A DNA-binding protein in the serum of certain mammalian species. Various mammalian species contain an anionic serum protein that reacts specifically with native DNA. It is considerably less reactive with single-strand DNA and does not react with monodeoxyribonucleotides, homopolyribonucleotides, or duplexes of homopolyribonucleotides. Synthetic dA.dT was an effective inhibitor of the reaction with native DNA, while Micrococcus luteus DNA and dG.dC were not inhibitory. This protein was encountered in the course of studies on DNA antibodies. Although it reacted with red cells coated with DNA and gave agar precipitation bands, it was clearly distinct from DNA antibodies. It was found in the serum of all animals of a given species, migrated as an alpha-beta globulin, and did not crossreact with gammaglobulins. It reacted with DNA in solution to give precipitation curves that were strongly influenced by changes in ionic strength. The protein was isolated from canine serum by precipitation with DNA and purified to homogeneity, as judged by immunochemical and electrophoretic criteria.A similar protein was found in mink, equine, and other sera, but not in human sera. Previous studies on DNA antibodies in certain experimental animals may have given false positive results due to this protein.


Purification and properties of three pig erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases.


Generalized seizures following isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis in a patient with uremia.


Histaminase activity: a biochemical marker for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Histaminase activity in tumor and tissues from 7 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was compared with that from control patients with other diseases.  In control patients, tissue histaminase activity was high only in kidney and ileum.  In 1 patient who died of widely disseminated medullary carcinoma, high histaminase activity was found in both solid tumor and tissues which did not have gross tumor.  Histologic studies showed that the tissues with high enzyme activity contained microscopic foci of the tumor.  In a 2nd patient with widely disseminated medullary thyroid carcinoma, who had received the histaminase inhibitor aminoguanidine 5 hours before death, low enzyme activity was found in serum, tumor, kidney, ileum and other tissues.  This patient had high serum histaminase activity before administration of aminoguanidine.  It appeared that the drug had inhibited the enzyme activity in both serum and tissues.  Tumors removed from 4 patients with localized medullary carcinoma of the thyroid had high enzyme activity.  Pheochromocytomas from 6 patients had low histaminase activity and could thus be differentiated from medullary thyroid carcinoma.  A pheochromocytoma from 1 patient, who died of disseminated medullary carcinoma, had high histaminase activity and microscopic foci of medullary carcinoma.  Another patient with a tumor of the mediastinum and a pheochromocytoma had high histaminase activity in serum and the mediastinal tumor.  This finding raised the possibility that the mediastinal tumor was an unusual primary tumor of the mediastinal parafollicular cells and may be related to medullary thyroid carcinoma.  No other tumor examined had high histaminase activity.  It was concluded that histaminase activity in surgical and autopsy specimens can serve as a specific biochemical marker for the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.


An outbreak of infection by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in nonhuman primates. Between October 1970 and June 1971, at the National Center for Primate Biology, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis of serotypes I-B and III was isolated from 9 monkeys (one during life and 8 at necropsy) of the following species: Macaca cynomolgus, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca radiata and Cercocebus fulliginosus. All these animals had characteristic gastrointestinal lesions consisting of superficial erosions or ulcerations with masses of gram-negative coccobacilli and an acute inflammatory exudate. Involvement of mesenteric nodes, livers and spleens by similar lesions was common. A more granulomatous reaction was rarely seen. Similar lesions without bacteriologic confirmation were found at necropsy in 20 other animals. When guinea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with our isolates, they developed focal splenic and hepatic necrosis resembling the septicemic form of the disease which is seen rarely in man. When inoculated intraperitoneally, they developed mesenteric lymphadenitis resembling human nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis; no intestinal lesions could be detected in the animals inoculated orally. The granulomatous component of the inflammatory response was better developed in guinea pigs than in the monkeys. It is concluded that infection by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in nonhuman primates and probably also in other species, including man, is primarily a gastrointestinal disease. The primary intestinal lesions may be conspicuous, as in the monkeys, or inconspicuous, as in the guinea pig and man. The acuteness of the inflammatory response in the monkeys, when compared to the more granulomatous reaction in guinea pigs, suggests that the great majority of the monkeys died from an overwhelming infection before they could develop hypersensitivity to the organism.


Sterility of fluid-filled lines for pressure measurement.


The Vickers formalin sterilisation unit.


Effects of gold and prednisolone on inflammation and phagocytosis in the rat.


Collagen vitreous substitute. I. Experimental study.


Biological vitreous substitutes. Inflammatory response in normal and altered animal eyes.


Plasma fibrinogen concentrations after intravenous administration of fibrinopeptides to rats.


Electron microscopic study of the early changes in heart valve of chickens injected with Streptococcus faecalis.


Radiation exposure during the biosatellite 3 primate flight.


Calculations of whole body dose from absorption of an inhaled noble gas.


Correlation of circulating capsular polysaccharide with bacteremia in pneumococcal pneumonia. Immunoelectroosmophoresis with rabbit anticapsular antibody was used to detect type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharide in serum from bacteremic patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The test could detect as little as 0.1 to 1.0 mug per ml or 0.2 to 2 ng per test of polysaccharide from types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, and 18, and its sensitivity was 10 times that of double immunodiffusion. Although antigen could be detected by double immunodiffusion with types 7 and 14, no antigen could be detected by immunoelectroosmophoresis. Types 7 and 14 polysaccharides were found to be positively charged, whereas the other polysaccharides were negatively charged. Forty-six patients with pneumonia were selected for study because pneumococci corresponding to those types where the test was known to work had been isolated from blood or the respiratory tract. Antigenemia correlated strongly with bacteremia: 12 of 20 bacteremic patients with pneumonia showed antigenemia, whereas 26 patients negative for bacteremia did not show circulating antigen detectable with antisera against the pneumococcal type isolated from the respiratory tract. The apparent concentration of circulating polysaccharide ranged from 0.1 to 100 mug per ml of serum, and the concentration did not appear to diminish appreciably in 10 to 15 days. Three of 12 patients with antigenemia died, and two of these had the highest levels of circulating antigen observed.


Glucose degradation in normal and atherosclerotic aortic intima-media.


Antibody and immunoglobulin response to antirabies vaccination in man. Serum neutralization antibody and immunoglobulin responses in 30 individuals were studied in paired serum samples which had been obtained before and 2 to 3 weeks after the administration of a recall dose of rabies tissue culture vaccine. The immune reaction consisted of a predominantly immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response. Also, a significant increase in neutralizing antibody titers was observed, but without a consistently correlated change of the IgG levels in the individual serum samples. The radial immunodiffusion test appears to contain the elements necessary for the development of a routine test to determine rabies antibody in single serum samples.


Immunological response of mice to members of the autochthonous intestinal microflora. Based on agglutination, complement fixation, bactericidal, and opsonization tests, it is evident that suspensions of a Bacteroides sp. isolated from the mouse intestine and given by parenteral routes do not initiate antibody formation in mice. Rats also respond poorly to the antigenic stimulus. In contrast, suspensions of other bacterial species isolated from the rodent intestine are highly immunogenic. Furthermore, high titers of antibody are produced in rabbits, guinea pigs, and sheep after parenteral injection of the Bacteroides suspensions. Marked differences in the absolute and relative numbers of Bacteroides in the intestinal contents of rodents and the latter three animal species have been demonstrated. It is proposed that the immunological unresponsiveness of rodents to this organism is related to its existence as a member of the autochthonous microflora in these animals.


Characterization and comparison of mycobacterial antigens by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2D-IEP), in which a complex of antigens is subjected to electrophoresis first through an agarose matrix in one direction and secondly through an antiserum-agarose matrix at right angles to the first direction, was evaluated as a tool for analysis of mycobacterial antigens. Cell extracts from four species of mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (four strains), M. bovis strain BCG, M. scrofulaceum, and M. phlei, were assayed by 2D-IEP with four anti-mycobacterial antisera. Besides displaying the precipitin curves in a more easily interpreted format than did conventional immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), 2D-IEP offered greater sensitivity in terms of numbers of precipitin curves when like reactions were compared with IEP patterns. As many as 60 immunoprecipitates were observed on 2D-IEP slides compared to 18 on comparable IEP plates. Technical reproducibility of patterns from run to run was excellent. Other parameters, such as the influence of using different batches of antigen on the pattern, are discussed. Each of the cell extract antigens gave a unique pattern of precipitin peaks which could be easily differentiated from the patterns given by the other mycobacterial cell extracts when reacted with any of the antisera in 2D-IEP. Since both the species and strains of mycobacteria could be easily and reproducibly differentiated solely on the basis of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic patterns obtained with any of the antisera employed in this study, it may be possible, by using IEP, to differentiate and identify all species and strains of mycobacteria with one standard, highly sensitive antiserum, rather than a battery of antisera.


Isolation of porcine immunoglobulins and determination of the immunoglobulin classes of transmissible gastroenteritis viral antibodies. The porcine immunoglobulins M (IgM), A (IgA), and G (IgG) were isolated and purified and some of the properties of the porcine milk IgA were examined. Monospecific antisera which were prepared against these immunoglobulins in rabbits were then used to absorb a particular class of immunoglobulin from sow serum, colostrum, and milk in an attempt to identify the immunoglobulin classes of neutralizing antibodies to the porcine enteric virus, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE). The results of these absorption studies suggest that in colostrum and milk from sows experimentally (orally) or naturally infected with live virulent TGE virus, IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin class of TGE antibodies. Both IgA and IgG TGE antibodies appeared to be present in the serum from these sows, but with IgG TGE antibodies predominating. In contrast, in the serum, colostrum and milk from sows vaccinated intramuscularly or intramammarily with live attenuated TGE virus, the TGE antibody activity was associated mainly with the IgG class of immunoglobulins. These results provide additional data indicating that the route of infection or vaccination markedly influences the immunoglobulin class of antibodies in colostrum and milk. Secondly, IgA antibodies in mammary secretions are probably essential for providing optimal passive immunity of nursing pigs against infection with TGE virus.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa: immune status in patients with cystic fibrosis. In order to have a better understanding of the clinical significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, circulating and secretory antibodies were measured. Of 100 patients diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis (CF) and an atypical mucoid P. aeruginosa cultured from their sputum, each possessed serum precipitins. These immunoprecipitates, however, were not detected in the sera of 40 CF patients, some of whom were chronically ill with pulmonary colonization by typically rough-smooth strains of P. aeruginosa. The sera of 46 CF patients and 27 CF patient parents not colonized by P. aeruginosa were negative for the precipitins. The sera from 15 of 45 chronically ill patients not having CF, however, but harboring P. aeruginosa, also possessed serum precipitins. The sera from 85 subjects not having CF and not clinically infected with P. aeruginosa were negative for precipitins. Serum hemagglutination titers as high as 1:4096 were measured in older CF patients having advanced pulmonary disease and who were infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa. Salivary titers ranged from 1:8 to 1:64. Increased levels of both circulating and secretory antibodies of the immunoglobulin A and G classes were demonstrated in patients with CF. Once a patient with CF becomes colonized with P. aeruginosa a process of conversion from the rough and smooth forms to the mucoid form is almost inevitable. Although the mucoid form predominates in the sputum, intermediates of the various colony types are often present. Serum precipitins were demonstrable only after the appearance of mucoid strains in the sputum of patients with CF. Although antibiotics tend to reduce the number of mucoid microorganisms, they are rarely, if ever, eradicated from these patients' lungs. Recurrent episodes of servere pulmonary infection and the evidence of increasing antibody formation to mucoid strains indicates the invasiveness of these particular strains.


Interferon system in mice infected with the scrapie agent. Therapy with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid did not protect scrapie-infected mice; scrapie infection did not affect the interferon response to polyinosinic . polycytidyl acid or Newcastle disease virus.


Bacterial lipopolysaccharide: oral route for interferon production in mice. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide given orally to mice in relatively small amounts produces significant amounts of circulating interferon.


Secretory otitis media: immunologic studies of middle ear secretions.


Measurement of ragweed antigen E by double antibody radioimmunoassay.


An ergot preparation (Hydergine) for relief of symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency.


Studies on biosynthesis and morphogenesis of R-type pyocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. Subunits of pyocin R and their precipitability by anti-pyocin R serum.


Nucleosidetriphosphate: nucleosidediphosphate phosphotransferase (NTP-NDP kinase) of Rhodospirillum rubrum: its purification and properties.


The inactivation of muscle relaxing protein by antibody.


Purification and crystallization of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin.


An ounce of prevention.

An ounce of prevention.


Leukemia-associated antigens.

Leukemia-associated antigens.


Prostaglandins, pain and fever.

Prostaglandins, pain and fever.


Sacculation of the small intestine in scleroderma.


Some aspects of the genetic control of the biosynthesis of chlortetracycline.


The study of  111 In-labeled compounds in mice, using perturbed angular correlations of gamma radiations.


Pseudomonas pneumonia: a prototype of hospital-based infection.


The course of experimental Fasciola hepatica infection in calves with a deficient cellular immunity.


Studies on the streptomycin biosynthesis.


Ovine perinatal mortality associated with Bacillus cereus.


Selected aspects of the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins.


The health enterprise in modern society.


IgE and hypersensitivity in man.

IgE and hypersensitivity in man.


Ultrastructure of the mycelium of Streptomyces aureofaciens in the course of biosynthesis of tetracycline.


Biosynthesis of polypeptide antibiotics.


The unsuitability of non-domesticated animals as pets.


Treatment of haemoglobinopathies and allied disorders. Report of a WHO Scientific Group.


Neurofibromatosis of the bladder and vagina.


The contribution of maternal hyperbilirubinemia to amniotic fluid pigmentation.


Interception: the use of postovulatory estrogens to prevent implantation.


Amino acid variations in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma from Rh-sensitized pregnancies. II.


Dysfunction of the esophageal inlet. Treatment by upper esophageal sphincter myotomy.


The use of pigskin in the treatment of thermal burns.


Pulmonary changes in treated hemorrhagic shock. II. Ringer's lactate solution versus colloid infusion.


Intestinal fistula output in regular, elemental, and intravenous alimentation.


Immunoglobulin assays and electrophoretic patterns in wheezing infants.


Unit activity in the pontine reticular formation associated with eye movements.


Aspergillus infection in tubular cavities.


Enhancement of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol by normal serum in vitro.


Salmonellosis in orally infected specific pathogen-free C57B1 mice. Specific pathogen-free C57B1 mice are 100 to 1,000 times as sensitive as CD-1 mice to intravenous or oral challenge by Salmonella enteritidis or S. gallinarum. Resistance to infection by S. pullorum was unaffected. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in intravenously infected C57B1 mice was similar to that seen in CD-1 mice. Quantitative counts of viable S. enteritidis in the walls of the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine and in the corresponding intestinal contents showed that most of the oral challenge inoculum was rapidly inactivated so that, by 24 hr, less than 1% was still viable. Overnight starvation and pretreatment with bicarbonate solution increased the relative survival of the challenge approximately 10-fold. Despite the rapid and extensive inactivation of the oral inoculum within the normal intestine, significant numbers of salmonellae reached the liver and spleen by 48 hr, and this systemic infection was subsequently responsible for the death of a high proportion of the challenged animals.


Pathogenesis and immunological aspects of experimental histoplasmosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Studies were carried out to obtain basic information on the pathogenesis of experimental histoplasmosis in Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and to determine whether such infected primates can be used as a source of positive reference sera in serological tests for histoplasmosis. Ten monkeys were inoculated intraperitoneally with approximately 9.1 x 10(7) viable Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-form cells or cell aggregates. At periodical intervals, their sera were tested for antibodies to H. capsulatum by the complement fixation (CF), immunodiffusion, and latex agglutination tests. Selected monkeys were also sacrificed at periodical intervals for cultural and pathological evaluation of their tissues. Infection with H. capsulatum elicited high-antibody responses, and the fungus disseminated to many organs. Initially, the infected monkeys developed CF titers as high as 1:256 to both histoplasmin and H. capsulatum yeast cell antigens. Subsequent challenges boosted the CF antibody titers to levels as high as 1:1,024. All of the monkeys developed M precipitins, and some also produced H precipitins. Latex agglutination titers as high as 1:1,024 were also demonstrated. Our findings show that Cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with H. capsulatum by the intraperitoneal route develop a mild form of histoplasmosis and that these animals can be used as a source of reference sera in serological tests for histoplasmosis.


Mechanisms of pathogenesis in Listeria monocytogenes infection. VI. Oxidative phosphorylation in mouse liver mitochondria during experimental listeriosis. Previous reports have demonstrated early changes in hepatic carbohydrate and energy metabolism in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. This study was undertaken to further elucidate mechanisms of damage involved in these changes. Female CD-1 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10(6)L. monocytogenes A4413. At 0, 10, and 20 hr after infection, groups of mice were sacrificed and the livers were removed and pooled. Oxidative phosphorylation was assayed immediately upon isolation of mitochondria from pooled liver homogenates. Appropriate metabolic inhibitors were employed to examine each of the three phosphorylation sites in mitochondrial electron transport. When pyruvate-malate (equimolar concentrations) and alpha-ketoglutarate were used as substrates, decreases in both phosphorylation and oxidation were noted as early as 10 hr after infection. With beta-hydroxybutyrate and citrate as substrates, alterations were not noted until 20 hr after infection, whereas no changes were seen when glutamate, succinate, or ascorbate were employed. These results suggest possible derangement of the first site in oxidative phosphorylation as well as lowered activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked dehydrogenases during experimental listeriosis in mice.


Rabies antibody determination by immunofluorescence in tissue culture. A tissue culture (TC)-fluorescent antibody (FA) technique for the measurement of rabies-neutralizing antibody was found to be reliable and comparable to the standard mouse serum neutralization test. This test was performed with BHK-21 cells infected with the ERA vaccine virus strain on Lab-Tek TC chamber slides. A Flury high egg passage (HEP) rabies virus strain grown on continuous line of African green monkey (Vero) and on BHK-21 cells was investigated to determine its utilization in a TC-FA neutralization procedure. Although both the HEP and ERA viruses infected Vero and BHK-21 cells, the amount of fluorescent antigen observed was most consistent with ERA virus and BHK-21 cells.


Immunochemistry and end-group analyses of group A streptococcal M proteins. Type-specific M proteins were examined to determine whether their immunological specificities were also reflected by major chemical differences. Sixteen different type-specific protein preparations were employed, including two from non-M-typable strains. These M proteins, acid-extracted from whole cells, were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography and were compared by immunodiffusion, electrophoretic, amino acid, and N-terminal amino acid analyses. Although the data did not reflect major chemical distinctiveness in the types examined, some interesting results evolved. Four important factors were observed to be shared by all M protein types examined: (i) glutamic acid was the most prevalent amino acid, (ii) amino acid molar ratios were similar, (iii) each had l-alanine as a single N-terminus, and (iv) purified peaks from the column chromatograms still showed heterogeneity while giving type-specific reactivity for multiple bands. Thus, whereas chemical typing is apparently unfeasible, the data indicate that these may be unique proteins, reflected especially in the finding of the same N-terminus amino acid in all strains investigated.


Phagocytosis of microbial L-forms.

Phagocytosis of microbial L-forms. Little data are available regarding L-form phagocyte interactions. Due to difficulty with more conventional methods, a serum-free technique of surface phagocytosis employing cellulose ester micropore filters, fluorochrome staining, and reflecting fluorescence microscopy was developed. Intracellular localization of L-frms was confirmed by electron microscopy. In timed experiments, phagocytosis of a group D Streptococcus (ATCC 23241) and its L-form (T53I) were maximal at 30 min, although the bacteria were consistently better phagocyted. Phagocytosis of an Escherichia coli (strain Yale) and its L-form was also demonstrated with the same technique. The lesser phagocytosis of L-forms may be related to their lower chemotactic activity.


Effect of estrogen and progesterone on feed intake and hydroxyproline excretion following induced hypocalcemia in dairy cows.


Bovine plasma albumin as a supporting matrix in the method of Ryter and Kellenberger.


Acquired eventration of the diaphragm in the newborn.


Hereditary increased thyroxine-binding-globulin capacity.


The structure of the trabecular meshwork of the primate eye: a light and electron microscopic study with peroxidase.


Plasma triglyceride transport kinetics in diabetes mellitus.


New method for detection and quantitation of circulating platelet aggregates.


Inhibition of a discrete bacterial DNA polymerase by 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil and 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo-)-isocytosine.


Effect of 6-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-azouracil on B. subtilis DNA polymerases.


Meningococcal meningitis in New Zealand with special reference to carrier rates in military trainees.


Efferent projections of the mammillary body in the cat.


In vitro DL-1- 14 C leucine incorporation into protein of rat liver slices during hepatic carcinogenesis induced by DAB in the presence and in the absence of albumin.


Urinary excretion of kidney antigens in rats consuming analgesics.


Music day at Mennonite.

Music day at Mennonite.


Intravenous catheters and infection.

Intravenous catheters and infection.


Prostaglandin E 2 : analysis of effects on pregnancy and corpus luteum in hamsters and rats.


Enzymatic activities and glutathione content of erythrocytes in the newborn: comparison with red cells of older normal subjects and those with comparable reticulocytosis.


The in vitro incorporation of (2- 14 C) glycine into glutathione of human red blood cells and the formation of a haemoglobin-glutathione complex.


Binding of folic acid to human plasma proteins.


Transferrin, the third carrier protein of folic acid activity in human serum.


Fine structure of the bone marrow sinusoidal wall in idiopathic and drug-induced panmyelopathy.


A rapid screening test for thalassaemic trait.


Quantitative study of the effects of cyclophosphamide on peritoneal cell populations.


Failure of subcutaneous heparin treatment in a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation.


The origin of gamma G globulins in human amniotic fluid.


Immunologic inactivation of human pregnancy serum oxytocinase activity.


Plama estradiol, estriol, and progesterone in human pregnancy. II. Clinical applications in Rh-isoimmunization disease. The relationships between estradiol, estriol, and progesterone in Rh-isoimmunization disease are described.  Plasma specimens from 12 patients with anti-Rh titers of 1:16 or greater were studied by radioligand and radioimmunoassay.  The concentrations of progesterone in 8 patients severely affected were significantly elevated (p less than .05).  Estradiol levels were less consistent, with only 2 patients having values above the mean.  The mean estriol level averaged 75% of normal but was not significantly low (p more than .1).  The 4 patients with mild Rh-isoimmunization disease had levels not markedly different from normal values.  3 of the 12 patients demonstrated estradiol/estriol ratios outside the 95% confidence interval and all 3 ended in either intrauterine fetal death (2) or neonatal death (1).  Normal ratios of both estradiol/estriol and progesterone/estriol were found in 6 of the 12 patients and were associated with good fetal prognosis.  4 of 6 patients who showed rising progesterone/estriol ranges outside the 95% confidence interval resulted in either stillbirths (2) or neonatal deaths (2).  The simultaneous utilization of these 2 hormone ratios is necessary for predicting fetal well-being in patients with Rh-isoimmunization disease and may be helpful in the follow-up of patients who undergo intrauterine fetal transfusion.


Amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio as an assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity.


Serologic and immunologic evaluation of neonates following maternal influenza infection during the second and third trimesters of gestation.


Experimental infections with African trypanosomes. II. Immunization of mice and monkeys with a gamma-irradiated, recently isolated human strain of Trypanosoma rhodesiense.


Raised levels of serum IgE in human helminthiases.


Schistosomiasis mansoni in baboons. The effect of surgical transfer of adult Schistosoma mansoni upon subsequent challenge infection.


Ticks as vectors of Rickettsia prowazeki--a controversial issue.


Effect of dietary change on the rates of synthesis and degradation of rat liver fatty acid synthetase.


A guide for interpreting substrate nonlinear steady-state enzyme kinetic data using random models.


Effect of pH on the water and electrolyte content of rat diaphragm.


Properties of a measles virus neuropathic for rhesus monkeys.


Temperature-sensitive mutants of rubella virus. Brief report.


Combined cell and organ culture for isolation of influenza A2 viruses. Brief report.


The characterization of Chikungunya virus RNA.


An anionic trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces erythreus: characterization.


Potassium release following administration of succinylcholine in chronically uraemic monkeys.


Cleavage furrow: calcium as determinant of site.


Requirements for DNA replication preceding cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Factors affecting agonistic behavior in several subhuman species.


Studies on the use of chemically tagged normal white blood cells as antigens for producing specific immune response against human leukemic cells.


Novel phosphate anthelmintics. 2. Aralkyl and aralkenyl analogs of dichlorvos.


Lincomycin. 14. An improved synthesis and resolution of the antimalarial agent, 1'-demethyl-4'-depropyl-4'-(R)- and -(S)-pentylclindamycin hydrochloride (U-24, 729A).


Synthesis and biological activity of 2,4-diamino-6- and -7-(1-adamantyl)pteridines.


Folic acid analogs. Modifications in the benzene-ring region. 2. Thiazole analogs.


Synthesis of some bis(2,4-diaminopyrimidines) and bis(2,4-diaminoquinazolines) as potential antimalarial agents.


Structure and physico-chemical properties of bacteriophage G. I. Arrangement of protein subunits and contraction process of tail sheath.


Relative mass determination from darkfield electron micrographs with an application to ribosomes.


Membranes in Tetrahymena. I. The cortical pattern.


Production of elastase by pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi.


Circadian rhythmicity in susceptibility of mice to sublethal Coxsackie B3 infection.


Failure of anti-D prevention in monozygotic twins.


Genetics and pediatric ophthalmology.

Genetics and pediatric ophthalmology.


A micro-complement fixation test applied to infection with Pneumocystis carinii.


Studies on Tataguine infection in Nigeria.


Characteristics of lambda p4, a lambda derivative containing 9 per cent excess DNA.


A comparison of certain properties of desmodium yellow mottle and turnip yellow mosaic viruses.


Saccades and the quick phase of nystagmus.


Comparative study on identification for fibrinogen in human plasma and its preparations.


Treatment of pharyngoesophageal diverticula.


The effects of certain blood-grouping sera on the red-cell surface as seen by the scanning electron microscope.


Placental glycogen metabolism in diabetes mellitus.


An attempt to compare the affinity of thyroxine-binding-globulin to thyroxine in normal and hyperthyroid sera.


Enteric immunization with live adenovirus type 21 vaccine. II. Systemic and local immune responses following immunization. Studies of the immunologic responses following administration of a live, enteric-coated adenovirus (ADV) type 21 vaccine showed that nine of ten vaccinees and none of five controls developed neutralizing antibody. Antibody activity of serum and secretory immunoglobulins was assayed by using a (14)C-labeled ADV-21 antigen in a radioimmunodiffusion system. Increases in immunoglobulin M, A and G (IgM, IgA, IgG) activity were detected in sera from vaccinees but not in those from controls. IgA copro antibody activity was also shown in vaccinees but not in controls. Nasal secretions showed no detectable IgA antibody responses by this method. These studies show marked differences in serum and local IgA antibody activity in induced enteric ADV infection compared to previously reported responses after natural infection. The protective role of secretory IgA in adenovirus infections is obscure. However, absence of nasal IgA responses may indicate that protection against disease with enteric ADV vaccines depends primarily upon humoral antibody.


Latex agglutination test for measurement of antibodies to meningococcal polysaccharides. A latex agglutination test employing serogroup-specific meningococcal polysaccharides as the antigen has been developed. The test has been used to measure serological responses in patients with meningococcal disease, in meningococcal carriers, and in volunteers who received meningococcal vaccines. It has been shown to be a sensitive and highly specific test for the detection of group-specific meningococcal antibody. The advantages of standardized particles and antigens which are simple to prepare and stable make this assay feasible for many nonspecialized or small laboratories.


Isolation from mouse spleen of cell populations with high specific infectivity for scrapie virus. Spleen cells from mice infected with scrapie virus were separated into subpopulations on the basis of buoyant density in discontinuous gradients of isotonic albumin or differential adherence of cells to plastic. At three different intervals after infection, a population of "less dense" cells was found in albumin gradients that had 40-to 60-fold higher specific infectivity (cells per median lethal dose) than the total cell suspension before gradient sedimentation. The class of cells associated with high relative specific infectivity has a density characteristic of lymphoblasts, myeloblasts, and macrophages. Separation of "macrophage rich" cells on the basis of adherence to plastic did not result in significant enrichment of scrapie virus-infected cells.


Biological activity of a partially purified inhibitor of vaccinia virus hemagglutinin. An inhibitor acting against vaccinia virus hemagglutinin, and producing a hemagglutinin-negative virus, was separated from tumorous ascitic plasma. The finding that the partially purified inhibitor was biologically active strengthens the evidence for a specific role of the inhibitor in altering the virus.


Salicylate effects on vasopressin-stimulated water transport across toad bladder.


Vascular permeability factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The production of vascular permeability factor (PF) by certain strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been demonstrated in rabbits injected intradermally with culture filtrates followed by intravenous injection with Pontamine Sky Blue 6BX. The dose-response curve was found to be rectilinear when lesion diameters, within the range of 10 to 20 mm, were plotted against log dose. Thus, PF in test filtrates can be measured with reasonable accuracy by the concomitant testing of a reference PF. In contrast to the titers of PF obtained with Vibrio cholerae cultures, those with strains of P. aeruginosa were rather low. Thus far, PF has been demonstrated only in shallow still cultures of P. aeruginosa and not in shake cultures. A variety of commercial media were tested for the production of PF, but none was satisfactory. A synthetic medium that gave more reproducible and higher yields of PF was developed. Cultivation at 30 C generally gave higher yields of PF than at 37 C. PF was destroyed by heating at 60 C for 30 min or by digesting with trypsin or Pronase. Strains producing larger amounts of PF appeared to have greater virulence when inoculated onto the surface of burns in mice than those yielding little or no PF.


Differences in the effects of oestrogen and androgen on the sexual motivation of female rhesus monkeys.


Changes in growth hormone, insulin, and thyroxine values, and in energy metabolism of marasmic infants.


Clinical and probable genetic heterogeneity within mucopolysaccharidosis. II. Report of a family with a mild form.


The immunoelectrophoretic pattern of properdin in fresh and aged human serum.


Large fraction of scrapie virus resistant to lipid solvents.


Development of bacteriophage alpha. II. Dependence on the host ribonucleic acid polymerase. Measurements of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis using (14)C-uracil uptake in rifampin-sensitive and rifampin-resistant strains of Bacillus megatherium were carried out after infection of the bacteria with bacteriophage alpha. Phage development was inhibited in the former but not the latter strain, showing that alpha phage development is dependent on the bacterial host RNA polymerase. This dependence exists at all times during eclipse. RNA polymerase extracts showed the same in vitro rifampin sensitivity as the corresponding bacterial strains.


A dialyzable heat stable factor in acromegalic plasma associated with increased in vitro growth hormone release.


Further characterization and species specificity of leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM).


Spontaneous dissolution of isolated cell walls from Listeria monocytogenes strain A4413.


Immunoglobulin response in malaria in Ethiopia: association of splenomegaly with increased concentration of IgM.


Purification and properties of the principal liver protein conjugate of a hepatic carcinogen.


Chlorophyll, glycerolipid and protein ratios in spinach chloroplast grana and stroma lamellae.


The crosslinking of actin and of tropomyosin by glutaraldehyde.


Levels in C3 in newborns and mothers from different ecosystems.


Spondylosis in captive wild animals. A possible relationship with nutritional osteodystrophy.


Post-irradiation toilet mastectomy in the management of locally advanced carcinoma of the breast.


Intramural diverticulosis of the oesophagus.


Congenital lateral pharyngeal diverticulum.


Piperacetazine in chronic mental patients: clinical observations and new urine color test.


Sequential trial upon the awakening effect of amantadine after ketamine anaesthesia.


Clinical evaluation of two proposed antidepressants.


Streptococcal pharyngitis: a comparison of the eradication of the organism by 5- and 10-day antibiotic therapy.


Penicillin therapy of human cutaneous anthrax.


Parenterals in perspective--the hospital pharmacist's viewpoint.


Pyrogen testing: horseshoe crabs vs. rabbits.


Phentermine resin as an adjunct in medical weight reduction: a controlled, randomized, double-blind prospective study.


A controlled double-blind comparison between loxapine succinate and chlorpromazine in acute newly hospitalized schizophrenic patients.


Parenteral formulation. VI. Hydrolytic degradation of esters in parenteral solutions.


The excretion of L-dopa metabolites at different hours of the day.


A method for measuring the release of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity from rat jejunum "in vitro".


The effect of temperature on a reaction catalysed by lactose synthetase A protein.


The effect of tolbutamide and glibenclamide on the incorporation of ( 3 H)leucine and on the conversion of proinsulin to insulin in isolated pancreatic islets.


Autolysis of cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus induced by chloroform (effect of growth phase-murein).


A study of the vasoconstriction in the rabbit ear vessels during endotoxin fever and the systemic reaction of delayed (cellular) hypersensitivity (rectal temperature, ear temperature, latency of fever reaction, course of reaction).


Characterization and comparison of mycobacterial antigens by discontinuous pore gradient gel electrophoresis. Concentrated culture filtrates and cell extracts were prepared from selected mycobacteria and analyzed by a multistage polyacrylamide electrophoretic procedure. Various staining procedures were used to detect protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and lipid constituents. Visual examination of the more prominently stained components indicated differences and similarities in each species of Mycobacteria. The majority of the individual components were of small molecular weight; however, there appeared in all culture filtrates and extracts examined a slowly moving protein component of relatively large molecular size. Evidence based on immunodiffusion suggests that it is a common mycobacterial antigen.


Characterization and comparison of mycobacterial antigens by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cell extracts and culture filtrates were prepared from several mycobacterial species and subjected to two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cell preparations were first electrophoresed in a 7% homogeneous gel followed by a second electrophoresis, at right angles to the first separation, in a 2 to 30% linear gel gradient slab. Because the stained slab resembled a "fingerprint" or "peptide map," this procedure has been called "electroprotein mapping." More than 200 protein-staining spots were detected in several of the cell extracts, each map being characteristic of the species examined. The single most characteristic portion of each map was the region between the 16 and 30% gel concentrations. This region consisted of several small-molecular-weight components (many of peptide proportions) which together appeared as the most anodic band in the 7% gel column (first separation). The number and location of these components in the linear gel slab (second separation) were specific for each species tested. By electrophoresis of molecular-weight markers (i.e., albumin, myoglobin, cytochrome c) with and across (transverse electrophoresis) the gel gradient, the relative molecular weights of the unknown cell extract components could be estimated. These results suggest that two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis is a useful tool for the characterization of mycobacterial cell constituents.


Correlation of increased metabolic activity, resistance to infection, enhanced phagocytosis, and inhibition of bacterial growth by macrophages from Listeria- and BCG-infected mice. Macrophages from mice infected with facultative intracellular organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes and BCG have been shown to resist infection by antigenically unrelated intracellular bacterial parasites. This study compares phagocytosis, bacterial growth inhibition, and oxidation of glucose by macrophages from normal mice, mice infected with listeria or BCG, or mice immunized with killed listeria in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Macrophages from listeria- and BCG-infected mice ingested more listeria; 67 and 57%, respectively, had three or more cell-associated bacteria versus 22% of controls (P < 0.001). Peritoneal macrophages from listeria- and BCG-infected animals significantly (P < 0.001 covariance analysis) inhibited growth of listeria in suspension, whereas control macrophages had no such inhibitory effect. The rate of oxidation of glucose-1-(14)C was higher in macrophages from listeria- and BCG-infected mice than from either uninfected animals or those immunized with killed listeria. During phagocytosis of killed or live bacteria, or latex particles, the rate of glucose oxidation was increased (P < 0.01). These data suggest that the cellular immunity after infection by an intracellular organism is associated with an increase in metabolic activity of macrophages, namely, an increase in the rate of glucose oxidation resulting in enhancement of phagocytosis and killing.


Immunological distinction of mycobacterial beta-lactamases. Beta-lactamase-containing fractions have been isolated from Myobacterium tuberculosis strain R(1)R(v) and M. smegmatis strains NCTC 8158 and T-64. Antisera raised in rabbits to these fractions demonstrated no cross-reactivity with a commercial Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase. Antiserum to either strain of M. smegmatis revealed no cross-reactivity with M. tuberculosis R(1)R(v), one specificity in common with the other M. smegmatis strain, and two specificities unique to the immunizing fractions. Further characterization of the common specificity was not possible, but beta-lactamase activity was related to the strain-specific precipitin lines in each case. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of isolating beta-lactamase enzyme fractions that may prove useful in the classification and diagnosis of mycobacteria.


Cross-protective antigens of Neisseria meningitidis obtained from Slaterus group Y. An extraction of the cells of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y with an aqueous solution of calcium choride (0.9 m) has been shown to solubilize a number of antigens. By immunodiffusion, this mixture of antigens has been shown to react with its group-specific antiserum and also to cross-react with a number of other group-specific antisera. The cross-reacting antigen appears to be an antigen common to a number of other serogroups of meningococci, and there is some evidence that it is protein in nature. It has been demonstrated further that the calcium chloride extract contains a strong cross-protective antigen, as shown by its ability to provide good, active immunity in mice to both the homologous and heterologous serogroups of meningococci.


Antigen-mediated fusion of specifically sensitized rabbit alveolar macrophages. Rabbits sensitized intravenously with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37Ra) suspended in mineral oil developed a strong pulmonary granulomatous response which reached its peak about 3 to 4 weeks after injection. Alveolar cells (4 x 10(6) cells/ml of tissue culture medium 199) procured 6 weeks after sensitization showed extensive development of multinucleated giant cells after 12 hr of incubation in tissue culture flasks containing heat-killed H37Ra (5 mug/ml). Giant cells measured 80 mum to 2.5 mm in length and contained between 30 and 700 nuclei. In contrast, no giant cells were observed when similar samples of the same cell populations were incubated in flasks containing: (i) no mycobacteria; (ii) heat-killed Escherichia coli; (iii) heat-killed Bacillus subtilis; (iv) latex particles; (v) ovalbumin; or (vi) phytohemagglutinin. The addition of immune (anti-H37Ra) sera potentiated the phenomenon of giant cell formation. In addition, supernatant fluids obtained from sensitive alveolar cells incubated with H37Ra were capable of inducing giant cell formation when incubated with nonsensitized alveolar cells. The results suggest that fusion of alveolar macrophages is mediated by an immunological mechanism.


Serum and nasal secretion immune response in meningococcal disease. Nasal antibodies to meningococcal organisms were demonstrable by the indirect fluorescent-antibody test in three patients. Serogroup cross-reactions were usual.


Some "intermediate" cell forms in the nasopharyngeal epithelium of Macaca fascicularis.


Morphological studies of fibrocytes in connective tissue undergoing rapid remodelling.


Inhibition of thyrotropin releasing hormone-mediated secretion of thyrotropin by human growth hormone.


A numerical taxonomic study of streptococci of serological group D.


Influence of glucocorticoids on TRF-induced TSH response in man.


Properties and comparative starch-gel electrophoresis of megacins from several Bacillus megaterium strains.


Serological heterogeneity of Mycoplasma pulmonis.


The branch point metabolite for pyocyanine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Relationship between the carotid body and erythropoietin activity in the baboon.


Is monkeypox a reservoir of smallpox?

Is monkeypox a reservoir of smallpox?


The inner ear.

The inner ear.


Hyperalimentation.

Hyperalimentation.


Effective thyroxine ratio in assessment of thyroid function.


Cell morphology of Bacillus subtilis: the effect of genetic background on the expression of a rod -  gene.


Allelic complementation between mutants in the fertility factyors of the Y chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster.


Mutagenic effects of Streptomyces coelicolor DNA detected after streptomycin treatment of competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis.


Serum complement levels in bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms.


Human maternal-fetal nutrition.

Human maternal-fetal nutrition.


Placental weight and water content relative to blood types of human mothers and their offspring.


Blood flow in muscles of paraplegic patients under various conditions measured by a double isotope technique.


Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, lead, and cadmium.


Chemical occlusion at the uterotubal junction in monkeys.


Intramyometrial prostaglandin F 2  .

Intramyometrial prostaglandin F 2  .


On growth and form in the hemochorial placenta: an essay on the physical forces that shape the chorionic trophoblast.


Antibacterial nitrofuran derivatives. V. 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde substituted aniles.


Effect of terpenes on the cell permeability to tetracycline.


Effects of nitroglycerin, dipyridamole, carbocromen, xanthinol nicotinate, and butallylonal on venous return.


Plasma estrogens, progestins and spinnbarkeit characteristics during selected portions of the menstrual cycle of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).


Heterologous liver perfusion. A comparison of the use of livers from four different species.


Experimental studies on the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on cerebral blood-flow.


Intravenous caloric requirements.

Intravenous caloric requirements.


Liver perfusion with human blood. A comparison of pig, calf, lamb, and baboon livers.


Long-term study of disodium cromoglycate in treatment of severe extrinsic or intrinsic bronchial asthma in adults. Brompton Hospital-Medical Research Council collaborative trial. The results are reported here of a long-term double-blind controlled clinical trial of disodium cromoglycate (D.S.C.G.) and isoprenaline, D.S.C.G. alone, isoprenaline alone, and a placebo given as a powder for inhalation in the treatment of severe bronchial asthma.At the end of one year 16 out of 20 patients on D.S.C.G.-isoprenaline remained on the allocated capsules, compared with 10 out of 15 on D.S.C.G., 5 out of 20 on isoprenaline, and 3 out of 19 taking the placebo. The differences between each of the D.S.C.G.-isoprenaline and D.S.C.G. regimens compared with the isoprenaline and placebo regimens were statistically significant. After eight weeks on four capsules a day the patients in each group were allocated at random so that half continued on full dosage and half on a reducing regimen. At the end of the year there was no significant difference in the failure rate between patients allocated the full dosage and the patients on the reducing dosage. The capsules were well tolerated and toxicity to D.S.C.G. was not observed.


Physicochemical properties of some semisynthetic penicillins.


Physiological disposition of some semisynthetic penicillins.


Acute increase of thyroid hormone secretion in response to cold and its inhibition by drugs which act on the autonomic or central nervous system.


Production and degradation of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide. Polysaccharide produced from cultures of serogroups A, B, and C Neisseria meningitidis was assayed by the serogroup-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. The polysaccharide produced by all serogroups was found to increase during the exponential phase of growth. For serogroups A and C, the HAI activity was stable during the stationary phase; for serogroup B, however, the HAI decayed rapidly. The degradation of the serogroup B polysaccharide was not caused by enzymatic degradation, but was due to acid accumulation in the culture medium. The large-molecular-size serogroup B polysaccharide was stabilized by increasing the buffering capacity of the medium, which also increased the yield of this antigen.


Classification of Neisseria meningitidis group B into distinct serotypes. IV. Preliminary chemical studies on the nature of the serotype antigen. Group B Neisseria meningitidis has been subdivided into 11 distinct serotypes by a sensitive bactericidal inhibition technique. The antigens responsible for induction of bactericidal type-specific antibodies were found to be extractable from the group B cells with heating at 100 C either by 0.017 n HCl in saline or by normal saline. These extracted serotype antigens were detected by a capillary precipitin test. The development of methods for extraction and assay of the serotype antigens permitted studies on their immunochemistry. The serotype antigens were distinct from the group-specific substance. Acid extracts contained abundant serotype antigen, but were devoid of group-specific substance. The identity of serotype antigens as proteins was confirmed by their sensitivity to Pronase and trypsin. The molecular weight of these antigens as estimated by G-200 Sephadex chromatography and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels is in excess of 200,000 daltons. Saline extracts containing the serotype antigen could be fractionated into three distinct fractions with acetic acid: pH 4.5 and pH 3.5 precipitated fractions and a pH 3.5 supernatant fraction. The pH 4.5 precipitated fraction contained the serotype antigen.


Plaque formation in tissue cultures by Rickettsia rickettsi isolated directly from whole blood and tick hemolymph. A simple technique is described for isolation of Rickettsia rickettsi directly from tick hemolymph and whole blood of rickettsemic guinea pigs by means of the plaque assay technique in primary chicken embryo tissue cultures. Plaque-forming units per drop of hemolymph were almost 100-fold greater for partially engorged ticks than for unengorged ticks. Rickettsemia in guinea pigs fed upon by infected ticks was detected as early as 24 hr before fever. No morphological differences were noted between plaques formed by rickettsiae isolated from tick hemolymph or from whole guinea pig blood.


Response of vaccinated and nonvaccinated syngeneic C57B1-6 mice to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Data are presented which show that the syngeneic C57B1/6 mouse strain is far more susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv than are the other allogeneic mouse strains used in this laboratory, particularly the Strong A and the CF-1 strains. Not only are the C57B1/6 mice more susceptible to tuberculous infection, but also they respond to infection more uniformly than do the allogeneic strains. C57B1/6 mice develop immunity to challenge with small infecting doses of the virulent H37Rv strain when they are vaccinated with viable cells of the attenuated H37Ra strain and with ribonucleic acid (RNA) preparations isolated from the H37Ra strain. Mice vaccinated with viable cells of the H37Ra strain, however, may die more rapidly than nonvaccinated mice when given a large infecting dose (1.0 mg). This accelerated type of disease is not seen in mice vaccinated with mycobacterial RNA. Since C57B1/6 mice are known to develop tuberculin hypersensitivity more readily than many other mouse strains, the possibility is discussed that the increased susceptibility to tuberculous infection of mice vaccinated with viable cells of the H37Ra strain may be due to a superimposition of a pronounced acute inflammatory response due to tuberculin hypersensitivity upon the infectious process. The several advantages that may be gained in the study of certain host-parasite interactions in tuberculosis by the use of a highly susceptible syngeneic mouse strain such as the C57B1/6 are discussed.


Study of inhibition of induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by endotoxin with radial immunodiffusion. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was precipitated from supernatant fluids of whole mouse liver homogenates by specific antiserum but not by normal rabbit immunoglobulin G. The slopes of inactivation curves were similar for supernatant fluids of control and poisoned mice. It was demonstrated by radial immunodiffusion that PEPCK activity assayed enzymatically was proportional to the diameter of precipitin rings in all cases, except when the enzyme was activated by tryptophan, a process not requiring new enzyme synthesis. Hence, the assay can be used to distinguish between enhanced catalytic activity due to increased enzyme levels or as the result of activation of existing enzyme molecules. Immunological quantitation of PEPCK showed that endotoxin inhibits the induction of the enzyme due to fasting between 4 and 8 hr after administration of the bacterial poison. This result is almost identical to that seen when livers of mice poisoned with actinomycin D were assayed for PEPCK by the radial immunodiffusion technique.


Physicochemical properties of Neisseria meningitidis group X polysaccharide antigen. Neisseria meningitidis group X occurs in human carrier populations and is rarely implicated in serious disease. This organism possesses a capsular group antigen which is an acidic polysaccharide. It is composed of the amino sugars, glucosamine, glucosamine-6-phosphate, galactosamine, and the simple hexose, glucose. The group X capsular antigen has an S(20,w) (0) of 3.6, and the acidic nature of the polysaccharide is reflected in an isoelectric point of 3.65. The meningococcal A, B, C, and Y polysaccharide group antigens are also composed primarily of amino sugars. The chemical composition of the group X antigen most closely resembles the capsular antigen of N. meningitidis group Y, which is also predominately a carrier organism.


In vitro interactions between virus and enhancer. Cell-free supernatant fluids of permissive host cells contained an enhancer for the m+ variant of echovirus 6. The enhancer activity remained in supernatant fractions after centrifugation at 110,000 x g for 4 hr. Under in vitro conditions, a complex between enhancer and virus formed rapidly. The complex was not dissociated by dilution and was sedimented by centrifugation. The effect of enhancer on the distribution of virus in CsCl density gradients was determined. In the absence of enhancer, virus was recovered in one peak at 1.33 g/ml. Incubation of enhancer with virus before centrifugation resulted in the formation of two peaks of infectivity at 1.33 g/ml and 1.24 g/ml. The heavier virus peak represented 43% of the recovered infectivity and could be enhanced. The light virus peak contained 26% of the infectivity and could not be enhanced. The density of enhancer was 1.20 g/ml and approximated the density of the light virus population.


Effect of polybasic amines on the immunogenicity of mycobacterial ribonucleic acid. The five polybasic amines, methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA), protamine sulfate, neomycin sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, and diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-dextran), were examined to determine their effects on the immunogenic activity of mycobacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) preparations, and whether they could substitute for Freund incomplete adjuvant (FIA) by protecting the mycobacterial RNA in vivo. These compounds were either emulsified in FIA or not emulsified in FIA. Different results were obtained when these compounds, complexed with mycobacterial RNA, were emulsified in FIA. MBSA, in ratios of mycobacterial RNA-MBSA of 1:0.2 to 1:0.4, had no effect on immunogenic activity. However, when the ratio was increased to 1:1, 1:2, or to 1:4, marked inhibition of the immunogenic activity occurred. Protamine sulfate and neomycin sulfate also inhibited the immunogenic activity of mycobacterial RNA; however, neither streptomycin sulfate nor DEAE-dextran had any effect on immunogenic activity. Without being emulsified in FIA, these five polybasic amines, with the exception of DEAE-dextran, acted only as weak adjuvants for mycobacterial RNA and, therefore, could not be used as substitutes for FIA for the protection of mycobacterial RNA from host nucleases. DEAE-dextran, although not as effective as FIA, afforded some protection for the mycobacterial RNA. DEAE-dextran alone also produced a low degree of nonspecific immunity against tuberculosis. Since MBSA, protamine sulfate, and neomycin sulfate reduce the biological activity of mycobacterial RNA after complexing with it, it is probable that these compounds "mask" the immunogenic sites on the mycobacterial RNA structure.


Hemagglutination by BK virus, a tentative new member of the papovavirus group. Some characteristics of hemagglutination (HA) by the BK virus, a new candidate for the papovavirus group, have been studied. Hemagglutinin prepared from cell cultures was found to be partially masked by inhibitors which could be dissociated from the virus by incubation at 37 C or by fluorocarbon extraction. Optimal conditions for HA are outlined. In routine tests, 0.5% human erythrocytes were used. The reaction was carried out at pH 7.0 on ice-water slurry. BK hemagglutinin receptors on human erythrocytes were found to be more resistant to neuraminidase than polyoma receptors. By gradient centrifugation analysis, two types of particles were found to be responsible for HA: (i) full, deoxyribonucleic acid-containing particles with a density of 1.325 g/cm(3) and (ii) empty capsids with a density 1.29 g/cm(3). Based on particle counting, one HA unit was calculated to correspond to 3 x 10(6) virus particles.


Autosensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to its own pyocin. Sensitivity of smooth and mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the same patient to their own pyocins was found to be greater at 20 than at 35 C.


Isolation and characterization of a native cell wall complex from Neisseria meningitidis. A cell wall complex has been isolated by gentle methods from both the medium supernatant fluid and whole organisms of Neissieria meningitidis cultures. The two types of preparations have been shown to be essentially identical on the basis of chemical composition, electron microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Four major components were identified in the complex: group-specific polysaccharide (4 to 10%), protein (45 to 65%), lipopolysaccharide (10 to 25%), and lipid (15 to 30%). The whole complex was found to be immunogenic in rabbits and to elicit production of antibody directed against the protein, the group-specific polysaccharide, and the lipopolysaccharide components. The isolated protein component was also found to be immunogenic in rabbits and to elicit production of serotype-specific antibody. The protein component was found to produce a band pattern in SDS-PAGE that is simple, reproducible, and strain dependent. The lipopolysaccharide component was found to have chemical and biological properties characteristic of bacterial endotoxin. We propose that this complex is representative of the outer trilaminar membrane of the meningococcal cell envelope in its native state.


New developments in the manufacture and packaging of nitroglycerin tablets.


Tissue response to an electric pulp tester.


Atrial pacing as a means to assess antianginal drugs.


Scrapie agent and neurones.

Scrapie agent and neurones.


Cellular immunity and malnutrition.

Cellular immunity and malnutrition.


Antimicrobial properties of fungal macrolide antibiotics.


Synthesis of inducible phospholipase A with antibacterial activity by Bacillus cereus.


Syndromes of genetic juvenile retinal detachment.


Blood specimens collection for red cells enzyme assay.


Progressive synergistic bacterial gangrene arising from abscesses of the vulva and Bartholin's gland duct.


Traumatic esophageal perforation.

Traumatic esophageal perforation.


Studies on a seminal plasma protein with blood group A specifity.


Bile composition, bile salt metabolism and gallstones.


Recent advances in the study of the mechanism of impact injury of the head--a summary.


Computer-assisted diagnosis of abdominal pain using "estimates" provided by clinicians. This paper reports a comparison between two modes of computer-aided diagnosis in a real-time prospective trial involving 472 patients with acute abdominal pain. In the first mode the computer-aided system analysed each of the 472 patients by referring to data previously collated from a large series of 600 real-life patients. In the second mode the system used as a basis for its analysis "estimates" of probability provided by a group of six clinicians. The accuracy and reliability of both modes were compared with the performance of unaided clinicians.Using "real-life" data the computer system was significantly more effective than the unaided clinician. By contrast, when using the clinicians' own estimates the computer-aided system was often less effective than the unaided clinician-especially when diagnosing less common disorders. It seems, firstly, that future systems for computer-aided diagnosis should employ data from real-life and not clinicians' estimates, and, secondly, that clinicians themselves cannot analyse cases in a probabilistic fashion, since often they have little idea of what the "true" probabilities are.


Late complications of head injuries in children.


Neurological investigations of the associative structure of memory.


Infusion pumps.

Infusion pumps.


Autoimmunity in experimental Trypanosoma congolense infections of rabbits. Autoimmunity in rabbits with experimental Trypanosoma congolense infections was investigated. Complement-fixing (CF) and precipitating autoantibodies to normal allogeneic and autologous tissues were found in the sera of all infected rabbits tested; the titers of CF autoantibody occurring during infection were significantly higher than normally occurring titers of autoantibody in pre-infection serum samples. Autoantibody did not cross-react with trypanosome antigens, and Wassermann antibody was not detected in normal or infected rabbit sera. Passive transfer of autoantibody to normal rabbits did not produce observable pathology or death. Physicochemical methods of analysis revealed that the autoantibody was exclusively of the immunoglobulin M class. That cell-mediated autoimmunity to normal tissue antigens did not occur during T. congolense infections was shown by histological analyses, skin tests, migration inhibitory factor, and skin reactive factor tests.


Chemical composition and immunological specificity of the streptococcal group O cell wall polysaccharide antigen. The group O streptococcal group antigen was shown to be a polysaccharide located in the cell wall of the organism. The antigen could be extracted by one of several methods: (i) 0.5 n NaOH at 37 C, (ii) phenol-water (50:50) at 68 C, (iii) 0.2 n HCl at 100 C, or (iv) 10% trichloroacetic acid at 4 C. The last method yielded more polysaccharide with less protein contamination. The polysaccharide was purified on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-200. It was composed of two-thirds glucosamine and galactosamine, and the remainder glucose plus galactose. Rhamnose, glycerol, ribitol, and muramic acid were absent. Total phosphorus and amino acids were each less than 0.1%. N-Acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine exerted a strong inhibition of the precipitin reaction and is considered the immunodominant sugar. Glucosamine and glucose possessed a partial inhibitory activity. Galactose and galactosamine were essentially negative. No evidence of cross-reactivity was found between the O polysaccharide and group A and L polysaccharides, and group A and Staphylococcus aureus teichoic acids, which posesss N-acetylglucosamine specificity. The release of limited quantities of N-acetyl-glucosamine from its terminal location by enzyme, and glucose by acid hydrolysis, indicates a limited number of side chains in the O antigen. The glucosamine is in acid-stable linkage in the polysaccharide. Glucose was not released by beta-glucosidase and probably does not occupy a terminal position. The O antigen is the only known streptococcal polysaccharide antigen which does not contain rhamnose. The effect of these factors on the immunological specificity is discussed. O serum, after adsorption with the purified polysaccharide, was used to demonstrate the presence of protein antigens in acid extracts of cells from each of the nine strains examined. These antigens may represent type antigens. Two of these strains, originally described as group O, did not contain the O polysaccharide.


Studies of the rickettsial plaque assay technique. A plaque assay system for pathogenic rickettsiae, which utilizes primary chick embryo tissue cultures, is described. It proved to be a highly reproducible measure of infectiousness for Rickettsia rickettsi and R. typhi, which were employed in most studies; as well as for R. canada, R. prowazeki, R. sibirica, R. akari, R. conori, and Coxiella burneti. Plaque-forming units (PFU) were compared to direct rickettsial counts and to 50% infectious dose (ID(50)) values for embryonated eggs, mice, and guinea pigs. Plaque size, appearance, and number were influenced by diluent, incubation temperature after nutrient overlay, centrifugation of inoculated tissue cultures, and number of host cells planted initially in each flask. The most critical factors in plaque formation were diluent used in making rickettsial suspensions and incubation temperature (32 C) after nutrient overlay. Brain Heart Infusion was the only diluent capable of preventing significant delay in plaque formation and decreases in PFU and mouse ID(50). Plaque formation was unaffected by genetic background of host cells, volume of inoculum, temperature and length of incubation period before nutrient overlay, and rapid freezing and thawing of rickettsial seed. Centrifugation of inoculated cultures at 600 x g resulted in 100% irreversible absorption of rickettsiae to host cells within 5 min, whereas without centrifugation at least 4 hr was required to achieve the same effect.


Pathogenesis of tularemia in monkeys aerogenically exposed to Francisella tularensis 425. The pathogenesis of tularemia was studied in groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that inhaled graded 10-fold doses ranging from 10 through 10(6) organisms of Francisella tularensis 425, a strain highly virulent for the white mouse but of reduced virulence for the domestic rabbit. Mean incubation periods ranged from 3 to 6 days followed by acute illness lasting 5 to 11 days with subsequent recovery of most animals. The higher inhaled doses resulted in shorter incubation periods, longer and more severe acute illnesses, and 18% mortality at the highest dose. Strain 425 multiplied in the lungs, disseminated to the regional lymph nodes, and became systemic. Maximal bacterial populations in tissues were reached by the 7th day after exposure of the animals regardless of the number of organisms inhaled. F. tularensis was no longer recoverable from any of six tissues examined 2 months after exposure. The most significant tissue changes occurred in the lungs; these consisted of foci of liquefaction necrosis, lobular consolidation, and pleural effusion and adhesions. The data indicate that the inhaled dose of strain 425 determined the maximal growth of the organism in the lungs which in turn influenced the severity of the usually self-limiting pneumonia and systemic infection. Although the monkey is less resistant to tularemia than is man, this laboratory animal when infected with F. tularensis 425 provides a useful model for the self-limiting type of human pulmonary tularemia usually observed in Europe and Asia but to a lesser extent in North America.


Contribution of humoral and cellular factors to the resistance to experimental infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. II. Opsonic, agglutinative, and protective capacities of immunoglobulin G anti-Pseudomonas antibodies. The opsonic, agglutinative, and mouse protective capacities of anti-Pseudomonas antibodies in immune and normal human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations were investigated. Opsonic activities of the immune IgG preparations correlated well with their protective activities. Antibodies present in normal IgG showed a substantial agglutinative activity but were poorly protective. Anti-Pseudomonas antibodies of both normal and immune IgG preparations were directed against the same serotype antigen as demonstrated by absorption experiments. Immune anti-Pseudomonas IgG antibodies fixed complement very efficiently as demonstrated by opsonophagocytic and hemolytic tests. Natural anti-Pseudomonas IgG antibodies fixed complement very poorly although they promoted phagocytic killing of bacteria only in the presence of heat-labile serum factors. It was concluded that, although agglutination can be used for qualitative measurement of antibacterial antibodies, it fails to measure their functional capacities.


Mutation in Shigella flexneri 2a resulting in increased electrophoretic mobility. An avirulent mutant of Shigella flexneri 2a, when grown in broth containing calcium ions, was found to have a three- to fourfold increase in electrophoretic mobility toward the anode when compared to its virulent parent. Under these same growth conditions, it was found that the avirulent strain was made more electronegative in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). EDTA had no effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the virulent strain. In the absence of added calcium in the growth medium, no differences between the strains were observed. The alteration which has resulted in an increased negative charge has also stabilized the avirulent strain against loss of lipopolysaccharide from EDTA treatment.


Ultrastructural study of the behavior of macrophages toward parasitic mycobacteria. Mycobacterium lepraemurium and M. microti (causal agent of vole tuberculosis) were isolated from tissues of experimentally infected mice and used to infect normal mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures. The cellular response to these bacteria up to 4 days after infection was studied quantitatively by electron microscopy. Prelabeling with ferritin was used to facilitate observation of fusion between secondary lysosomes in the cells and phagosomes containing the bacteria. All bacteria were intraphagosomal, and a high proportion of them was morphologically "intact." Nearly all phagosomes containing morphologically damaged (presumed nonviable) bacteria also contained ferritin, having fused with secondary lysosomes. Fusion of lysosomes had also occurred with most phagosomes containing intact M. lepraemurium but was infrequent with phagosomes containing intact M. microti. This tendency of multiplying mycobacteria of the tubercle type to avoid contact with lysosomal contents has already been reported for M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. The different intracellular circumstances of the parasites may reflect different means of intracellular survival.


Activity of macrophage and neutrophil cellular fractions from normal and immune sheep against Listeria monocytogenes. Cellular immunity to Listeria monocytogenes infection was studied by assaying for antibacterial activity in fractions of leukocytes collected from the peritoneal cavity, lungs, and mammary glands of immunized sheep. The cells were collected in populations that were largely either macrophages or neutrophils. Mechanically disrupted cells were divided into nuclear, lysosomal, and supernatant fluid fractions and then subjected to freezing and thawing. Comparison with similarly treated rabbit cells showed that greater fragility exists in the lysosomes of sheep cells, as indicated by the amount of acid phosphatase activity released. Inhibition of bacterial growth was assayed in a broth medium at pH 4.6. As expected, nuclear and lysosomal fractions from neutrophils were inhibitory. Some antibacterial activity was found in nuclear fractions of macrophages. The lysosomes of macrophages collected from the peritoneal cavity and the mammary gland did not inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes. Peritoneal macrophages were allowed to interact with sensitized lymphocytes and an avirulent strain of L. monocytogenes for 4 hr prior to disruption and fractionation, but antibacterial activity was not detected. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages from 5 out of 16 sheep contained Listeria inhibitory activity in their lysosomes. The mechanism was inhibitory but not bactericidal.


Murine typhus toxin: studies on identification of the neutralizing factor present in normal human serum. Studies were made on the isolation and identification of the Rickettsia typhi toxin-neutralizing factor (TNF) previously demonstrated in normal human serum. By means of various methods of separating serum proteins, such as filtration on Sephadex G-200, dextran precipitation, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and ultracentrifugation, TNF was found to be closely associated with purified serum beta-lipoprotein, although no serological relationship with this protein was demonstrated. Lipase as well as trypsin digestion of purified preparations of beta-lipoprotein destroyed the TN activity. No evidence was obtained for an association of TNF with the immunoglobulins or with any serum protein other than beta-lipoprotein. Further studies revealed that (i) serum specimens with TN titers of 1:1024 and others with titers of 1:8 or less contained the same concentration of beta-lipoprotein; (ii) purified preparations of beta-lipoprotein isolated from TNF positive and negative sera, and which had the same protein concentration, differed as much as 250-fold in TN titer; and (iii) the TN activity of a serum could be removed by absorption with antiserum to beta-lipoprotein from a positive donor, but not with antiserum to beta-lipoprotein from a negative donor.


Human immunoglobulin specificity after group B arbovirus infections. Sera obtained during a dengue-2 epidemic from individuals with primary or secondary group B arbovirus infections contained cross-reactive antibody against several viruses in this group. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers of the immunoglobulin M fractions from these sera revealed a rise in antibody specific for dengue-2. The acute and convalescent sera in over half of the secondary infection group also had low-level unchanging immunoglobulin M antibody titers to yellow fever which implicated yellow fever immunization as the primary infection.


Identification of different measles virus-specific antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subacute sclerosing pancencephalitis and multiple sclerosis. Matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from eight cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and 15 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) were characterized in neutralization, hemolysis-inhibition (HLI), hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) with Tween 80-ether-treated antigen, complement-fixation (CF), and immunodiffusion tests. CF tests were carried out with crude virus material, purified nucleocapsids, and small particle hemagglutinin as antigens. A certain diversity in the relative content of antibodies against different virus products in various sera was found. There was a high degree of correlation between titers of neutralizing and HLI antibodies, but a less strict correlation between titers of HLI and HI antibodies. Serum samples from two cases of MS and one case of SSPE contained high titers of HLI and neutralizing antibodies in the presence of only low titers of HI antibodies demonstrable with Tween 80-ether-treated antigen. The major fraction of antibodies detected in CF and immunodiffusion tests reacted with nucleocapsids. There was a tendency of nucleocapsid CF antibody titers, as compared to neutralization and HLI antibody titers, to be higher in samples from patients with SSPE than from cases of MS. No significant differences were found between antibody titers recorded in neutralization, HLI, and HI tests carried out with two different measles virus strains, Edmonston and a strain (LEC) derived from a case of SSPE. Comparison of antibodies against measles virus products and, as a reference, against a group-specific vertex capsomer antigen of adenovirus in matched serum and CSF samples revealed a production of measles virus-specific antibodies within the central nervous system of all cases of SSPE and 8 out of 15 cases of MS.


Antibody responses in serum, colostrum, and milk of swine after infection or vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. The antibody response of pregnant swine to transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus was studied, with special reference to the titers and the immunoglobulin (Ig) class of TGE neutralizing antibodies in colostrum and milk. Animals vaccinated twice intramuscularly or intramammarily with live attenuated TGE virus developed high levels of antibodies in serum and colostrum, but the levels in milk declined markedly within a few days post-farrowing. In contrast, animals naturally or experimentally infected with virulent virus generally developed lower levels of antibodies in serum and colostrum but maintained higher levels in milk, as compared to the vaccinated animals. Gel filtration studies indicated that antibodies in milk from vaccinated animals were primarily of the IgG class, whereas those from the naturally or experimentally infected animals were primarily of the IgA class. The ability of sows to transmit a high degree of passive immunity to their suckling progeny was more closely associated with TGE antibodies of the IgA than the IgG class. Present evidence suggests that high levels of TGE antibodies of the IgA class occur in milk as a result of an infection of the intestinal tract. Probable reasons for this are discussed.


Demonstration of antigenic identity between purified equine infectious anemia virus and an antigen extracted from infected horse spleen. Antigenic relationship between purified equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus and spleen-derived antigen from EIA-infected horses was examined by immunodiffusion. Identical antigenicity of these two antigens has been proven because precipitation lines formed between the two antigens and EIA antiserum connected with each other. The results indicate that the antigenic substance derived from infected spleen is a component of EIA virus.


Response of mice to injection of ribosomal fraction from group B Neisseria meningitidis. Ribosomes of strain NOR-7 of group B Neisseria meningitidis were isolated by a procedure that included treatment of the cells with sodium dodecyl sulfate, disruption in a French pressure cell, and differential centrifugation. These preparations consisted of 66% ribonucleic acid and 24% protein and sedimented as a single component with a constant of approximately 66S. When used in immunodiffusion tests with homologous rabbit antiserum, untreated ribosomes formed two precipitin lines, when treated with ribonuclease three lines, and when Pronase-digested only one distinct line. Qualitatively indistinguishable reactions were obtained with the same antiserum and ribosomes from group A meningococci, but no precipitation occurred with those of Escherichia coli. When injected into mice, group B ribosomes elicited an increase in the number of antibody-producing spleen cells demonstrable by the hemolytic plaque technique using unsensitized sheep erythrocytes. Sensitization of the erythrocytes with increasing amounts of supernatant fluid of meningococcal cultures progressively reduced the number of demonstrable plaque-forming cells. Neuraminidase treatment of the erythrocytes increased immune hemolysis, whereas Pronase digestion reduced it. Injected mice were protected against homologous and heterologous meningococcal challenge. Both hemolysis and protection-inducing activities of the ribosomes were unimpaired by ribonuclease, but were reduced by Pronase. It is concluded that the immunological response elicited by the meningococcal ribosomes does not involve the group-specific carbohydrate antigen. The immunological mechanism by which the mice are protected against meningococcal challenge remains unknown.


Cytophilic macroglobulin reactive with bacterial protein in mice immunized with ribonucleic acid-protein fractions of virulent Salmonella typhimurium. Cytophilic macroglobulin was eluted (by heating at 56 C for 60 min) from lymphoid cells of mice immunized with subfractions of virulent Salmonella typhimurium SR-11 or vaccinated with an attenuated strain of S. typhimurium (RIA). No such macroglobulin was present on comparable cell populations from normal or adjuvant-injected mice. Cytophilic macroglobulin was also present in the sera of immunized mice. In mice immunized with RNA and protein-containing subfractions extracted from lysates of S. typhimurium SR-11, the cytophilic macroglobulin was present by 14 days after immunization, whereas it was present by 10 days in mice injected with living attenuated S. typhimurium RIA. This macroglobulin reacts specifically with protein-rich components present in the immunogenic subfractions of the whole bacterial cells and has been demonstrated to facilitate phagocytic uptake of virulent S. typhimurium SR-11. Moreover, a similar protein material was present in broth culture media in which the salmonellae were cultivated. Greater amounts were detectable in older (4 day) cultures.


Sexual behaviour, swelling of the sex skin and plasma progesterone in the pigtail macaque.


Superior mesenteric artery syndrome as a consequence of burn injury.


Sulfamylon solution dressings in the management of burn wounds: preliminary clinical report.


The efflux of magnesium from single crustacean muscle fibres. 1. In the large single muscle fibres from the barnacle Balanus nubilus, the total fibre Mg concentration was estimated as 15.1 m-mole/kg wet wt., of which about 3-3.5 m-mole/kg wet wt. was extracellular. The diffusible Mg, measured by internal sampling, was 11.5 m-mole/kg wet wt., of which at least half may be complexed to larger diffusible molecules. The free ionized Mg level was estimated as < 5 m-mole/kg wet wt.2. The loss of [(28)Mg]MgCl(2) from both Maia and Balanus muscle fibres following axial micro-injection approximated to first-order kinetics. The maximum rate constant for the loss was 1.51 +/- 0.20 (S.E.) x 10(-5) sec(-1) for Balanus (sixty-seven fibres) and 1.06 +/- 0.46 (S.E.) x 10(-5) sec(-1) for Maia (seven fibres) at 20-25 degrees C.3. The calculated Mg efflux was in the range 6-12 p-mole/cm(2).sec based on this rate constant, assuming isotopic equilibration internally and that the surface area of the fibres approximated to that of a simple cylinder. If account was taken of the area of the cleft system the efflux was reduced by about fifteen times.4. The diffusion coefficient for injected (28)Mg was estimated as 2-3 x 10(-6) cm(2) sec(-1), about half the value in free solution. Injections of 2 M-MgCl(2) or 200 mM-EDTA subsequent to the injection of the isotope caused about a 30% reduction in the tracer efflux.5. External application of salines containing 100 mM-Ca or Mg caused a rapid but reversible inhibition of the magnesium efflux. Similar effects were observed with salines containing 32 mM-Co or Mn chlorides or 1-2 mM-La or Gd chlorides. Polyarginine (200 mug/ml.) had no effect.6. The Mg efflux had a Q(10) of 3-4 over the temperature range of about 5-20 degrees C. It was irreversibly inhibited by the sulphydryl reagent NEM (1 mM), but PCMBS (0.2-2 mM) had no effect. Contractile agents (5 mM caffeine or 200 mM-K salines) and a variety of inhibitors of ion movement or active transport had no appreciable effect on the Mg efflux. Lowering the pH of the saline from 7 to 5 produced a 70% reduction in the efflux which was reversible over short periods of application.7. Replacement of external Na, but not Ca or Mg, with Li, choline or sucrose caused a rapid and partially reversible reduction of the Mg efflux, but increasing the internal Na by micro-injection in zero Na salines had no consistent effect. It is suggested that the extrusion of Mg from these muscle cells is largely dependent upon the inward movement of Na.


The Hunter syndrome in a 46 XX girl.

The Hunter syndrome in a 46 XX girl.


Threshold detector measurements with sealed tube DT neutron generators.


Comparisons of 10-40 MeV electron and x-radiation dosimetry methods.


A trip-out circuit for arcing or free-running trigger pulses in a linear accelerator.


Polypoid lesions of the large bowel in children.


Intravenous hyperalimentation.

Intravenous hyperalimentation.


Platelet complement fixation: an in vitro test of the immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocyte globulin.


Hyperacute rejection of renal allografts in the primate: protective effect of F(ab') 2  fragment of hyperimmune serum.


Osteopathy in maintenance hemodialysis.

Osteopathy in maintenance hemodialysis.


Papillary-polypous mesothelioma of the pericardium of a dog (at the same time a contribution to the question as to primary tumours arising from serous cover cells).


The time courses of late receptor potentials from monkey cones and rods.


The melanin affinity of chloroquine and chlorpromazine studied by whole body autoradiography.


The small hospital and the areawide planning agency: a basis for constructive dialogue.


Regional hemodynamic effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol in the unanesthetized primate.


Allergenic and biological activities of melittin from honey bee venom.


Pulmonary reactions to Micropolyspora faeni in sensitized rabbits.


The significance of food antibodies in familial dysautonomia.


Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents--complex salts of platinum.


The mechanism of action of vasoactive agents on the blood clotting and fibrinolysis.


A comparison of precentral and postcentral cortical lesions on somatosensory discrimination in the monkey.


Somatosensory evoked potential: an objective indicator of the therapy efficacy of a new psychotropic drug, clorazepate dipotassium (tranxene).


Clorazepate dipotassium in anxiety: a double-blind trial with diazepam controls.


A pilot study of amoxapine (CL 67,772) in depressed inpatients.


Motival in the treatment of anxious depression.


Use of perphenazine in psychiatric emergencies: the concept of chemical restraint.


A double-blind comparison of the efficacy of EX 10-029 and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride in relieving drug-induced Parkinsonian symptoms.


Cephradine in the treatment of intestinal infections caused by Shigella or Salmonella organisms.


Comparison between carbenicillin and a  -carboxyl-3-thienylmethyl penicillin (BRL 2288), a new semisynthetic penicillin active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Effectiveness of weight reduction involving "diet pills".


A technique for repeated blood pressure determination in the rabbit.


Mortality rate in patients receiving "diet pills".


Neural pathways mediating drinking and feeding in rats.


Competition between bacteria and intrinsic factor for vitamin B 12 : implications for vitamin B 12  malabsorption in intestinal bacterial overgrowth.


Indigent pregnant women of New Orleans require tuberculosis control measures.


Effects of intense auditory stimulation: hearing losses and inner ear changes in the squirrel monkey.


The maxillae of Drosophila melanogaster as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.


Radioimmunoassay detection of hepatitis type B antigen. A prospective study in blood donors and recipients.


Critical by-products in the synthesis of polychlorobiphenyls.


Platelet shape change and aggregation.

Platelet shape change and aggregation.


Staphylococcal food-poisoning in New Zealand.


The metabolism of l-N-benzyl- -methoxy-3-trifluoromethylphenethylamine hydrochloride in the rat, dog, monkey and man.


Quantitative measurement of anti-D during pregnancy using a low ionic strength autoanalyser system.


Self administration of dextropropoxyphene by rhesus monkeys to the point of toxicity.


Cerebrospinal fluid complement and immunoglobulins in meningitis and encephalitis.


Radiotherapy for eosinophilic granuloma of the soft tissue (Kimura's disease).


The uptake of glucose-H 3  by glia cells before and after radiation injury (x-rays and 14 MeV neutrons).


Delayed, in vivo hepatic post-mortem autolysis.


Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: isolation and ultrastructural characterization of a measles-like virus from brain obtained at autopsy.


The immune response in a patient to an infection with Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis and Clostridium difficile.


Evaluation of some extraction methods for the preparation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides for structural analysis.


A sensitive modification of the Ouchterlony technique. Detection of hepatitis associated antigen by immunodiffusion in a closed hexagonal system.


Inhibition by hippurate and probenecid of in vitro uptake of iodipamide and o-iodohippurate. A composite uptake system for iodipamide in choroid plexus, kidney cortex and anterior uvea of several species.


Normal and abnormal human hemoglobins.

Normal and abnormal human hemoglobins.


Toxic effects of aerosol propellants on the heart.


Aerosol therapy in acute and chronic respiratory disease.


Light effect on the internal osmotic pressure of the blue-green algae Plectonema boryanum and Phormidium luridum.


Molecular basis for the differential anti-metabolite action of D-tyrosine in strains 23 and 168 of Bacillus subtilis.


Regional cerebral blood volume in humans. X-ray fluorescence studies.


Prolonged epileptic seizures in primates. Ischemic cell change and its relation to ictal physiological events.


Physiology of status epilepticus in primates.


Blighted potatoes, blighted fetus?

Blighted potatoes, blighted fetus?


Growth of human bone marrow in liquid culture.


Bovine factors X 1  and X 2  (Stuart factor). Isolation and characterization.


On handedness, speech and body asymmetry.


Purification and characterization of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus. Epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus has been purified from the intestines of infected mice using enzymatic digestion, precipitation with polyethylene glycol, extraction with Genesolv-D, and sucrose step-gradient centrifugation. The purified virus was found to be stable at -70 C or when treated with ether, chloroform, or sodium deoxycholate. Biochemical analysis of purified virions has suggested that the nucleic acid type of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus was of the ribonucleic acid type. Preparations of purified virions stained with phosphotungstic acid showed a particle with icosahedral symmetry, 54 +/- 2 nm in diameter and probably composed of 32 hollow capsomeres.


Lymphocyte transformation in Chagas disease. The in vitro response of human peripheral lymphocytes to Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi antigens and to phytohemagglutinin was used to study the role of cellular immunity in Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Solubilized T. cruzi antigens elicited 5 to 30% transformed cells in 5-day cultures of lymphocytes from adults chronically infected with T. cruzi. No major difference was noted between the response of 22 asymptomatic individuals and of 3 patients with chagasic cardiopathy. No correlation was found between degree of lymphocytic transformation and serum antibody titer. Lymphocytes from 15 normal controls yielded no significant transformation. Intradermal tests provoked a local delayed hypersensitivity reaction in infected individuals only, as evaluated clinically and histologically. The response to phytohemagglutinin of lymphocytes from chronically infected individuals was identical with that of normal controls.


Completing the eradication of brucellosis by 1975.


Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls in poultry.


The reaction of tetranitromethane with pituitary, luteinizing and thyroid-stimulating hormones.


In vitro incorporation of ( 14 C)serine, ( 14 C)ethanolamine, and ( 14 C)choline into phospholipids of neuronal and glial-enriched fractions from rat brain by base exchange.


Role of the K88 antigen in the pathogenesis of neonatal diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli in piglets. The role of the K88 antigen of Escherichia coli in neonatal diarrhea of piglets was studied by comparing a K88-positive strain with three K88-negative strains derived from the K88-positive strain. K88 antigen was produced by the K88-positive strain in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic piglets, whereas K88-negative strains did not regain the ability to synthesize K88 antigen. Synthesis of the antigen conferred different colonization characteristics on the four strains; K88-positive bacteria adhered to the mucosa of the small intestine, whereas K88-negative bacteria did not attach and were distributed throughout the lumen. Adhesion of K88-positive bacteria to tissue from the small intestine of gnotobiotic piglets was demonstrated in vitro and was inhibited by antisera that contained K88 antibodies. Attachment did not occur with bacteria grown at 18 C. Adhesion of cell-free K88 antigen was also demonstrated. The K88-positive strain and one of the K88-negative strains were equally virulent in gnotobiotic piglets. In contrast, the K88-positive strain killed 50% of conventionally reared piglets, whereas the K88-negative strain killed only 3%. Adhesion of the K88-positive strain, but not of the K88-negative strain, to the mucosa of the small intestine was demonstrated. Our results show that K88 antigen is responsible for attachment of K88-positive bacteria to the wall of the small intestine, and that adhesion is essential for the virulence of K88-positive bacteria in conventionally reared piglets.


Purification of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase.


Separation of folic acid compounds by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-15 and G-25.


Purification and properties of human alpha-galactosidases.


A comparative study of the effectiveness of corpuscular and chemical paratyphoid B vaccines in monkey experiments using subcutaneous and parenteral administration.


Purification and site of synthesis of Aedes aegypti yolk proteins.


An express method for measuring the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


The method of vertical diffusion for the determination of drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the concentration of biologically active tubazid in the blood serum of patients with tuberculosis.


The form of velate astrocytes in the cerebellar cortex of monkey and rat: high voltage electron microscopy of rapid Golgi preparations.


An autoradiographic and electron microscopic study of retino-hypothalamic connections.


Metabolism of glucose by unicellular blue-green algae.


Tetrazolium reduction and nitrogenase activity in heterocystous blue-green algae.


Degradation of sevin (1-naphthyl-N-methyl carbamate by Achromobacter sp.).


Diphtheria toxin: evidence for presence of fragment B in corynebacteriophage.