Structure of cell wall lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium. IV. Anomeric configuration of L-rhamnose residues and its taxonomic implications. A major portion of cell wall lipopolysaccharide from group A, group B, or group D(1)Salmonella corresponds to a linear polysaccharide chain, which consists of alpha-d-galactosyl-(1 --> 2)-alpha-d-mannosyl-(1 --> 4)-l-rhamnosyl-(1 --> 3)-repeating units, and has short branches of single 3,6-dideoxyhexose residues. The groups differ in the configuration of the 3,6-dideoxyhexose present. Furthermore, it has been claimed that the anomeric configuration of the rhamnosyl residues is beta-l in group B, in contrast to the alpha-l configuration found in groups A and D(1). In this study, oligosaccharides containing more than one repeating unit were isolated from a lipopolysaccharide of a group B Salmonella, and the anomeric configuration of the rhamnosyl residues was determined by the comparison of optical rotatory powers of these oligosaccharides with that of the repeating unit trisaccharide. The results established the configuration of rhamnose as alpha-l, in contrast to the beta-l configuration suggested in the literature. Since rhamnosyl linkages in lipopolysaccharide of a group D(1)Salmonella are hydrolyzed in acid at exactly the same rate as are those in group B Salmonella, the configuration of rhamnose residues in groups D(1) lipopolysaccharide is also likely to be alpha-l. These results indicate that lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella groups A, B, and D(1) share an identical main chain polysaccharide and differ essentially only in the configuration of 3,6-dideoxyhexose branches; they thus suggest close evolutionary relationship between these three serogroups of Salmonella.


Accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate in T7 bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli. Accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) in Escherichia coli strain AS19 valS, carrying a temperature-sensitive valyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase and infected with bacteriophage T7, was studied. Valine starvation was achieved by culturing this strain at 42 C. Addition of rifampin to an uninfected culture at the nonpermissive temperature resulted in loss of accumulated ppGpp; however, cultures infected with phage T7, treated with rifampin, and then shifted to the nonpermissive temperature maintained the ability to accumulate ppGpp. Moreover, treatment of the T7-infected culture with rubidomycin, an antibiotic which inhibits transcription, did not reduce the amount of ppGpp accumulated following shift to the nonpermissive temperature. Measurements of the instantaneous rate of T7 transcription showed that it is not under stringent control of amino acids. ppGpp synthesized in T7-infected E. coli appears to be more stable than its counterpart in an uninfected culture. These results are interpreted to mean that ppGpp production is not directly dependent on transcription and arises instead from inhibition of another reaction, most likely some aspect of translation.


Two genetic loci for resistance to kasugamycin in Escherichia coli. There are two loci for resistance to the antibiotic kasugamycin (Ksg) in Escherichia coli. Mutations at ksgA resulted in 30S ribosomal subunit resistance to Ksg. The map location of ksgA was near minute 0.5: ksgA was 95% cotransducible with pdxA, and the apparent gene order was thr... ksgA... pdxA. Studies in stable ksgA/ksgA(+) merodiploids showed that sensitivity was dominant over resistance. Mutations at a second gene (ksgB), located between minutes 25 and 39, resulted in phenotypic Ksg(R) indistinguishable from ksgA mutations, but ribosomes from ksgB strains were sensitive to the drug in vitro. Spontaneous and induced mutations to Ksg(R) were usually of the ksgA (ribosomal) type.


Host specificity of Salmonella typhimurium deoxyribonucleic acid restriction and modification. The restriction and modification genes of Salmonella typhimurium which lie near the thr locus were transferred to a restrictionless mutant of Escherichia coli. These genes were found to be allelic to the E. coli K, B, and A restriction and modification genes. E. coli recombinants with the restriction and modification host specificity of S. typhimurium restricted phage lambda that had been modified by each of the seven known host specificities of E. coli at efficiency of plating levels of about 10(-2). Phage lambda modified with the S. typhimurium host specificity was restricted by six of the seven E. coli host specificities but not by the RII (fi(-) R-factor controlled) host specificity. It is proposed that the restriction and modification enzymes of this S. typhimurium host specificity have two substrates, one of which is a substrate for the RII host specificity enzymes.


Protein synthesis and deoxyribonucleic acid-membrane attachment during thymineless death in Escherichia coli. The proteins synthesized during thymineless death in Escherichia coli B and B/r were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel elctrophoresis. It was found that the amount of a protein of molecular weight 80,000 to 88,000 is greatly increased during thymineless death compared to the amounts of other cell proteins. A technique for the isolation of cell membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-nascent ribonucleic acid (RNA) complex on detergent crystals was used to determine whether DNA might be detached from the cell membrane as a result of thymineless death. It was found that under no conditions of thymineless death or immunity to thymineless death was there any change in the attachment of DNA or pulse-labeled RNA to cell membrane.


Isolation and characterization of acid phosphatase mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain H-42 seems to have two kinds of acid phosphatase: one which is constitutive and one which is repressible by inorganic phosphate. The constitutive enzyme was significantly unstable to heat inactivation, and its K(m) of 9.1 x 10(-4)m for p-nitrophenylphosphate was higher than that of the repressible enzyme (2.4 x 10(-4)m). The constitutive and the repressible acid phosphatases are specified by the phoC gene and by the phoB, phoD, or phoE gene, respectively. Results of tetrad analysis suggested that the phoC and phoE genes are linked to the lys2 locus on chromosome II. Since both repressible acid and alkaline phosphatases were affected simultaneously in the phoR, phoD, and phoS mutants, it was concluded that these enzymes were under the same regulatory mechanism or that they shared a common polypeptide. The phoR mutant produced acid phosphatase constitutively, and the phoR mutant allele was recessive to its wild-type counterpart. The phoS mutant showed a phenotype similar to that of a mutant defective in one of the phoB, phoD, or phoE genes. However, the results of genetic analysis of the phoS mutant clearly indicated that the phoS gene is not a structural gene for either of the repressible acid and alkaline phosphatases, but is a kind of regulatory gene. According to the proposed model, the phoS gene controls the expression of the phoR gene, and inorganic phosphate would act primarily as an inducer for the formation of the phoR product which represses phosphatase synthesis.


Isolation and partial characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants in ten loci that affect cell membrane synthesis in Escherichia coli: isolation and genetic sorting. Four hundred temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated by the (3)H-glycerol-3-phosphate membrane suicide procedure of Cronan, Ray, and Vagelos and were sorted into 13 groups by the rapid mapping procedures of Low. Recombination and complementation studies on representative members of each group suggested that the ts mutations of all 13 groups are present in genetically different complementation groups. Biochemical studies suggested that 10 of these ts mutations affected cell membrane synthesis. In this paper, the genetic data are presented in detail so that the limits of the Low rapid mapping procedures can be assessed, and in an accompanying paper the partial biochemical characterization of the ts mutations is described.


Rapid mapping of conditional and auxotrophic mutations in Escherichia coli K-12. The approximate genetic map locations of auxotrophic and conditional lethal mutations of Escherichia coli can be rapidly determined with replica plating techniques. A set of patches of 15 streptomycin-sensitive (Str(S)) Hfr strains with points of origin distributed around the map is replica plated onto a recombinant-selective plate with a lawn of Str(R) cells which carry an unmapped mutation. The map interval defined by the Hfr points of origin which are closest to the mutant locus is seen by the presence or absence of heavy patches of recombinants produced by transfer of early wild-type genes from the Hfrs. An alternative method is to replicate patches of different mutant strains (100 per plate) onto Hfr lawns; in this case more than 1,000 different mutants can be mapped in a single experiment in a few days. In this way, many types of mutations with similar phenotypes can be grouped as to approximate location on the genetic map. For ordering mutations within groups, the same replica plating methods can be used to cross F-prime derivatives of mutants with other mutants of the same group. Relative merits of these and other mapping methods of E. coli are discussed.


Effect of halofenate and clofibrate on growth and lipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Halofenate-free acid (HFA) inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by 50% at a concentration of 0.34 mm. This inhibitory effect was prevented by addition of either oleate or acetate, but not by pyruvate. When cell growth was supported by oleate, HFA inhibited the incorporation of radioactive carbon from glucose-U-(14)C or pyruvate-2-(14)C into fatty acids and sterols. The incorporation of radioactive carbon into fatty acids and sterols from acetate-2-(14)C was unaffected by the compound. When cell growth was supported by either oleate or acetate, HFA inhibited the conversion of pyruvate-1-(14)C to (14)CO(2). These results suggest that HFA inhibits the conversion of pyruvate to acetate in yeast. Partially purified yeast pyruvate dehydrogenase was inhibited 50% by 5.5 mm HFA; however, the concentration required for 50% inhibition was considerably reduced when the enzyme was preincubated with the compound at room temperature. In a similar manner, the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate-free acid inhibited the growth of yeast by 50% at 3.0 mm. This inhibition was also prevented by acetate and not by pyruvate. In addition, clofibrate-free acid inhibited partially purified pyruvate dehydrogenase by 50% at a concentration of 37.0 mm.


Evidence for the existence of two arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activities in Escherichia coli. Two arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (EC 6.1.1.13, arginine: ribonucleic acid ligase adenosine monophosphate) activities were found in extracts of Escherichia coli strains AB1132 and NP2. The two arginyl-tRNA synthetase activities in extracts of strain AB1132 were found to be separable by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography, Sephadex column fractionation, and by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In addition, in the standard assay using extracts of strain AB1132 there were two pH optima for arginyl-tRNA synthetase activity. Furthermore, when arginyl-tRNA synthetase of strain NP2 was fractionated by hydroxylapatite column chromatography, two activities were observed which were similar to those of strain AB1132.


Involvement of the recB-recC nuclease (exonuclease V) in the process of x-ray-induced deoxyribonucleic acid degradation in radiosensitive strains of Escherichia coli K-12. The ras, polA, exrA, recA, and uvrD3 strains of Escherichia coli K-12 degrade their deoxyribonucleic acid more extensively than wild-type strains after X irradiation. The relationship of the recB-recC nuclease (exonuclease V) to the degradation process in these strains was determined by comparing the degradation response of the original strains with that of strains containing an additional recB21 or recC22 mutation. The initial rate of degradation in ras, polA12, exrA, and recA13 strains after an exposure of 20 to 30 kR was reduced more than 10-fold by the presence of an additional recB21 or recC22 mutation. The extent of degradation in these irradiated strains after 90 to 120 min of incubation was reduced two- to fivefold. In the uvrD3 strain, a recC22 mutation caused a fourfold decrease in initial degradation rate and reduced the extent of degradation after 90 min of incubation by a factor of 1.6. The results are consistent with the statement that the degradation process is normally dependent on exonuclease V activity. However, the observation that 10 to 30% degradation always occurred even in recB or recC strains, which lack this enzyme, suggests that alternative degradation mechanisms exist.


The 503-nm pigment of Escherichia coli B: characterization and nutritional conditions affecting its accumulation. Escherichia coli B was shown to contain a pigment with a single symmetrical absorption band at 503 nm, which cannot be attributed to a cytochrome. The absorption of tetrahydroporphyrin in vitro closely resembled that of P-503 in intact cells. The compounds which rendered P-503 colorless, such as cyanide, azide, hydrazine, thiocyanate, hydroxylamine, dithionite, sulfite, and methylcyanide, also rendered tetrahydroporphyrin colorless. The pigment was present when the cells were grown aerobically or anaerobically in glucose minimal medium, or aerobically in either lactate or succinate minimal medium, but the pigment was not found in cells grown in complex media or in minimal media supplemented with methionine. A model is presented to suggest the involvement of methionine in the conversion of coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin. A variety of evidence suggesting that the 503-nm chromophore is in kinetic equilibrium with flavoprotein is discussed. However, it is not a participant in main line respiration, as its rate of reduction upon exhaustion of oxygen was too slow, and the rate of respiration in resting-cell suspensions was independent of P-503 concentration.


Direct bonding of plastic brackets.

Direct bonding of plastic brackets.


Temperature-sensitive divisionless mutant of Bacillus subtilis defective in the initiation of septation. A temperature-sensitive divisionless mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168, tms-12, is shown to be defective in an early step in septum formation at the restrictive temperature. The nature of this defect has been studied by comparing the growth and composition of mutant and wild-type (tms-12(+)) cells at the restrictive (48 C) and permissive (34 C) temperatures. At 48 C, tms-12 cells grow as nonseptate, multinucleate filaments. Filamentation does not appear to be a result of alterations in properties of the cell wall, since the ratio of mucopeptide to teichoic acid, the autolytic activity, and the ability of the walls to protect cells against osmotic shock are comparable in tms-12 filaments and tms-12(+) bacilli grown at 48 C. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and the segregation of nucleoids also proceed normally during filamentation. The synthesis of membrane, however, is delayed during filamentation of tms-12. No gross alterations were observed in the protein or lipid composition of membranes isolated from mutant filaments. Septum formation resumes when filaments are returned to 34 C and appears to be associated with an increased synthesis of membrane. The occurrence of septa was monitored both by microscopic observation of cross walls and by assays of the number of viable protoplasts released from bacillary filaments upon removal of the cell wall. Septation recovery can be blocked by inhibitors of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis added during, but not after, the first 7 min of recovery at 34 C. By contrast, inhibition of deoxyribonucleic synthesis does not block recovery.


Effect of phosphate limitation on the morphology and wall composition of Bacillus licheniformis and its phosphoglucomutase-deficient mutants. Two very poorly lytic mutants of Bacillus licheniformis 6346 that had no teichuronic acid or glucose in their walls were phosphoglucomutase deficient. The walls of the mutants were less autolytic, and the lesion in the phosphoglucomutase gene and the formation of lytic amidase seemed to be interrelated. When phosphoglucomutase was regained or the effects of the deficiency were circumvented by the presence of galactose in the medium, the lytic enzyme was partially regained. When subjected to growth limitation by the supply of inorganic phosphate, the mutants ceased to make teichoic acid, and their walls contained a greatly increased proportion of mucopeptide. Under these conditions they formed irregular spheres which changed back to rods when inorganic phosphate was supplied. Both wall and protein synthesis were necessary for the changes in morphology. An intermediate crescent-shaped cell was formed in the change from sphere to a rod. The possible relationship of this morphological change to the distribution of biosynthetic sites is discussed.


The localization of the Australia antigen in the liver by immunofluorescence. The localization of Australia antigen in the liver by the fluorescent antibody technique (direct method) has been studied. Specific fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Two distribution patterns of fluorescent-positive cells, namely, a diffuse fluorescence in the liver lobules and a spotty distribution of fluorescent-positive cells, were observed.


Hydrolysis of casein: a differential aid for the indentification of Serratia marcescens. Through the hydrolysis of casein, a cultural characteristic has been established in the preliminary identification of Serratia marcescens. Compared against 438 strains of the families, Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, this organism has a reproducible capability to decompose casein, while most other Gram-negative bacilli failed to produce any hydrolysis, or, at the most, hazy zones only. Routine use has shown this to be a valuable differential aid in the identification of Serratia marcescens.


Characteristics of some co-trimoxazole-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from infected patients. Two isolates of Proteus mirabilis and four of Esch. coli which would not grow on commonly used commercial sensitivity test media are reported. These organisms appear to be resistant to co-trimoxazole, are exacting towards thymidine, and five of six were isolated from patients who had been treated with co-trimoxazole. A method for the detection of these strains is given and their significance in the laboratory and clinical practice discussed.


A simple, inexpensive semi-continuous or continuous culture apparatus.


Revascularization of the profunda femoris artery through the obturator foramen.


The porphyrias: a review.

The porphyrias: a review.


Bacterial reduction of arsenate in sea water.


Delay of parturition in the rat by anti-inflammatory agents which inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.


Aspirin and indomethacin prolong parturition in rats: evidence that prostaglandins contribute to expulsion of fetus.


Prehistoric man at Lake Mungo, Australia, by 32,000 years BP.


Pleistocene man in Australia: age and significance of the Mungo skeleton.


Convulsive properties of d-tubocurarine and cortical inhibition.


Electrochemical measurements of blood alcohol levels.


Active transport of lysergic acid diethylamide.


Professor James Norman Davidson.

Professor James Norman Davidson.


Principles of mechanical ventilation.

Principles of mechanical ventilation.


Difficulties of subgingival impression taking with elastomeric materials. IV.


Trial with amantadine in narcolepsy.

Trial with amantadine in narcolepsy.


Pimozide: an effective, once daily oral therapy for schizophrenia.


Enzymatic transplantation.

Enzymatic transplantation.


Alexander James Baird, M.A., M.B., Ch.B.


Influence of staging on the selection of therapy for carcinomas of the true pelvis.


Psychiatric problems of promiscuity.

Psychiatric problems of promiscuity.


Desonide, a potent nonfluorinated topical steroid, vasoconstriction assay and clinical trial.


Bilateral tubal pregnancy with an unusual complication.


In memoriam. William L. Macon, Jr., M.D., St. Louis, Missouri 1905-1973.


Cryptococcal peritonitis.

Cryptococcal peritonitis.


The treatment of esophageal varices in the patient with cirrhosis.


Mastectomy in the primary management of invasive mammary carcinoma.


Regression toward the mean in uncontrolled clinical studies.


Organ failure following surgery.

Organ failure following surgery.


Advice on heart transplants.

Advice on heart transplants.


Significance of perfusate lactic acidosis in cadaveric renal transplantation. Thirty-two human cadaver kidneys were assessed by continuous perfusion before transplantation. Altogether, 26 were transplanted. Ten kidneys functioned immediately, of which nine had excellent renal function at three months. Sixteen had delayed onset of function, of these only five had excellent function at three months. There was no difference in warm ischaemic interval between the two groups or in ice storage time. The immediate function group, however, were perfused for twice as long as the delayed function group. The two groups could not be separated on donor history, but they could be precisely separated during perfusion by measuring lactic acidosis and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). The biggest single difference between the groups was in terms of donor preparation.


Availability of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation.


Preservation of human kidneys for transplantation: preliminary results with a Gambro perfusion machine. Twenty-six human cadaveric kidneys have been preserved for up to 36 hours by continuous perfusion with 4.5% albumin solution on a Gambro machine. Of these, 20 kidneys were transplanted, and six were discarded owing to poor perfusion characteristics during storage. Immediate function was obtained with four kidneys, of which two had been preserved for over 30 hours.Satisfactory renal function has been obtained with 17 kidneys, and three kidneys were lost owing to rejection or technical complications. It is our experience that human kidneys can be successfully preserved for up to 36 hours by this technique.


R. H. O. B. Robinson.

R. H. O. B. Robinson.


Double-blind evaluation of verapamil, propranolol, and isosorbide dinitrate against a placebo in the treatment of angina pectoris. In the treatment of angina pectoris a double-blind evaluation of verapamil (Cordilox) at two dose levels-namely, 80 mg thrice daily and 120 mg thrice daily-propranolol (Inderal) 100 mg thrice daily, and isosorbide dinitrate (Vascardin) 20 mg thrice daily has been made against a placebo. The assessment was based on relief from daily attacks of angina on effort and the response to a whole-body exercise test. We can find no statistically significant difference between the effects of verapamil (120 mg three times a day) and propranolol (100 mg three times a day) in the treatment of angina of effort. Both of these preparations are more effective than a placebo both in the reduction of daily attacks (P < 0.01) and in the prolongation of exercise test (P < 0.05). Isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg three times a day) appears to be no more effective than a placebo in the treatment of angina on effort, but 14 out of 32 patients experienced headache of such severity that even when the dose was reduced to 10 mg thrice daily this drug therapy had to be withdrawn. Both propranolol (100 mg three times a day) and verapamil (120 mg three times a day) had a significant lowering effect on the diastolic blood pressure as measured with the patient standing (P < 0.01).


F. R. G. Heaf.

F. R. G. Heaf.


H. I. Coombs.

H. I. Coombs.


Mutations increasing the specificity of the sulphate permease in Aspergillus nidulans.


The osmosis of research: example of the Cort hookworm investigations.


Who's Who in the Canadian Medical Association.


Immunofluorescent staining of lung biopsy in fibrosing alveolitis. There is a group of lung diseases, as yet of unknown cause, which are characterized by a pathologic picture of alveolar wall fibrosis with an intra-alveolar exudate containing large cells. A case is reported with this clinicopathological picture in which immunofluorescent studies of the biopsied lung tissue revealed no tissue-bound immunoglobulins, complement component (beta(1) C) or fibrinogen. The literature on the immunofluorescent studies of biopsied lung tissue in this group of lung diseases is reviewed. The reports are scant and varied, making it impossible to conclude that autoallergic mechanisms are solely responsible as the pathogenetic mechanism in this group of lung diseases.


The use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of mood disorders. The use of lithium ions in the treatment of manic states is discussed. Lithium is possibly the only specific drug treatment presently available for the major psychoses and has met with enthusiasm in England, Scandinavia, Australia and, more recently, in Canada and the United States.A number of the published papers on the subject are not sufficiently comprehensive to provide guidance for even its empiric use; some lack the necessary controls and design to permit comparisons with other studies.Some clinicians with wide experience of lithium therapy do not maintain laboratory control of patients by ordering serum lithium determinations but rely entirely on clinical judgement in establishing drug schedules. This is not advised if one has little experience with lithium therapy because of the possible side effects and toxicity.


RNA conversion of lymphoid cells to synthesize allogeneic immunoglobulins in vivo.


Antigenic markers on mouse lymphoid cells: origin of cells mediating immunologic memory.


Is the practice of medicine an art? Some reflections on the physician who is also an artist (with illustrations of portraits by the author).


A replica plating technique for the study of plaque-forming centers.


Sculpture of the hand. A dramatization of anatomy.


On the origin of pandemic influenza viruses.


Paramyxovirus replication.

Paramyxovirus replication.


Reinforcement value of electrical brain stimulation in neonatal dogs.


Mucostatic technique for impression taking of the edentulous ridge.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. I. Passive immunity in newborn animals.


The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. VII. Maternal effects in sheep.


Electrical changes induced in rat adenohypophysial cells, in vivo, with hypothalamic extract.


Radiology of the pancreas.

Radiology of the pancreas.


Participation of the amygdala and of the cerebellum in the feedback effects of progesterone.


Prevention of pit and fissure caries. 2. Bonding of resin to enamel.


Candida and candidiasis. 2. Clinical manifestations and therapy of candidal disease.


Interaction between regions of the hypothalamus regulating hypophyseal gonadotropic function in female rats.


Unit responses of the turtle forebrain to visual stimuli.


Unit activity of raphe nuclei in the cat brainstem.


Common fungal diseases of the lungs. I. Coccidioidomycosis.


Common fungal diseases of the lungs. 3. Blastomycosis.


Common fungal diseases of the lungs. II. Histoplasmosis.


Projections of the auditory cortex to the neostriatum.


Correlation of physiologic findings with chest roentgenology.


The use of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of lung disease.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A review, emphasizing roentgen pathologic correlations.


Aspects of respiratory care pertinent to the radiologist.


An inherited blood group A variant in the Finnish population. I. Basic characteristics.


A dynamic study of drug resistance in populations of faced Escherichia coli from pigs fed Nitrovin and furazolidone continuously.


Significance of a Salmonella typhi murium infection in pe4nicillin-treated mice.


Gentamicin in the treatment of purulent meningitis in neonates and infants.


Growth of arboviruses in arthropod tissue culture.


Small DNA densonucleosis virus (DNV).

Small DNA densonucleosis virus (DNV).


Tobacco mosaic virus with emphasis on the events within the host cell following infection.


Lack of potentiation or synergism between histamine and pentagastrin in the fistula dog.


Effect of alloxan on islet tissue permeability: protection and reversal by sugars.


Learning disabilities: an overview.

Learning disabilities: an overview.


Long-term treatment of tardive dyskinesia with haloperidol and tetrabenazine.


Toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (albus). Isolates from patients with staphylococcic blepharoconjunctivitis.


Aqueous humor cytology in uveitis.

Aqueous humor cytology in uveitis.


Alex E. Krill, MD, 1928-1972.

Alex E. Krill, MD, 1928-1972.


The sinus node as a servomechanism.

The sinus node as a servomechanism.


Radiologic evaluation of splenic trauma.


Angiography, scanning, and hemodynamics in pulmonary embolism: critical review and correlations.


The thoracic duct: structural, functional, and radiologic aspects.


Dedifferentiation of iris epithelial cells.


An ultrastructural analysis of the developing embryonic pancreas.


Synthesis and accumulation of insulin in the fetal rat pancreas.


Phosphorylation of very-lysine-rich histone in Physarum polycephalum. Correlation with chromosome condensation.


Yeast chromatin. Preparation from isolated nuclei, histone composition and transcription capacity.


Iodoacetic-acid-resistant alcohol dehydrogenase of an Escherichia coli mutant.


Historical aspects of hysteroscopy.

Historical aspects of hysteroscopy.


Historical aspects of hysteroscopy. Commentary.


Obituary: Dr. K.M. Bhansali. Born 24th June 1914.


Air pollution research needs: herbaceous and ornamental plants and agriculturally generated pollutants.


Close linkage of the genes serC (for phosphohydroxy pyruvate transaminase) and serS (for seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase) in Escherichia coli K-12. Escherichia coli strain K28, isolated after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, was found to be auxotrophic for serine. It was also temperature sensitive for growth as a result of producing an altered seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (EC 6.1.1.11, l-serine: tRNA ligase [AMP]). The auxotrophy was caused by a mutation in the structural gene for phosphohydroxy-pyruvate transaminase (serC), which was distinct from, but closely linked to, the structural gene for seryl-tRNA synthetase (serS). We conclude that the relevant genes are in the order gal-serS-serC-aroA.


Isolation and characterization of a regulatory mutant of an aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in Escherichia coli K-12. From Escherichia coli strain K28, which is temperature sensitive for growth because of a mutation in its seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase gene (serS), temperature-resistant mutants were selected which were found to have a fivefold higher level of seryl-tRNA synthetase than the parent strain. The "high-level" character was found to be genetically stable and is due to a mutation in a locus denoted serO. This locus was found to be very closely linked to serS on the genetic map, and the relative gene order was concluded to be serS-serO-serC. In a serO(-) strain, the normal dependence of seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) activity on changes of exogenous serine concentration was not observed. In a stable heterozygous merodiploid, the serO(-) mutation is still expressed, i.e., it is cis dominant. These results strongly suggest that serO is an operator site involved in the control of the serS gene.


Taxonomy of marine bacteria: Beneckea parahaemolytica and Beneckea alginolytica. A collection of 169 strains, including 91 obtained from cases of gastroenteritis and 41 from localized tissue infections and infections of the eye and ear, was submitted to an extensive nutritional, physiological, and morphological characterization. The nutritional and physiological data obtained from these strains, as well as data for strains of other species of the genus Beneckea, were submitted to a numerical analysis which grouped the strains into clusters on the basis of phenotypic similarity. Strains from cases of gastroenteritis formed a group of three clusters which linked at a similarity value of 68%. These three clusters could not, however, be separated from each other by universally positive or negative traits, and on the basis of their overall phenotypic similarity were assigned to a single species, B. parahaemolytica. The majority of the strains from human, nonenteric sources segregated into two distinct clusters, one designated B. alginolytica and the other unassigned with respect to species (group C-2). B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 could be readily distinguished from one another as well as from the remaining species of the genus Beneckea by multiple, unrelated, phenotypic traits. Activities of selected enzymes of glucose and gluconate catabolism in cell-free extracts of B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 suggested that these organisms utilized glucose primarily via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and gluconate primarily via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Similar results were observed in the other members of the genus Beneckea.


Relationship between methionyl transfer ribonucleic acid cellular content and synthesis of methionine enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Derepression of some methionine biosynthetic enzymes (methionine group I enzymes) obtained in methionine limitation has been found to be accompanied by a significant lack of in vivo charging of bulk methionine transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA(Met)) and in addition by a decreased rate of synthesis of all tRNAs. Under the same conditions, methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MTS) was derepressed rather than repressed. These results are in agreement with those previously published based on studies of a mutant with an impaired MTS (5) and reinforce the idea that the rate of synthesis of methionine group I enzymes can be related to the total content of methionyl (Met)-tRNA (Met) per cell. They also render unlikely that MTS could be a constituent of the regulatory signal.


Relation between survival and deoxyribonucleic acid replication in ultraviolet-irradiated resistant and sensitive strains of Escherichia coli B-r. When arabinose-grown Escherichia coli B/r is ultraviolet (UV) irradiated in the logarithmic phase of growth, the dose inactivation curve for both colony formation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis (based on the relative rates of synthesis) is exponential in nature. When protein synthesis is inhibited before UV-irradiation, both inactivation curves have a large shoulder. Pre-irradiation inhibition of protein synthesis increases considerably the colony-forming ability of a UV-irradiated Hcr(-) and Rec(-) strain of E. coli B/r. However, with the repair-deficient strains, both the shoulder and slope of the survival curve are affected. We investigated the effect of UV irradiation on DNA synthesis in Hcr(-) bacteria and found that pre-irradiation inhibition of protein synthesis increases UV resistance of DNA replication in this strain also. The results suggest that inhibition of protein synthesis before irradiation increases UV resistance in E. coli B/r by a mechanism which is independent of both the excision and recombination repair systems.


Role of the translocation factor G in the regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis. In an Escherichia coli rel(+)arg strain (ES-2) which carries a temperature-sensitive "G factor," the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) continues at the nonpermissive temperature (42 C) even though protein synthesis is terminated. However, at 32 C, the strain exhibits a stringent control of RNA synthesis in the absence of arginine. The stringent control of RNA synthesis imposed by trimethoprim (an inhibitor of initiation of protein synthesis) at 32 C is released at the nonpermissive temperature. Even the diauxie lag in RNA synthesis, which is regulated independently of the allelic state of the rel gene, is overcome by inactivation of the G factor. The unusual guanosine nucleotide, guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2' or 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp), is produced in small amounts during growth in strain ES-2. Withdrawal of arginine results in a greater accumulation of this compound at 32 C. At 42 C, the synthesis of ppGpp is abolished and is considerably lower than the level found in ES-2 under normal growth conditions. These results indicate that the translocation factor G plays an important role in the regulation of RNA synthesis and in the synthesis of ppGpp.


Microcinematographic studies of Mycoplasma hominis cells. Cells of two strains of Mycoplasma hominis growing in liquid medium on a glass surface were observed continuously, and cinematographic pictures were taken. Most of the observed structures showed reversible changes of their shape, suggesting the presence of contractile material in membrane or cytoplasma. The frequency and speed of such variations were measured. The deformations seem to be related to multiplication. The mechanisms of these phenomena are unknown.


Action of yeast killer factor: a resistant mutant with sensitive spheroplasts. Yeast killer factor proteins bind to cells of both sensitive and killer-producing strains, although the latter are immune to killer action. Spheroplasts prepared from sensitive cells bind less than 1% of the killer bound to whole cells, but remain fully sensitive to killer. This finding and those obtained from binding studies of partially purified, radioactive killer protein suggest that most of the toxins remain bound to the yeast cell wall and do not function further in the killing process. A killer-resistant mutant R(18) was isolated from a sensitive strain. Whole cells of the mutant were unable to bind killer and were fully resistant. In contrast, spheroplasts of R(18) were fully sensitive to killer. These data suggest that the sites exposed to killer in spheroplasts are distinct from those on the cell wall. These wall sites appear to be necessary for killer action in whole cells.


Polynucleotide phosphorylase has a role in growth of Escherichia coli. Mutants having low levels of polynucleotide phosphorylase activity grow poorly at 45 C. All revertants isolated for their ability to grow better at that temperature also regained higher levels of polynucleotide phosphorylase and the ability to be induced for tryptophanase. Thus, a physiological role is implied for the enzyme polynculeotide phosphorylase.


Resolution of the nitrate reductase complex from the membrane of Escherichia coli. A procedure has been developed whereby the components of the nitrate reductase complex from the membrane of Escherichia coli can be extracted by means of a nonionic detergent and separated from each other as discrete elements in an active form. It is not yet clear whether these are the dissociated enzymatic elements or whether they are fragments containing other membrane proteins. In any case, they appeared nearly lipid-free and still active.


Genetic fine structure of the leucine operon of Escherichia coli K-12. The order of mutational sites in 10 independently isolated leucine auxotrophys of Escherichia coli K-12 was determined by three-point reciprocal transductions. The sites of mutation mapped in linear sequence in a cluster; all leucine auxotrophic mutations were cotransducible with mutations in the arabinose operon. The mutations were assigned to four complementation groups by abortive transduction tests, designated D, C, B, and A, reading in a clockwise direction from the arabinose operon. Enzyme analyses showed that strains with a mutation in gene A lacked alpha-isopropylmalate synthetase activity (EC 4.1.3), and those with a mutation in gene B lacked beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1). It is concluded that the gross structure of the leucine operon in E. coli is closely similar to, if not identical with, the gross structure of the leucine operon in Salmonella typhimurium.


Respiration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain 109J and its energy substrates for intraperiplasmic growth. Measurements of oxidation rates, respiratory quotients (RQ), and release of (14)CO(2) from uniformly labeled substrates showed that glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and synthetic and natural amino acid mixtures are oxidized by suspensions of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain 109J. The oxidation of these substrates largely suppress the endogenous respiration of the Bdellovibrio cells and may or may not cause a small increase, 20 to 50%, in their rate of oxygen consumption. The failure of respired substrates to increase markedly the respiration rate of the Bdellovibrio cells over the endogenous value is discussed. Carbon from these substrates is incorporated into the Bdellovibrio cells during oxidation. Acetate is also oxidized, but its oxidation inhibits endogenous respiration by only about 40% and no acetate is assimilated. The RQ of the Bdellovibrio cells changes from a value characteristic of endogenous respiration to that characteristic of the oxidation of glutamate or of a balanced amino mixture very shortly after the attack of the Bdellovibrio cells on their prey, and the latter RQ is maintained during intraperiplasmic growth. Glutamate, or a mixture of amino acids in the external environment, contributes to the carbon dioxide produced by the Bdellovibrio cells growing intraperiplasmically. It is concluded from these data that amino acids, derived from the breakdown of the protein of the prey, serve as a major energy source during intraperiplasmic growth of B. bacteriovorus 108J. Insofar as they were tested, B. bacteriovorus strains 109D and A. 3. 12 were similar in respiration to strain 109J.


Macromolecular synthesis during the germanation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores. After the dormancy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores had been broken, the synthesis of proteins was observed first, followed rapidly by synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and much later by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Phosphoglucomutase activity increased in a periodic (step) fashion, whereas the activity of five other enzymes increased linearly during germination and outgrowth. The rate of synthesis of these enzymes was highest at about the period of DNA replication. The amino acid pools of dormant spores contained high levels of proline, glutamic acid, and histidine. At 2 h after onset of germination, the pools of phenylalanine and methionine had disappeared and the other components had decreased significantly. By 3.5 h, with the exception of proline and cystine, most amino acid pool components had significantly increased.


Evidence for an extrakaryotic mutation affecting the maintenance of the rho factor in yeast. A newly isolated, temperature-sensitive mutant of a haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. Its shift to nonpermissive temperature (35 C) resulted in an irreversible change to rho(-), causing, within four to six generations, more than 90% of the cells to form petite colonies. Genetic analysis revealed extrakaryotic inheritance of this temperature-sensitive mutation. Data presented indicate mutation of a gene in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid affecting the maintenance of the rho factor.


Bacterial cell division regulation: lysogenization of conditional cell division lon -  mutants of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage. The lon(-) mutants of Escherichia coli grow apparently normally except that, after temporary periods of inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, septum formation is specifically inhibited. Under these conditions, long, multinucleate, nonseptate filaments result. The lon(-) mutation also creates a defect such that wild-type bacteriophage lambda fails to lysogenize lon(-) mutants efficiently and consequently forms clear plaques on a lon(-) host. Two lines of evidence suggest that this failure probably results from interference with expression of the lambdacI gene, which codes for repressor, or with repressor action:-(i) when a lon(-) mutant was infected with a lambdacII, cIII, or c Y mutant, there was an additive effect between the lon(-) mutation and the lambdac mutations upon reduction of lysogenization frequency; and (ii) lon(-) mutants permitted the growth of the lambdacro(-) mutant under conditions in which the repressor was active. The isolation of lambda mutants (lambdatp) which gained the ability to form turbid plaques on lon(-) cells is also reported.


Isolation and characterization of thermosensitive Escherichia coli mutants defective in deoxyribonucleic acid replication. Thermosensitive deoxyribonucleic acid replication-defective mutants have been isolated by using an autoradiographic selection method. The mutants have been analyzed genetically and biochemically. Some of the mutants show thermosensitivity of in vitro deoxyribonucleic acid replication. These can be classified into three groups according to their behavior in in vitro complementation assays. This classification is congruent with that obtained by genetic mapping by using cotransduction frequencies with selected markers in P1 transduction analysis.


Involvement of threonine deaminase in repression of the isoleucine-valine and leucine pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. l-Threonine deaminase (l-threonine dehydratase [deaminating], EC 4.2.2.16) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of three of the enzymes of isoleucine-valine biosynthesis in yeast. Mutations affecting the affinity of the enzyme for isoleucine also affected the repression of acetohydroxyacid synthase, dihydroxyacid dehydrase, and reductoisomerase. The data indicate that isoleucine must be bound for effective repression of these enzymes to take place. In a strain with a nonsense mutation midway in liv 1, the gene for threonine deaminase, starvation for isoleucine or valine did not lead to derepression of the three enzymes; starvation for leucine did. The effect of the nonsense mutation is recessive; it is tentatively concluded, therefore, that intact threonine deaminase is required for derepression by two of the effectors for multivalent repression, but not by the third. A model is presented which proposes that a regulatory species of leu tRNA(leu) is the key intermediate for repression and that threonine deaminase is a positive element, regulating the available pool of charged leu tRNA by binding it.


Control of arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: role of arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in repression. The physiological role of arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (Arg-tRNA) synthetase (E.C. 6.1.1.13, arginine: RNA ligase adenosine monophosphate) in repression of arginine biosynthetic enzymes was examined. Mutants with nonrepressible synthesis of arginine biosynthetic enzymes were isolated from various strains of Escherichia coli by resistance to growth inhibition by canavanine, an arginine analogue. These mutants possessed reduced Arg-tRNA synthetase activities which were qualitatively different from the synthetase activity of the wild type. The mutant enzymes exhibited turnover in vivo and were less stable in vitro than the wild type at both 4 C and 40 C; they possessed different affinities for both arginine and canavanine as measured by the three common assay systems for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Furthermore, in one case it was shown that (i) the mutant possesed unaltered uptake of arginine, and (ii) that the mutant possessed diminished ability to incorporate canavanine into proteins and to attach canavanine to tRNA. These observations suggested that the mutation to canavanine resistance involved a structural change in Arg-tRNA synthetase. Likewise, the results of genetic experiments suggested that the mutants differed from the wild-type strain at only one locus, and that this lies in the region of the chromosomes that includes a structural gene for Arg-tRNA synthetase. It appears that Arg-tRNA synthetase may be involved in some way in repression by arginine of its own biosynthetic enzymes.


Control of arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: characterization of arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase mutants. The arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (Arg-tRNA) synthetase (EC 6.1.1.13, arginine: RNA ligase adenosine monophosphate) mutants, exhibiting nonrepressible synthesis of arginine by exogenous arginine, were employed in studies of several biochemical properties. Two of these mutants possessed Arg-tRNA synthetases with a reduced affinity for arginine, and this enzyme of another mutant had a reduced affinity for arginine-tRNA (tRNA(arg)). The mutant possessing an Arg-tRNA synthetase with an altered K(m) for tRNA(arg) was found to have reduced in vivo aminoacylation of two of the five isoaccepting species of tRNA(arg) and complete absence of aminoacylation of one of the isoaccepting species.


Fine structure of Cryptococcus neoformans grown in vivo as observed by freeze-etching. Cryptococcus neoformans grown in the parasitic state was observed by the freeze-etching technique and was compared with that grown on culture media. Unlike other yeasts, this organism grown in vivo is very often devoid of the "ordinary" invaginations. The membrane of the cell grown in vivo was almost free from concavity and convexity except for many round depressions which represent the surface view of paramural bodies. Some of the paramural bodies were found to be multivesicular systems. Most were spherical invaginations containing a single vesicle or its ghost remaining after secretion of the vesicles. In clear contrast to the cell grown in vitro, the in vivo cell contained a great number of vesicles in the cytoplasm. These seemed to show high-secretion activity in C. neoformans grown in the parasitic state. On transfer from in vitro to in vivo, this organism enlarged the cell wall, capsule, and cell body. The appearance of a large vacuole, accumulation of storage organelles, and the existence of rodlike structures, seemingly lipid deposits, were also noted in the cytoplasm of the cell grown in vivo. the meaning of these results as well as the mode of capsular production are discussed.


Amino terminal sequence of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain of Serratia marcescens. The sequence of the amino terminal 28 residues of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain of Serratia marcescens is presented and compared with the related sequences of alpha chains of other bacteria.


The culture of dissociated cells from rat cerebral cortex.


The effects of metabolic inhibitors on cultured rat heart cells.


Fluidity of the surface of cultured muscle fibers. Rapid lateral diffusion of marked surface antigens. Fluorescent antibody fragments of anti-muscle plasma membrane antibody bound as small fluorescent spots when applied by micropipetting to cultured myotubes. The spots were observed to enlarge with time. The rate of enlargement of fluorescent spots was greater when fragments were applied than when divalent antibody was used. It was also greater at 23 degrees -25 degrees C than at 0 degrees -4 degrees C. With glutaraldehyde-fixed cells no increase in the size of the spots was seen. The observations are consistent with the spread of fluorescent spots due to diffusion of surface protein antigens within the plane of a fluid membrane. From measurements of spot size against time, a diffusion constant of 1-3 x 10(-9) cm(2) s(-1) can be calculated for muscle plasma membrane proteins of mol wt approximately 200,000. This value is consistent with other observations on the diffusion of surface antigens and of labeled lipid molecules in synthetic and natural membranes.


Electron microscope autoradiographic detection of sites of protein synthesis in the rabbit retina Müller cells. Rabbit retinas were incubated in medium containing 500 microCi of [(3)H]leucine for 3 min, and transferred to medium without isotope for another 7, 17, 37, 57, and 117 min. Retinal pieces were fixed in paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. Thin sections were autoradiographed with Ilford L4 emulsion, and a quantitative study of silver grain distribution per Müller cell portion, and per Müller cell organelle, was carried out. Grain density per unit area was high over the middle cell portion at each incubation interval. Silver grains were numerous over background cytoplasm (which comprised free ribosomes) but their percentage was constant at all times and their relative concentration low. Silver grains were numerous and highly concentrated, at pulse incubation, over the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and then decreased sharply, but this decline coincided with an increase over the Golgi complex, peaking at 20 min. Another peak appeared over the cell periphery at 60 min. These findings suggest the simultaneous synthesis of two types of proteins in Müller cells; structural proteins in background cytoplasm and proteins of secretory type in the RER.


Lysergic acid diethylamide and serotonin: direct actions on serotonin-containing neurons in rat brain.


Adrenergic agonists and antagonists and feeding in sheep and cattle.


The effect of lithium carbonate on self-stimulating behavior in the rat.


Changes in LH levels in the internal jugular vein following intracarotid injection of purified LH-releasing factor in spayed rats.


Rudolph M, Lowenstein. An appreciation.

Rudolph M, Lowenstein. An appreciation.


The theory of multi-stationary state transitions and biosynthetic control processes.


Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. I. A review of present data.


Antinuclear and smooth muscle antibodies in chronic hepatitis.


Fixation of tissue by formaldehyde vapor during centrifugation; a means for enhancing morphological visibility by cellular flattening.


Obtaining flat mounts of epithelial sheets by use of methyl 2-cyanoacrylate as an adhesive.


Conway Zirkle. 1895-1972.

Conway Zirkle. 1895-1972.


Washing apparatus for freeze-etch replica fragments.


Casting epon slides containing serial 3-5 millimicron sections for scanning prior to electron microscopy.


Fibrinolytic acivity in lung tissue from neonates with hyaline membrane disease.


A girl with recurrent infections, low IgM and an abnormal chromosome number 1.


Background of the development of the work in isolating interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (luteinizing hormone) and follicle-stimulating hormone. The background of the development of the work in isolating interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) involved their isolation and purification.  Ovine ICSH is a reversible dimer with monomeric molecular weight of 16,000 and consists of 2 subunits alpha and beta, each of which are individually inactive.   The immunologic and biologic activity reside in the beta-subunit.  The amino acid seuqences of ICSH-alpha and ICSH-beta are presented.  The work on FSH is still in progress.


Vascular anatomy of the uterus and ovaries and the unilateral luteolytic effect of the uterus: horses, sheep, and swine.


Isolations of bovine syncytial virus from maternal and fetal blood.


Pathology of chronic alkylmercurial poisoning in swine.


Tetracycline-resistance in Escherichia coli; a genetic contribution.


The metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols by Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Typing of Salmonella weltevreden strains by means of lysis patterns of symbiotic phages.


Effects of calcium and magnesium ions and host viability on growth of bdellovibrios.


The significance of hydrocarbon assimilation in yeast identification.


Nuclease-coated bacteriophage: a sensitive tool for studying antigenic reactivity of synthetic sequence fragments.


Ventilation-perfusion relationships and gas exchange.


The interaction of guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 2' (3')-diphosphate with the bacterial elongation factor Tu.


Evaluation of laboratory tests proposed as aids for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.


The IgM FTA test for syphilis in the newborn.


X-ray inactivation of the Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase in aqueous solution. I. Studies on binding and substrate concentration dependence in the inactivation of enzymatic activity.


Direct fluorescent antibody tests for the diagnosis of mycotic diseases.


Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions.


X-ray inactivation of the Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase in aqueous solution. II. Studies on initiation and fidelity of transcription.


Actions of aurintricarboxylate, kasugamycin, and pactamycin on Escherichia coli polysomes.


Developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination. Preferential charging of cotton chloroplastic transfer ribonucleic acid by Escherichia coli enzymes.


Substructure of paramyosin. Correlation of helix stability, trypsin digestion kinetics, and amino acid composition.


Properties of initiation-free polysomes of Escherichia coli.


Studies on the "hinge" region of myosin.


The post-natal changes in the circulating free amino acid pool in the newborn infant. 4. The relationship between the changes of the plasma amino acid ratio,  -amino-n, free fatty acid and blood glucose concentration after birth.


Localization of  -fetoprotein in fetal and newborn rabbits.


Obituary. Prof. dr. Zbigniew Kozar (1918-1972).


Prenatal prediction in myotonic dystrophy: guidelines for genetic counseling.


Directed changes in the pattern of Balbiani ring puffing in Chironomus: effects of a sugar treatment.


Clofibrate in the treatment and prevention of ischaemic heart disease: recent trials.


Cosaldon for vascular disorders?

Cosaldon for vascular disorders?


On the distribution and release of gastrin.


Regulation of small intestinal protein metabolism.


The history of granulomatous colitis.

The history of granulomatous colitis.


Physician, read thyself: a literary view of medicine.


Bacterial endocarditis: the need for early diagnosis.


Chemotherapy of cancer--25 years of progress.


Current thinking in Hodgkin's disease. Introduction.


Muco-epidermoid carcinoma of cervical trachea.


Functional ambulation in patients with myelomeningocele.


Establishment of lymphocytoid cell lines in relation to number of leukocytes, surface area of monolayer formation, and feeding procedures.


Acute candida arthritis. Report of a case and use of amphotericin B.


Use of an organic buffer (HEPES) in human lymphocytoid cell line cultures.


Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia-treatment by tibial lengthening and corrective osteotomy seven years after successful bone graft. A case report.


Allograft replacement of all or part of the end of a long bone following excision of a tumor.


Growth and fine structure of monolayers derived from adult rat adenohypophyseal cell suspensions.


Severe infections following pudendal block anesthesia: need for orthopaedic awareness.


Towards a practical fail-safe system of managing poikilothermic vertebrate cell lines in culture.


Letter to the editor: historical relationships between America and mainland China, with particular reference to the subject of orthopaedic surgery.


Subtotal resection and grafting in selected cases of solitary unicameral bone cyst.


Total hip replacement failures. A histological evaluation.


Evaluation of self-instruction mini-course.


Antigenicity of C 3 H mammary carcinoma in isogenetic hosts: preliminary studies.


John Beauregard Johnson, M.D., D.Sc., F.A.C.P., 1908-1972.


The undescended head.

The undescended head.


Brocresine in Parkinson's disease. Action of a peripheral and central decarboxylase inhibitor in potentiating levodopa. Brocresine, an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor with both a peripheral and central action was shown to potentiate the therapeutic effect of levodopa in Parkinson's disease. The search for useful decarboxylase inhibitors therefore need not be limited to agents that do not pass the blood/brain barrier.


Spinal cord blood flow in dogs. 1. The 'normal' flow. The spinal cord blood flow has been measured in anaesthetized dogs using an inert radioactive gas ((133)Xenon) clearance technique. The (133)Xe was placed in the cord by direct injection. This study has demonstrated that the flows obtained from the white matter are reproducible and that there is little variation in blood flow in the white matter between different thoracolumbar segments in the same dog. No difference was found in blood flow between dogs anaesthetized with halothane, trichlorethylene, or pentobarbitone.


Electromyographic study of the rigidospasticity of athetosis. The static and dynamic components of the tonic stretch reflex and shortening reactions have been studied in 10 patients with athetosis. EMG activity could be recorded only from the biceps muscle when the patient was at rest. The dynamic stretch reflex increased with the velocity of stretching in all muscles examined except the biceps. The biceps stretch reflex was found to be inhibited by increasing muscle length, whereas the stretch reflexes of triceps, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscles were facilitated by increasing muscle length. Reinforcement increased resting activity in the biceps and the dynamic shortening reaction of the triceps muscle. Both these effects were suppressed by the action of phenoxybenzamine. Although phenoxybenzamine was shown to reduce muscle tone in a double-blind controlled trial, no corresponding improvement was detected in involuntary movements or the patients' performance in a tracking test. The differences between the pattern of hypertonus in athetosis, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, and activated normal subjects are presented in discussion.


Microbiological determination of drug partitioning. II. Functional dependence of partition coefficient on drug concentration.


Chemical and biological studies on 1,2-dihydro-s-triazines. 18. Synthesis of 1-(5,6- and 5,7-dichloro-2-naphthyl) derivatives and related compounds as candidate antimalarial and antitumor agents.


Synthesis and antifungal activity of polyhalophenyl esters of p-sulfamoylcarbanilic acid.


Synthesis and biological activity of 1,5-diphenyl-4-arylazopyrazoles and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2,3-trione bishydrazones.


The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics.


A study of some factors associated with denture retention.


The management of gross alveolar resorption.


Clasp design for extension-base removable partial dentures.


Physical properties vs. clinical performance of pure gold restorations.


The College goes west.

The College goes west.


Ocular prosthesis: a physiologic system.


The history of the college library: George Edwards library keeper.


Sir George Baker.

Sir George Baker.


Oxygen dynamics in a static membrane oxygenator for organ preservation.


Preservation of the myocardium by means of cold physiological solutions, as assessed by ventricular function, histochemistry and birefringence.


Functional preservation of the mammalian kidney. I. Normothermia, low-flow perfusion.


Involvement of a tryptophan residue in the assembly of bacteriophages  80 and lambda. The assembly of infective particles of bacteriophages lambda and phi80 from heads and tails was found to be inhibited by l-tryptophan and some of its analogues, most notably tryptamine. Both the rate of assembly and the final yield of phage were inhibited. The amino acid l-phenylalanine had a slight inhibitory effect, whereas all other amino acids found in proteins were ineffective. Evidence was presented to show that the binding of heads to tails was the affected process in the assay for assembly of infective units. The plaque-forming ability of preassembled phage was not affected by these inhibitors. Results of three different types of experiments suggest that inhibition is due to interaction of inhibitors with the head substructure. The assembly reaction is highly dependent on pH, ionic strength, and the presence of detergents.


Identification of the block in the intracellular replication of single-stranded DNA of photodynamically inactivated bacteriophage phi X174. (32)P-labeled single-stranded DNA phage phiX174 was photodynamically inactivated by irradiation in air with visible light in the presence of the acridine dye, proflavine sulfate. The inactivated phages could adsorb to the host cells but failed to lyse them. Formation of intracellular mature phages was almost completely inhibited. Photodynamic lesions in phiX174 DNA caused intracellular formation of defective double-stranded replicative form molecules which ultimately reverted to the single-stranded configuration.


Mapping of new Escherichia coli K and 15 restriction sites on specific fragments of bacteriophage phi X174. We have isolated several new phiX174 mutants which contain sites sensitive to restriction by Escherichia coli. One contains an E. coli 15 restriction site and three are double mutants containing an E. coli K site as well as the E. coli 15 site. The replicative form (RF) DNA of one of the mutants containing a K site has been shown to be restricted in spheroplasts of a K-12 strain. The infectivity of this RF, but not wild-type RF, has also been shown to be inactivated by an E. coli K extract and by purified K restriction enzyme in vitro. The product of the RF treated with purified K restriction enzyme in vitro is a full length linear molecule. The mutant sites have also been localized to specific regions of the phiX174 genome by a fragment mapping technique, making use of specific fragments of phiX174 RF DNA obtained by digestion with a specific endonuclease.


Emphysema in apparently healthy adults. Smoking, age, and sex.


Growth of bacteriophage H on male and female strains of Escherichia coli. Phage H propagated on Yersinia pestis was reported by Molnar and Lawton to be rapidly adsorbed to female but not to male strains of Escherichia coli. In contrast, we find phage H adsorbs to all E. coli strains tested (both male and female) and forms plaques on a wide variety of male strains. Phage H appears to be related to the T3-T7 group of coliphages.


Governmental liability for negligent treatment. 3.


Bacteriophage T4 inhibits colicin E2-induced degradation of Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid. II. Inhibition by T4 ghosts and by T4 in the absence of protein synthesis. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Escherichia coli B is converted by colicin E2 to products soluble in cold trichloroacetic acid; we showed previously that this DNA degradation (hereafter termed solubilization) is subject to inhibition by infection with phage T4 and that at least two modes of inhibition can be differentiated on the basis of their sensitivity to chloramphenicol (CM). This report deals exclusively with the inhibition of E2 produced by T4, or T4 ghosts, in the absence of protein synthesis. The following observations are described. (i) The stage of T4 infection that inhibits E2 occurs after reversible adsorption of the phage to the bacterial surface, but probably prior to injection of T4 DNA into the cell's interior. (ii) The extent of inhibition increases as the T4 multiplicity is increased; however, the fraction of bacterial DNA that eventually is solubilized is virtually independent of the phage multiplicity. (iii) Phage ghosts (DNA-less phage particles) possess an approximately 15-fold greater inhibitory capacity toward E2 than do intact phage; however, because highly purified T4 (completely freed of ghost contamination) still inhibit E2, we discount the possibility that preparations of "intact phage" inhibit exclusively by virtue of contaminating ghosts. (iv) T4 infection does not liberate an extracellular inactivator of E2. In fact, infection with sufficiently high multiplicities of T4 produces a supernatant factor that protects E2 from nonspecific inactivation at 37 C. This protective factor does not interfere with the colicin's ability to induce DNA solubilization. (v) Inhibition of E2 occurs even when phage are added well after initiation of DNA solubilization by E2, suggesting that a late stage of E2 action is the target of inhibition by T4 infection. (vi) Increasing the CM concentration from 50 mug/ml to 200 mug/ml appears to reduce the inhibition appreciably; however, this can be attributed to an enhancement by CM of the rate of E2-induced DNA solubilization. (vii) The same degree of inhibition of E2 by T4 seen in CM is observed when CM is replaced by puromycin or rifampin. (viii) Others have shown that raising the multiplicity of E2 increases the rate of DNA solubilization. We find that the fractional inhibition (i), [i = (1 - y(i)/y(o)), where y(i) and y(o) represent the inhibited and uninhibited rates of solubilization of DNA, respectively], produced by a given T4 multiplicity is independent of the multiplicity of E2 and hence is independent of the rate of DNA solubilization induced by E2.


The differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemias.


Sideroblastic anemias. An approach to diagnosis and management.


The spectrum of myeloproliferative disorders.


Lysozyme in leukemia.

Lysozyme in leukemia.


Principles of hematologic supportive care.


Staging of Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma. Diagnostic procedures including staging laparotomy and splenectomy.


Diagnosis of hemorrhagic disorders.

Diagnosis of hemorrhagic disorders.


Electron microscopy and histochemistry of canalicular differentiation in fetal and neonatal rat liver.


The fine structure of the smooth muscle in the hypobranchial gland of the gastropod Buccinum undatum L.


Giant mitochondria in Schwann cells of bovine splenic nerve.


The New York Academy of Sciences. New members.


Immunofluorescent study of placental bed vessels in pre-eclampsia of pregnancy.


Copper determination and localization in different morphologic components of human endometrium during the menstrual cycle in copper intrauterine contraceptive device wearers. Comparisons were made of endometrial biopsies performed at random during the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle and after different periods of use on women wearing TCU-120 sq.mm IUD devices, users of plain T devices (minus Cu), and patients  without IUDs to determine the localization of Cu delivered by the IUD and the leukocytic infiltration rate.  Cu was found to localize in the secretory vacuoles of the endometrial epithelial cells during the progestational phase and was absent during the estrogenic phase indicating that a rise in Cu concentration is progesterone-dependent.  No Cu was detected 7 or more days after extraction of the device.  No increase in leukocytic infiltration was found in TCU-120 sq.mm device wearers suggesting that the contraceptive mechanism of Cu is not related to leukocyte concentration.


Edward Delos Churchill: 1895-1972.

Edward Delos Churchill: 1895-1972.


Phospholipid metabolism.

Phospholipid metabolism.


DNA-protein interactions.

DNA-protein interactions.


Enzymic phosphoryl group transfer.

Enzymic phosphoryl group transfer.


DNA replication.

DNA replication.


Structure and function of the bacterial ribosome.


Membrane transport.

Membrane transport.


Clone size distribution among haploid yeast segregants carrying a UV-induced recessive lethal mutation.


Biochemical effects of mercury, cadmium, and lead.


Inhibition of transfer ribonucleic acid methylating enzymes by cytotoxic analogs of adenosine.


Microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases: on their role in polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis and toxicity and the mechanism of enzyme induction.


Biological hydroxylation reactions.

Biological hydroxylation reactions.


The binding of metyrapone to cytochrome P-450 and its inhibitory action on microsomal hepatic mixed function oxidation reactions.


Search for mitochondrial DNA sequences in chick nuclear DNA.


Double-strand scission of DNA involved in thymineless death of Escherichia coli 15 TAU.


Studies on aspartyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast. I. Purification and properties of the enzyme.


Mode of action of N-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethane on the elongation protein-synthesizing S 3  factor from Bacillus stearothermophilus.


Physical reconstitution of 23 S RNA-50 S protein complexes from Escherichia coli.


Plasmodium berghei: relationship between protective immunity and anti-sporozoite (CSP) antibody in mice.


Nematospiroides dubius: exsheathment of infective juveniles.


Quantitative studies on trypanosomes in tsetse tissue culture.


Trypanosoma lewisi: termination of pregnancy in the infected rat.


Influence of sulfalene upon gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum and subsequent infection patterns in Anopheles stephensi.


Genetic control of host responses to endotoxin. Two pathophysiological effects of endotoxin in mice have been shown to be under the major influence of polygenic inheritance. The first, endotoxemia, was measured by LD(50) assays on hybrids and backcross hybrids of the resistant C(3)H/HeJ and the susceptible A/HJe strains. The LD(50) values of the F1 hybrids and the backcross hybrids were intermediate between the respective parental types. The second effect, the intraperitoneal extravascular leukocyte response to small doses of endotoxin, also was found to follow characteristic patterns of polygenic inheritance. As estimated from an analysis of the variance of mice of the F1 and F2 generations, the degree of genetic determination is approximately 54% for the neutrophil response and 82% for the monuclear response.


Factors affecting virulence of Shigella flexneri: strain with relaxed control of ribonucleic acid synthesis. An Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri hybrid strain which produces an abortive, nonfatal experimental dysentery has inherited relaxed control of ribonucleic acid synthesis from its E. coli parent. This property, coupled with a partial methionine requirement, has been used to explain its long lag phase in vitro, relative to its Shigella parent. It was suggested that such characteristics may contribute to the hybrid's poor survival in the gut resulting in the abortive infection.


Antiglobulins in endocarditis.

Antiglobulins in endocarditis. Twenty-five patients with endocarditis and serum antiglobulin activity were studied. The antiglobulins were detected by use of the latex agglutination reaction; only eight sera reacted with sensitized sheep cells and one with human O CD erythrocytes coated with anti-CD (Ripley) antibody. Absorption of the sera with the infecting organisms produced a decrease in antiglobulin activity in 10 of these sera. Absorption with other reference bacteria did not lower the titer of latex agglutination in 9 of 10 of these sera. No inhibition of antiglobulin activity by autologous immunoglobulin G was demonstrable. These findings suggest that some antiglobulins interact with the immunoglobulin G-bacterial complex and are analogous to anti-antibodies.


Degree of immunity induced by killed vaccines to experimental salmonellosis in mice. Killed vaccines, deoxycholate-extracted or heated, were shown to induce an effective degree of immunity which protected against death (100%), prevented extensive multiplication, and left the mice with low residual salmonella populations in spleen and liver after intravenous (iv) or intraperitoneal (ip) challenge with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. Protection was most effective against the ip challenge route and less effective against the iv route. A study of the kinetics of the population of bacteria in the spleens and livers of immunized animals showed that after ip challenge there was an initial reduction of 99% at 6 hr after challenge, maintenance of levels of less than 10(3) bacteria per organ, and a final population of 10(2) to 10(3) per organ at 21 days. With iv challenge, after an initial reduction of 90% at 6 hr, growth ensued to levels above 10(6) bacteria per organ until 8 days, followed by a steady decline yielding residual populations of 10(3) to 10(4) in some cases. Organ hypertrophy correlated with bacterial population. Morbidity was prevented (as measured by gain in body weight) by immunization against ip challenge but not against iv challenge. Killed vaccines protected by their ability to induce an immune state which reduced the initial challenge population, prevented extensive multiplication, yet allowed "cellular immunity" to develop due to response to the living challenge infection itself. The consequence was a low-level carrier state similar to that induced by recovery from sublethal virulent infection.


Glaucoma.

Glaucoma.


Immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans soluble polysaccharide. I. Serological assay for antigen and antibody. Chromium chloride was used as a coupling agent for the conjugation of purified cryptococcal polysaccharide to sheep erythrocytes. Sensitized erythrocytes were used in a passive hemagglutination (PHA) assay for antibody to cryptococcal polysaccharide and a passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHI) assay for antigen. The PHA assay was more sensitive than complement fixation, agglutination, or precipitation tests for antibody. The PHI assay could detect submicrogram quantities of soluble polysaccharide. Antigen or antibody could be detected in serum or spinal fluid from seven of eight patients with cryptococcosis. Tests for antigen or antibody were negative with sera from patients with histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis, or allescheriosis. A low frequency (3%) of positive reactors for antibody was found among sera from normal persons and from persons with unrelated diseases; whereas, all tests for antigen were negative. The assay showed a high degree of sensitivity for immunoglobulins of the immunoglobulin M class; however, cryptococcal antibody of the immunoglobulin G class was also detected. The immunological specificity of the polysaccharide preparation was due to carbohydrate rather than to protein associated with the polysaccharide.


Tissue culture of human retinal pigment epithelium.


An apparent algesic effect of meprobamate.


Specific inhibition by macrocyclic polyethers of mitochondrial electron transport at site I.


Proton-coupled beta-galactoside translocation in non-metabolizing Escherichia coli.


Thiothixene in the treatment of mixed anxiety and depression.


A. Kirkpatrick Maxwell: an illustrated appreciation.


Three panels from an IMBI associateship.


Prevention of dry socket by local application of lincomycin in Gelfoam.


Oral manifestations in primary hyperoxaluria and oxalosis. Report of a case.


The effect of antibiotics on Escherichia coli ingested by macrophages.


Surface properties of cells of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus grown at 37 degrees C.


Serological studies of enzyme-treated murine lymphoid cells.


Autoimmune response in experimental halothan-induced liver injury.


The effect of nalidixic acid on growth and petite formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Dimethylheptyl-delta 6a-10a-tetrahydrocannabinol: effects after parenteral administration to man.


Hypoglycemia and depressed hepatic gluconeogenesis during endotoxicosis in lead-sensitized rats.


Eagle's basal medium as a defined medium for Mycoplasma studies.


Charles F.M. Saint.

Charles F.M. Saint.


Ecology of R factors. A study of urban and remote communities and their environments.


Lateral heterophia sequentially measured by a stepping prism system.


Renal allograft rupture: cause, clinical features and management.


Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. V. The effects of long-term pancreatic duct ligation on serum insulin levels and glucose metabolism in the dog.


"Wringer arm" reevaluated: a survey of current surgical management of upper extremity compression injuries.


Anopheles dthali Patton, 1905, a new secondary vector in southern Iran.


Pemphigus treatment with azathioprine. Clinical and immunologic correlation.


Similarities in cutaneous nerve receptors.


Dermatohistopathology of chronic gonococcal sepsis.


Auto-immune annular erythema. A variant of lupus erythematosus?


Alopecia areata. Immunologic studies and treatment with prednisone.


Pemphigus vulgaris in a 3-and-one-half-year old boy.


White piedra (trichosporosis).

White piedra (trichosporosis).


A pilot study of occasional heroin users.


Relation of structural damage to exposure time and intensity in acoustic trauma.


A practical guide to assisted operating. 7. Some applications of principles in assisted operating.


William Richard Tattersall, LL.D. F.D.S., H.D.D.


Cardiac surgery in young pigs.

Cardiac surgery in young pigs.


Effect of injection and sampling site on dye dilution curves during hypotension.


Chromosomal banding pattern and idiogram of the cotton rat, Sigmodon arizonae (Rodentia, Muridae).


Computers can change cardiology.

Computers can change cardiology.


Sequential circulatory changes following acute myocardial infarction in man. Determination of optimal heart rate at each stage of the infarction by atrial pacing.


Effect of aspirin on brachial artery occlusion following brachial arteriotomy for coronary arteriography.


The sick sinus syndrome.

The sick sinus syndrome.


Refractory supraventricular tachycardias.


Junctional tachycardia. Mechanisms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management.


ARA presidential address. The 40th.

ARA presidential address. The 40th.


Immune response of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during cyclophosphamide treatment.


The relevance of irrelevance. Remarks on receiving the James B. Herrick Award, American Heart Association.


Immunofluorescent method for the detection of antigammaglobulin antibodies.


Combination chemotherapy for lymphomas and leukemias.


Replication of the single-stranded DNA bacteriophage M 13. On the transcription in vivo of the M 13 replicative-form DNA.


Purification and properties of an inhibitor of the tryptophan-synthase-inactivating enzymes in yeast.


A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in ribonucleosidediphosphate reductase. 1. Isolation of the mutant as a deoxyuridine auxotroph.


A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in ribonucleosidediphosphate reductase. 2. Characterization of the enzymatic defect.


The kinetics of the conversion of chicken pepsinogen to chicken pepsin.


Zollinger-Ellison syndrome type 1: clinical and pathological correlations in a case. Some patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome appear to have hypergastrinaemia and hyperplasia of the antral G cells but no tumour. This subgroup has been classified as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome type 1. We have treated such a patient by vagotomy and antrectomy, the fasting plasma gastrin and acid secretion subsequently returning to normal.A 17-year-old male had a four-year history of duodenal ulcer. Gastric secretion tests showed acid hypersecretion. Fasting plasma gastrin was 8350 pg/ml (normal 50-170 pg/ml). At laparotomy duodenal ulceration was confirmed but no pancreatic or other tumours were found. Truncal vagotomy and antrectomy was performed with distal pancreatectomy. Immunofluorescent staining showed hyperplasia of G cells in the resected antrum but a normal pancreas and duodenum. Six months after operation he was symptom free and acid secretion was reduced by 92%. The fasting plasma gastrin at two months was <50 pg/ml. These findings suggest that type 1 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may be a clinical entity.


The response to prednisolone in atrophic gastritis: a possible effect on non-intrinsic factor-mediated vitamin B 12 absorption. The administration of prednisolone did not affect absorption of vitamin B(12) and gastric secretion of intrinsic factor in nine subjects with normal gastric mucosa, or in five with chronic superficial gastritis. No gastric morphological changes were observed in either group. In contrast, four of seven patients with pernicious anaemia showed improvement in absorption of vitamin B(12) during prednisolone administration for periods of two to 10 months. No consistent changes in gastric mucosal morphology were noted. An additional five patients were studied intensively during one month of prednisolone administration. In three, absorption of vitamin B(12) was restored to within the normal range between eight and 13 days after the commencement of the drug. The improvement was not paralleled by enhancement of secretion of intrinsic factor or other vitamin B(12) binders. Suppression of intrinsic factor antibodies in serum and gastric juice did not occur consistently in those patients showing a functional response.


The organ-cultured cornea: an in vitro study.


Extraocular orbital tumors induced by human adenovirus type 12 in hamsters.


Social and medical correlates of survival among octogenarians: United Automobile Worker retirees and Spanish-American War veteran's.


Dietary fibre.

Dietary fibre.


CIV. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Chemical synthesis of an icosadeoxynucleotide corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 21 to 40.


CV. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Chemical synthesis of an icosadeoxyribonucleotide corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 31 to 50.


Studies on polynucleotides. 103. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast.


CVII. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Synthesis of a dodecadeoxynucleotide and a hexadeoxynucleotide corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 1 to 12.


CVI. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Synthesis of two nonanucleotides and a heptanucleotide corresponding to nucleotide sequences 22 to 30, 41 to 49 and 28 to 34.


108. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Synthesis of an undecadeoxynucleotide, a decadeoxynucleotide and an octadeoxynucleotide corresponding to the nucleotide sequences 7 to 27.


CIX. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Synthesis of a dodecadeoxynucleotide and a decadeoxynucleotide corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 46 to 65.


CX. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Synthesis of three decadeoxynucleotides corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 51 to 70.


CXI. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid from yeast. Synthesis of a dodecadeoxynucleotide and a heptadeoxynucleotide corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 66 to 77.


CXII. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer RNA from yeast. Enzymic joining of the chemically synthesized polydeoxynucleotides to form the DNA duplex representing nucleotide sequence 1 to 20.


CXIV. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer RNA from yeast. Enzymic joining of the chemically synthesized segments to form the DNA duplex corresponding to nucleotide sequence 46 to 77.


113. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer RNA from yeast. Enzymic joining of the chemically synthesized segments to form the DNA duplex corresponding to nucleotide sequence 17 to 50.


CXV. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer RNA from yeast. Enzymic joining to form the total DNA duplex.


Sexual role identification and personality functioning in girls: a theory revisited.


Localization of tissue-specific antigens in the rabbit ovary, oviduct and uterus by the fluorescent antibody technique.


Relaxation times in bacteriological culture and the approach to steady state.


Alternate-day therapy with methylprednisolone after renal transplantation.


The syndrome of hypertension, hyperreninemia and secondary aldosteronism associated with renal juxtaglomerular cell tumor (primary reninism).


Carcinoma of the bladder in a renal transplant patient.


Urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture.


Reanastomosis of the amputated penis.

Reanastomosis of the amputated penis.


The importance of the pressure in the prostatic fossa and absorption of irrigating fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate.


Transureteroureterostomy in children.

Transureteroureterostomy in children.


The role of introital enterobacteria in recurrent urinary infections.


Oral carbenicillin.

Oral carbenicillin.


Irreversible inactivation at high temperature of temperature-sensitive mutant tRNA Tyr  in vivo.


Increased inactivation and degradation of messenger RNA in an Escherichia coli strain containing a thermolabile polynucleotide phosphorylase.


Connecting two unrelated DNA sequences with a Mu dimer.


Bill Turner. An appreciation.

Bill Turner. An appreciation.


Proteins of the newt germinal vesicle nucleus.


Regional sharing program SONY-W.

Regional sharing program SONY-W.


Acute and subacute encephalopathy. I. Diagnostic procedures.


The New York Hospital and its pharmacopoeia.


The Medicare view of ambulatory care records.


Ambulatory medical care data: the San Joaquin Foundation peer review system.


Preparative cell electrophoresis.

Preparative cell electrophoresis.


Changing therapeutic approaches to Hodgkin's disease.


Murray M. Copeland, M.D., D.Sc(Hon)., F.A.C.S.


Clinical aspects of cancer immunity.

Clinical aspects of cancer immunity.


Freud and medicine in Vienna. Some scientific and medical sources of his thought.


Metabolism, anticholinergic effects, and therapeutic outcome of desmethylimipramine in depressive illness.


Medical Research Council Neuropsychiatry Unit, Carshalton and Epsom, Surrey.


Comparison of amantadine, orphenadrine, and placebo in the control of phenothiazine-induced Parkinsonism.


Phenelzine in phobic anxiety: a controlled trial.


Relationship between sleep and growth in patients with reversible somatotropin deficiency (psychosocial dwarfism).


The contributions of sociology to psychiatry.


An evaluation of continuation therapy with tricyclic antidepressants in depressive illness.


Repetitive firing of the cat's retinal ganglion cell.


Chromatic rod vision. IX. A theoretical survey.


Chemical structure and teratogenic properties. 3. A review of available data on structure-activity relationships and mechanism of action of thalidomide analogues.


Unreliability of conventional electrocardiographic monitoring for arrhythmia detection in coronary care units.


Joseph Hamburg on acute endocarditis and its relation to bacteria (1879).


American Academy of Optometry. Geographical directory of members.


Evaluation of the placebo effect in optometry.


The multiplication of parvovirus Lu3 in a synchronized culture system. I. Optimum conditions for virus replication.


Fowl plague virus adapted to human epithelial tumor cells and human myeloblasts in vitro. I. Characteristics and replication in monolayer cultures.


Ecology of Proteus flagellar phages.

Ecology of Proteus flagellar phages.


Characterization of Thiobacillus species by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids.


Dantrolene sodium in the treatment of spasticity.


A kinetic study of Baker's-yeast pyruvate kinase activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The paper reports a study of the kinetics of the reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate, ADP and Mg(2+) catalysed by yeast pyruvate kinase when activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate and K(+). The experimental results indicate that the reaction mechanism is of the Ordered Tri Bi type with the substrates binding in the order phosphoenolpyruvate, ADP and Mg(2+). Direct phosphoryl transfer takes place in the quaternary complex, with pyruvate released before MgATP. A dead-end enzyme-pyruvate complex is also indicated. Values have been determined for the Michaelis, dissociation and inhibition constants of the reaction. Several of the rate constants involved have also been evaluated.


Purification of yeast isocitrate dehydrogenase. The NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from baker's yeast was purified to homogeneity (as judged by gel filtration and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis) with an overall yield of 50% by using dilute solutions of the allosteric effector (AMP) to elute the enzyme specifically from CM-cellulose. This method preserves the allosteric properties of the crude enzyme. Although the pure enzyme shows only a single band on electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, two types of subunit are observed in 8m-urea. The isoelectric point of the enzyme rises during purification, and this may reflect the partial loss of an additional low-molecular-weight component. Values are included for the amino acid composition and extinction coefficients of the pure enzyme.


Anomalous behavior of yeast isocitrate dehydrogenase during isoelectric focusing. Isoelectric focusing of yeast isocitrate dehydrogenase apparently reveals a number of ;isoenzymes'. These have isoelectric points near pH5.5 in crude material, but during purification the mean isoelectric point progressively rises to pH7.0 and the band pattern changes. The shift in isoelectric point during purification is apparently genuine, since it is also manifested in the electrophoretic and chromatographic properties of the enzyme. The multiple forms, however, are an artifact, generated by exposure of the enzyme to Ampholine, since their activities vary with the protein/Ampholine ratio and they cannot be observed in any system from which Ampholine is excluded. There are no detectable isoenzymes of yeast isocitrate dehydrogenase.


pH-dependent intermediate plateaux in the kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by "biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase of Escherichia coli K-12.


The casting of precious metal alloys in dentistry: a rational approach.


Effect of glucagon on left ventricular performance in aortic stenosis.


The effect of cations on the spontaneous and drug induced efflux of  3 H-L-noradrenaline from the mesenteric arteries.


The fate of salbutamol administered by intermittent positive pressure breathing.


Effect of bacterial pyrogen and antipyretics on prostaglandin activity in cerebrospinal fluid of unanaesthetized cats.


Double blind controlled trial of indoramin in the treatment of essential hypertension.


Ocular irritation tests.

Ocular irritation tests.


Interaction between clonidine and desipramine in man. Interaction between the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine and the antihypertensive agent clonidine has been investigated in five hypertensive patients in a double-blind placebo controlled study. Introduction of the tricyclic antidepressant led to loss of blood pressure control in four of the patients. The average blood pressure rise in the desipramine period compared with the placebo period was 22/15 mm Hg in the lying position and 12/11 mm Hg standing. Thus addition of a tricyclic antidepressant may lead to loss of blood pressure control in a hypertensive patient treated with clonidine.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation in benign tertian malaria.


Sir Francis Walshe.

Sir Francis Walshe.


Use of sequential Bayesian model in diagnosis of jaundice by computer. A sequential Bayesian model has been developed for a computer and used to diagnose jaundiced patients admitted to hospital. Up to 102 items of information from the history, physical examination, and special investigations available within 48 hours of admission were collected on 309 patients. The results from these patients were used to calculate the probabilities of 11 possible diseases in 65 new patients and also to place patients into groups for medical or surgical treatment.The overall accuracy of the model in diagnosing patients as having one of 11 diseases was 69%, and where the final probability reached > 0.96, it was 89%. The overall accuracy in making a medical or surgical decision was 89%, and where the final probability reached > 0.96 it was 94%.Improvement in accuracy should result as the number of cases seen with rare conditions increases, and probably a similar model could be developed and used to make most use of those indicants with the highest cost-effectiveness.


K.R. Hill.

K.R. Hill.


A. McKie Reid.

A. McKie Reid.


H.P. Gilding.

H.P. Gilding.


E. Gledhill.

E. Gledhill.


J.C. Heather.

J.C. Heather.


F.R.G. Heaf.

F.R.G. Heaf.


Outpatient maintenance of chronic schizophrenic patients with long-acting fluphenazine: double-blind placebo trial. Report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Clinical Trials in Psychiatry. A double-blind placebo trial of fluphenazine decanoate, a long-acting phenothiazine, was carried out to determine its value in maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenic outpatients already established on the drug for a minimum period of eight weeks. In low doses it was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and admission to hospital. Relapse was accompanied by a resurgence of specifically schizophrenic symptoms and by an increase in abnormalities described by the relatives. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in the treatment required for depression. The group on active medication required more treatment for Parkinsonism, but this difference did not reach statistical significance.In the context of a well-run special clinic for outpatient follow-up of chronic schizophrenic patients these results confirm the usefulness of long-acting fluphenazine. By inference, the benefit of this treatment highlights the need for adequate community services to deal with the residual chronic disabilities which are characteristic of these patients.


R.H. Moore.

R.H. Moore.


J. McGeachie.

J. McGeachie.


Elizabeth Michael.

Elizabeth Michael.


N. Nelson.

N. Nelson.


Chronic exposure to anaesthetics: a toxicity problem?


Acute and chronic toxicity of local anaesthetics.


Renal toxicity of anaesthetics: with specific reference to the nephrotoxicity of methoxyflurane.


Some aspects of the clinical pharmacology of nitrous oxide.


Occurrence and cross-reactivity of heterophile antibodies and anti-kidney antibodies in kidney transplanted patients and patients with renal disease.


The immunopathology of trichiniasis in T-cell deficient mice.


Reconstitution of immunocompetence in B cells by addition of concanavalin A or concanavalin A-treated thymus cells.


The effect of temperature and time of incubation in the preparation of antigens for detection of virus-specific IgM antibody.


Uriglox test for asymptomatic bacteriuria.


Determination of the vitamin A bodypool of rats by an isotopic dilution method.


Stimulation of humoral immune response by pentosan sulfate (SP54).


Gastric secretion in the rat following histidine loading.


A method for dissecting yeast asci without micromanipulator.


Lac repressor. Specific proteolytic destruction of the NH 2 -terminal region and loss of the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding activity.


Chemical studies on the enzymatic specificity of goose egg white lysozyme.


The role of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis in elongation factor Tu-promoted binding of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid to ribosomes.