Differentiation of blood group H in a human transformed cell line. HeLa cells were separated into two populations by agglutination with anti-H ulex reagent which was defined according to its reactivity against L-fucose, the immunodeterminant sugar for blood group H. Chromosome studies of individual cells from each population indicated that they were karyotypically similar and that they possessed a single modal chromosome number of 69. Studies of tissue culture supernates and of cellular fractions and their supernates showed that HeLa cell group H was membrane associated and not soluble in nature. Cloning studies of single H(-) cells separated from H(-) cells agglutinated by anti-H demonstrated progeny comprised of mixed H(-)/H(-) cells, a finding which was supported by results of population studies on typed cells grown in monolayer culture. It is believed that the H- population represents germinal cells that are capable of dividing to form mixed H(-)/H(-) cellular progeny, the former representing a more fully differentiated cell form, which eventually exfoliates and becomes nonfunctional.


Recent studies on the immunodeficiencies of man.


Treatment of immune deficiency.

Treatment of immune deficiency.


Circulating B-cells in patients with immunodeficiency.


Radiometric detection of some food-borne bacteria. Studies on detection of bacteria by radiometric techniques have been concerned primarily with aerobic species in clinical specimens. The data presented here are related to detection of aerobic and anaerobic species that are of significance in foods, by measurement of (14)CO(2) evolved from the metabolism of (14)C-glucose. Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated into tryptic soy broth containing 0.0139 muCi of (14)C glucose/ml of medium. Detection times ranged from 10 to 3 hr for inocula of 10(0) to 10(4) cells/ml of broth. Heat-shocked spores of Clostridium sporogenes or C. botulinum were incubated in tryptic soy broth supplemented with Thiotone and NaHCO(3). The medium was rendered anaerobic with N(2). Spores were detected when 0.0833 muCi of labeled glucose was available/ml of medium but not when 0.0139 muCi of glucose was present/ml. The spores required 3 to 4 hr longer for detection than did comparable numbers of aerobic vegetative cells. The results demonstrate the importance of availability of sufficient label in the media and the potential of the application of this technique for sterility testing of foods.


New medium for the isolation and enumeration of pseudomonads. A new medium containing 200 ppb of 2-hydroxy-2',4,4'-trichlorodiphenyloxide (CH3565) and 10 ppm of cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (Cetrimide) in tryptic soy agar was developed and tested with 19 pure cultures of Pseudomonas, 20 microorganisms of other genera, commercially prepared ground beef, and laboratory-prepared inoculated ground beef. The new medium, CETCH agar, was compared with an antibiotic-containing medium. CETCH agar provided greater pseudomonad recoveries, a shorter incubation period prior to plate counting, and greater ease of preparation.


Similarity in several properties of psychorophilic bacteria grown at low and moderate temperatures. Several properties of psychrophilic pseudomonads were studied with cells grown in batch culture in nutrient broth at 2 and 30 C. No differences were observed in the size, catalase activity, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein content of cells grown at either temperature. The importance of comparing physiologically similar cells is discussed.


Separation of prodigiosenes and identification as prodigiosin syntrophic pigment from mutant pairs of Serratia marcescens. Countercurrent distribution is capable of resolving mixtures of closely related prodigiosene pigments. Syntrophic pigment produced by several pairs of Serratia marcescens color mutants was identified as prodigiosin (2-methyl-3-amyl-6-methoxyprodigiosene) by countercurrent distribution, soda lime pyrolysis, and other techniques. The metabolic block of mutant strain H-462, derived from parent strain HY, was located between the blocks of mutant strains OF and WF, both derived from parent strain Nima.


Metabolic process during the repair of freeze-injury in Escherichia coli. After Escherichia coli was injured by freezing, the repair process was studied during incubation of the cells for 2 hr at 25 C in 0.5% K(2)HPO(4) at pH 7.0 in the presence of specific metabolic inhibitors. The repair in K(2)HPO(4) was not affected by inhibitors of the synthesis of protein, nucleic acids, and mucopeptide. These inhibitors prevented growth of the repaired cells in a minimal broth at 35 C for 24 hr (except actinomycin D and hydroxyurea). Several uncouplers of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis reduced the repair process in K(2)HPO(4), but only cyanide and azide prevented growth in minimal medium. Data indicated that the cells synthesized energy in the form of ATP and probably utilized it for the repair process. Addition of ATP also facilitated the repair of injury. The freeze-injured cells showed extreme susceptibility to surface-active agents and lysozyme. The repaired cells, like the uninjured cells, became relatively resistant to these compounds.


Standardization and quantitation of immunofluorescence in the rabies fluorescent-antibody test. The standardization and quantitation of immunofluorescence with a Farrand microphotometer in the rabies fluorescent-antibody technique were determined. The system is useful in maintaining the quality of examinations for rabies in a public health laboratory since quantitation of reagent, equipment performance, and specificity of reaction can be evaluated. An analysis of the results demonstrates the high degree of reproducibility and the accuracy of the techniques described.


Rapid, direct fluorescent-antibody method for the detection of salmonellae in food and feeds. An improved immunofluorescent-antibody (FA) method for the detection of salmonellae in foods and feeds was developed. This FA method combines a rapid cultural phase and a serological phase that allow for propagation of salmonellae in a minimum time, employing the industrial 8-hr work day as a guide. Two hundred fifty naturally contaminated human food and animal feed samples, representing 647 trials, were tested by the FA method. A total of 18 different food and feed samples was used. The method used by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) for the detection of salmonellae was the control method. The percent agreement when comparing the FA slide method to the AOAC method ranged from 87.1 to 95.3%, depending upon the conjugated antisera used in comparative studies.


Microfermentation series for identification of single colonies of Enterobacteriaceae. Microfermentation tests for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were devised by using agar solutions in disposable, multi-welled, plastic trays. The tests could be made directly from isolated colonies picked from agar plates and represented a considerable saving in time, labor, and materials over the conventional methods. Tests were formulated for determining carbohydrate fermentations, citrate utilization, motility, amino acid decarboxylation, and production of H(2)S, indole, urease, and acetyl-methyl-carbinol.


Small-intestinal microflora in Autralian Aboriginal children with chronic diarrhoea.


Combined L-dopa and amantadine in Parkinsonism.


A "triple-steal syndrome" resulting from innominate and left subclavian arterial occlusion.


It's all a matter of statistics.

It's all a matter of statistics.


Kinetics and inhibition of alkaline phosphatases from canine tissues.


Proteases of macrophages in rat peritoneal exudate, with special reference to the effects of actinomycete protease inhibitors.


A  -lactamase of Escherichia coli.

A  -lactamase of Escherichia coli.


Partial purification and characterization of spermine synthase from rat brain.


Advances in human genetics and their impact on society. Welcoming remarks.


Introductory remarks to the academic address by Martin Roth.


Non-invasive technique for diagnosing atrial septal defect and assessing shunt volume using directional Doppler ultrasound. Correlations with phasic flow velocity patterns of the shunt.


The role of DNA synthesis in the formation of post-conjugational recombinant structure in Escherichia coli K-12.


Irrelevancy of the homologous pairing for continuance of the genetic transfer during the conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12.


Relationship between the competence for reception of the donor DNA and a stage of the chromosome replication in the recipient during the bacterial conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12.


Computer electrocardiographic processing.


The neurogenic bladder in children with spina bifida. Progress and problems.


Reticulosarcomas of the brain presenting as butterfly tumours. Possible implications for treatment.


The presence of octopamine in the brain of Helix aspersa and its action on specific snail neurones.


Phosphate transport in Trypanosoma cruzi.


The chronic effects of nicotine monomethiodide on gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.


Effect of splenectomy on the immune response in the lizard, Calotes versicolor.


Inhibition of the primary immune response against sheep red blood cells by short-term reticulo-endothelial system blockage experiments in mice.


"Moral treatment": 1840-1972.

"Moral treatment": 1840-1972.


The Abraham Flexner Award. Dr. William R. Willard.


The Borden Award. Dr. George C. Cotzias.


Carbenoxolone sodium.

Carbenoxolone sodium.


History of the health sciences for undergraduates.


Flexner and medical education in Colombia.


Role of the kidney in hypertension due to renal infarction in the rat, determined by renal transplantation.


Hepatic scintigraphy in clinical decision making.


Immunoglobulins and the gut.

Immunoglobulins and the gut.


Treatment of renal disease. 9. Kidney transplantation.


Stephen Smith, M.D. In pursuit of health care for all.


Educational programs leading to professional qualification in physical therapy.


Progress in allergy. Introduction.

Progress in allergy. Introduction.


Cellular hypersensitivity and immunity. Inhibition of macrophage migration and the lymphocyte mediators.


Cell-cell interactions in antibody production.


African infant precocity.

African infant precocity.


Ascending aorta-to-right pulmonary artery shunts: experience with 100 patients.


Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery.


The venous homograft: an immunological question.


Digital amputations in diabetic patients.


Studies of the morphology and survival characteristics of erythrocytes from mice and rats with Plasmodium berghei infection.


Experimental myocarditis and endocarditis (Ribbert, 1886).


Successful operative correction of intrapulmonary rupture of a post-traumatic left ventricular aneurysm. Documentation of complete spontaneous closure of an associated ventricular septal defect.


Clinical pharmaco--physiology of dantrolene sodium.


The synovial system.

The synovial system.


Interlocking and knotting of ring nucleoli in amphibian oocytes.


Body fluid shifts associated with radical cancer surgery.


Influence of tilorone hydrochloride on the secondary structure and template activity of DNA.


Secretion of  -glucanase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts.


Inhibition of translation initiation complex formation by MS1.


Separation and characterization of an intramolecular cross-linked form of tRNA Met from E. coli.


Interaction between colicin E2 and DNA in vitro.


The structural gene for riboflavin synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Reaction of methoxyamine with phage f2 RNA and activity of modified messenger.


Oral immunization of mice with killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine. A study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of oral, parenteral, and intraperitoneal immunization methods of administering killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine to mice and to evaluate the effectiveness of single and multiple doses of the vaccine containing varied numbers of the killed bacteria. A further objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding substances to the vaccine to which have been ascribed "adjuvant" properties. The protection was estimated by isolation of bacteria from the spleen and feces after oral challenge of the mice with live S. typhimurium. The results showed that one or more doses of 10(10) organisms given orally led to significant protection. This rate of protection increased proportionately with the number of doses up to 10 doses, which offered 100% protection. Streptomycin, when added to multiple doses of 10(9) or more organisms given orally, increased the degree of protection, but beryllium sulfate and pertussis vaccine did not. Although multiple doses afforded similar systemic protection by all three routes of immunization, oral immunization yielded significantly greater local protection than that observed after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal immunization.


Effect of anti-B antiserum on the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. An increase in phagocytosis of Escherichia coli O86, an organism containing blood group B substance, was seen in the presence of anti-B antibodies.


Role of cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) in allergic granuloma formation in rabbits. The role of cord factor in BCG-induced pulmonary granulomas and local pulmonary delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was evaluated. Cord factor did not induce pulmonary granulomas comparable to those induced by killed BCG. The compound did not induce pulmonary DH that could be elicited by itself, purified protein derivative, or BCG. Cord factor-injected animals did not develop an accelerated pulmonary granulomatous response after challenge with killed BCG. Finally, cord factor did not elicit local pulmonary DH in BCG-sensitized animals. These results are discussed in relation to cord factor's role in antimicrobial immunity, granuloma formation, and antitumor immunity.


Effect of endotoxin on the activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by tryptophan. The effect of endotoxin on the activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by tryptophan was studied.


Characteristics of skin of importance to the surgeon.


The use of Dexon absorbable suture material in general surgery.


Specific macrophage immunity to vaccinia virus: macrophage-virus interaction. Macrophage immunity to vaccinia virus was examined by measuring replication of vaccinia virus in immune and nonimmune rabbit peritoneal macrophages. Vaccinia virus multiplied in macrophages from normal rabbits but failed to replicate in macrophages from immune rabbits. The specificity of vaccinia restriction was demonstrated by the ability of myxoma virus to replicate in nonimmune and vaccinia-immune macrophages. Vaccinia virus absorbed equally well to immune and nonimmune macrophages, but only a small fraction of immune cells supported synthesis of virus antigen. Virus eclipse and infective center neutralization studies suggested that much of the virus remained at the plasma membrane of immune macrophages, even after prolonged incubation in culture. These data support our previous suggestions that macrophages may contribute to specific immunity against vaccinia virus.


A method of simple and effective closure in emergency laparotomy.


A retrospect of Chicago surgery.

A retrospect of Chicago surgery.


Lack of prolactin release-inhibiting activity in synthetic LH-releasing hormone.


FSH and LH response to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in prepubertal and pubertal children, adult males and patients with hypogonadotropic and hypertropic hypogonadism.


LH and FSH releasing potency of the synthetic decapetide p-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-HN 2  in normal prepuberal males.


Variation of pituitary responsiveness to synthetic LRF during different phases of the menstrual cycle.


Atypical root resorption in primary molars: report of a case.


Vital reimplantation of a maxillary central incisor tooth: report of a case.


Effect of oral habits on the occlusion in preschool children.


Dental findings in a case of indifference-to-pain syndrome.


Whole blood phagocytic and bactericidal activity for Staphylococcus aureus.


Effects of a large dose of methylprednisolone on renal function.


Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in vitro.


Mitochondrial RNA In Xenopus laevis. I. The expression of the mitochondrial genome.


Regulation of the immune response: saturation of a 19S system and antigen localization in spleen.


Psychological aspects of infertility.

Psychological aspects of infertility.


Anodontia vera in hereditary ectodermal dysplasia.


Chromosomal mutations affecting the stability of sex-factors in Escherichia coli.


Mitochondrial RNA in Xenopus laevis. II. Molecular weights and other physical properties of mitochondrial ribosomal and 4 s RNA.


A conservative method of treating tetracycline stained teeth.


The ecological relationships of meningeal worm and native cervids in North America.


Normal yeast flora of the upper digestive tract of some wild columbids.


Leptospirosis in Danish wild mammals.

Leptospirosis in Danish wild mammals.


E. coli DNA polymerase I and other host functions participate in T4 DNA replication and recombination.


The structure of taurodont teeth.

The structure of taurodont teeth.


A comparison of the plaque-removing ability of a standard and an unconventional toothbrush.


Differentiation of HeLa cells with respect to blood group H antigen.


A new method for selection of Escherichia coli mutants defective in membrane lipid synthesis.


Nuclear pore complexes: "press-stud" elements of chromosomes in pairing and control.


Diversity of regulation of genetic transcription.


Interactions between Escherichia coli DNA and RNA in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system.


Non-existence of shunts between afferent and efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli in dog and rat kidneys.


Periodontal disease and oral hygiene among children, United States.


Temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli requiring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids for growth: isolation and properties. A procedure is described for selection of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting fatty-acid synthesis based upon radiation suicide of wild-type organisms by tritiated acetate selectively incorporated into fatty acids. At 37 degrees , two of the mutants extensively incorporate fatty-acid supplements provided in the medium, and grow for extended periods only when a trans-unsaturated or a combination of saturated and cis-unsaturated fatty acids is available. In vivo fatty-acid synthesis, measured by [(14)C]acetate incorporation, is temperature-sensitive in these strains relative to protein synthesis and other non-lipid macromolecular syntheses using acetate. The biochemical nature of these mutations has not been identified.


Formation of hybrids between coliphage lambda and Salmonella phage P22 with a Salmonella typhimurium hybrid sensitive to these phages. An unusual Salmonella typhimurium hybrid with sensitivity to coliphage lambda and salmonella phage P22 has been recovered from matings between an Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr donor and an S. typhimurium recipient. The hybrid is an excellent host for achieving genetic recombination between lambda and P22. Two broad classes of hybrid phages were isolated. The lambda-P22 hybrid class, which has the protein coat of lambda, contains at least the c region of P22. The P22-lambda hybrid class has the protein coat of P22 and has inherited at least the c marker of lambda.


Functional modification of 16S ribosomal RNA by kethoxal. Kethoxal reacts with 30S ribosomal subunits to give totally inactive particles, as measured by in vitro protein synthesis. It is postulated that functional modification occurs at the binding site for transfer RNA since (a) loss of specific binding of transfer RNA, but not binding of messenger RNA, is simultaneous with loss of protein synthesis, and (b) loss of activity is inhibited by bound transfer RNA. By means of in vitro reconstitution and labeling techniques, it is found that loss of transfer RNA-binding activity is correlated with the modification of six or seven guanine residues in 16S RNA.


DNA modification methylase activity of Escherichia coli restriction endonucleases K and P. The highly purified restriction endonucleases of E. coli K and coliphage P1 transfer methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to adenine residues of unmodified DNA. Incubation of unmodified DNA with endonucleases K or P and S-adenosylmethionine renders the DNA resistant to restriction. The enzymes, therefore, have both restriction endonuclease and modification methylase activities.


Carcinogens as frameshift mutagens: metabolites and derivatives of 2-acetylaminofluorene and other aromatic amine carcinogens. Several carcinogenic metabolites of the carcinogen 2-acetyl-aminofluorene, especially 2-nitrosofluorene and N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, are potent frameshift mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium. 2-Nitrosonaphthalene, 2-nitrosophenanthrene, 4-nitroso-trans-stilbene, 4-nitrosobiphenyl, and 4-nitrosoazobenzene, all of which are metabolites or likely metabolites of carcinogenic aromatic amines, are also potent frameshift mutagens. These compounds may be frameshift mutagens of the class that intercalates into DNA and then reacts covalently with the DNA; various ultimate carcinogens may be of this type. The utility of a set of bacterial strains for detecting carcinogens as mutagens is shown.


In vivo production of an RNA-DNA copolymer after infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T4. An RNA-DNA copolymer was isolated from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. The RNA and DNA are covalently linked, and in the same polynucleotide strand. The DNA of the copolymer hybridizes specifically to the left strand of phage T4 DNA. The copolymer is produced in cells infected with amber mutants of phage T4 deficient in DNA replication and is not inhibited by the addition of chloramphenicol.


Biochemical characterization and cytochemical localization of a catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in isolated capillary endothelium. Capillaries were isolated from epididymal fat, and a catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase found in these capillaries was characterized. The effect of various hormones on the accumulation of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in capillary endothelial cells was determined and the cyclase was found to exhibit mixed alpha and beta characteristics. Cyclase was cytochemically localized in these endothelial cells with 5'-adenylyl-imidodiphosphate as a specific cyclase substrate and alloxan as a specific cyclase inhibitor. Lead imidodiphosphate was precipitated at or near the site of cyclase activity upon hydrolysis of 5'-adenylyl-imidodiphosphate by cyclase. This reaction product was observed primarily on the luminal surface of intact capillaries, in micropinocytic invaginations, in free vesicles within the cytoplasm, and in the intracellular junctions.


Precursor and product in bacteriophage lambda recombination. Analyses of the time of recombination in bacteria infected with phage lambda and in spheroplasts infected with purified phage lambda DNA indicate a preponderance of recombination occurring before replication ("early recombination") after infection with tandem dimers formed in vitro compared to linear monomer DNA and phage infections. Among the early recombinants is a large fraction of cells that produces one recombinant type exclusively. Two suggestions are discussed-that a dimer-like molecule is the precursor of the recombinant progeny molecule and that one recombinant chromosome is the frequent or exclusive product of a recombinational event.


Cleavage of bacteriophage fl DNA by the restriction enzyme of Escherichia coli B. We studied the cleavage of the replicative-form DNA (RF I) of bacteriophage f1 and its SB mutants by purified restriction endonuclease of E. coli B. The results indicate that: (i) Circular replicative forms are broken once to yield full-length linear molecules (RF III). Such linear molecules are less susceptible than RF I to endonuclease R-B. (ii) The genetic sites (SB sites) that confer on the DNA susceptibility to B-restriction are not the actual sites of cleavage. The number of possible cleavage sites is larger than the number of SB sites. We conclude this because an RF III molecule produced by endonuclease R-B from RF I of a mutant that has only one SB site can be circularized by denaturation and renaturation. (iii) The SB site is not modified when the DNA is cleaved, since an SB site can be used repeatedly by endonuclease R-B; the RF III described in ii can be cleaved by the same enzyme after denaturation and renaturation.


A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in DNA polymerase II activity. A mutant of E. coli defective in DNA polymerase II activity was isolated. Extracts had about 0.1% of the normal activity of the DNA polymerase. The effect of the mutation on the ability of cells to replicate DNA of various sources was analyzed. Mutant bacteria grow normally, at 41 degrees as well as at 30 degrees . All bacteriophages, F factors, and R factors examined so far grow normally in the mutant. Sensitivity of the mutant to ultraviolet radiation and alkylating reagents in growth media was the same as that of the wild type. The mutation, polB1, is recessive with respect to wild type. The polB1 mutation can coexist with recombination-defective mutations. Genetic mapping studies show the mutation to be located at about 2 min on the E. coli map.


Conversion of phiX174 and fd single-stranded DNA to replicative forms in extracts of Escherichia coli. varphiX174 and M13 (fd) single-stranded circular DNAs are converted to their replicative forms by extracts of E. coli pol A1 cells. We find that the varphiX174 DNA-dependent reaction requires Mg(++), ATP, and all four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, but not CTP, UTP, or GTP. This reaction also involves the products of the dnaC, dnaD, dnaE (DNA polymerase III), and dnaG genes, but not that of dnaF (ribonucleotide reductase). The in vitro conversion of fd single-stranded DNA to the replicative form requires all four ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mg(++), and all four deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The reaction involves the product of gene dnaE but not those of genes dnaC, dnaD, dnaF, or dnaG. The reaction with fd DNA is inhibited by rifampicin or antibody to RNA polymerase, while the reaction with varphiX174 DNA is not affected by either. With the varphiX174 DNA-dependent reaction, activities have been detected that specifically complement extracts of dnaA, dnaB, dnaC, dnaD, or dnaG mutants.


Covalent structure of bovine neurophysin-II: localization of the disulfide bonds. The completed amino-acid sequence of bovine neurophysin-II, a major neurohypophyseal hormone-binding protein in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex of cows, set the stage for the localization of the disulfide bonds of this sulfur-rich molecule. Neurophysin-II was digested with subtilisin or a pepsin-trypsin mixture. The resulting peptides were subjected to first-dimensional electrophoresis at pH 6.5, oxidized with performic acid, and subjected to second-dimensional electrophoresis under identical conditions as the first-dimensional separation, but in a perpendicular direction. Cysteic acid peptides were eluted (several after additional electrophoretic purification at pH 3.5) for amino-acid composition and NH(2)- and COOH-terminal analyses. Our assignment of the seven disulfide bridges present in neurophysin-II is as follows: Cys(10)-Cys(93); Cys(13)-Cys(95); Cys(21)-Cys(27); Cys(28)-Cys(44); Cys(54)-Cys(61); Cys(67)-Cys(73); Cys(74)-Cys(79). The assignment of disulfide bridges associated with Cys(27) and Cys(28) is tentative as it is derived from evolutionary consideration. The high disulfide content reduces drastically the allowed number of biofunctional conformers of neurophysin-II. It is suggested that neurophysin-II possesses a globular topography with minimal alpha-helix structure.


Victor Tausk. The creativity and suicide of a psychoanalyst.


Isotope techniques in the study of drug metabolism.


M. Royden C. Astley, M.D. 1911-1972.

M. Royden C. Astley, M.D. 1911-1972.


Fine-structure deletion map of the Escherichia coli L-arabinose operon. A fine-structure deletion map of the L-arabinose operon of E. coli was constructed by mapping deletion endpoints against point mutations. Of 350 independent deletions with average endpoint separation of ten nucleotides, 51 ended in the control region between the C and B genes, and the rest ended in the structural genes A, B, C, and D. If deletion endpoints are randomly distributed, the C and B genes are separated by about 510 nucleotides. Deletion endpoints and locations of point mutations in fact do appear randomly interspersed in the C and B genes, but no point mutations were found in the control region between them. Deletions were isolated with the aid of a heat-inducible lambda phage inserted into leucine genes adjacent to the arabinose genes. A high-capacity mating technique was developed for rapidly generating fine structure maps from many deletions and point mutations.


Chromone-2- and -3-carboxylic acids and their derivatives.


Berta Bornstein. 1899-1971.

Berta Bornstein. 1899-1971.


Gustav Bychowski, M.D. 1895-1972.

Gustav Bychowski, M.D. 1895-1972.


Ives Hendrick, M.D. 1898-1972.

Ives Hendrick, M.D. 1898-1972.


Simon Kwalwasser, M.D. 1910-1971.

Simon Kwalwasser, M.D. 1910-1971.


Sandor Rado, M.D. 1890-1972.

Sandor Rado, M.D. 1890-1972.


Philip Weissman, M.D. 1911-1972.

Philip Weissman, M.D. 1911-1972.


Pancreatic endocrine-exocrine relationships in health and disease.


Hunger, obesity, and the ventromedial hypothalamus.


Dr. Scott and Dr. White.

Dr. Scott and Dr. White.


The effect of chlorbenzoxamine upon symptoms and healing of peptic ulcer.


Scott and White celebrate 75th year.

Scott and White celebrate 75th year.


Hepatic blood flow in alcoholic liver disease measured by an indicator dilution technic.


Molecular nephrology.

Molecular nephrology.


Hardship and collective violence in France, 1830 to 1960.


Quantitation of portasystemic shunting from the splenic and mesenteric beds in alcoholic liver disease.


The management of foreign bodies in air passages.


The Clover-Snow collection. Papers of Joseph Clover and John Snow in the Woodward Biomedical Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.


High accuracy determination of calcium in blood serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry.


Suppression of adjuvant disease by bacterial extracellular products.


Phagocytic activity of macrophages and polymorphs in inflammatory exudates studied by a 'skin window' technique in rheumatoid and control patients.


The effect of syringe and cyclical passage on antigenic variants of Trypanosoma vivax.


Electron microscope autoradiographic studies on the effect of chloroquine on the uptake of tritiated nucleosides and methionine by Plasmodium berghei.


A comparison of the properties of pure human pepsins 1,2,3, and 5.


Bacterial ribonucleic acid synthesis in frog organs after intraperitoneal injection of bacteria.


The order of addition of substrates to yeast hexokinase.


Purification and properties of a fraction of chicken pepsin.


Adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate sulphurylase in baker's yeast. ADP sulphurylase from baker's yeast was purified and its properties were studied. The enzyme is very heat-labile and its activity shows linear kinetics over narrow ranges of time and protein concentration. It is not activated by metals and is inhibited by thiol-reactive compounds. The enzyme, which replaces inorganic sulphate in adenosine 5'-sulphatophosphate with P(i) to yield ADP, also catalyses an exchange of P(i) into ADP. Kinetic studies show that the enzyme has a high affinity for adenosine 5'-sulphatophosphate, although concentrations in excess of 1.0mm are inhibitory. However, the kinetics for P(i) are more complex and the enzyme is not inhibited by P(i) up to 20.0mm.


Fluorescence studies on ribonucleic acid polymerase.


Properties of the ribonucleic acid bacteriophage ZIK-1 coat protein and its synthesis in an Escherichia coli cell-free system. The coat protein subunit of the RNA bacteriophage ZIK/1 has a molecular weight of 12100 and does not contain histidine, methionine and cysteine. The amino acid composition of the coat protein is different from that of other RNA bacteriophage coat proteins. Bacteriophage ZIK/1 belongs to a class of RNA bacteriophages distinct from the f2 type, which lack histidine in their coat proteins, and the Qbeta type, which lack histidine and methionine. Bacteriophage ZIK/1 RNA is an efficient template in the Escherichia coli cell-free system producing coat protein as the major product and a number of non-coat proteins. This result is similar to that obtained with RNA from f2-type bacteriophages. It is probable that the genomes of RNA bacteriophages are structurally similar and that differences between the types of RNA bacteriophage arise from minor differences in RNA sequence.


Thiol groups of ribonucleic acid polymerase.


Glucose-mediated insulin release from mouse islets of Langerhans: adenylate cyclase.


Anaesthesia and the liver--lessons from history?


Clinical physiology of the liver.

Clinical physiology of the liver.


Halothane in Britain today.

Halothane in Britain today.


Halothane in the United States. An appraisal of the literature on "halothane hepatitis" and the American reaction to it.


Enzyme induction.

Enzyme induction.


Effects of anaesthetics on the splanchnic circulation.


A variable positive end expiratory pressure valve.


Lateral force distribution with relation to the residual ridge form and denture design.


An investigation of the platelet adhesiveness by Hellem's method in elderly patients under longterm psychiatric care, on a controlled diet with an unsaturated fatty acid load. An evaluation of the accuracy and clinical reproductibility of the method.


Wright H. Langham.

Wright H. Langham.


Role of the macrophage in natural resistance to salmonellosis in mice. In vitro, macrophages from normal strain BRVR mice killed Salmonella more quickly than did macrophages from normal strain BSVS mice. Salmonella injected intraperitoneally multiplied more quickly in BSVS mice than in BRVR mice. BRVR macrophages injected intraperitoneally into BSVS mice protected against Salmonella multiplication better than did BSVS macrophages. The populations of peritoneal cells that could be washed from the peritoneal cavity of normal BRVR and BSVS mice were morphologically and numerically identical. In vitro, BSVS macrophages were as efficient as BRVR macrophages in phagocytizing virulent Salmonella. These findings all support the concept that the greater natural resistance of BRVR mice to Salmonella infection may be explained by the greater ability of normal BRVR macrophages to kill ingested Salmonella.


Arenaviruses: cellular response to long-term in vitro infection with parana and lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses. Persistent infections were established in suspension cultures of BHK21/13S cells with both Parana and lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses. Four generations after infection with either virus, more than 90% of the cells scored as infective centers, with concomitant peaks in extracellular virus yields. In both cultures the synthesis of detectable plaque-forming units (PFU) ceased about the 50th generation postinfection, and this condition was maintained until the 350th cell generation when the cultures were discontinued. The generation time of each culture was identical to that of uninfected parent controls, and at no time were cytopathic effects evident. In spite of the absence of infectivity, over 90% of the cells sampled at various times contained viral antigen demonstrable by immunofluorescence. When either of these persistently infected cell lines was substituted for normal cells in the standard plaque assay, very low efficiencies of plating were observed for homotypic and heterotypic viruses. Plaque formation by several heterologous viruses was virtually unaffected. The mechanism of homotypic plaque exclusion in both cell lines was shown to occur beyond the virion adsorption stage. The original infecting virus genome persisted in both cell lines after standard virus was no longer detectable. This was shown with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected cells after storage in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, such cells were found to synthesize standard virus for a brief period. Although the Parana virus-infected cells did not behave this way, the growth medium from these cells would initiate PFU synthesis in normal cells within 36 hr after infection.


Comparative immunogenicity of heat-killed and living oral Salmonella vaccines. CD-1 mice were vaccinated intragastrically or intramuscularly with one or two doses of 200 mug of heat-killed Salmonella enteritidis 5694. Control mice were vaccinated with sublethal doses of living S. enteritidis Se795. The mice were challenged intragastrically with approximately 10(6)S. enteritidis 5694 SM(R) 7 to 14 days later, and the growth of the challenge population in the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, and intestine was measured quantitatively. Mice receiving two doses of heat-killed vaccine by mouth were able to delay the systemic emergence of a gastrically introduced salmonella infection by 1 to 2 days. The corresponding liver and spleen populations were slightly lower than those seen in the normal controls. On the other hand, mice receiving the living, attenuated vaccine (either intravenously or intragastrically) developed an effective anti-salmonella immunity against subsequent reinfection.


The primary immune response in mice. 3. Retention of sheep red blood cell immunogens by the spleen and liver. The antibody-inducing activities of foreign red blood cell immunogens sequestered in the spleens and livers of mice injected with sheep erythrocytes were evaluated during the early periods of the immune response. Estimates of immunogenicity, obtained from the magnitudes of anti-sheep red blood cell hemolysin responses evoked in sensitized recipient mice by subcellular tissue fractions prepared from these phagocytic organs, showed that the liver and spleen differ greatly in their handling of this particulate antigen. The liver, functioning primarily as a scavenger organ, destroys completely the immunogenicity of the heterologous erythrocytes in 12 hr. In contrast, the spleen handles foreign erythrocyte immunogens in at least two different ways: approximately 90% of the initially sequestered activity is rapidly destroyed by the spleen in 6 hr, but the remaining activity, associated chiefly with a tissue fraction possessing the sedimentation properties of "light mitochondria," is retained at a significant level for 3 days, and then progressively decreases to a low level until the 7th day. A correlation of the observed changes in the properties of the immunogenic tissue fraction with known cellular events in the spleen stimulated by antigens indicates that the retention of the degradable erythrocyte immunogen is essential for stimulating and maintaining immune reactions in this antibody-producing organ.


Enhanced growth of a murine coronavirus in transformed mouse cells. Plaque formation by A59 virus, a murine coronavirus, was facilitated in AL/N and Balb mouse cells transformed by polyoma virus, simian virus 40, murine sarcoma virus, or mammary tumor virus. In these virus-transformed cells, A59 virus plaques were larger, they appeared earlier, and plaquing efficiencies were higher than in normal, untransformed cells. "Spontaneously" transformed AL/N cells behaved similarly to untransformed cells, whereas "spontaneously" transformed Balb cells resembled virus-transformed cell hosts. Both untransformed and transformed AL/N and Balb cells were permissive hosts for A59 virus. However, multiplication of A59 virus was enhanced at least fivefold in the virus-transformed AL/N cell hosts. Larger differences (100-fold or greater) in A59 virus production were obtained during the first cycle of infection in Balb cells at low multiplicities and in AL/N cells after multiple cycles of virus growth. In virus-transformed and "spontaneously" transformed Balb cells, A59 virus induced extensive syncytia formation.


Model approach to immunological rejuvenation of the aged. Reconstitution of a damaged or exhausted immune system by injection of genetically compatible immunocompetent cells (immunologic rejuvenation) is a promising approach for restoration of immune activity. By using this model, spleen cells from young-adult mice, previously immunized with Salmonella typhimurium, were transferred to either young-adult or old, syngeneic recipients before or after storage at -196 C. The susceptibility of recipient mice was then determined by challenging them at increasing time intervals after reconstitution with lethal doses of the virulent organisms. The findings, although preliminary in nature, demonstrate that (i) immunological rejuvenation of mice is possible with immunocompetent cells from specifically immunized donors; (ii) prolonged "takes" of these cells can occur even in nonirradiated recipient mice, and (iii) storage at -196 C does not impair their protective capacity.


Immunogenicity of the common enterobacterial antigen produced by smooth and rough strains. Enterobacteriaceae share a common antigen (CA). This antigen exists as a powerful immunogen, when produced by Escherichia coli O14, and as a minimally effective immunogen, when present in cultures of most other smooth strains. The present study was directed toward the assessment of immunogenicity of this antigen produced by various rough mutants and their parent strains as well as that of viable and nonviable bacterial suspensions. Rabbits were immunized intravenously, and the passive hemagglutination test was used for the quantitation of CA antibodies. The following results were obtained. (i) Immunization of rabbits with viable or heat-killed (1 hr, 100 C) suspensions of smooth parent strains resulted in only slight or insignificant antibody production. Of seven additional smooth strains of Enterobacteriaceae tested, none induced CA antibodies upon immunization with killed (1 hr, 100 C) suspensions, and only two engendered antibodies in moderate titers when viable suspensions were used, possibly due to the presence of undetected R mutant cells. (ii) In contrast, administration of viable suspensions of the corresponding mutant strains, regardless of core types, including E. coli R1, R2, R3, and Salmonella Ra types, caused a significant antibody response. (iii) The immunogenicity of R mutants differed strikingly, inasmuch as mutants with the R1 core [E. coli O8(-):K27(-)(R) and Shigella boydii type 3(-)(R)] engendered CA antibodies when heated suspensions were administered, in contrast to heated suspensions of mutants with the R2, R3, and Ra cores. (iv) Viability per se is not an abolute requirement for immunogenicity of R2 mutants, since CA antibodies were engendered by suspensions killed at 60 C or by merthiolate or formaldehyde. (v) Ethanol fractionation revealed that immunogenic CA of the R1 mutant is ethanol-insoluble and that of the parental smooth strain is ethanol-soluble; thus, CA of R1 mutants resembles that of E. coli O14 in both immunogenicity and ethanol insolubility.


Role of a protease in natural activation of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. All tested proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type A, B, and F strains and certain non-proteolytic B and F cultures produced a protease having trypsin-like substrate specificity; none of the tested type E (non-proteolytic) strains produced the enzyme. Progenitor toxin (toxic form whose specific toxicity is increased by treatment with trypsin) was found in culture fluid concentrates of all strains not producing the protease; it was also present in some concentrates that had the enzyme. Activation of highly purified type E progenitor toxin (molecular weight 150,000) by essentially pure protease from a proteolytic type B culture was always less than that obtained with trypsin. The product of the type E progenitor toxin-protease reaction increased in toxicity when further treated with trypsin. Results suggest that at least two bonds are cleaved by trypsin during activation of type E progenitor toxin to toxin (form manifesting maximal possible specific toxicity). Natural activation of progenitor toxin of proteolytic strains may also involve cleavage of more than one bond.


Cells producing low-molecular-weight antibody to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. CD-1 mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), developed splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) producing low-molecular-weight antibody; these cells were detected by means of purified rabbit antisera to mouse gamma(1), gamma(2a), and gamma(2b) immunoglobulins. In contrast to SRBC, the primary gamma(1) response to LPS was absent and gamma(2a) and gamma(2b) PFC were detected irregularly. Both immunogens elicited a secondary cellular response in all three subclasses without a corresponding increase in "direct" or gamma(M) PFC. An increase in serum bactericidal antibody following a second injection of LPS was not parallelled by an increase in splenic gamma(M) PFC; it might therefore involve the synthesis of gamma(2) complement-fixing antibody.


Cytotoxic antibody response to tumors induced in adult and newborn rabbits by fibroma virus. Cells cultured from tumors induced in rabbits by inoculation of fibroma virus possessed virus-specific cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens. Tumor cell cultures were capable of a limited number of cell divisions before degenerating. Employing the (51)Cr-release test and the microcytotoxicity test, it was demonstrated that sera from rabbits with regressed fibroma tumors contained antibodies cytotoxic for cells infected in culture with fibroma virus. These sera were only weakly cytotoxic for cultured fibroma tumor cells. In addition, newborn rabbits bearing progressively growing tumors had serum antibodies cytotoxic for cells infected with fibroma virus in culture but not for fibroma tumor cells. Immunofluorescence studies also showed that the reaction of immune serum with the surface antigens of fibroma tumor cells was markedly weaker than with the surface antigens of cells infected with virus in culture. Furthermore, membrane cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence reaction were significantly reduced when cells were tested after prolonged incubation or cell division, or both, following infection with fibroma virus. The failure of tumors to regress in newborn rabbits in spite of the presence of cytotoxic antibodies is discussed in respect to a possible reduction or alteration of virus-specific surface antigens on proliferating tumor cells.


Ultrastructural comparison of spindle A, spindle B, and epithelioid-type cells in uveal malignant melanoma.


Biological and chemical characterization of toxic substances from Candida albicans. Whole cells, morphological components, and various extracts of Candida albicans were tested for toxicity by methods involving biological activities ordinarily used to characterize bacterial endotoxin. Fungal preparations exerted several of these activities, but only at much higher dose levels than those required for bacterial products. Both fungal cell walls and intact cells were pyrogenic in rabbits and lethal to actinomycin D-treated mice, but only the former were also lethal to chicken embryos; neither coagulated a hemolysate of horseshoe crabs. Wallfree fungal protoplasm was minimally pyrogenic but negative in the other assays. Bacterial endotoxin was strongly active in all four systems. The toxicity of fungous cell walls was undiminished after exposure to strong alkali, a treatment which destroyed bacterial endotoxin. Extracts obtained with hot phenol-water or potassium hydroxide killed mice but were nonpyrogenic. A defatted and enzyme-digested ethylenediamine extract was both lethal and pyrogenic. Particulate fungal materials but not bacterial endotoxin induced a granulomatous response in prepared mice. These data indicate that contaminating bacterial endotoxin was not responsible for the biological effects of fungal products and suggest that C. albicans may contain at least two different toxic components. Chemical analyses were performed on soluble fractions, but a role in toxicity could not be assigned to any identified component.


Tetrahydrotriamcinolone and triamcinolone. II. Effect on xenograft reaction in rabbits.


Quantitative ultrastructure of capillaries in the rat retina.


Ivor Griffith as research director.

Ivor Griffith as research director.


Control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian tissues. V. Regulation of glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase: activation by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate and inhibition by uridine triphosphate.


Spectral and regulatory properties of biodegradative threonine deaminase.


Inhibition of the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli by zinc ions.


"Up-promoter" mutations of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli.


Isolation and characterization of   DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Local destabilization of DNA during transcription.


Size and shape of 5 S ribosomal RNA.

Size and shape of 5 S ribosomal RNA.


Irving Glickman, B.S., D.M.D., F.A.C.D., F.I.C.D. 1914-1972.


An electron microscopic investigation of the polymerization of bovine fibrin monomer.


The measurement of gingival fluid.

The measurement of gingival fluid.


Calculus inhibition in humans.

Calculus inhibition in humans.


Gross and histologic evaluation of an autogenous bone graft 57 months postoperatively.


Elective operations for duodenal ulcer.

Elective operations for duodenal ulcer.


Rectal biopsy in inflammatory bowel disease.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 52-1972.


Anterior pituitary--six glands and one.

Anterior pituitary--six glands and one.


Nuclear genes code mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


Evolution of ribonuclease in relation to polypeptide folding mechanisms.


Holography without fringes in the electron microscope.


Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in brain explains the anti-pyretic activity of paracetamol (4-acetamidophenol).


Lactation following therapeutic abortion with prostaglandin F 2  .


Loss of genes coding for ribosomal RNA in ageing brain cells.


An EEG experiment aimed toward identifying dyslexic children.


Mutagenicity of dichlorvos.

Mutagenicity of dichlorvos.


A re-evaluation of  131 I thyroid uptakes.


Pulmonary venous air embolism in hyaline membrane disease.


Neonatal systemic candidiasis and arthritis.


John W. Smythe, Jr., M.D. 1915-1972.

John W. Smythe, Jr., M.D. 1915-1972.


Samuel Morchan, M.D. 1912-1972.

Samuel Morchan, M.D. 1912-1972.


A capillary-tube agglutination test for the detection and titration of Theileria parva and Theileria mutans antibodies in bovine serum.


The identification of Mortierella wolfii isolated from cases of abortion and pneumonia in cattle and a search for its infection source.


The indirect fluorescent antibody test for experimental East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection of cattle). Evaluation of a cell culture schizont antigen.


A technique for chronic catheterization of the sheep abomasum.


L-dopa metabolism in man (with special reference to parkinsonism).


Statistics and epidemiology.

Statistics and epidemiology.


Haemostatic functions of platelets and their disorders.


Cellular abnormalities in the brain in chronic liver disease.


Some fresh observations on calcium and phosphate metabolism in chronic renal failure.


Porphyria and photosensitivity.

Porphyria and photosensitivity.


Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.


Interaction of cardiovascular reflexes.

Interaction of cardiovascular reflexes.


Epidermoid carcinoma in a cutis graft after repair of an incisional hernia.


Time patterns of alveolar carbon dioxide and oxygen: the effects of various patterns of oscillations on breathing in man.


The significance of blood levels of drugs.


Omental protection of intestinal anastomoses.


Storage and secretion of hormones.

Storage and secretion of hormones.


Classic pages in Obstetrics and Gynecology.


Consultants for the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. September 1, 1971 to August 31, 1972.


Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section: a double-blind study.


Pornography: review and bibliographic annotations.


Complications of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula.


The recognition and incidence of splenic artery aneurysms. A historical review.


Biosynthesis of RNA in two nuclear classes separated from rat cerebral cortex.


Thermal dilution measurement of pulmonary and systemic blood flow in secundum atrial septal defect, and transposition of great arteries with intact interventricular septum.


Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky. September 15, 1914-May 30, 1972.


Tolbutamide. Therapeutic trials and clinical practice. These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs. David W. Martin, Jr., Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Kenneth A. Woeber, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr. Lloyd H. Smith, Jr., Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Ca. 94122.


Current concepts in the management of carcinoma of the prostate gland.


Diseases of the pericardium.

Diseases of the pericardium.


The pathology of atrioventricular block.


Aneurysms of the left ventricle.

Aneurysms of the left ventricle.


Congenital causes of pulmonary venous obstruction.


Congenital obstructive malformations of the aortic arch.


Cardiomyopathies.

Cardiomyopathies.


Coronary atheromatous disease-clinical pathological correlations.


Left ventricular failure in infancy.

Left ventricular failure in infancy.


Cardiovascular disease following trauma.


Nonatheromatous diseases of the coronary arteries.


Idiopathic thrombocytopenia after treatment with steroids and immunosuppressives.


Pivampicillin chloride in the treatment of urinary tract infection in a medical department.


Antimicrobial activity of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde-N'-methyl-N-piperazino-acethydrazone, a new hydrosoluble nitrofuran derivative. Studies on in vivo chemotherapeutic activity.


Charles K. Friedberg, M.D.

Charles K. Friedberg, M.D.


Humoral antibody, plaque, and rosette formation in mice treated with thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol.


Coronary angiography. Its role in the management of the patient with angina pectoris.


Experimental Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection of the bovine. Two groups of four dairy cows (Bos taurus) were infected subcutaneously with the epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) strains MF-8 and San Pelayo, respectively. Animals experienced no clinical illness, but all developed significant neutropenia. Virus was recovered once each from the blood of three animals but did not exceed 10(2.2) SMICLD(50) (Suckling mouse intracerebral lethal dose(50))/ml. Specific neutralizing antibodies appeared in the serum of all animals, but there were no significant differences in titers against different naturally occurring VEE subtypes. Dairy cattle thus appear to play no role in virus transmission during VEE epizootics but may serve as retrospective immunological sentinels of virus activity.


Field studies of an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83). A series of field studies using strain TC-83 attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine in horses was made to determine the rate of seroconversions, the postvaccination viremia, and the possibility of adverse reactions to the vaccine. The rate of seroconversions varied from 50% in one study to 91 and 100% in two others. The highest level of viremia measured was 7 x 10(3) to 8 x 10(3) plaqueforming units per ml. No adverse reactions to the vaccine were observed in any horses, including 42 pregnant mares and their resulting foals.


Prolonged stationary-phase growth of T-strain mycoplasmas in broth culture. Growth of T-strain mycoplasmas in standard broth cultures has been characterized by rapid growth to peak titers of 10(6) to 10(7) color change units/ml at 20 to 24 hr, followed by a sharp decline in the viability over the next few hours. In a vacuum-flow (V-F) system utilizing negative pressure equal to 10 cm of water and air flow on the surface of broth, T strains were seen to enter the stationary phase of growth after 24 hr, and viability titers after 72 hr were >/= 10(4) color change units/ml. Maintenance of organisms in the stationary phase required both vacuum and air flow, a medium depth of 1 mm, and 1% urea in the broth. Concentration of ammonia in broth cultures under V-F remained below 200 mug/ml during 72 hr of observation. Ammonia levels in standard broth cultures exceeded 200 mug/ml after 24 hr, coincident with the decline in viability. Air passed over the medium surface in the V-F system contained large amounts of ammonia; the amount increased during each succeeding 24-hr period of observation.


Effect of an interferon stimulator, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, on experimental fungus infections. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE ADMINISTRATION OF AN INTERFERON STIMULATOR, POLYINOSINIC: polycytidylic acid (In:Cn), increased the severity of both experimental Candida albicans and Coccidioides immitis infections in mice, as evidenced by earlier time of death and higher final mortality. In addition, kidney tissue levels of C. albicans at 3 and 5 days after infection were found to be about 40- to 300-fold higher in In:Cn treated mice than in control mice. Experimental Cryptococcus neoformans infection, however, was not significantly affected by In:Cn treatment.


Ultrastructural changes in cells of the mouse footpad infected with Mycobacterium leprae. Ultrastructural changes in cells of the mouse footpad are described which occurred during the log phase of multiplication, the plateau, and the stationary phase of growth of Mycobacterium leprae.BALB/c mice were inoculated in the right hind footpad with 5 x 10(3) organisms and sacrificed in pairs at 86 to 173 days after inoculation. Tissue samples were prepared for electron microscopy by standard techniques. During the early growth phase of M. leprae in the mouse footpad, few organisms can be detected. Those present are in macrophages and are bound by a single membrane. The cytoplasm of the macrophage is less dense around the organism. There are few lysosomes, and the bacteria do not appear to be degenerating. At the peak of the growth phase, the organisms within a macrophage are bound by either a single or double membrane. There is an increased number of vacuoles, which are also bound by a double membrane, and lysosomes. During the stationary phase, most of the macrophages have taken on a vacuolar appearance and contain lysosomes. The vacuoles are bound by a double membrane, as are most of the organisms within the macrophage. Many of these organisms appear to be degenerating. Occasionally, organisms are encountered in the sarcoplasm of striated muscle. They are usually bound by a single membrane and do not appear to be degenerating.


Inhibition of  3 H-uridine uptake in mouse macrophages infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. In mouse macrophages cultivated in vitro and infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium, (3)H-uridine uptake was comparable to that in uninfected controls when cells were labeled immediately after infection but was markedly inhibited 2 to 3 hr later.


Use of specifically labeled sucrose for comparison of extracellular glucan and fructan metabolism by oral streptococci. Sucrose labeled in the fructosyl ((3)H) and glucosyl ((14)C) moieties was used to quantitate extracellular polysaccharide production and degradation by cariogenic and noncariogenic oral streptococci. All of the strains produced glucan and fructan. Streptococcus salivarius produced primarily fructan, whereas S. mutans and S. sanguis produced more glucan than fructan. The cariogenic streptococci could degrade the fructan produced by noncariogenic strains. Although the soluble glucans from all of the strains were sensitive to dextranase, the insoluble glucan from S. mutans could be distinguished from the S. sanguis insoluble glucan by its greater resistance to this enzyme.


Immunochemical parameters of some commercial conjugates for the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test. Fluorescein-labeled anti-human globulins were examined to determine the need for standardization of conjugates used in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. Twenty-one of 33 conjugates submitted by commercial manufacturers to the Reagents Control Activity, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, for evaluation in the FTA-ABS test were available for study. Conjugates, after evaluation in FTA-ABS performance tests, were examined by immunoelectrophoresis, by titration against immunoglobulins G and M (IgG, IgM) with FTA-ABS techniques, and by the biuret protein and fluorescein diacetate methods for determining fluorescein to protein (F/P) ratios. The conjugates were predominately anti-IgG globulin with anti-light-chain activity. Differences were noted in the ability of some conjugates to detect IgM antibody. The F/P ratios of those conjugates that could be determined varied from 2.6 to 17.8 mug of fluorescein per mg of protein. The need to identify and standardize both the immunologic capabilities and the optimum F/P ratio for FTA-ABS test conjugates is presented.


Cytoplasmic antigens from Nocardia elicting a specific delayed hypersensitivity. Purified cytoplasmic extracts from Nocardia asteroides and N. brasiliensis elicit delayed hypersensitivity in Nocardia-sensitized guinea pigs. The differences in skin reactivity clearly show that it is possible to distinguish between different Nocardia species. When peritoneal exudate cells from the latter animals were obtained and treated with the purified cytoplasmic extracts, their migration was inhibited to a significant degree only by means of the homologous antigen. A mild delayed reactivity was observed when the cytoplasmic antigens were used as skin test materials on animals sensitized with BCG. On the other hand, no inhibition of migration was observed when peritoneal exudate cells from BCG-sensitized guinea pigs were exposed to the cytoplasmic antigens.


Immunological unresponsiveness induced by cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide assayed by the hemolytic plaque technique. Numerous studies have suggested that cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide could induce an immunological paralysis. To investigate this possibility, mice were given various concentrations of purified cryptococcal polysaccharide and then 14 days later were challenge-immunized with the same material in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Anticryptococcal agglutinin titers were determined at various periods after polysaccharide treatment and after challenge immunization. At the same periods the hemolytic plaque technique was used to determine the number of spleen cells capable of producing antibody against cryptococcal polysaccharide. The data indicated that there was a transitory immune response which preceded tolerance induction. In animals given the largest doses of polysaccharide, "in vivo" neutralization was responsible for low serum agglutinin titers during the transitory response. The capsular polysaccharide was considered to have induced immunological unresponsiveness at the highest concentration, because challenge immunization did not stimulate an increase in the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC). A sixfold increase in numbers of PFC was found in animals injected initially with the lowest concentration of polysaccharide. These results support the idea that tolerance was due to terminal differentiation without proliferation of the immunocompetent cells. The central failure of the immune mechanism which was apparent in the paralyzed mice was temporary under the conditions of this experiment.


Alteration in antibody response induced by carbon inhalation: a model system. The immune response in mice to antigens given by intraperitoneal, intravenous, and inhalation routes was compared in control and carbon-dust exposed mice. The most pronounced effect, a decrease in antibody-forming cells and serum agglutinin titers, was observed when the carbon-treated animals were immunized with antigens in the form of aerosol. Similar results were obtained when the antigens were administered by intravenous or intraperitoneal route. In contrast 4-days of pre-exposure to carbon dust increased the number of antibody-forming cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes. However, this effect was transient and was not significant when the carbon pre-exposure was continued for 15 days.


Cryoprotein produced by Clostridium botulinum type G. Strain 89 of Clostridium botulinum type G produces a protein which behaves as a cryoprotein.


Ribosomal vaccines. I. Immunogenicity of ribosomal fractions isolated from Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia pestis. The immunogenicity of ribosomes and ribosomal subfractions isolated from Yersina pestis and Salmonella typhimurium has been studied. Ribosomes and ribosomal protein isolated from S. typhimurium protected mice against lethal challenge. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid isolated by phenol extraction failed to induce any significant level of protection in mice. None of the ribosomes or ribosomal subfractions isolated from Y. pestis were effective in inducing immunity to lethal challenge. These results suggest that the immunogen of the ribosomal vaccine is protein.


Effect of vitamin E on the immune response of hypoxic and normal chickens. Chicks and hens raised on a diet enriched with 60 mg of vitamin E per lb. of feed had a significantly increased immune response as measured by the antibody plaque-forming cell test or by hemagglutination. Since the effect was much greater on hypoxic (simulated altitude exposed) chicks, a synergistic effect between hypoxia and vitamin E may be suggested.


Cellular autoradiography of  3 H-LSD in brain,  3 H-thymidine in intestine, WR-2529- 14 C in bone utilizing dry mounted, frozen, freeze-dried sections.


Autoradiographic studies on the mode of growth in jejunal crypt cells of the mouse.


Possible reproductive detriment in LSD users.


An evaluation of various double labelling and autoradiographic techniques for the measurement of DNA synthesis time in leukaemic cells.


Lithocholic acid, cholestasis, and liver disease.


Anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections.

Anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections.


Constitutional hepatic dysfunction (CHD; Gilbert's disease); a review with special reference to a characteristic increase and prolongation of the hyperbilirubinemic response to nicotinic acid.


Atypical meningomyelocele.

Atypical meningomyelocele.


Experimental induction of benign mesenchymal jaw tumours.


New systems to monitor drug interactions and to separate cells.


Autonomic nervous control of reproduction: circulatory and other factors.


Counselling against cigarette smoking. A controlled study from a general practice.


A long-acting amitriptyline preparation.


The Tropical Diseases Bulletin 1912-1972.


Discordant identical twins. V. Neural tube defects.


Common poisonings.

Common poisonings.


Host defense mechanisms against infection.


Infections in obstetrics and gynecology. New developments in treatment.


Fractures and dislocations of the carpus.


Infection and renal transplantation.

Infection and renal transplantation.


Purification of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. Improved growth conditions for the bacteria, modified methods of preparation of the enzyme.


Isoelectric fractionation of the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase and resolution of the purified enzyme into isoenzymes.


Reversible dissociation of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase at high pH values.


Contraceptive pills and day-by-day feelings of well-being.


Fetography.

Fetography.


Vaginal hysterectomy following conization in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the cervix.


Paracervical block analgesia during labor.


Six decades of service. The Tropical Diseases Bulletin 1912--1972.


Predicting neonatal infections by evaluation of the gastric aspirate: a study in two hundred and seven patients.


Quinine infusion for recrudescences of falciparum malaria in Vietnam: a controlled study.


Effects of minocycline against chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria.


Malariometric indices and hemoglobin type.


Review of current epidemiological literature on viruses of the California arbovirus group.


Response of yeast pyruvate carboxylase to the adenylate energy charge and other regulatory parameters.


-Keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. 18. Subunit composition of the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.


The change in optical activity of amino acid-specific Escherichia coli transfer RNA containing 4-thiouridylate by chemical modifications.


Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli: alteration of allosteric properties by photooxidation.


Methanol-fixed paraffin-embedded bovine and human epidermis for antinuclear antibodies.


Photoallergy. A review.

Photoallergy. A review.


Effects of polyions on Japanese encephalitis virus: difference in interaction of virus with DEAE dextran and dextran sulfate between PS cell adapted and non-adapted virus.


The localization of African swine fever virus in the tick Ornithodoros moubata porcinus.


Effect of pepsin inhibitor from Ascaris lumbricoides on cathepsin D and E.


Extractability of lysozyme from bovine nasal cartilage.


Myo-inosose-2 reactivation of reduced UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli.


A new piston ventilator for use in respiratory studies.


The present status of vitamin B 12  and folic acid deficiency in psychiatric illness.


Pow Meng Yap (1921-1971).

Pow Meng Yap (1921-1971).


Growth and movement of rings of chemotactic bacteria.


Location and molecular characteristics of fluorescent complexes of ethidium bromide in the cell.


Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: premeiotic DNA synthesis, readiness and commitment.


Arterial pH and distribution of barbiturates between pulmonary tissue and blood.


An indicator-dilution technique for study of blood-to-brain solute passage in the rat.


In memoriam Dr. C. L. Mukherjee, M.O., F.R.C.O.G., PH.D.


Fused pyrimidines as potential antimicrobic agents.


On the structure of the folded chromosome of Escherichia coli.


Substrate specificity of pyridoxine dehydrogenase from yeast, and the synthesis and biological activities of 5-vinyl and 5-ethynyl analogs of pyridoxol.


Internal deletions in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli.


Comparative small-angle x-ray scattering studies on unacylated, acylated and cross-linked Escherichia coli transfer RNA I  Val .


Studies on the bacteriophage MS2. XVI. The termination signal of the A protein cistron.


Magnesium dependence and equilibrium of the Escherichia coli ribosomal subunit association.


Thymine-guanine base pairing during transcription of polydeoxypyrimidines in vitro.


Demonstration of a highly exposed region in Escherichia coli 5 s RNA by partial hydrolysis with ribonuclease IV and sheep kidney nuclease.


Thiobases in 5-fluorouracil-containing transfer RNA from Escherichia coli.


Replication of bacteriophage phichi174 replicative form DNA in vivo.


Generalized transduction by phage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. I. Molecular origin of transducing DNA.


Generalized transduction by bacteriophage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Mechanism of integration of transducing DNA.


Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among plasmids of Escherichia coli. I. Structure of F-prime factors.


One-stage bilateral allotransplantation of canine lungs; further studies. Early rejection and prolonged survival with immunosuppression.


Pulmonary aspergillosis.

Pulmonary aspergillosis.


Serial observations on immunologically matched lung allografts.


The application of computers to functional radionuclide scanning.


Influence of colostral antibodies to the infection with avirulent Teschen disease virus (Z strain).


A pigment-producing dermatophyte difficult to classify as Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton violaceum isolated from cases of tinea cruris and tinea corporis in Egypt.


A simple monospore selector.

A simple monospore selector.


Poly A synthesizing activity in a constitutive subunit of RNA polymerase.


ATP hydrolysis by restriction endonuclease from E. coli K.


Isolation and characterization of poly A polymerase from cell debris of E. coli.


Evidence for a further dark repair process in bacteria.


A postal gallery of nursing art.

A postal gallery of nursing art.


Malaise of Margery Kempe.

Malaise of Margery Kempe.


Current and developing aspects in management of scoliosis.


Thomas Jefferson 1743 to 1826. Thoughts on medicine, child care and welfare.


The serological diagnosis of treponemal infection.


Doxycycline: studies in normal subjects and patients with renal failure.


Charlton Morpeth Greig.

Charlton Morpeth Greig.


Murray John Stanton.

Murray John Stanton.


Benjamin David Hart.

Benjamin David Hart.


Biswa Nath Mandal.

Biswa Nath Mandal.


William Guildford Todd.

William Guildford Todd.


Henry Mayall Budd.

Henry Mayall Budd.


A new suture retention bridge.

A new suture retention bridge.


A recombination gradient in bacteriophage T4 gene 34.


The process of infection with coliphage 17. VI. A phage gene controlling shutoff of host RNA synthesis.


Gene A of  X174. 1. Isolation and identification of its products.


Increase of wound tumor virus in leafhoppers as assayed on vector cell monolayers.


An RNA polymerase mutant of Escherichia coli defective in the T4 viral transcription program.


Inhibition of M13 phage synthesis by rifampicin in some rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli mutants.


Prevention of the lethality of induced lambda prophage by an isogenic lambda plasmid.


X-ray inactivation of bacteriophages: role of O 2 -dependent damage in single- and double-strand DNA phages.


Demonstration of an adenovirus-inhibitory factor in adenovirus-induced hamster tumor cells.


Location of the prophage conversion gene of P22.


Membrane protein synthesis after infection of Escherichia coli B with phage T4: the rIIB protein.


The specificity of lamboid phage late gene induction (lamboid phage late gene specificity).


Sir William Osler and Chevalier Jackson.


Airway obstruction due to vocal cord paralysis in infants with hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele.


Hematologic problems in otolaryngology.

Hematologic problems in otolaryngology.


The preservation of the rat heart in the frozen state.


In vitro analysis of the cation content of solutions for kidney storage.


In-vitro activity of hamycin with reference to its in-vivo effect in treatment of systemic mycosis.


Compatibility of different fungicides with Rhizobium japonicum.


Different antibody responses to sheep and chicken red blood cells in mice.


The reactivity of murine lymphocytes to epidermal cells.


Effect of hydrocortisone on the reactivity of thymus and spleen cells of mice to in vitro stimulation.


Microbicidal activity of peroxidaseless chicken heterophile leukocytes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of the domestic chicken lack myeloperoxidase and, therefore, may be useful for studies of myeloperoxidase-independent antimicrobial mechanisms. Before such studies were undertaken, it was important to investigate the antimicrobial capacity of these cells against species of opportunistic pathogens that cause infection in humans with defective PMN function. In vitro, chicken PMN, like normal human PMN, readily phagocytized and killed Staphylococcus albus. They also killed Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Cytochemical methods confirmed the absence of myeloperoxidase from chicken PMN.


Purification of immunogenically active ribonucleic acid preparations of Salmonella typhimurium: molecular-sieve and anion-exchange chromatography. Immunogenic Salmonella typhimurium ribonucleic acid (RNA) preparations, prepared by differential centrifugation, phenol extraction at 65 C, and ethanol precipitation from 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, maintained their immunogenicity through lyophilization. As measured by survival, differential pathogen counts 5 days postchallenge, or clearance of the infecting organism from the tissues, immunization with 50 mug (dry weight) of the lyophilized preparation proved as effective as immunization with 0.1 LD(50) of attenuated S. typhimurium cells. Chromatography of the immunogenic fraction through Biogel P-6 (exclusion limit > 4,600) or through Biogel P-300 (exclusion limit > 300,000) resulted in only one immunogenically active protein of the eluate found in the void volume of the columns. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose anion-exchange chromatography of the RNA preparations showed that the immunogenic activity was eluted from the column at 0.8 to 1.0 m NaCl in a linear 0.1 to 2.0 m NaCl gradient. Nonimmunogenic, protein-containing minor peaks were eluted at 0.1 to 0.5 m NaCl. Serial fractionation of the crude RNA preparations over Biogel P-6 to DEAE cellulose to Biogel P-300 molecular-sieve or anion-exchange columns did not alter the immunogenicity of the RNA preparation. Incorporation of the column fractions into Freund's incomplete adjuvant did not increase their relative effectiveness in eliciting anti-salmonella resistance. Chemical analysis of the immunogenic preparations indicated that they were lacking in detectable protein, lipid, and deoxyribonucleic acid. These results suggest that the immunogenic moiety of the crude nucleic acid fraction is either RNA or an as yet undefined polysaccharide of greater than 300,000 molecular weight.


Enteric immunization with live adenovirus type 21 vaccine. I. Tests for safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and potency in volunteers. Studies were undertaken in volunteers to determine whether living adenovirus type 21 (ADV-21) vaccine could be safely administered orally to susceptible young adults. In the first study, ten volunteers were fed 10(6.4) tissue culture infectious dose(50) (TCID(50)) of ADV-21 vaccine virus, and five received placebo tablets. Nine of ten infected volunteers shed ADV-21 in stools (mean duration, 10.1 days; range, 4 to 17 days). No pharyngeal excretion of ADV-21 was observed in any of these volunteers. Each of the nine developed type-specific neutralizing (N) antibodies to ADV-21. No evidence for person-to-person transmission of vaccine was observed. In a second study, volunteers were immunized with ADV-21 vaccines containing 10(6.8), 10(4.6), and 10(2.4) TCID(50). ADV-21 N antibody responses were detected in nine of eleven who received the highest dose, six of twelve who received the middle dose, and two of twelve who were fed the lowest dose. None of twelve susceptible volunteers receiving the placebo capsule developed ADV-21 N antibodies postimmunization. This study established that the human infectious dose(50) for these lots of ADV-21 vaccine was approximately 10(4.6) TCID(50) and that the dose response to ADV-21 vaccine was lower than those previously reported for live ADV-4 and ADV-7 enteric vaccines.


Carbohydrate metabolism and survival of endotoxin-poisoned mice given tryptophan. Severe hypoglycemia and increased deaths were observed among two strains of endotoxin-poisoned mice within 3 to 6 hr after tryptophan injection. Sensitivity to tryptophan could be demonstrated in Rockland Farms mice by 4 hr after endotoxin and in Carworth Farms (CF-1) mice by 10 hr after endotoxin. If allopurinol was given to CF-1 mice concurrently with endotoxin, severe hypoglycemia and increased deaths were observed when tryptophan was given only 4 hr after the bacterial poison. Cyproheptadine, an antiserotonin drug, decreased the number of deaths as well as the depletion of blood glucose in both strains of endotoxin-poisoned mice given a delayed injection of tryptophan. In most instances, liver glycogen was depleted by 8 to 10 hr after endotoxin. Correlation of liver glycogen levels with sensitivity to tryptophan was not as consistent as the correlation between blood glucose levels and hyperreactivity to the amino acid. The data show that severe hypoglycemia is a significant factor which must be considered in resolving the basis for increased deaths among endotoxin-poisoned mice given tryptophan.


Infection-immunity in tularemia: specificity of cellular immunity. The relationship between hypersensitivity and cellular resistance to infection with facultative intracellular parasites was studied in mice by using infection-immunity in tularemia as a model system. Delayed hypersensitivity to antigenic fractions of Francisella tularensis was first detected 6 to 7 days after immunization with viable F. tularensis vaccine, at which time immunity against challenge infection developed. Both immunity and delayed-type sensitivity reached maximal levels by 9 to 10 days. Immediate hypersensitivity occurred after immunization with both viable and nonviable tularemia vaccines but could not be correlated with resistance since nonviable antigens were not protective. Attempts to relate resistance to F. tularensis with nonspecific immunity factors were unsuccessful. Immunization of mice with BCG vaccine stimulated protection against infection with F. novicida and Salmonella typhimurium but provided no protection against infection with F. tularensis. Moreover, viable tularemia vaccine, while inducing marked protection against challenge with specific organisms, afforded no protection against infection with S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis. It is concluded that cellular immunity in tularemia involves an immunologically specific component.


Influence of gonadectomy on Candida albicans urinary tract infection in CFW mice. Candida albicans appeared in the urine of approximately 80% of CFW mice of both sexes within 2 weeks after intraperitoneal inoculation. During a follow-up period of 10 weeks, candiduria tended to clear, but persisted in 37% of males as compared to only 16% in females. Autopsy kidney cultures yielded candida in 53% of males as compared to 25% of females. Urine cultures in both sexes when positive contained 10(3.5) to 10(4.5) candida/ml regardless of the outcome of the infection. Preinoculation gonadectomy in both sexes increased resistance to the infection but did not alter the quantitative aspects of candiduria.


The story of parentectomy.

The story of parentectomy.


Induction of L-variants in human diploid cells infected by group A streptococci. Human diploid cells in culture, infected with a balanced amount of living group A streptococci, were able to survive the infection and could be divided and propagated normally thereafter. The streptococci were rapidly phagocytized by the tissue culture cells. At the beginning, they kept their typical appearance, as well as their ability to fix dyes and group-specific immunoglobulins. After 1 to 2 days, the number of detectable streptococci decreased and they underwent important morphological changes. After some subsequent divisions of the cell line, streptococci persisted in cells only as large, isolated, swollen cocci, and no longer grew on suitable media. After six to eight divisions, a noticeable percentage of the tissue culture cells were very similar in appearance to the same cell line experimentally infected with "stable" L-variants. Cultures on L-phase media of supernatant fraction and cells, made 24 to 48 hr after inoculation, showed typical L-colonies. These grew well on media without antibiotics, as well as on media containing penicillin or vancomycin. They could be propagated on media with penicillin for months and were able to revert to group A streptococci after several subcultures on antibiotic-free media. Controls of uninoculated tissue culture cells never showed the presence of any microorganism. Group A streptococci inoculated into Eagle's basal medium, which was used for the tissue cultures, did not grow and never gave rise to L-colonies, even though the medium contained penicillin. Previous data suggest a biochemical explanation for this conversion, which otherwise is an occasional phenomenon.


Suppression of the intracellular growth of Shigella flexneri in cell cultures by interferon preparations and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. A strain of Shigella flexneri type 2a was found to multiply intracellularly in cultures of the diploid human cell strain FS-1 and in secondary rabbit kidney cells. When inoculated cultures were stained and observed under the light microscope, it appeared that the cytoplasm of infected cells became gradually filled with bacteria. Various preparations of human and rabbit interferon were found to suppress the intracellular bacterial growth in homologous cells. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I.poly C) had a similar inhibitory effect. Rabbit interferon preparations did not cause a significant suppression in human cells. Suppression of the bacterial growth could be demonstrated in two ways: (i) by showing that treatment with either homologous interferon or poly I.poly C reduced the proportion of infected cells determined by counting the total number of cells and the number of cells with 10 or more bacteria in several microscopic fields selected at random, or (ii) by showing that a suppression in (3)H-uridine incorporation by bacteria occurs in infected cultures treated with actinomycin D after incubation with interferon or poly I.poly C. (Uridine incorporation by the bacterium is insensitive to actinomycin D.) Treatment of cells with actinomycin D before incubation with interferon prevented the development of cellular resistance to bacterial infection. Interferon preparations did not have an inhibitory effect on the extracellular growth of S. flexneri in a broth culture. These findings show that the range of activity of the interferon system apparently extends to intracellularly growing bacteria.


Human and animal studies on the interactions between glyphylline and isoprenaline.


Urea amidolyase. The involvement of biotin in urea cleavage.


On the direction of translation of the T4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase gene in vivo.


Effects of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid on the deoxyribonucleic acid template activity of isolated nuclei and soluble chromatin from rat liver.


Incidence of casting failures in fixed prosthodontic preclinical courses.


A binding protein involved in the transport of cystine and diaminopimelic acid in Escherichia coli.


Preliminary observations on the effect of synthetic luteinizing hormone-follicle-stimulating hormone releasing factor on protein synthesis in the anterior pituitary of the rat in vivo.


The effects of a synthetic preparation of gonadotrophin releasing factor on gonadotrophin release from the ovine pituitary in vitro and in vivo.


The Dale Medal 1972. (Euhler US von).

The Dale Medal 1972. (Euhler US von).


The luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone response to synthetic LH releasing factor in man.


Anticonvulsant-induced antinuclear antibodies and lupus-like disease in children.


Improved platelet function following bone marrow transplantation in an infant with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.


Islet cell function and glucose homeostasis in hypopituitary dwarfism: synergism between growth hormone and cortisone.


Significance of transient bacteriuria in screening program for bacteriuria.


Denture modification during adjustment phase of complete denture service.


Influence of pins upon some physical properties of composite resins.


Presurgical maxillary prosthesis: an analysis of speech intelligibility.


History of the American Board of Prosthodontics.


American Board of Prosthodontics.

American Board of Prosthodontics.


Ribonucleotides covalently linked to deoxyribonucleic acid in T4 bacteriophage. Bacteriophage T4 was grown in the presence of labeled uridine. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the phage was shown to contain covalently attached ribonucleotides. The label appears not to be internal in the DNA strands. Presumably, it is at the ends of the DNA strands and this may be related to DNA initiation.


Association of replicative T4 deoxyribonucleic acid and bacterial membranes. Experiments utilizing CsCl density gradient analysis and radioactive labels specific for bacteriophage T4 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and membranes have shown that replicative T4 DNA is associated with host membranes. The association is inhibited by chloramphenicol and takes place just prior to semi-conservative replication of the phage DNA.


Methylation pattern of lambda deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from phage lambda grown on Escherichia coli K-12 strain W4032 had 113 +/- 10 5-methylcytosine residues and 215 +/- 20 6-methyl adenine residues per genome, as determined by three independent methods. These methylated nucleotides were distributed equally among the two strands of lambda DNA. Shearing of double-stranded DNA to half-length fragments revealed a slight deficiency of 5-methyl cytosine in the 55% guanine plus cytosine half. Shearing the DNA to fragments of smaller length showed that the distribution of methylated nucleotides along the double helix was uniform with the exception of an undermethylated fragment arising from the center of the lambda DNA molecule. The implication of these results for the function of methylated nucleotides in the lambda DNA molecule is discussed.


An enterotoxin produced by noncholera vibrios.


Degradation of Escherichia coli chromosome after infection by bacteriophage T4: role of bacteriophage gene D2a. Mutations in the D2a gene of bacteriophage T4 have recently been shown to result in the stabilization of cytosine-containing phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) made after infection by phage gene 56 (deoxycytidine triphosphatase) mutants. In the experiments reported here, we investigate the role of the D2a gene in the degradation of the host chromosome. We find that if T4 endonuclease II, a product of the phage gene denA, is active, host chromosome degradation appears normal, regardless of the presence of the D2a gene product. However, if T4 endonuclease II is absent, a small amount of host chromosome degradation occurs, but only if the D2a product is present. These results are interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that D2a controls a nuclease which degrades cytosine-containing DNA. Neither D2a nor denA mutations affect the shut-off of host DNA synthesis.


William Hunter: lessons to be learned from congenital heart disease.


A modified technique of urethorvesical suspension for urinary stress incontinence.


Dislocations in tobacco mosaic virus.

Dislocations in tobacco mosaic virus.


Further investigations of the transfer of bomb  14 C to man.


Recognition of shapes across modalities by infants.


Corrosion of dental amalgam.

Corrosion of dental amalgam.


Inoculation for smallpox (variolation) as performed in England prior to Jenner's discovery.


Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a review.


Diagnosis of urinary tract infection.

Diagnosis of urinary tract infection.


Dopamine and norepinephrine in noradrenergic axons: a study in vivo of their precursor product relationship by mass fragmentography and radiochemistry.


Characterization and tissue localization of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes.


The application of immunological techniques to the study of enzymes regulating catecholamine synthesis and degradation.


Multiple forms of monoamine oxidase: functional significance.


Influence of specific nutrients on catecholamine synthesis and metabolism.


The secretory cycle in the adrenal medulla.


The versatility of a chondromucosal flap in the nasal vestibule.


Regulation of monoamine metabolism in the central nervous system.


Effective practical steps to avoid complications in face-lifting. Review of 105 consecutive cases.


The classic reprint: experimental study of fractures of the upper jaw. 3. René Le Fort, M.D., Lille, France.


A new method for correction of traumatic footdrop. Case report.


Covering an exposed pacemaker. Case report.


Effect of endotoxin on hemodynamics and norepinephrine metabolism in the dog.


Influence of endotoxin tolerance on detoxification of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin by mouse liver and spleen.


Lysosomal acid hydrolases in primary monolayer cultures derived from neonatal brains exposed transplacentally to ethylnitrosourea.


Reticuloendothelial system depression in man after olive oil ingestion.


Reactivity between herpesvirus type 2-related soluble cervical tumor cell membrane antigens and matched cancer and control sera.


The ablation of sensitization to bone marrow allografts.


The natural history of diabetic renal disease. A follow-up study of a series of renal biopsies.


Metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides in animals and plants.


Soft tissue intensification in frontal roentgenography of the larynx.


Arterial anatomy of the kidney. A three-dimensional angiographic investigation.


The clinician as a scientist. Presidential address.


Estimation of the lean body mass and per cent body fat by the tritiated water dilution technique.


Comparison of transcription of chromatin by calf thymus and E. coli RNA polymerases.


Normal synthesis of aminotransferase protein in a pyridoxineless strain of S. typhimurium.


Function of the nonidentical subunits of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase.


Collagen synthesis by cells II: secretion of a disulfide linked material.


Historical vignettes. Dr. Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1878).


A yeast mitochondrial deoxyribonuclease stimulated by ethidium bromide.


An apparatus for rapid copying and subtraction of radiographs.


Malignant splenic vein obstruction.

Malignant splenic vein obstruction.


Disposable versus reusable rebreathing circuits: advantages, disadvantages, hazards and bacteriologic studies.


Continuous-flow ventilation as an alternative to assisted or controlled ventilation in infants.


Metabolic changes in the islets of Langerhans in relationship to the onset of diabetes mellitus.


Computer analysis of intravenous glucose tolerance tests.


Intramuscular sodium methohexital as a sole pediatric anesthetic-analgesic agent.


Obesity and pancreatic islet hyperplasia in the Mongolian gerbil.


Morphine anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass procedures.


Double-blind evaluation of haloperidol for antiemetic activity.


Characterization of extended sequences around the coat and replicase cistron ribosome binding sites in phage Q  RNA.


Effect of the presence of a pCpCpCpA 3'terminus in Phe-tRNA Phe  yeast  on the interaction with elongation factors and with the poly U-ribosome system.


The isolation and properties of reticulocyte soluble 5 S RNA.


The effects of streptomycin and tetracycline on codon-anticodon interactions.


An amino acid sequence in the active site of lipoamide dehydrogenase from the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of E. coli (Crookes strain).


Complementary timer binding to transfer-RNA Val  1 .


Protection of lyophilized E. coli from oxygen by colicin E1 treatment.


Protein synthesis and formation of guanosinetetraphosphate.


The action of O-methyl-threonine and thiaisoleucine on threonine deaminase purified from Escherichia coli K-12.


3 H-labelling of a synthetic decapeptide having LH and FSH releasing activity (LH-RH--FSH-RH).


Twenty years of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences: growth rate factors of a scientific institution.


Formation of denatured DNA after x-irradiation of double-helical DNA solutions (DN-ase I degestion, hydroxyapatite chromatography, sucrose density gradient).


Cellular haemolysin response of chickens bursectomized as embryos (plaque-forming cells-IgG response).


An estimate of the degree of heterozygosity at histocompatibility loci in wild populations of house mouse (Mus musculus) (variation with locality, variation with female origin, variation due to sex).


An improved technique of arranging cells cultured in vitro for collision analysis (contact inhibition of movement, cinemicrography).


The diagnosis of drowning. A review.

The diagnosis of drowning. A review.


Drowning: its chemical diagnosis. A review.


Medicolegal contributions of historical interest. The action of carbonic oxide on man.


Adherence inhibition of Streptococcus mutans: an assay reflecting a possible role of antibody in dental caries prophylaxis. Adherence of cariogenic streptococci to the smooth surfaces of teeth has been shown to lead to plaque formation and ultimately to caries production. This adherence can be reproduced in vitro and requires sucrose in the growth media. The work reported here describes the development of an assay based on the ability of immune rabbit serum to inhibit adherence of Streptococcus mutans 6715 to glass surfaces. Rabbits were immunized with Formalin-killed whole bacteria. Sera were titered for adherence inhibition and bacterial agglutination. The former assay was found to be dependent upon immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, whereas the latter detected either IgG or IgM antibodies. These two assays appeared to detect different antigens. It was hypothesized that the adherence inhibition assay detects antibody directed against an enzyme, perhaps dextransucrase, responsible for dextran synthesis, since immune serum was found to inhibit incorporation of radiolabel from (14)C-sucrose into cell wall extract. The adherence inhibition assay has potential application for study of other cariogenic bacteria. Studies are being pursued in the hope that this assay may lead to a means of control of dental caries.