Causes and prevention of failure in varicose vein operations. One hundred and one patients with poor results from the operative treatment of varicose veins were studied in an effort to determine the cause of the surgical failure. In a large majority, reoperation revealed that the primary cause of the poor result was the improper performance of the original operation. A smaller number of failures were due to errors in selecting the operative procedure. Relatively few poor results in long-term follow-up were attributable to the congenital predisposition to varicosity. When operation is properly planned and executed, it produces better long-term results than the injection compression therapy of varicose veins.


Emotional patterns related to delay in decision to seek legal abortion. A pilot study.


Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In a large metropolitan general hospital, a high incidence of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was noted in non-Caucasian groups. Bile-free emesis was consistently reported, and admission was frequently delayed. A prompt diagnosis following admission was not always possible. Unequivocal palpation of a right upper quadrant mass was successful in less than half of the patients in this series, and radiographic studies were helpful in establishing the proper diagnosis in the remainder. Liver fracture can occur with improper abdominal palpation techniques. Despite a surprisingly high complication rate, the ultimate result of operative therapy is uniformly excellent. Three patients not operated upon who were followed for more than two years still have evidence of gastric dysfunction. Postoperative emesis following adequate operation is not unusual, occurring approximately one-third of the time. When postoperative emesis is protracted, incomplete pyloromyotomy should be considered.


Useful strategies in dealing with transfusion therapy.


Minimal scleroderma with extensive calcinosis cutis.


Personal care. A key to the future.

Personal care. A key to the future.


Responsible leadership and public confidence. The foundations of a free profession.


Botulism--diagnosis, management and public health considerations. Botulism is an uncommon but often fatal disease associated with ingestion of a potent neurotoxin present in improperly preserved foods. Exposures to commercially preserved foods with an odd or peculiar taste almost never represent exposure to botulism toxin. Improperly prepared home-canned products which are tasted or consumed without heating are more likely to be associated with botulism. The management of suspect and confirmed cases of botulism is presented by medical epidemiologists in the State Department of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, to provide physicians in California with a practical approach to this problem.


Immunizations and prophylaxis for foreign travelers.


The clinical significance of the SGOT test.


Intermediate care facilities.

Intermediate care facilities.


Control of epithelial cell proliferation in the small intestinal crypt.


In vitro and in vivo labelling of animal tumours with tritiated thymidine.


Autoradiographic confirmation of the mitotic division of every mouse jejunal crypt cell labelled with  3 H-thymidine. Evidence against the existence of cells synthesizing metabolic DNA.


Cell proliferation in the castrate mouse seminal vesicle in response to testosterone propionate. I. Experimental observations.


Cell proliferation in the castrate mouse seminal vesicle in response to testosterone propionate. II. Theoretical considerations.


The alteration of the regenerative activity and the cell cycle of partially hepatectomized rat liver following administration of D-galactosamine.


Diurnal variation in glucose tolerance and in insulin secretion in man.


Insulin secretion in the premature infant. Response to glucose and amino acids.


A paradoxical effect of chlorpropamide on the plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin response to intravenous glucose in normal dogs.


Effect of acetyl choline on the secretion of glucagon and insulin from the isolated, perfused canine pancreas.


Increased growth hormone in partial and total lipoatrophy.


Metabolic responses to fasting and ethanol infusion in obese, diabetic subjects. Relationship to insulin deficiency.


Effects of population size and selection intensity of short-term response to selection for postweaning gain in mice. The effects of population size and selection intensity on the mean response was examined after 14 generations of within full-sib family selection for postweaning gain in mice. Population sizes of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 pair matings were each evaluated at selection intensities of 100% (control), 50% and 25% in a replicated experiment. Selection response per generation increased as selection intensity increased. Selection response and realized heritability tended to increase with increasing population size. Replicate variability in realized heritability was large at population sizes of 1, 2 and 4 pairs. Genetic drift was implicated as the primary factor causing the reduced response and lowered repeatability at the smaller population sizes. Lines with intended effective population sizes of 62 yielded larger selection responses per unit selection differential than lines with effective population sizes of 30 or less.


Recent developments in viral hepatitis therapy.


Population genetics of marine pelecypods. 3. Epistasis between functionally related isoenzymes of Mytilus edulis. The distribution of interlocus genotypic combinations was examined in Mytilus edulis for interdependence between two loci synthesizing functionally related isoenzymes. There is significant dependence between the Leucine Aminopeptidase and Aminopeptidase loci, which we attribute to epistasis, since the magnitude of dependency varies with age. Furthermore, dependency varies in magnitude with position in the intertidal zone from which samples were taken, suggesting that epistasis is a function of the combination of certain non-homologous alleles as well as of the environmental circumstance in which the combinations occur.


Understanding and rehabilitating the atonic neurogenic bladder.


The high incidence of thromboembolism: prevention and action.


Primary hemochromatosis: easily missed cause of cirrhosis, diabetes and heart failure.


Why is pancreatic cancer incidence up; stomach cancer down?


Diagnosing and treating common disorders of the larynx.


Phlebography: a valuable tool in evaluating elusive venous disease.


A cure for iatrogenic disease: look before you leap.


Must medical progress leave the dying patient behind?


Retirement provides opportunity for new lifestyle.


The skin: a mirror of the gut.

The skin: a mirror of the gut.


The diagnostic dilemma or dyspnea--embolism, edema or pneumonia.


Attitude dynamics as a hierarchical structure.


The effects of positive versus negative social stimuli on the learning of process and reactive schizophrenics.


Some correlates of attitudes toward homosexuality.


Bifactor analysis of a multitrait-multimethod matrix of leadership criteria in smalll groups.


Answering questions and questioning answers. A reply to Levin.


The "construct validity" of the California F Scale in white South Africa.


Social class and imitation of aggressive adult and peer models.


Relationship of personality conflict and level of drive (manifest anxiety).


A systems approach to statewide emergency medical care.


A symposium on The Illinois Trauma Program: a systems approach to the care of the critically injured. Introduction: a controlled systems approach to trauma patient care.


Organization and function of trauma care units.


A trauma center in a non-metropolitan community.


New health specialists for trauma patient care.


The surgeon's role in the staffing of hospital emergency departments.


The role of the emergency physician in a trauma center.


Special centers for the care of the injured.


Trauma as a component of a critical care system.


A profile of the trauma registry.

A profile of the trauma registry.


Energy damage and the ten countermeasure strategies.


Patterns of injury in the battered child syndrome.


Treatment of severe hypoxia with red cells high in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.


An analysis of 17 fatal and 31 nonfatal injuries following an airplane crash.


Postburn shock: a critical ealuation of resuscitation.


Neurogenic pulmonary shunting.

Neurogenic pulmonary shunting.


Reconstruction of traumatic bony cntour defect.


Dislocation of the carpal scaphoid: a report of two cases.


Deliberate childhood trauma: surgical perspectives.


Daily rhythms in tryptophan and serotonin content in mouse brain: the apparent independence of these parameters from daily changes in food intake and from plasma tryptophan content.


Inhibition of brain dopamine- -hydroxylase activity by methimazole.


Gas chromatographic separation of the K-region epoxide and of the cis-and trans-11,12-diol derivatives of 3-methylcholanthrene.


Promotion of drugs in Latin America.

Promotion of drugs in Latin America.


Megestrol acetate (Megace) and other progestins in advanced endometrial carcinoma.


Drug detection. A service performed by the Michigan Department of Public Health.


Perinatal tips.

Perinatal tips.


The unique cardiotonic properties of glucagon.


Physicians must cooperate in child abuse cases.


New policies for TB screening.

New policies for TB screening.


In vivo and in vitro "phenotypic mixing" with amber mutants of phages T3 and T7.


Echography of mixed tumours of the lacrimal gland.


Aspergillus niger keratoconjunctivitis.

Aspergillus niger keratoconjunctivitis.


What is the evidence that hexachlorophene is not effective?


The incidence of infections in nurseries since the discontinuation of hexachlorophene bathing.


Hexachlorophene toxicity. Human experience at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.


Staphylococcal disease outbreaks in hospital nurseries in the United States--December 1971 through March 1972.


Hexachlorophene decisions at the FDA.

Hexachlorophene decisions at the FDA.


Staphylococcal disease related to hospital nursery bathing practices. A nationwide epidemiologic investigation.


The real and present danger of antibiotics.


The preparation and colorimetric analysis of L-canaline.


Apparatus for discontinuous electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel slabs.


Interference by azide in the estimation of carbohydrates with anthrone.


A new method for pH determination in isoelectric focusing experiments.


A rapid and sensitive lipase assay using triethylaminoethyl cellulose columns.


Anaerobic spectrophotometry: an improved cuvette.


Subcellular particles separated through a histochemical reaction.


Fluorometric assays for succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA in mitochondrial extracts.


An automated fluorometric method for the estimation of dopamine in brain tissue extracts.


Fluorometric detection of tyrosine residues in peptides after reaction with nitroso--naphthol.


Qualitative and quantitative analysis of reducing carbohydrates by radiochromatography on ion-exchange papers.


Modification of an Isco drum fraction collector to permit use of stoppered test tubes.


Sequence analysis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by mass spectrometry.


Scanning isoelectric focusing in small density-gradient columns. I. Use of a standard spectrophotometer cuvette for focusing. Chemical modification of proteins by migrating reactive ions.


Constant (optimum) power electrophoresis.


Investigations into the methods of Anton and Sayre for the separation and determination of histamine.


Design and application of a special feeder for studying enzymes of the late suckling period.


An apparatus for longitudinal and transverse gel slicing.


Isoelectric focusing of proteins at the 10 to 10 -g level.


A method for the biological preparation and thin-layer chromatographic purification of  14 C-protochlorophyllide a.


Differential diagnosis of fibro-osseous jaw lesions (fibrous dysplasia vs. ossifying fibroma).


Bilateral multicystic dysplasia of the kidneys.


Hemophilia B+ or Bm. First case reported in Italy.


Hereditary sacral agenesis associated with presacral tumours.


Intrapelvic dermoid cysts in adolescent girls presenting with urinary retention. A report of 2 cases.


Ruptured spleen: a radiological pitfall and a suggested modification.


Gastroduodenoscopy using an irrigating cystoscope.


Maximal gastric secretion in patients with chronic airway obstruction.


The association of peptic ulcer and abdominal aortic aneurysm and its significance.


Aberrant positions of central venous catheters.


Regeneration of parietal and visceral peritoneum. A light microscopical study.


'Early' breast cancer, bone scanning, and the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline.


The relationship between leg-vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli at autopsy.


The action of gastro-intestinal polypeptide hormones on the isolated perfused gastro-oesophageal sphincter.


The bacterial flora of the upper gastro-intestinal tract in relation to gastric secretion and to bowel habit following vagotomy and pyloroplasty.


An assessment of clinical tests of gastric emptying before and after operation.


Effects of varying the extent of vagotomy on the myoelectrical and motor activity of the stomach in man.


Gastric emptying of a solid meal after long and short pyloroplasties.


A study of the relationship between the rate of gastric emptying and the dumping syndrome in patients after vagotomy and drainage.


A circulating myocardial depressant factor after shock.


Plasma enteroglucagon and plasma-volume changes after oral hypertonic glucose--their relationship to the dumping syndrome.


Coronary vein perfusion as an alternative method for ameliorating ischaemic changes in experimental animals.


Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance during and after surgical operation.


The effect of thyroid status on nitrogen balance and the rate of wound healing after injury in rats.


Abnormal detrusor function in asymptomatic diabetes.


Neural elements in the medulla activated via C-fibres in abdominothoracic vagal trunks.


Further studies on the response to insulin after three types of vagotomy in man.


An assessment of the insulin test by graded vagotomy in the dog.


Gastric secretory response to continuous insulin infusion in the dog.


Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy on plasma-gastrin response to meat extract in duodenal ulcer subjects.


Gastric secretion and serum gastrin after intravenous infusions of insulin in man.


Turbulence in the classification of varicose veins.


The risk of deep-vein thrombosis in surgical patients.


The use of venous pressure measurements and directional doppler recordings in distinguishing between superficial and deep valvular incompetence in patients with deep venous insufficiency.


The effect of dextran 40 on venous flow changes in the leg induced by abdominal operations.


An improved electrical impedance technique for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis.


Transplantation of interstitial cells of the testis.


Ventilatory and intracranial pressure responses to CO 2 .


Properties of somatosensory cells in the human thalamus.


The immunosuppressive effect of surgery--a possible mechanism.


Measurements of breathing in brain-damaged patients.


A clinical study of intracranial volume pressure relationships.


A new approach to the treatment of brain oedema: mineralocorticoids.


The effect of ovariectomy on experimental mammary carcinoma in the rat with portacaval shunt.


In vivo bindings of tritiated oestradiol in benign and malignant lesions of the human breast.


Macrophage activity and hormonal responsiveness in mammary cancer.


A new method of determining the hormone dependence of human breast cancer.


The effect of vagotomy on the exocrine pancreatic secretory response to pentagastrin and to a 400-g. meat meal in dogs.


Does the vagal nerve-supply to the pancreas matter in man?


Human duodenal electrical activity.

Human duodenal electrical activity.


Disapperance of acid from the duodenum.

Disapperance of acid from the duodenum.


Ex vivo perfusion of canine jejunal loop: electrical and mechanical activities.


Is there impaired immunity in patients with Crohn's disease?


A study of lymphocyte function in Crohn's disease using the mitotic index.


Objective measurements in anal control after surgery for imperforate anus.


Inactivation and degradation of synthetic human gastrin I by homogenates of intestinal mucosa.


An important duodenal role in gastrin release.


Gastrin and recurrent ulcer after vagotomy.


The effect of locally administered 15(R) 15 methyl-E 2  methyl prostaglandin on basal and pentagastrin-induced acid secretion in man.


Pyloric reflux in duodenal ulceration and its relationship to smoking.


Isolation of a gastric secretory hormone from pig intestinal mucosa.


Pyloric reflux and gastritis in man.

Pyloric reflux and gastritis in man.


The effect of o-( -hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR) on cutaneous digital xenon clearance in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis.


The relationship between ultrasound assessment and angiography in occlusive arterial disease of the lower limb.


The prediction of organ viability.

The prediction of organ viability.


The influence of serum and cellular factors in the depression of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced transformation of lymphocytes in gastro-intestinal carcinoma.


Phytohaemagglutinin transformation of peripheral and lymph-node lymphocytes in patients with gastro-intestinal cancer.


The measurement of growth rate in rectal carcinoma.


Skin disinfection--a cause of coliform wound infection?


Intraperitoneal noxytiollin as an experimental chemotherapeutic agents.


Pneumomediastinum in a case of perforated retroperitoneal hernia.


An unusual metastasis of carcinoma of rectum.


Torsion of a gastric leiomyoma.

Torsion of a gastric leiomyoma.


Tetraplegia in rheumatoid arthritis with complete recovery after surgery.


Internal pudendal arteriography after priapism.


An unusual case of spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus.


Psychological stress in wives of patients with myocardial infarction. In a study of the psychological consequences of myocardial infarction on 65 wives of husbands admitted to a coronary care unit feelings of loss, depression, and guilt were common at the time of infarction. Many wives (38%) found the period of convalescence after discharge very stressful, attributing this to fears of a recurrent infarct and marital tension owing to their husbands' increased irritability and dependency. These anxieties and tensions gradually diminished and at one year after the initial illness only eight wives whose husbands had made a good physical recovery still showed considerable psychological disturbance. It is suggested that unnecessary emotional distress, particularly in the initial period after discharge from hospital, can be alleviated by increased help and support from the hospital and family doctor.


New method for oxygen therapy in the home using an oxygen concentrator. Patients with pulmonary hypertension due to chronic bronchitis may improve during long-term treatment with oxygen. The methods of administration which are currently available are expensive and present practical difficulties. The Rimer-Birlec domiciliary oxygen concentrator produces an oxygen concentration of 92% at a flow of 21./min. It has been used successfully in a patient's home but further use will require an increase in mechanical reliability and a decrease in noise. In view of its convenience and the economic advantages the oxygen concentrator is an important advance in treatment with oxygen and could prove to be the method of choice in the home.


Ch.M. Glasgow.

Ch.M. Glasgow.


Anaesthetic contamination.

Anaesthetic contamination.


Serum alkaline phosphatase and rickets.

Serum alkaline phosphatase and rickets.


Hyperactive children.

Hyperactive children.


Calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta.


Contact sensitivity to toothpaste.

Contact sensitivity to toothpaste.


Advertising of antibiotics.

Advertising of antibiotics.


Anticoagulants after mitral valvotomy.

Anticoagulants after mitral valvotomy.


Contraceptives on the NHS.

Contraceptives on the NHS.


Compulsory powers to see case-notes.

Compulsory powers to see case-notes.


Outpatient appointments system.

Outpatient appointments system.


School eye clinics.

School eye clinics.


Toxicity of benorylate.

Toxicity of benorylate.


Hammer and eye.

Hammer and eye.


Longevity of women G.P.s.

Longevity of women G.P.s.


Radiography of potentially pregnant females.


Transient paraplegia due to dissecting aortic aneurysm.


Coxsackie B virus and diabetes.

Coxsackie B virus and diabetes.


Future of the B.M.A.

Future of the B.M.A.


Bacteriology of impetigo.

Bacteriology of impetigo.


Prevention of hyaline membrane disease.

Prevention of hyaline membrane disease.


Mental symptoms and Parkinsonism.

Mental symptoms and Parkinsonism.


Smallpox unawares.

Smallpox unawares.


Truncal vagotomy and drainage for chronic duodenal ulcer disease: a controlled trial. The results of elective truncal vagotomy and drainage in 547 duodenal ulcer patients are reported. Altogether, 204 patients were randomly allocated to pyloroplasty and 200 to gastrojejunostomy. In 101 patients gastrojejunostomy was electively chosen and in 42 patients the duodenum was opened to confirm the diagnosis. Operative mortality was 0.5%, the incidence of proved recurrent ulceration 3.3%, severe dumping 2%, and severe diarrhoea 1.1%. There were no significant differences between the groups, with the exception of bilious vomiting which occurred more often in patients with gastrojejunostomy.


Radioactivity and lymphocytic chromosomes.


Enuresis again.

Enuresis again.


Psychiatric impatients from an urban community, 1968-72. The psychiatric inpatient population from Salford was analysed in five successive annual censuses, from 1 January 1968 to 1 January 1972. Short-stay and medium-stay patients (under one year) remained constant. Long-stay patients reduced only slowly, and the length of stay increased. Over 200 patients (60%) had been in for 20 years or more at 1 January 1972. Analysis showed that the 1968 long-stay cohort diminished by 122 patients (29%) in four years, while 54 new long-stay patients accumulated. There seems little prospect of emptying large psychiatric hospitals of their long-stay population.


Clostridium welchii infection: an unusual case.


Syndrome resembling kwashiorkor after partial gastrectomy.


Placental lactogen levels in diabetic pregnancy. A prospective study has been carried out of placental lactogen levels in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. The levels were higher than those in normal pregnant subjects; the higher levels were related to increased placental and fetal weight but more closely to the former; and lower levels were found when there was clinical evidence of placental dysfunction. Those patients requiring the largest insulin increment for the control of their diabetes in the pregnancy have placental lactogen levels in the higher range.


Addiction to prednisone.

Addiction to prednisone.


Effect of chlorocide on synthesis of 19S (IgM) antibodies in mice.


Onset, early stages, and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical study of 100 patients with 11-year follow-up. One hundred patients with "definite" or "classical" rheumatoid arthritis were followed in a hospital clinic from within one year of the onset of the arthritis. The average interval between onset and first attendance was 3.7 months. Onset was commoner in the winter, transient prodromal symptoms being noted in 23, with possible precipitating factors in 14. The serum rheumatoid factor test was positive at some time in 88.The patients were reassessed between eight and 14 years later. Seventeen died during this period, five possibly as a result of the disease or its treatment.The remaining patients had improved as a whole in terms of the blood sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, titre of the rheumatoid factor test, and status of the disease, but there was an overall deterioration in functional capacity. Both the rheumatoid factor titre and the functional capacity at an earlier review could be directly correlated with the outcome, but other factors were not found to influence the ultimate prognosis.


The influence of blood oxygenation during in vitro irradiation upon the yield of dicentric chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes.


Effect of moderate effort on levels of lactic and pyruvic acids, of glucose and on alkaline reserve in thoroughbred horse blood in winter.


Histone F1 phosphorus content and DNA synthesis in slowly-growing sublines of L5178Y-S cells.


Calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus levels in the serum of the common vole in relation to habitat, sex and physiological condition.


Plasma ADH level and body water balance in dogs after a moderate haemorrhage.


Group psychotherapy with young delinquents. Report from a residential treatment center.


Structural analysis of an acidic polysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6158.


The half-molecule of haptoglobin: studies on the product obtained by the selective cleavage of a haptoglobin disulfide.


Phenazine methosulfate uptake by rat liver mitochondria.


Biochemistry of polyglycerophosphatides. The mechanism of cardiolipin biosynthesis in isolated mitochondria.


Biochemistry of polyglycerophosphatides. Effect of divalent cations on the biosynthesis and composition of polyglycerophosphatides in isolated mitochondria.


Correction to the amino acid sequence of the   chain of human haptoglobin.


Thin-layer chromatography of organic acids.


Derepression of a proline transport system in Staphylococcus aureus.


Classification of some dermatophytes by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography.


Column variation affecting a pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatographic study of strain variation in two species of Nannizzia.


Glucose flux at the sediment-water interface of Toronto Harbour, Lake Ontario, with reference to pollution stress.


Ultrastructure and lipid changes in Pyrenochaeta terrestris during aging.


Modification of the sporulation cycle in Penicillium digitatum (Sacc.).


Glucose utilization dependence on preferred carbon-source growth in an Arthrobacter sp.


(1 leads to 4)- -D-glucan phosphorylase ((1 leads to 4)- -D-glucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase) isoenzymes from sweet corn seed embryo.


The synthesis of oligosaccharide-asparagine compounds. V. O- -D-mannopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-2-acetamido-N-(L-aspart-4-oyl)-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosylamine.


Cell-free preprations of Marek's disease virus from poultry dust.


Tissue lipids in lethally X-irradiated rats. I. Changes in serum, liver, white and brown adipose tissue.


Tissue lipids in lethally X-irradiated rats. II. Changes in bone marrow, thymus, spleen and testes.


Corticoid-induced cleft palate as a model system for the distinction of maternal and foetal genomes interacting with exogenous teratogen.


Tissue lipids in lethally X-irradiated rats. 3. Changes in adrenals, kidneys, heart and skeletal muscle and lungs.


Effect of liver regeneration on the number of haematopoietic stem cells.


Relationship between locus R (Ea-2) and other loci of the ninth linkage group of the house mouse.


Inhibition of bile salt-independent bile formation by indocyanine green.


Asymptomatic bilious ascites after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. A case report.


Chronic active hepatitis associated with eosinophilia and Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia.


Perforated nongranulomatous appendicitis in the course of regional ileitis.


The remarkable selectivity of hepatocytes in the uptake of glycoproteins.


A histological and kinetic study of an ileal conduit.


Small intestinal absorptive function in regional enteritis.


Comparative electron microscopic features of normal, hyperplastic, and adenomatous human colonic epithelium. Variations in cellular structure relative to the process of epithelial differentiation.


Effect of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in man.


Renal extraction and excretion of endogenous gastrin in the dog.


Differing sensitivities of gallbladder and pancreas to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) in man.


Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in fed and fasted rats.


Brain weight, as a function of age, in miniature swine.


Glycogen and phosphorylase in developing red and white muscle.


Effects of selected drugs on pancreatic macromolecular transport.


Effect of experimental hepatic injury on the clearance of phenobarbital and paraldehyde.


Fluctuating dental asymmetry and audiogenic stress.


The influence of temperature on lens regeneration in the adult newt, Triturus Viridescens.


Postnatal growth in prenatally irradiated rats. I. Exposure rate effect on the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus.


Action of spermine on early chick development. II. Promotion of amino acid incorporation.


Free perforation in Crohn's disease.

Free perforation in Crohn's disease. Free perforation is a rare complication of Crohn's disease. Seven cases were found in a total series of 360 in Birmingham. It occurs during an acute exacerbation of chronic disease, particularly in the presence of distal obstruction. The incidence of this complication may becoming less common and steroid therapy was not a precipitating factor. Primary resection of the perforated and distal obstructed bowel is likely to give the best results.


Primary biliary cirrhosis in twin sisters. Primary biliary cirrhosis in twin sisters is described. The incidence of this rare disease in young women is high but whether there is any genetic or familial association in twin sisters is not known.


Histopathological and electron microscopic studies of lymphangiectasia of the small intestine in Behçet's disease. The gastrointestinal involvement and immunological findings in 16 patients with Behçet's disease are described. Four of 15 biopsy specimens of jejunal mucosa showed marked lymphangiectasia in the lamina propria similar to the appearance which was thought to be a characteristic finding in protein-losing enteropathy. None of the patients had hypoproteinaemia. Increases in serum immunoglobulin IgA were proved in six of 15 cases; in IgM, five of 15; and in IgG, one of 15. Electron microscopic studies showed that there were thousands of precipitated lymph protein bodies in the extracellular spaces of the lamina propria. Ulcers and healed ulcers of the large intestine were studied by light microscopy.


The effect of coeliac disease upon bile salts. The size and composition of the bile salt pool has been measured in patients with untreated coeliac disease and in control subjects. The total bile salt pool was markedly increased in coeliac patients, the average being 9.2 grams compared with 3.1 grams in controls. Taurocholate synthesis was normal, consistent with its enlarged pool and prolonged half-life. Half-life and pool size were significantly correlated. The composition of the bile salt pool was virtually identical in the two groups. Our findings suggest that as the enterohepatic circulation is slowed by gallbladder inertia, so hepatic surveillance of pool size is diminished.


The nature and incidence of gallstones containing calcium. The crystalline constituents of gallstones determined by x-ray powder diffraction can be broadly classified as cholesterols and calcium salts. On this basis there are three main types of stones consisting of cholesterol, calcium salts, and mixtures of these. In a study of the composition of 481 gallstones from 11 countries, the percentage incidence of each was 59.9, 13.1, and 27.0 respectively. The presence of calcium compounds in 40.1% of the calculi showed the importance of these constituents in the nucleation and/or growth of many specimens. Men are just as likely as women to form stones consisting entirely of calcium salts, but female patients outnumber males by about 3:1 for both calculi of cholesterol and those of cholesterol with calcium salts. A description is given of the appearance, texture, and structure of calcium-containing stones subdivided according to the calcium salt(s) present.


The nature of the copper complexes in bile and their relationship to the absorption and excretion of copper in normal subjects and in Wilson's disease. Copper in bile has been shown by electrophoresis to occur neither as free ions nor complexed to protein but to be associated with a component of the micellar complexes of bile. Solvent fractionation studies suggest that the bile salt components of the lecithin-bile salt complexes are the active binding agents. The effects of specific bile salts on the behaviour of copper during electrophoresis supports this possibility. The relationship of certain bile salts to the excretion of copper in man during the time that an external biliary fistula was functioning and to the intestinal absorption of copper in the rat was found to confirm this concept. The results show that copper in bile is associated with taurochenodeoxycholate and suggest an explanation for the elevated tissue copper levels found in Wilson's disease.


Symposium on gastrooesophageal reflux and its complications. 1. Definitions, the antireflux mechanism, and symptoms.


Symposium on gastrooesophageal reflux and its complications. 2. The spectrum of pathological change.


Symposium on gastrooesophageal reflux and its complications. 5. The physicians's problem.


Symposium on gastrooesophageal reflux and its complications. 3. Radiological aspects.


Lighting for difficult visual tasks.

Lighting for difficult visual tasks.


Manipulating the response criterion in visual monitoring.


Comparative studies on the 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D 3  and dihydrotachysterol 3 .


Characterization of the NH 2 -terminal glutamic acid and NH 2 -terminal lysine forms of human plasminogen isolated by affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing methods.


Purification and characterization of glutamate decarboxylase from mouse brain.


Glycolysis and pasteur effect in rat reticulocytes.


L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase from pig heart muscle. I. Purification and properties.


Studies on the binding of concanavalin A to rat liver mitochondria.


L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase from pig heart muscle. II. Subunit structure.


The electron pathway to Cu(II) in ceruloplasmin.


Relationship between molecular weight of T4 phag-induced deoxynucleotide kinase and the size of its messenger ribonucleic acid.


Leghemoglobin. I. Changes in conformation and chemical reactivity linked to reaction with acetic acid.


Translation of liver messenger ribonucleic acid in a messenger-dependent reticulocyte cell-free system. Properties of the system and identification of ferriitin in the product.


Leghemoglobin. II. Changes in conformation and chemical reactivity linked to reaction with a dissociable low molecular weight ligand, X.


Histone 3. II. Isolation and sequences of chymotryptic peptides from calf thymus histone 3.


Histone 3. IV. Amino acid sequence of histone 3 of the testes of the carp, Letiobus bubalus.


Purification and partial characterization of the protein component of squid rhodopsin.


Carp muscle calcium-binding protein. I. Characterization of the tryptic peptides and the complete amino acid sequence of component B.


Carp muscle calcium-binding protein. II. Structure determination and general description.


Modification of histones during spermatogenesis in trout. 3. Levels of phosphohistone species and kinetics of phosphorylation of histone IIB 1 .


Biosynthesis of branched chain deoxysugars. V. Biosynthesis of C-methyl branch by transmethylation from S-adenosylmethionine to cytidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose.


Gas chromatographic determination of pentazocine in human plasma by means of electron-capture detection.


The chromatography of benzimidazoles.

The chromatography of benzimidazoles.


Studies of the isopropylation of amino acids and amines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.


Determination of blood levels of pentazocine by gas chromatography with a nitrogen detector.


A standardized procedure for the preparation of polyamide for thin-layer chromatography.


Thin-layer chromatographic identification of the gentamicin complex.


Separation of  - and  -tocopherols in the presence of  - and  -tocopherols and vitamin A acetate.


Distortion of sports by mutual effect of sample constituents in paper chromatographic separations.


Effects of replacement doses of sodium L-thyroxine on the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in man. Studies of the effect of L-thyroxine administration (0.3 mg daily for 7-9 wk) on the peripheral metabolism of (131)I-labeled triiodothyronine (T(3)) and (125)I-labeled thyroxine (T(4)) and on the concentration and binding of T(4) and T(3) in serum were carried out in 11 euthyroid female subjects. Administration of L-thyroxine led to consistent increases in serum T(3) concentration (137 vs. 197 ng/100 ml), T(3) distribution space (39.3 vs. 51.7 liters), T(3) clearance rate (22.9 vs. 30.6 liters/day) and absolute T(3) disposal rate (30 vs. 58 mug/day), but no change in apparent fractional turnover rate (60.3 vs. 60.6%/day). The proportion and absolute concentration of free T(3) also increased during L-thyroxine administration. Increases in serum total T(4) concentration (7.3 vs. 12.8 mug/100 ml) and in both the proportion and absolute concentration of free thyroxine also occurred. In five of the subjects, the kinetics of peripheral T(4) turnover were simultaneously determined and a consistent increase in fractional turnover rate (9.7 vs. 14.2%/day), clearance rate (0.84 vs. 1.37 liters/day), and absolute disposal rate (64.2 vs. 185.0 mug/day) occurred during L-thyroxine administration. Despite these increases in the serum concentration and daily disposal rate of both T(4) and T(3), the patients were not clinically thyrotoxic. However, basal metabolic rate (BMR) values were marginally elevated and, as in frank thyrotoxicosis, T(4)-binding capacities of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) reduced, suggesting that subclinical thyrotoxicosis was present. Thus, the often recommended replacement dose of 0.3 mg L-thyroxine daily may be greater than that required to achieve the euthyroid state. The studies have also provided additional evidence of the peripheral conversion of T(4) to T(3) in man and have permitted the calculation that approximately one-third of exogenously administered T(4) underwent deiodination to form T(3). To the extent that a similar fractional conversion occurs in the normal state, it can be calculated that a major fraction of the T(3) in serum derives from the peripheral deiodination of T(4) and that only a lesser fraction derives from direct secretion by the thyroid gland.


Inhibition of bone matrix formation, mineralization, and resorption in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. In previous work we found that vitamin D-deficient and also calcium-deficient rats developed hypocalcemia and an impairment of bone formation and mineralization. The present study of thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats was undertaken to determine the effect of hypocalcemia without secondary hyperparathyroidism. TPTX rats fed a normal diet developed hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in association with impairment of osteoblastic bone matrix formation and of mineralization of newly formed matrix. The serum calcium x phosphorus product was not decreased. The decreased formation was largely due to a reduction in matrix apposition indicating decreased synthetic activity of individual ostcoblasts. In contrast to the above results, when TPTX rats were fed a high-calcium diet to prevent hypocalcemia, no impairment of either formation or mineralization was found. From the results of these two experiments, it is reasonably certain that hypocalcemia was responsible for the inhibition of formation and mineralization. Moreover, based on the magnitude of the changes in serum calcium and bone parameters in TPTX rats, hypocalcemia could have accounted for the inhibition of formation and mineralization in calcium-deficient as well as vitamin D-deficient rats. In TPTX rats the mineralization defect was manifested by decreases in both the rate of osteoid maturation (indicating a delayed onset of mineralization) and the rate of mineralization. A strong correlation (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) was observed between these two rates suggesting a tight coupling of these two aspects of mineralization.TPTX rats also had lower bone resorption rates and higher serum phosphorus levels than sham-operated animals when the normal calcium diet was fed but not when the high-calcium diet was fed. Thus the inhibition of bone resorption in TPTX rats was at least partially prevented by correction of hyperphosphatemia. This is consistent with previous work showing an inverse relationship between serum phosphorus and bone resorption. Accordingly, the depression of bone resorption in TPTX rats was probably due to hyperphosphatemia as well as to hypoparathyroidism.


Antibody-associated lymphotoxin in acute infection. Five pediatric patients who were known to be previously healthy acutely developed lymphopenia during various viral or mycoplasma infections. In one case, fatal generalized varicella occurred and in another, severe toxic epidermal necrolysis ensued. To further investigate this phenomenon, a study was done to determine the incidence of and elucidate the pathogenesis of lymphopenia occurring during the acute phase of viral or mycoplasma infections. Acute and convalescent sera from patients with viral or mycoplasma infection and children immunized with live measles virus were screened for lymphocytotoxic activity against normal lymphocytes by the microcytotoxicity method of Terasaki and McClelland (1). Sera with lymphocytotoxic activity were found in 15 of 48 cases of viral infections, 4 of 22 mycoplasma infections, and 1 of 11 measles virus immunized persons. All those who had sera which were cytotoxic to lymphocytes in vitro had lymphopenia. The lymphocytotoxic activity resided in 19S fractions in 8 of 11 positive sera while the remaining 3 had activity both in 19S and 7S fractions and could be completely removed by absorption with antilight chain antiserum. The cytotoxic activities were all complement-dependent and were greater at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. The significance of acute acquired immunologic deficiency due to the development of antibody-associated lymphotoxin (AbAL) during acute infections is discussed and five cases having more severe clinical manifestations are presented (Appendix).


The effect of chronic sodium loading and sodium restriction on plasma prostaglandin A, E, and F concentrations in normal humans. It has been suggested that prostaglandins may be involved in the control of sodium homeostasis. Prostaglandin A and prostaglandin E have been shown to increase renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion and prostaglandin A has been shown to stimulate aldosterone release. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic sodium loading and sodium restriction on plasma prostaglandin A, E, and F concentrations. SEVEN NORMAL HUMAN VOLUNTEERS WERE PLACED ON THREE SODIUM INTAKE DIETS: (a) ad lib. sodium intake, (b) high sodium intake, and (c) low sodium intake. Plasma prostaglandin A, E, and F concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean prostaglandin A levels on the ad lib. diet were 1.60 ng/ml. Prostaglandin A levels decreased 49% to 0.82 ng/ml on the high sodium intake and increased 34% to 2.14 ng/ml on the low sodium intake. Prostaglandin A levels increased 161% on the low sodium diet in comparison with levels on the high sodium diet. Plasma prostaglandin E and F concentrations did not change significantly during variation in sodium intake. These results show that dietary sodium content markedly effects plasma prostaglandin A levels and that prostaglandins may play a role in the physiologic mechanism of sodium homeostasis.


Responsiveness of growth hormone-deficient children to human growth hormone. Effect of replacement therapy for one year. Previous studies have shown that growth hormone (GH)-deficient children are more responsive to exogenous human growth hormone (HGH) than non-GH-deficient children. In six GH-deficient children, velocity of linear growth was less than 2.5 cm/yr. By the metabolic balance study technique, anabolic responses (increments in elemental balances) were measured to a 7 day course of 0.0532 U HGH/kg body weight (BW)(3/4) per day (dose B) and to 0.168 U/kg BW(3/4) per day (dose C). They were then treated for 1 yr with HGH at a dose intermediate between B and C. Velocity of linear growth accelerated to 15-25 cm/yr for the first 4-7 mo, then declined to 0-8 cm/yr. At 12 mo, responsiveness to doses B and C was measured again; the responses were only 20-60% as great as before treatment. After 3 mo without HGH treatment, responsiveness to the anabolic effects of doses B and C returned to the magnitudes observed before treatment. A low titer of plasma antibodies to HGH was detected in two of the six children at the end of the year's treatment; these titers showed little change after 3 mo without HGH. Thus the hyperresponsiveness of GH-deficient subjects to exogenous HGH, compared to non-GH-deficient individuals, declines during long-term HGH treatment and is restored by 3 mo interruption of treatment. These changes in peripheral responsiveness may be related to the decline in velocity of linear growth which occurs after 4-7 mo of continuous treatment. When HGH was withdrawn after 12 mo, all six patients exhibited negative balances of N, P, Na, and K and loss of BW. Ratios of elemental balances showed about half the weight loss to represent protoplasm, and about half extracellular fluid. These observations indicate a role of GH in the continuing regulation of nitrogen and mineral metabolism in addition to its function as a growth-promoting hormone.


Metabolism of proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide in the rat. The renal extraction and excretion of bovine proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide and the contribution of the kidney to their total metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were studied in the rat. Metabolic clearance rates were measured by the constant infusion technique and plasma and urine concentrations of each polypeptide were determined by radioimmunoassay. The MCR of insulin (16.4+/-0.4 ml/min) was significantly greater than that of either proinsulin (6.7+/-0.3 ml/min) or C-peptide (4.6+/-0.2 ml/min). Metabolic clearance rates were independent of plasma levels over a range of steady-state plasma concentrations varying from 1 to 15 ng/ml.In contrast to the differences in their metabolic clearance rates, the renal disposition of the three polypeptides was similar, being characterized by high extraction and very low urinary clearance. The renal arteriovenous difference of proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide averaged 36, 40, and 44%, respectively, and was linearly related to their arterial concentration between 2 and 25 ng/ml. When glomerular filtration was markedly reduced or stopped by ureteral obstruction, the renal extraction of proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide was invariably greater than the simultaneously measured extraction of inulin, indicating that these polypeptides are removed from the renal circulation by both glomerular filtration and direct uptake from peritubular capillary blood. The fractional urinary clearance of each polypeptide never exceeded 0.6%, indicating that more than 99% of the amount filtered was sequestered in the kidney. The renal removal of proinsulin and C-peptide from the circulation accounts for 55 and 69% of their metabolic clerance rates, while the renal contribution to the peripheral metabolism of insulin was smaller, averaging 33%. This difference is due to the fact that insulin, but not the other two polypeptides, is metabolized to a significant extent by the liver. These results define the renal handling of proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide in the rat and indicate that in this species the kidney represents a major site for insulin metabolism and is the main organ responsible for the degradation of proinsulin and C-peptide.


Suppression of urinary and plasma follicle-stimulating hormone by exogenous estrogens in prepubertal and pubertal children. Clomiphene citrate, an "anti-estrogen" with mild estrogenic properties, inhibits rather than stimulates gonadotropin excretion in prepubertal and early pubertal children. These and other data suggest that the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary "gonadostat" decreases at the onset of puberty. To test this hypothesis further, the daily excretion of urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined in 19 children (5 "short normals" and 14 with isolated human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency) who were given ethinyl estradiol (EE) 1.4-14.7 mug/m(2) per day (2-10 mug/day) for 4 to 7 days. In addition, plasma and urinary gonadotropins and plasma estrogens were serially determined in two prepubertal females(with isolated HGH deficiency) given two injections (24 h apart) of estradiol benzoate, 10 mug/kg. FSH and LH concentrations in plasma and kaolin-acetone urinary concentrates and plasma 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and estrone (E(1)) were measured by radioimmunoassays. 2-3 mug/m(2) per day of EE significantly suppressed urinary FSH (and LH when detected in the control period) in two out of six prepubertal children, while all doses >5 mug/m(2) per day suppressed urinary gonadotropins to undetectable levels in eight prepubertal subjects. In early to midpubertal subjects. 2-10 mug/m(2) per day of EE produced a slight suppression of urinary FSH, but failed to suppress to undetectable levels. Two subjects in late puberty (stage 4) did not suppress their urinary FSH while on 7 and 8.3 mug/m(2) per day. In both subjects treated with estradiol benzoate, plasma FSH promptly decreased after the first injection. Urinary FSH was suppressed to <0.1 IU/day on day 2 and urinary and plasma gonadotropins remained suppressed for the duration of the study (3 days). Plasma E(2) and E(1) rose from prepubertal values to peak concentrations of 150 to 250 pg/ml (E(2)), and 50 and 100 pg/ml (E(1)) at approximately 36 h. We conclude that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is operative in the prepubertal child and that the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary center(s) which control the secretion of FSH and LH decreases at the onset of puberty in man.


Abnormal vascular responses to exercise in patients with aortic stenosis. We tested the hypothesis that the normal forearm vasoconstrictor response to leg exercise is inhibited or reversed in patients with aortic stenosis, possibly because of activation of left ventricular baroreceptors. Forearm vascular responses to supine leg exercise were measured in 10 patients with aortic stenosis and in 2 control groups of 6 patients with mitral stenosis and 5 patients without valvular heart disease.Forearm vasoconstriction occurred during exercise in the control groups. In contrast, forearm blood flow increased and forearm vascular resistance did not change in patients with aortic stenosis. In six patients with aortic stenosis and a history of exertional syncope, forearm vasodilatation occurred during the second minute of leg exercise. Inhibition or reversal of forearm vasoconstrictor responses in aortic stenosis was asscociated with significant increases in left ventricular pressure. In three patients with aortic stenosis and exertional syncope, forearm vasodilator responses to exercise changed to vasoconstrictor responses after aortic valve replacement. The results indicate that forearm vasoconstrictor responses to leg exercise are inhibited or reversed in patients with aortic stenosis, possibly because of activation of left ventricular baroreceptors. The observations suggest that reflex vasodilatation resulting from activation of left ventricular baroreceptors may contribute to exertional syncope in patients with aortic stenosis.


Reflex vascular responses to left ventricular outflow obstruction and activation of ventricular baroreceptors in dogs. Reflex vascular responses to acute left ventricular outflow obstruction were studied in anesthetized dogs. The studies were done to compare the effects of activation of ventricular baroreceptors on vascular resistance in skeletal muscle (gracilis muscle) and skin (hindpaw); to identify afferent and efferent pathways which mediate the reflex vasodilatation; and to assess the relative contribution of ventricular baroreceptors and baroreceptors in left atrium and pulmonary vessels in responses to left ventricular outflow obstruction. The gracilis artery and the cranial tibial artery to the paw were perfused separately at constant flow. Changes in perfusion pressure to each bed reflected changes in vascular resistance. Outflow obstruction was produced by inflating a balloon in the left ventricular outflow tract for 15 s while pressures in the left ventricle and aortic arch were measured. Inflation of the balloon increased left ventricular pressure and decreased pressure in the aortic arch. Low and high levels of obstruction produced dilator responses averaging -5+/-3 (SE) and -42+/-11 mm Hg in muscle and -1+/-1 and -3+/-2 mm Hg in paw. Denervation, phentolamine, and glyceryltrinitrate caused greater dilatation in paw than did left ventricular outflow obstruction. This indicates that dilator responses in the paw were not limited by a low level of resting neurogenic constrictor tone or by a negligible dilator capacity of these vessels. Obstruction to left ventricular inflow increased left atrial pressure, but did not cause reflex vasodilatation. This suggests that low pressure baroreceptors in atria or pulmonary vessels did not contribute to vasodilator responses to left ventricular outflow obstruction. Vasodilator responses to outflow obstruction were blocked by bilateral vagotomy, sectioning the sciatic and obturator nerves, and administration of phentolamine, but were not decreased by atropine or tripelennamine. The results indicate that activation of left ventricular baroreceptors produces striking vasodilatation in skeletal muscle, but only slight vasodilatation in skin. The data suggest that the difference in dilator responses in the two beds results from greater withdrawal of adrenergic constrictor tone to skeletal muscle than to skin. Activation of sympathetic cholinergic or histaminergic dilator pathways does not contribute to the dilatation.


Mechanisms of immune lysis of red blood cells in vitro. I. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells. The effect of five different reactions which activate complement (antibody activation, reduction in ionic strength, acidification, cobra venom factor (CoF) activation, and inulin activation) upon normal and PNH cells was investigated, using normal serum and serum devoid of the fourth component of complement (C4) activity from patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) as a source of complement. Both normal and HANE serum lysed paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells when complement was activated by acidification, CoF and inulin, indicating that the terminal steps of complement were activated in the absence of C4, presumably by the alternate or properdin pathway. Normal but not HANE serum lysed cells coated with anti-I, indicating that complement was activated by the C1-dependent classic pathway. HANE serum partially supported lysis by serum at reduced ionic strength, indicating that the activation of terminal complement components had occurred through both of the pathways of activation. The amount of the third component of human complement (C3) which was bound to the membrane of lysed and unlysed cells by these procedures was determined by anti-C3 absorption and was found to differ for each method of complement activation. In general, more C3 was bound to lysed cells than to unlysed cells. For given conditions, more was bound to PNH cells than to normal cells. However, very much less bound C3 was required for lysis of the PNH cells than for lysis of normal cells. These two phenomena, especially the latter, account for the marked lysis of PNH cells when complement is activated. Normal cells treated with AET (aminoethylisothiouronium bromide) did not bind more C3 than untreated cells and the lysed cells had less bound C3 than lysed PNH cells.


Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the neonate and the acute increases in these hormones following delivery. Low triiodothyronine (T(3)) and high normal thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations are present in cord sera from full term infants. To examine this phenomenon further, radioimmunoassay of T(3) and T(4) was carried out in paired maternal and cord sera as well as capillary sera from neonates at different intervals after delivery. Free T(3) and free T(4) concentrations were also estiamted in cord and maternal sera by equilibrium dialysis. In 12 paired specimens, the T(3) concentration in cord sera was significantly lower than the maternal level (51+/-4 vs. 161+/-11 ng/100 ml, mean +/-SE). Mean free T(3) concentration was also lower in the cord samples (0.15+/-0.02 vs. 0.31+/-0.04 ng/100 ml). whereas total and free T(4) concentrations were not significantly different. Umbilical vein and artery samples from 11 neonates did not differ significantly in their T(3) and T(4) concentrations. In seven infants the mean T(3) concentration increased from 51+/-3 ng/100 ml at delivery to 79+/-13 at 15 min and 191+/-16 at 90 min. In four other infants the mean T(3) concentration at 24 and 48 h was not significantly different from the 90 min value of the previous group. Less pronounced changes were observed for T(4) which increased from 12.3+/-2.0 mug/100 ml (mean +/-SE) at delivery to 14.1+/-1.9 at 90 min and appeared to have reached a plateau at approximately twice the cord value by 24-48 h after delivery.The maternal-fetal gradient observed for free T(3) is further evidence of the autonomy of the fetal thyroidpituitary axis. The time course of the abrupt increase in serum T(3) in the neonate suggests that it results from the earlier acute increase in serum TSH which occurs shortly after birth. This suggests that the neonatal thyroid contains significant quantities of T(3). Therefore, unavailability of thyroidal T(3) does not appear to explain the low total and free T(3) concentrations present in the sera of newborns.


Extent of regulation of the heart's contractile state in the conscious dog by alteration in the frequency of contraction. The effects of alterations in the frequency of contraction over the range from 94 to 220/min on left ventricular pressure, diameter, and dP/dt were studied in 10 dogs instrumented with ultrasonic diameter ganges and miniature pressure gauges. The same dogs were studied on separate days in the conscious state, after general anesthesia with pentobarbital Na, 30 mg/kg, and in the conscious state after pretreatment with propranolol, 3 mg/kg. End diastolic diameter was maintained constant during alterations in frequency by infusing saline intravenously. The maximum increases in peak dP/dt and dP/dt/P in the conscious state were 14 and 10%, respectively. After anesthesia, raising the frequency of contraction from 122 to 220/min caused maximum increases in peak dP/dt and dP/dt/P of 36 and 30%, respectively. In the conscious state after cardiac depression by propranolol, the maximum increases in peak dP/dt and dP/dt/P were 23 and 23%, respectively. Thus, increasing the frequency of contraction of the normal heart of the conscious dog causes only a slight inotropic effect, but this effect is significantly greater in the presence of myocardial depression produced by anesthesia with pentobarbital Na or in the conscious animal after a myocardial-depressing dose of propranolol.


Abnormal fatty acid metabolism in peripheral nerves of patients with pernicious anemia. Fatty acid synthesis from radiopropionate was evaluated in sural nerve biopsy slices from five normal controls and nine patients with pernicious anemia. The nerves were incubated in [(14)C]propionate, the lipids were extracted, and the fatty acid methyl esters were chromatographed by gas-liquid chromatography. In the normal nerves the radiolabel was found primarily in short chain (C12 and C14) fatty acids. The nerves from pernicious anemia patients showed two fatty acids peaks that were not discernible in the normal nerves, and these fatty acids had retention times intermediate to those of myristic (C14.0) and palmitic (C16.0) acids and palmitoleic (C16.1) and stearic (C18.0) acids, respectively. These two peaks (a C15 and C17 fatty acid) contained the bulk of the radioactivity recovered in the fatty acid fraction after incubation with [(14)C]propionate. Catalytic reduction and rechromatography failed to alter the retention time of these compounds suggesting that they are not unsaturated fatty acids. The nerves from the pernicious anemia patients had a decrease in the mean content of normal fatty acids when compared with the nerves from control patients as well as a decrease in the mean synthesis of normal fatty acids as estimated by isotope incorporation after incubation with [(14)C]propionate or (3)H(2)O. Analysis of myelin isolated from the nerves indicated that the changes at least in part were in that fraction.


Structural identity of Bence Jones and amyloid fibril proteins in a patient with plasma cell dyscrasia and amyloidosis. The partial amino acid sequence of the amyloid fibril protein isolated from the small intestine of a patient with plasma cell dyscrasia and associated amyloidosis has been determined and compared with the sequence of the kappa-type Bence Jones protein isolated from the urine of the same patient. Identical sequences were observed for the 27 amino-terminal residues that could be compared. The C-terminal tryptic peptide of the amyloid protein was identical with that of the Bence Jones protein. Apparent molecular weights and amino acid compositions of the Bence Jones and amyloid proteins were similar. It appears, therefore, that the predominant protein present in the amyloid deposits in this patient was an intact kappa-type light polypeptide chain that was identical with the urinary Bence Jones protein.


Effect of glycine-conjugated bile acids with and without lecithin on water and glucose absorption in perfused human jejunum. Perfusion studies were performed in healthy volunteers to test whether the secretory effect of conjugated bile acids, previously shown for the colon, was also present in the jejunum. A perfusion system with a proximal occlusive balloon (and continuous aspiration of duodenal secretions) was used; isotonic test solutions contained glycine-conjugated bile acids with or without lecithin. Fluid movement was measured by changes in the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG, mol wt 4,000). Conjugated dihydroxy bile acids inhibited electrolyte and fluid absorption and, at higher concentrations, evoked secretion of an isotonic fluid. Glucose absorption continued, despite fluid secretion, but its rate decreased. The secretory effects of bile acids were abolished by the addition of lecithin to the bile acid solutions. A trihydroxy bile acid (cholylglycine) had no effect on jejunal absorption. Small amounts (6-9%) of conjugated bile acids were absorbed in the jejunum; lecithin was well absorbed (72-90%). The results indicate that dihydroxy bile acids influence salt and water transport in the human jejunum but that this effect may be abolished when a polar lipid such as lecithin is present. We speculate that this effect of bile acids may modify fluid movement in the small intestine postprandially after fat absorption has occurred.


Release of serotonin from human platelets induced by aggregated immunoglobulins of different classes and subclasses. The ability of human myeloma proteins of different classes and subclasses and of macroglobulins (all aggregated with bis-diazotized benzidine or heat) to aggregate washed human platelets and release [(3)H]-serotonin from the platelets was investigated and compared with the activity of normal IgG and tetanus-antitetanus IgG antigen-antibody complexes. Aggregated IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and normal IgG complexes all aggregated platelets and caused release of serotonin to similar extents. In contrast, IgA1, IgA2, IgD, and IgE myeloma proteins as well as IgM macroglobulins were completely inactive in this respect. Approximately 50% of the actvity remained in aggregated, mildly reduced and alkylated IgG myeloma proteins and their Fc fragments, whereas aggregated F(ab')(2) fragments were completely inactive. Addition of fresh serum inhibited the release of serotonin caused by aggregated IgG1 and IgG3 proteins and normal IgG antigen-antibody complexes by about 50% but had no effect upon the release of serotonin obtained with IgG2 and IgG4 proteins. This inhibition appeared to be mediated by complement. The release of serotonin was not accompanied by liberation of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase, indicating that no significant lysis of the platelets occurred. Addition of neutrophils did not enhance the serotonin release.


The hormonal regulation of pyloric sphincter function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal control of pyloric sphincter function. Studies were performed on both pyloric circular muscle, in vitro, and the human pylorus, in vivo. Full dose-response curves to gastrin I, cholecystokinin, and secretin were constructed for the pyloric muscle of the opossum studied at its length of optimal tension development, Lo. Both cholecystokinin and secretin were potent agonists on the muscle but gastrin I gave no increase in muscle tension. The combination of cholecystokinin and secretin was additive at submaximal concentrations but potentiation of the maximal responses was not observed. Gastrin I produced a surmountable, competitive-like antagonism to the effect of cholecystokinin on the pyloric muscle. The octapeptide of cholecystokinin was a more potent agonist than the whole molecule of cholecystokinin on the pyloric muscle. In man, the pyloric pressure rose significantly during intravenous infusion of either cholecystokinin or secretin. The combination of maximal doses of both hormones did not show significant potentiation. Gastrin I did not significantly increase pyloric pressure but did antagonize the pyloric response to duodenal acidification. These studies suggest that: (a) Both secretin and cholecystokinin augment pyloric sphincter pressure while gastrin I is an antagonist inhibiting their effects. (b) The hormonal responses of pyloric sphincter circular muscle, in vitro, can be correlated with human sphincter function, in vivo.


The antimycotic activity of 5-fluorocytosine. 5-Fluorocytosine (5 FC) showed marked in vitro activity against nearly all the clinical isolates of Candida and Cryptococcus examined; the required minimal inhibitory concentration was usually below 2 mug/ml and the minimal cidal concentration below 10 mug/ml. The drug had limited activity towards Aspergillus species and dermatophytes. Strains of Candida and other fungi with greatly enhanced resistance were fairly readily obtained by successive cultures on increasingly high concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine.Serum, urine, and faecal assays of 5 FC were made by a microbiological method on specimens from eight children who received between 100 and 25 mg/kg/day of the drug over several weeks for candidosis of the urinary tract usually associated with congenital anatomical abnormalities. Seven of these cases were successfully treated but in the other the Candida became highly resistant and treatment was discontinued. Serum drug levels ranged up to 30 mug/ml; urine levels were frequently between 200 and 500 mug/ml. No 5 FC was detected in faecal samples. Sensitivity tests and assays were also made on samples from subjects receiving 5 FC in other hospitals; five had systemic C. albicans infection, the sixth had cryptococcal meningitis. In the latter case levels up to 34 mug/ml were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration, and an investigation was made into the possibility of competitive antagonism by intrathecal cytosine arabinoside given for Hodgkin's disease. The emergence in two other cases of strains of Candida highly resistant to 5 FC is discussed, and it is suggested that careful laboratory monitoring of cases receiving 5 FC must continue throughout therapy and afterwards.


Heterogeneity of 5'-nucleotidase activity in lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase was determined in lymphocyte plasma membranes from 14 normal subjects and 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Whereas the enzyme was present in the preparation from normal lymphocytes, in 7 out of 10 CLL patients the membranes had markedly decreased or no detectable 5'-nucleotidase activity. The lack of this activity from the lymphocytes of most patients with CLL constitutes an alteration in a plasma membrane enzyme from the normal cell. The presence of the enzyme in the lymphocytes of some patients with CLL and its decrease in others provide further evidence for biochemical heterogeneity among patients with this disorder.


The relationship of the dilute whole blood lysis time to the fibrinolytic activity of blood: effect of change in plasma fibrinogen. The rate of digestion of fibrin was measured in vitro by an isotopic technique in 140 blood samples of differing fibrinogen concentration; the assessment of fibrinolytic activity thus obtained was compared with a standard method of measurement, the dilute whole blood lysis time. The lysis time was related exponentially to the fibrinolytic activity as measured by the isotopic technique, and further was influenced markedly by alteration in the plasma fibrinogen concentration. The relevance of these observations to the use of lysis time methods for the measurement of fibrinolytic activity is discussed.


Fine structural evidence for hormone secretion by the human thymus. The epithelial cells of the Hassall's corpuscles in 11 human thymus glands (nine cases of myasthenia gravis and two glands from patients undergoing surgical correction of congenital heart disease) have been examined by electron microscopy. In every instance the epithelial cells have the cytoplasmic organelle complex necessary for ;export'-type secretory activity and in addition contain large numbers of membrane-limited small spheroidal secretion granules.Hassall's corpuscles are avascular anatomical units and a pericorpuscular zone, at least 50 mum broad, is also without blood vessels. It is therefore suggested that the secretory product(s) of the corpuscular epithelial cells has a purely intrathymic function.


A simple lyophilizer for direct line sublimation.


Liver cell dysplasia: a premalignant condition. Liver cell dysplasia is defined as cellular enlargement, nuclear pleomorphism, and multinucleation of liver cells occurring in groups or occupying whole cirrhotic nodules. The prevalence, natural history, and relationship to the Australia or hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) have been studied in 552 Ugandan African patients with normal, cirrhotic, and cancerous livers. Liver cell dysplasia was found in only two of 200 (1%) patients with normal livers, in three of 43 (6.9%) of patients with normal livers bearing primary liver cell carcinoma, 35 of 175 (20.3%) patients with cirrhosis, and 80 of 124 (64.5%) of patients with cirrhosis and primary liver cell carcinoma. Cirrhotic patients without dysplasia were, on average, ten years younger than those with dysplasia and the latter were on average six years younger than those with cirrhosis and carcinoma. Liver cell dysplasia occurred more frequently in males than in females. It was found in all but one instance in macronodular or mixed forms of cirrhosis only. There was a strong relationship between dysplasia and the presence of HAA in 104 patients that suggests a possible carcinogenic mechanism for the longincubation (serum or B) hepatitis virus in liver cell carcinoma. It is concluded that the presence of liver cell dysplasia identifies a group of patients with a high risk of liver cell carcinoma and that they should be followed up by serial alpha-fetoprotein estimations.


Electron microscopic study of the distribution of the Australia antigen in individual sera of 50 serologically positive blood donors and two patients with serum hepatitis. The distribution of the morphological types of Australia antigen in 50 blood donors and two patients with serum hepatitis is described.The significance of the high incidence of immune complexes and Dane particles in these persistent carriers is discussed.


Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim.


Time of origin or corresponding cell classes in the cerebral cortex of normal and reeler mutant mice: an autoradiographic analysis.


Distribution of monoamine-containing nerve terminals in the brain of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta.


The distribution of rods and cones in the retina of the cat (Felis domesticus).


Proliferation and turnover of glial cells in the forebrain of young adult mice as studied by repeated injections of  3 H-thymidine over a prolonged period of time.


Growth, differentiation and ribonucleic acid content of the fetal rat spinal ganglion cells in culture.


The topographic organization of spinal afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat.


Cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the periaqueductal gray matter in the cat.


Myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. The clinical spectrum of extramedullary hematopoiesis and tumor formation.


Production of specific fragments of phi X174 replicative form DNA by a restriction enzyme from Haemophilus parainfluenzae, endonuclease HP. A restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus parainfluenzae degrades phiX174 replicative form DNA into eight specific fragments, ranging from 1,700 to 150 base pairs and terminated specifically by deoxycytidylic acid.


Restriction and modification of bacteriophage in Bacillus stearothermophilus. Host-controlled restriction and modification of TP-1C phage and infectious phage DNA occurs in Bacillus stearothermophilus and is subject to control by TP-8 or TP-12 prophage.


The electrical profile of stripped, isolated rabbit ileum.


Renal glomerular enlargement in chronic passive congestion.


Constrictive uremic pericarditis following hemodialysis for acute renal failure.


Biological properties of esteroprotease isolated from the submaxillary gland of mice.


Existence of different pools from which gluconeogenesis precursors pass out of the mitochondria in fed rats or mice.


The absence of hippuric acid synthesis in the Indian fruit bat.


Priorities in medical research.

Priorities in medical research.


Cardiac surgical emergencies.

Cardiac surgical emergencies.


Reception of road traffic casualties in a district hospital.


A simple physical sign of lateral popliteal nerve entrapment.


Reversible toxic psychosis after cephalexin.


"Glue ear"--an increasing problem.

"Glue ear"--an increasing problem.


Private patients and undergraduate teaching of obstetrics in Victoria.


Of stars and "things that go bump".

Of stars and "things that go bump".


Allergic respiratory tract disease.

Allergic respiratory tract disease.


Psychological aspects of vasectomy. 2. Anticipating the complications. Vasectomy, while a minor procedure surgically and physiologically, has some psychological hazards.  There still exists no compelling evidence to indicate widespread severe emotional sequelae.  The paradox of the vasectomy situation is that, though a high patient enthusiasm may be stated postoperatively, some evidence often nevertheless exists of a negative psychological impact.  The overt enthusiasm appears to be an example of cognitive dissonance, a common defense in which one publicly overemphasizes a view expedient to oneself but at variance with one's private experience.  In efforts to compensate for imagined loses in masculinity, men sometimes increase sexual activity but to their despair develop temporary (psychological) impotence.  Moreover, studies of the psychological effects of vasectomy may bias their subjects' reactions by unintentionally suggesting or highlighting sequelae.


Oral hypoglycaemic agents.

Oral hypoglycaemic agents.


Generalized pustular psoriasis.

Generalized pustular psoriasis.


Levodopa in parkinson's disease--Australian collaborative trial.


Prescription of psychotropic drugs by general practitioners. 1. General.


Direct current defibrillator testing.

Direct current defibrillator testing.


Cataracts in childhood.

Cataracts in childhood.


Open heart surgery in the elderly.

Open heart surgery in the elderly.


Cigarette smoking and infertility in men. For this study of testosterone concentrations in 2 matched groups of men, 1 of lifelong nonsmokers and 1 of men smoking at least 30 cigarettes daily, 2 specimens of blood were collected with an interval of 7 days without smoking.  The first specimens showed plasma testosterone to be higher in nonsmokers than in smokers, indicating that smoking decreases plasma testosterone.  The difference in plasma testosterone between the 2 specimens from nonsmokers was insignificant, but in smokers the 2nd specimen showed a statistically significant increase in testosterone concentration.  Reduced testosterone biosynthesis caused by carbon monoxide inhibition of Leydig cell microsomal hydroxylases seems to be the probable explanation of this effect.  The possibility thus exists that cigarette smoking can contribute to infertility in men.


Ichthyosis.

Ichthyosis.


Munchausen's syndrome.

Munchausen's syndrome.


Galactokinase deficiency as a cause of cataracts.


Differences in insulin, growth hormone and pancreatic enzyme secretion after intravenous and intraduodenal administration of mixed amino acids in man.


Transplacental passage of erythromycin and clindamycin.


The Malpractice Commission Report: controversy unabated; the findings.


Alimentary hypoglycemia in the absence of gastrointestinal surgery.


The lens, cataracts, and galactosemia.

The lens, cataracts, and galactosemia.


The curriculum revolution: second thoughts.


Gastrointestinal hormones and insulin secretion.


Mucociliary transport in cystic fibrosis.


Committee on maternal welfare.

Committee on maternal welfare.


Subcutaneous heparin to prevent venous thrombosis.


Etiology of pneumonia in children.

Etiology of pneumonia in children.


Coronary-artery surgery in social context.


HL-A antigen in psoriasis.

HL-A antigen in psoriasis.


Relativistic estimates.

Relativistic estimates.


Ethical principles in human experimentation.


Blood transfusion: disadvantages of new names.


Platelet-pheresis is an etymologic dud.

Platelet-pheresis is an etymologic dud.


The combined use of morphometric and microradioscopic methods in the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases.


Blood cells preserved in a mummy 2000 years old. Structures resembling red blood cells have been seen in mummies, but have been considered by some to be artifacts or molds. The finding of these structures, admixed with white blood cells, in the blood vessels of a mummified American Indian, confirms the original interpretation of preserved red blood cells.


Somatomedin: inhibiton of adenylate cyclase activity in subcellular membranes of various tissues. Somatomedin in concentrations between 3 and 20 units per milliliter significantly inhibits the basal activity of adenylate cyclase in crude membrane preparations obtained from homogenates of fat cells, liver, and spleen lymphocytes of the rat, and from chondrocytes and cartilage of chick embryos. The enzyme activity measured in the presence of stimulating hormones (epinephrine, prostaglandin PGE(1), parathyroid hormone) is also inhibited in these preparations by somatomedin. These observations may be relevant in a general way to the mechanism of action of growth-prmoting substances and to the processes which normally regulate cell growth.


Learning: classical and avoidance conditioning the mollusk Pleurobranchaea. Naive specimens of the marine gastropod Pleurobranchaea withdraw from tactile stimulation of the oral veil and show feeding responses to food chemicals. Experimental subjects, trained by pairing touch (conditioned stimullus) with food chemicals (unconditioned stimulus), soon acquired a classically conditioned feeding response to touch alone. Control subjects that received touch alone or unpaired touch and food chemicals showed significantly fewer feeding responses to touch than did experimentals. Classically conditioned specimens were used for avoidance conditioning. Subjects that received aversive electrical stimulation when they did not withdraw from touch rapidly learned to withdraw rather than to feed in response to touch alone. Controls that received touch alone or unpaired touch and shock continued to exhibit the feeding response to touch alone. The learned responses persisted for up to 2 weeks without reinforcement before extinction, and could be demonstrated in the isolated nervous system.


Adverse effects of vasopressin averted by isoproterenol.


Selective visual experience fails to modify receptive field properties of rabbit striate cortex neurons. During development, rabbits were exposed only to vertical or horizontal lines to determine if the receptive field characteristics of visual cortex cells would be altered as they are in the cat. Motion and directional selectivity were preserved, and orientation specificity remained unaffected by the restricted experience, which suggests that the rabbit may lack the neural plasticity seen in some other mammals.


Blood services: prices and public policy.


Dystrophic chicken muscle: altered synaptic acetylcholinesterase. Individual motor endplates in the skeletal muscles of chickens genetically homozygous for muscular dystrophy have been compared with those in normal chickens. Measurements were made there, by specific autoradiographic techniques, of the numbers of total cholinesterase-like molecules and of acetylcholinesterase molecules. The acetylcholinesterase is distinctly decreased at the endplates in dystrophic muscles. The various data available on these muscles are compatible with the concept that a neural factor which determines the synaptic acetylcholinesterase, along with a number of other characters in the muscle cell, is defective in this disorder.


The management of penetrating neck injuries.


The probable immunological role of regional lymph node in simulated colon carcinoma in the rabbit.


Visual discrimination in sharks without optic tectum. After complete removal of the optic tectum, nurse sharks can learn to discriminate black versus white and horizontal versus vertical stripes. This finding is contrary to the traditional belief of exclusive tectal control over visuomotor behavior in lower vertebrates and suggests a role for the telencephalon in the vision of these primitive animals.


Steroid attenuation of hyperacute pulmonary xenograft rejection.


Blunt abdominal trauma: a study of the relationship between diagnosis and outcome.


Applications of artificial intelligence: relationships between mass spectra and pharmacological activity of drugs. The possibility that the mass spectrum and pharmacological activity of a compound may be directly related has been explored with the help of various computer-based pattern-recognition techniques. The relationship appears to hold at least for tranquilizers and sedatives, and compounds with one or the other of these two pharmacological activities can thus be classified from their mass spectra with a high degree of accuracy.


Visual resolution and experience: acuity deficits in cats following early selective visual deprivation. Cats reared during the first 5 months of life in environments that contain contours of a single orientation show a diminished ability to resolve gratings of the orthogonal orientation in later life. It is argued that these perceptual deficits result from changes in the organization of the visual cortex induced by the selected early visual input.


Disinhibition of tectal neurons by pretectal lesions in the frog. The rapid habituation of many neurons in the frog optic tectum to moving spots is presumed to underlie the behavioral habituation of the frog to repeated movement of prey objects. The "disinhibited" feeding of frogs after pretectal lesions is paralleled by the consistent failure of tectal neurons to ignore moving buglike stimuli.


Cell repository.

Cell repository.


Nerve growth factor: enhanced recovery of feeding after hypothalamic damage. A single intraventricular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF). given at the time of brain damage, facilitated the course of recovery from the lateral hypothalamic anorexic syndrome in male rats. In the second and third weeks after the trauma, NGF-treated rats ate more food, regained body weight more rapidly, and fed more vigorously in response to intraventricular administration of norepinephrine than untreated controls. After full recovery, rats that had been treated with NGF were resistant to reinstatement of the hypothalamic syndrome by 6-hydroxydopamine. NGF may facilitate behavioral recovery by promoting the development of supersensitivity to norepinephrine and possibly also by stimulating the growth of regenerating noradrenergic neurons in the brain.


Neuronal locus specificity: altered pattern of spatial deployment in fused fragments of embryonic xenopus eyes. Before optic nerve outgrowth in Xenopus laevis embryos, a change of state occurs in the differentiating retinal cell population which renders the cells refractory to information about subsequent changes in their positions, and commits individual ganglion cells to develop specific position-dependent properties (locus specificities) which subserve the formation of orderly retinotopic connections in the optic tectum. When different parts of eye primordia from stages before optic nerve outgrowth are fused, each piece in such a reconstructed eye does not generate ganglion cells with the partial-set of locus specificities normally arising from that region of the intact eye. It is inferred that separate parts of the early embryonic retina do not contain stable programs for spatial deployment of locus specificity, and that development of definitive locus specificities in retinal ganglion cells requires additional cellular interactions among the retinal cells later in development.


Origin of mitochondria.

Origin of mitochondria.


Arrested development in human hookworm infections: an adaptation to a seasonally unfavorable external environment.


Short- and long-term lithium administration: effects on the brain's serotonergic biosynthetic systems. Short-term treatment with lithium chloride stimulates the uptake of tryptophan and its conversion to serotonin by striate synaptosomes. Preincubation of striate synaptosomes with L-tryptophan and in vivo administration of L-tryptophan appear to act in a similar manner. Midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase activity is reduced in temporal continuity with the lithium-induced activation of tryptophan uptake and conversion. By 10 days, conversion of tryptophan to serotonin in nerve endings becomes a joint function of the maintained increased uptake of tryptophan and a decreased level of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in nerve endings. The occurrence of this delayed alteration corresponds in time to the previously described axoplasmic flow rate for tryptophan hydroxylase.


The perineurium as a diffusion barrier to protein tracers following trauma to nerves.


Evolution of neuronal changes in metachromatic leukodystrophy. An electron microscopic study.


Fine structure of sensory ganglia during experimental scurvy.


Tropical malabsorption and fiber-depleted starch carbohydrates.


A comparison of the effects of melengestrol acetate with a combination of hydrocortisone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate and with other steroids in the treatment of experimental alleric encephalomyelitis in Wistar rats.


Factor analysis of measures of nutritional status of preschool children.


Hepatic and circulating (non-heme) iron during recovery from malnutrition in the rat.


Comparative utilization of fish protein concentrate and casein-lactalbumin by college women.


Metabolic responses of adolescent boys to two levels of dietary magnesium and protein. II. Effect of magnesium and and protein level on calcium balance.


Metabolic responses of adolescent boys to two levels of dietary magnesium and protein. I. Magnesium and nitrogen retention.


Contractile calcium in rabbit myocardium: observations with nicotine and quinine.


Breast feeding in modern times.

Breast feeding in modern times.


Fetal myoglobin: quantitative determination and importance for oxygenation.


Cardiovascular function in panting and nonpanting resting conscious dogs.


Hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive rats. I. Effects of pressure elevation.


Energy production of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle.


Uncoupling of excitation from contraction by nickel in cardiac muscle.


Effects of sympathetic stimulation of the spleen on cardiac output.


Urea transport in elasmobranch erythrocytes.


Mineralocorticoid activity of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone in the dog.


Lipogenesis by in vitro liver and adipose tissue preparations from neonatal swine.


Adipose tissue composition and lipogenic capacity in developing swine.


Effects of acetazolamide and parathyroidectomy on renal transport of sodium, calcium, and phosphate.


Effect of tetrodotoxin on A-V conduction and A-V junctional rhythm.


Aging of connective tissue: physical properties of healing wounds in young and old rats.


Glycogen synthesis and metabolism of lactic acid after exercise.


Inconstancy of renal extraction of hippuran with changing plasma concentrations.


Relative rates of arterial lactate and oxygen-deficit accumulation in hypoxic dogs.


Length-dependent changes in myocardial contractile state.


Acid-base balance in euthermic and hibernating marmots.


Interaction between ouabain and furosemide on Na and K excretion in perfused rat kidney.


Drug control of hyperglycemia and inhibition of insulin secretion due to centrally administered 2-deoxy-D-glucose.


Transductal fluxes of Na, K, and water in the human eccrine sweat gland.


Safe drinking water.

Safe drinking water.


Dehydration and body fluid regulation in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel and laboratory rat.


The epidemiologic revolution.

The epidemiologic revolution.


Food regulations.

Food regulations.


Should medical radiation exposure be recorded.


The child and the law--contemporary situations in juvenile justice.


An intervention program for infants from high risk homes.


Kids on ice--children in confinement.

Kids on ice--children in confinement.


Child care and child development in Thailand, Sweden, and Israel--their relevance for the United States.


Health policy and population policy--a relationship redefined. The final report of The Commission on Population Growth and the American Future presents a significant redefinition of the relationship between health and population policy, by highlighting the points of common interest between those seeking  a more rational health system, those seeking rapid reduction in population growth, and the contribution each group can make to the realization of common objectives.  Slower population growth can provide the opportunity to devote resources to improving the quality of life rather than merely coping with its quantity.  The Commission proposes a large number of social, economic, educational and health policies and programs for action by federal, state and local governments, and the private sector.  The Commission recommends a national policy and voluntary program to reduce unwanted fertility, to improve the outcome of pregnancy, and to improve the health of children.  Such a policy would consist of: 1) expansion of the federal family planning project grant programs; 2) elimination of legal restrictions on access to contraceptive information; 3) liberalization of abortion laws; 4) payment by public and  private health financing mechanisms of the full cost of health services related to fertility; 5) increased federal investment in fertility related research; 6) elimination of administrative restrictions on availability of voluntary  sterilization; 7) development of educational programs on family planning, family life, sexuality, and population dynamics; 8) development of programs to train the required medical and paramedical personnel.  The Commission has added a potent demographic justification to the health and welfare rationales upon which proposals to improve the control of fertility and the provision of fertility-related health services have been based.  Health workers and health institutions will continue to bear a central responsibility for action programs to reduce unwanted fertility and slow down population growth.  The added demographic justification for expansion of fertility control and fertility related health programs provides an opportunity secure support for efforts to bring about a more rational health system from those whose primary concern is  population growth.


Liberalized abortion and birth rates changes in Baltimore. To investigate the effect of liberalized abortion laws, all recorded abortions and births in Baltimore City from July 1, 1970 to December 31, 1970, were compared with births from July 1, 1968 to December 31, 1968.  Both black and white in-wedlock observed births were lower than expected 1970 births, but the out-of-wedlock births were higher.  Both black and white in-wedlock abortion rates showed similar patterns.  Out-of-wedlock abortions, which had been rising steadily for the past few decades continued to rise.  The differences observed could not be attributed only to a liberalized abortion policy.  There is no record of the number of illegal abortions performed in 1968, and the study did not measure changes in birthrate which might have been attributable to differences in family planning practices caused by adverse publicity about the  pill.  Although abortions have increased since liberalization of the law, there may still be limited access to abortion.


Legal abortion 1970-1971--the New York City experience.


Pseudoaneurysms of the carotid artery.

Pseudoaneurysms of the carotid artery.


Management of postpneumonectomy empyema: a report of 20 patients and review of treatment methods.


Multiple bilateral inguinal hernias.

Multiple bilateral inguinal hernias.


Guided balloon catheter for proximal hemostatic control of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.


Total gastrectomy for carcinoma: a patient with 34-year survival.


Post-traumatic cholecystitis.

Post-traumatic cholecystitis.


Duodenal ulcer as a cause of duodenocolic fistula: a case report and review of literature.


Phlegmonous colitis, an abdominal catastrophe.


Distal ileal resection: bile acid metabolism and diarrhea.


The fine structure of the monkey (Macaca) Sertoli cell and its role in maintaining the blood-testis barrier.


Ultrastructure and growth of human limb mesenchyme (HLM15) in vitro.


Gross and light microscopic features of the pelvic plexus in the rat.


Fine structure and progesterone concentration in the corpus luteum of the African elephant.


Embryology of the sheep. 3. The respiratory system, mesenteries and celom in the fourteen to thirty-four day embryo.


The migration of lymphocytes from bone marrow to popliteal lymph nodes demonstrated by selective bone marrow labeling with  3 H-thymidine in vivo.


The role of the surgical oncologist.

The role of the surgical oncologist.


Surgery and skin cancer.

Surgery and skin cancer.


Small-bowel transplantation: an experimental study.


Starch peritonitis: an immunological study.


The use of laboratory animals. Notes for the guidance of research workers.


Dynamics of drug dependence. Implications of a conditioning theory for research and treatment.


Nonmedical use of methaqualone.

Nonmedical use of methaqualone.


The revolving-door alcoholic. An impasse in the treatment of the chronic alcoholic.


Manic states. A genetic study of early and late onset affective disorders.


Social adjustment and depression. A longitudinal study.


Power processes and patient behaviors.

Power processes and patient behaviors.


Scapegoating in hospitalized adolescents. A behavioral phenomenon associated with schizophrenia with premorbid asociality.


Advantages of being female in psychiatric rehabilitation.


Family therapy and a behavioral approach to childhood obsessive-compulsive neurosis.


Dance therapy with psychotic children. Definition and quantitative evaluation.


Correspondence therapy.

Correspondence therapy.


Psychotherapy of narcissistic injuries.

Psychotherapy of narcissistic injuries.


Body donation and suicide. Is there a relationship?


Suicide after contact with a Suicide Prevention Center.


Symptom configuration and life events.

Symptom configuration and life events.


Assassination in Laos. Its psychosocial dimensions.


A suggested role for colostral antibody in the eosinophil response of the piglet.


Experimental bacterial endocarditis. 3. Production and progress of the disease in rabbits.


The effect of experimental renal hypertension on the response of the rabbit aorta to vitamin D.


The tuberculin reaction in the pleural cavity and its suppression by antilymphocyte serum.


Role of forebrain structures in emotional expression in opossum.


Selective degeneration of neurons in the olfactory bulb following prolonged odour exposure.


Convergence of cortico- and rubrospinal influences on interneurones of cat cervical spinal cord.


Threshold of respiratory responses to preoptic heating during sleep in freely moving cats.


Effects of dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions on spontaneous alternation, learned alternation and probability learning in rats.


Behavioral and nerve cell membrane effects of an epileptic agent (metrazol) in a mollusk.


Catecholamine metabolism in the brains of ageing male mice.


Cellular and subcellular distribution of protein-bound radioactivity in the rat brain during maturation after incorporation of ( 3 H)leucine in vitro.


Efflux of exogenous amino acids from brain slices. Evidence of compartmentation from the rate equation.


Differentiation of chick embryo cerebral hemispheres. 3. Incorporation of ( 3 H-methyl)methionine into 29 S, 18 S and 4 S RNAs.


Observations on the growth of cell sin the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.


Effects of experimental deafferentation on cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.


Adaptation and the neural code for visual form.