhimurium. Manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity (cell-mediated immunity) were found to be present in mice immunized with virulent Salmonella typhimurium SR-11 subfractions which contained appreciable concentrations of bacterial protein and in mice immunized with the living, attenuated RIA strain of S. typhimurium. Delayed hypersensitive responses were measured by footpad sensitivity in the immunized mice and in vitro by inhibition of spleen cell migration and by increase in (3)H-thymidine uptake by lymphoid cell populations when exposed to bacterial fractions rich in protein content.


The concept of essential hypertension.

The concept of essential hypertension.


A second neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. 1. Rotation of an object about its horizontal axis, towards or away from the viewer's eyes, usually causes the images of its contours to have slightly different orientations on the two retinae.2. We recorded action potentials from binocular neurones in the cat's visual cortex and measured their orientation-selectivity carefully in both eyes.3. The optimal orientation for a single cell is not necessarily identical on both retinae. For a large sample of cells there is a range of more than + 15 degrees (S.D. about 6-9 degrees ) in the difference of preferred orientation in the two eyes. These interocular differences in receptive field properties cannot be attributed to rotation of the eyes or to the errors of measurement.4. During simultaneous binocular stimulation the images must not only lie in the correct place on both retinae but also have exactly the right orientation for both receptive fields in order to elicit the maximum response from a neurone.5. Therefore certain binocular cells respond specifically to objects tilted in three-dimensional space towards the cat, or away from it.


Degradation of group A streptococcal cell walls by egg-white lysozyme and human lysosomal enzymes. Group A streptococci and their isolated cell walls, normally resistant to egg-white lysozyme and the lysosomal enzymes of human phagocytes, were converted to lysozyme-sensitive forms by partial removal of cell wall carbohydrate, substitution of free amino groups, and by saponification of O-acyl groups. The resultant modified streptococcal cell walls showed rapid degradation when treated with leukocyte granule extract derived from human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes and when subjected to phagocytosis by living human leukocytes. These results indicate that the factors responsible for lysozyme resistance of the group A cell wall also influence its resistance to human leukocyte granule enzymes and suggest that the chemical composition of the cell wall, in addition to the presence of cell wall carbohydrate, determines this resistance.


Scanning electron microscopy of critical point dried human spermatozoa.


Immunofluorescent identification of Australian antigen.


Jod-Basedow (or jod-Coindet).

Jod-Basedow (or jod-Coindet).


Alpha1-antitrypsin in the respiratory-distress syndrome.


The genital mycoplasmas.

The genital mycoplasmas.


Trauma to the urinary tract.

Trauma to the urinary tract.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 2-1973.


Intrinsic precision of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis enhanced through parallel systems of ligands.


Lingual thyroid and lingual thyroglossal tract remnants. A clinical and histopathologic study with review of the literature.


Multiple sclerosis. A review.

Multiple sclerosis. A review.


Advances in the treatment of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.


Telescopic conus crown rehabilitation of the maxilla.


The Uricult dip-slide in significant bacteriuria.


Uretero-neocystotomy in renal transplantation.


Shirley Cole.

Shirley Cole.


The role of the merino in medicine.

The role of the merino in medicine.


Genetic control of insect populations.

Genetic control of insect populations.


Polymorphism of the DL-A system.

Polymorphism of the DL-A system.


Serum fibrin degradation products in the diagnosis of transplantation rejection.


Studies on heterologous antilymphocyte serum in mice. 8. Effect of immunizing cell type and dose on immunosuppressive potency and content of irrelevant antibody.


Preservation and transplantation of human cadaver kidneys.


Increased sensitivity of in vivo marrow-thymus interaction assays in mice.


Cellular immunity in vitro and heterotopic transplantation of the mouse heart.


The effect of massive pulse steroid therapy on the water content of the rat brain.


The general and local metabolic response to acute myocardial infarction.


The subunit structure of inorganic pyrophosphatase from baker's yeast.


The heart and the eye.

The heart and the eye.


Medical treatment of angina pectoris. 8. Miscellaneous antianginal drugs.


Moderate sodium restriction and diuretics in the treatment of hypertension.


Gastric pepsin secretion by hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation due to intrahypothalamic implantation of adrenaline.


Vision with chromatic filters.

Vision with chromatic filters.


Schools of Public Health in the USA and Canada.


Toward a family planning program in psychiatric hospitals.


Contingent negative variation amplitudes. Marihuana and alcohol.


Marihuana and alcohol, Time production and memory functions.


Levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine: comparative efficacy in the hyperkinetic syndrome. Assessment by target symptoms.


Glomerular involvement in Gaucher's disease. A light, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural study based on kidney biopsy specimens.


A simultaneous plasma level and EEG assessment of an oral hypnotic (ethinamate).


Motility-inducing factors in alimentary tract solutions.


Alterations in liver plasma membranes and their possible role in cholestasis.


Central America Malaria Research Station in San Salvador.


Effect of melengestrol acetate on pituitary prolactin and hypothalamic prolactin-inhibiting factor.


Development of "O" agglutinins in chicks against Escherichia coli O1:K1: a septicaemia serotype.


Protection by estrogenic hormone against nephrotoxicity induced by organic mercury.


The 1972-1973 curriculum directory: the first but not the last.


Suppression of the allograft response by implants of mature lymphoid tissues in larval Xenopus laevis.


Prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are analogs of the parent 20 carbon prostanoic acid.  They are divided into 4 series:  PGE; PGF; PGA; PGB, according to the presence of functionalities in the cyclopentane structure.  Biosynthesis of prostaglandins were first independently reported by Bergstrom et.al. and van Dorp et.al. who showed that certain w-6-unsaturated fatty acids were biological precursors of prostaglandins.  Later, various investigators reported the biosynthesis of prostaglandins of the different series.  The 2 most widely used routes of prostaglandins synthesis are 1) the Corey cyclopentyl-lactone route, and 2) the bicyclohexane route.  The synthesis is divided into 1) naturally occuring primary prostaglandins and 2) the prostaglandin analogs and derived prostaglandins.  Because of the general instability of natural prostaglandins in the basic and acidic milieu, various preparations of prostaglandins and chemically stable dosage forms have been developed.  Various methods used in analyzing prostaglandins include:  1) TLC; 2) GLC; 3) spectral methods; 4) radioimmunoassay; and 5) enzymatic assay.  In vitro and in vivo studies on the metabolism and catabolism of various prostaglandins showed that they are rapidly metabolized in various animal systems and humans.  The major routes for this metabolic transformation are:  1) oxidation of the secondary C15 hydroxy group; 2) reduction of the C13 double bond; 3) B-oxidation; 4) w-hydroxylation; and 5) w-oxidation.  Prostaglandins produce a wide range of biological effects on animal and human systems (the reproductive; gastrointestinal; respiratory; and cardiovascular systems).  The biological actions of prostaglandins on animal and human reproductive tissue vary depending on the particular prostaglandin studied and hormonal state of the tissue.  Certain prostaglandins can decrease the tonus, frequency, and amplitude of spontaneous contractions of human uterine strips while other prostaglandins can cause contraction of isolated myometrial strips.  Prostaglandins are widely used in labor induction; induction of therapeutic abortion; and fertility control.  Prostaglandins have also been found to either increase or decrease cyclic AMP; inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation; lower blood pressure in animals; affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and prevent adjuvant arthritis.


Pope John XXIII (1881-1962).

Pope John XXIII (1881-1962).


Malignant tumours of the thyroid.

Malignant tumours of the thyroid.


Surgery for acquired valvular heart disease. 1.


Exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus after withdrawal of azathioprine therapy.


Eli Friedman.

Eli Friedman.


Chromosomal localization of human haemoglobin structural genes.


Do the H-2 and T-loci of the mouse have a function in the haploid phase of sperm?


Characterization of Heinz bodies in unstable haemoglobin haemolytic anaemia.


14 C-catecholamine synthesis in mouse brain during morphine withdrawal.


Relationship between serum and cerebrospinal fluid folate.


Eggshell thinning and DDE.

Eggshell thinning and DDE.


Further analysis of the logarithmic relationship of DDE residues to eggshell thinning.


Mechanical positive pressure ventilation of the newborn.


Pindolol in hypertension: a double-blind trial.


Pindolol (Visken) and angina pectoris: a double blind multicentre trial.


Interim report on trial of treatment for operable breast cancer.


Aspects of Bantu domestic life in relation to some gynaecological conditions.


The alkylating properties of organophosphates.


Some characteristics of chick embryo sympathetic ganglion fragments in a simple culture system with and without nerve growth factor.


On stereotypy and catalepsy: studies on the effect of amphetamines and neuroleptics in rats.


The relationship between pavor nocturnus and adenoids.


Experiences of an abused child.

Experiences of an abused child.


Development of a kibbutz girl who lost her father at the age of two years.


Jactatio capitis.

Jactatio capitis.


Studies of a li-hapten isolated from cell-walls of the rough mutant Salmonella typhimurium 395 MR10.


The anaesthesist and coronary artery disease.


Alveolar clearance of aerosols.

Alveolar clearance of aerosols.


Bacterial contamination of aerosols.

Bacterial contamination of aerosols.


Structural studies on cartilage collagen employing limited cleavage and solubilization with pepsin.


Reaction of   5 -pyridoxal methyl chloride, an analog of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, with the B protein of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase.


Evidence for the conformation of enzyme-bound adenosine 5'-phosphate. Substrate and inhibitor properties of 8,5' -cycloadenosine 5'-phosphate with adenylate kinase, adenylate aminohydrolase, adenylosuccinate lyase, and 5'-nucleotidase.


Characterization of a mouse ascites cell-free system.


Carl Vernon Moore (1908-1972).

Carl Vernon Moore (1908-1972).


Maxwell M. Wintrobe.

Maxwell M. Wintrobe.


Specificity of anti-lymphocytic antibody and antigenicity of lymphoid cells.


Genome size and evolution.

Genome size and evolution.


Books college students like to read about exceptional children.


Electron microscopy of the toxin and hemagglutinin of type A Clostridium botulinum. Electron micrographs of the toxin and the hemagglutinin of type A Clostridium botulinum showed the toxin to be either round or disclike particles of 4 to 4.5 nm. These particles could also be seen as arranged in long strands or tubules of 9 nm in width. The hemagglutinin appeared as a crystalloid monolayer of stacked particles of 9 nm forming regularly arranged structures of 20 nm. Seen in cross section, these structures appeared as tubules with a lumen of 9 nm. The regularity of the angle of 83 degrees to the long axis of the structure in which the individual particles were arranged suggested that the hemagglutinins formed a helix with sufficient space within its coil to admit the strands of the toxins. A model of the possible arrangement of the toxin and the hemagglutinin in the native state is proposed.


Susceptibility of rabbits immunized with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) or Mycobacterium phlei to Shigella keratoconjunctivitis. Vaccination of rabbits with mycobacteria increased their resistance to eye infection with Shigella flexneri. However, the severity of keratoconjunctivitis was not reduced in the vaccinated animals.


Chlamydial polyarthritis of lambs: a review.


Plaque-forming cells in rabbits immunized with BCG bacilli. Plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the regional lymph node, its efferent lymph, and the spleen of rabbits immunized with BCG were enumerated by localized hemolysis in gel, using sheep red blood cells coated with tuberculin protein. In the primary response, the maximal level of PFC production was reached at 5 days in the regional lymph node, and at 7 days in the spleen, whereas efferent lymphatic cells showed only a small number of PFC. Sharp peaks of PFC levels at 3 days were seen in the regional lymph node, spleen, and the efferent lymphatic cells in the secondary response. Blast cell outflow from the regional lymph node was maximal at 3 days in the secondary response as well as in the primary response. The relation between blast cell outflow and PFC production was discussed.


Acute abdominal diseases of the horse.

Acute abdominal diseases of the horse.


Surgical management of abdominal crisis in the horse.


Adjuvant activity of Mycobacterium leprae. Mycobacterium leprae organisms isolated from infected spleen and liver tissue by zonal centrifugation were shown to possess adjuvant activity. Histochemical examination of the footpad macrophage epithelioid granuloma showed that macrophages contained large amounts of hemosiderin after the injection of M. leprae and much smaller amounts after the injection of M. tuberculosis.


Some interactions of nutrition and disease, including internal parasitisms in swine.


Diagnosis of metabolic diseases of cattle.


Isolation and characterization of viruses from semen and the reproductive tract of male swine.


Acute laminitis.

Acute laminitis.


Animal waste: a new problem.

Animal waste: a new problem.


Efficacy of gentamicin sulfate for the treatment of swine dysentery.


Effects of season and high environmental temperature on fertility in cattle: a review.


Progress in the control of atrophic rhinitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in swine.


Diagnosis and control of bovine genital vibriosis.


Uterine culture and biopsy in the mare.

Uterine culture and biopsy in the mare.


Estrous cycle and ovulation in the mare.


Interpretations in feline bone marrow cytology.


Dental diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.


Dissociative anesthetics in the cat and dog.


Aquaculture and mariculture: protein potentials.


Diagnosis of rabies by immunofluorescent staining of frozen sections of skin.


Paratuberculosis: the status of our knowledge.


Handling of infectious agents.

Handling of infectious agents.


Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis: past, present, and future.


Studies on the biochemical basis of spontaneous mutation. I. A comparison of the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases of mutator, antimutator, and wild type strains of bacteriophage T4.


The purification and subunit structure of cysteine desulfhydrase from Salmonella typhimurium.


Reassociation of eukaryotic ribosomal subunits. Kinetics of reassociation; role of deacylated transfer ribonucleic acid; effect of cycloheximide.


Molecular organization of lipids in Escherichia coli membranes. II. Effect of phospholipids on succinic-ubiquinone reductase activity.


Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase induced by bacteriophage T4. II. Allosteric regulation of substrate sepecificity and catalytic activity.


Yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase. II. Kinetics of Mg 2+  activation.


D-Serine dehydratase from Escherichia coli. IV. Comparative sequences of pyridoxylpeptides derived from the active site and from an inhibitory site of the enzyme.


Identification of the reacting form of pyruvate carboxylase.


Glutamate synthase from Escherichia coli. An iron-sulfide flavoprotein.


Biochemistry of deoxyribonucleic acid-defective amber mutants of bacteriophage T4. 3. Nucleotide pools.


Formate as a specific label for mitochondrial translational products.


Acetylcholinesterase at the myoneural junction: cytochemical ultrastructure and some biochemical considerations.


The use of passive haemagglutination reaction in epidemiological practice in dysentery.


Occurrence of Escherichia coli strains with multiresistance and transferable resistance to antibiotics in foodstuffs.


An experimental approach to the establishment of zones of hygienic protection of underground water sources on the basis sanitary-bacteriological indices.


Academician Otto Jírovec, March 7, 1972.


Reminiscences of a country doctor.

Reminiscences of a country doctor.


Syphilis and gonorrhea. Laboratory tests for diagnosis and treatment.


Effects of cysteine on haemolysin production.


Dr. Friench Simpson, U.S. Public Health Service, describes his adventures aboard the USRC Commodore Perry, in Alaskan waters, 1909.


David R.L. Duncan, M.D. 1909-1972.

David R.L. Duncan, M.D. 1909-1972.


1972 anniversaries.

1972 anniversaries.


Family noncommunication: the search for kidney donors.


Thomas J. Heldt, 1883-1972.

Thomas J. Heldt, 1883-1972.


Austin M. Davies, 1900-1972.

Austin M. Davies, 1900-1972.


Effect of tRNA aminoacylation on its interaction with ribosomes in the absence of messenger.


Biosynthesis in vitro of the luteinizing releasing hormone by hypothalamic tissue.


The enzymatic acetylation of E. coli ribosomal protein L 12 .


Synthesis and biological activities of analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH).


Synthesis of proteolipid protein by yeast mitochondria.


Structure-activity relationships in the C-terminal part of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone(LH-RH).


Kinetics of colicin E2-induced solubilization and fragmentation of Escherichia coli DNA in vivo.


Analysis of grande and petite yeast mitochondrial DNA by tRNA hybridization.


The formation and stabilization of protein structure.


Replication of viral nucleic acids. II. Inhibition of Q  replicase by sulfhydryl-blocking reagents.


Diabetic lipemia and premature coronary artery disease.


Microbiological survey of the incubated eggs of chickens and waterfowl.


Cerebrovascular disease in children.

Cerebrovascular disease in children. The stroke syndrome in adults encompasses a limited number of lesions occurring over an extended age-span. In children the syndrome includes a wide variety of lesions seen in only one and one-half decades. This general review examines common aspects of the syndrome as it is seen in children. Attention is paid to cerebrovascular occlusive disease, arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, spontaneous intracerebral hematomas and cerebrovascular complications of cardiac surgery. Conclusions are based on the authors' experience in treating patients in the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto


The child with ambiguous genitalia.

The child with ambiguous genitalia.


Disorders of phagocyte function.

Disorders of phagocyte function.


Early Delaware physicians. Another early Delaware physician: Dr. John S. Hill.


Interaction of radiation energy with nucleic acids.


Automated specimen processing for electron microscopy: a new apparatus.


Storage of Streptomyces in soft agar and by other methods.


The diagnosis of histopathology: senility, apathy, or disease?


Laboratory and clinical studies on cefazolin, a new derivative of semisynthetic cephalosporin.


Alterations in thyroid iodine release and the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine during acute falciparum malaria in man. Previous studies of thyroid function during various infections have yielded conflicting results, but most have suggested an acceleration of peripheral thyroxine (T(4)) turnover during the acute infectious illness. In the present studies, thyroid function was examined by a method allowing simultaneous analysis of both endogenous thyroidal release and peripheral T(4) disposal in normal volunteers after induction of acute falciparum malaria. Subjects received iodide-(125)I, followed in 5-7 days by (131)I-T(4) intravenously. 4 days later, infection was induced by the injection of parasitized red blood cells. Bidaily measurements of serum protein-bound (125)I and protein-bound (131)I, and urinary (125)I and (131)I, together with frequent estimates of serum (127)I-T(4) (Murphy-Pattee) and free T(4) (FT(4)), were made during a control period, during acute illness, and during convalescence. Alterations in the peripheral metabolism of (131)I-T(4) during infection included significant decreases in the fractional disappearance rate for T(4) [(k)], and in the clearance and daily disposal of T(4), all of which returned to control values during convalescence. Total serum (127)I-T(4) increased late in the infected period to become greater during convalescence than either before or during infection, while FT(4) did not increase significantly until convalescence. An analysis of serum (131)I-T(4)/(127)I-T(4) and (131)I-T(4)/PB(125)I ratios confirmed these observations. The slope with time of ratios for urinary (125)I/(131)I, a reflection of thyroidal iodine release, was decreased during infection, but rebounded to control values during the convalescent period. The observed increments in serum (127)I-T(4) concentration in the convalescent phase may reflect in part the slowing of (k), but together with the rising ratios of urine (125)I/(131)I suggests enhanced thyroidal T(4) secretion immediately after the acute illness. Thus, with malarial infection, there appears to be an initial depression followed by a rebound in rates of thyroidal iodine release. In contradistinction to other infections, fractional turnover and daily disposal of hormone is decreased in malaria, perhaps due to hepatic dysfunction and the consequent impairment in cellular deiodinative processes.


Ventilation with end-expiratory pressure in acute lung disease. In 10 patients with severe, acute respiratory failure we studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure when intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with inspired oxygen (F(IO2)) up to 0.5 failed to maintain arterial oxygen tension (P(aO2)) above 70 torr.Positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H(2)O were applied for 30-min periods each and in random order. Blood gas exchange, lung volumes, compliance, and hemodynamics were studied at each level of PEEP. P(aO2) (F(IO2) = 1.0) rose linearly with elevation of PEEP, the mean increase being from 152 to 347 torr, or 13 torr/cm H(2)O PEEP. Mean functional residual capacity (FRC) was 1.48+/-0.78 liters at zero PEEP (i.e., IPPV) and the increase was essentially linear, reaching 2.37 liters at 15 cm H(2)O PEEP. P(aO2) and FRC showed a close correlation. Total and lung static compliance were greater during ventilation with high than with low levels of PEEP. The increase in P(aO2) correlated with the specific lung compliance. Dynamic lung compliance decreased progressively with rising levels of PEEP except for an increase with 5 and 10 cm H(2)O PEEP in patients with initial values of 0.06 liter/cm H(2)O or higher. Cardiac index fell in some patients and rose in others and there was no correlation of mean cardiac index, systemic blood pressure, or peripheral vascular resistance with level of PEEP. The most probable explanation for the effect of PEEP on P(aO2) and compliance is recruitment of gas exchange airspaces and prevention of terminal airway closure.


Bacterial flora of the respiratory tract of chickens affected with respiratory mycoplasmosis.


Available iron-in vitro or in vivo.

Available iron-in vitro or in vivo.


Unsaturated fatty acids and mitochondrial function in yeast.


Restoration of resected mandible by grafting with combination of mandible homograft and autogenous iliac marrow, and postoperative treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation.


In memoriam. William Antopol, M.D. 1903-1972.


Free palatal mucosa grafts. An evaluation in twenty-six cases.


Effective treatment of Dilantin gingival hyperplasia.


Leiomyomas of the oral cavity. Review of the literature and clinicopathologic study of seven new cases.


Immunotherapy of human leukemia.

Immunotherapy of human leukemia.


Hormonal and adaptive control of amino acid transport in muscle.


In memoriam. Dr. Charles K, Friedberg 1905-1972.


An endemic caused by multiresistant klebsiella in an urological unit.


Kidney preservation. I. Evaluation of perfusion and ischemic damage.


Significance of urinary microscopy and renal biopsy in the evaluation of living donors before transplantation.


Kidney preservation. II. Liberation of enzymes and urea from preserved kidneys.


Kidney preservation. 3. The importance of the composition of perfusion fluids in the transplantation of rabbit kidneys.


A review of the drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand.


Gastrectomy and secretory function of the stomach.


Pancreatic islet cells in experimental hypo- and hyperparathyroidism in rats.


Further studies on the life cycle of Eimeria brunetti Levine 1942.


A. Ashley Weech, MD.

A. Ashley Weech, MD.


A comparison of the antipyretic effect of acetaminophen and aspirin. Another approach to poison prevention.


Candida albicans meningitis successfully treated with amphotericin B.


Immunohistochemistry of ultraviolet-induced pemphigus and pemphigoid lesions.


Surgical treatment of portal hypertension.


Tissue adhesives in cutaneous surgery.

Tissue adhesives in cutaneous surgery.


Haloprogin therapy for dermatophyte infections.


Clinical efficacy studies of haloprogin, a new topical antimicrobial agent.


Chaetoconidium and atypical acid-fast bacilli in skin ulcers.


Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension following renal allotransplantation.


Congenital pyloric atresia in siblings.

Congenital pyloric atresia in siblings.


Subclavian revascularization by means of a subcutaneous axillary-axillary graft.


Aspiration pneumonia. Clinical outcome following documented aspiration.


The extracellular fluid system. A mathematical model of tracer distribution.


Frozen-thawed bacteria as recipients of isolated coliphage DNA.


Messenger RNA from normal and T 4  phage-infected Escherichia coli: isolation and size distribution.


Polyuridylic acid binding and translating by Escherichia coli ribosomes: stimulation by protein I, inhibition by aurintricarboxylic acid.


Changes in tRNA methylase activity of rat kidney following administration of the carcinogen, dimethylnitrosamine.


Isolation of the minicircular DNA of Escherichia coli 15 as a DNA--protein complex.


Mechanisms of virus pathogenicity.

Mechanisms of virus pathogenicity.


Presentation of the Academy plaque to Frank B. Berry, M.D.


The evolution of tropical medicine: a historical perspective.


Ferreyra da Rosa on yellow fever in Pernambuco.


Self-renewal of colony forming units (CFU) in serial bone marrow transplantation experiments.


Properties of the endonuclease for depurinated DNA from Escherichia coli.


Human reagins: appraisal of the properties of the antibody of immediate-type hypersensitivity.


Acute granulomatous peritonitis due to starch glove powder.


Albumin synthesis by human liver cells: its morphological demonstration.


The lower esophageal sphincter.

The lower esophageal sphincter.


Parietal and chief cell populations in four cases of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


Effect of antral denervation on gastrin release by sham feeding and insulin hypoglycemia in dogs.


Salivary secretion in duodenal ulcer disease. Salivary response to stimulation with citric acid was higher in patients with duodenal ulcer disease than in patients with other diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This increase was proportional to an increase of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. In duodenal ulcer disease, the increase in parietal cell mass may therefore be associated with the growth of other exocrine organs such as the salivary glands.


Structural changes in enamel and dentin of fractured anterior teeth after acid conditioning in vitro.


The problem of root caries. I. Literature review and clinical description.


Dental service plans system enters 20th year in an era of change and transition.


Renal changes in cirrhosis.

Renal changes in cirrhosis.


Bootleg dentistry.

Bootleg dentistry.


The dental chair--a brief pictorial history.


Dr. Curt Proskauer, 1887-1972, and his dream for dentistry.


Sir Reginald Watson-Jones, 1902-1972.

Sir Reginald Watson-Jones, 1902-1972.


Microvascular surgery in orthopaedics and traumatology.


Surgical management of spinal deformities in spina bifida.


The management of hydatid disease of bone and joint.


Experimental bridging of osseous defects in rats by the implantation of Kiel bone containing fresh autologous marrow.


Arthur Rocyn Jones. 1883-1972.

Arthur Rocyn Jones. 1883-1972.


James Reid Briggs. 1921-1971.

James Reid Briggs. 1921-1971.


George Clifford Jennings. 1913-1971.

George Clifford Jennings. 1913-1971.


Nucleoside deaminase activity during the recovery of x-irradiated, bone marrow-protected mice.


Phylogenetic multiplicity of R factors as revealed by superinfection compatibility.


The use of electropalatography in phonetic research.


Insulin release by emiocytosis: demonstration with freeze-etching technique. The technique of freeze-etching for electron microscopy applied to isolated islets of Langerhans has permitted a successful evaluation of emiocytotic events on the cell surface. The frequency of these events in stimulated cells suggests that emiocytosis represents a significant mechanism for insulin release.


Stomatitis prothetica and allergy.

Stomatitis prothetica and allergy.


Trayless brush-and-syringe impressions and tray-supported impressions compared by stereophotogrammetry.


The shape of blood platelets. An application of lyophilisation and scanning electron microscopy.


Investigations of the therapeutic success with dentures retained by precision attachments. II. Partial dentures.


Bone lamellae.

Bone lamellae.


The phrenic nerve and the localisation of phrenic nucleus in the spinal cord of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).


Lip muscle function in Parkinsonian Dysarthria.


Pivampicillin (Pondocillin) in the treatment of maxillary sinusitis.


Mood changes and menstrual symptoms with different gestagen/estrogen combinations. A double blind comparison with a placebo.


Brain lipids.

Brain lipids.


Employment of lipids in the measurement and modification of cellular, humoral, and immune responses.


Ventricular fibrillation precipitated by carotid sinus pressure: case report and review of the literature.


The medical treatment of angina pectoris. VI. Propranolol as an antianginal drug.


Evolution of anaerobic methodology.

Evolution of anaerobic methodology.


Theoretical basis for anaerobic methodology.


Roll-tube techniques for anaerobic bacteria.


Use of syringe methods for anaerobiosis.


Commentary on the Hungate technique for culture of anaerobic bacteria.


Use of anaerobic glove boxes for the cultivation of strictly anaerobic bacteria.


Comparison of techniques for isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria.


A review of secretory immune mechanisms.


Immunological responses and microorganisms indigenous to the gastrointestinal tract.


Associations and physiological interactions of indigenous microorganisms and gastrointestinal epithelia.


Effect of a partially chemically defined diet on normal human fecal flora.


Intestinal bacteria and cancer.

Intestinal bacteria and cancer.


Shigella, indigenous flora interactions in mice.


Interactions among intestinal microorganisms.


The Martin Dewey Memorial Award for 1972.


Mandibular asymmetry of hereditary origin.


Rapid correction of Class 3 malocclusion by midpalatal expansion.


The 1926 Congress: then and now.

The 1926 Congress: then and now.


In memoriam. Ernest H. Hixon (1922-1972).


Cross-linking of fibrin by fibrin=stabilizing factor.


Tissue transamidases, fibrin stabilization and clot lysis.


Fibrinoligase: the fibrin-stabilizing factor system of blood plasma.


A history of arterial surgery.

A history of arterial surgery.


Renal autotransplantation. Adjunct to repair of renal vascular lesions.


Chemical modification of tryptophan at the binding site of thiamine-pyrophosphate in transketolase from Baker's yeast.


Subunit homology between Escherichia coli, mitochondrial and chloroplast ribosomes.


Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-alanine-luteinizing hormone-releasing-releasing hormone ((ALA 4 )LH-RH).


The genetic and biochemical basis of the transformability of Escherichia coli K12.


Effect of increasing chain length of AA-oligonucleotide acceptors on their reactivity at the peptidyl transferase center in ribosomes and polysomes.


Oligonucleotide sequences of RNase T 1  and pancreatic RNase digests of E. coli aspartic acid tRNA.


A new spin-labelled substrate for  -galactosidase and  -galactoside permease.


Test of a fuel cell oxygen analyzer.

Test of a fuel cell oxygen analyzer.


Medieval medical malpractice: the dicta and the dockets.


The capon stone.

The capon stone.


Chekhov among the doctors: the doctor's dilemma.


Medical numismatic notes. 8. Coins of Cyrene.


Daniel Drake on physical exercise.

Daniel Drake on physical exercise.


Five years of Medicare in California--problems, resolutions and prospects.


Importation of Shiga bacillus dysentery into California. Clinical and public health significance. Concurrent with the regional epidemic of classic Shiga dysentery in Central America during 1969 and 1970, a pronounced increase in the isolation of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 was noted in California. A retrospective study of 20 cases diagnosed in California in 1969 and 1970 revealed that 18 of the patients had traveled to Central America or Mexico during or immediately before the onset of symptoms. Sixteen were known to have been admitted to hospital; there was one death. Despite the concern that such importations might result in epidemics in this country among groups living in crowded, unsanitary settings, no definite secondary transmission was identified in this study. The problems of differential diagnosis, laboratory isolation of the agent, chemotherapy, and epidemic control are discussed.


Abraham Lincoln and aortic insufficiency. The declining health of the President.


Human diseases associated with mycoplasms. With an appendix on simple culture techniques. The mycoplasmas (formerly called pleuropneumonia-like organisms, or pplo) are a group of pleomorphic micro-organisms characterized by lack of cell wall and ability to form colonies on agar resembling tiny fried eggs. They have been recognized as pathogens of lower mammals since 1898. Of the more than 40 known veterinary species, many are pathogens, commonly causing pneumonia, arthritis or arteritis. Of the mycoplasmas found in man, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only well established human pathogen. It is responsible for a variety of respiratory syndromes, of which the most frequently recognized is cold agglutinin-positive atypical pneumonia. Hematologic, neurologic and dermatologic complications of this infection have been noted. M. hominis has been implicated as a causative factor in various febrile complications of pregnancy, such as septic abortion and amnionitis. T-strain mycoplasmas are ubiquitous in the human genitourinary tract, but attempts to link their presence to disease have thus far been unsuccessful. Mycoplasmas also have been associated with neoplastic disease and with rheumatoid arthritis. The validity of these latter findings is unclear, and additional study is needed.


Pathophysiological aspects of catecholamine production.


Early days of the state medical journal.


A simple technique for correction of bilateral maxillary dental constriction in the primary and mixed dentitions.


Replication of bacteriophage M 13. Mechanism of single-strand DNA synthesis in an escherichia coli mutant thermosensitive in chromosomal DNA replication.


On the role of alcohol dehydrogenase in omega-oxidation of fatty acids.


Determination of the primary structure of a mouse  G2a immunoglobulin. Identification of the disulfide bridges.


Self-injurious behavior: a behavioral analysis.


Manitoba's Dental Mechanics Act.

Manitoba's Dental Mechanics Act.


Location of the origin of transfer of the sex factor F. The location of the origin of transfer on the map of Flac has been determined by two different techniques. The first showed that no transfer cistrons were transferred early by a transposition Hfr strain with a known point of chromosomal integration into Flac, and the second used a series of transfer-deficient Hfr deletion strains to map a locus required in cis for chromosome transfer by an incoming Flac factor. Both techniques gave results consistent with a location for the origin of transfer between traJ and the phi(R) (11) locus.


The use of emotional support in dentistry.


Human figure drawing: an aid in psychiatric screening.


Cellular phosphorus changes under low-carbon stress.


The microbiological uses of 2,3,5,--triphenyltetrazolium chloride: an addendum.


Malaria in Australia, 1971.

Malaria in Australia, 1971.


The birth of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research.


National health insurance and services in historical perspective. An exploratory study of the origins and effectiveness of nationalized medical systems.


Glory, God and gold: medicine comes to the Pacific Northwest.


Wanted: kidneys.

Wanted: kidneys.


A nurse's life in the 1900s.

A nurse's life in the 1900s.


Epipleural cryptococcosis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease: a case report.


Subcutaneous phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus. A report of three cases.


A comparative in vitro study of amphotericin B 1  clotrimazole and 5-fluorocytosine against clinically isolated yeasts.


Candida albicans and the fungicidal activity of the blood.


A comparison of gastric acid secretions after highly selective vagotomy without drainage and selective vagotomy with a pyloroplasty.


Louis Pasteur sesquicentennial (1822-1972).


Phagocytosis of colloidal carbon by the fixed tissue and peritoneal macrophages of New Zealand mice.


Inbreeding effects in a French Canadian isolate. I. Evolution of inbreeding.


Some recent advances in the comprehension of in vitro morphogenesis of tobacco mosaic virus.


A new method for specific labelling of tRNA: preliminary results on yeast tRNA Phe .


Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele.


Cardiac rupture. Three operations with two long-term survivals.


Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.


A multilayer cell-culture technique to improve yields of a herpesvirus of turkeys.


Pathogenicity of two embryo-passage levels of avian infectious bronchitis virus for the oviduct of young chickens of various ages.


Effects of chlortetracylcine on agglutinating antibody response to Salmonella typhimurium in young chickens.


Liver transplantation in man.

Liver transplantation in man.


Folic acid and low birth weight infants.


Neclear techniques for envirnmental studies.


The influence of industrial medicine on economic geography.


Preservation of kidneys for transplantation. Experimental studies.


Specificity of the latex-cryptococcal antigen test.


Membership directory, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.


A simple quantitative urine culture method using an internally coated plastic pipette.


Indirect immunofluorescent antinuclear antibody tests: comparison of sensitivity and specificity of different substrates.


Guancydine: a new antihypertensive agent. Use with quinethazone and guanethidine or propranolol.


Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: an assessment.


Bacterial endocarditis on calcification of the mitral anulus fibrosus.


Signorina Galieri's scleroderma or scleredema.


Differentiation in Coprinus lagopus. I. Control of fruiting and cytology in initial events.


Specific inhibitors of MS2 and late T4 RNA translation in E. coli.


The role of the fourth nucleotide from the 3'end in the yeast phenylalanyl transfer RNA synthetase recognition site: requirement for adenosine.


Metabolic regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase formation in bacteria.


Specificity of the initiator methionine tRNA for terminal and internal recognition.


Effect of homologous RNA polymerase on the increase in chromatin template activity of stimulated fibroblasts.


Replication of the minicircular DNA of E. coli 15 is dependent on DNA polymerase I but independent of DNA polymerase 3.


Comparison of the effect of acidic inhibitors upon anaerobic phosphate uptake and dinitrophenol extrusion by metabolizing yeast cells.


Fragility of the permeability barrier of Escherichia coli.


University schools of nursing in Canada.


Incest: a synthesis of data.

Incest: a synthesis of data.


Nicotinic acid, thioridazine, fluoxymesterone and their combinations in hospitalized geriatric patients: a systematic clinical study.


A one-year trial of clopenthixol in chronic schizophrenia.


Astor Ralph Schrag, 1910-1972.

Astor Ralph Schrag, 1910-1972.


Crystallization of pure species of bacterial tRNA for x-ray diffraction studies.


Incorrect aminoacylatins catalysed by the phenylalanyl-and valyl-tRNA synthetases from yeast.


The theory of alternative substrates in enzyme kinetics and its application to yeast hexokinase.


The effect of structural modifications of ATP on the yeast-hexokinase reaction.


Percivall Pott (1714-1789).

Percivall Pott (1714-1789).


Studies on a thermophilic bacillus: its isolation, properties, and temperature coefficient of growth. A thermophilic bacillus with minimal, optimal, and maximal growth temperatures of 40, 64.5, and 72 C, respectively, was isolated from soil. Biochemical and morphological studies place the isolate in group 1 of the classification of Walker and Wolf. After adaption to nitrate broth, the temperature coefficient for growth was found to be 20,400 cal/mol. When the temperature coefficient for growth of the isolate, psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, and a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus are compared, there is no correlation with optimal temperature. The form of the Arrhenius equation, as used by some workers, is commented on.


Isolation, identification, and characterization of a lipoate-degrading pseudomonad and of a lipoate catabolite. A strain of bacteria that can degrade lipoic acid was isolated from soil. The bacterium, adapted to use 0.4% dl-lipoate as the sole organic substrate to supply carbon, sulfur, and energy, was identified morphologically and physiologically as a strain of Pseudomonas putida. Degradation of 1,6-(14)C-lipoic acid, synthesized from 1,6-(14)C-adipic acid, was evidenced by: (i) loss of approximately 50% of the total radioactivity from the medium after bacterial growth; (ii) appearance of (14)C-degradation products upon paper and thin-layer chromatography of the culture medium; and (iii) oxygraphically measured utilization of O(2) by cells in the presence of lipoate or other oxidizable substrates. Analyses of the benzene extract of culture medium by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry, and by gas-liquid chromatography after desulfuration, have characterized bisnorlipoic acid, or 4,6-dithiohexanoic acid, as the major catabolite present in the medium. beta-Oxidation of the side chain is thus proven to be a pathway employed by the pseudomonad to degrade lipoic acid.


Physiological studies on Vitreoscilla stercoraria. Vitreoscilla stercoraria ATCC 15218 was studied to elucidate some of its physiological characteristics. The initial optimal pH for the organism was found to be 7.5 to 7.7. The characteristics of the growth curve of the organism showed that its growth in shake cultures is by increasing trichome number up to approximately 15 hr and by increasing trichome length after 15 hr. Nutritional studies indicated that it is auxotrophic for biotin, thiamine, and l-arginine, and it appears to be an obligate amino acid utilizer because only protein hydrolysates or known amino acid mixtures would support growth.


Translation of synthetic and endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid in vitro by ribosomes and polyribosomes from Clostridium pasteurianum. Ribosomes and polyribosomes from Clostridium pasteurianum were isolated and their activities were compared with those of ribosomes from Escherichia coli in protein synthesis in vitro. C. pasteurianum ribosomes exhibited a high level of activity due to endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA). For translation of polyuridylic acid [poly(U)], C. pasteurianum ribosomes required a higher concentration of Mg(2+) and a much higher level of poly(U) than did E. coli ribosomes. Phage f2 RNA added to the system with C. pasteurianum ribosomes gave no significant stimulation of protein synthesis in a homologous system or with E. coli initiation factors. The 30S and 50S subunits prepared from C. pasteurianum ribosomes reassociated less readily than subunits from E. coli. The ability of the C. pasteurianum subunits to reassociated was found to be dependent upon the presence of a reducing agent during preparation and during analysis of the reassociation products. In heterologous combinations, E. coli 30S subunits associated readily with C. pasteurianum 50S subunits to form 70S particles, but C. pasteurianum 30S subunits and E. coli 50S subunits did not associate. In poly(U) translation, E. coli 30S subunits were active in combination with 50S subunits from either E. coli or C. pasteurianum, but C. pasteurianum 30S subunits were not active in combination with either type of 50S subunits. Polyribosomes prepared from C. pasteurianum were very active in protein synthesis, and well-defined ribosomal aggregates as large as heptamers could be seen on sucrose gradients. An attempt was made to demonstrate synthesis in vitro of ferredoxin.


Biosynthetic pathway of thiamine pyrophosphate: a special reference to the thiamine monophosphate-requiring mutant and the thiamine pyrophosphate-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. Two types of mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated, one of which (mutant 70-23-107) responded to thiamine pyrophosphate, and the other (mutant 70-23-102) to thiamine monophosphate and thiamine pyrophosphate. They were produced by further mutation of a thiamine auxotroph of E. coli 70-23 with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The parent organism required thiamine because phosphohydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity was lacking in this organism, and hydroxymethylpyrimidine pyrophosphate was not permeable through the cell membrane of E. coli. Thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate were all equally active for the parent, whereas mutants 70-23-102 and 70-23-107 lost their ability to grow on thiamine. Both mutants differed only in the growth response to thiamine monophosphate: the former could grow on thiamine monophosphate, whereas the latter could not. Experimental results with the newly isolated mutants indicate that in E. coli the free form of thiamine is not involved in de novo synthesis of thiamine pyrophosphate, but thiamine monophosphate, an exclusive product formed by the reaction between hydroxymethylpyrimidine pyrophosphate and hydroxyethylthiazole monophosphate, is directly phosphorylated to form thiamine pyrophosphate. Exogenous thiamine, on the other hand, is converted to thiamine pyrophosphate via the intermediate formation of thiamine monophosphate.


Effects of growth inhibitors and ultraviolet irradiation on F pili. The effects of chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, mitomycin C, NaCN, and ultraviolet irradiation at 253.7 nm on F pili production by Escherichia coli cells was studied by electron microscopy. The results show that cells contain pools of pili protein, and that assembly does not require synthesis of protein or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). NaCN (2 x 10(-2)m) prevents the reappearance of pili and causes existing pili to disappear quickly from the cell surface. This suggests that energy is used in the assembly of pili and to retain pili on the cell. Cells irradiated with high doses (10(4)ergs/mm(2)) of 253. 7 nm light produce fewer pili, and these are shorter than normal. Dose-response curves for number of pili per cell and length of pili resemble single hit kinetics, showing 37% survival at 10(4) ergs/mm(2) and 2 x 10(4) ergs/mm(2), respectively. This suggests that DNA is at the site where pili are produced, and that it may be involved in the assembly of pili.


Effect of the proline analogue baikiain on proline metabolism in Salmonella typhimurium. A proline analogue, 4,5-dehydro-l-pipecolic acid (baikiain) induces the formation in Salmonella typhimurium of the two enzymes catalyzing the degradation of proline, proline oxidase and Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) dehydrogenase. The level of induction by 20 mm baikiain is about 10% of the maximum level induced by proline. Since the analogue is a substrate of proline oxidase the first enzyme of the proline catabolic pathway, the oxidation derivative rather than baikiain itself might be the actual effector. Baikiain is also an inducer of proline oxidase in Escherichia coli K-12 and E. coli W. An additional effect of this analogue on proline degradation in S. typhimurium is inhibition of P5C dehydrogenase. At a concentration of 5 x 10(-4)m, baikiain inhibits completely the growth of strains constitutive for proline oxidase. This inhibition, which can be overcome by proline, occurs in the presence or absence of P5C dehydrogenase activity. Three spontaneously occurring mutants resistant to baikiain were isolated from constitutive strains. All are pleiotropic-negative for the proline-degrading enzymes. The sites of these mutations are linked to the put region. Although the mechanism of toxicity has not been determined, baikiain provides a simple and direct selection for obtaining mutants unable to degrade proline. In addition, it allows selection for strains with an inducible rather than constitutive phenotype.


Enterochelin system of iron transport in Escherichia coli: mutations affecting ferric-enterochelin esterase. Three mutant strains of Escherichia coli have been isolated which are lacking ferric-enterochelin esterase activity. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the enterochelin moiety of ferric-enterochelin to yield ultimately three molecules of N-2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine. The mutants (designated fes(-)) were shown to be unaffected in enterochelin biosynthesis, capable of enterochelin-mediated iron uptake, and able to utilize ferric-dihydroxybenzoylserine complexes normally. When grown under iron-deficient conditions, however, they showed an absolute requirement for added iron or citrate, a phenotype characteristic of mutants defective in some part of the enterochelin system of iron uptake. These results support the theory that iron, taken up by the cell as ferric-enterochelin is only available for general cell metabolism after hydrolysis of the ligand by enterochelin esterase. The three fes(-) strains were shown to be affected in the B component of enterochelin esterase. The fesB gene which is probably the structural gene coding for component B of the esterase, was shown to be located at about minute 14 on the E. coli chromosome together with seven other genes involved in the enterochelin system of iron transport.


Temperature-sensitive mutation in regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. An Escherichia coli mutant dependent on exogenous transfer ribonucleic acid (RNA) for bulk RNA formation at 42 C has been isolated, starting from a parental strain permeable to RNA. In the absence of added transfer RNA at the high temperature, protein synthesis stopped, and the strain formed little if any ribosomal RNA.


Effect of elevated temperatures on protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. Upon a temperature shift from 30 C to 42 to 44 C, Escherichia coli experiences a transient slowdown in rate of optical density increase, uridine incorporation, and amino acid incorporation. The data show that the primary target for thermal inactivation is a molecule(s) required for the initiation of protein synthesis. The effect on ribonucleic acid synthesis is a secondary effect.


Polyamine metabolism in potassium-deficient bacteria. The metabolism of polyamines was studied in K(+)-dependent strains of Escherichia coli. When these stringent organisms were in a medium containing Na(+) instead of K(+), protein synthesis was arrested, but synthesis of ribonucleic acid continued as it would in a relaxed organism. The Na(+) medium inhibited synthesis of spermidine and S-adenosylmethionine. However, the synthesis of putrescine was accelerated at least five- to eightfold. Exogenous ornithine doubled even this rate of putrescine synthesis but did not increase the low level of putrescine synthesis in the K(+) medium. In K(+) or Na(+) media, with or without 0.3 mm arginine, putrescine was derived almost entirely from ornithine via ornithine decarboxylase. Addition of spermidine (5 mm) to a Na(+) culture markedly inhibited putrescine synthesis. The ornithine decarboxylase of an extract of a K(-)-dependent strain prepared at low ionic strength was separated from ribosomes, deoxyribonucleic acid, and associated polyamines by centrifugation, and from many ions by ultrafiltration and fractionation on Sephadex G-100. Addition of Na(+) and K(+) salts to 200 mm was markedly inhibitory. The combined reductions both in synthesis of the inhibitor spermidine and in intracellular ionic strength may explain the in vivo activation of this enzyme.


Inhibition of cell-free protein synthesis by hydrostatic pressure. Pressure inhibition of cell-free polypeptide synthesis is manifested in the same manner as that observed in the intact cell: (i) starting at approximately 200 atm, there is a progressive inhibition with increasing pressures; (ii) there is complete inhibition at 680 atm; (iii) incorporation into polypeptide is instantaneously reversible after pressure release and proceeds at a rate parallel to an atmospheric control; and (iv) the volume change of activation (DeltaV*) is 100 cm(3)/mole. Peptide bond formation per se can occur at a pressure level which is totally inhibitory to polypeptide synthesis. The one investigated step in translation that is inhibited in an identical manner is the binding of aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (AA-tRNA) to the ribosome-messenger RNA (mRNA) complex. The volume change of activation (DeltaV*) calculated for the binding reaction is also 100 cm(3)/mole. Thus, the inability of AA-tRNA to bind to ribosomes and mRNA under pressure, possibly in conjunction with translocation, appears to be responsible for the observed inhibition of the translational mechanism.


Mercury resistance in a plasmid-bearing strain of Escherichia coli. A strain of Escherichia coli carrying genes determining mercury resistance on a naturally occurring resistance transfer factor (RTF) converts 95% of 10(-5)m Hg(2+) (chloride) to metallic mercury at a rate of 4 to 5 nmoles of Hg(2+) per min per 10(8) cells. The metallic mercury is rapidly eliminated from the culture medium as mercury vapor. The volatilizing activity has a temperature dependence and heat sensitivity characteristic of enzymatic catalysis and is inducible by mercuric chloride. Ag(+) and Au(3+) are markedly inhibitory of mercury volatilization.


L-arabinose isomerase formation in a conditional mutant of gene araA of Escherichia coli B-r. A temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli in which the synthesis of l-arabinose isomerase is blocked during growth at 42 C was found to possess the following properties. (i) The mutation occurred in the structural gene for the isomerase, gene araA. (ii) During growth at elevated temperatures the mutant accumulates a product which is a precursor to the active enzyme. (iii) The precursor produced at 42 C is slowly converted to active enzyme at 28 C in the absence of protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis. It is concluded that the mutation results in a change in the structure of isomerase which causes formation of active enzyme to be thermolabile at a step beyond the level of translation.


R factor-controlled restriction and modification of deoxyribonucleic acid: restriction mutants. Restriction mutants of two different R factor-controlled host specificities (RI and RII) were isolated. All of the restriction mutants examined had a normal modification phenotype. No complementation was observed between the RI and RII host specificities. It is concluded that for each host specificity no protein subunit is shared by the restriction endonuclease and modification methylase.


Mutant of Escherichia coli with derepressed levels of the biotin biosynthetic enzymes. A cross-feeding technique was used to isolate a mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 that excretes 1,000 times more biotin into the growth medium than the parent strain. The mutant has high levels of the biotin biosynthetic enzymes even when grown in the presence of biotin. Desthiobiotin synthetase, the level of which was used as a measure of the biosynthetic activity of the biotin pathway, is not repressed by biotin at the concentration 250,000 times that sufficient to repress the enzyme in the wild type. The mutant gene is cotransducible with argC located at 77 min on the E. coli chromosome.


Isolation of the lipid intermediate in peptidoglycan biosynthesis from Escherichia coli. The lipid intermediate in peptidoglycan biosynthesis was isolated from Escherichia coli strain W and characterized as C(55)-isoprenyl-pyrophosphoryl N-acetylmuramyl(-pentapeptide)-N-acetyl-glucosamine.