Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of concanavalin A on the response of mouse spleen cell suspensions to antigen. I. Characterization of the inhibitory cell activity. The presence of concanavalin A (Con A) inhibits the immune response of mouse spleen cell suspensions to erythrocyte antigens, stimulates the incorporation of tritiated thymidine, and increases cell recovery. Con A also restores the depressed response of cell preparations treated to remove thymus-derived cells. The dose-response curve for all four effects shows peak activity at 2 microg/ml. The depressed in vitro response of spleen cell suspensions from adult thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow-restored mice is also restored by Con A. Here the dose-response curve is quite different with activity over a much wider range of concentration. The restoration of thymus-derived cell-depleted cultures by Con A is inhibited by the addition of untreated, unirradiated, mouse spleen cell suspensions, but is not inhibited by untreated, irradiated cells. Small numbers of spleen cells that have been preincubated with Con A and washed will inhibit the response of fresh, untreated cells to antigen. If the mouse spleen cell suspensions are incubated for 24 hr before the addition of Con A, the response to antigen is no longer inhibited but is stimulated instead. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that there are at least two cell targets for the action of Con A. One cell, that mediates the inhibitor effect, is a short-lived, radiosensitive, thymus-derived cell. The other cell, that mediates the stimulating effect, cannot be identified from the data presented here but may also be of thymus origin on the basis of studies by other investigators.


Rejection of ascites tumor allografts. II. A pathway for cell-mediated tumor destruction in vitro by peritoneal exudate lymphoid cells. A pathway for cell-mediated tumor destruction in vitro by immune peritoneal exudate lymphoid cells has been proposed. The union of lymphocytes and tumor cells precedes the formation of an intermediate phase leading to lysis. The initial interaction is only partially temperature dependent. The cytolytic process per se is highly temperature dependent, being negligible at 25 degrees C but proceeding rapidly at 37 degrees C. (51)Cr release from tumor cells is demonstrable within 10 min at 37 degrees C and can be reversibly arrested by cooling. Once initiated, lysis is largely independent of additional interactions and continues at almost full rate for 30 min. The effector cells are not lysed and appear to be free to enter into further effector cycles.


A neutrophil-immobilizing factor derived from human leukocytes. I. Generation and partial characterization. A factor has been derived from human leukocytes which irreversibly inhibits the response of human neutrophils to diverse chemotactic stimuli without impairing their viability. It is released by both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes during incubation in acidic medium, after endotoxin exposure and subsequent incubation in low potassium medium, and during phagocytosis of particles. It is extractable from both leukocyte types and therefore must be preformed. This chemotactic inhibitor is completely separable from contaminating chemotactic activity in the crude supernatants, has a mol wt of 5000, and is inactivated by digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin. It has been termed a neutrophil-immobilizing factor because it inhibits neutrophils directly and independently of the chemotactic stimulus, and has relatively little effect on human monocyte chemotaxis.


Stress disorders in childhood. First of 3 parts.


The effects of a new diuretic (metolazone) on pre-eclamptic toxaemia of pregnancy.


Sucrase deficiency in an infant with observations on its inheritance.


Reforms in forensic medicine.

Reforms in forensic medicine.


Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency in 2 siblings.


Conjunctivitis of the newborn.

Conjunctivitis of the newborn.


Infant mortality.

Infant mortality.


Teaching community medicine: building "town-gown" bridges.


Tachyarrhythmia with cirrhosis of the liver.


Emergency room responsibility.

Emergency room responsibility.


Hypophagia, hypodipsia, and hypoactivity following electrolytic lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei of mature rats of both sexes.


The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment on the accumulation of dopa and dopamine in brain and peripheral organs following L-dopa administration.


New experimental hosts for Posthodiplostomum minimum (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae).


Effect of temperature on development of the free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi.


Tetrapetalonema dunni sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Malaysian tree shrews.


Some aspects of cyst synthesis in mouse trichinosis.


Viruslike particles in a nematode.

Viruslike particles in a nematode.


Two new species of caryophyllid tapeworms from catostomid fishes in Tennessee.


Isoglaridacris agminis sp. n. (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) from the lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta (Lacépède).


Cyclophyllidean cestodes of Australian birds, with three new species.


Parvitaenia ibisae sp. n. (Cestoidea: Dilepididae), from birds in Florida.


Occurrence and concentrations of biogenic amines in trematodes.


Immunity in rats to superinfection with Fasciola hepatica.


Studies on helminths of North Dakota. V. Life history of Phyllodistomum nocomis fischthal, 1942 (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae).


An adjustable plastic collar for feeding ticks on ears of rabbits.


Monogenetic trematodes from New Providence Island, Bahamas.


The early development of Udonella caligorum Johnston, 1835 (Trematoda: Monogenea).


Volatile fatty acid production by parasitic fourth-stage Trichostrongylus colubriformis.


Infectivity of Trypanosoma brucei-subgroup flagellates maintained in culture.


The nasal mites of birds from Louisiana. IV. The genus Ptilonyssus (Dermanyssidae: Rhinonyssinae) with a description of two new species.


The nasal mites of birds from Louisiana. V. The Epidermoptidae (Turbinoptinae) and a descritpion of the male of Cytonyssus troglodyti Pence (Cytoditidae).


Buclypeus, new genus for Trombicula ignota Brennan, T. rotundiscutata Fauran, and two new species (Acarina: Trombiculidae).


Cytogenetics of ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea). 10. Chromosomes of the winter tick. Dermacentor albipictus (Ixodidae).


Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. 8. H. (Rhipistoma) moreli sp. n., a carnivore parasite of the H. (R.) leachi group (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae).


Biochemical and physiological studies of certain ticks (Ixodoidea). Osmotic pressure of hemolymph and gut and coxal fluids during the gonotrophic cycle of Argas (Persicargas) persicus (Oken) and A.(P.) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal, and Kohls (Argasidae).


Argulus melanostictus and other parasitic crustacenas on the California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis (Osteichthyes: Atherinidae).


Susceptibility of the Ilan race of Oncomelania hupensis formosana to the anthropophilic Philippine strain of Schistosoma japonicum.


Experimental infection of newborn lambs with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and E. ovina.


Isolation and labeling of Fasciola hepatica antigen active during the infection.


Occurrence of the lung fluke, Paragonimus caliensis, in Peru.


Echinococcus multilocularis: a possible domestic life cycle in central North America and its public health implications.


Comparative gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in naturally infected ewe and ram lambs.


Experimental infections of Angiostrongylus cantonensis by intrameningeal inoculations of third-stage larvae in laboratory rats.


Glycolytic enzymes in larval Moniliformis dubius.


Trypanosoma pacifica sp. n. from the English sole Parophrys vetulus Girard from Oregon.


Coccidia of the Leporidae.

Coccidia of the Leporidae.


Effects of ethidium bromide and several acridine dyes on the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania tropica.


The kinetic complexity of Paramecium macronuclear deoxyribonucleic acid.


The utilization of glucose and proline by culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei.


Proline metabolism in Leishmania donovani promastigotes.


Variation of the immune response to sheep erythrocytes in several strains of mice and their crosses.


Clinical, biochemical and electromyographic study in Egyptian lead workers.


Selective removal of neuraminidase from influenza A 2  viruses.


Purification of influenza virus hemagglutinin by affinity chromatography.


Excretion of some tryptophan metabolites in man exposed to carbon disulphide.


Formation of  -L- and  -D-fucosidase in cultures of Streptococcus mitis.


Study of the thyroid function in chronic carbon disulphide poisoning.


Effects of acute intravenous infusion of calcium chloride on the renal concentrating and diluting mechanisms in man.


Muscle capillary basement membrane in juvenile diabetes mellitus.


Chronic adult hypervitaminosis A with hypercalcemia.


Effect of nephrectomy and cholesterol feeding on the metabolism of intravenously administered DL-mevalonate in the rat.


Normal initial plasma insulin response in mild diabetes.


Comparative studies on the in vivo effects of tartar emetic, vitamin B 6 , and the chelating agent 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) on the functional capacity of the tryptophan-niacin pathway in patients with schistosomiasis.


Plasma and dietary cholesterol in infancy: effects of early low or moderate dietary cholesterol intake on subsequent response to increased dietary cholesterol.


Cancer--assuming a disunity.

Cancer--assuming a disunity.


Studies of insulin sensitivity in vivo in weanling rats with hypothalamic obesity.


The patient as an education participant in health care.


SDI (selective dissemination of information).


Care of the dying.

Care of the dying.


Nursing's contribution to the Care-Cure Dyad.


The coronary care unit.

The coronary care unit.


Eye injuries to hospital staff.

Eye injuries to hospital staff.


Breast cancer--a continuing enigma.

Breast cancer--a continuing enigma.


Practice attachment--how yet another did it.


Ask any woman.

Ask any woman.


Acute and chronic bronchitis: prevention and cure.


Ward eight--Bevendean Hospital.

Ward eight--Bevendean Hospital.


Nursing cadet schemes in the Oxford region.


People meeting people.

People meeting people.


Middle management training.

Middle management training.


An expanding role for nurses.

An expanding role for nurses.


A new hospital is born in Yorkshire.

A new hospital is born in Yorkshire.


Filing and retrieving information.

Filing and retrieving information.


The seroepidemiology of toxoplasma infection in man.


Selection for training of postgraduate physicians in occupational medicine.


The validity of professional training.

The validity of professional training.


Selection methods.

Selection methods.


Hyperparathyroidism with chondrocalcinosis and periarticular calcification.


Concurrent development of acute autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with rheumatoid arthritis.


Lesion of second lumbar vertebra.

Lesion of second lumbar vertebra.


Rheumatoid arthritis with anaemia and thrombocytopenia.


Vitamin D deficiency and hyperparathyroidism.


Necrobiotic nodules in association with hyperuricaemia and chondrocalcinosis.


Multiple myelomatosis from solitary myeloma of bone: 13-year survival.


Nephro-ureterectomy.

Nephro-ureterectomy.


Hamilton Stewart nephroplasty.

Hamilton Stewart nephroplasty.


Surgical management of renal papillary necrosis.


Corrosion and corrosion prevention in orthopaedic implants.


Early diagnosis of ruptures of the rotator cuff of the shoulder joint.


Posterior dislocation of the shoulder.

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder.


Treatment of severe fracture-dislocations of the shoulder.


Manipulative reduction of fracture-dislocations of the shoulder.


Psychiatric consultation in fatal illness.


The psychiatry of terminal illness in children.


General practice and the common market.

General practice and the common market.


General practice and the Common Market.

General practice and the Common Market.


Problem-solving and decision-making in primary medical practice.


Cardiomyopathy and neuromyopathic disorders: clinical aspects.


Cardiomyopathy and neuromyopathic disorders: pathological aspects.


Breathing and neurological disease.

Breathing and neurological disease.


Control of blood pressure in Parkinsonism.


Ocular involvement in tropical disease.

Ocular involvement in tropical disease.


Management of secondary glaucoma in early childhood.


Trachoma.

Trachoma.


Investigation of colonic and rectal disease. Arteriography.


Angiography in disease of the colon.

Angiography in disease of the colon.


The double-contrast enema.

The double-contrast enema.


Radiology of the colon.

Radiology of the colon.


Fibreoptic colonoscopy.

Fibreoptic colonoscopy.


Immunodiagnosis and gastrointestinal cancer.


Uptake of gallium-67 in colonic and rectal tumours.


Influence of tumour grading on choice of operation in rectal cancer.


Carcino-embryonic antigen levels in inflammatory disease of the large bowel.


Clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of colon and rectum.


Results of 'pull-through' operations for carcinoma of the rectum.


Familial mediterranean fever.

Familial mediterranean fever.


Viral hepatitis complicated by cholestasis and unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.


Q fever endocarditis with homograft valve replacements.


Proximal renal tubular acidosis.

Proximal renal tubular acidosis.


An ectopic thyroid.

An ectopic thyroid.


Acromegaly and pituitary apoplexy.

Acromegaly and pituitary apoplexy.


A bovine pulmonary disease resembling human diffuse fibrosing alveolitis.


Anorexia nervosa with multiple organic disorders in a young man.


Experimental bacterial endocarditis in the pig.


Labyrinthine convergence on vestibular nuclear neurons using natural and electrical stimulation.


Input to type-II neuron from the labyrinths.


Chronic mycobacterial enteritis in ruminants as a model of Crohn's disease.


Vestibulospinal effects on motoneurones and interneurones in the lumbosacral cord.


Some features in the anatomical organization of the vestibular nuclear complex in the cat.


Vestibulocerebellar input: physiology.

Vestibulocerebellar input: physiology.


Efferent vestibular fibers in the frog.

Efferent vestibular fibers in the frog.


Structural and functional aspects of extraocular muscles in relation to vestibulo-ocular function.


Frequency modulation of afferent and efferent unit activity in the vestibular nerve by oculomotor impulses.


Vestibulo-oculomotor relations: static responses.


Vestibulo-oculomotor relations: dynamic responses.


Physiological range of pressure difference and cupula deflections in the human semicircular canal: theoretical considerations.


Dynamic oculomotor reaction.

Dynamic oculomotor reaction.


Descending and reticular relations to the vestibular nuclei: anatomy.


Comparative anatomy of the vestibular nuclear complex in submammalian vertebrates.


Some reflexions on the relations between the reticular formation and the vestibular nuclei.


Labyrinthine input to reticular neurons.


Vestibular influences on the lateral geniculate nucleus.


Observations on morphological features and mechanical properties of the peripheral vestibular receptor system in the frog.


Light and electron microscopical data on the distribution and termination of primary vestibular fibers.


Responses of vestibular nuclear neurons to ampullar input.


Ultralong-acting sulphonamide (Fanasil).


Tolerance of elderly patients to major gynaecological surgery.


On philosophy of occupational therapy.

On philosophy of occupational therapy.


Niemann-Pick disease in an African child.


Systemic amyloidosis associated with micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia and factor X (Stuart factor) deficiency.


Epsilon-aminocaproic acid in the treatment of renal trauma.


Hypercalcaemia in acute renal failure of acute alcoholic rhabdomyolysis.


The role of the social worker.

The role of the social worker.


Regional variations in mortality from heart disease.


Mortality in Hawaii.

Mortality in Hawaii.


Hemangioma of the pancreas.

Hemangioma of the pancreas.


Summary of the papers of the symposium on ileus.


The effect of intravenous carbohydrates on various parameters in blood.


Determination of the direction of spiral coiling in Lymnaea peregra.


Analysis of histones from different tissues and embryos of Xenopus laevis (daudin). I. Technical problems in the purification of undegraded native total histone preparations.


Alpha-crystallin structural aspects and biosynthesis.


A comparative study on the effects of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole on explanted mouse and rat bone rudiments.


A new bioassay of progestational activity.


The effect of pinealectomy and of testosterone administration on the occurrence of hibernation in adult male golden hamsters.


A rare combination of dens invaginatus and mesiodens.


Quadricuspid pulmonary valve. Anatomical observations in 20 hearts.


Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery.


Dietary migraine.

Dietary migraine.


Pseudopapilledema.

Pseudopapilledema.


Saint's triad.

Saint's triad.


Pneumonia.

Pneumonia.


Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.

Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.


Determination of primary site by examination of cancer cells in body fluids.


Sickle cell dactylitis: histopathologic observations.


Cryofibrinogenemia: incidence, clinical correlations, and a review of the literature.


Blood bank quality control. I. Whole blood parameters.


An evaluation of three serum enzyme determinations by manual and multichannel analyzer methods.


Variations in the preservation of bank blood due to processing.


Removal of the spinal cord in continuity with the brain at autopsy.


Chemical analysis of massive crystalluria following primidone overdose.


Possible link between cholinesterase activity and lipoprotein.


Serum DNA levels in patients with malignant disease.


Cold agglutinins and the Coulter Counter Model S.


Observations on the prognosis and course of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.


The management of Hirschsprung's disease in the neonate.


Exploration of the left heart by a retrograde arterial approach (Seldinger's method) in infants and children.


Pharyngeal incoordination from birth to three years, with recurrent bronchopneumonia and ultimate recovery.


Obstructed umbilical hernia in children: two case reports.


Gall bladder disease in childhood.

Gall bladder disease in childhood.


Criteria of de-adherence of hydrophobic associations in proteins.


Studies on bovine pancreatic lipase and colipase.


Lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the ovary of the laying hen.


In vitro elongation and desaturation of fatty acids during development of insects.


Hepatic lipogenesis in fasted, re-fed rats and mice: response to dietary fats of differing fatty acid composition.


The formation of lecithin from lysolecithin in rat lung supernatant.


Purification of phospholipase D from peanuts.


Studies on the relationship of the synthesis of prostaglandins to the biological activity of essential fatty acid.


Radioautographic and chemical evidence for (5- 3 H)mevalonate incorporation into cholesterol by rat villous absorptive cells.


Ionic properties of beef brain gangliosides.


Electrical fluctuations associated with active transport. Measurements were made of the spectrum of the voltage fluctuations developed in the 0.025-10 Hz band during active transport by frog abdominal skin with Ringer's solution on both sides. Decreasing the potential across the skin by an external supply of current diminishes the voltage fluctuations, but they do not disappear, reaching a minimum finite value. Thus, fluctuations in both the resistance of the skin and the electric current attendant to the active transport of sodium contribute to the voltage fluctuations. Ouabain eliminates the current fluctuations but not those of the resistance. At 20 degrees C, the spectral intensities of the resistance and current fluctuations are nearly identical, varying as 1/f(a), where f is frequency and a = 1.6-2.0. At 32 degrees C, the spectrum of the voltage fluctuations is sigmoid shaped, evidencing a relaxation process with a time constant of 0.6 sec. The fluctuations can be accounted for by stochastic variations in the concentration of a complex formed between a carrier molecule, fixed or mobile, and the actively transported species, sodium.


Mass transfer from gas bubbles to impinging flow of biological fluids with chemical reaction. The rates of mass transfer from a gas bubble to an impinging flow of a biological fluid such as whole blood and plasma are investigated analytically and experimentally. Gases commonly found dissolved in body fluids are included. Consideration is given to the effects of the chemical reaction between the dissolved gas and the liquid on the rate of mass transfer. Through the application of boundary layer theory the over-all transfer is found to be Sh/(Re)(1/2) = 0.845 Sc(1/3) in the absence of chemical reaction, and Sh/(Re) (1/2) = F' (0) in the presence of chemical reaction, where Sh, Re, and Sc are the Sherwood, Reynolds, and Schmidt numbers, respectively, and F' (0) is a function of Sc and the dimensionless reaction rate constant. Analytical results are also obtained for the bubble lifetime and the bubble radius-time history. These results, which are not incompatible with experimental results, can be applied to predict the dissolution of the entrapped gas emboli in the circulatory system of the human body.


An x-ray diffraction study of contracting molluscan smooth muscle. The living anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus (ABRM), a smooth, "catch" muscle, has been studied by X-ray diffraction while relaxed and while tonically contracted. X-ray reflections were observed from the actin and paramyosin filaments and from the alpha-helical substructure of the paramyosin filaments. No differences in spacings or relative intensities were observed when the relaxed and contracting muscle patterns were compared. This result is consistent with a sliding filament mechanism involving an interaction between actin and paramyosin filaments.


The rotating Fourier's ring. An alternative model for cell kinetic studies. A simple method of simulating cell kinetics experiments, suitable for use on small generally available computers and capable of any degree of accuracy without increase of store required, is described. No assumption is necessary as to cycle-time distribution; the computer program, after being adjusted to generate percentage labeled mitosis curves, will then, on being supplied with different data, generate the cycle-time distribution curve.


Computer simulation of after-inhibition in crayfish slowly adapting stretch receptor neuron. A theoretical model is described which is able to mimic the responses of slowly adapting stretch receptor neurons of crayfish to applied currents. Its principal feature is postspike inhibition, in which each nerve impulses produces a small inhibitory current that decays with a simple exponential time-course that is long compared with normal interspike intervals. The model was simulated with both an analogue and a digital computer. Parameters for particular model neurons were determined both by an analysis of experimental data obtained from adaptation to constant injected currents, and by matching computer output to the data. Parameter values estimated by the two techniques agreed within +/-10%. Model parameters determined from adaptation data successfully predicted the magnitude and time-course of posttetanic hyperpolarization (PTH) in the stretch receptor neuron. In addition, model neurons were able to reproduce posttetanic depression (PTD) as seen in stretch receptor cells.


Model simulation of blood flow and oxygen uptake during exercise. We developed a dynamic model to account for blood flow in the working muscle during step changes in work rate. The model contains a proportional controller based on oxygen tension in the muscle and a description of the various oxygen-equivalent energy stores. Because of nonlinearities only particular solutions can be obtained. Such solutions were obtained via the finite difference method for various work levels and regimens. Model predictions are presented in comparisons with new experimental data, and with data reported in the literature. The changes in oxygen-equivalent energy stores and in muscle blood flow occur very rapidly after onset of exercise, with at least 90% of the steady-state response being reached within 90 sec.


Voltage clamp of cardiac muscle. A theoretical analysis of early currents in the single sucrose gap. A theoretical model is presented for the early currents in the voltage clamp of cardiac muscle using the single sucrose gap technique. The preparation is represented by a single one-dimensional active cable with modified Hodgkin-Huxley membrane and the interent imperfections in the technique are also included, e.g., leakage through the sucrose gap and resistance in series with the membrane in the test compartment. The stability of the control system was found to depend on the position of the control point with respect to the sucrose gap border. Computed currents for a stable system closely resembled those in the literature and those from a near-ideal system (e.g., squid axon.) The potential immediately across the membrane, however (not including potential drops across the series resistance external to the membrane), was found to be essentially uncontrolled and the "current-voltage" relationship was shown to be almost independent of membrane properties.


Proton dispersion forces. Secondary-structure stabilizing forces between the hydrogen bonds of the polynucleotides. In the double helix formed by the semiprotonated polycytidylic acid (poly C), both strands are linked via NH(+)...N hydrogen bonds. It is a known fact that such symmetrical hydrogen bonds with a double minimum potential well are extremely polarizable. This polarizability causes interaction effects, in particular the proton dispersion forces between such hydrogen bonds. These forces result in a shift of the energy levels and a continuum is observed in the infrared (IR) spectra of solutions in which such hydrogen bonds are present. The continuum occurs in the IR spectrum of the semiprotonated poly C, when the former is present in coiled state. If the double helix forms, an extremely broad band of the NH stretching vibration is observed instead of the continuum, since in the double helix all hydrogen bonds are oriented equally to one another and polarize each other mutually to a strong degree. The proton dispersion forces between the hydrogen bonds balance a considerable part of the electrostatic repulsion of the protons and hence enable the double helix to form. It is conceivable that an unsymmetrical double minimum potential well is present in the NH...N bonds in the DNA and RNA. Such bonds may likewise be considerably more polarizable than electron systems and thus, in this case too, proton dispersion forces would contribute to helix stabilization.


Spatial distribution of potential in a flat cell. Application to the catfish horizontal cell layers. An analytical solution is obtained for the three-dimensional spatial distribution of potential inside a flat cell, such as the layer of horizontal cells, as a function of its geometry and resistivity characteristics. It was found that, within a very large range of parameter values, the potential is given by [Formula: see text] where r = rho/rho(0), z = z/rho(0), rho = (R(i)/R(m)).rho(0), delta = h/rho(0); K is a constant; J is the assumed synaptic current; rho, z are cylindrical coordinates; rho(0) is the radius of the synaptic area of excitation; h is the cell thickness; and R(i), R(m) are the intracellular and membrane resistivities, respectively. Formula A closely fits data for the spatial decay of potential which were obtained from the catfish internal and external horizontal cells. It predicts a decay which is exponential down to about 40% of the maximum potential but is much slower than exponential below that level, a characteristic also exhibited by the data. Such a feature in the decay mode allows signal integration over the large retinal areas which have been observed experimentally both at the horizontal and ganglion cell stages. The behavior of the potential distribution as a function of the flat cell parameters is investigated, and it is found that for the range of the horizontal cell thicknesses (10-50 mu) the decay rate depends solely on the ratio R(m)/R(i). Data obtained from both types of horizontal cells by varying the diameter of the stimulating spot and for three widely different intensity levels were closely fitted by equation A. In the case of the external horizontal cell, the fit for different intensities was obtained by varying the ratio R(m)/R(i); in the case of the internal horizontal cell it was found necessary, in order to fit the data for different intensities, to vary the assumed synaptic current J.


Influence of electrolytes on the thicknesses of the phospholipid bilayers of lamellar lecithin mesophases. Over a wide range of water contents, aqueous lecithin-water mixtures are mesophases in which lecithin bilayers alternate with water layers. This paper reports on low-angle X-ray diffraction measurements of the effects of electrolytes, at 1.0 N concentration, on the thicknesses of the bilayers in mesophases formed by the synthetic lecithin: 1-octadec-9-enyl-2-hexadecylglycerophosphocholine. With solutions of LiCl, NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), KCl, and CsCl, the bilayer thicknesses are less than with pure water. The maximum reduction in bilayer thickness with these electrolytes is about 10% and occurs with mesophases of high content of KCl and CsCl solutions. With HCl solutions the bilayer thicknesses are about 5% greater than with pure water, and with CaCl(2) solutions the bilayer thicknesses are about the same as with pure water. The maximum amount of solution which can be mixed with lecithin before a second, purely aqueous phase is formed is also affected by electrolytes, the order for the various 1.0 N solutions being CsCl = KCl > NaCl > Na(2)SO(4) > (pure water) = LiCl > CaCl(2).


Locomotion of Spirilla.

Locomotion of Spirilla. The hydromechanics of spirilla locomotion is analyzed by considering the balance of both rectilinear and angular momenta of the surrounding viscous fluid which is otherwise at rest. The physical model of Spirillum adopted for the present analysis consists of a rigid helical body with flagella attached to both ends of the helix. The motion is supposed to be activated first by the polar flagella, both rotating in the same sense, thus causing the helical body to rotate in the opposite sense in angular recoil, which in turn pushes the body forward in response to the balance of linear momentum of the surrounding fluid. The sweeping back of the polar flagella during forward motion is ascribed to a certain bending flexibility of the flagella and of their conjunction with the body. Based on this model some quantitative results for Spirillum movement are predicted, and are found to be consistent with existing experimental data.


Stimulus intensity and prefrontal lesion effects on latencies of the bar-pressing avoidance response in cats.


Direct and indirect coronary surgery.

Direct and indirect coronary surgery.


Effects of surgery on angina (pre- and postinfarction) and myocardical function (failure).


Kidney function and glomerular permeability to macromolecules in juvenile diabetes with special reference to early changes.


Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene at the 4,5-position.


Radioprotective effect of groundnut oil.


A fluorometric method for the estimation of aflatoxins.


Asparagine synthesis in the brain of normal & tumour bearing mice.


Lipoprotein electrophoresis in sucrose medium.


Vitamin A 2  in liver oils of fresh water fishes.


Conformational change of adsorbed nucleohistone from microelectrophoretic study.


Subcellular distribution of aminolipid in buffalo kidney.


Incorporation of radioactivity from different radioactive sugar nucleotides into different polysaccharides.


Positional distribution of fatty acids in leaf lecithins.


Microelectrophoretic study of the conformational change of gum tragacanth on the solid-liquid interface.


Conformation of peptide chains containing both L- & D-residues. I. Helical structures with alternating L- & D-residues with special reference to the LD-ribbon & the LD-helices.


Effect of certain salts on cross-linking of lathyritic collagen.


Studies on dinitrophenylation of lysozyme at pH 7.2--effect of modification on enzyme activity.


Enzymatic formation of L- & D-2-pyrrolidone 5-carboxylic acid from L- & D-glutamic acid in human skin & albino rat epidermis.


Enzymatic & physico-chemical properties of DNP derivatives of lysozyme obtained at pH 9.I.


Elucidation of causes responsible for the elevation of alanine aminotransferase in serum of rabbits treated with enovid.


Biosynthesis of cerebroside sulphate in brain. I. Studies on the nature of the endogenous sulphate acceptor from sheep brain.


In vitro & in vivo synthesis & release of ( 3 H)retinol-albumin complex in the protein deficient rat.


Relative rates of retinyl palmitate & ( 3 H)retinol absorption in protein deficient rat.


Electric dichroism studies of macromolecules in solutions. I. Theoretical considerations of electric dichroism and electrochromism.


Stereopopulation control. I. Rate enhancement in the lactonizations of 0-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acids.


Stereopopulation control. II. Rate enhancement of intramolecular nucleophilic displacement.


Stereopopulation control. 3. Facilitation of intramolecular conjugate addition of the carboxyl group.


Polynucleotides. XVI. Oligomers of 8,2'-anhydro-8-mercapto-9-( -D-arabinofuranosyl)adennine 5'-monophosphate.


Synthetic studies on tetrodotoxin and related compounds. 3. A stereospecific synthesis of an equivalent of acetylated tetrodamine.


Volume changes accompanying the formation of double-stranded polyriboadenylic acid.


Synthetic studies on tetrodotoxin and related compounds. IV. Stereospecific total syntheses of DL-tetrodotoxin.


Synthesis of 13-cis-prostaglandins via a highly stereoselective conjugate addition with a functionalized organocopper reagent.


Failure of DEAE Sephadex feeding to lower blood and milk lipids of cows.


The variation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase during the menstrual cycle.


Age-dependent effects of 5-methoxytryptophol and melatonin on testes and comb growth of the white leghorn (Gallus domesticus L.).


Endometrial cystic glandular hyperplasia in adolescent girls.


The effect of methyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive on the human Fallopian tube and endometrium.


Hypercalcaemia associated with an ovarian carcinoma of mesonephromatous type.


An evaluation of humoral antibody responses in patients with carcinoma of the cervix.


The excretion of glucose during normal pregnancy.


Effects of human pregnancy on glucose and fructose tolerance to a sucrose meal.


Changes in plasma oestriol concentration associated with the onset of labour.


Maternal plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels during therapeutic abortion induced by intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F 2  .


Haematological characteristics and menstrual blood losses.


Factors affecting myometrial activity during pregnancy. The relationship between the concentration of progesterone in peripheral venous plasma and in strips of myometrial tissue from 17 pregnant women has been studied.  In addition, the sensitivity of 39 myometrial strips to various stimulants was examined by an "in vitro" technique.  The responses were assessed in relation to the endogenous levels of progesterone, length of gestation, and parity of the subject.  The results indicate that although the levels of progesterone in both peripheral venous plasma and myometrium rise during pregnancy, there is no apparent correlation between the 2.  Myometrial sensitivity to Syntocinon and prostaglandins E1 and E2 is not dependent upon the level of progesterone in either the myometrium or peripheral venous plasma.  Myometrial strips removed at term from multigravida were more responsive to these drugs than those from primigravida, but during the 2nd trimester there was no statistically significant difference between the 2.


Synthesis of the 335-nm photoproduct of cytosine and 4-thiouracil.


Reactions of  -ketolic and other 21-hydroxy steroids with phosgene. I. Preparation and properties of Bis(pregnan-21-yl) carbonates and 17,21-cyclic carbonates.


Hypnotizability and "cognitive styles": a search for relationships.


Cognitive activity during "hypnotic" suggestibility: goal-directed fantasy and the experience of nonvolition.


A measure of emotional empathy.

A measure of emotional empathy.


Personal preferences, aesthetic sensitivity and personality in trained and untrained subjects.


Personality and the Catholic religious vocation. II. Self and conflict in male entrants.


The intelligent behavior of mental retardates: a study of their manipulation of intelligence test scores.


An experimental study of imagining.

An experimental study of imagining.


Noncontent verbal conditioning as a function of two types of anxiety.


The self-control of emotional reactions to a stressful film.


Moral decision making: cheating on examinations.


Cognitive style as mediator.

Cognitive style as mediator.


Some new fine structural observations of ethylnitrosourea-induced nerve tumors in rats.


Glucose metabolism by isolated rat glomeruli in hyperproteinemic proteinuria.


The morphology and pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity following methoxyflurane (penthrane) anesthesia. An experimental model in rats.


The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on rat salivary glands and on their response to isoproterenol.


Geriatric medicine.

Geriatric medicine.


Computers and bacteriology.

Computers and bacteriology.


Crohn's disease and the large bowel.

Crohn's disease and the large bowel.


Medical care, health and national development in Australia's neighbourhood.


Diazoxide and the treatment of the acute hypertensive emergency in obstetrics.


Exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides by pest control operators.


Primary vesico-ureteric reflux in adults.


Four cases of Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy in girls.


Hexachlorobenzene and other organochloride pesticides in human blood.


Poor response in two cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis to treatment with cyclophosphamide.


Assessing the needs of elderly people: experiences of a geriatric service.


A time-shared computer system for data processing in bacteriology.


An experience with chlorocort eye ointment.


Near-drowning.

Near-drowning.


Chemical influences on behaviour.

Chemical influences on behaviour.


Educational technology in medical teaching.


Murray Valley encephalitis in Eastern Australia, 1971.


Psychogenic megacolon: the study of a psychosomatic relationship.


The post-partum investigation of pregnancy bacteriuria.


Spinal cord injuries from water sports.

Spinal cord injuries from water sports.


Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in immigrants in Western Australia.


"Endogenous" depression: some suggestions.


Rise and fall of suicide rates in Australia: relation to sedative availability.


Medical aspects of diving. I.

Medical aspects of diving. I.


Effect of compaction pressure on the dissolution efficiency of some direct compression systems.


Stability of chlorhexidine when autoclaving.


Intracranial self-stimulation in rats as a function of various stimulus parameters. II. Influence of haloperidol, pimozide and pipamperone on medial forebrain bundle stimulation with monopolar electrodes.


Central effects of acetylcholine.

Central effects of acetylcholine.


Enhancement of successive discrimination reversal learning by methamphetamine.


Effects of atropine on avoidance condition: interaction with nicotine and comparison with n-methyl-atropine.


Further studies with propranolol in psychotic patients. Relation to initial psychiatric state, urinary catecholamines and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol excretion.


The effect of LSD-25 on light-reinforced behaviour in the rat.


A further note on studies of acquired behavioural tolerance to alcohol.


The facilitation of discrimination performance by physostigmine sulphate.


Neonatal hyperthyroidism with accelerated skeletal maturation, craniosynostosis, and brachydactyly.


Man's evolutionary past. I.

Man's evolutionary past. I.


The problem of the evolution of human races: classification or clines?


Evolution of human behavior.

Evolution of human behavior.


Natural selection and differential population growth of human races.


Man's evolutionary past. II.

Man's evolutionary past. II.


The effect of fecundity on fertility in rural East Pakistan (Bangladesh).


New fossil evidence for the evolution of man.


Ultrastructural investigation of the postnatal development of the hamster harderian gland. I. Cell division.


Multivesticular nuclear body with nucleolar activity in Sertoli cells of bulls. An ultrastructural study.


Brain tissue transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye. 1. Fluorescence histochemistry of immature catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons reinnervating the rat iris.


The effects of gamma irradiation on some properties of two Aeromonas proteinases.


The interactions of peptide-precipitating lignosulphonic acids and the fermentation of various sugars by a strain of Candida utilis.


Studies on the inactivation of viruses by ethylene oxide.


Migration inhibition testing on peripheral leukocytes from liver fluke infected rabbits.


Standardzed bleeding time in the study of drugs interfering with platelet function.


Platelet washing by albumin density gradient separation (ADGS).


Platelet factor-4--properties and clinical significance.


Measurement of platelet aggregation and shape change.


Measurement of platelet retention in glass bead columns.


A new automatic device for the standardized Ivy bleeding time.


Platelet factor 3--methods of study.

Platelet factor 3--methods of study.


Platelet factor-4--methods of study.

Platelet factor-4--methods of study.


Separation of platelet populations from human and rat blood. Method and applications.


Measurement of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in circulating blood.


Methods for platelet aggregation.

Methods for platelet aggregation.


Method for the measurement of  14 C-5 HT uptake and release by platelets.


Significance and comparison of two methods for platelet aggregation.


Anatomical relationship between mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and cerebellum in the duck.


Intraspinal latency, cutaneous fiber composition, and afferent control of the dorsal root reflex in cat.


Central tegmental alteration of cat lateral geniculate activity.


Synapses and malnutrition. Morphological and biochemical study of synaptosomal fractions from rat cerebral cortex.


The distribution of lipids in the human nervous system. II. Lipid composition of human fetal and infant brain.


Cerebral amino acid uptake in vivo in newborn mice.


Localization within the lower brainstem of a receptive area mediating the pressor response to increased intracranial pressure (the Cushing response).


The effects of high phenylalanine concentrations on serotonin and catecholamine metabolism in the human brain.


Specific regeneration of excitatory motoneurons to leg muscles in the cockroach.


Two types of on-center cells in cat optic tract.


EFfects of propranolol on the binding of ( 14 C)morphine to particulate fractions of mouse brain.


Sub-synaptosomal localization of brain particulate neuraminidose.


Pediatrics. Presidential address.

Pediatrics. Presidential address.


Comparative growth study of transverse fronto-parietal index and transverse cephalic-curvature index among Punjabi children.


Veno-occlusive disease of liver.

Veno-occlusive disease of liver.


Neurological complications of whooping cough.


Blood vitamin C levels in healthy and malnourished preschool children.


Neonatal cervical teratoma (a case report).


Nucleosides. 78. Synthesis of some 6-substituted uracils and uridines by the Wittig reaction.


Synthesis of sequence peptide polymers related to collagen.


Interconversions of hexofuranosyl nucleosides. IV. Synthesis of nucleosides derived from 6-deoxy-L-glucose.


Branched-chain glycosyl  -amino acids. I. Stereospecific synthesis of 2-L-(3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene- -D-allofuranos-3-yl)glycine, an analog of the polyoxin sugar moiety.


Amino phosphonic acids. II. Aminoalkylphosphonic acids.


Amino phosphonic acids. 3. The synthesis and properties of 2-aminoethylphosphonic and 3-aminopropylphosphonic acids.


Mercuration of  , -unsaturated steroidal ketones and other unsaturated systems.


Identification of mitochondrial ribosomes of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells.


Some interference microscopic observations during the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour.


Some problems in evaluation the morphology of gynaecological tumours in organ cultures.


Where and by whom is Ca cervicis uteri to be treated?


Food and diet surveillance.

Food and diet surveillance.


Environmental radioactivity in Illinois, 1970.


Radiation data and reports. Section II. Water.


Radioactivity in Minnesota municipal water supplies July 1970-June 1971.


Gross radioactivity in surface waters of the United States March 1972.


Radiostrontium in tap water July-December 1971.


Radioactivity in airborne particulates and precipitation.


Air Surveillance Network, July 1972.

Air Surveillance Network, July 1972.


Environmental levels of radioactivity at Atomic Energy Commission installations.


Reported nuclear detonations, October 1972.


Pseudoperipheral haematoma.

Pseudoperipheral haematoma.


Cyclophosphamide in the treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome.


Sickle-cell haemolglobin C disease and sickle-cell beta thalassaemia in white South Africans.


Changes in  3 H-oestradiol distribution in rat tissues during growth and after prolonged oestrogen deprivation.


Dietary iron and anaemia in an Indian Community in Natal.


A programme for planned parenthood.

A programme for planned parenthood.


Nasal symptoms and signs: their origin, basis and meaning.


Evaluation of Rhodesian cytology.

Evaluation of Rhodesian cytology.


Self-poisoning with digoxin.

Self-poisoning with digoxin.


Blood loss and iron requirements in patients on haemodialysis.


Blood loss from cannulation sites during haemodialysis.


Endocrinological studies in two patients with post contraceptive cyclic dysfunction. Serial assays of urinary estrogens, pregnanediol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), WERE PERFORMED IN 2 NORMAL women who developed amenorrhea as a result of oral contraceptive use.  Case 1, a woman aged 28 with 2 children took Ovulen (mestranol .1 mg and ethynodiol diacetate 1.0 mg) for 25 months followed by a substitution of chlormadinone acetate (.5 mg per day) when she developed increased menstrual irregularity.  Following withdrawal of the medication, vaginal bleeding began and lasted 4 days, and she experienced regular cycles for the subsequent 2 years.  The second woman aged 21 developed amenorrhea after 17 months' use of Gynovlar (ethinyl estradiol .05 mg and norethistrone acetate 3.0 mg).  Amenorrheic for 21 months at the time of investigation, she was given clomiphene citrate for 5 days (50 mg/day).  Further treatment with clomiphene and Pergonal (Serono-Rome) was necessary to resume normal cycles and permit conception which led to full term delivery.  Estrogen levels were similar to those of the follicular phase of the normal menstrual cycle; however, they rose spontaneously to midcycle levels in case 1 and as a result of clomiphene treatment in case 2.  FSH levels were normal but failed to show consistent patterns; LH patterns were highly irregular in both cases.  The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that longterm therapy by oral contraceptives may cause irregular cyclic release of gonadotrophins at the hypothalamic level resulting in amenorrhea and anovulation.


Massive digoxin overdose: observations on hyperkalaemia and plasma digoxin levels.


The Edinburgh tradition in clinical cardiology.


Effect of dextran solutions on oxygen transport in wound tissue. An experimental study in rabbits.


The diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the legs using I-labelled fibrinogen. An experimental and clinical study.


The prevalence of Dupuytren's disease in Norway. A study in a representative population sample of the municipality of Haugesund.


Inguinal herniorrhaphy by anatomical transversalis fascia repair. II. A follow-up study.


Pressure responses to cholinergic and adrenergic agents in the fundus, corpus, and antrum of isolated rabbit stomachs.


An experimental model for in vitro studies of intestinal functions. Further developments.


Microcirculatory thrombosis as a cause of death in thermal burns. Case report.


Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Report of a case.


Unusual and late metastases from seminomas.


Measurement of flow rate for the study of uterine motility.


Prolapse of the umbilical cord.

Prolapse of the umbilical cord.


Concentration of antithrombin 3 during combined and progestogen-only oral contraceptive treatment.


Intravenous glucose tolerance, insulin response, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin during short-term administration of a combined oral contraceptive.


Fibrinolytic activity of veins in the puerperium.


Cystine aminopeptidase activity in pregnancy. II. Its clinical application as an index of placental function.


Sperm penetration of cervical mucus as a criterion of male fertility.


Unilateral pregnancy in the rabbit. A comparison of the spontaneous uterine activity and response to neurohypophysial hormones of the nonpregnant and pregnant horns.


Amenorrhoea following oral contraception.


Ultrasonic pelvimetry.

Ultrasonic pelvimetry.


The effect of oestradiol on the arterial diameter in mice, as studied by angiography.


Utero-vaginal differential pressure at rest and during physical efforts in early pregnancy.


Modified uterine phlebography and hysterography in the diagnosis of uterine myomas.


Spontaneous perforation of the caecum following Caesarean section. Report of a case and review of the literature.


Ultrastructure of a human implantation site.


Treatment of acute pulmonary edema: conventional or intensive care?


Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates.


Detection of Gilbert's syndrome in patients with hemolysis. A method using radioactive chromium.


The Wardsong of J. Alvin Wornout.

The Wardsong of J. Alvin Wornout.


Circulating anticoagulants against factors IX and XI in systemic lupus erythematosus.


Acute metabolic responses in myxedema to large doses of intravenous L-thyroxine.


Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism.


A clinic for male derelicts. A welfare hotel project.


Relapsing polychondritis, a "floppy" mitral valve, and migratory polytendonitis.


Hydrochlorothiazide effects on serum calcim and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations. Studies in normal subjects.


Bloody pericardial fluid or intracardiac blood? A method for quick and accurate differentiation.


Quinidine-induced liver disease.

Quinidine-induced liver disease.


The nature and origins of schizophrenic disorders.


Reassurance therapy. What to say to symptomatic patients with benign diseases.


The prognoses of chronic hepatitis.

The prognoses of chronic hepatitis.


The causes of the schizophrenias.

The causes of the schizophrenias.


Personal burdens in hemophilia.

Personal burdens in hemophilia.


Metabolic bone disease.

Metabolic bone disease.


Bilateral nephrectomy for hypertension.

Bilateral nephrectomy for hypertension.


Cardiovascular complications of guanidine hydrochloride.


Oral urea in sickle-cell disease.

Oral urea in sickle-cell disease.


Military concern with myoglobinuria.

Military concern with myoglobinuria.


Pneumonitis in rabies?

Pneumonitis in rabies?


Sodium in diets: milliequivalent, milligram?


Influenza in goodpasture's syndrome?

Influenza in goodpasture's syndrome?


Metabolism of trichloroethylene in man. I. The significance of trichloroethanol in long-term exposure conditions.


Immunological characteristics of bladder cancer.


Hepatitis hazard in regular haemodialysis.


Weightless bones.

Weightless bones.


Trends for scientific journals.

Trends for scientific journals.


Torsion of the testicle again.

Torsion of the testicle again.


Temperature change and multiple sclerosis.


Natural history of patients with x-ray-negative dyspepsia in general practice. When 102 patients with dyspepsia who had normal findings on barium-meal examination in 1964 were interviewed in 1970, 85 of them (76%) were symptomatically improved, and only three were later shown to have a peptic ulcer. This suggests that "x-ray-negative dyspepsia" has a good prognosis in a general practice setting.


Infantile overnutrition in the first year of life: a field study in Dudley, Worcestershire. A survey of feeding patterns and nutrient intake in relation to the growth of 300 normal infants up to 1 year of age in Dudley, Worcestershire, highlights a problem of overnutrition in the group; 50 (16.7%) were found to be suffering from infantile obesity and a further 83 (27.7%) were overweight.During the first three months of life the daily energy intakes of 136 cal/kg body weight for boys and 149 for girls were markedly greater than the level of 120/kg recommended by the Department of Health and Social Security. This coincided with the early addition of solid foods to a full milk intake. 119 babies (39.7%) were offered solids before they were 4 weeks old and 280 (93.3%) before 13 weeks of age. Some babies had solids from the first week after birth. Protein intake was persistently high throughout the first year, and the mean intake of 32.7 g/day was much greater than the intake of 20 g for infants aged up to 1 year recommended by the Department of Health. Standards for fat and carbohydrate intake are not available but in comparison with the levels reported in breast-fed babies intake of fat and carbohydrate was high in the first three months and came closer to the desired level for the former and remained slightly high for the latter in the subsequent age quarters.The relation of childhood and subsequent adult obesity to infant feeding patterns is not yet clear, but there is a high correlation between obese parents and obese and overweight babies; had these babies not been overfed the condition might have been prevented.


Benign obstetric history in women with sickle-cell anaemia associated with  -thalassaemia. Two Ghanaian women with sickle-cell anaemia and alpha-thalassaemia were found to have an unusually benign obstetric history. In addition to two factors present which are known to moderate the clinical course of sickle-cell anaemia, good socioeconomic status and a relatively high Hb F level, it is suggested that alpha-thalassaemia may act among other things by lowering the haemoglobin concentration in the red cells and thereby lowering their tendency to sickle in vivo.


Procaine in malignant hyperpyrexia.

Procaine in malignant hyperpyrexia. The caffeine contracture of normal human muscle, which has been used as a model for malignant hyperpyrexia, is greatly potentiated by halothane. Prior administration of procaine markedly reduces the halothane-potentiated caffeine contracture, and procaine given at the height of the contracture induces relaxation. Lignocaine, on the other hand, produces a variable response and sometimes increases the contracture.The muscle from a patient with an inherited susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia contracted spontaneously with halothane alone, and this contracture was reversed by procaine.These experiments support the therapeutic use of procaine in malignant hyperpyrexia.


Colonic retnetion of barium in the elderly after barium-meal examination and its treatment with lactulose. Five cases of colonic retention of barium with severe constipation occurring in elderly patients after a barium-meal examination were seen in a two-year period and it is suggested that this complication may be unrecognized. Lactulose 50% (Duphalac) was an effective agent in inducing bowel evacuation in these patients, who were resistant to more generally used methods.


Alkali treatment of renal osteodystrophy.


Adolescents--drug abuse and addiction.

Adolescents--drug abuse and addiction.


Making hospital geriatrics work.

Making hospital geriatrics work. The first year's work at a new geriatric department at Northwick Park Hospital shows that active policies revolutionize the geriatric service and result in high turnover of patients and no waiting list. Comparison with low turnover/waiting list departments shows the effects of a waiting list in terms of diminished therapeutic benefit and less favourable outcome for patients admitted. The requirements for elimination of the waiting list appear to be well directed policies and adequate and enthusiastic staff. Active geriatrics results in high morale and could be widely applicable within the present hospital bed resources given the necessary improvements in staffing.


Cogwheel and the medical social worker.

Cogwheel and the medical social worker.


Acute osteomyelitis.

Acute osteomyelitis.


Vitamin D in patients on anticonvulsants.


ABO blood groups and abortion.

ABO blood groups and abortion.


Head injuries in children.

Head injuries in children.


Intestinal parasites and Au antigen transmission.


Trichuris infestations and difetarsone.

Trichuris infestations and difetarsone.


Blood sugar measurement by dextrostix reflectance meter method.


Myxoedema and retention of urine.

Myxoedema and retention of urine.


Mannitol infusions and lithium excretion.


Pregnancy, pancreatitis and the pill.

Pregnancy, pancreatitis and the pill.


Thermal injury in children.

Thermal injury in children.


Referring patients for electrolysis.

Referring patients for electrolysis.


Cutaneous lesions in multiple myeloma.

Cutaneous lesions in multiple myeloma.


Closure of colostomy.

Closure of colostomy.


Septo-optic dysplasia.

Septo-optic dysplasia.


Plasma versus serum.

Plasma versus serum.


Pulmonary aspiration after fibre-endoscopy.


Creatinine clearance tests.

Creatinine clearance tests.


Vasectomy in the surgery.

Vasectomy in the surgery.


Guillain-Barré syndrome after measles.

Guillain-Barré syndrome after measles.


Occupational health services.

Occupational health services.


Television programme no contempt.

Television programme no contempt.


Thalidomide injunction granted.

Thalidomide injunction granted.


Influence of injection site on radiothyroxine metabolism in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill).


Waterfowl mortality caused by Cyathocotyle bushiensis Khan, 1962 (Trematoda: Cyathocotylidae), St. Lawrence River, Quebec.


Systematic status of Tetraonchus loftusi n. sp. (Monogenoidea: Tetraonchidae) and comparative studies of T. monenteron (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858, and T. variabilis Mizelle and Webb, 1953.


Induction of precocious sexual maturity in male pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).


Quantitative dinitrochlorobenzene contact sensitization in a normal population.


Distribution of lysozyme activity in the exteriors of eggs from Gallus gallus.


The pathogenesis of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice. IV. Independent stimulation of antibodies to DNA and RNA.


The effect of age on the incidence of sodium chloride-induced testicular cysts in chicks.


Whale immunoglobulins. I. Light chain types.


Occurrence of glycine and glutamic acid in the nervous system of two fish species and some invertebrates.


Whale immunoglobulins. II. Heavy chain structure.


Effect of glucose and acetate in vitro on the incorporation of L-lysine-U- 14 C into testicular proteins of rat, rabbit and chicken.


The compositional development of adipose tissue in Gallus domesticus.


Metabolic end products of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Trematoda).


Amino acid uptake by Xenopus laevis embryos: effect of triiodo-L-thyronine.


Gas-liquid chromatographic measurement of oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta in the plasma of pregnant women. A method and its application in the second half of normal and pathological pregnancies.


Reversible changes of competence of streptococci of the H group.


Some features of carbohydrate metabolism in Rhodotorula glutinis.


Physiological status of submerged Claviceps during enzymic assembly of ergot alkaloids.


The effect of foliar application of urea on the root fungi of wheat growing in soil artificially contaminated with Fusarium spp.


Rearing of germfree rabbits.

Rearing of germfree rabbits.


Inhalation studies of uranium trioxide.

Inhalation studies of uranium trioxide.


Determining the respiratory dosage from RaA, RaB and RaC inhaled by the population in Hungary.


The balances of  137 Cs, stable cesium and potassium of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) and other fish in White Oak Lake.


Radioactive strontium and cesium in cultivated and abandoned field plots.


The activity of tungsten-181 as a function of time within a nuclear cratering cloud.


A concise dental radiographic survey data form.


The natural fluorite in the dosimetry of the mixed field of gamma rays and thermal neutrons.


Comparison of film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeters.


Sampling system for tritium oxide and carbon-14 in environmental air.


U.V. induced thermoluminescence on natural calcium fluoride.


An Albedo-type personnel neutron dosimeter.


An intrauterine dosimeter.

An intrauterine dosimeter.


Measurement of the uncombined fraction of radon daughters with wire screens.


Interlocks for general purpose radiographic rooms.


Biological half-life of  137 Cs in man.

Biological half-life of  137 Cs in man.


Effect of protein free diet on the ultrastructure of rat liver.


The respirable fraction of plutonium at Rocky Flats.


Prevalence of echo 7 and 11 viruses in the population and cases of acute encephalopathy at lucknow.


Pathology of rheumatic heart disease with particular reference to acute rheumatic fever.


Rubella antibody in pregnant women.

Rubella antibody in pregnant women.


Observations on erythrocytic glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes during in vitro storage of blood from haemolytic anaemia patients.


Primary melanoma of the leptomeninges.

Primary melanoma of the leptomeninges.


Subcutaneous phycomycosis--a case report.


A study of the birth weight and birth length of Bengalee infants.


Anatomically isolated aortic valve disease--an autopsy study of 27 cases.


Poisoning in childhood.

Poisoning in childhood.


A study of birth weights in central Rajasthan.


Fatal aplastic anaemia complicating infectious hepatitis.


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A report of 5 cases.


Drugs given to the mother--their metabolic and endocrine effects on the fetus and newborn--a review.


Hard methacrylic polymers. 3. Copolymers of ethylene or trioxyethylene dimethacrylate with 2,2-di(4-methacryloxyphenyl)-propane.


Antithrombogenic characteristics of cathodically polarized copper prostheses.


Effect of surface materials on shear-induced hemolysis.


Reaction of oral mucous membranes to selected dental materials.


Amalgamation reaction of tin, silver, and dental alloy (Ag 3 Sn).


An immunospecific microbalance.

An immunospecific microbalance.


Artificial skin. I. Preparation and properties of pluronic F-127 gels for treatment of burns.


Artificial skin. II. Pluronic F-127 Silver nitrate or silver lactate gel in the treatment of thermal burns.


Time lapse between the appearance of citations in Chemical titles and Chemical abstracts.


An interactive, versatile, three-dimensional display, manipulation and plotting system for biomedical research.


Metabolite utilization by isolated embryonic rat hearts in vitro.


Sex differentiation of germ cells in the teleost, Oryzias latipes, during noraml embryonic development.


The components of regrowing nerves which support the regeneration of irradiated salamander limbs.


Surface modifications of neural epithelial cells during formation of the neural tube in the rat embryo.


The role of water-regulating mechanisms in the development of the haploid syndrome in Xenopus laevis.


Abuse of vitamin D: a report on 15 cases of vitamin D poisoning.


Experiences with breast carcinoma in Lebanon. (1958-1971).


Prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins.


The diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemias: a review based on 12 years' experience in Lebanon.


Experience with arterio-venous malformations of the brain in Lebanon.


The rational approach to the cancer patient.


Vago-sympathetic modulation of gastric mechanoreceptors: effect of distention and nutritional state.


Effects of tetrabenazine on lordosis behaviour and on brain monoamines in the female rat.


Spatial-frequency masking in vision: critical bands and spread of masking.


Role of eye movements in the perception of apparent motion.


The balance of biogenic amines as condition for normal behaviour.


Optimal magnification in visual microscopy.


Effect of luminance and duration of interstimulus interval upon human reaction time.


Comparison of four methods of heterochromatic photometry.


Pyrido (2,3-d) pyrimidines. II. Synthesis of ribonucleosides of 4-oxo- and 2,4-dioxopyrido (2,3-d) pyrimidines.


Pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidines. 3. Synthesis of some 8-( -D-ribofuranosyl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidines structurally related to the antibiotic sangivamycin.


Directed glycosylation of 8-bromoadenine. Synthesis and reactions of 8-substituted 3-glycosyladenine derivatives.


Glucosiduronates of 3 ,21-dihydroxy-5 -pregnane-11,20-dione. Synthesis of C-3, C-21, and C-3,21 derivatives.


6 - and 6 -Hydroxyestriol. Synthesis, configurational assignments, and spectral properties.


Chemistry of steroidal tetrafluorocyclopropyl enol acetates.


Bufadienolides. 21. Synthesis of cinobufagin from bufotalin.


The conversion of podocarpic acid to an 18-nor steroid.


Dehydrogenase enzyme models. Approximation of an alcohol and a pyridinium ring.


Obesity in childhood: a problem in adipose tissue cellular development.


The respiratory status of children with croup.


Does asymptomatic lead exposure in children have latent sequelae?


Familial benign hypercalcemia.

Familial benign hypercalcemia.


The significance of intermediate plasma growth hormone levels in growth-retarded children.


Hereditary transcobalamin II deficiency: the role of transcobalamin II in vitamin B 12 -mediated reactions.


Persistent hypernatremia due to abnormal thirst mechanism in a 13-year-old child with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.


Benign pheochromocytoma associated with elevated excretion of homovanillic acid.


The Aarskog syndrome.

The Aarskog syndrome.


Extra vertebrae associated with esophageal atresias and tracheoesophageal fistulas.


The asplenia syndrome: a review of significant extracardiac structural abnormalities in 29 necropsied patients.


Pregnancy in patients who have had the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood.


Lack of postmortem radiographic evidence of nasopharyngeal obstruction in the sudden infant death syndrome.


Hypoplasia of the second metacarpal in mother and daughter.


Influenza A 2  virus as a cause of croup requiring tracheotomy.


His bundle recording in progressive external ophthalmoplegia.


Chronic topical corticosteroid use simulating congenital glaucoma.


Furosemide therapy for hypercalcemia in infants.


Early versus late treatment of neonatal acidosis in low-birth-weight infants: relation to respiratory distress syndrome.


Neonatal acidosis and respiratory distress syndrome in the preterm infant: role of early pH correction with bicarbonate.


The "replacement child": a saga of unresolved parental grief.


Immunocompetence in undernutrition.

Immunocompetence in undernutrition.


Sickle cell testing programs.

Sickle cell testing programs.


Ampicillin and amino acid chromatography.


Rheumatic chorea controlled with haloperidol.


Ectodermal dysplasia and multiple defects (Rapp-Hodgkins type).


Failure to thrive: 50 year follow-up.

Failure to thrive: 50 year follow-up.


Eye-popping reflex in infants.

Eye-popping reflex in infants.


Diabetes mellitus secondary to L-asparaginase therapy.


The photochemical reactions of 1,3-dimethyluracil with 1-aminopropane and poly-L-lysine.


Hydrogen isotope exchange in tyrosine and tryptophan.


Phosphorescence of benzophenone in aqueous solution and its quenching by nucleic acid derivatives.


Photodynamic killing of Acholeplasma laidlawii.


Further studies on ovarian follicular development in egg and meat type turkeys.


Thromboplastic activity of acetone-dehydrated chicken brain powder extracts after repeated extraction and dilution.


Immunologic response of turkeys to an avirulent Pasteurella multocida vaccine in the drinking water.


Effects of anticoccidial and growth promoting agents on intestinal motility in broilers.


Thiamine deficiency identification and treatment in commercial turkeys and Coturnix quail.


Infleunce of beans, peas and lentils as dietary ingredients on the growth response of chicks to antibiotic and methionine supplementation of the diet.


Microbiology of commerical turkey deboning.


Growth response of chicks and rats fed alfalfa with saponin content modified by selection.


Effect of azasterols on sterol metabolism in the laying hen.


The effects of JM and JM-V leukosis strains on chicks vaccinated with herpes virus of turkeys (HVT).


A method for cannulating the main pancreatic duct of chickens: the continuous collection of avian pancreatic juice.


The effects of protein level and amino acid balance in wheat-based laying rations.


Experimental epiphyseal cartilage anomalies by dietary strontium.


Egg quality and production following infectious bronchitis virus exposure at one day old.


45 Ca,  85 Sr and  32 P absorption by laying hens fed varying levels of calcium and phosphorus.


Selection for high and low oxygen consumption in chickens.


Genetic response of the fowl to exposure to Marek's disease.


Calcium metabolism in the laying hen. I. Calcium retention in the digestive tract of the laying hen.


The effect of the organophosphate O,O diethyl S-((ethylthio)methyl) phosphorodithioate on the chick.


Studies on the biotin requirement of broiler breeders.


Sulfate metabolism and taurine synthesis in the chick.


Energy reguirements and growth of captive Lesser Scaup.


The effect of ambient temperature upon body temperature, feed consumption, and water consumption, using two varieties of turkeys.


The photoelectric plethysmography technique for recording heart rate in chick embryos.


The effect of energy supplied from the diet and from environment heat on the response of chicks to different levels of dietary lysine.


The interactions between dietary saponin, cholesterol and related sterols in the chick.


Alpha-chloralose as a general anesthetic for chickens.


Effect of choline deficiency on serum phospholipids in chicks.


Effect of fasting on glycogen body stability in the mature chicken.


Effects of keeping method on reactions of ducks to hot weahter.


Incubator for growing chick embryos in vitro and in ovo.


Medical education at the cross roads.

Medical education at the cross roads.


Objectives and programs. The Institute of Medicine of Chicago.


Surgical treatment of post infarction ventricular aneurysm by means of resection and revascularization.


High school athletic injuries.

High school athletic injuries.


Use of fallout cesium-137 as a tracer to define the recent deltaic facies of a river.


Estimated daily intake of radionuclides in California diets, January-June 1971.


Estimated daily intake of radionuclides in Connecticut standard diet January-December 1971.


Strontium-90 in tri-city diets, January-December 1971.


Gross radioactivity in surface waters of the United States, April 1972.


Water surveillance programs, January-March 1972.


Radioactivity in airborne particulates and precipitation.


Environmental levels of radioactivity at Atomic Energy Commission installations.


High energy electron induced emission in low temperature glasses containing adenine.


Monte Carlo calculations of the dose induced by charged pions and comparison with experiment.


The computation of pion depth-dose curves in water and comparison with experiment.


Effects of single thoracic x-ray exposure in rats.


Acute radiation effects in kidney.

Acute radiation effects in kidney.


Behavior of swine leukocytes in culture after in vivo or in vitro gamma irradiation.


The response of hemopoietic colony-forming units to repeated doses of x-rays.


Suicide rates in Boulder County, Colorado. Implications for physicians.


Parathion poisoning. A case report.

Parathion poisoning. A case report.


Consumer health education. A rural reconnaissance.


Coal mining and cancer of the stomach.

Coal mining and cancer of the stomach.


Ambient air fluorides in Salt Lake County.


Immune response in rubella infection.

Immune response in rubella infection.


Comparison of the action of Bacteroides ruminicola polygalacturonic lyase and of pectinase on lower oligogalacturonides.


Oxidation of specifically labelled glucose by Trichophyton rubrum.


Genetic factors in febrile convulsions. An investigation of 64 same-sexed twin pairs.


Meralgia paresthetica. A review of 67 patients.


Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis.

Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis.


Neurological signs in a normal population.


Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus in cerebral diseases.


Vertical optokinetic nystagmus.

Vertical optokinetic nystagmus.


Dimethothiazine in spasticity. A further attempt at pharmacological control.


Enzyme activities associated with the demyelinating phase of canine distemper. I. Beta-glucuronidase, acid and neutral proteinases.


Enzyme activities associated with demyelinating phase of canine distemper. II. Plasmalogenase.


Intercellular junctions in human ependymomas.


Residual lesions of infantile cerebral phlebothrombosis.


An untrastructural analysis of remyelination following segmental demyelination.


The patient as a person. The president's address, 1972.


"Column of Bertin": diagnosis by nephrotomography.


Roentgenographic changes after pyeloplasty.


The roentgenographic determination of normal adult kidney size as related to vertebral height.


Contralateral displacement of the kidney by solitary renal cyst.


Renal angiography in patients with hematuria.


Medullary sponge kidney associated with congenital hemihypertrophy (asymmetry). A case report and survey of the literature.


Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum associated with renal malformations in newborn infants.


The elusive ectopic ureteroceles.

The elusive ectopic ureteroceles.


Ureteral tumors. The radiologic evaluation of a differential diagnosis "throw-in".


Benign proliferation processes presenting as mass lesions in the urinary bladder.


Malacoplakia of the urinary tract.

Malacoplakia of the urinary tract.


Cowper's glands in the urethrogram.

Cowper's glands in the urethrogram.


Correlation of ultrasound and radioisotope placentography.


Dose dependent stalk division in gamma irradiated whole Acetabularia cells.


Studies on nucleocytoplasmic interactions during early amphibian development. II. Cytochemical analysis of inversion and centrifugation experiments.


Pharmacological studies on dimethyl sulphoxide.


Accumulation in vitro of  35 S-chlorpromazine in the neuromelanin of human substantia nigra and locus coeruleus.


Unusual effects of papaverine on the electrical and mechanical activity of guinea-pig taenia coli.


Effects of quinidine and ajmaline on the mechanical and electrical activity of smooth muscle.


Pharmacological properties of N-benzyl-salsolidine, a new isoquinoline derivative.


The effects of morphine, pentobarbital and saline on bioelectrical potentials recorded in limbic structures of the cat evoked by radial nerve and direct brain stimulation.


Introduction of 15N into proteins of the rat.


Effect of plane of nutrition on maternal and foetal plasma amino acid concentrations in the sheep.


Anorectic activity of some amphetamine-derivatives with low CNS stimulating potency.


Turnover rates of myocardial proteins in the rat.


Insulin and protein synthesis in the perfused rat heart.


Aminoacyl-transfer-ribonucleic acid synthetases in myocardial tissue.


Comparison of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activities synthesizing S- and O-beta-D-glucuronides.


Desaturation of stearate by sheep tissue microsomal preparations.


Uptake of vitamin E by rat small-intestinal slics.


The intestinal absorption of 3-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine in the rat.


The enzymic hydrolysis of malonated flavone glycosides.


Inhibition of electron transport in isolated turnip (Brassica napus) mitochondria by inhibitors of protein synthesis.


Configuration of soil arabinose.

Configuration of soil arabinose.


An appraisal of techniques for the determination of protein turnover in vivo.


The effect on the activities of some hepatic enzymes of weaning rats on to a diet high in sucrose content.


Urate synthesis in the perfused chicken liver.


Changes in the activities of some kidney enzymes during development of the rat.


Effects of protein deficiency on uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity and phospholipid composition of rat liver microsomal fraction.


The immobilization of enzymes on nylon structures and their use in automated analysis. 1. Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) and urease (EC 3.5.1.5) were covalently attached through glutaraldehyde to low-molecular-weight nylon powder. 2. Immobilized derivatives of glucose oxidase and urease were prepared by cross-linking the respective enzymes within the matrix of a nylon membrane. 3. An improved process is described for the immobilization of glucose oxidase and urease on the inside surface of partially hydrolysed nylon tube. 4. Automated analytical procedures are described for the determination of glucose with each of the three immobilized glucose oxidase derivatives and for the determination of urea with each of the three immobilized urease derivatives. 5. The efficiencies of the three immobilized enzyme structures as reagents for the automated determination of their substrates were compared.


A study of stabilization of gluconeogenic activity in rat liver slices by calcium and manganese ions. 1. The effect of some bivalent cations on gluconeogenesis by the rat liver-slice preparation has been investigated. 2. Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) stimulated glucose production from a range of substrates but not from glycerol. Mg(2+) had no effect on the rate of glucose production. 3. Ca(2+) were required to maintain phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in the slice preparation. 4. Ca(2+) and Mn(2+), but not Mg(2+), retarded the release of lysosomal enzymes from the slice into the incubation medium. 5. It is proposed that Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) stimulate glucose production by stabilizing the lysosome system in the liver-slice preparation. 6. The value of the liver-slice preparation as a means of measuring hepatic gluconeogenesis is discussed.


An effect of prolactin on prostate adenylate cyclase.


A  -D-fructofuranosidase from Claviceps purpurea. Evidence suggests that sucrose is the main carbon source for growth of Claviceps spp. in the parasitic condition. The sucrose acts as substrate for an active beta-fructofuranosidase, produced by the fungus, which in the first instance converts the disaccharide into glucose and an oligofructoside. In this way, 50% of the glucose, supplied as sucrose, is made available to the parasite for assimilation. Subsequent action of the enzyme on both sucrose and the oligofructoside leads to the release of more glucose and the formation of additional oligosaccharides. The structures of the main oligosaccharides formed have been elucidated and the interactions of each compound studied. In experiments with purified enzyme in vitro the interaction of the oligosaccharides is rapid but in culture they are assimilated only slowly; in each case some free fructose is liberated. Free fructose is not assimilated in the presence of glucose and, further, inhibits growth at concentrations which might be expected to occur in the parasitic condition. A dual role has been suggested for the enzyme, with sucrose as substrate, in which glucose is made available to the growing parasite, while at the same time transfer of the fructose to form oligosaccharides prevents it from accumulating at inhibitory concentrations. Ultimately, when glucose becomes limiting, the fungus will adapt to fructose assimilation.


Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases from Landschütz ascites-tumour cells.


A method for obtaining linear reciprocal plots with caeruloplasmin and its application in a study of the kinetic parameters of caeruloplasmin substrates. 1. The curved plots of 1/v against 1/[S] obtained when caeruloplasmin oxidizes NN-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine were investigated. The first free-radical oxidation product of caeruloplasmin oxidation of NN-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine is required for curvature, as straight-line plots were obtained when activities were measured either before appreciable free-radical product had appeared or in the presence of ascorbate, which reduced it back to NN-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. 2. In the presence of ascorbate linear reciprocal-plots were obtained with all of the 37 substrates tested. V(max.) values varied over only an eightfold range and those for the 20 p-amino compounds over only a twofold range. K(m) values, however, varied over a 10(4)-fold range. The small range of V(max.) values indicates that the rate-limiting step in caeruloplasmin action is relatively independent of the nature of the substrate. K(m) values suggest that substrates bind primarily by ring electrons, although certain side-chain groups increased the K(m) in a manner unrelated to likely changes of ring-electron densities. A mechanism involving repulsion between negative charges on the substrate and the enzyme was supported by the variation of the K(m) of 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid with pH.


Degradation of sclerotan, a beta-(1-3)glucan, by enzymes from fungi parasitic on sclerotia.


A method for the analysis of 15N-labelled amino acids in the effluent from preparative amino acid-analysis columns.


Double-helical conformations of sulphated polysaccharides and their potential biological function.


The pattern of protein turnover in the whole animal and the effect of dietary variation.


Specificity and kinetics of triose phosphate isomerase from chicken muscle. The isolation of crystalline triose phosphate isomerase from chicken breast muscle is described. The values of k(cat.) and K(m) for the reaction in each direction were determined from experiments over wide substrate-concentration ranges, and the reactions were shown to obey simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics. With d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as substrate, k(cat.) is 2.56x10(5)min(-1) and K(m) is 0.47mm; with dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate, k(cat.) is 2.59x10(4)min(-1) and K(m) is 0.97mm. The enzyme-catalysed exchange of the methyl hydrogen atoms of the ;virtual substrate' monohydroxyacetone phosphate with solvent (2)H(2)O or (3)H(2)O was shown. This exchange is about 10(4)-fold slower than the corresponding exchange of the C-3 hydrogen of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The other deoxy substrate, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde phosphate, was synthesized, but is too unstable in aqueous solution for analogous proton-exchange reactions to be studied.


pH-dependence of the triose phosphate isomerase reaction. The pH-dependences of the kinetic parameters k(cat.) and K(m) for the triose phosphate isomerase reaction were determined in each direction. Apparent pK(a) values of 6.0 and 9.0 are observed in the dependences of k(cat.)/K(m). The pH-dependences of k(cat.) are sigmoid, with apparent pK(a) values of about 6.0. The results are interpreted in terms of a single base on the enzyme providing an efficient proton-shuttling mechanism for the isomerization.


Active-site labelling of triose phosphate isomerase. The reaction of bromohydroxyacetone phosphate with a unique glutamic acid residue and the migration of the label to tyrosine. Triose phosphate isomerase from chicken muscle reacts stoicheiometrically with the active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor bromohydroxyacetone phosphate with concomitant loss of all catalytic activity. The primary site of attachment has been shown to be a unique glutamic acid residue in the sequence Ala-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Val-Trp. Unless the inhibitor-enzyme bond is stabilized by reduction of the C-2 carbonyl group with borohydride, the phosphate group is lost and the label migrates to the adjacent tyrosine residue. It is suggested that the gamma-carboxylate group of the glutamic acid residue may be the base responsible for primary proton abstraction from substrate in the catalysis. The failure of this reagent specifically to inactivate either muscle or yeast aldolase, and the use of the reagent in preparing isomerase-free glycolytic enzymes, is discussed.


Separation and some properties of the major proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane. A fractionation procedure is described which allows the isolation of three major human erythrocyte membrane proteins. Their isolation involves three sequential extraction procedures followed by gel filtration in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate and preparative gel electrophoresis. All three proteins can be isolated from a single preparation. One of the proteins is the erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein, for which no C- or N-terminal residues were found. The other two proteins, which have not previously been isolated, have subunit molecular weights of 74000 and 93000 and contain 9 and 7% carbohydrate respectively. These glycoproteins have blocked N-terminal residues and show similarities in their chemical properties. Preparations derived from blood-group O erythrocytes contain no N-acetylgalactosamine, but similar preparations from blood-group A erythrocytes do contain this sugar. These three proteins cannot easily be solubilized by gentle aqueous procedures and represent about half of the erythrocyte ;ghost' protein. They carry a large proportion of the cell-surface carbohydrate.


Protein synthesis in the liver of rats injected with cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate. 1. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate and killed after various intervals of time up to 3 days; ribosomes and cell sap were isolated from their liver tissue. These fractions were tested for their ability to participate in protein synthesis. 2. Protein synthesis in complete systems containing ribosomes, cell sap and all necessary cofactors was significantly enhanced at 12 and 72h after the injection and significantly inhibited at 24h. At early times after injection isolated ribosomes had a slightly enhanced ability to bind nRNA. Peptide-elongation processes (i.e. binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes, peptidyl transfer and polyphenylalanine synthesis) showed significant stimulation or inhibition depending on the time after injection of the ester. 3. A correlation was found between the ability of cell sap to stimulate polyphenylalanine synthesis and the relative cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate content in the postmicrosomal supernatant at different time-intervals after administration of the ester. No significant changes were found in its content in the whole liver tissue. 4. Since the injected ester has previously been shown to accumulate in some enzymic fractions, the changes in its relative content may represent a regulatory mechanism modulating the rate of protein synthesis.


Measurement of the synthesis of liver-produced plasma proteins with particular reference to dietary protein and amino acid supply.


Effect of hexachlorobenzene on haem synthesis. Several drugs are known to induce the liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase system when administered in vivo or even in vitro in cell culture. A sequence of events has been suggested in which the drug is visualized to induce delta-aminolaevulinate synthetase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the haem-biosynthetic pathway, which is followed by enhanced haem synthesis and cytochrome P-450 content, facilitating the increase in the drug-metabolizing activity of the liver microsomal fraction. The present studies show that the fungicide hexachlorobenzene, when administered to female rats, can lead to enhanced amounts and rate of synthesis of cytochrome P-450 under conditions when the rate of total haem synthesis has not appreciably altered. The subsequent increase in the rate of total haem synthesis as well as the initial increase in amounts of cytochrome P-450 are brought about under conditions when delta-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity remains constant. However, manifestation of porphyria due to prolonged drug administration is accompanied by a twofold increase in delta-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity. The increase in enzyme activity appears to be due to a decreased degradation rate of the enzyme.


Influence of amino acid supply on protein synthesis by rat liver in vitro.


Modification by calcium ions of adenine nucleotide translocation in rat liver mitochondria. 1. Added Ca(2+) stimulates the translocation of ATP by isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2. The apparent K(m) for added Ca(2+) in stimulating the translocation of 200mum-ATP is approx. 160mum (75mum ;free' Ca(2+)). 3. The greatest stimulation of ATP translocation by Ca(2+) occurs at the lower concentrations of ATP. 4. Sr(2+) (and to a lesser extent Ba(2+)) can replace Ca(2+) whereas Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) have only little ability to stimulate ATP translocation. 5. Translocation of dATP is also stimulated by Ca(2+) whereas that of ADP is stimulated to only a relatively small degree. 6. Studies with metabolic inhibitors and uncouplers provide evidence that stimulation by Ca(2+) and by uncouplers is additive and that the mechanism of Ca(2+) stimulation does not seem to involve the high-energy intermediate of oxidative phosphorylation. 7. In the presence of Ca(2+), ATP is able to effectively compete with ADP for translocation. 8. Added K(+) further enhances the ability of Ca(2+) to stimulate ATP translocation. 9. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential involvement of Ca(2+) in modifying enzymic reactions involved in the regulation of cell metabolism.


Protein, nucleic acid and starch metabolism in the duckweed, Spirodela oligorrhiza, treated with cytokinins. Bacteria-free cultures of Spirodela oligorrhiza continue to increase in frond number for 2 to 3 days after transfer to darkness. There is then no further increase in frond number for 3 to 4 weeks, although DNA, RNA and protein synthesis continue at decreased rates and starch accumulates in the plants. We refer to such ;non-growing' plants in darkness as dormant. Adding kinetin to dormant Spirodela initiated increased DNA, RNA and protein synthesis within 1h, although new fronds were not detected until 24h after the addition of kinetin. The frond number then continued to increase. Starch accumulated in dormant plants. Accumulation of starch appeared to be a consequence of inhibition of growth rather than the converse. No evidence was obtained for a block in [(14)C]glucose metabolism that might explain the lack of growth in darkness in the absence of kinetin. In darkness, more ribosomes were membrane-bound in dormant Spirodela than in Spirodela growing with kinetin. Similarities between the response of Spirodela to darkness, stringent control in bacteria and pleiotypic controls in animal cells are discussed. It is suggested that all three processes are ultimately controlled by specific protein kinases that are individually sensitive to different effectors.


Fatty acid synthetase activity in the liver and adipose tissue of rats fed with various carbohydrates. 1. The inclusion of sucrose in the diet of rats led to an increase in hepatic fatty acid synthetase activity compared with that of rats fed with starch as the sole carbohydrate. The higher activity occurred within 18h of the introduction of sucrose and persisted with fluctuations for the 30 days of the experiment. Reversal of the diets in some rats after 21 days led to changes in the enzyme activity to values appropriate to the second diet. The plasma triglyceride concentration followed a similar pattern. 2. A comparison of the effects of diets with starch, glucose, maltose, sucrose or fructose showed that fructose gave the highest values of triglyceride content and of fatty acid synthetase activity in liver, but the lowest values of the synthetase activity in adipose tissue and the lowest values of plasma insulin concentration. These effects may perhaps be attributed to the low insulin response to fructose and to the high affinity of the liver for this sugar. 3. When the diet contained fructose or sucrose there was a correlation between hepatic synthetase activity and plasma triglyceride concentration. Neither of these, however, was related to plasma insulin concentration. On the other hand, there was a correlation between plasma insulin concentration and fatty acid synthetase activity in adipose tissue. 4. When rats were starved and then re-fed the differences in enzyme activities induced by fructose or glucose were minimized. This, together with the varying degree of difference during the course of the experiments, may explain why other workers, using the starvation-re-feeding technique and making measurements on one day only, have failed to observe differences in the activities of lipogenic enzymes in animals fed with either fructose or glucose.


The relation of sodium and potassium ion transport to the respiration and adenine nucleotide content of liver slices treated with inhibitors of respiration. 1. The dependence of the net transport of Na(+) and K(+) by rat liver on the respiration has been determined by incubating slices in the presence of varying concentrations of respiratory inhibitors. 2. Neither the rate of net transport nor the total amount of each ion transported was inhibited unless the rate of endogenous respiration was decreased below a critical value of about 330mmol of O(2)/h per kg of protein (i.e. 50% of the total endogenous respiration). 3. The uninhibited rate of respiration could be varied over a twofold range (380-770mmol of O(2)/h per kg of protein) by the use of different substrates, but the critical value for the onset of transport inhibition was quite constant (290-360mmol/h per kg of protein) under these different conditions. 4. Slices incubated at 38 degrees C without inhibitors showed an increase of their ATP content and the concentration ratio ATP/ADP. The final ATP content and concentration ratio, ATP/ADP, of slices treated with different concentrations of inhibitors were closely related to the rate of respiration. 5. The increased ATP content of the control slices during incubation was equal to the increase of total adenine nucleotides. At increasing degrees of respiratory inhibition the relative contributions of ADP and AMP to the total adenine nucleotide content increased. 6. The critical rate of respiration for the onset of inhibition of ion transport and the corresponding contents of adenine nucleotides provide estimates of the maximal values of certain parameters of energy metabolism required for the support of alkali-cation transport in the liver slices.


Clearing-factor lipase in obese hyperglycaemic mice (ob-ob). 1. Clearing-factor lipase was assayed in acetone-ether-dried powders of heart and epididymal fat-pads of lean and genetically obese mice (ob/ob). In both tissues the enzyme activity in the adult was higher in the obese mice. 2. In heart the enzyme activity was unchanged from 8 to 48 weeks of age in lean mice, but in obese mice it increased between 8 and 12 weeks of age and remained elevated. 3. Starvation produced changes in the heart clearing-factor lipase activity in obese, but not lean, mice. 4. The clearing-factor lipase activity of epididymal fat-pads decreased rapidly during 24h starvation in both lean and obese mice, but the activity in the obese mice remained higher than that in lean mice. 5. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were determined in both lean and obese mice. Triglyceride concentrations were not greatly different, but the obese mice were hypercholesterolaemic. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were not correlated with changes in clearing-factor lipase activity.


Unsaturated monohydroxy bile acids in cholestatic liver disease.


A study of the nature of the immediate precursor of the extracellular  -amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. A reappraisal. 1. A defined medium was devised for use in washed-cell experiments with post-exponential-phase cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The medium allowed alpha-amylase to be secreted, bacterial concentration to increase and l-[U-(14)C]valine to be incorporated into protein at a linear rate, which was the same as in a post-exponential-phase culture, for up to 6h. 2. Determination of the specific radioactivity of l-[U-(14)C]valine in the medium, the intracellular amino acid pool, the cellular protein and the isolated alpha-amylase, after a 3h incubation of washed cells in the defined medium, showed that at least 76% of the alpha-amylase secreted was synthesized de novo. 3. By isolating the alpha-amylase formed during a 6h incubation in the presence of l-[U-(14)C]valine it was shown that the specific radioactivity of the N-terminal valine, within the limits of experimental error, was the same as that of the total valine residues from the complete alpha-amylase molecule. 4. A consideration of these results in relation to the whole literature on the subject strongly supports the idea that there is no reason to suppose that extracellular alpha-amylase is formed from a high-molecular-weight precursor in B. amyloliquefaciens and closely related organisms with identical characteristics of exoenzyme secretion.


The lactogenic action of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the rat.


Non-enzymic catalysis of oxalate decarboxylation by light and flavins.


The possible use of cyanogen bromide fragments in the semisynthesis of proteins and polypeptides.


The role of respiration in the energy metabolism of the bovine lens.


The concentration of asparagine in the tissues of rats treated with growth hormone.


The mode of action of dandelion root  -fructofuranosidases on inulin.


The influence of diet on ribonucleic acid polymerase activity.


Metabolic effects of acetaldehyde on rat adipose tissue in vitro.


A phosphatidyl diglucosyl diglyceride from Acholeplasma laidlawii B.


Fatty acid synthetase from cow mammary gland tissue cells.