The fine structure of freeze-fractured blood platelets. The present study has examined the fine structure of freeze-fractured human platelets. Advances in methods used for cell preparation and freezing, together with better instrumentation, have resulted in improved preservation of platelet ultrastructure. Aspects of surface membrane topography and the number, depth of penetration, tortuosity and fenestration of channels belonging to the open canalicular system were revealed in a manner which cannot be fully appreciated in sections of platelets. Elements of the dense tubular system of channels and masses of glycogen were identified in the platelet replicas. The technic may provide an important approach for defining the structural physiology and pathology of blood platelets.


The participation of the platelet in the vascular response to endotoxemia in the rabbit eye. Platelet depletion by a specific goat antirabbit platelet antiserum profoundly affected the response of the ocular blood vessels to intravenous endotoxin. The altered permeability of the vessels of the iridial portion of the ciliary processes in the thrombocytopenic animals was reduced by 50% at 1(1/2) hours and by 30 to 58% at 4 hours after endotoxin administration. Intravascular fibrin at the 4-hour period could be eliminated by a properly timed platelet depletion. By preventing platelet aggregations and fibrin formation, the permeability alteration could be reduced by 66% and the usual stromal hemorrhages practically eliminated. Underlying these effects of the platelet was evidence of a vascular trauma unrelated to platelet activity and probably dependent to some extent on adrenergic stimulation. Platelet aggregation and/or fibrin formation had to be superimposed on the underlying vascular trauma to produce endothelial denudation.


Historical highlights of hyperparathyroidism.


An experimental model for neonatal intestinal atresia.


Nutrition, environment, and behavioral development.


Thermal control in premature infants.

Thermal control in premature infants.


Immunity to neuroblastomas and melanomas.


Surgical procedures for coronary artery disease.


Choice of operations in the management of symptomatic sliding hiatal hernia.


Acute gastric mucosal bleeding.

Acute gastric mucosal bleeding.


Hemodialysis in the management of renal disease.


Renin assay in hypertensive disease.

Renin assay in hypertensive disease.


Adopted children and their families in the evaluation of nature-nurture interactions in the schizophrenic disorders.


Learned helplessness.

Learned helplessness.


Chemical mutagens.

Chemical mutagens.


Lithium salts in the management of the manic-depressive syndrome.


Echinococcosis in northern Scandinavia. Immune reactions to Echinococcus granulosus in Kautokeino Lapps.


Some interesting dermatological records of the early twentieth century.


Effects of oral contraceptive agents and sex steroids on carbohydrate metabolism. The article offers a general interpretation of the influence of oral contraceptive agents on glucose tolerance, emphasizing comparisons of synthetic sex hormones.  Although there are conflicting reports on steroid-induced diabetes in normal women, their glucose curves are often higher when under oral contraceptive treatment, suggesting that oral contraceptives may induce a form of subclinical diabetes  melitus that is reversible.  Evidence from diabetic women suggests definite deliterious effects from contraceptive administration.  Estradiol, estriol, and estrone may improve glucose tolerance in nondiabetic women and reduce insulin requirements in diabetics.  Progesterone has little effect on carbohydrate tolerance, as did synthetic progestin.  Conjugated equine estrogens (equilenine or Premarin) may provoke mild to moderate deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance.  Parenterally administered natural estrogens and orally administered synthetic derivatives appear to differ sharply in their effects.  Sex hormones' effects on carbohydrate metabolism likely involve interactions with insulin and endogenous glucocorticoids.


Retinoic acid for psoriasis.

Retinoic acid for psoriasis.


Obituary. William Herbert Ward.

Obituary. William Herbert Ward.


The postnatal development of the rabbit liver.


Lionel Sharples Penrose.

Lionel Sharples Penrose.


Retardation in the outgrowth of dysmature rat cerebellum cultivated in vitro.


Stereotaxis of the spinal cord.

Stereotaxis of the spinal cord.


New apparatus for spinal cord stereotaxis and its use in the microsurgery of lumbar enlargement.


Myoclonic disease of Ramsey-Hunt treated by transtentorial bilateral dentatotomy from the right side.


Experiences with dentatotomy.

Experiences with dentatotomy.


Stimulation and destruction of the region of the interstitial nucleus in cases of torticollis and see-saw nystagmus.


The stereotactic technique and its application in extrapyramidal hyperkinesia.


Displacements of brain due to positional changes during stereotactic operations.


Degeneration activity after parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation.


Dynamics of phosphoglycerides.

Dynamics of phosphoglycerides.


Peter Holtz, 1902-1970.

Peter Holtz, 1902-1970.


Interview: Horace M. Cardwell, chairman-elect of the American Hospital Association.


Antiplacental antibodies during normal pregnancy.


Radiological techniques in the diagnosis of ocular and orbital tumors.


Ultrasound in the diagnosis of intraocular and retrobulbar tumors.


Hemangiomas of the iris and ciliary body. Do they exist? A search for a histologically proved case.


Mechanisms of glaucoma in eyes with uveal malignant melanomas.


Neoplasms and related lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium.


Epibulbar squamous cell carcinoma and related lesions.


Fluorescein angiography. An aid in the differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors.


The axostyle of Saccinobaculus. II. Motion of the microtubule bundle and a structural comparison of straight and bent axostyles. Undulations of the flagellate Saccinobaculus result from motility in its axostyle, a bundle consisting of thousands of cross-bridged microtubules. In its resting state, the axostyle is a helix of large pitch and slowly varying radius. The active state as seen by light microscopy involves first a bending of the anterior end of the axostyle to a radius of about 8 microm with a circular arc ranging from 60 degrees to 180 degrees , and then the propagation of this bend without damping to the posterior end of the organism at speeds up to 100 microm/s. The cross section of an unbent axostyle is crescent shaped. This crescent flattens as the bend arrives and reappears as the bend passes by. Intertubule bridges impart to the axostyle tubules an axial periodicity of about 150 A which can serve as a marker for the investigation of tubule sliding or contraction associated with bend formation. Optical diffraction measurements on electron micrographs of the bend demonstrate that the axostyle tubules slide over one another and that the tubules on the inside of a bend usually contract, sometimes by as much as 25%. Possible relationships between the contraction and sliding of the tubules are discussed.


Freeze-etch studies of the plasma membrane of pulmonary endothelial cells. Pulmonary endothelial cells are capable of metabolizing a variety of circulating hormonal substances. Indirect evidence indicates that some of the relevant enzymes are located on the plasma membrane. The associated caveolae are of special interest as globular subunits, possibly enzyme clusters, are evident in their membranes. In the present study, freeze-etch techniques were used to improve understanding of the fine structure of endothelial cells and to extend our investigations of possible sites of enzymes capable of metabolizing circulating vasoactive agents. As in other cells studied by freeze-etching, intramembranous particles are found on both inner aspects of the plasma membrane. In undifferentiated areas of plasma membrane, the particles appear to have a random distribution. These areas fracture such that approximately equal proportions of the particles adhere to the cytoplasmic aspect of the outer leaflet and the extracellular aspect of the inner leaflet. However, the particles organize into rosettes and plaques at the base of caveolae, and, after fracture, the rosettes and plaques adhere predominantly to the cytoplasmic aspect of the outer leaflet. The peculiar organization of particles in association with caveolae supports the concept that caveolae have a stomal skeletal structure and raises the possibility that the organization may be in some way related to pinocytosis.


Health care in the Cherokee Seminaries, asylums and prisons: 1851-1906.


Structure of membrane holes in osmotic and saponin hemolysis. Serial section electron microscopy of hemolysing erythrocytes (fixed at 12 s after the onset of osmotic hemolysis) revealed long slits and holes in the membrane, extending to around 1 microm in length. Many but not all of the slits and holes (about 100-1000 A wide) were confluent with one another. Ferritin and colloidal gold (added after fixation) only permeated those cells containing membrane defects. No such large holes or slits were seen in saponin-treated erythrocytes, and the membrane was highly invaginated, giving the ghost a scalloped outline. Freeze-etch electron microscopy of saponin-treated membranes revealed 40-50 A-wide pits in the extracellular surface of the membrane. If these pits represent regions from which cholesterol was extracted, then cholesterol is uniformly distributed over the entire erythrocyte membrane.


Hepatic cirrhosis in the tropics.

Hepatic cirrhosis in the tropics.


Antibacterial activity of certain 3-substituted benzothiazoline-2-thiones.


Lipophilic character and biological activity of drugs. II. The parabolic case.


Proposed mechanism for gentamicin transport.


Telescope dentures.

Telescope dentures.


Variability in dentists' designs of a removable maxillary partial denture.


Endodontic abutment prosthesis.

Endodontic abutment prosthesis.


A technique for the transfer of coping and jaw relationships.


Bond strength of two types of cement to gold casting alloy.


Vacuum-air pressure investing.

Vacuum-air pressure investing.


The historical collections of the AAMD: a review and an appeal.


The effects of bromhexine on oxytetracycline penetrance into sputum.


The technique and complications of amniocentesis.


Nutritional problems of affluent populations.


Chemical synthesis of a decadeoxynucleotide containing cytidylic and adenylic acids.


Three-dimensional structure of yeast tRNA I  Val : localization of exposed and shielded cytosine bases.


Immunoglobulin A: site and sequence of expression in developing chicks. Synthesis of immunoglobulins A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) is prevented in chickens by embryonic treatment with heterologous antibodies to IgM when combined with bursectomy at hatching. Cells that produce IgA are seeded from the bursa of Fabricius later than cells capable of IgM and IgG synthesis; the latter do not convert to IgA synthesis outside of the bursa.


Consensus rankings in small groups: self-rankings included and excluded.


Mechanism of translocation in ribosomes. II. Activation of spontaneous (nonenzymic) translocation in ribosomes of Escherichia coli by p-chloromercuribenzoate.


Current status of prosthetics for heart valve replacement.


Noninvasive techniques in pediatric cardiovascular disease.


Surgery of basilar aneurysms.

Surgery of basilar aneurysms.


Fluspirilene, an injectable, and penfluridol, an oral long-acting, neuroleptic. A comparative double-blind trial in residual schizophrenia.


A controlled study on the possible effect of dihydroergotamine against dryness of the mouth in patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants.


The prognosis of corneal transplantation.


Trophoblast development gradient and its relationship to placental hemodynamics. II. Study of fetal cotyledons from the toxemic placenta.


Computer diagnosis of fetal heart rate patterns.


The role of pregnancy in the induction of the generalized Shwartzman reaction.


Normal Y chromosome fluorescent pattern in testicular feminization.


Mycoplasma and human reproductive failure. II. Concentrations of doxycycline in serum and seminal fluid and the effect on the growth of T-Mycoplasmas.


APA-approved doctoral programs in clinical, counseling, and school psychology: 1972.


APA-approved internships for doctoral training in clinical and counseling psychology: 1972.


Causes of death after renal transplantation.


Ultrasonic determination of ascites.

Ultrasonic determination of ascites.


The way of the future.

The way of the future.


Effect of chlorhexidine on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.


Fidelity of translation of satellite tobacco necrosis virus ribonucleic acid in a cell-free Escherichia coli system.


Isolation and structure determination of the fluorescent base from bovine liver phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid.


The nature of histone f1 isolated from polysomes.


The psycho-analytic movement in Britain: a posthumous endorsement.


Metrazol (Leptazol, Cardiazol) with ECT.


Effect of crystalline penicillin and bicillin-1 on experimental syphilis in the rabbit. Electron microscope study.


Effect of gentamicin sulphate on avirulent and virulent Treponema pallidum.


Unusual behaviour of serological tests for syphilis in Ugandan Africans.


Prevalence of yaws on Kar Kar Island, New Guinea.


The James Ewing lecture. Looking at lung cancer.


Comparison of nitrimidazine and metronidazole in the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.


Phagocytosis and avirulent Treponema pallidum.


Intestinal flora in patients with chronic bronchitis and malabsorption syndrome.


An account of the effects of the stramonium, or thorn-apple, by Benjamin Rush, M.D.


Shigella vaginitis. Clinical notes on two childhood cases.


Light microscopic and electrophysiological studies of cultured human central nervous tissue.


Pathogen-free substrates for gerontologic research: review, sources, and comparison of barrier-sustained vs conventional laboratory rats.


The assessment of brain damage from a psychometric point of view.


Dental identification in the Rijeka air disaster.


Suppressor mutations induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in Escherichia coli.


Five-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients treated by gastrectomy, large dose of mitomycin-C, and-or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.


Growth characteristics of tumors induced by bovine adenovirus type-3 in hamsters of various ages.


U.S. steps up efforts to improve nursing home standards.


Prevention of thromboembolism after hip fracture.


Clinical experience on the detection of endotoxemia with the limulus test.


Effects of colchicine and chloramphenicol on the oxidative metabolism and phagocytic activity of human neutrophils.


Peroxidaseless chicken leukocytes: isolation and characterization of antibacterial granules.


Antibodies to TRIC agents in tears and serum of naturally infected humans.


Infectious drug resistance in Thailand. 3. Prevalence of drug--resistant Escherichia coli in the intestinal flora of urban and rural children.


The haemolytic effect of a single dose of 45 mg of primaquine in G-6-PD deficient Thais.


3-Phenyl-5-quinolinemethanol antimalarials.


Antimalarials. 1. Heterocyclic analogs of N-substituted naphthalenebisoxazines.


A bis-N,O-diacetylhydroxylamine analog of diaminodiphenyl sulfone possessing antimalarial activity.


Society for Personality Assessment. Distinguished Contribution Award. Honolulu, Hawaii, September 3, 1972 (Molly Harrower).


Projection, play and poetry.

Projection, play and poetry.


Some recent trends in personality assessment.


Toward development of a projective set.

Toward development of a projective set.


Body image disturbance in schizophrenia: a study of arms and feet.


First drawn picture and modernization.

First drawn picture and modernization.


Measurement of relative blood flow, transit-time distributions and transport-model parameters by residue detection when radiotracer recirculates.


Macromolecular structure of the DNA of the bombyx nuclear polyhedrosis virus.


Study of secondary structure of ribosomal ribonucleic acids.


Protein volume in solution.

Protein volume in solution.


Autokinetic illusion: a systematic review of theories, measures, and independent variables.


Study of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA.


Determination of cardiac output by electrical impedance of blood in anesthetized dogs.


Maternally acquired runt disease.

Maternally acquired runt disease. Without altering the structural integrity of the placenta by irradiation or drugs, we have shown that it is possible to immunize females both adoptively and actively against the paternally inherited transplantation antigens of their fetuses. Such immunization causes a high incidence of runt disease among the litters. Although the putative chimeric status of the affected offspring has yet to be confirmed, the results of our experiments support the thesis that runt disease is caused by the activities of "unwanted" immigrant lymphocytes from the maternal circulation. Our results suggest that immunologically activated cells are more likely to cross the placenta than normal cells and that this greater mobility may not be related to the immunologic specificity of the activated cells. Two factors may have contributed to the apparent failure of numerous previous attempts to demonstrate the capacity of transplantation immunity to affect the well-being of a fetus or, more correctly, its placenta, in the way that might be expected of a homograft. (i) Investigators were preoccupied with obtaining a classic type of rejection, in utero, analogous to the rejection of an orthotopic skin homograft. The birth of consistently healthy-looking litters, interpreted as a failure of the experiment, convinced the investigators of the efficacy of nature's solution of the homograft problem and there was no reason for them to suspect its possible limitations. Observation of the litters for several weeks might have uncovered the phenomenon of maternally induced runt disease. (ii) Most investigators resorted to hyperimmunization of the mothers. This would have facilitated the synthesis of protective isoantibodies capable of interfering with the expression of the potentially harmful cellular immune response (6). Ever since the abnormalities of runt disease were first described they have repeatedly been compared to those observed in patients with certain lymphomas (17). Various theories have been propounded as to how maternally transmitted graft-versus-host reactivity might lead to the development of these tumors. In mice it has been established that graft-versus-host reactivity may result in a high incidence of lymphomas (18). Recent analysis indicates that this graft-versus-host reactivity unmasks and activates normally latent and undemonstrable oncogenic viruses (19). The work we describe in this article may have some relevance to the possible clinical significance of transplacental cellular mobility in man. We suggest that the relatively high incidence of lymphomas in children might also be, in part at least, due to unmasking of oncogenic viruses by subclinical graft-versus-host reactivity mediated by immunocompetent cells of maternal origin. The statistical evidence that male infants are at greater risk than females (20) is concordant with our observation that maternally induced runts include a significantly higher proportion of males than females (10).


Protein biosynthesis in Escherichia coli cells infected with bacteriophage MS2.


Three-dimensional structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA: folding of the polynucleotide chain. At 4 A resolution the polynucleotides in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA are seen in a series of electron dense masses about 5.8 A apart. These peaks are probably associated with the phosphate groups, while lower levels of electron density between segments of adjacent polynucleotide chains are interpreted as arising from hydrogen-bonded purine-pyrimidine base pairs. It is possible to trace the entire polynucleotide chain with only two minor regions of ambiguity. The polynucleotide chain has a secondary structure consistent with the cloverleaf conformation; however, its folding is different from that proposed in any model. The molecule is made of two double-stranded helical regions oriented at right angles to each other in the shape of an L. One end of the L has the CCA acceptor; the anticodon loop is at the other end, and the dihydrouridine and TpsiC loops form the corner.


Lambda phage DNA: joining of a chemically synthesized cohesive end. The chemically synthesized dodecamer d(pA-G-G-T-C-G-C-C-G-C-C-C) was annealed, and was covalently joined to lambda phage DNA with bacterio-phage T(4) ligase. The 5'-end of the dodecamer was joined to a deoxyguanosine residue. Repair with DNA polymerase I established that the position of joining was the left-hand end of lambda DNA. This is the first time that a chemically synthesized oligonucleotide has been covalently joined to a naturally occurring DNA molecule.


Immunological studies of the L-phase variants of some E. coli strains.


Haemopoietic defects in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. 2. The viral effect upon the function of colony-forming stem cells.


Characteristics of the inhibition by rabbit immune serum of the bactericidal effect of cattle normal serum on Salmonella typhimurium 395 MRO.


Immunoelectrophoretic patterns of extracts from Escherichia coli O antigen test strains O1 to O157 examinations in homologous OK sera. Further comments on the classification of Escherichia K antigens.


FTA-ABS test reading made easy.

FTA-ABS test reading made easy.


Adult onset of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.


Renomedullary deficiency. A permissive factor in renoprival hypertension.


f2 RNA structure and peptide chain initiation: fMet-tRNA binding directed by methoxyamine-modified unfolded or native-like f2 RNAs.


Mechanism of action of a rifamycin derivative (AF-013) which is active on the nucleic acid polymerases insensitive to rifampicin.


Syntheses and LH- and FSH-RH activities of LH-RH analogs substituted at position 8.


Biological effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on yeast.


Separation of Escherichia coli ribonucleases on a DNA agarose column and the identification of an RNase H activity.


Characterization of a mutant of E. coli with elevated levels of seryl-tRNA synthetase.


A foreign body in the mandible. A case report.


Healed injuries of elephant tusks.

Healed injuries of elephant tusks.


SCH-12,041, a new anti-anxiety agent (quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography and clinical trials).


Correction of genetic defects in vitro--prospects and problems.


Two different approaches to the investigation of bronchodilator drugs.


Post-orthodontic retention and post-prosthodontic occlusion in adult complete unilateral and bilateral cleft subjects.


Restoration of delayed hypersensitivity and antibody response in irradiated rats by normal lymphoid cells.


Velopharyngeal competence and primary cleft palate surgery, 1960-1971: a critical review.


Assessments of aptitudes in young people of school-leaving age handicapped by hydrocephalus or spina bifida cystica.


Morphology of peripheral nerves in children with spina bifida.


The spring implant operation: a preliminary report.


The ability and attainments of spina bifida patients born in South Wales between 1956-1962.


The effects of position, state of consciousness and drugs on cerebrospinal fluid absorption, estimated by I 125  hippuran resorption.


Electromyographic assessment of the transplanted ilio-psoas muscle in spina bifida cystica.


The effects of selective treatment of myelomeningocele on a neonatal unit.


Clinical implications of cord lesions in neurospinal dysraphism.


The medical management of hydrocephalus.


Obesity and short stature in children with myelomeningocele.


The treatment of urinary candidosis with the oral antifungal drugs 5-fluorocytosine and 'clotrimazole'.


An autoradiographic study of induced myelomeningocele.


Interview: Florence S. Gaynor, executive director, Martland Hospital, Newark.


Correction of rectal procidentia by use of polypropylene mesh (Marlex).


Rudolph Nissen and hiatus hernia.

Rudolph Nissen and hiatus hernia.


Use of tissue adhesive spray in skin grafting.


Posttraumatic acute acalculous cholecystitis.


Validation of a rapid computerized method of measuring 99mTc pertechnetate uptake for routine assessment of thyroid structure and function.


Unaltered plasma prolactin levels in men after administration of synthetic LH-releasing factor.


Diethylstilbestrol and circulating lipids in women with metastatic breast cancer: lack of dose response over 3 log units.


Comparison of the effect of subcutaneous and intravenous injection of synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on serum LH and FSH levels in men.


Reduction of the effects of scattered radiation on a sodium iodide imaging system.


Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Clofibrate without dietary therapy.


Demonstration of Streptococcus mutans strains in some selected areas of the world.


The effect of furazolidone on artificially induced Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens.


Basis of type A and F toxicities of Clostridium botulinum strain 84.


Effect of specific IgM antibody on number of IgG producing cells in primary immune response.


Effects of adjuvants on benzpyrene tumorigenesis in hamsters.


The permissiveness of differentiating mouse muscle-cell cultures to infection by group A coxsackievirus types 1 and 5.


Interferon preparations as modifiers of immune responses.


Acute alteration of plasma renin activity by large doses of intravenous prednisolone.


Detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS): an improved method for isolation of the Limulus extract.


Effect of dietary phosphorus on blood phosphorus and leukocyte levels in experimental salmonellosis.


Separation of somatotrophs from the rat adenohypophysis by velocity and density gradient centrifugation.


Release of bovine luteinizing hormone by purified porcine and synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone.


Effect of glutaraldehyde on skin grafts.


Further characterization of a glucagon precursor from anglerfish islet tissue.


Effects of endotoxin on hepatic glycogen metabolism in vitro.


Effects of immunization with ethanol-soluble enterobacterial common antigen on in vivo bacterial clearance and hematogenous pyelonephritis.


Hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor: release and synthesis after exposure to a high ambient temperature.


Failure of heparin, epsilon aminocaproic acid, or both agents to prevent increased fibrinogen levels after endotoxin in rabbits.


Demonstration of simultaneous rosette and plaque formation by splenic lymphocytes in the rabbit.


Circadian variation in the rejection of rat kidney allografts.


A technique of radical excision of pilonidal disease with primary closure.


The use of urokinase, pyridinolcarbamate, and dypiridamole in rat heart allografts.


The immunosuppressive effect of large doses of intravenous prednisolone in experimental heterotopic rat heart and human renal transplantation.


Techniques of in vivo plasma modification for the treatment of hyperacute rejection.


Second renal transplants in children.

Second renal transplants in children.


Exposure of the circumflex coronary artery and its branches.


Present role of histocompatibility matching in clinical transplantation.


Crossmatching for organ transplantation. II. The leukocyte and kidney cell crossmatches and HL-A typing in retransplantation: methods for the avoidance of acute humoral rejection.


Histocompatibility matching utilizing responsiveness as a new dimension.


Azathioprine and prednisone.

Azathioprine and prednisone.


Renal transplantation under cyclophosphamide.


Thoracic duct drainage as an aid for immunosuppression in human renal transplantation.


Supplemental report on thoracic duct drainage for immunosuppression.


Extracorporeal irradiation of blood as an immunosuppressive agent.


Antilymphocyte serum: mechanism of action.


A new in vitro assay for immunosuppressive potency of antilymphocyte serum.


Antilymphoblast globulin for renal allograft prolongation.


Clinical experience with horse antihuman ALG.


Early, low dose rabbit ALG therapy in cadaver kidney transplantation.


In vitro testing of enhancement.

In vitro testing of enhancement.


Immunologically specific allogeneic unresponsiveness in DL-A-identical radiation chimeras: a follow-up report.


Bone marrow transplantation after antilymphocyte globulin conditioning--split lymphocyte chimerism.


Problems of dialysis in transplant patients.


Isoimmunization of potential kidney transplant recipients: general frequency and some associated factors.


A standard technique for procurement of cadaver donor organs.


Criteria for selection of cadaver donors.


Pathophysiologic effects of pre-preservation warm ischemia on renal hemodynamics in dogs.


A comparison of intra- and extracellular solutions in twenty-flour hour canine renal preservation.


Experience with locally obtained kidneys.


Experience with preservation of shipped-in cadaver kidneys.


Simplification of organ preservation techniques: experimental and clinical experience.


Renal function in the hypothermic perfused state.


Comparison of methods of preservation of cadaver kidneys.


The operation.

The operation.


Renal transplantation into ileac urinary conduits.


Renal transplantation in infants and children.


New experimental methods for implantation of the ureter in bladder and conduit.


Management of multiple vessels in renal transplantation.


Experience with living-related donors.

Experience with living-related donors.


Anuria in the recipient.

Anuria in the recipient.


Hyperacute and acute fulminating rejection of human renal allografts.


The development of recurrent glomerulonephritis.


Renal artery stenosis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in human renal transplantation.


Chronic immunosuppression, Australia antigenemia, and hepatitis.


Bone problems related to renal transplantation.


Parathyroid disease in the transplant patient.


Current problems and approaches to diagnosis of infection in renal transplant recipients.


Second kidney transplants and presensitization.


Long-term results of renal transplantation.


The rehabilitation of renal allograft recipients.


Review of four years experience with clinical heart transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center.


Rehabilitation of retransplant patients.


Some biochemical features of flocculent and non-flocculent yeast used in the top beer brewery in Grodzisk Wlkp.


Occurrence of microorganisms capable of decomposing organic phosphorus compounds in two types of bottom sediments of the eutrophic lake Jeziorak.


Growth of bacteria in Chlorella vulgaris cultures.


Quantitative changes of clostridia in the intestine of early-weaned pigs diseased in coli-enterotoxaemia.


Plasma cortisol concentration as an index of adrenal cortex function in piglets with enteric colibacillosis.


Brain blood flow in the conscious and anesthetized rat.


Temperature regulation in the exercising rabbit.


Concomitant release of FSH and LH induced by native and synthetic LRF.


A reinforcement analysis of rat hypothalamus.


Lack of effect of native or synthetic LRF on secretion of prolactin in vitro.


Differentiation between Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium marinum.


Differential identification of mycobacteria. VII. Key features for identification of clinically significant mycobacteria.


Dissociation between the mammotrophic and galactopoietic effects of perphenazine and perphenazine sulphoxide in the rat.


Some morbid skeletal changes in Anglo-Saxons.


The hyperbaric oxygen chamber in the radiotherapy of carcinoma of the bladder.


Isolated pituitary gonadotrophin deficiency: gonadotrophin secretion after synthetic luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulation hormone-releasing hormone. The responses of serum immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after intravenous injection of 100 mug of synthetic LH/FSH-RH have been studied in 14 patients with the syndrome of isolated pituitary gonadotrophin deficiency. Nine of the patients showed a rise of both hormones, two a small rise of FSH only, and three were unresponsive. In two of the unresponsive patients injection of a 500-mug dose produced a small rise of LH only. Of the patients who responded, four had LH and FSH responses within the normal adult range, while in the others the responses were smaller and delayed. It is suggested that this syndrome is due to a lack of the hypothalamic-releasing hormone itself, rather than to a pituitary deficiency. However, repeat assessment after prolonged administration of the releasing hormone will be necessary before a pituitary disorder can be excluded in all patients. The synthetic LH/FSH-RH, preferably as a depot preparation, may provide a means of treating these patients to induce the development of puberty and subsequent fertility.


Analgesic nephropathy.

Analgesic nephropathy. Sixty-six patients were seen from January 1963 to December 1970 in whom a diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy was made. The ratio of women to men was 2.7:1 and women presented at an earlier age. Over 60% of patients had or developed urinary tract infection and over one-third presented with serum urea levels over 300 mg/100 ml. Hypertension was present in 60% of patients and almost 20% had a history of peptic ulcer; hysterectomy had been done in 35% of the women. Most patients improved initially but more than half of those followed up died within five years of presentation. A direct relation was found between prognosis and the degree of functional renal impairment at presentation. Hypertension appeared to have an adverse effect on prognosis but no relation of prognosis to papillary necrosis, infection, or surgical procedures was found.


Lord Rosenheim.

Lord Rosenheim.


Cell population kinetics of plucked and unplucked mouse skin. I. Unirradiated skin.


The proliferative capacity of haemopoietic colony forming units in the rat.


The effect on spleen colony production of the death of recipient mice.


Effects of LH-RH on plasma levels of LH and FSH in anorexia nervosa.


Human tissue (HL-A) antigens: role in allograft rejection and in collagen vascular diseases.


Protective value of heparin in hyperacute rejection of renal allografts in presensitized dogs.


Reinhold H. Wappler (1870-1933).

Reinhold H. Wappler (1870-1933).


The chemical synthesis of pepstatin A.

The chemical synthesis of pepstatin A.


The body-image of normal and retarded children.


A study of metabolic factors involved in the intracellular germination of Clostridium botulinum spores after phagocytosis.


In-vitro studies on the bactericidal properties of natural and synthetic gastric juices.


Physiological properties of mutagen-induced variants of Candida albicans resistant to polyene antibiotics.


The effect on virulence of transferring R factors to Salmonella typhimurium in vivo.


Comparison of Brinell and Vickers hardness tests on dental casting gold alloys.


Prevention of swarming of Clostridium septicum.


A comparative study of the recovery of strict anaerobes by conventional procedures and with an anaerobic cabinet.


Experimental oral candidiasis in weanling rats.


Isolation of Salmonella from sewage by anaerobic methods.


Quantitative analysis of inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in gingival fluid.


Prediction of the incidence of recurrent herpes labialis and systemic illness from psychological measurements.


The application of resistogram typing to the epidemiology of Sonne dysentery.


Properties of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary-tract infections, introital swabs and faeces.


Virus-specific immunoglobulins in sera and cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.


The posterior pituitary in human and animal parturition.


The rôle of oestrogens and progesterone in the onset of parturition in various species.


Urographic contrast media in uremia. Physiology and pharmacology.


The nephrotic syndrome.

The nephrotic syndrome.


Viability of bacteria in high-speed dental drill aerosols with antimicrobial agents in the water coolant system.


Radiology in renal transplantation.

Radiology in renal transplantation.


Radiologic aspects of renal osteodystrophy.


Pathogenesis of uremic osteodystrophy.

Pathogenesis of uremic osteodystrophy.


Rheumatoid factors as a cause for false positive IgM anti-toxoplasma fluorescent tests. A technique for specific results.


The positivation of the Montenegro test during the treatment of muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis. A case report.


Intra-abdominal abscesses.

Intra-abdominal abscesses.


A micro perifusion device for pancreatic islets allowing concomitant recordings of intermediate metabolites and insulin release.


Quantitative agar gel electrophoresis of human gastric proteinase proenzymes.


RNA-RNA hybridization in aqueous solutions containing formamide.


Electrophoretic properties of low molecular weight DNA fragments in agarose-acrylamide gels.


Analysis of DNA bearing single-chained terminals by BNC chromatography.


A cephalometric comparison of cases treated with edgewise and Begg techniques.


The mutagenic effects of organophosphorus pesticides on micro-organisms.


Genetic studies with dichlorvos in the host-mediated assay and in liquid medium using Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Cytokinin activity of transfer RNA during chick embryogenesis.


Amino acid sequences of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor. II. Isolation and characterization of the thermolytic and peptic peptides and the complete covalent structure.


Evidence for deletion and changed sequence in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid of a spontaneously generated petite mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Comparison of the mitochondrial ribonucleic acid from a wild-type grande and a cytoplasmic peptide yeast by ribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization.


Low-temperature induction of respiratory deficiency in yeast mutants.


Utilization of exogenous fatty acids for complex lipid biosynthesis and its effect on de novo fatty acid formation in Escherichia coli K-12.


Direct spectrophotometric observation of an intermediate formed from deoxyadenosylcobalamin in ribonucleotide reduction.


Mechanistic probes for enzymatic reactions. Oxidation-reduction indicators as oxidants of intermediary carbanions (studies with aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase).


Discrimination between steady-state kinetic models of the Mechanism of action of yeast glyoxalase I.


Cations and ribosome structure. I. Effects on the 30S subunit of substituting polyamines for magnesium ion.


International Congress of the History of Medicine. Section on dental history.


Cations and ribosome structure. II. Effects on the 50S subunit of substituting polyamines for magnesium ion.


Cations and ribosome structure. 3. Effects on the 30S and 50S subunits of replacing bound Mg 2+  by inorganic cations.


Histochemistry of the burned dermis.

Histochemistry of the burned dermis.


Fistulae involving the adult male urethra.


The use of pedicle grafts in the repair of urinary tract fistulae.


Indications for urinary diversion in children.


Urinary diversion in cases of meningomyelocele.


Autotransplantation of the kidney.

Autotransplantation of the kidney.


Paget's disease and Beethoven's deafness.


The continuity of orthopedic thought and representation.


Homer and orthopaedics.

Homer and orthopaedics.


Art in the service of orthopaedics.

Art in the service of orthopaedics.


Serratia marcescens infections in orthopaedic surgery. A review of the literature and a report of two cases.


Orthopaedics in West Scandinavia during the middle ages.


Toulouse Lautrec. A tragic life; an inspired work; a difficult diagnosis.


Orthopaedics and orthopaedic diseases in ancient and modern Egypt.


The classic. Art, history and the crutch, by Sigmund Epstein, in Ann. Med. Hist., 1937, 9:304.


Quantitative histology of bone: the use of a computer program and results in normal subjects.


A clustering technique in the classification of almost periodic waveforms.


Estimation of missing values for computer prognosis.


Computer automated electrooculography.

Computer automated electrooculography.


SNAP: a computer language for control of psychoacoustic experiments.


Computer generated holograms for processing radiographic data.


Computer analysis of serial electrocardiograms.


Introductory note. (Victor A. Najjar).

Introductory note. (Victor A. Najjar).


The effect of retaining antral innervation on the reductions of gastric acid and pepsin secretion after vagotomy. The result of a prospective trial of 40 patients with duodenal ulcer treated either by proximal gastric vagotomy (antrum innervated) or by selective vagotomy (antrum denervated) shows that they are equally effective in reducing gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Preservation of antral innervation by proximal gastric vagotomy reduces gastric secretion as effectively as denervation of the entire stomach.


Starch and talc emboli in drug addicts' lungs. The lungs of eight drug addicts dying as a consequence of their habit have been examined. All showed the presence of small amounts of talc emboli and five the presence of starch emboli. Talc was invariably associated with a marked foreign body reaction which was insignificant in association with starch. Animal experiments showed very rapid (90% in 24 hours) removal of maize starch emboli; such rapid removal in man would explain the lack of a foreign body response. Quantitation of the amount of starch present in lungs from two of the cases gave values of 1.5 and 5.2 g. The higher amount could have been a contributory factor in the sudden death of the addict. The amounts of talc seen were not sufficient to be of clinical significance.


A simple method for chromosome banding.

A simple method for chromosome banding.


Alkaline phosphatase.

Alkaline phosphatase.


Reprocessing of wax-embedded tissue blocks for the electron microscope applied to Crohn's disease.


Intestinal malabsorption in the experimental animal.


The inhibition of plaque in humans by two experimental oral rinses.


The subcutaneous implantation of red marrow with roots without nicks.


A dialogue with Sir William Osler on postgraduate education. Critique of a Northlands Regional Medical Program.


Differences in the growth and differentiation of the CFU fraction surviving sublethal irradiation.


Hugo Fricke 1892-1972.

Hugo Fricke 1892-1972.


Lifesparing ability (in lethally irradiated mice) of W-W mouse marrow with no macroscopic colonies.


Platelets in hyperacute rejection of heterotopic cardiac allografts in presensitized dogs. An experimental study. Experiments were carried out to determine whether platelet aggregation plays a primary role in cardiac allograft hyperacute rejection, as has been observed in renal allograft hyperacute rejection. Dogs were presensitized by multiple skin grafts before a cervical heterotopic cardiac allograft was placed. One group of dogs was treated with sulfinpyrazone, a platelet inhibitor, and another was not. In the majority of the untreated dogs, the cardiac transplants were rejected hyperacutely and showed, morphologically, platelet aggregation followed by vascular disruption. In the treated dogs, hyperacute rejection was prevented, but the cardiac transplants were later rejected by primary cellular rejection. These data and the results from the experiments of other researchers lead us to propose that platelets are the "effector" of hyperacute rejection.


Chylomicrons and the formation of foam cells in type I hyperlipoproteinemia. A morphologic study. Light and electron microscopic study of aspirated bone marrow of a patient with type I hyperlipoproteinemia disclosed large, birefringent foam cells which develop from phagocytosis of chylomicrons by histiocytes. Chylomicrons are taken up, singly and in aggregates, by infoldings of the plasma membranes of histiocytes; these infoldings become phagocytic vacuoles within the cytoplasm. As chylomicrons are metabolized, the foam cells decrease in size, lose birefringence and develop autofluorescent, electron-dense deposits of ceroid.


Animal model: hereditary muscular dystrophy of chickens.


Renewal of alveolar epithelium in the rat following exposure to NO2. This research was undertaken to study the kinetics of Type 2 cell division and the fate of the Type 2 sister cell following exposure to NO(2). To accomplish this, male rats were exposed to NO(2). Dividing cells were labeled with (3)H-TdR and studied with autoradiographic technics in the light and electron microscopes for up to 72 hours after labeling. The kinetics of cell division were determined from a curve constructed from the percent of labeled mitotic figures. The fate of the Type 2 sister cells was determined by studying tissues at 24, 48 and 72 hours after labeling with (3)H-TdR. The results show that Type 2 cells may divide and the sister cells transform into Type 1 cells. These data support an interpretation of the mechanism for cell renewal of the alveolar epithelium in which Type 2 cells are the progenitor cells for Type 1 cells.


Cell division of alveolar macrophages in rat lung following exposure to NO2. The purpose of this research was to study cell division of alveolar macrophages following exposure of rats to NO(2). Dividing cells were labeled with (3)H-TdR and studied for 12 hours after labeling. The kinetics of cell division were determined from a curve constructed from the percent of labeled mitotic figures. Dividing alveolar macrophages were localized in alveoli near the openings of terminal bronchioles. There were no morphologic differences observed between labeled and unlabeled macrophages. Estimates of the durations of the various phases of the cell cycle gave approximate values of: G(2), 1 hour; t(2), 1.8 hour; M, 2.8 hours; and S, 5.8 hours. This evidence, combined with that of others, is compatible with an interpretation for alveolar cell renewal in which marrow-derived cells enter the alveoli and become macrophages. While in the alveoli, the cells may divide and thus increase their numbers. Eventually the macrophages are extruded from the alveoli. Alveolar macrophages were classified as a dividing, transient renewing cell population.


Genital yeast infections.

Genital yeast infections. Genital yeast infection was studied in 533 women seen in a department of venereology. Yeasts were recovered in culture from 138 patients (26% of the total). Candida albicans accounted for 112 (81%) of the isolates and Torulopsis glabrata for 22 (16%); other yeasts were uncommon. There was no evidence that the presence of yeasts was related to age. 32% of the women who were taking an oral contraceptive harboured yeasts, compared with 18% of those who were not.The symptoms and signs of the women with yeast infections were compared with those with vaginal trichomoniasis and those with no evidence of genital infection. It seems that a clinical diagnosis of vaginal mycosis cannot be made with accuracy and that positive identification of yeasts is necessary; for this, cultural methods are the most satisfactory.


Is submucous fibrosis a precancerous condition in the oral cavity?


Prevention of dental caries: agents which increase tooth resistance to dental caries.


Salmonella-induced meningoencephalitis in a foal.


Effect on lens regeneration of implantation of spinal ganglia into the eyes of the newt, Notophthalmus.


A controlled study of clopamide, clorexolone, and hydrochlorothiazide in diabetics.


The glucose-alanine cycle.

The glucose-alanine cycle.


Fame is a name.

Fame is a name.


The erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate.


In vivo studies of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in the chicken hypothalamus.


Coccidioidal choroiditis following renal transplantation.


Trans-sphincteric exposure of the rectum.


The early, intermediate, and late function of the autotransplanted lung.


An in-vitro technique for the quantitative detachment of cells from tooth surfaces.


Renin inhibition by pepstatin.

Renin inhibition by pepstatin.


Coagulation factor variants.

Coagulation factor variants.


A new method of total reconstruction of the penis.


The effects of phenylhydrazine-induced haemolysis on the behaviour of regenerating marrow stroma.


A simple island flap for reconstruction of concha-helix defects.


An experimental tube pedicle lined with small bowel.


The "relay" graft.

The "relay" graft.


Storage and skin metabolism.

Storage and skin metabolism.


Digestive disease: the changing scene.

Digestive disease: the changing scene.


Presentation of the academy medal to James A. Shannon, M.D.


Bovine  -crystallin: sequence of the C-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment of the  A chain.


Rabies in a chimpanzee.

Rabies in a chimpanzee.


David Seegal, M.D.

David Seegal, M.D.


Guinea pig mammary gland milk content by isotope dilution methods using  141 Ce and  14 C-polyethylene glycol-4000.


Tissue composition of lactating guinea pig mammary glands.


Regnier de Graaf on the human reproductive organs. An annotated translation of Tractatus de Virorum Organis Generationi Inservientibus (1668) and De Mulierub Organis Generationi Inservientibus Tractatus Novus (1962).


Franz Oppenheimer.

Franz Oppenheimer.


Serratia granuloma.

Serratia granuloma.


Antibodies in bovine urine in leptospirosis.


The relationship among anxiety level, intelligence quotient, ego-involvement, and performance on an Embedded Figures Test.


Integration of an instructional program with a psychotherapeutic milieu: developmental redirection for seriously disturbed children.


A comprehensive Child Guidance Service (an initial survey of North Wales Child Guidance Clinics).


The flow-volume curve. A current perspective.


Ethambutol in the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. U.S. Public Health Service tuberculosis therapy trials.


Assay for two antimicrobials.

Assay for two antimicrobials.


The orbit.

The orbit.


Evaluation of dip inoculum urine culture.


Breast milk and defence against infection in the newborn.


Total body water content of neonates with obstruction of alimentary tract.


Raised immunoglobulin levels and thrombocytosis in infantile cortical hyperostosis.


Spina bifida cystica. Results of treatment of 270 consecutive cases with criteria for selection for the future.


Dental caries.

Dental caries.


Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis.

Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis.


The effect of nifurtimox on Trypanosoma cruzi in tissue cultures.


Ultrastructural observations on the activity of nifurtimox on the causative organism of Chagas' disease. I. Trypanosoma cruzi in tissue cultures.


On the chemical existence and partial purification of the hypothalamic follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone.


Chitin synthetase activating factor from yeast, a protease.


Biological evidence that separate hypothalamic hormones release the follicle stimulating and lutneinizing hormones.


A study of the dynamic state of histidine residues in tryptophan synthetase subunit by  13 C nuclear magnetic resonance.


2H-1,3-oxazine-2,6(3H)-dione, a new pyrimidine antimetabolite.


Biosynthesis and evidence for the existence of the follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone.


Reassociation of nucleic acids in solutions containing formamide.


Effects of phenothiazines on the development of antibody-producing cells in vitro.


Development of atrioventricular specialized tissue in human heart.


Hans Andersen and James Young Simpson.

Hans Andersen and James Young Simpson.


Pneumopericardium complicating the treatment of respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn.


The aetiology of impetigo contagiosa.

The aetiology of impetigo contagiosa.


Ultrastructural features of the invasive phase of Candida albicans.


Direct immunofluorescent study of the skin on occurrence of complement in pemphigus.


Hair replacement in the guinea-pig and in man.


John Thornton Ingram, 1899-1972.

John Thornton Ingram, 1899-1972.


Separation of stratum corneum.

Separation of stratum corneum.


The management of deep venous thrombosis. I. Diagnosis.


Herellea corenal ulcer associated with the use of soft contact lenses.


Neurology's debt to Becquerel.

Neurology's debt to Becquerel.


Anti-oestrogen therapy for breast cancer: a trial of tamoxifen at two dose levels. Tamoxifen (ICI 46474) is the trans-isomer of 1(p-beta-dimethylaminoethoxy-phenyl)-1, 2-diphenylbut-1-ene.  In several but not all mammal species it is a potent anti-estrogen.  It is thought to act by blocking estrogen receptors.  Patients were 68 women with advanced primary carcinoma of the breast, recurrences in the chest wall or soft tissue metastases.  The oral dose of tamoxifen was either 10 mg or 20 mg twice daily.  Patients were seen and laboratory tests done monthly for 6 months.  Side effects were usually trivial and their incidence was the same at both dose levels.  Of 26 patients who showed a reduction in tumor size to half or less, 5 had been in remission for over a year and another 10 for over 6 months.  Some tumor responses were spectacular.  The drug was less effective for bone deposits.  In this study 12 of 33 patients (36%) receiving 10 mg of tamoxifen twice daily showed a definite response while a futher 8 (24%) showed a partial response.  A definite response was seen in 14 out of 35 (40%) receiving 20 mg twice daily and a partial response in a further 13 (37%).  The total response for low dosage was 60% and for high dosage 77%.


Lymphocyte sensitization in asthma with special reference to nature and identity of intrinsic form. Studies of lymphocyte sensitization in patients with asthma showed that the intrinsic and extrinsic forms of the disease fell into two distinct groups. Intrinsic disease showed a general sensitization to a number of non-specific antigens, while the extrinsic form had only slight elevation above normal values. These findings suggest that intrinsic asthma results from a defect of general immunity, whereas extrinsic asthma is a specific sensitization.


Diet and congenital defects.

Diet and congenital defects.


Pioneers of Canadian anaesthesia. Dr. Samuel Johnston: a biography.


The early detection of dystrophia myotonica.


Cryptococcal meningitis: its apparent increased incidence in the Far East.


Kinetics of the reaction of nitrous acid with model compounds and proteins, and the conformational state of N-terminal groups in the chymotrypsin family.


The kinetics of reactions catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase: the effects of added nucleophiles.


Incorporation of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone into the anticodon loop of tRNA Phe  from yeast.


Biological activities of lipid A complexed with bovine-serum albumin.


Purification of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12 by affinity chromatography.


Interpretation of incomplete reactions in tRNA aminoacylation. Aminoacylation of yeast tRNA Val  II  with yeast valyl-tRNA synthetase.


Extension of RNA molecules with DNA. An approach to the study of termination sequences recognised by RNA polymerase.


Interaction of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli with DNA. Influence of DNA scissions on RNA-polymerase binding and chain initiation.


A cerebellar projection onto the pontine nuclei. An experimental antaomical study in the cat.


Use of medical aid by the aged: on the increase since medicare.


The pattern in the projection of the intracerebellar nuclei onto the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the cat. An experimental anatomical study.


Influence of pertussis vaccine and bacterial endotoxin on blood leukocyte counts and numbers of pre-existing antibody-forming cells in aged mice.


Corneal transplantation.

Corneal transplantation.


The use of collagen polypeptides in the histochemical demonstration of creatine kinase.


Changes in serum cortisol, glucose and free fatty acid levels during tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia in obese women.


Immunohistochemical localization of three catecholamine synthesizing enzymes: aspects on methodology.


Scoliosis of spina bifida and infantile paraplegia.


Genetic analysis of flagellar mutants in Escherichia coli. Flagellar mutants in Escherichia coli were obtained by selection for resistance to the flagellotropic phage chi. F elements covering various regions of the E. coli genome were then constructed, and, on the basis of the ability of these elements to restore flagellar function, the mutations were assigned to three regions of the E. coli chromosome. Region I is between trp and gal; region II is between uvrC and aroD; and region III is between his and uvrC. F elements carrying flagellar mutations were constructed. Stable merodiploid strains with a flagellar defect on the exogenote and another on the endogenote were then prepared. These merodiploids yielded information on the complementation behavior of mutations in a given region. Region III was shown to include at least six cistrons, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Region II was shown to include at least four cistrons, G, H, I, and J. Examination of the phenotypes of the mutants revealed that those with lesions in cistron E of region III produce "polyhooks" and lesions in cistron F of region III result in loss of ability to produce flagellin. Mutants with lesions in cistron J of region II were entirely paralyzed (mot) mutants. Genetic analysis of flagellar mutations in region III suggested that the mutations located in cistrons A, B, C, and E are closely linked and mutations in cistrons D and F are closely linked.


Effect of thymine starvation on deoxyribonucleic acid repair systems of Escherichia coli K-12. Thymine starvation of Escherichia coli K-12 results in greatly increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light (UV). Our studies, using isogenic strains carrying rec and uvr mutations, have shown the following. (i) Common to all strains tested is a change from multihit to single-hit kinetics of survival to UV after 60 min of thymine starvation. However, the limiting slope of UV survival curves decreases in the rec(+)uvr(+) strain and changes very little in several rec mutant strains and one uvrB mutant strain. Thus, when either the rec or uvr system is functioning alone, the limiting slopes of the UV survival curves are relatively unaffected by thymine starvation. (ii) Thymine starvation does not significantly inhibit repair processes carried out by either repair system alone; i.e., host cell reactivation of irradiated phage (carried out by the uvr system), excision of thymine dimers (uvr), or X-ray repair (rec). (iii) In a rec(+)uvr(+) strain, repair appears to be a synergistic rather than additive function of the two systems. However, after thymine starvation, repair capacity is reduced to about the sum of the repair capacities of the independent systems. (iv) The kinetics of thymineless death are not changed by rec and uvr mutations. This indicates that the lesions responsible for thymineless death are not repaired by rec or uvr systems. (v) Withholding thymine from thy rec(+)uvr(+) bacteria not undergoing thymineless death has no effect on UV sensitivity. Under these conditions one sees higher than normal UV resistance in the presence or absence of thymine. This is due to increased repair carried out by the uvr system. To explain these results we postulate that thymine starvation does not inhibit either the rec or uvr repair pathway directly. Rather it appears that thymine starvation results in increased UV sensitivity in part by inhibiting a function which normally carries out efficient coordination of rec and uvr pathways.


Porphyrin-accumulating mutants of Escherichia coli. Four mutants (pop-1, pop-6, pop-10, and pop-14) which accumulate a red water-insoluble pigment were obtained in Escherichia coli K-12 AB1621. For each mutant, the red pigment was shown to be protoporphyrin IX, a late precursor of heme. Mutagenic treatment of mutant pop-1 yielded a secondary mutant, pop-1 sec-20, which accumulated a brown water-soluble pigment. The brown pigment was shown to be coproporphyrin III. Mutant pop-1 resembled the parental strain in its cytochrome absorption spectrum, catalase activity, and ability to grow on nonfermentable carbon and energy sources; therefore, its ability to produce and utilize heme was unimpaired. Judged on the same criteria, the secondary mutant, pop-1 sec-20, was partially heme and respiratory deficient. Growth in anaerobic conditions decreased by 25% the accumulation of protoporphyrin by pop-1; under the same conditions, pop-1 sec-20 did not accumulate coproporphyrin or coproporphyrinogen. The mutations causing protoporphyrin accumulation in all four pop mutants were found to map in the lac to purE (10-13 min) region of the E. coli chromosome. In the case of mutant pop-1, the mutation was shown to be strongly linked to the tsx locus (12 min). In mutant pop-1 sec-20, the second mutation causing coproporphyrin accumulation was co-transducible with the gal locus at a frequency of 88 to 96%. The mechanism of porphyrin accumulation by the mutants is discussed.


Ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay. A study of the ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related vibrios in the Rhode River area of Chesapeake Bay was carried out over the period December 1970 through August 1971. The incidence of V. parahaemolyticus and related vibrios was found to be correlated with water temperature. The vibrios could not be detected in the water column during the winter months, although they were present in sediment. From late spring to early summer, when water temperatures were 14 +/- 1 C, vibrios over-wintering in sediment were released from the bottom communities and attached to zooplankton, proliferating as the temperature rose. The number of vibrios in and on plankton was reflected in the water column bacterial population densities at water temperatures of ca. 19 C. Thus, temperature of the water column in the range of 14 to 19 C was found to be critical in the annual cycle of the vibrios. Interaction between sediment, water, and zooplankton was found to be essential in the natural estuarine ecosystem. Bacterial counts of zooplankton were found to be temperature dependent. The bacterial population associated with zooplankton was found to be predominantly on external surfaces and was specific, differing from that of the sediment. Vibrio spp. and related organisms comprised the total bacterial population associated with zooplankton in summer months. The ecological role of Vibrio spp., including V. parahaemolyticus, was found to be significant, with respect to their property of chitin digestion and in relation to the population dynamics of zooplankton in Chesapeake Bay.


Radiation-resistant mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2: development and characterization. A series of repeated exposures to gamma irradiation with intervening outgrowth of survivors was used to develop radioresistant cultures of Salmonella typhimuium LT2. Stepwise increases in resistance to both ionizing and ultraviolet irradiation were obtained independently of the presence or absence of integrated P22 prophage. Single clonal isolates, representing parent and radioresistant populations, retained the general characteristics of the LT2 parent, including serological properties, phage typing, antibiotic sensitivities, mouse virulence, and most biochemical test reactions. Resistant cells were generally larger and contained 1.8 to 2.1 times more ribonucleic acid and protein than parent cells, but deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contents were similar. Heterogeneity in the populations with respect to release of H(2)S, utilization of carbon sources, and growth on minimal medium is considered to be ancillary, rather than causally related, to increased radioresistance. The resistant isolates displayed an increased ability to reactivate gamma-irradiated P22 phage. DNA polymerase I and polynucleotide-joining enzyme activities were elevated in extracts of radioresistant cells relative to parent cells. It is suggested that the observed increases in radioresistance result from a selection of mutations leading to an increased capacity to repair DNA.


Evidence for the direct action of colicin K on aerobic  32 P i  uptake in Escherichia coli in vivo and in vitro. Pentachlorophenol (PCP)-sensitive incorporation of (32)P-labeled orthophosphate ((32)P(i)) into nucleotides and nucleic acids by disrupted spheroplasts of Escherichia coli was inhibited by addition of colicin K. Incorporation by intact cells was also inhibited by a similar concentration of colicin K. Various colicin K-resistant mutants were isolated, and their ability to incorporate (32)P(i) was tested. When T6(r)-colK(r) mutants (T6 phage-resistant) and tol I mutants (T6-sensitive, colicin E-sensitive) were converted to disrupted spheroplasts, their (32)P(i)-incorporation became sensitive to colicin K. On the contrary, incorporation by disrupted spheroplasts from tol II mutants (T6-sensitive, colicin E-resistant) was fairly resistant to colicin K like that of intact cells. A modification of the cell surface of T6(r)-colK(r) mutants, caused by mutation to novobiocin-permeable, T4 phage-resistant cells, restored the sensitivity of the cells to colicin K. The modified T6(r)-colK(r) cells did not adsorb T6 phage or colicin K, indicating that the receptors for T6 phage or colicin K are not reactivated by this modification. Similar treatment of tol I mutants did not have this effect. These observations strongly suggest that colicin K can act on its target on the cell membrane if it can penetrate the cell surface to reach this target. The receptor for colicin K on the cell surface, which may be part of the T6 phage-receptor, may have some unknown function in relation to the action of colicin K in normal cells, but tends to become dispensable if the cells become permeable to colicin K.


Characterization of lethal zygosis associated with conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12. When F(-) cells are mixed with an excess of Hfr cells there is a lethal event which results in a decrease in the number of F(-) survivors. We have described and discussed the parameters affecting this phenomenon of lethal zygosis, and these include the cultural conditions of both donor and recipient cells prior to mixing and the use of aeration throughout the period of the experiment. The absence of lethal zygosis with filtrates and supernatant fluids from donors suggests a dependence on direct cell-cell contact as found in conjugation. The phenomenon, which is normally observed in liquid media, also occurs on solid media, and use of these two methods has allowed examination of strains of different mating types. Whereas most Hfr strains capable of producing normal yields of recombinants showed killing activity, no F(+) and only one F' donor produced lethal zygosis. Only F(-) strains were sensitive to this phenomenon. The relationship between lethal zygosis and the various stages of conjugation is discussed.


Glutamate transport in Escherichia coli K-12: nonidentity of carriers mediating entry and exit. The exit of glutamate from Escherichia coli K-12 cells preloaded with the radioactive amino acid and its relation to the reaction of entry were studied. Experiments with cells preloaded to different intracellular concentrations of radioactive glutamate confirmed our earlier conclusion that glutamate exit was a first-order reaction. l-Glutamate, competitive inhibitors of glutamate uptake (d-glutamate and l-glutamate-gamma-methyl ester), noncompetitive inhibitors of glutamate uptake (l-serine and l-alanine), and the energy poison NaN(3) all accelerated glutamate exit 2.8-fold. No additive effect was observed in the presence of NaN(3) together with l-glutamate. Preloading with cold l-glutamate did not increase the rate of uptake of radioactive glutamate. It is concluded that the acceleration of glutamate exit in the presence of l-glutamate in the medium is not due to exchange diffusion and that l-glutamate and azide affect exit indirectly by preventing recapture. Sucrose, 25%, slowed down glutamate exit by a factor of about 4.7 and increased the steady-state level of glutamate accumulation to about the same extent. Increasing the intracellular K(+) concentration enhanced glutamate uptake but did not affect the half-time of exit. It is concluded that separate carriers are most probably involved in mediating the entry and exit reactions.


Effect on exclusion of alterations to the sex pilus. Chromosomal genes from an Hfr donor, dependent for their transfer upon the integrated F factor, were not excluded by an F(+) recipient when the donor also carried an F-like R factor, and its sex pili contained, in addition to F pilin, another pilin of a different specificity.


Osmotic reversal of temperature sensitivity in Escherichia coli. Forty temperature-sensitive mutants, unable to grow on tryptone or nutrient agar at 42 C, were isolated from Escherichia coli K-12. When 0.5% NaCl was added to the medium, 32 grew at the nonpermissive temperature. Several were tested with different amounts of NaCl added to tryptone broth; all grew best when the osmolality of the medium was between 400 and 1,000 milliosmolal. One of the mutants was studied in more detail. Sucrose, inositol, KCl, and MgCl(2), as well as NaCl, permitted growth at 42 C. Glycerol, however, had no effect. When shifted from 30 to 42 C without osmotic protection, the mutant stopped growing but did not lyse, die, or leak significant amounts of intracellular material. In a similar shift experiment, a second mutant leaked all of its trichloroacetic acid-soluble pools into the medium. The majority of the mutants were hypersensitive to certain antibiotics, indicating possible cell envelope defects.


Temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 with an impaired D-alanine:D-alanine ligase. The temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutant strain ST-640 lyses at the restrictive temperature except when an osmotic stabilizer or a high concentration of d-alanine is present. The presence of dl-alanyl-dl-alanine does not prevent lysis. The rate of murein synthesis, followed in a wall medium, is decreased at both 30 and 42 C. d-Alanyl-d-alanine and uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-muramyl (UDP-MurNAc)-pentapeptide are synthesized in decreased amounts, accompanied by accumulation of UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide at 42 C but not at 30 C. Uridine nucleotide precursors leak into the medium, especially out of the mutant cells. This leakage is prevented when NaCl is present. The d-alanine: d-alanine ligase (ADP) (EC 6.3.2.4) of the mutant strain, assayed in crude extracts, is temperature sensitive. The impaired ligase is relatively resistant to d-cycloserine and other inhibitors of the enzyme. Combined genetic and enzymatic results show that the low ligase activity is due to a mutation in the ddl gene, the structural gene for d-alanine: d-alanine ligase.


Recent developments of a method for measuring portal blood flow and visceral thermogenesis in the conscious sheep.


Chronic synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis.


The effects of magnesium on the ultrastructure of glutaraldehyde-fixed locust nerve-muscle synapses.


Renal allograft bruit. An encouraging finding.


Grafton Elliot Smith: a centenary.

Grafton Elliot Smith: a centenary.


Survival of patients with end-stage renal disease.


Possible physiological and pathological roles of the kallikrein-kinin system.


Management of anxiety-depression in geriatric patients.


Two kinds of insertions in bacterial genes.


Electron microscopy of polar insertions in the lac operon of Escherichia coli.


Polar mutations in lac, gal and phage lambda consist of a few IS-DNA sequences inserted with either orientation.


Heterogeneity of ribosomal populations in Escherichia coli cells grown in different media.


Stoichiometric measurements of 30S and 50S ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli.


Histidine starvation and completion of the bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid replication cycle.


Properties of the interaction of ribosomal protein S4 and 16S RNA in Escherichia coli revertants from Streptomycin dependence to independence.


The biosynthesis, assembly, and secretion of immunoglobulins.


Heavy chain diseases: clinical features and molecular significance of the disordered immunoglobulin structure.


Pathogenesis and clinical spectrum of histoplasmosis.


Diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal disease.


Prevention of bacterial disease by oral and parenteral antimicrobial agents.


Pancreas transplantation and the artificial pancreas: status of current experimental approaches.


A survey of the fine structure of the integument of the fiddler crab.


Nucleolar vacuoles in cells cultured from lung and peritoneum of Diemictylus viridescens.


Crystal development in the malpighian tubules of Bombyx mori (L.).


Organization of the cytosomal membranes of molluscan neurons under normal and anaerobic conditions as revealed by electron microscopy.


Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, emphysema, and cirrhosis in an adult.


Haemophilus influenzae type b: disease and immunity in humans.


Influence of gastric acidity on bacterial and parasitic enteric infections. A perspective.


The treatment of blepharitis: a controlled double blind study of combination therapy.


Iron metabolism in Hodgkin's disease.

Iron metabolism in Hodgkin's disease. An evaluation of iron metabolism has been carried out in 23 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease and 6 patients with other lymphomata. The reduction in red cell life span is related to the stage of the disease. There is an almost universal impairment of iron release from the reticuloendothelial system with a consequent sideropenia and failure of iron delivery to the bone marrow for erythropoiesis. This defect is found in all stages of the disease and is not related to systemic symptoms.


The relationship of acute mesodermal cell death to the teratogenic effects of 7-OHM-12-MBA in the foetal rat.


Pernicious anaemia as an autoimmune disease.


Observations on the biochemical basis of megaloblastic anaemia.


Vitamin B 12  and tropical sprue.

Vitamin B 12  and tropical sprue.


Folate in tropical sprue.

Folate in tropical sprue.


Sideroblastic and megaloblastic anaemias.


Recollections of the years 1951-54.

Recollections of the years 1951-54.


Studies of splenic function by means of radioisotope labelled red cells.


The nonspherocytic congenital haemolytic anaemias.


The clinical relevance of platelet function tests.


Platelet age: its relationship to platelet size, function and metabolism.


The function of the phagocytic leucocytes in leukaemia.


Professor Dacie's contribution to Australian haematology.


J. V. Dacie: an appreciation of his interest in entomology.


The abnormal red-cell membrane in hereditary spherocytosis: evidence for the causal role of mutant microfilaments.


The red cell: a haematological odyssey.

The red cell: a haematological odyssey.


Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MHA).


The autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.

The autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.


John Dacie.

John Dacie.


PNH: disease or defect?

PNH: disease or defect?


Red-cell abnormalities in HEMPAS (hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with a positive acidified-serum test).


Release and production of insulin by isolated, perifused rat pancreatic islets. Control by glucose.


Solomon A. Berson.

Solomon A. Berson.


Spontaneous mutations in bacteria and phages.


Evolutionary adjustment of spontaneous mutation rates.


Mutator genes in different species.

Mutator genes in different species.


Prevention of zinc deficiency in swine by feeding blood meal.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. 3. Biometrical aspects of maternal effects in animals.


Influence of orally administered porcine immunoglobulins on survival and performance of newborn colostrum-deprived pigs.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. IV. Maternal effects in laboratory species.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. V. Maternal effects in swine.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. VI. Maternal effects in beef cattle.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. 8. Comparative aspects of maternal effects.


Pharmaceutical industry reaction and implication.


Dr. K. A. Kolesov 1901-1971.

Dr. K. A. Kolesov 1901-1971.


A taxonomic study of some coryneform bacteria.


Origin of chaulmoogra oil--another version.


Factors affecting the concentration of faecal bacteria in land-drainage water.


Effects of 5-fluorouracil and pantoyl lactone on viability and division of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli FIL +  and FIL - .


Biosynthesis of D-alanyl-D-alanine from L-alanine by extracts of a stabilized L-form from Streptococcus pyogenes.


Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase formed by wild-type and complementing R factors in Escherichia coli K12.


Myo-inositol catabolism in Salmonella typhimiurium: enzyme repression dependent on growth history of organism.


Thymine and uracil catabolism in Escherichia coli.


Cocarcinogenic action of mechanical damage and x-ray irradiation on intramandibular tissue of mice.


Alteration of skin in Gross leukemia. IV. Test of allograft hypothesis.


Rosette-forming human lymphoid cell lines. I. Establishment and evidence for origin of thymus-derived lymphocytes.


Magnesium-stimulated resynthesis of osmoresistant layer by Candida albicans spheroplasts.


Enhancement of endotoxin-induced virus-inhibiting factor or interferon production by pretreatment of the rabbit with Newcastle disease virus.


Application of diffusion chamger technic to the cultivation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium. I. In vivo studies.


Hexachlorophene in the nursery.

Hexachlorophene in the nursery.


Salmonella in the laying hen. 2. The effect of simulated digestive tract pH levels on the survival of the three species of Salmonella.


Salmonella in the laying hen. 3. A comparison of various enrichment broths and plating media for the isolation of Salmonella from poultry feces and poultry food products.


Clinical significance of autoimmune antibodies in leprosy.


Responsibility for failure of sulphonamides in falciparum malaria; host or parasite?


Toxoplasmosis and African trypanosomiasis.


Development of Schizotrypanum cruzi in culture medium.


Obituary. Major-General Alexander J. Orenstein, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.H. 1879-1972.


A manganese-dependent adenyl cyclase in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Quantitative studies of the development of S. cerevisiae mitochondria.


An air-operated pinch valve for chemostat outlet flow control.


A review of factors affecting blood biochemistry in the pig.


A second experiment to challenge the resistance to tuberculosis in B.C.G. vaccinated cattle in Malawi.


Transmission of Toxoplasma infection from chronically infected ewes to their lambs.


Viennese serological research about the year 1900: its contribution to the development of clinical medicine.


The missing passage in Hort's translation of Theophrastus.


Natives and foreigners at the university. From Samuel D, Gross: report on the causes which impede the progress of American medical literature. Trans.A.M.A. 9:339-62,1856.


Medical numismatic notes. IX. Coins of the leper colony at Culion and of the Philippine Health Service.


Colchicum: the panacea.

Colchicum: the panacea.


Arterial microautografts: an experimental study.


The Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute in Bologna and the School of Anatomical and Surgical Drawing.


Healing of partially isolated small-intestinal anastomoses in rabbits and dogs.


Induction of diabetic alterations by goldthioglucose-obesity in KK,ICR and C57BL mice.


Lanthanium hydroxide tracer studies on rat corneal endothelium.


Patterns of bile acids and microflora in the human small intestine. II. Microflora.


Enterobacterial common antigen-induced lymphocyte reactivity in inflammatory bowel disease.


Genetic analysis of mutations indirectly suppressing recB and recC mutations. Mutations in sbcB inactivate exonuclease I and suppress the UV-sensitive, mitomycin-sensitive, recombination-deficient phenotypes associated with recB and recC mutations. Mapping experiments have located sbcB about 0.4 minutes from the his operon at 38.0 on the standard map of E. coli. This places sbcB between supD and his. A four-point cross shows that sbcB lies between P2 attH and his. P2 eduction deleting the his operon beginning with P2 attH also deletes sbcB and produces the expected exonuclease I deficiency and suppression of recB(-). The occurrence of chemical-mutagen-induced and spontaneous mutations indirectly suppressing recB(-) and recC(-) is examined. Three lines of strains produce only sbcA mutations while only sbcB mutations occur in a fourth line. Explanations for this behavior are proposed in light of the ability of the first three lines to express sbcB mutations which they inherit by transduction.


A dominant constitutive phoR mutation in Escherichia coli. A dominant constitutive mutation of the phoR locus controlling alkaline phosphatase synthesis in Escherichia coli is described. Its phenotype can be explained by the production of a poisonous subunit of the phoR gene product. The phoR gene product is inferred to consist of at least 3 or 4 subunits.


Polynucleotide ligase in bacteriophage T4D recombination. Following infection of E. coli B with ligase-deficient rII bacteriophage T4D recombination between linked markers is increased 4.2 fold and heterozygote frequency increased 2.3 fold. In such infection recombination occurs at a rapid rate for an extended period. This is in contrast to the time course of recombination observed in wild-type, lysis-inhibited, or lysis-defective (gene t defective) infection. In all of these cases recombination under standard cross conditions occurs early in the vegetative cycle. The increased recombination in ligase-deficient rII infection is reduced in a bacterial strain which produces greater than normal levels of host ligase. These results indicate that ligase has a crucial role not only in the replication of DNA but also in recombination. The level of ligase may determine whether DNA replication occurs with or without concomitant recombination.


Reactions of aldehydes with unsaturated fatty acids during histological fixation.


Enzyme evolution. I. The importance of untranslatable intermediates. The proportion of two allelic mutant forms of a haploid species can be calculated from six quantities, the original proportion, the two effective growth rate constants, the two mutation rate constants for the transition from one to the other, and the elapsed time. With a program for carrying out this calculation in a mini-computer, we set about investigating the rates of exploration of multiple intragene changes in populations of enormous numbers over a large number of cell generations. It seemed evident from the outset that unless in the past very different proportions of the different types of mutational changes occurred, then neither the numbers nor the times could have been of sufficient magnitude to account for enzyme evolution by multiple simultaneous changes within a gene to yield a superior protein. Rather, we propose that the more rapid path of enzyme evolution consisted of the sequence: 1) gene duplication, 2) inactivation of a gene copy by a chain-terminating mutation or other mutational change which suppresses transcription and/or translation, 3) multiple base-pair changes and/or small deletions and additions within the non-functioning gene, and finally, 4) reversion of the mutation which was suppressing translation. It is shown that this path will lead to faster advance, if the selective advantages of different forms are dependent on the function of the gene products at certain times in history, while at other times, although this function may be necessary, it is not limiting for growth.


Reducing compounds in radioprotection and radiosensitization: model experiments using ascorbic acid.


The group psychotherapy literature 1971.


Photoproduct formation in U.V.-irradiated DNA at high temperatures and high irradiation doses.


Surgical treatment of active keratomalacia by "covering graft".


Corneal grafting in developing nations.

Corneal grafting in developing nations.


Surgical treatment of herpes cornea.

Surgical treatment of herpes cornea.


Combined corneal graft and cataract surgery.


Inhibition of R-factor transfer and phage infection by requinomycin.


Negamycin, a miscoding antibiotic with a unique structure.


The role of total keratoplasty in unfavorable cases.


Studies of T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with connective tissue diseases. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects as well as patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and active tuberculosis were studied for the relative distribution of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B-cells) and thymic-derived T-cells. B-cells were identified by direct immunofluorescence of surface Ig markers; T-cells were studied using rabbit antisera to pooled human fetal thymocytes absorbed with chronic lymphatic leukemia lymphocytes as a source of B-cells. In normal subjects, the sum of percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes staining for surface Ig (B-cells) plus the percentage of cells staining with the absorbed antithymocyte antiserum closely approximated 100%. The mean value for percent B-cells among 51 normals tested was 22.9%+/-7.1; mean T-cells value was 75.3+/-13.95%. T-cell-specific antiserum stained 18% of normal human bone marrow lymphocytes, 42.5% of lymphocytes from normal spleens, and 98% of cells obtained from thoracic duct drainage of patients with RA. Specificity of antihuman thymocyte antiserum appeared to depend on the use of living cells. When patients with RA were examined, a wide range (14-98%) of peripheral blood T-cell values was found. Values for low percentages of peripheral blood T-cells appeared to correlate to some extent with severe clinical disease. In 11 of 36 RA patients, the sum of identifiable B- plus T-cells accounted for only 34-55% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The identity of the remaining "null" cells could not be identified.3 of 24 SLE patients studied showed low percentages of peripheral blood T-cells, but no correlation could be drawn between T- to B-cell ratios and clinical disease activity. Among 21 patients with active tuberculosis, one had a low value for identifiable T-cells. No significant differences from normals in range or proportion of B-cells was identified in patients with active tuberculous infection.


Photocoagulation therapy. Invited discussion.


Eye banks and the availability of corneas.


The relative potencies of heat-killed and acetone-killed vaccines against Salmonella typhimurium in mice. Mice were immunized against Salmonella typhimurium with graded doses of heat-killed (HK) and acetone-killed (AK) vaccines and then challenged by the oral or intraperitoneal routes with two doses of S. typhimurium. HK and AK vaccines gave good protection against an intraperitoneal challenge, but failed to protect against an oral challenge which is presumably the natural mode of infection. HK vaccine was as potent as AK vaccine in reducing the mortality rate among mice challenged by the intraperitoneal route but, unlike HK vaccine, AK vaccine was also able to reduce the infectivity rate. With a small intraperitoneal challenge dose it was observed that a gradual increase in vaccine dose is associated with a corresponding fall in mortality rate, but with a larger challenge dose an increase in vaccine dose was associated with a corresponding increase in mortality rates. It was concluded that the protective potency of this type of vaccine may partly depend upon the total amount of antigen in the animal, i.e. including both the vaccine and the challenge organisms, at a critical time after challenge.


Combined studies of complement receptor and surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells and sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells in normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, thoracic duct, and peripheral lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia were studied for complement receptor sites (CRL), surface immunoglobulin (SIg), and for the ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (TRFC). The two B cell markers (CRL and SIg) were found to be in overlapping, but not totally identical populations, whereas cells that were able to form rosettes were found in a totally unrelated population of lymphocytes; TRFC is therefore probably a reliable marker for T cells. In peripheral blood 24% of lymphocytes had SIg, but only half of these were also CRL. Almost all of the non-SIg peripheral blood lymphocytes were TRFC. In the spleen and thoracic duct only a few lymphocytes were observed that had SIg and were not CRL. On the other hand, in two of three spleens studied 10-20% of cells were CRL that did not have SIg. In the thoracic duct all non-CRL that did not have SIg. In the thoracic duct all non-CRL, non-SIg cells were TRFC. In chronic lymphatic leukemia three findings were made: (a) The presence or absence of CRL was independent of the presence or absence of SIg so that in individuals whose cells were non-SIg. CRL were usually plentiful. (b) Leukemic cells were essentially negative for TRFC. (c) Leukemic cells reacted poorly with human C3 compared to mouse C3, EACmo detecting up to 20-fold more CRL than EAChu. This latter finding was in sharp contrast to normal CRL that reacted somewhat preferentially with EAChu. These data suggest that altered surface Ig receptors and complement receptors are present in chronic lymphatic leukemic cells. Since the cells obtained from all leukemic patients tested in this study had either the complement receptor or surface immunoglobulin in a high percentage of their cells and were essentially negative for TRFC, it is strongly suggested that leukemic lymphocytes are of B cell origin. The finding of lymphocytes with only one of the two B cell markers suggests that these markers are not uniformly present on all B cells and that depending on the source, one or the other may be deficient.


Prognosis of keratoplasty in phakic and aphakic patients and the use of cryopreserved donor tissue.


Colonization resistance of the digestive tract of mice during systemic antibiotic treatment. During systemic treatment of mice with ampicillin or streptomycin, oral contaminations with exogenous bacterial species resulted in an abnormal colonization pattern. The contaminants persisted much longer and in much higher concentrations in the caecum of systemically treated mice than in control animals. Spread of the contaminant into the mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen was found much more often in the antibiotic treated group. This, however, was only seen when the contaminant was ;resistant' to the antibiotic injected. The experiments suggest that the ;CR-inducing species' of the microflora live in close contact with the mucosa and therefore could be identical with the anaerobic tapered rods described by Savage & Dubos (1968).


Xerophthalmia Club. Manifesto and present membership.


Retinal detachment associated with proliferative retinopathies (sickle cell disease, retrolental fibroplasia and diabetes mellitus).


Biotyping of Enterobacteriaceae as a test for the evaluation of isolation systems. Arguments in favour of biotyping of Enterobacteriaceae excreted in the faeces of isolated patients, as a method of investigating the efficiency of the isolation procedures, are presented as well as a technical outline of the procedure. The study included three kidney transplantation patients, five acute myeloid leukaemia patients and four healthy persons as controls.The results show, apart from new colonizations during isolation, a difference in the mean number of contaminations and colonizations with different Enterobacteriaceae biotypes. It is concluded from these results, that the isolation procedures were not completely effective and that the AML patients studied had a decreased colonization resistance of their digestive tract. This was less evident in the kidney transplant group.


Yeasts in a hospital for patients with skin diseases. The incidence and acquisition of Candida albicans and other yeasts in two wards of a skin hospital is described. Carriage rates on the skin in hospital patients is higher than is generally supposed, and cutaneous sites may act as sources of infection with these organisms.


Use of tartaric acid isomers and citric acid in the biotyping of Salmonella typhimurium. The colour-change and lead acetate tests for fermentation of d-, l- and m-tartaric acids and citric acid used in the Kristensen scheme for biotyping Salmonella typhimurium were found to be unreliable because, whatever the conditions of culture, they gave different results in replicate tests of the same strains. Many genotypically non-fermenting strains gave inconsistent reactions due to the emergence of fermenting mutant bacilli in some of their test cultures. No reliable test was found for the fermentation of citric acid.A ;turbidity' test was found to give consistent and reliable results with the three tartaric acid isomers. It demonstrated fermentation by the significantly greater amount of growth obtained in a 24 hr. culture in Oxoid peptone water with added isomer than in a control culture without isomer. Lewis & Stocker's (1971) plateinhibition test for fermentation of m-tartrate, which identifies m-tartrate-negative strains because m-tartrate inhibits their growth on citrate- or glycerol-containing minimal medium, was found to be as reliable as, and easier to read than, the turbidity test.Use of the turbidity test for d- and l-tartrates and the plate-inhibition test for m-tartrate in biotyping 1435 strains of S. typhimurium showed that many strains had previously been mistyped by the lead acetate test and distinguished 16 new biotypes in addition to the 22 biotypes already recognized.


Comparison of membrane filtration and multiple tube methods for the enumeration of coliform organisms in water. The membrane methods described in Report 71 on the bacteriological examination of water supplies (Report, 1969) for the enumeration of coliform organisms and Escherichia coli in waters, together with a glutamate membrane method, were compared with the glutamate multiple tube method recommended in Report 71 and an incubation procedure similar to that used for membranes with the first 4 hr. at 30 degrees C., and with MacConkey broth in multiple tubes. Although there were some differences between individual laboratories, the combined results from all participating laboratories showed that standard and extended membrane methods gave significantly higher results than the glutamate tube method for coliform organisms in both chlorinated and unchlorinated waters, but significantly lower results for Esch. coli with chlorinated waters and equivocal results with unchlorinated waters. Extended membranes gave higher results than glutamate tubes in larger proportions of samples than did standard membranes. Although transport membranes did not do so well as standard membrane methods, the results were usually in agreement with glutamate tubes except for Esch. coli in chlorinated waters. The glutamate membranes were unsatisfactory. Preliminary incubation of glutamate at 30 degrees C. made little difference to the results.


The serum and conjunctival antibody response to trachoma in Gambian children. Ninety-nine young Gambian children were studied for 61 weeks. About half of them had trachoma at the outset, and 80% of the remainder acquired the disease while under observation. IgG trachoma antibody in the serum and IgG and IgA antibodies in the conjunctival secretions (CS) were titrated by an indirect immunofluorescence method. In serum samples obtained in capillary tubes the mean titre was slightly higher than in samples collected on filter paper. Serum antibody at titres >/= 1/10 was invariably associated with a clinical diagnosis of trachoma; it increased both in frequency and titre as the disease progressed, and was present in about half of those with Tr II. In CS, IgG antibody was present less often and at lower titres than in serum, and IgA antibody was detected even less frequently. There was some evidence of correlation between the titres of IgG and IgA antibodies in CS, but none for a relationship between the titres of the antibodies in serum and those in CS. Antibodies were almost never present in the absence of conjunctival follicles, but their titres were unrelated to the degree of follicular hyperplasia; there was no obvious relationship between the serological findings and corneal lesions. In children diagnosed clinically as trachoma, serum antibody was present in almost all those with conjunctival inclusions, and in a proportion of inclusion-negative subjects; the mean titre was much higher in the inclusion-positive group.These findings do not settle whether CS antibodies are made locally, or are derived partly or wholly from the blood. They suggest that the indirect immunofluorescence test may be a useful diagnostic aid in trachoma, particularly in view of the rarity of false positive reactions; but there is at present little to choose between it and complement-fixation tests in terms of sensitivity.


Physician migration from inland to coastal states: antipodal examples of Illinois and California.