Mass vaccination programs in developing countries. Immunization programs have been demonstrated to be efficient and relatively inexpensive methods of disease prevention in both developed and developing countries.  This article reviews the historical development of mass immunization campaigns, sets forth practical considerations in initiating such campaigns, and gives examples of contemporary mass immunization programs in developing countries--smallpox eradication and measles control in West and Central Africa and the global smallpox eradication program.  Within the next few years, an increasing number of vaccination programs are expected to administer 6 or more antigens simultaneously.  Preliminary studies in West Africa have confirmed the safety, efficacy, and acceptance of such an approach.  Much of the cost of mass immunization campaigns involves the logistics of transporting vaccination teams to a village, so the maximum number of antigens should be delivered at one time to capitalize on this effort.  There has been no evidence that the simultaneous administration of several live virus vaccines leads to an increase in complication rates.  Jet injectors are now being developed that should be more economical as well as more readily adaptable to a multiple antigen campaign.  Finally, improvements in vaccine potency offer the possibility that single injections of vaccines such as tetanus toxoid may result in adequate immunity.


Coxsackievirus infections of the newborn.


Virus myocardiopathy.

Virus myocardiopathy.


Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. B. Documentation.


Drug treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome and delirium tremens. A comparison of haloperidol with mesoridazine and hydroxyzine.


Epidemiology applied to alcoholism. A review and an examination of purposes.


Gastric nonabsorbable indicators in man: a comparison of phenol red and polyethylene- 14 C glycol.


Vagal influences on gastric acid secretion.


Effect of secretin on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid and pepsin secretion after vagotomy in man.


The mechanism of vitamin B 12  malabsorption in blind-loop syndrome.


Hemostatic abnormalities associated with dysproteinemias.


A combined relaxing agent and fixative for triclads (planarians).


Sequential changes in distribution of cardiac output in hemorrhagic shock.


Clinical hypothermia: a lady with a past and some promise for the future.


Steroid diabetes in renal transplant recipients: pathogenetic factors and prognosis.


A note of caution regarding tumor immunology.


In-use testing of sterility of intravenous solutions in plastic containers.


[Evolution of change in hemoglobin forms in the ontogenesis of vertebrates].


Intramural blood flow and blood volume in the small intestine of the cat as analyzed by an indicator-dilution technique.


Alternate-day versus daily systemic corticosteroids in corneal homograft rejection.


Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on intrauterine skin graft survival in F-1 hybrid rats.


Effect of isosorbide on intraocular pressure after penetrating keratoplasty.


A comparison of two methods for cutting donor corneal buttons.


Alex E. Krill, M.D., 1928-1972.

Alex E. Krill, M.D., 1928-1972.


Lymphocyte destruction during corneal homograft reaction. A scanning electron microscopic study.


The retina and optic nerve.

The retina and optic nerve.


Evoked responses in the rat's visual cortex to contralateral, ipsilateral and restricted photic stimulation.


The release of alkaline phosphatase and of lipopolysaccharide during the growth of rough and smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium.


Surface structure of the conidium and conidiophore of Stemphylium botryosum.


The formation of homogentisic acid from phenylacetic acid by an Aspergillus sp.


Allergic vasculitis with atypical localisation.


Is depreciation still available?

Is depreciation still available?


A simple tissue holder for formaldehyde vapor-induced fluorescence.


Measurement of diaphragmatic blood flow in dogs from xenon 133 clearance.


Central, femoral, and brachial circulation during exercise in hypoxia.


Phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase from Escherichia coli. Effects of adenylate energy charge and modifier concentrations.


A study of fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) and VDRL tests in Pintal.


Kinetic competition in vitro between phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli.


Purification and properties of the catalase of bakers' yeast.


Peptide acceptors in the arginine transfer reaction.


Investigations into the mycology of dental calculus in town-dwellers, agricultural workers and grazing animals.


Kinocilia and sperm dynamics in the cervix uteri of the rabbit.


Toxoplasmosis, the laboratory and you.

Toxoplasmosis, the laboratory and you.


Dermatology in Brazil past, present and future.


The importance of the different sites of air injection in the tolerance of arterial air embolism.


A simplified technique for resecting aortic arch aneurysms distal to the innominate artery. A case report.


Biological treatment of wastewater by yeasts.


Candida endocarditis after cardiac surgery. Clues to earlier detection.


Trifluorothymidine (F 3 T) treatment of herpes simplex corneal ulcers.


Typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-resistant organisms.


A study to assess the value of disinfectants when washing ward floors.


Effects of the recA, lex and exrA mutations on the survival of damaged lambda and Pl phages in lysogenic and non-lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli K12.


Mutation by mitomycins in the ultraviolet light-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli.


X-ray-induced specific-locus mutation rates in young male mice.


X-ray-induced specific-locus mutation rate in newborn male mice.


Location of ribosomal RNA cistrons in yeast.


Preservation of thymus functionality during in vivo culture in heterologous systems.


5S rRNA and t RNA: evidence for a common evolutionary origin.


Induction fo B cell tolerance by antigen specific T cell factor.


Stimulation of release of FSH and LH by infusion of LH-RH and some of its analogues.


Hyperuricemia in leukemia and lymphoma. II. Treatment.


Annual review of new drugs--1973.

Annual review of new drugs--1973.


Acupuncture in nineteenth century western medicine.


Methods and future of organ sharing in northeast.


Chinese legacy to exploration of space.

Chinese legacy to exploration of space.


Artificial ventilation in hyaline membrane disease: the use of positive end-expiratory pressure and continuous positive airway pressure.


Thymic alymphoplasia with hyper-IgE-globulinemia.


Romanian contributions to the progress in hematology.


Management of malignant lymphomas.

Management of malignant lymphomas.


Kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation.


Medical milestones in the South African Mining industry. Valedictory address.


Hepatic artery aneurysm.

Hepatic artery aneurysm.


The surgical mystique and the double standard. Controlled trials of medical and surgical therapy for cardiac disease: analysis, hypothesis, proposal.


The hazards of medical computing.

The hazards of medical computing.


Screening for bacteriuria in school-girls. An evaluation of a dip-slide culture methods and the urinary glucose method.


A controlled trial of prednisone treatment of sarcoidosis.


Action spectra of lupus erythematosus and experimental immunofluorescence.


Antinuclear antibodies.

Antinuclear antibodies.


Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides.


Antigenic components of attenuated Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides (F. strain), grown in crude extract of (Gladysdale) virulent strain.


Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: isolation of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides from ticks collected from infected cattle and infection attempts using these ticks.


Achievements of QAU-STRC CP 16 project.

Achievements of QAU-STRC CP 16 project.


Isolation and recognition of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides from pathological material using commercially available media.


Immunologic methods in avian research: neutralization test.


The roles of ammonia, water activity, and pH in the salmonellacidal effect of long-used poultry litter.


The immunologic response of birds.

The immunologic response of birds.


Fluorescent-antibody methods for detecting salmonellae in animal by-products.


Anton de Haen, Louis Odier, and the inoculation controversy.


Avian complement-fixation.

Avian complement-fixation.


Medical numismatic notes, X: the Manchester Infirmary and Lunatic Hospital.


Pulmonary tuberculosis: evolution of modern therapy.


Abraham Flexner in perspective: American medical education 1865-1910.


Wilhelm Griesinger and the history of psychiatry: a reassessment.


Edward Frederick Leitner (1812-1838) physician-botanist.


De Laguna's commentaries on hallucinogenic drugs and witchcraft in Dioscorides' Materia Media.


A French plaque recipe of 1720.

A French plaque recipe of 1720.


Morphology and pathogenesis of glomerulopathy in cadaver kidney allografts treated with antilymphocyte globulin.


The anemia-induced reversible switch from hemoglobin A to hemoglobin C in caprine ruminants: immunochemical evidence that both hemoglobins are found in the same cell.


Psychiatric aspects of brain injury in childhood: a review.


Obituary. Dr. Herbert G. Birch.

Obituary. Dr. Herbert G. Birch.


Physiologic studies during perfusion of the isolated canine pancreas. The endocrine and exocrine behavior.


Effect of porcine renal retransplantation into a new recipient after 1-3 days of residence in an allogeneic situation.


Electrochemical modification of hyperacute immune rejection.


Effect of cortisone administration on experimental nocardiosis. Effect of cortisone administration on the pathogenicity of Nocardia asteroides, N. caviae, and N. brasiliensis for white mice has been investigated by using the intravenous route of inoculation. The observations indicated that the susceptibility of white mice to nocardiosis was enhanced by cortisone. Test strains of the three species of Nocardia caused a higher and more rapid mortality, as well as more extensive lesions, in the cortisone-treated than in the normal mice. The mean lethal dose (LD(50)) values of N. asteroides and N. caviae for the cortisonetreated group were found to be seven and eight times lower than their respective values for the normal group. N. asteroides and N. caviae were more virulent than N. brasiliensis, the LD(50) of N. brasiliensis for cortisone-treated mice being 30 and 26 times higher than that of the former two species, respectively. N. brasiliensis also differed from the other two species in its inability to infect the brain. In the untreated animals, N. asteroides and N. caviae showed a tendency to form conglomerate growth, in contrast to formation of freely dispersed growth in the lesions of cortisone-treated animals.


Induction of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antibody in neonatal rabbits by gastrointestinal colonization with cross-reacting Escherichia coli. In two separate experiments, newborn rabbits were fed a live suspension of either of two Escherichia coli strains which possess a "K" antigen cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Both feedings were harmless and resulted in fecal excretion of the fed E. coli in most animals as well as active immunization of fed animals toward H. influenzae type b. Feeding non-enteropathogenic, cross-reacting E coli to newborns may be a method for inducing active immunity toward H. influenzae type b diseases by accelerating the acquisition of "natural" immunity.


Passive hemagglutination test for bovine chlamydial abortion. Purified chlamydial elementary bodies were subjected to sonic lysis to produce soluble antigen for passive hemagglutination (PHA). PHA was more sensitive than complement fixation (CF) in detecting antibody in hyperimmunized rabbits, lambs, and calves. Both CF and PHA tests were used to monitor antibody responses in experimentally infected pregnant cows. All animals responded with rises in titers after experimental infection. Titers declined and then increased a second time near the time of abortion. PHA titers were considerably higher than CF titers.


Immunodepression by Rowson-Parr virus in mice. I. Growth curves of Rowson-Parr virus and immunological relationships with Friend virus. The growth curve of Rowson-Parr virus (RPV) was studied in the spleen of mice infected with RPV only and of mice infected with Friend virus (FV) preparations, which consist of a mixture of RPV and FV. In mice infected with FV preparations, RPV replicated to a higher titer than FV and attained higher levels than in singly infected mice. The chronic viremia of RPV-infected mice was found to coexist with circulating anti-RPV antibodies. These antibodies also neutralize FV and are probably responsible for the resistance against FV conferred to mice by prior infection with RPV.


Immunodepression by Rowson-Parr virus in mice. II. Effect of Rowson-Parr virus infection on the antibody response to sheep red cells in vivo and in vitro. The effects of infection with Rowson-Parr virus (RPV), an associated virus present in Friend virus (FV) preparations, on the splenic plaque-forming cell response to sheep red cells in adult mice and on the plaque-forming cell response of peritoneal cells in vitro have been investigated. The results support the hypothesis that RPV might be responsible for a considerable proportion of the early immunodepressive effects caused by FV preparations.


[Factors influencing the susceptibility of mice to Mycoplasma arthritidis]. Concentrated broth constituents markedly enhanced the development of abscesses after subcutaneous injection of Mycoplasma arthritidis. Under appropriate conditions, both virulent and avirulent strains of M. arthritidis produced toxic effects in mice, as detected by the development of necrotic abscesses and death of the animals. The treatment of mice at birth with M. arthritidis antigens rendered the animals more susceptible to infection with M. arthritidis later in life, as evidenced by increased arthritis after intravenous injection. The injection of M. arthritidis into pregnant mice resulted in a high incidence of abortions. Comparative studies using different mouse strains showed that DBA mice were the most susceptible and BALB/c and C57BL mice were the most resistant to infection by M. arthritidis.


Treponeme outer cell envelope: solubilization and reaggregation. Exposure of the avirulent Kazan 5 treponeme to low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1.4 mm) results in the solubilization of the outer envelope. Maximal reaggregation of the outer envelope preparation requires cations, and cation concentration affects both the yield and structure of the aggregates. The reaggregated outer envelope preparation can be resolubilized with the chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or with sodium dodecyl sulfate.


Ultrastructural lesions in Mycoplasma pneumoniae membranes produced by antibody and complement. Lesions in Mycoplasma pneumoniae membranes were produced by antibody and either human or guinea pig complement and were observed by electron microscopy after negative staining. These defects measured approximately 9.0 to 10.0 nm in diameter-slightly more for human complement than for guinea pig complement. The development of these small lesions was accompanied by a decrease in the viability of the organism.


An antiphagocytic factor associated with group E streptococcus. Group E streptococci (GES) grown in Tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) were highly susceptible to nonspecific phagocytosis by porcine leukocytes, whereas GES grown in serum-supplemented TPB (STPB) were resistant to nonspecific phagocytosis. It was concluded that serum supplementation induced the elaboration of an antiphagocytic factor (APF). The APF was distinct from the group-specific and type-specific polysaccharide antigens, and it was destroyed by trypsin. Electron photomicrographs revealed that GES grown in STPB possessed a fimbriated surface component similar to M protein-positive stains of group A streptococcus. The surface component was absent when GES were propagated in unfortified TPB. The APF was neutralized specifically by sera from swine immune to streptococcic lymphadenitis (SLS), a disease caused by GES. It was hypothesized that the APF was associated with the pathogenicity of GES and that it was involved in the induction of protective immunity to SLS.


Precision castings in orthodontic retention.


Morphological and biological characteristics of the M-P strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Based on present data, the M-P virus appears antigenically and morphologically to be a strain of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, with some different biological properties.


Minimal medium recovery of heated Salmonella typhimurium LT2.


R factors of compatibility group A.

R factors of compatibility group A.


Evidence that the production of swollen bodies in the dienes phenomenon may be confined to one of two interacting strains of Proteus mirabilis.


John L. Riddell's Vibrio biceps: two documents on American microscopy and cholera etiology 1849-59.


Dr. Thomas Dimsdale and smallpox inoculation in Russia.


A communal program of medical care: medieval Ragusa-Dubrovnik.


Homosexuality and its confusion with the 'secret sin' in pre-Freudian America.


An eleventh-century list of the works of Hippocrates.


A tree under the organic or doctors' system and tree under the Hygeian or Morisonian system. Engravings by T. H. Jones (ca. 1845).


A note on the origin of 'modern' spiritualism.


Mara and Benomi Buck: familial mental retardation in colonial Jamestown.


Dedication of the Wangensteen Historical Library at the University of Minnesota.


William Farr on the cholera: the sanitarian's disease theory and the statistician's method.


An immunofluorescent technique for observing the binding of concanavalin A to frozen tissue sections.


Immunity in experimental syphilis. VI. Successful vaccination of rabbits with Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain, attenuated by  -irradiation.


Complementary genes controlling immune response to theta-AKR antigen in mice.


Transplantability and antigenicity of two sublines of the TA3 tumor.


Regional lymph node irradiation: effect on local and distant generation of antibody forming cells.


Suppression of the antibody response to SRBC with F(ab') 2  and IgG in vitro.


Long-term spontaneous tumor incidence in neonatally thymectomized mice.


Lymphokine toxicity for yeast cells.

Lymphokine toxicity for yeast cells.


Clinical trial: cephradine in the treatment of urinary tract infection.


Cephradine--a summary of preclinical studies and clinical pharmacology.


Clinical experience with oral cephradine.


Intravenous cephradine in the treatment of severe respiratory infection.


Surface culture of fetal mammalian brain cells: effect of subculture on morphology and choline acetyltransferase activity.


Analogue-computer corrections for removal of sampling distortion in catheter-densitometer and thermistor systems.


Some effects of nystatin on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Leprosy-susceptibility testing of armadillos. 1. Cellular responses to intradermally inoculated heat-killed leprosy bacilli.


Identification of amino acid changes in serological mutants of the i flagellar antigen of Salmonella typhimurium.


Fetal and embryonic haemoglobins.

Fetal and embryonic haemoglobins.


Salicylate intoxication.

Salicylate intoxication.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 21-1973.


1773 and all that.

1773 and all that.


Membrane immunofluorescence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Physician extraordinary--a foe of man-made diseases.


Dissociation of chick embryo spinal ganglia and the effects on cell yields by the mouse 7S nerve growth factor protein.


Growth and cultivation of dissociated neurons and glial cells from embryonic chick, rat and human brain in flask cultures.


Neonatal E. coli meningitis, hydrocephalus, respiratory distress syndrome, full recovery after temporary blindness.


The exploitation of transmissible plasmids to study the pathogenesis of E. coli diarrhoea.


Anxiety and drug therapy.

Anxiety and drug therapy.


Some problems of stereotaxy in early ontogeny.


The prediction of placebo effect in functional psychoses.


Clinical contribution to the study of brain mechanisms in processing semantic information. Typology of parapictograms.


Early American anesthetists: the origins of professionalism in anesthesia.


Roentgen videodensitometric determination of left to right shunts in experimental ventricular septal defect.


Errors in pneumotachography as a result of transducer design and function.


Molecular properties of the starch components and their relation to the structure of the granule.


De novo synthesis of bacterial glycogen and plant starch by ADPG: -glucan 4-glucosyl transferase.


Roy Douglas Wright.

Roy Douglas Wright.


Relative contribution of different classes of myogenic cells to muscle fiber formation in culture.


A new function for the nucleolus.

A new function for the nucleolus.


Use of zonal centrifugation for preparing synchronous cultures from Ehrlich ascites cells grown in vivo.


Characterization of the mouse liver cell line FL83B.


Significance of fixation procedure for preservation of arteries.


A quantitative analysis of cleistohecia production in Aspergillus nidulans.


Blood flow in red and white muscle in early development.


Francis Galton's statistical ideas: the influence of eugenics.


Diets affecting treatment of parkinsonism with levodopa.


Denture cleansers and retaining devices.


Pharmacists' attitudes toward government medical programs.


Physiology of Escherichia coli K-12 during conjugation: altered recipient cell functions associated with lethal zygosis. The number of viable F(-) cells decreases when Escherichia coli recipient cells are mixed with an excess of Hfr cells. Evidence is presented showing that lethal zygosis was accompanied by changes in the physiology of the recipient cells, including (i) inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, (ii) inhibition of beta-galactosidase induction, (iii) altered transport and accumulation of galactosides, and (iv) leakage of beta-galactosidase into the supernatant fluid. The results are discussed in terms of possible conjugation-associated changes that, at high Hfr to F(-) ratios, lead to lethal zygosis.


X-ray sensitivity and repair capacity of a polA1 exrA strain of Escherichia coli K-12. A polA1 exrA strain of Escherichia coli K-12 was constructed. It was found to be more sensitive to aerobic or anoxic X irradiation than were mutants containing either polA1 or exrA alone. The ability of polA1 exrA and related strains to repair X-ray-induced single-strand breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid DNA was examined. The polA1 strain was deficient in type II (buffer) repair but not in type III (growth medium-dependent) repair. The exrA strain was not deficient in type II repair but was deficient in type III repair (similar to rec strains). The double mutant polA1 exrA was deficient in both type II and type III repair. Thus, the increased X-ray sensitivity of the polA1 exrA double mutant was correlated with its decreased ability to repair X-ray-induced single-strand breaks in DNA. We have tested the hypothesis that polA rec double mutants are not viable because they lack the types II and III systems for the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. Since the polA1 exrA strain is viable and is deficient in both of these repair processes, this hypothesis seems not to be correct.


Physical assay of competence for specific mating-pair formation in Escherichia coli. The fractions of Escherichia coli female and male bacteria that are competent to form specific mating pairs at any time during normal exponential growth have been measured by a physical assay. The competencies of a Hayes- and a Cavali-type donor were 35 and 50%, respectively, in agreement with piliation assays reported by others. The competencies of two recipient strains, PA309 and P678, were found to be 33 and 29%, respectively.


Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. XXII. A pleiotropic mutation affecting induction of isomeroreductase activity. The ilvC gene product, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, an enzyme essential for isoleucine and valine formation, is subject to substrate induction in Escherichia coli. We have isolated a mutant of E. coli K-12 with a mutation that renders the ilvC gene product noninducible by its substrates, the acetohydroxy acids. This mutation, ilvY466, has been shown to be in a previously undiscovered locus that lies between ilvC and ilvO. The ilvY product, upsilon, is thought to be a regulatory element involved in the induction of ilvC. We postulate the recognition site, ilvQ, or upsilon and suggest that it lies between ilvC and ilvB. A possible model, involving upsilon, in the positive control of isomeroreductase is presented. Pleiotropic effects of the ilvY466 mutation have been recognized from changes in the end-product inhibition of threonine deaminase and of acetohydroxy acid synthetase. In addition, pleiotropic effects of this lesion on the regulation of threonine deaminase and the physical properties of threonine deaminase and acetohydroxy acid synthetase have been observed.


Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. XXI. Mutations affecting derepression and valine resistance. The activity of acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, an essential enzyme for isoleucine and valine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, was examined in a series of mutants containing derepressed levels of acetohydroxy acid synthetase activity but which differed from each other in the sensitivity of the synthetases to valine inhibition. The finding that isomeroreductase was highest in the strain with the synthetase that was least sensitive to valine inhibition supported the model of internal induction of the isomeroreductase by its acetohydroxy acid substrates. The mutation leading to the acetohydroxy acid synthetase least sensitive to valine was found to be unlinked to the ilv gene cluster and appeared to result in a synthetase that differed from the normal enzyme in several properties. The locus of this mutation is designated ilvF. The loci leading to derepression were designated azl. A pleiotropic, apparently single-step, mutation was found that led to restoration of end-product sensitivity to the synthetase, loss of end-product sensitivity of threonine deaminase [EC 4.2.1.16, l-threonine hydro-lyase (deaminating) and loss of isomeroreductase activity.


Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerases (I, II) have been solubilized from isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclei. The enzymes can be separated by chromatography on O-diethylaminoethyl Sephadex. Both enzymes are active with high-molecular-weight nuclear yeast DNA, although RNA polymerase I has a higher affinity for polydeoxy-adenylic-thymidylic acid and RNA polymerase II for denatured DNA. RNA polymerase I is active only with manganese. alpha-Amanitin inhibits only the activity of RNA polymerase II.


Thymineless death in Escherichia coli in various assay systems: viability determined in liquid medium. Thymineless death has been studied in four different Thy(-) strains of Escherichia coli by using various assay methods including conventional plating techniques as well as one performed entirely in liquid medium. Plating on L agar resulted in a greater loss in viability than the other assay methods, but this extrasensitivity of starved cells to L-agar plating quickly disappeared upon readdition of thymine to the starved cultures. This indicated that cellular damage responsible for the additional killing on L agar is reversible. The results obtained by three other assay methods, the liquid assay, plating on nutrient agar, or plating on tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-minimal agar, did not differ significantly from each other with all strains tested except strain JG 151. In this strain thymineless death was much faster when assayed in the liquid system than by plating. It is suggested that thymineless death detected on nutrient or minimal agar is not a result of plating, but that the lethal event actually occurs during the period of thymine starvation.


Organic solvents as probes for the structure and function of the bacterial membrane: effects of ethanol on the wild type and an ethanol-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. The effects of ethanol on the growth of a wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 are described. These effects include a reduction of the steady-state growth rate and an interference with the division process. They appear as an immediate response to the addition of ethanol and are rapidly reversed by removal of ethanol. Mutants were selected that could grow at a concentration of ethanol that stopped wild-type growth. The growth of one of the mutants we studied (strain S9L100) is stimulated by the presence of ethanol, methanol, or dimethyl sulfoxide. This strain exhibits pleiotropic growth defects including abnormal cell division and morphology. It also appears to have an altered lac permease function which is not due to a mutation in the Y gene itself. We conclude that this mutant has an altered membrane and that the membrane defect may be the cause of the abnormal growth properties. The use of compounds which serve as general membrane perturbants and mutants resistant to these perturbants form a system accessible to both genetic and physical-biochemical techniques.


Fatty acid activation by a lipophilic bacterium. Cell-free extracts of Nocardia asteroides activated saturated fatty acids from octanoate to octadecanoate, plus docosanoate; maximal activation occurred with dodecanoate. No activation of short-chain fatty acids was observed. The activating enzyme, characterized as an acyl-coenzyme A (Co A) synthetase (acid: Co A ligase [adenosine monophosphate]; EC 6.2.1.3), was localized in the cytoplasm of the cells and had absolute requirements for Co A, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and Mg(2+). Kinetic data suggested that N. asteroides possessed at least two synthetases: one specific for short-chain fatty acids, and the other specific for medium- and long-chain fatty acids.


Fraction of ribosomes synthesizing protein as a function of specific growth rate. The fraction of ribosomes engaged in protein synthesis in Escherichia coli growing at specific growth rates ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 h(-1) was estimated from measurements of nascent protein/ribosome and of polyribosomes. Both measurements showed that the fraction of ribosomes synthesizing protein increased with specific growth rate, from 30 to 70% over the range studied. Polyribosome measurements made at different specific growth rates in four E. coli strains showed no significant differences between strains. The increase in the fraction of polyribosomes had begun within 30 s after a shift-up from glucose-minimal medium, and was complete within 2 to 5 min. These results indicate that the function of ribosomes is regulated.


Control of F'lac replication in Escherichia coli B-r. The timing of replication of an F'lac plasmid during the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/r lac(-)/F'lac was examined in relation to the timing of initiation of chromosome replication. This was accomplished by measuring the induction of beta-galactosidase and the incorporation of radioactive thymidine into cells at different ages in cultures growing exponentially at various rates. In cells growing with interdivision times of 27, 36, and 55 min, the F'lac replicated at various stages in the division cycle but always at approximately the same time as initiation of chromosome replication. In cells growing with an interdivision time of 85 min, the F'lac episome replicated midway through the division cycle, whereas chromosome replication initiated at the start of the cycle. Measurements of absorbance at 450 nm per cell suggested that the F'lac replicated when the cells reached a mass which was a constant multiple of the number of episomes per cell at each growth rate. In contrast, the mass per cell at initiation of chromosome replication in cells with an 85-min interdivision time was significantly lower than this constant value. A possible explanation for the apparent coupling between F'lac replication and initiation of chromosome replication at the higher growth rates, and the lack of coupling at the lowest growth rate, is discussed.


Strand-specific nick in open circular R-factor deoxyribonucleic acid: attachment of the linear strand to a proteinaceous cellular component. The fraction of covalently closed circular R-factor R12 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from Proteus mirabilis was found to depend upon the pH of the buffer used to suspend the cells at the time of lysis. Examination of the open circular DNA revealed that there is one strand-specific nick per R-factor molecule. This same DNA strand also appeared to be bound to a proteinaceous particulate fraction of the cell.


Growth and initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli in the presence of trimethoprim. Escherichia coli grew exponentially at a reduced rate in the presence of 50 or 100 mug of trimethoprim/ml if the low-molecular-weight products of folate metabolism or their precursors (thymidine, purines, methionine, glycine, and pantothenate) were supplied in the medium. Folate metabolism was inhibited 99.9% by these concentrations of trimethoprim, but a low level of formylation of methionyl transfer ribonucleic acid (met-tRNA(F)) could be detected. However, in a medium containing all major amino acids, nucleosides, and vitamins, formylation of met-tRNA(F) was undetectable in the presence of trimethoprim. No other amino-masked amino acids were detected, and methionine remained a major amino-terminal amino acid of mature proteins. met-tRNA(F) was rapidly labeled with exogenous methionine and was associated with 30s ribosomal subunits and 70s ribosomes. It was concluded that initiation of protein synthesis can occur with unformylated met-tRNA(F) in E. coli. Changes in macromolecular composition were associated with the lack of formylation, in particular a fourfold increase in both met-tRNA(F) and ribosomal subunits. These changes would tend to compensate for the low specific rate of initiation with unformylated met-tRNA(F).


Deoxyribonucleic acid repair in a highly radiation-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Deoxyribonucleic acid repair was studied in gamma-irradiated wild-type Salmonella typhimurium and in a radiation-resistant derivative 20 times more resistant than wild type. After exposure to 20 or 50 krad, the wild-type strain (DB21) degraded 30 to 50% of its prelabeled DNA into acid-soluble fragments, whereas the radioresistant strain degraded less than 15% after 4 h of incubation. Post-irradiation synthesis of DNA in the wild-type strain DB21 was reduced after a dose of 20 krad and totally inhibited after exposure to 200 krad. With radiation-resistant strain, D21R6008, on the other hand, DNA synthesis was delayed after a dose of 200 krad but not inhibited. Doses of 20 and 200 krad produced a similar number of single-strand breaks in the DNA of both strains as determined by zone sedimentation analysis in alkaline sucrose gradients. The radiation-resistant strain D21R6008, on the other hand, DNA synthesis was strand breaks in its DNA and repairs these damages more rapidly than wild-type Salmonella.


A cis-trans test of the effect of the first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis on regulation of the histidine operon. Previous studies showed that when triazolalanine was added to a derepressed culture of a histidine auxotroph, repression of the histidine operon occurred as though histidine had been added (6). However, when triazolalanine was added to a derepressed culture of a strain with a mutation in the first gene of the histidine operon which rendered the first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis resistant to inhibition by histidine, repression did not occur. The studies reported here represent a cis/trans test of this effect of mutations to feedback resistance. Using specially constructed merodiploid strains, we were able to show that the wild-type allele is dominant to the mutant (feedback resistant) allele and that the effect operates in trans. We conclude that the enzyme encoded by the first gene of the histidine operon exerts its regulatory effect on the operon not by acting locally at its site of synthesis, but by acting as a freely diffusible protein.


Extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in different enterobacteria. Eighty-seven different enterobacteria and pseudomonas strains were examined for the presence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Thirty-four strains contained closed circular DNA by the ethidium bromide CsCl density technique. Extrachromosomal DNA was most frequent in Escherichia and Klebsiella strains. The extrachromosomal DNA was isolated and characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. All the extrachromosomal DNA-containing bacteria contained circular DNA molecules of small size (0.5-4 mum). Most of these bacteria also contained larger circles (20-40 mum). The number of different size classes of circular DNA in each strain varied from one to five. The buoyant density of the extrachromosomal DNA ranged from 1.692 to 1.721 g/cm(3). Many bacteria contained extrachromosomal DNA of more than one density.


Pathway for ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: gene-enzyme relationships and intermediates. Seven ubiquinone-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli, each of which accumulates two phenolic precursors of ubiquinone, have been characterized, and the accumulated compounds have been identified. The mutants accumulate small quantities of 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol, which was isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, and relatively large amounts of 2-octaprenylphenol, a compound previously identified from E. coli. They also accumulate small quantities of a compound identified as 2-(hydroxyoctaprenyl)phenol although the relevance of this compound to the biosynthesis of ubiquinone is not clear. The results of genetic analysis suggest that each of the mutants carries a mutation in a gene (designated ubiH) which is located at about min 56 on the E. coli chromosome and is co-transducible with the serA and lysB genes. Based on information obtained from this and previous studies with ubiquinone-deficient mutants, a pathway is proposed for ubiquinone biosynthesis in E. coli, and a summary of the known gene-enzyme relationships is given.


In vivo complementation between wild-type and mutant  -galactosidase in Escherichia coli. A comparison of the specific activity of wild-type beta-galactosidase synthesized in a lacZ(-)/lacZ(+) heterogenote has shown that there is 60% more activity in the heterogenote's enzyme than can be accounted for by wild-type subunits alone. It is concluded that wild type beta-galactosidase subunits can complement mutant subunits.


Cryptic plasmids in a minicell-producing strain of Salmonella typhimurium. A minicell-producing strain of Salmonella typhimurium contains two cryptic plasmids. One has a molecular weight of 2.6 x 10(6) to 2.8 x 10(6), is present in multiple copies per cell, and segregates into minicells. The other has a molecular weight of 130 x 10(6), is present in few copies per cell, and probably does not segregate into minicells.


Increase in sensitivity to antibiotics and lysozyme on deletion of lipopolysaccharides in Escherichia coli strains. Lipopolysaccharides on the cell surface of Escherichia coli prevent penetration of lysozyme or certain low-molecular-weight drugs.


Sodium and potassium requirements for active transport of glutamate by Escherichia coli K-12. Active transport of glutamate by Escherichia coli K-12 requires both Na(+) and K(+) ions. Increasing the concentration of Na(+) in the medium results in a decrease in the K(m) of the uptake system for glutamate; the capacity is not affected. Glutamate uptake by untreated cells is not stimulated by K(+). K(+)-depleted cells show a greatly reduced capacity for glutamate uptake. Preincubation of such cells in the presence of K(+) fully restores their capacity for glutamate uptake when Na(+) ions are also present in the uptake medium. Addition of either K(+) or Na(+) alone restores glutamate uptake to only about 20% of its maximum capacity in the presence of both cations. Changes in K(+) concentration affect the capacity for glutamate uptake but have no effect on the K(m) of the glutamate transport system. Ouabain does not inhibit the (Na(+)-K(+))-stimulated glutamate uptake by intact cells or spheroplasts of E. coli K-12.


Acriflavine uptake and resistance in Serratia marcescens cells and spheroplasts. Acriflavine uptake and resistance were investigated in red, sensitive Serratia marcescens cells and in orange, resistant mutant cells and their respective spheroplasts. Acriflavine-sensitive cells bound more acriflavine than acriflavine-resistant cells. Spheroplasts from sensitive and resistant cells were both resistant to and bound similar amounts of acriflavine. Sensitive cells were resistant to acriflavine in medium supplemented with 0.01 M MgSO(4) and 0.5 M sucrose. In the presence of 0.01 M MgSO(4) and 0.5 M sucrose, acriflavine binding by sensitive cells was reduced to the level of binding by resistant cells. Inhibition of metabolism by carbon starvation, chloramphenicol, As(2)O(3), nitrosoguanidine, and bromouracil did not affect the uptake of acriflavine by sensitive and resistant cells. Rapid temperature changes did not alter the acriflavine-binding capacity of the cells, and no temperature dependence of acriflavine uptake or release was observed at 0 and 30 C. Acriflavine uptake by both sensitive and resistant cells increased with increase in pH from 5.7 to 8.0. The logarithm of acriflavine uptake was a linear function of the logarithm of the acriflavine concentration in the binding medium.


Carboxypeptidase from yeast. Large scale preparation and the application to COOH-terminal analysis of peptides and proteins.


On the role of a palmityl thioesterase in fatty acid elongation.


Purification and kinetics of tyrosine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthetase from Salmonella.


Choline kinase from brewers' yeast. Partial purification, properties, and kinetic mechanism.


Synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and the lesion in fab B mutants.


Acyl carrier protein. XX. Chemical synthesis and characterization of analogues of acyl carrier protein.


Spermidine biosynthesis. Purification and properties of propylamine transferase from Escherichia coli.


On the subunit structure of yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase.


Ribonuclease H (hybrid) in Escherichia coli. Identification and characterization.


Differences in the methylation of transfer ribonucleic acid in vitro by the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic transfer ribonucleic acid methylases of HeLa cells.


Hypothalamic amenorrhea and hypogonadotropinism: responses to synthetic LRF.


A radioimmunoassay for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in serum.


Bile acids. XXXVII. Identification of the 3 beta isomers of allocholic and allochenodeoxycholic acids as metabolites of 5 -cholestanol in the rat. Bile was collected for 18-24 days from adult male rats with cannulated bile ducts that had received intraperitoneally 0.8 mg of 5alpha-[4-(14)C, 3alpha-(3)H]cholestan-3beta-ol. Bile from the first 2 days containing 14.2% of the administered (14)C and 3.3% of the (3)H was hydrolyzed, and the bile acids were separated by acetic acid partition chromatography. The previously unidentified metabolite more polar than cholic and allocholic acids was identified by isotopic dilution as 3beta,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholanic acid and represented 3% of the biliary (14)C and 15% of the (3)H. Similarly, 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholanic acid was identified in fractions more polar than allochenodeoxycholic acid and represented 0.6% of the biliary (14)C and 8% of the (3)H. More polar fractions contained 4% of the (14)C and 31% of the (3)H in unidentified metabolites.


Competition hybridization studies on brain ribonucleic acid from rats reared in enriched and deprived environments.


An electron-microscopic study of multiple sclerosis biopsy material: some unusual inclusions.


Mieczyslaw Minkowski. (15 April, 1884-20 July, 1972).


Group B streptococci: the new challenge in neonatal infections.


Group B streptococcal neonatal and infant infections.


Pneumocutaneous fistula secondary to aspiration of grass.


Group B beta hemolytic streptococcal meningitis in infants.


Dr Gee's paediatrics. The Samuel Gee Lecture 1972.


The surgical and medical treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in childhood.


Chemostat for the cultivation of moulds.


Metabolic effects of malnutrition in childhood.


John H, Moe, M.D.

John H, Moe, M.D.


Respiratory assistance in the newborn.

Respiratory assistance in the newborn.


Effect of pylorotomy on the intestinal phase of gastric secretion.


Local and regional skin flaps in head and neck surgery.


An account of the American Epidemiological Society. A retrospect of some fifty years.


Studies on craniopharyngiomas. 3. Stereotaxic treatment with intracystic yttrium-90.


Some observations on the relation between ventilation, tidal volume and frequency in man in various steady and transient states.


Primary sclerosing cholangitis: case report and review of the literature.


Respiratory chemosensitivity in the medulla oblongata. Respiratory regulation is considered as a feedback mechanism serving the homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in brain extracellular fluid during rest as well as during exercise. Only in hypoxia the working range of the regulator is shifted in such a way that a sufficient O2 partial pressure is maintained at the cost of hydrogen ion concentration. The main sensing element of the regulator is the central' chemosensitivity. The location of the chemosensitive mechanism in two plaques of a superficial layer of the ventral medulla oblongata is amply discussed. This region is separated from the respiratory centres and provides the centres with a tonic pH sensitive impulse flow. It is not necessary to assume additional chemosensitivity of the centres. In muscular exercise additional impulses reach the centres which are able to compensate the otherwise expected deviation of extracellular pH in brain caused by the increased CO2 production in the body. If the brain is considered as a computer the described homeostatic mechanism may be viewed as assuring the reproducibility of the nerve cells as units of the computer.


A useful and inexpensive carrier for split thickness meshed skin grafts.


A modification of technic for pancreatoduodenal transplantation in dogs.


Aortic valve construction. Experience with a new operation.


On the in vivo clearance and detoxification of endotoxin by lung and liver.


Early treatment of war wounds of the hand and forearm in Vietnam.


Contamination of the wound during operation and postoperative wound infection.


Tissue blood flow in the canine lower limb following lumbar sympathectomy.


Effect of acute progressive hypoxemia on cardiac output and plasma excess lactate.


Mechanisms of antibacterial effect of biologic dressings.


Dickens' literary children.

Dickens' literary children.


One-stage allotransplantation of both lungs in the dog.


Calciphylaxis: etiology of progressive vascular calcification and gangrene?


Effects of vitamin A and glucocorticoids upon inflammation and collagen synthesis.


Ribosomal proteins and the assembly of ribosomes in eukaryotes.


Structure and function of 70S ribosomal proteins.


Ribosome formation in yeast.

Ribosome formation in yeast.


The effects of trimethoprim on ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli.


The formation of MS nucleotides in Escherichia coli inhibited by trimethoprim.


Pepsin treatment of avian skin collagen. Effects on solubility, subunit composition and aggregation properties. 1. Collagen was extracted from chick skin with dilute acetic acid followed by dilute acetic acid containing pepsin. 2. The solubilized collagens were purified and portions subjected to further digestion by pepsin. 3. This treatment decreased the aldehyde content but contamination by hexosamine was not diminished. 4. Pepsin treatment converted practically all the acid-soluble collagen into monomeric subunits (alpha-chains), but the pepsinsolubilized material retained a significant amount of higher subunits (beta- and gamma-chains). 5. Treatment lowered the rate of fibrillogenesis by acid-soluble collagen, but was without effect on pepsin-solubilized collagen.


Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in Phaseolus aureus. Enzymic aspects of the control of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis and utilization. 1. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity of Phaseolus aureus extracts was assayed by coupling it to the catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase and determining the [(14)C]carbamoylaspartate so formed. The stability of the activity was improved by the addition of ornithine and dimethyl sulphoxide to the extraction medium. 2. The synthetase activity was found to utilize either glutamine or ammonia as amino donor, the Michaelis constants being 0.17+/-0.03mm and 6.1+/-1.0mm respectively. N-Acetylglutamate did not significantly alter the rate with either substrate, and azaserine inhibited the reaction with both amino donors to the same extent. 3. Ornithine was shown to stimulate the activity, and to counteract inhibition by UMP. The purine nucleotides IMP and GMP enhanced carbamoyl phosphate formation, whereas AMP had an inhibitory effect. 4. The Michaelis constant for carbamoyl phosphate was determined in concentrated extracts for both aspartate transcarbamoylase and ornithine transcarbamoylase activities, and was 0.13+/-0.03mm and 1.58+/-0.16mm respectively. The ratio of the activities of these two enzymes, determined at near-saturating substrate concentrations, was 1:3 (aspartate transcarbamoylase/ornithine transcarbamoylase). 5. It is concluded that in this plant tissue there is one enzyme, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, supplying carbamoyl phosphate to both the pyrimidine and arginine pathways, that the pyrimidine pathway claims most of the available carbamoyl phosphate (depending on the concentration of the nucleotide effectors) when this intermediate is present at low concentrations; and that when the carbamoyl phosphate concentration is increased, possibly by ornithine stimulation, a larger proportion can be taken up by the arginine pathway.


Effect of halofenate on serum uric acid.


Methaqualone: metabolic, kinetic, and clinical pharmacologic observations.


Effect of halofenate on serum lipids.

Effect of halofenate on serum lipids.


Effects of medial geniculate lesions on click-evoked potentials in the cat.


A new technique for measuring pulmonary edema.


Indirect and direct capillary blood volume in anesthetized open-thorax cats.


Effects of beta adrenergic blockade with sotalol in chronic anxiety.


Decreased reactivity of SSPE strains of measles virus with antibody.


Interaction of lipopolysaccharides with mitochondria. I. Quantitative assay of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharides with isolated mitochondria.


The growth cycle of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides.


A historical account of the rickettsial diseases with a discussion of unsolved problems.


Regulation of the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in man: immunology or ecology?


Activity of minocycline against Nocardia asteroides: comparison with tetracycline in agar-dilution and standard disc-diffusion tests and with sulfadiazine in an experimental infection of mice.


Prediction of drug effect in personality disorders.


Which operation for duodenal ulceration?


Dr John Alfred Carr: a psychohistorical study.


Naproxen: a novel approach to dose-finding efficacy trails in rheumatoid arthritis.


Introduction: Modification of immunity and carcinogenesis.


Properties of tumor-specific antigen solubilized by hypertonic potassium chloride.


A synopsis of the life of Frederick Reiss.


Immune suppression and carcinogenesis in hamsters during topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.


Summary: modification of immunity and carcinogenesis.


In vitro methods for the assessment of cell-mediated tumor immunity.


Muddying the water: a chairman's prerogative.


Immunogenicity--heterogenization and problems of antigen recognition.


Nature of rejection of isogeneic skin grafts from mice inoculated with a leukemia virus.


A synopsis of the life of Alldo Castellani.


Summary: heterogenization.

Summary: heterogenization.


Tumor cell-related syngeneic skin graft rejection in gross leukemia.


Tumor regression mediated by Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG).


Immunotherapeutic approaches to the management of neoplasms.


Summary of the conference on immunology of carcinogensis.


Further studies on carcinoembryonic antigens.


Cellular and biologic manifestations of immunogenicity in precancerous mastopathy.


Serum enterotoxin-neutralizing antibody in human shigellosis.


Isolation and sequence analysis of a ribosome-protected fragment from bacteriophage phiX 174 DNA.


Correlation between a coat protein amino-terminal sequence and a ribosome-binding DNA sequence from phiX 174.


Production of possible recombination intermediates by an ATP-dependent DNAase.


Effect of low-voltage direct current on the taking of free full-thickness skin graft in rats.


Effect of direct low-voltage current on the morphology of full-thickness skin graft in rat.


Technique of orthotopic liver allotransplantation in dogs.


Signs of early rejection of liver transplant in dogs.


The significance of immunological mechanisms in the pathomorphosis of chronic lung tuberculosis.


Molecular evolution to the first cells.

Molecular evolution to the first cells.


Eliminate DDT? Quest for an advantageous benefit:risk ratio.


The temporal island flap for replacement of oral and pharyngeal mucosa.


Inhalation therapy in modern medicine.

Inhalation therapy in modern medicine.


Clyde Porter Loranz: an appreciation.

Clyde Porter Loranz: an appreciation.


Treatment of acute pancreatitis: in search of a rationale.


Death and life.

Death and life.


Some experiments of nature on the problem of peptic ulcer.


Histotopochemical studies on specific dehydrogenases in the liver after thioctacid application.


Modification of alloxan-induced diabetes: correlated changes in hypothalamic satiety center.


Introduction of the Caldwell Lecturer, 1972. (Alexander R. Margulis).


Occult infection of abdominal incision as seen on laternal chest roentgenogram.


An automated system for recording reports of chest roentgenograms.


Everett E. Seedorf, M.D. 1905-1973.

Everett E. Seedorf, M.D. 1905-1973.


Acute mediastinal widening.

Acute mediastinal widening.


Preparation of ribonuclease-free DNase I and  -amylase.


A disk assay for poly- -hydroxybutyrate.


Automatic determination of glucose, ethanol, amino nitrogen, and ammonia. Cell counting and data processing.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. 3. Impact of education. Early childhood influences.


Successful women in the sciences: analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Crystallographer.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Mathematician.


Historical determinants in individual life experiences of successful professional women.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Electrical engineer.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Physicist.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Educator.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Horticulturist.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Pediatrician.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Meteorolgist.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Physician and public health educator.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Architect.


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Chemist and "Eco-freak".


Successful women in the sciences: an analysis of determinants. I. Individual life experiences. Consumer specialist.


Subcutaneous bacteria in turkey carcasses. Two methods were employed to quantitate the subcutaneous bacteria in fresh, refrigerated, and frozen turkey carcasses. Relatively few bacteria were detected in the skin-flesh interface and in the flesh as compared with the number of bacteria on the skin surface and in the skin layer. No subcutaneous bacteria were detected in 49% of the skin-flesh interface and flesh samples. The number of bacteria detected in skin samples from carcasses chemically disinfected to kill skin surface bacteria was smaller than that in nondisinfected skin samples. These results indicate that the skin blending method used to quantify microorganisms on poultry carcass skin measures the skin layer flora and that the number of subcutaneous membrane or flesh bacteria measured is not normally large enough to have a significant influence on the results.


Effect of nitrite and nitrate on toxin production by Clostridium botulinum and on nitrosamine formation in perishable canned comminuted cured meat. Comminuted ham was formulated with different levels of sodium nitrite and nitrate, inoculated with Clostridium botulinum, and pasteurized to an internal temperature of 68.5 C. When added to the meat, nitrite concentrations decreased, and cooking had little effect on them. Nitrite concentrations decreased more rapidly during storage at 27 than at 7 C; however they remained rather constant at formulated levels throughout the experiment at both incubation temperatures. The level of nitrite added to the meat greatly influenced growth and toxin production of C. botulinum. The concentration of nitrite necessary to effect complete inhibition was dependent on the inoculum level. With 90 C. botulinum spores/g of meat, botulinum toxin developed in samples formulated with 150 but not with 200 mug of nitrite per g of meat. At a spore level of 5,000/g, toxin was detected in samples with 400 but not with 500 mug of nitrite per g of the product incubated at 27 C. At lower concentrations of nitrite, growth was retarded at both spore levels. No toxin developed in samples incubated at 7 C. Nitrate showed a statistically significant inhibitory effect at a given nitrite level; however, the effect was insufficient to be of practical value. Analyses for 14 volatile nitrosamines from samples made with varying levels of nitrite and nitrate were negative at a detection level of 0.01 mug of nitrite or nitrate per g of meat.


Delayed-incubation membrane-filter test for fecal coliforms. A delayed-incubation membrane-filter technique for fecal coliforms was developed and compared with the immediate fecal coliform test described in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (13th ed., 1971). Laboratory and field evaluations demonstrated that the delayed-incubation test, with the use of the proposed vitamin-free Casitone holding medium, produces fecal coliform counts which very closely approximate those from the immediate test, regardless of the source or type of fresh-water sample. Limited testing indicated that the method is not as effective when used with saline waters. The delayed-incubation membrane-filter test will be especially useful in survey monitoring or emergency situations when the standard immediate fecal coliform test cannot be performed at or near the sample site or when time and temperature limitations for water sample storage cannot be met. The procedure can also be used for analyzing the bacterial quality of water or waste discharges by a standardized procedure in a central examining laboratory remote from the sample source.


Survival of microorganisms in laundered polyester-cotton sheeting. The effects of wash-water temperature, cold-water or regular detergent, wash-cycle design, drying, and drying temperature on survival of four microorganisms on polyester-cotton sheeting were examined. Escherichia coli T3 bacteriophage survived washing at 24, 35, 46, and 57 C, but not at 68 C. Serratia marcescens survived only the lowest three wash temperatures. Levels of residual Staphylococcus aureus were diminished at the highest two wash temperatures, but survival was substantial even at 68 C. Counts of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores were not altered appreciably by wash temperature. Type of detergent had no practical effect on observed counts. The regular wash cycle was significantly more efficient in removal of microorganisms than the permanent-press cycle. Counts, especially of the bacteriophage and the gramnegative bacterium, were decreased by drying; after drying, the effects of wash-water temperature on S. aureus and B. stearothermophilus were not significantly different. Microorganisms were transferred from inoculated to sterilized sheeting during laundering. The public health significance of these observations is discussed.


Biosynthesis of prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens. Prodigiosenes (prodigiosin and prodigiosin-like pigments) are known to be synthesized by only one genus of Eubacteriales and by two genera of Actinomycetales. Biosynthesis by Serratia marcescens occurs over a relatively narrow range of temperatures, although the bacteria grow over a broad range. When cultures of S. marcescens were incubated at 27 C in 1.0% casein hydrolysate, viable count and protein attained maximal values within 24 to 48 h, whereas prodigiosin did not reach a maximum until 96 h. The greatest amount of pigment was synthesized when cultures were in the senescent phase of growth. Suspensions of nonproliferating bacteria incubated at 27 C in only L-alanine also synthesized prodigiosin, although at a slower rate than growing cultures. Kinetics of growth for the wild-type, red S. marcescens and a white mutant were identical when incubated at 27 C, but the wild type produced abundant pigment. These results plus other data obtained from the literature suggest that prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite. The importance of this proposal to understanding the function of prodigiosin in S. marcescens is discussed.


Microtiter plate agglutination test for Brucella canis antibodies. A micro-agglutination test for the antibodies to Brucella canis produced similar results to those obtained with the standard tube agglutination method in human and canine sera. The micromethod does provide an economical means of screening sera for the presence of antibodies.


Comparison of the direct agglutination and indirect hemagglutination tests in the determination of blood serum titers to Escherichia coli organisms. A comparison of the direct agglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of blood serum antibodies to Escherichia coli organisms indicated that these serological tests were comparable. In some instances the indirect hemagglutination test provided higher endpoint readings. Preparation of the antigens for the indirect hemagglutination test was more time consuming than for the direct agglutination test. Crude extract and purified polysaccharides were comparable as red blood cell sensitizing agents.


Autograft rejection in acutely burned patients: relation to colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae. The abrupt emergence of Streptococcus agalactiae in a population of acutely burned children is described in relationship to autograft rejection and the use of antibiotics to eradicate the organism from the patients.


Identification of Staphylococcus aureus by simultaneous use of tube coagulase and thermonuclease tests. A simple system is described for efficiently detecting both thermonuclease (heat-stable nuclease) and free coagulase for the routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus in the clinical laboratory. Valid discrepancies between these two tests are rare enough to permit the use of one test as a control of the other.


Effect of frozen storage time on heat inactivation of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin. Type E toxin of Clostridium botulinum, stored in the frozen state, retained its original toxicity level but lost its heat stability as the storage time increased.


Persistance to coliphage infection induced in Escherichia coli by growth in the presence of a surfactant. Heavy slime exudates surrounding Escherichia coli cells grown in media containing 1% sodium dodecybenzene sulfonate apparently block adsorption of coliphages to susceptible strains.


Effect of acetate upon the formation of acetoin in Klebsiella and Enterobacter and it possible practical application in a rapid voges-proskauer test. Acetate stimulates the formation of acetoin during 1-h incubation of Voges-Proskauer-positive strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Of these organisms, 124 of 126 strains were recognized as positive in the presence of acetate, and 106 were recognized as positive in its absence.


Immunological enhancement, blocking factors, and tolerance to tumours, transplants and foetuses.


Locked twins--an unusual case.

Locked twins--an unusual case.


An investigation of trophoblast iso-immunization in normal pregnancy.


Differences in the microfloras of the intestine and the bursa of Fabricius as illustrated by the coliform-Lactobacillus ratio in the two sites.


Airborne micro-organisms in poultry processing plants.


Evidence for a region specifically sensitive to electroanesthesia in the brain stem of the cat.


Preparation of surface membranes from isolated cells of newborn rat brain.


On the decrease in survival of U.V.-irradiated bacteriophage T1 by U.V.-irradiation of Escherichia coli B host.


Relative biological effectiveness of neutrons for prophage induction.


Aquinus foot. An analysis of the etiology, pathology and treatment techniques.


President's message: American Podiatry Association.


Effects of commonly used spices on human gastric secretion.


Obituary. Dr. S. S. Misra.

Obituary. Dr. S. S. Misra.


Biosocial aspects of life in Britain. Patterns of fertility.


Visualization of freezing damage.

Visualization of freezing damage. Freeze-cleaving can be used as a direct probe to examine the ultrastructural alterations of biological material due to freezing. We examined the thesis that at least two factors, which are oppositely dependent upon cooling velocity, determine the survival of cells subjected to freezing. According to this thesis, when cells are cooled at rates exceeding a critical velocity, a decrease in viability is caused by the presence of intracellular ice; but cells cooled at rates less than this critical velocity do not contain appreciable amounts of intracellular ice and are killed by prolonged exposure to a solution that is altered by the presence of ice. As a test of this hypothesis, we examined freeze-fractured replicas of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after suspensions had been cooled at rates ranging from 1.8 to 75,000 degrees C/min. Some of the frozen samples were cleaved and replicated immediately in order to minimize artifacts due to sample handling. Other samples were deeply etched or were rewarmed to -20 degrees C and recooled before replication. Yeast cells cooled at or above the rate necessary to preserve maximal viability ( approximately 7 degrees C/min) contained intracellular ice, whereas cells cooled below this rate showed no evidence of intracellular ice.


The fine structure, potassium content, and respiratory activity of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells prepared by improved enzymatic techniques. Further modifications of the enzymatic technique for the preparation of isolated, intact, parenchymal cells from rat liver as previously described by this laboratory are presented together with a detailed account of several critical factors involved during the procedure. In addition, the fine structure of the cells as revealed by electron microscopy and the characteristics of their respiratory activity in different media and with several added substrates are described. It is shown that cells obtained by adding calcium during the preparative procedure retain approximately 34% more potassium than cells prepared solely in a calcium-free medium. The former cells also demonstrate a higher respiratory activity, which is not due to uncoupling of respiration. Electron microscopy reveals that the cells have an intact plasma membrane and well-preserved intracellular organelles. Glycogen particles are observed in all cells and are particularly abundant when either 20 mM pyruvate is added during the preparation or Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium is employed.


Autoradiographic localization of new RNA synthesis in hypertrophying skeletal muscle. Work-induced growth of rat soleus muscle is accompanied by an early increase in new RNA synthesis. To determine the cell type(s) responsible for the increased RNA synthesis, we compared light autoradiographs of control and hypertrophying muscles from rats injected with tritiated uridine 12, 24, and 48 h after inducing hypertrophy. There was an increased number of silver grains over autoradiographs of hypertrophied muscle. This increase occurred over connective tissue cells; there was no increase in the number of silver grains over the muscle fibers. Quantitative studies demonstrated that between 70 and 80% of the radioactivity in the muscle that survived fixation and washing was in RNA. Pretreatment of the animals with actinomycin D reduced in parallel both the radioactivity in RNA and the number of silver grains over autoradiographs. Proliferation of the connective tissue in hypertrophying muscle was evident in light micrographs, and electron micrographs identified the proliferating cells as enlarged fibroblasts and macrophages; the connective tissue cells remained after hypertrophy was completed. Thus, proliferating connective tissue cells are the major site of the increase in new RNA synthesis during acute work-induced growth of skeletal muscle. It is suggested that in the analysis of physiological adaptations of muscle, the connective tissue cells deserve consideration as a site of significant molecular activity.


The use of ruthenium red in an electron microscope study of cytophagocytosis.


Visualization of polysaccharides in the cuticle of oligochaeta by the tris 1-aziridinyl phosphine oxide method. Demonstration of 62.5 and 185 Angstrom periodicities in cuticular fibers.


The localization of actin-like fibers in cultured neuroblastoma cells as revealed by heavy meromyosin binding.


Daisy Bridges--a tribute.

Daisy Bridges--a tribute.


The phenotypes of the eight disomics and trisomics of aspergillus nidulans.


Ecological influence of hexachlorophene on skin bacteria.


Interest in hybridization in Moravia before Mendel came to Brno.


Ralph K. Hollinshed, M.D. 1884-1973.

Ralph K. Hollinshed, M.D. 1884-1973.


Montaigne's insight in questioning heredity.


Alarm system for pressure failures in continuous positive airway pressure.


Related vibrio in stools.

Related vibrio in stools.


Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in children with malignancies.


Abnormal Rebuck skin window response in kwashiorkor.


Extramembranous glomerulonephritis in children: report of 50 cases.


Cytocentrifugation in central nervous system leukemia.


Fetal anomalies following maternal trimethadione ingestion.


Recurrent macroscopic hematuria, focal nephritis, and mesangial deposition of immunoglobulin and complement.


Extramembranous glomerulonephritis (membranous glomerulopathy).


Effects of ionizing radiation on in vitro replication of DNA by DNA polymerase I.


Elongation factor-viral genome interaction dependent on the aminoacylation of TYMV and TMV RNAs.


The distribution of deaths from congenital malformations of the nervous system.


Hypoglycemia in infancy and childhood. I.


Ureteral complications in human renal transplantation. An analysis of 180 cases.


Effect of tolfenamic acid in rheumatoid arthritis.


Trial design for assessing initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy.


Pyelo-ureteritis cystica. Report of two cases and review of literature.


Kidney transplantation in inbred rats.

Kidney transplantation in inbred rats.


Therapy and origin of large pancreatic pseudocysts.


Friends, faculties, fluoridation, and faith.


Pyelocystostomy in a renal allograft.

Pyelocystostomy in a renal allograft.


The operating room gown as a barrier to bacterial shedding.


Subtotal parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism thirty-two months after renal transplantation.


Intrahepatic abscesses: amebic and pyogenic.


Kidney transplantation from living related donors with multiple vessels. A problem revisited.


King Henry the Eighth.

King Henry the Eighth.


Renal transplantation in young children.


Discrepancies in the enumeration of Escherichia coli. Stationary-phase cells of Escherichia coli were enumerated by the pour plate method on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.3% yeast extract (TSYA), violet red-bile agar, and desoxycholate-lactose agar, and by the most-probable-number method in Brilliant Green-bile broth and lauryl sulfate broth. Maximum counts were assumed to be those on TSYA. In general, numbers detected were lower with the selective solid media and higher with the selective liquid media. Inhibitory effects, especially on selective solid media varied with the strains of E. coli. The lower detection on selective solid media was partly due to the stress induced in some cells by the temperature of the melted media used in the pour plate method. These cells apparently failed to repair and form colonies in the selective media. Improved detection on the selective solid media was achieved by using 1% nonfat milk solids, 1% peptone, or 1% MgSO(4).7H(2)O in the dilution blanks. Higher detection on selective agar media was effected by surface plating or by surface-overlay plating of the cells. The surface-overlay method appeared to be superior for the direct enumeration of E. coli in foods.


Factors influencing detection of salmonellae in rendered animal by-products. Detection of salmonellae in animal by-products is influenced by the enrichment and plating media and by quantity of product tested, and is related to the total plate count. A linear relationship exists between detection of salmonellae and total plate counts from 10(4) through 10(7) per gram.


Enumeration of Escherichia coli in frozen samples after recovery from injury. More than 90% of the surviving cells of Escherichia coli NCSM were injured after freezing in water at -78 C. Injury was determined by the ability of cells to form colonies on Trypticase soy agar with yeast extract but not on violet red-bile agar and deoxycholate-lactose agar. Exposure of the injured cells to Brilliant Green-bile broth and lauryl sulfate broth prevented subsequent colony formation on Trypticase soy agar with yeast extract. The freeze-injury could be repaired rapidly in a medium such as Trypticase soy broth with yeast extract (TSYB). The repaired cells formed colonies on violet red-bile agar and deoxycholate-lactose agar and were not inhibited by Brilliant Green-bile broth and lauryl sulfate broth. At least 90% of the cells repaired in TSYB within 30 min at 20 to 45 C and began multiplication within 2 h at 25 C. When the cells were frozen in different foods, 60 to 90% of the survivors were injured. Repair of the injured cells occurred in foods during 1 h at 25 C, but generally repair was greater and more reproducible when the foods were incubated in TSYB. The study indicated that the repair of freeze-injured coliform bacteria should be accomplished before such cells are exposed to selective media for their enumeration.


Comparative resistance of nonsporogenic bacteria to low-temperature gamma irradiation. A total of 36 microorganisms, comprising 19 species of 11 genera, were screened for radiation resistance with (60)Co gamma rays at a radiation temperatore of -80 +/- 2 C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) under vacuum. Micrococcus radiodurans was the most resistant organism. An initial population of 2.8 x 10(5) cells per dose of this species survived 2.4 but not 2.7 Mrad. Of the remaining 18 species with initial populations of about 10(6) cells per dose, Streptococcus faecium survived 0.9 to 1.5 Mrad, depending on the strain tested. S. faecalis QM survived 0.9 but not 1.2 Mrad. S. faecalis 1539 and Alcaligenes faecallis survived 0.6 but not 0.9 Mrad. Three species of Salmonella, one strain each of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus lactis, and Aerobacter aerogenes survived 0.3 but not 0.6 Mrad. The remaining 22 bacteria did not survive 0.3 Mrad, the lowest dose tested. Detailed survival curve determinations for four strains of S. faecium, the most resistant of the test bacteria of public health significance, indicated the following order of resistance at -80 C: alpha21 > theta12 = F(6) > FEC. Each strain produced two exponential survival curves with different slopes, the breaks occurring at 0.3 to 0.5 Mrad. The D values (doses which reduce the microbial population by 90%) of the more resistant cell fractions were two- to three-fold higher than the more sensitive cell fraction. The resistance of strain alpha21 was determined at different radiation temperature (+5, -30, -80, -140, -196 C). The D value-radiation temperature relationship followed a quadratic equation. Computations of E(a) and Q(10) values (activation energy and temperature coefficient, respectively) showed a very small thermodynamic effect on radiation death. An Arrhenius evaluation of the temperature effect on cell kill indicated that there was no simple physicochemical mechanism which might explain the change in D value as a function of temperature.


Modifications of the growth inhibition test and its application to human T-mycoplasmas. Several factors were found to influence the growth inhibition test. Inoculum size and amount of antiserum are well known variables, but the method of applying the antiserum, the incubation temperature, and the pH of the agar medium also play significant roles. The growth inhibition test modified according to these findings was found to be specific and well suited for the classification and identification of human T-mycoplasmas.


An anaerobic chemostat that permits the collection and measurement of fermentation gases. A chemostat was designed to allow anaerobic growth in the culture vessel in the absence of a continuous stream of O(2)-free gas. Produced gases were collected within the culture and collection vessels, and pressure build-up was prevented by allowing gases to expand into a collapsed football bladder. The culture overflow was collected in a flask, held at 0 C, that was emptied by applying a positive CO(2) pressure to the system. Ruminococcus albus, a H(2) and CO(2)-producing anaerobe, was used to test the operation of the apparatus. H(2) production was measured by sampling the various gas spaces of known volume and measuring H(2) concentration by gas chromatography. Measurement of accumulated fermentation gases and the effects of the accumulation on fermentations can be studied with the apparatus.


Degradation of methylmercury by bacteria isolated from environmental samples. A total of 207 bacterial cultures, isolated from environmental samples, was screened for ability to degrade methylmercury. Of these, 30 were found positive for aerobic demethylation. Twenty-two of these were shown to be facultative anaerobes and 21 of these degraded methylmercury anaerobically. All positive species volatilized methylmercury aerobically, and methane was produced as a degradation product. Although methylmercury degradation was complete in most cases, material balances indicated some of the inorganic mercury formed was not volatilized and is presumed bound to the cells. All positive isolates were tolerant to at least 0.5 mug of methylmercury per ml, and the extent of volatilization of mercury increased with concentration to the threshold value. The results indicate that demethylating species are prevalent in the environment and may be important in suppressing the methylmercury content of sediments.


Pour-plate method for the detection of coagulase production by Staphylococcus aureus. A pour-plate method is described for the detection of coagulase production by Staphylococcus aureus. Either Brain Heart Infusion agar or yeast extract-Trypticase soy agar containing swine plasma was the best medium for the detection of coagulase by this method. The advantages of this method and its potential utilization in the clinical laboratory, in food microbiology, and in specialized studies with S. aureus are discussed.


Potential pathogens in the environment: isolation, enumeration, and identification of seven genera of intestinal bacteria associated with small green pet turtles. Bacteriological analyses were performed on fecal swabs and the aquarium water of 27 individually purchased specimens of the small green pet turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Representatives of Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, and Serratia were isolated. Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Salmonella were encountered in 20% or more of the specimens, whereas Aeromonas was isolated from 63%. Klebsiella pneumoniae counts ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) per milliliter of aquarium water, whereas Aeromonas routinely exceeded 10(4) per milliliter. Aeromonas cultures from turtles were identical to 7 human isolates in some 29 biochemical tests. On the basis of our findings, we question whether the Salmonella-free certification program alone is sufficient to render these reptiles as safe pets.


Chlamydospore production and germ-tube formation by auxotrophs of Candida albicans. A prototrophic strain and 21 auxotrophic strains of Candida albicans were assessed for their capacity to produce chlamydospores and germ tubes. All of the mutants were able to produce germ-tubes in human serum but only two mutants produced them in defined medium with L-alpha-amino-n-butyric acid as the sole source of nitrogen. Most auxotrophs were not able to produce chlamydospores on corn meal agar with 1% Tween 80, but they could be induced to do so if the medium was supplemented with their growth requirement(s). Although L-cysteine was able to support the growth of two methionine mutants, it did not support chlamydospore formation when added to corn meal agar with 1% Tween 80. Mutants of C. albicans that do not form chlamydospores could be incorrectly identified in laboratories that rely on chlamydospore formation for identification.


Yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase. I. New methods of purification, assay, and crystallization.


The variable subunit structure of lysine-sensitive aspartylkinase from Escherichia coli TIR-8.


Yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase. 3. Active-site mapping by electrophilic reagents and binding measurements.


Scission of Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid in alkali.


Nuclear relaxation and kinetic studies of the role of Mn 2+  in the mechanism of enolase.


Laboratory identification of clinically important aerobic actinomycetes. A battery of morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests, including paper chromatographic analysis of whole cell hydrolysates, was used to study 177 cultures of aerobic actinomycetes. One hundred thirty-five of the 177 were submitted as diagnostic laboratory specimens; of these, 129 were identified as belonging to 1 of 10 genus or species groups. The tests and procedures used were found to be relatively easy to perform and interpret. On the basis of the results, a flow chart was devised to permit the step by step identification of unknown clinical isolates of these organisms.


Dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli K12: effects of triton X-100 and phospholipids.


History of the polygraphy, an instrument for the detection of deception.


Magnesium sensitivity of L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in Escherichia coli.


Pilot evaluation of Orap (pimozide, R 6238) in child psychiatry.


Anaesthesia and carbohydrate metabolism.


Solubility coefficients for inhaled anaesthetics for water, oil and biological media.


Ultraviolet irradiation of the components of the wheat embryo in vitro protein synthesizing system.


The effects of trauma on carbohydrate metabolism.


Variation with temperature of the solubilities of inhaled anaesthetics in water, oil and biological media.


Detection of Australia antigen in liver biopsies by immunofluorescence. A search for Australia antigen (AuAg) was made by immunofluorescence in 105 liver biopsies obtained from the same number of patients. No specific fluorescence was observed in 38 cases of acute viral hepatitis (19 of them seropositive for AuAg) or in 55 seronegative patients with various liver disorders or in 8 seronegative patients with histologically normal livers. However, specific fluorescence was seen in two cases: in the single case of chronic aggressive hepatitis seropositive for AuAg and in one of three cases of chronic persistent hepatitis with AuAg-positive sera. The fluorescence observed was mainly intranuclear when cellular suspensions were used, but cytoplasmic fluorescence was more prominent when observations were made on cryostat sections. The finding of AuAg by immunofluorescence in liver cells in chronic but not in acute forms of hepatitis seropositive for AuAg is consistent with the hypothesis of an important role of cellular immunity directed against infected cells in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis.


Circulatory and ventilatory adaptations at the start of exercise in normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.


Effect of prostaglandins A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , E 2  and F 2   on forearm arterial bed and superficial hand veins in man.


Energy metabolism during exercise after fenfluramine.


Evaluation of a community mental health role using a structured Q sort.


Comparison of absorption rates of glucose and maltose in man in vivo.


Central pain and central therapy of pain.


Neutrophil chemotactic factors in gingival crevice material.


Treatment of gingivitis with Cavitron or hand instruments: a comparative study.


Methoxypropriocin (RS-3540); clinical study on 40 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.


Histochemical distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system of the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata.


Ultrastructural changes in canine lung allografts.


Modified Grice operation for correction of paralytic plano-valgus feet.


Epithelial dystrophy of the vulva.

Epithelial dystrophy of the vulva.


Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum.


Curriculum objectives.

Curriculum objectives.


Migration of Y-bearing human spermatozoa in cervical mucus.


Variations in the structural character and stability of the nuclear chromatin in morphologically normal human spermatozoa.


The plasma membrane of ram, boar and bull spermatozoa.


Cover story: Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, FRS.


Rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis.


Neuropathic joint disease (Charcot joints).


Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's disease).


Factor requirement of the bacteriophage f2 replicase.


Thiophosphorylation of alkaline phosphatase.


Position of the fluorescence spectrum maxima of external tryptophan residues in proteins.


A new method of characterizing the primary structure of DNA: the use of a polynomial for describing the tendencies of the distribution of pyrimidine blocks of different lengths in DNA.


Human relations: the uncontrolled variable in double-blind clinical trials.


The interaction of 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)-benzylidene derivatives of mono- and oligonucleotides with ribosomes.


Influence of the functional state of the mitochondrial membranes on processes of transcription of DNA of the mitochondria.


Functional evaluation of isolated kidneys preserved in view of transplantation. Simultaneous detection of  131 I hippuran and  125 I hypaque curves.


The stability of fixed ribosomes during centrifugation in a cesium chloride gradient.


Interaction of glutamic acid apodecarboxylase with analogs of pyridoxal phosphate.


Effect of additives in xenon-133 injection.


Clinical pharmacology of tobramycin in newborns.


A study of endocardial endothelium using freeze-drying and scanning electron microscopy.


Radioisotope scanning for tumors of the head and neck.


Squamous cell cancer of the buccal mucosa. A review of 90 cases.


The forehead flap. Technique and complications.


Carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Carcinoma of the oral cavity.


Sensory mechanisms involved in the Bezold-Jarisch effect.


Puromycin dependent formation of initial peptides as a method to measure the initiation.


The one-wavelength, two-area method in ultraviolet cytophotometry. A study of the DNA, content of lymphocytes of different sizes.


The 5'-termini of the oligonucleotides from ribonuclease T 1 digested E. coli ribosomes.


A role for a pyridoxne derivative in the multivalent repression of the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzymes.


Synthesis and biological activities of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) substituted in position 1 or 2.


An aspiration cytodiagnostic test for gouty arthritis: a case report.


Characterization of mycoplasmatales virus DNA.


Formation of a 5  hydroxy sterol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Purification of thiamine-binding protein from Escherichia coli.


Protein binding of small molecules. I. Effect of pH and inorganic salts on the combination of phenol red with proteins.


Photooxidation of histidine residues in asparaginase in relation to its enzymic activity.


Mechanisms in protein synthesis. XIV. Competitive inhibition of natural mRNA-stimulated amino acid incorporation by aminoacyl-tRNA.


About the role of protamine in transfection.


Results of renal transplantation.

Results of renal transplantation.


Malaria reference laboratory.

Malaria reference laboratory.


Colonel K. H. A. Gross.

Colonel K. H. A. Gross.


J. W. S. Blacklock.

J. W. S. Blacklock.


A. M. Boyd.

A. M. Boyd.


F. P. Anderson.

F. P. Anderson.


V. Mary Crosse.

V. Mary Crosse.


Analysis of disappearance time-curves after single injection of labelled proteins.


General discussion.

General discussion.


Progress in prophylaxis: rubella.

Progress in prophylaxis: rubella.


Regulatory factors in the synthesis of plasma proteins by the isolated perfused rat liver.


IgM turnover in man.

IgM turnover in man.


The role of cell-surface receptors in the transport and catabolism of immunoglobulins.


Acute-phase proteins in wound healing.

Acute-phase proteins in wound healing.


The endocrine elements of the digestive system.


Carolus Linnaeus and his life as a physician.


Activities of specific cell constituents in phagocytosis (endocytosis).


The combined stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by estradiol and endotoxin.


Renal transplantation: selective preliminary bilateral nephrectomy.


Spontaneous rupture of renal allotransplants.


Perinephric pseudocyst: a complication of renal transplantation.


Use of auto suture for construction of ileal conduits.


Transsacral cystectomy.

Transsacral cystectomy.


Ureteral reimplantation: Paquin's procedure after 12 years.


Pyelonephritis in young women. A 10- to 20- year follow-up.


Dose effect of immune ribonucleic acid fraction on antibody formation.


Adjuvant action of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on antibody response. II. Factors affecting its action.


Characteristics of group A streptococcal variants treated with mitomycin C. Appearance of cell wall galactosamine and uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase activity.


Modern trends in immunization.

Modern trends in immunization.


Early hospital discharge after myocardial infarction.


Long-term Shigella-carrier state.

Long-term Shigella-carrier state.


Doctors afield. Alexander Graham Bell, doctor of medicine.


C-peptide: a new method of assessing pancreatic beta-cell function.


Ethics of experimental therapeutics.

Ethics of experimental therapeutics.


Papova virus in urine after renal transplantation.


Colicin factor DNA: a single non-homologous region in Col E2-E3 heteroduplex molecules.


Douglas Peter Kennedy.

Douglas Peter Kennedy.


Philip Arnold Melville Heath.

Philip Arnold Melville Heath.


Effect of fusaric acid in Parkinson's disease.


Urinary tract infection revisited.

Urinary tract infection revisited.


Hepatitis in the Auckland dialysis unit.


The potential role of cats in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infections.


Partial glossectomy in preprosthetic surgery.


Neurologic complications arising from overfilled root canals. Report of a case.


Retained deciduous tooth fragments and periodontal lesions: radiographic, clinical, and histologic observations.


Decalcified allogeneic bone matrix implantation in joint spaces of rats.


The desensitizing effect of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide on hypersensitive dentin.


Pancreatic glucagon and glucagon-like material in tissues and plasma from human fetuses 6-26 weeks old.


Imported malaria in Cape Town.

Imported malaria in Cape Town.


The incidence of R factors among hospital strains of enterobacteriaceae.


In memoriam. Janet Robertson.

In memoriam. Janet Robertson.


Latent urinary tract infection (UTI) in schoolchildren.


Some unresolved problems in chronic respiratory disease.


High incidence of 'asymtomatic' urinary tract infection in infant schoolgirls.


Computer analysis of antimicrobial sensitivity test results; a preliminary study.


Fast scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic correlation of paraffin sections and chromosomes spreads of nickel-induced tumor.


Ultrastructure of macromeres in the cleavage of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda).


Results in corneal transplant surgery.

Results in corneal transplant surgery.


Birthstones and their medical mythology.


Summary of recent abstracts. 3. Malaria. 1.


Particle size distribution of rat lung residues after exposure to fiberglass dust clouds.


Mycoplasma and human reproductive failure. I. The occurrence of different Mycoplasmas in couples with reproductive failure. An epidemiological study of the occurrence of different Mycoplasmas in seminal fluid and in cervical secretions from patients with reproductive failure and in 2 control groups is described.  All patients underwent a series of fertility tests before inclusion in the study and those with abnormal findings were excluded.  Group A consisted of 36 couples in whom no cause of infertility could be found and group B of 19 couples in whom serum antibodies agglutinating donor sperm in different titers were detected in the women but not in the men.  2 control groups consisted of 40 women in group C attending a prenatal clinic and 23 men in group D married to women in the 3rd-9th month of pregnancy.  Among the subjects, sperm specimens were obtained from the men and cervical swabs from the women on the 2nd or 3rd day of the menstrual period and cultured for Mycoplasmas.  Cervical swabs taken after postcoital tests, and cervical and sperm specimens taken during the luteal phase were also cultured.  Cervical and sperm specimens from the controls were also cultured.  In group A, large colony-forming Mycoplamas were found in cervical secretions of 7 women and in seminal fluid of 2 men.  T-Mycoplasmas were found in both spouses in 28 couples and in 3 women and 2 men with negative partners.  In group B, large colony-forming Mycoplasmas were found in 2 women and 1 man whose partners were negative.  T-Mycoplasmas were isolated from both spouses in 17 of the 19 couples and from the wife only in 2 couples.  In group C, classical Mycoplasmas were found in 3 and T-Mycoplasmas in 9 of the 40 cases.  In group D, no classical Mycoplasmas were discovered but T-Mycoplasmas were found in 6 of the 23 cases.  The observed difference in frequency of T-Mycoplasmas between patient and control groups was highly significant statistically.  T-Mycoplasmas were found growing from the spermatozoa but not from the supernate in 7 of 10 specimens obtained from men in group B.  In 2 of the remaining 3 specimens, T-Mycoplasmas were found both in spermatozoa and in the supernate, while in the last specimen, no growth was found.


Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F 2   in the pregnant woman.


Examination of the recently delivered placenta by phase contrast microscopy.


Maternal cardiovascular dynamics. VI. Cesarean section under epidural anesthesia without epinephrine.


Endocervical cells in cervical smears.

Endocervical cells in cervical smears.


An improved surgical technique for the complicated hiatal hernia with gastroesophageal reflux.


Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula.

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula.


The cardiac lymphatics.

The cardiac lymphatics.


A new method of sternal approximation.

A new method of sternal approximation.


The pathogenesis of virulent and avirulent avian infectious bronchitis virus.


Implications of cancer immunity.

Implications of cancer immunity.


Immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis: a review.


Reconstruction of the lower eyelid utilizing the upper eyelid.


Enolase from the thermophile Thermus X-1.


Cation-exclusion chromatography on anion exchangers: application to nucleic acid components and comparison with anion-exchange chromatography.


Subunit structure of inosinic acid dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli.


Identification and properties of a sterol-binding polysaccharide isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


The ontogeny of insulin secretion mechanisms.


Biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharide from maltose by a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae incapable of maltose fermentation.


Livingstone's example.

Livingstone's example.


New horizons in medical ethics. Research investigations in adults.