ICR-induced frameshift mutations in the histidine operon of Salmonella. Both the acridine half-mustard, ICR191, and the nonalkylating azaacridine derivative, ICR364-OH, induce three classes of frameshift mutations in the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium. (i) One class is completely stable in reversion tests and is presumed to represent deletion of one or a few critical nucleotide pairs or two nearby frameshifts. One extended deletion was found out of 11 stable mutations. (ii) Of two spontaneously reverting classes which also are considered to predominantly involve base deletions, one is unaffected in reversion with ICR191, nitrosoguanidine, and diethylsulfate, and the other is induced to revert with ICR191. (iii) A third class, considered to predominantly involve base additions, responds in reversion tests with ICR191 as well as with nitrosoguanidine and diethylsulfate. Other investigators have shown that one mutant of this class is a "plus" frameshift and that nitrosoguanidine acts in reversion to delete a guanine plus cytosine base pair. Although such plus frameshifts are found with high frequency among mutations selected from acridine-treated bacteria or when strong selection pressure is applied for their detection in reversion tests, data from this laboratory indicate that this class of plus frameshifts is rare among mutations derived spontaneously or after treatment with a variety of other mutagens. Finally, we demonstrate that the alkylating ICR191 and the nonalkylating ICR364-OH preferentially cause mutations in different chromosome regions and that their spectra of activity only partially overlap that found for spontaneous frameshift mutations.


Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium: electron microscopy of colony growth in agar. Colonies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium grown in PPLO agar were examined by light and electron microscopy. The main objective of the investigation was to attempt in situ fixation and minimize tonic changes in the organisms. Microscopy revealed that both organisms grew both in and upon the agar. The agar and surface growths of M. pneumoniae exhibited similar profiles, whereas those of M. salivarium differed strikingly. Both organisms are highly pleomorphic, but their matrix was denser and appeared more intact than in previously reported profiles. Cells which resemble the commonly reported mycoplasma were occasionally observed. The significance of these discrepant profiles remains unanswered. It is suggested that they may represent aged or osmotically damaged cells.


An old-timer's look at parasite physiology.


Use of 33P as an indicator for 32P pulse labeling of nucleic acids in bacterial cultures. (33)P-phosphate can be used to follow bacterial phosphorus consumption before (32)P pulse labeling.


Granulomatous (ileo) colitis.

Granulomatous (ileo) colitis.


Ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis.


Clinical psychopharmacological research in Czechoslovakia.


The private practice research group: cooperative efforts in drug evaluation.


The biology and pharmacology of lithium: a bibliography.


Evaluation of the Vlahovitch system for the measurement of the sylvian triangle with computer analysis of the results.


A new double-curve catheter for selective femorocerebral angiography.


John Marshall Neely, M.D. 1904-1969.

John Marshall Neely, M.D. 1904-1969.


Reticulum-cell sarcoma. II. Radiation dosage for each type.


George Pence Sims, M.D. 1901-1969.

George Pence Sims, M.D. 1901-1969.


Posterior fusion in Pott's disease of children.


The fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp. Artemia salina: the efferent duct.


Scanning electron microscopy of lamellar bone.


Fine structural study of gas secretion in the physoclistous swim bladder of Fundulus heteroclitus and Gadus callarias and in the euphysoclistous swim bladder of Opsanus tau.


Ultrastructure of the neurohaemal region of the toad median eminence.


Structure of the parapineal organ of the adult rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson.


The role of the median eminence in control of photoperiodically induced testicular growth in the white-crowned sparrow. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii.


Tropical fruit technology.

Tropical fruit technology.


1968-69 faculty bibliography.

1968-69 faculty bibliography.


The chemistry and biochemistry of tea and tea manufacture.


Ultralow volume applications of concentrated insecticides in medical and veterinary entomology.


The library of the college. A short account of its history, present state and possible future development.


Psychological deficit in schizophrenia and brain damage.


Dr. Sam. VI. The carriage trade (Samuel Booth Sturgis).


Medical audiology.

Medical audiology.


Radiosensitization of Escherichia coli B-r by showdomycin.


The binding and release of phosphate by a protein isolated from Escherichia coli.


Cysteine desulfhydrase activities of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.


Activation of aspartate transcarbamoylase by purine nucleotides.


Determination of the stereospecific hydrolytic action of pepsin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


The vibrissa dermal papilla and its influcnce on epidermal tissues.


Successful removal of thrombus from renal vein after renal transplantation.


Who put the George in George Eliot?

Who put the George in George Eliot?


Planning hospital library quarters.

Planning hospital library quarters. This bibliography is a new edition of an annotated and indexed listing published in 1965. As before, topics range from library standards and the writing of a significant building program to attainment of happy collaboration between librarian and architect, space relationships designed to facilitate work flow, planned flexibility for the sake of the future, and heating, lighting, decoration, library equipment, and furniture. References containing comprehensive bibliographies are indicated.


Microscopic observations of serial-decalcified enamel sections prepared from deciduous human teeth.


The participation of complement in the parietal cell antigen-antibody reaction in pernicious anaemia and atrophic gastritis.


Amyloidosis in neonatally thymectomized and anti-lymphocyte serum treated mice.


Technic--fabricating. An esthetic anterior splint.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation.


Edema of the graft following penetrating keratoplasty.


Muscular work and fatigue--a review.

Muscular work and fatigue--a review.


Prosthodontic considerations of the aged patient.


The relationship of serum folic acid and vitamin B 12 levels to psychosis in epilepsy.


Changes in Eh, pH and pO2 during growth of Escherichia coli.


Neurosurgical biblio-index. Citations from the Index Medicus September through November 1969.


List of dental hygiene schools.

List of dental hygiene schools.


The bonding of Pyroplast veneers.

The bonding of Pyroplast veneers.


Impressionism in denture esthetics.

Impressionism in denture esthetics.


An electron microscopy study of mesosomes in irradiation-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli.


Possible mechanisms in development of tolerance.


A simple device for slicing soft tissues.


Kidney transplantation: patient selection and management.


Induction of phage lambda by transferred irradiated colI DNA.


On the functional organization of the arg ECBH cluster of genes in Escherichia coli K-12.


Differences between streptococcal infections of the throat and of the skin. I.


A bacteriocinogenic factor of Enterobacter cloacae.


Abraham Zacutus Lusitanus (1557-1642).

Abraham Zacutus Lusitanus (1557-1642).


Platelet production.

Platelet production.


A review of the mode of action of phenformin.


Controversy on iron needs, intake levels, deficiency stigmata and benefits from iron supplementation.


Renal scintiscanning. A review.

Renal scintiscanning. A review.


Advances in medicine.

Advances in medicine.


Family therapy.

Family therapy.


Drug therapy.

Drug therapy.


Comments on occlusion in the construction of complete dentures.


Tongue position and its importance to the retention of the mandibular denture.


Esthetics in prosthetic dentistry.

Esthetics in prosthetic dentistry.


Distribution of P32-labeled coli endotoxin in the tissues of pregnant rabbits and of their fetuses. Preliminary report.


Urethral suspension with stainless-steel staples.


Gentamicin sulfate in external eye infections.


The fine structure of cell-free sickled hemoglobin.


The glomerulus in man one hour after transplantation. An electron microscopic study.


Early metabolic alterations in renal allografts.


Role of amygdala in regulating LH secretion in the adult female rat.


D-glucose interactions with renal tubule cell surfaces.


Specificity of monosaccharide transport in dog kidney.


Electron microscopy of sputum.

Electron microscopy of sputum.


The isolation of high catalase Mycobacterium kansasii from tap water.


On the 25th anniversary of the Polish People's Republic.


Transfer of fimbriation from Escherichia coli to Shigella flexneri bacilli as the result of genetic recombination.


The influence of endotoxin on transplantates of Crocker sarcoma and behavior of the thymus in mice.


The nature of resistance to penicillins mediated by R-factor.


Biologic properties of lethal factors produced by Enterobacter aerogenes.


Purification of pituitary gonadotropins from the urine of women after menopause and trials of separating luteinizing from follicle stimulating hormone.


Electrophoretic separation of bacterial RNA on polyacrylamide gel.


Albert C. Furstenberg, MD 1890-1969. In memoriam.


Medial pectoral flaps for anterior neck defects.


Fascia and cartilage palisade tympanoplasty. Nine years' experience.


Intra-abdominal storage of the transplanted canine heart.


Survival of heart grafts. Extracorporeal removal in a functioning stage and those obtained from cadaver donors.


Early detection of canine heart allograft rejection.


Mitral valve replacement with stented aortic homograft. A hemodynamic evaluation.


Obituary: Lucian de Zilwa, M.D., B.SC., F.R.C.O.G.


Double-blind evaluation of diazepam for premedication.


Thermal analysis of lipids, proteins and biological membranes. A review and summary of some recent studies.


Obituary: Arthur Cecil Elsley Koch, B.SC., L.M.S., F.R.C.S.


Changes in the chemical and the barrier properties of the membrane lipids of E. coli by variation of the temperature of growth.


Enzymology of human kidney (a review with special consideration of the quantitative histochemistry).


Biochemistry of striated muscle during human muscular diseases.


Psoriasis and arthritis. A review of recent literature.


"Footnotes" on diabetes, with special reference to calcification of the metatarsal arteries.


Bacteriology of urinary tract infections. II. A comparative study employing direct smear, pus cell count, catalase and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction tests with bacterial counts.


A study of some biological properties of staphylococci isolated from pathological material in human infections.


Isolation of strains of the mannitol negative variety of Shigella flexneri, subserotype 4a.


Evaluation of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride test for detection of significant bacteriuria.


Speech changes in parkinsonism during L-dopa therapy: preliminary findings.


Lymphogranuloma venereum. II. Characterization of some recently isolated strains. Five Bedsonia (Chlamydia) isolates from lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) patients were tested for inclusion type, sulfonamide sensitivity, and mouse virulence. Two matched the classical description of LGV agents. Two were not virulent for mice by the intracerebral route, therefore fitting the description for trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis agents. One was highly virulent for mice and sulfonamide-resistant, and produced inclusions that did not stain with iodine, all characteristics generally associated with avian bedsoniae. A sixth isolate could not be adequately tested due to poor infective yields. Because of this variety of properties within the Bedsonia group, the term LGV might more appropriately be reserved for clinical disease rather than to describe a particular bedsonial agent.


Properties and characteristics of a bacteriocin from Serratia marcescens. A strain of Serratia marcescens was found to produce a bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of certain Escherichia coli strains. This inhibition was bacteriocidal rather than bacteriostatic and was not caused by a bacteriophage. Whereas the bacteriocin was inactive on the 7 Serratia strains tested, it killed 11 of the 20 E. coli strains tested for sensitivity. A relationship of the bacteriocin to a possible colicin cannot as yet be excluded, although E. coli mutants resistant to 1 or 2 of 15 different colicins remained sensitive to the bacteriocin. The bacteriocidal effect by the bacteriocin could be interrupted in a substantial fraction of the treated cell population by the addition of trypsin. The synthesis of the bacteriocin was inducible by ultraviolet light or by starvation for thymidine. Both procedures led to a similar increase in maximum bacteriocin titer relative to noninduced cultures.


Concomitant synthesis of bacteriocin and bacteriocin inactivator from Serratia marcescens. We have found that Serratia marcescens strain P & S is bacteriocinogenic. However, the phenotypic expression of bacteriocin activity depends upon the temperature at which the cells are grown. When the organism is grown at 30 to 37 C, no bacteriocin activity can be demonstrated, whereas when it is grown at 39 C bacteriocin activity is readily observed. It appears that the P & S strain concomitantly synthesizes a bacteriocin and a substance which not only can inactivate the bacteriocin but also has a high activation energy for inactivation. This inactivator readily loses its activity when heated at 39 C for 1 hr. Two mutants were isolated from the P & S strain which can produce active bacteriocin when grown at temperatures from 30 to 39 C. It is significant that these mutants have considerably less bacteriocin inactivator. The data suggest that the inactivator is an extracellular protease. The ability of one of these mutants, JF58-12, to produce active bacteriocin at temperatures between 30 and 39 C is a stable property, whereas in the other mutant, JF48W, this property is unstable. JF48W was selected from the P & S strain in two steps: first a streptomycin-resistant variant (strain A-10) was isolated and from this mutant a strain (JF48W) was isolated which not only synthesized little of the inactivator but also did not synthesize the red pigmnet prodigiosin. This latter pleiotropic mutant appears to revert in one step to a phenotype similar to the P & S strain, since it is streptomycin-sensitive and produces prodigiosin and normal amounts of inactivator and the demonstration of bacteriocin activity is temperature-dependent.


Biosynthesis of desthiobiotin in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. Cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli were active in catalyzing the synthesis of a biotin vitamer from 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid. The vitamer was identified as desthiobiotin on the basis of its chromatographic and electrophoretic characteristics and its biotin activities for a variety of microorganisms. The reaction was stimulated five-fold by bicarbonate, suggesting that an "active CO(2)" was incorporated into the carbonyl carbon of desthiobiotin. The enzyme was demonstrable in a wild-type (K-12) and in all biotin mutants of E. coli that were tested, with the exception of a strain which was able to grow on desthiobiotin but not on diaminopelargonic acid. Furthermore, the enzyme was repressible by biotin in all of the strains tested. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of desthiobiotin from 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid is an obligatory step in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin in E. coli.


Regulation of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic 7-phosphate acid synthetase activity in relation to the synthesis of the aromatic vitamins in Escherichia coli K-12. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments on wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 and mutant strains possessing only single 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic 7-phosphate acid (DAHP) synthetase isoenzymes indicated that, under conditions when all three isoenzymes are fully repressed, sufficient chorismate is still formed for the synthesis of aromatic vitamins. Under repressed conditions both DAHP synthetase (phe) and (trp), but not DAHP synthetase (tyr), were shown to contribute to vitamin production.


Specificity and efficiency of thymidine incorporation in Escherichia coli lacking thymidine phosphorylase. A mutant of Escherichia coli lacking the catabolic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase readily incorporates exogenous thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) even when provided at concentrations as low as 0.2 mug/ml. Incorporation by this prototrophic strain occurs specifically into DNA, since, with radioactively labeled thymidine, (i) more than 98% is incorporated into alkali-stable material, (ii) at least 90% is recovered as thymine after brief formic acid hydrolysis, and (iii) at least 90% is incorporated into material with the buoyant density of DNA. During growth in medium containing thymidine, the bacteria obtain approximately half of their DNA thymines from the exogenous thymidine and half from endogenous synthesis. The thymines and cytosines of DNA can be simultaneously and specifically labeled by thymidine-2-(14)C and uridine-5-(3)H, respectively. The mutant, which does not degrade thymidine, retains the ability to degrade the thymidine analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine.


Nitrate reductase complex of Escherichia coli K-12: participation of specific formate dehydrogenase and cytochrome b1 components in nitrate reduction. The participation of distinct formate dehydrogenases and cytochrome components in nitrate reduction by Escherichia coli was studied. The formate dehydrogenase activity present in extracts prepared from nitrate-induced cells of strain HfrH was active with various electron acceptors, including methylene blue, phenazine methosulfate, and benzyl viologen. Certain mutants which are unable to reduce nitrate had low or undetectable levels of formate dehydrogenase activity assayed with methylene blue or phenazine methosulfate as electron acceptor. Of nine such mutants, five produced gas when grown anaerobically without nitrate and possessed a benzyl viologen-linked formate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting that distinct formate dehydrogenases participate in the nitrate reductase and formic hydrogenlyase systems. The other four mutants formed little gas when grown anaerobically in the absence of nitrate and lacked the benzyl viologen-linked formate dehydrogenase as well as the methylene blue or phenazine methosulfate-linked activity. The cytochrome b(1) present in nitrate-induced cells was distinguished by its spectral properties and its genetic control from the major cytochrome b(1) components of aerobic cells and of cells grown anaerobically in the absence of nitrate. The nitrate-specific cytochrome b(1) was completely and rapidly reduced by 1 mm formate but was not reduced by 1 mm reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ascorbate reduced only part of the cytochrome b(1) which was reduced by formate. When nitrate was added, the formate-reduced cytochrome b(1) was oxidized with biphasic kinetics, but the ascorbate-reduced cytochrome b(1) was oxidized with monophasic kinetics. The inhibitory effects of n-heptyl hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide on the oxidation of cytochrome b(1) by nitrate provided evidence that the nitrate-specific cytochrome is composed of two components which have different redox potentials but identical spectral properties. We conclude from these studies that nitrate reduction in E. coli is mediated by the sequential operation of a specific formate dehydrogenase, two specific cytochrome b(1) components, and nitrate reductase.


Escherichia coli ras locus: its involvement in radiation repair. There are several classes of Escherichia coli mutants defective in radiation repair. These include strains defective in pyrimidine dimer excision, in photoreactivation, in recombination, in repair of X-ray damage, and ultraviolet (UV)-conditional mutants which do not divide after UV. Another mutant (ras(-)) has been isolated. The ras(-) has increased UV sensitivity, but only slightly increased X-ray sensitivity (1.5-fold increase). Ability to effect genetic recombination, to reactivate irradiated bacteriophage T1, and to be photoreactivated is normal. UV-induced mutation frequency is greatly increased in the mutant. The ras(-) apparently lacks the ability to repair some UV damage in the bacterial cell but can repair UV damage to bacteriophage DNA. The ras locus is located between lac and purE on the chromosome map.


"Self-feeding" strain of Salmonella typhimurium with a mutation in the trpB gene and nutritional requirements of trpA gene mutants. An indole-requiring (Ind(-)) mutant of Salmonella typhimurium, isolated from a culture of a leaky trpA mutant, was genetically analyzed by P22-mediated transduction. The mutation site giving the Ind(-) phenotype was shown to be in trpB, the second gene of the trp operon. A second mutation at this site resulted in change of nutritional requirement from indole to anthranilic acid (Anth(-)). This phenotype is normally associated with mutations in the first trp gene, trpA. However, the Anth(-) mutant also excreted anthranilic acid and showed "self-feeding" on unsupplemented media. Of two possible explanations for this aberrant phenotype, the first, that the trpB mutations may be in the "unusual" region, was dismissed on genetic evidence and on the biochemical evidence that an active anthranilate synthetase (AS) is produced. The alternative explanation, that the affected enzymatic activity, phosphoribosyl transferase, is unstable in vivo, but its AS component 2 activity is stable, is considered more probable.


Leakiness of pleiotropic maltose-negative, bacteriophage lambda-resistant mutants of Escherichi coli K-12. Cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 malA(-)lambda(r)gal(-) can be transduced to gal(+) by bacteriophage lambdadg because of leakiness of the lambda(r) phenotype. The efficiency of such transduction is about 10(-5) that of transduction of mal(+)lambda(s) bacteria. Leaky cells (lambda(s)phenocopies) adsorb only very few phage particles, and many transductants, therefore, are defective heterogenotes or show integration of the gal(+) gene, which is unaccompanied by lysogenization.


Effects of ultraviolet radiation on respiration and growth in radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli B. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 254 nm causes different respiration and growth responses in log-phase cultures of Escherichia coli B/r and B(s-1). These differences are correlated with the ability and inability, respectively, of these bacterial strains to repair UV-induced lesions in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). After irradiation, B(s-1) cells (radiation-sensitive) exhibit uncoupling of growth and respiration; growth and synthesis cease, whereas respiration continues. B/r cells (radiation-resistant) grown on glycerol exhibit severe temporary inhibition of growth and respiration after UV, and the coupling of these two processes is maintained, except at a very high UV dose. Inhibition begins at about the time DNA synthesis resumes and continues for a period of time that is dependent upon dose. Glucose-grown cells do not exhibit severe respiratory, growth, and synthetic inhibitions; these processes remain coupled in the cells during the postirradiation period. Photoreactivation treatment delays uncoupling of growth and respiration in B(s-1) and prevents inhibition of respiration and growth in B/r. These results indicate that the postirradiation responses result from the presence of pyrimidine dimers in DNA. Ultraviolet irradiation of B/r and B(s-1) cells results in an accumulation of adenosine triphosphate by 30 min after UV. This accumulation decreases with time and does not appear to be related to the inhibition of respiration in glycerol-grown B/r cells. The results on B/r are interpreted in terms of a control mechanism for reestablishment of a balance among macromolecules in the irradiated cells so as to provide them with the potential to survive. The specific steps in such a reestablishment of balance appear to depend upon the substrate oxidized. In B(s-1) cells, which cannot repair UV-induced damage in DNA, some control mechanism that coordinates cellular processes may be inactivated.


Unlinking of cell division from deoxyribonucleic acid replication in a temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis mutant of Escherichia coli. A new type of temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis mutant, which can divide without a completion of DNA replication, was isolated from a thymidine-requiring Escherichia coli strain by means of photo-bromouracil selection after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. In this mutant, in spite of the fact that DNA synthesis stopped immediately after the temperature shift from 30 to 41 C, cells could continue to divide, though at a reduced rate. This cell division without DNA synthesis at 41 C is further supported by the following results. (i) Cell division took place at high temperature without addition of thymidine but not at all at 30 C. The parent strain of the mutant did not divide at 41 C without thymidine. (ii) Smaller cells isolated from the culture grown at 41 C did not contain DNA. This was shown by chemical analysis of the smaller cells and on electron micrographs. Ability of cells to divide was examined according to sizes of cells. By using the culture at 30 C, cells of various sizes were separated by means of sucrose-density gradient centrifugation. It was found that all cell fractions, including the smallest one, could divide at high temperature. These results suggest that in this mutant the completion of DNA replication is not required for triggering cell division at high temperature. Heat sensitivity of a factor which links cell division with DNA replication appears to be responsible. Some possible mechanisms of the coordination between cell division and DNA replication are discussed.


Morphological changes of Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Studies were made on morphological changes of Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Two types of nonsolid or irregularly stained M. lepraemurium were observed. One type occurred in the growth phase of the organisms during the stage of preparation for bacillary multiplication. The nonsolid bacilli appeared as elongated organisms having pointed ends, isolated acid-fast dots, or faintly stained areas at the ends of the bacilli. It is possible that this irregularity in staining is due to a very gradual, versus an instantaneous, acquisition of acid-fast material during bacillary multiplication and maturation. Solid forms were again observed upon maturation. Nonsolid bacilli were also observed in macrophage cultures infected with autoclave-killed M. lepraemurium. Under these conditions there was an emergence of organisms which showed irregularly stained areas and various forms of deformity unaccompanied by elongation or multiplication. These irregularities were most probably due to the destructive process of digestion of bacillary protoplasm. The present study does not support the current hypothesis that all nonsolid acid-fast organisms are nonviable.


Ultrastructure of Nocardia cell growth and development on defined and complex agar media. The cell growth of Nocardia strain 721-A on Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA), nutrient agar, and chemically defined agar media was studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed a change in cell morphology induced by growth on BHIA. Electron microscopy demonstrated a concurrent change in intracellular complexity. On BHIA, the cells became bulbous and developed irregularly branched filaments which fragmented by multiple and random septation. These fragments appeared to undergo a secondary stage of development similar to that described for Arthrobacter. Cells grown on defined or nutrient agar did not become bulbous and lacked the unusual complexity found in cells grown on BHIA. Intracytoplasmic membranes were altered by the nutritional state of the cell and changed during cell development.


Mode of action of colicin A.

Mode of action of colicin A. Colicin A acting on sensitive cells of Escherichia coli inhibits a number of energy-requiring cellular functions. It appears to act similarly to colicins E1 and K.


The effects of ultra-violet irradiation on the fertility of F+ and Hfr strains of Escherichia coli K 12 defective for the repair of damaged DNA.


Inactivation of bacteriocins in the intestinal canal and oral cavity. Colicinogenic Escherichia coli colonized gnotobiotic mice harboring susceptible or resistant strains comparably. Intestinal contents and dental plaque containing proteases inactivated several colicins and streptococcal bacteriocins.


Blood serum lipoproteins: a review.

Blood serum lipoproteins: a review.


The beta-cell capacity for insulin secretion in microdissected pancreatic islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice.


Arteriovenous fistulas: a review and ten-year experience at the Mayo Clinic.


Robert Tuttle Morris (1857-1945): a pioneer in ovarian transplants.


Quinoxaline-1, 4-di-N oxides. I. Inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli by 2,3-dihydroxymethyl-quinoxaline-1, 4-di-N-oxide.


The immunosuppressive effect of RES "blockade" with ethyl stearate emulsion on cellular formation of antibody to sheep erythrocytes.


Development of neuropathology in People's Poland. On the 25th anniversary of Polish People's Republic.


Inhibition of substrate oxidation by endotoxin in vitro.


Suppression of antibody-forming cells to Serratia marcescens lipopolysaccharide after a large dose of antigen.


Arguments for a regulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion by circulating plasma free fatty acids.


Cellular variants for blood groups within an established cell line.


Reversal by L-glutamine of the inhibition of lymphocyte mitosis caused by E. coli asparaginase.


Fine structural observations on magnum mucosa in quail and hen oviducts.


Ultrastructure of the dolphin adenohypophysis.


Fluorescent granules in the guinea-pig hypothalamus and their possible relation to neurosecretory substance.


Röntgen and the Nobel Prize with notes from his correspondence with Svante Arrhenius.


Techniques for the use of hypnosis in group therapy.


Kupffer-cell sarcoma.

Kupffer-cell sarcoma.


Some polypeptides influencing gastric-acid secretion.


Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin: recent developments.


Absorption of acetylsalicylic acid from unbuffered and buffered gastric contents.


Experimental enteric colibacillosis of the newborn pig: histopathology of the small intestine and changes in plasma electrolytes.


Immunofluorescence in the study of Marek's disease: detection of antibody.


Antibodies to Escherichia coli in young calves: O antigens.


Factors affecting gastrointestinal absorption of drugs.


Antibodies to Escherichia coli in young calves: K antigens.


Cellular response to equine encephalomyelitis vaccine in skin window of horses.


Morphological studies of the embryonic rabbit thymus: the in situ epithelial versus the extrathymic derivation of the initial population of lymphocytes in the embryonic thymus.


Extracellular space in frozen and ethanol substituted central nervous tissue.


Evidence for a structural relationship between sarcoplasmic reticulum and Z lines in dog papillary muscle.


Fine structure of the pancreatic islet cells of normal and alloxan treated bats (Eptesicus fuscus).


Genetic aspects of succinylcholine sensitivity.


Accelerated immunofluorescence procedure for the detection of Salmonella in foods and animal by-products. An accelerated, direct immunofluorescent-antibody procedure was developed for the detection of Salmonella in food products. This method includes pre-enrichment and selective enrichment but eliminates many of the washing and smear treatments present in existing methods. Commercially available fluorescein-conjugated somatic antiserum was used in comparing this method with conventional culture, biochemical, and serological procedures. The 894 samples tested represented 39 different products. The fluorescent-antibody procedure detected Salmonella in 216 test samples as compared to 205 positives recovered by using the standard culture procedures. In no instance did the fluorescent-antibody procedure fail to detect a Salmonella positive which had been detected by the standard procedure. With a three-tube, most-probable-number procedure, the fluorescent-antibody method was able to detect Salmonella at a level of 0.036 organism per g. In addition to being a more rapid method for the detection of Salmonella, it has proven to be comparable to conventional culture procedures.


Bacteriophage typing of Salmonellae. II. New bacteriophage typing scheme. A phage-typing technique for salmonellae is described. One battery of phages was used to type three serotypes of Salmonella, namely, S. typhimurium, S.typhimurium var. copenhagen, and S. heidelberg. In all, 443 S. heidelberg cultures were typed into 22 phage types, 185 S. typhimurium cultures into 35 phage type, and 92 S. typhimurium var. copenhagen cultures into 26 phage types. The stability of the phage types was established by retyping 168 cultures belonging to all three serotypes. The epidemiological significance of the phage types demonstrated was evaluated by comparing phage types obtained from the University of Minnesota and those from the National Animal Disease Laboratory. Further investigation of the S. heidelberg phage types has shown that the cultures represented repeated isolates from the same birds or from a group of birds in the same flock.


Aerobic and facultative microflora of fresh and spoiled refrigerated dough products. The microbial flora of fresh, unsterile, dough products held at refrigeration temperatures was compared with the microbial flora of the same products that had spoiled spontaneously. Various methods based on selective media were used to determine molds, yeasts, and bacteria present. Except for two special cases in which a yeast and Penicillium roqueforti induced spoilage, all of the samples deteriorated because of bacterial growth. A total of 1,132 bacterial isolates was subjected to further classification. In the spoiled products, 92% of the isolates belonged to the Lactobacillaceae. More than one-half of these (53%) belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, and an additional 36% were in the genus Leuconostoc. In the genus Leuconostoc almost all of the strains (94%) were L. mesenteroides. The third most common genus present was Streptococcus, represented by 3% of the total isolates. A preliminary taxonomic study of the microflora of refrigerated dough products revealed none of the isolates to be indicators of fecal contamination and none to be forms known to produce toxins. The highest counts encountered in the moist, fresh products were up to 200 million lactic acid bacteria per g in buttermilk biscuits, with a psychrophilic count as high as 4.8 million. In the spoiled samples, the highest total counts were 820 million in buttermilk biscuits. Mold counts were no higher than 1,800, except in the sample ruined by P. roqueforti where the count was 130,000 mold colonies.


Differential agar medium for separating Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris. The characteristic ability of Streptococcus lactis and inability of Streptococcus cremoris to hydrolyze arginine formed the basis for the development of a differential agar medium to separate these species in pure and mixed cultures. Ammonia liberated from arginine was detected by the pH changes occurring in the medium. The agar contained milk as the sole source of carbohydrate, arginine as the specific substrate, diffusible (K(2)HPO(4)) and nondiffusible (CaCO(3)) buffer systems, and a suitable pH indicator in addition to other ingredients. The nondiffusible buffer system afforded the localization of pH changes, and, hence, the indicator color changes immediately around individual colonies appearing on the medium. S. cremoris produced yellow colonies surrounded by yellow zones on this purple medium because of their ability to produce acid from lactose in the milk. S. lactis, on the other hand, first produced colonies similar to S. cremoris, but subsequent color reversal of pH indicator with the liberation of NH(3) resulted in the discharge of the yellow color. Hence, S. lactis colonies were white and devoid of zones. The difference in their colony color allowed the identification of the species in a mixture of S. cremoris and S. lactis strains. The medium was found suitable for both qualitative and quantitative differentiation.


Automated instrument for the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test and other immunofluorescence tests. An automated diagnostic test instrument and its development program are described. The instrument automates the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test for syphilis to the extent that only 4 hr of technician time is required to conduct approximately 200 tests daily. Evaluation to date suggests its efficacy. In addition, preliminary studies indicate the feasibility of detecting antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium malariae, and nucleoprotein (antinuclear factor). The instrument would seem to have broad application for routine and research immunofluorescence testing. Two elements comprise the instrument: a slide processor and a microscope attachment. The slide processor is an electro-pneumatically actuated device which automatically feeds special laboratory slides, on which antigen or other reagents are prefixed, through a series of operations which provide reagent application, incubation, washing, drying, and stacking of the finished slides for readout. The instrument provides flexibility in that incubation time and temperature as well as point, sequence, and duration of reagent application can be varied to accommodate a variety of immunofluorescence techniques. The microscope attachment can be fitted to all conventional dark-field fluorescence microscopes and makes possible the reading of three to six slides per minute. The reacted slides from the processor are injected sequentially onto the stage of the microscope by movement of a lever. As injected, slides are automatically in visual focus; fine focus is occasionally required. Scanning of the reacted field is accomplished by means of the normal microscope controls. A buffered glycerol coupling is maintained between the darkfield condenser substage lens and the slide cover glass by means of a pushbutton-actuated feed system.


Comparison of the fatty acids of proteolytic type B and nonproteolytic types E and F of Clostridium botulinum. Lipids were extracted from vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium botulinum. The total lipids extracted averaged approximately 3.8% of the dry weight of vegetative cells and 2.5% of the dry weight of spores of types 61E, "F," and 115B. The fatty acids were analyzed in the form of their methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Infrared spectroscopy, mercuric acetate fractionation, and silver nitratethin layer chromatography served as complementary means of analysis. The total fatty acids included straight chain, saturated, unsaturated, and cyclopropane acids. Hexadecanoic and tetradecanoic acids were the predominant acids in both the spores and vegetative cells. Together, they comprised over 50% of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated acids were the second major group. These were primarily 7,8-tetradecenoic, 9,10-hexadecenoic, 7,8-hexadecenoic, 11,12-octadecenoic, and 9,10-octadecenoic acids. Nonproteolytic types 61E and "F" possessed an 18-carbon diunsaturate, which was not found in the vegetative cells or spores of proteolytic type 115B. A mechanism for the synthesis of unsaturated and cyclopropane acids was proposed.


Incidence of Escherichia coli in black walnut meats. Examination of commercially shelled black walnut meats showed inconsistent numbers of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli; variation occurred among different meat sizes and within each meat size. The incidence of E. coli on meats of commercially hulled black walnuts depended on the physical condition of the nuts. Apparently tightly sealed ones contained only a few or none, whereas those with visibly separated sutures and spoiled meats yielded the most. This contamination was in part correlated to a hulling operation. Large numbers of E. coli on the husk of the walnuts contaminated the hulling water, subsequently also contaminating the meats by way of separated sutures. Chlorination of the hulling wash water was ineffective. Attempts were made to decontaminate the walnut meats without subsequent deleterious changes in flavor or texture. A treatment in coconut oil at 100 C followed by removal of excess surface oil by centrifugation was best.


Accelerated plaque formation by fowlpox virus in the presence of chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin enhanced fowlpox virus plaque formation in chick embryo cell cultures. A simplified plaque assay for fowlpox virus is described. Plaques were produced in 3 days when chymotrypsin was included in a serum-free fluid overlay. Plaques were also produced in 5 to 6 days under an agar overlay when a medium containing fetal calf serum was employed. Kinetics of plaque formation were also studied, and it was shown that fowlpox virus plaque diameters grow at a linear rate.


Atypical reactions of Escherichia coli on eosin methylene blue agar. Evidence is presented that atypical reactions of Escherichia coli on eosin methylene blue agar are due to variations in pH in localized areas of the medium.


Incidence of Clostridium botulinum type E in Alaskan salmon. The incidence of Clostridium botulinum type E in salmon captured in the coastal waters and rivers of Alaska during the 1968 commercial fishing season was determined.


Diluent composition and the recovery of Escherichia coli. The ability of 0.1% Trypticase (BBL) to maximize recovery of frozen Escherichia coli on Violet Red Bile Agar is presented.


Sporulation of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum. Good sporulation was induced in batch culture using carbon sources that have in common the effect of reducing growth rate.


Counterflow of galactosides in Escherichia coli.


Studies with fluorescein-conjugated antisera to growth hormones. 3. Localization and inhibition studies with antisera to porcine growth hormone.


The skin-grafted below-knee stump: can knee function be salvaged?


Fat embolism.

Fat embolism.


Synergistic effect of essential amino acids and glucose upon insulin secretion in man.


Diabetogenic action of alloxan following temporary interruption of arterial blood flow to pancreas in rats.


Basic science and human cardiac transplantation.


Regional activities within the human hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus.


Clinical remission in diabetes mellitus. Studies of insulin secretion.


Arthropods and allergy.

Arthropods and allergy.


Editorial: Robert Louis Stevenson.

Editorial: Robert Louis Stevenson.


Gram-negative infection following herniated lumbar intervertebral disc excision.


Arteriosclerosis--a problem in diagnosis, treatment and prevention.


Berberine in the treatment of diarrhoea of infancy and childhood.


The use of a bioassay for endotoxin in clinical infections.


The specificity and importance of humoral antibody in the protection of mice against intraperitoneal challenge with complement-sensitive and complement-resistant Salmonella.


Response of the rabbit ileal loop to cell-free products from Escherichia coli enteropathogenic for swine.


Infectious Diseases Society of America Bristol Award for distinguished achievement in the field of infectious diseases awarded to Thomas Francis, Jr., M.D. at the seventh meeting of the Society in Washington, D.C., October 25, 1969.


Production by Salmonella typhimurium of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, and its stimulation of growth in human serum.


Appraisal of the double isotope dilution techniques for the measurement of plasma aldosterone.


"William Harvey, Dr. of Physique and Chirurgery". "A man for all seasons".


Dysmenorrhea. A multifaceted syndrome.

Dysmenorrhea. A multifaceted syndrome.


Thomas George Wilson 1901-1969.

Thomas George Wilson 1901-1969.


Tissue distribution of exogenously administered, and endogenously accumulated octopamine in rats.


Studies on the pressure dressing in full-thickness skin grafting. I. Observations on human autografts.


Inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase by hydroxybenzenes and related compounds.


Significance of bacterial L-form in urinary infections, in particular, the mechanism in causing pyelonephritis.


Manic martyr in a delirious decade.

Manic martyr in a delirious decade.


St. Leonard's Hospital, York.

St. Leonard's Hospital, York.


Religion of a doctor.

Religion of a doctor.


Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria.


Primary myxosarcoma of leg.

Primary myxosarcoma of leg.


Anti-organ antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.


Selective elimination of the exonuclease activity of the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from Escherichia coli B by limited proteolysis. Purification of DNA polymerase from E. coli B has in two cases each time led to the isolation of two separate polymerase activities, enzyme A and enzyme B. Enzyme A was in contrast to enzyme B almost completely devoid of exonuclease activity. Each of the two enzymes yielded a single symmetrical activity peak in gel filtration chromatograms. From the elution volumes the molecular weights were estimated to be about 70,000 for enzyme A and about 150,000 for enzyme B. Treatment of enzyme B with subtilisin led to an increase of about 30 per cent of the polymerase activity while the exonuclease activity almost completely disappeared. The product of the subtilisin treatment (enzyme C) gave rise to a single symmetrical polymerase activity peak in a gel filtration chromatogram. The elution volume was identical to that obtained with enzyme A. It is concluded that enzyme A and enzyme C are formed by limited proteolysis of enzyme B.


Topological relationship of prophage lambda to the bacterial chromosome in lysogenic cells. X irradiation converts bacterial sex factor DNA covalent circles to more slowly sedimenting forms according to first order kinetics. The rate of conversion is greater for sex factors carrying lambda prophage than it is for nonlysogenized sex factors. The magnitude of the difference and the absence of covalent circular DNA from the product show that the prophage DNA is linearly inserted into the sex factor, as predicted by Campbell's model for lysogenization.


Energy coupling in the lactose transport system of Escherichia coli. A mutant (ML 308-22) was isolated from Escherichia coli ML 308, which had lost the normal capacity to accumulate lactose analogs despite an increase in the membrane carrier activity. The exit of thiomethylgalactoside was much faster than normal, accounting for the inability of the cell to maintain high intracellular concentrations of galactosides. Growth of the mutant on lactose was normal at high concentrations of sugar and impaired at low concentrations. This transport defect appeared to be limited to the lactose transport system as D-fucose and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake and accumulation were normal. It is inferred from the data that the mutant possessed a defect in the coupling of metabolic energy to lactose transport.


Gas and germ warfare: international legal history and present status.


Kinetics of neutralization of bacteriophage f2 by rabbit gamma-G-antibodies. The neutralization of bacteriophage f2 by intact gammaG-immunoglobulin or fragments is first order with respect to both bacteriophage and antibody. Minimum values for the rate constants are of the order of 10(7)M(-1) sec(-1). The temperature dependence of the rates corresponds to the activation parameters: DeltaHdouble dagger = 6.7 kcal mole(-1) and DeltaSdouble dagger = -4 cal deg(-1) mole(-1) (gammaG-immunoglobulin); DeltaHdouble dagger = 8.0 kcal mole(-1) and DeltaSdouble dagger = -0.9 cal deg(-1) mole(-1) (5S pepsin fragment); and DeltaHdouble dagger = 13.3 kcal mole(-1) and DeltaSdouble dagger = 12 cal deg(-1) mole(-1) (3.5S fragment). The kinetic observations are consistent with the view that the binding of a single antibody molecule can bring about phage neutralization. There are two ways in which a single antibody molecule can affect neutralization: (1) binding at or near some critical site on the phage may block its function, (2) binding may disturb the general architectural design of the protein shell of the phage. Although the rate of neutralization varied directly with antibody size, consideration of the activation parameters speaks against the dependence of neutralization on simple steric factors. Addition of antibodies directed against rabbit gammaG-immunoglobulin or the 5S pepsin fragment caused approximately a threefold neutralization enhancement. This enhancement may result from the detection of a class of infectious bacteriophage antibody complexes.


Cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the rabbit. I. The noninvolvement of the bone marrow antigen reactive cell in the transplant rejection reaction. Rabbits were subjected to 800 r total body irradiation to render them immunoincopetent with respect to the humoral immune response. These rabbits were, however, only slightly less capable of rejecting skin allografts than nonirradiated rabbits. Furthermore, the administration of normal or specifically "primed" bone marrow cells (bone marrow obtained from a rabbit injected one to two days previously with the spleen cells obtained from the prospective skin donor) did not enhance or inhibit the graft rejection reaction. It is concluded that the cells mediating the humoral immune response are different from those mediating the cellular immune response.


Polytropic montage: ribosomes examined in a tissue section. Electron micrographs of a variably titled specimen can be blended by computer to form an image of any selected specimen plane. Thus, one can examine a tissue section layer by layer with an effective depth of focus less than 30 A. Ribosomes so observed in rat liver have some resemblances to isolated, tungsten-shadowed particles.


Peptide chain termination. VI. Purification and site of action of S. PEPTIDE CHAIN TERMINATION IS A RESULT OF AT LEAST TWO EVENTS: terminator codon recognition and hydrolysis of peptidyl tRNA. A protein factor S, isolated from the supernatant of Escherichia coli B, stimulates fMet release. Factor S lowers the K(m) for terminator trinucleotides without altering the V(max) of release and therefore acts at terminator codon recognition. The S protein differs from initiation factors, elongation factor G, several forms of elongation factor T and release factors. The importance of the 2% Tu content in purified S is unresolved.


Retention or viral antigen in the cytoplasm of cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of an avian adenovirus. Immunofluorescent studies were made on chicken kidney cell cultures infected with various temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of an avian adenovirus, chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO), which grow well at the nonrestrictive temperature of 31 degrees , but fail to grow at the restrictive temperature of 40 degrees . At 40 degrees some mutants (ts 5, 8, and 10) accumulated viral antigen in the cytoplasm, but scarcely at all in the nucleus. However, at 31 degrees they accumulated the antigen in the nucleus like the wild-type strain at either 31 degrees or 40 degrees . These mutants seemed to complement each other in nuclear accumulation of antigen at 40 degrees . In cells infected with ts 8, the antigen remaining in the cytoplasm during incubation at 40 degrees was partially transferred to the nucleus even in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis when the temperature was lowered to 31 degrees . The results suggest that viral antigen produced in the cytoplasm is transported to the nucleus and that these ts mutants are defective in this process at 40 degrees .There are apparently two other types of ts mutant: one type (ts 3, 7, and 12), like the wild-type strain, showing nuclear accumulation of antigen at 40 degrees and the other (ts 6, 11, and 17) showing no, or only slight, formation of the antigen at 40 degrees .


Concerning the influence of integrated episomes on chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli. Two strains of Escherichia coli K12, C600, and DG163, in which the origins and directions of DNA replication had been mapped previously, were made lysogenic for lambda and lambdai434. The origins of replication in these lysogenic strains were located with respect to the prophage location by chromosome alignment and subsequent hybridization of (3)H-labeled lambda vir DNA with newly replicated and "old" DNA. The results obtained are consistent with similar origins of replication observed in the nonlysogenic strains. These findings suggest that DNA replication in these cells is under the control of the E. coli chromosomal replicon and is independent of the presence of the lambda replicon as predicted by the Jacob, Brenner, and Cuzin model of DNA replication.


Fifteen years of fear arousal: research on threat appeals: 1953-1968.


Allergic contact dermatitis from compositae.


Toxicogenesis in irradiated Atlantic cod and flounder at low storage temperatures. Annual report 1968. TID-25232.


Sulfhydryl inhibitors and pancreatic islet tissue.


Surgical-orthodontic treatment of a case of hemifacial microsomia.


Affinity and the immune response.

Affinity and the immune response.


Specificity of serological reactions: Landsteiner centennial. Opening remarks.


Specificity of serological reactions: Landsteiner centennial. Introductory remarks.


Conditions for the production of L-asparaginase 2 by coliform bacteria. Of 28 coliforms, five strains of Escherichia coli were particularly active in elaborating L-asparaginase 2, the form of the enzyme useful in the treatment of some forms of cancer. Since it is advantageous to start purification of the enzyme from highly active cells, cultural conditions necessary for good growth and high enzyme yield have been studied. Gentle aeration proved suitable for good growth as well as high enzyme content. Stationary cultures gave poor growth, whereas vigorous aeration gave good growth but resulted in a marked decrease in the enzyme content of the cells. L-Asparaginase 2 has been purified about 40-fold by a combination of ammonium sulfate and ethyl alcohol precipitations.


Microbiological evaluation of the vacuum probe surface sampler. The development of the vacuum probe, a new device for surface sampling, was recently reported. The original technique was slightly modified and a microbiological evaluation was conducted. The probe proved to be an effective sampling device, removing 98% and recovering 88% of surface contaminants resulting from the accumulation of airborne microorganisms. The probe was decidedly less effective in removing and recovering handling contamination than fallout contamination. There was also evidence that certain microorganisms could not survive prolonged exposure to airflow in the probe. However, the vacuum probe procedure recovered twice as many microorganisms as did the swab-rinse technique when compared directly.


Applicability of aeration and delayed addition of selenite to the isolation of salmonellae. The effect of aeration combined with the delayed addition of selenite on the lag period of several strains of salmonellae and other enterobacteria is reported. A procedure has been developed involving shaking of the sample in a basal medium for 4 hr at 37 C, adding selenite and cystine, and continuing shaking for 20 hr. Confirmation by selective plating, biochemical tests, and serology gave results comparable to the standard lactose pre-enrichment method with the saving of 24 hr and elimination of one set of media. Confirmation by fluorescent-antibody tests showed that fewer positive fluorescent stains were obtained from the aerated procedure than from the lactose pre-enrichment procedure. Precautions in the application of this procedure are discussed.


Clinical training in the practice of corrective therapy.


Pour plates or streak plates?

Pour plates or streak plates? The pour plate method of counting bacteria is more precise than the streak plate method, but, on the average, it will give a lower count.


Transferable drug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cases of neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets. Fecal specimens were collected on 22 different Nebraska ranches and at the Department of Veterinary Science from young calves and pigs with neonatal diarrhea. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from these fecal specimens were screened for resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfamethizole, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, colistin, nitrofurantoin, and nalidixic acid. Of the 92 strains studied, 57 were resistant to one or more of these antimicrobial agents. Resistant strains were obtained from all herds involved in the study. The two most common resistance patterns were tetracycline streptomycin sulfamethizole (22 of 57) and tetracycline (13 of 57). None of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, colistin, nitrofurantoin, or nalidixic acid. The 57 resistant strains were studied to determine whether the resistance was transferable. Forty-three of the 57 resistant strains could transfer part or all of their resistance pattern to a drug-sensitive recipient. The 43 R(+) strains were obtained from 17 of the 23 herds studied. Considerable variation was observed between different R(+) strains in the frequency of transfer of resistance to a particular drug. In addition, variation in the frequency of transfer of different resistance determinants in individual R(+) strains was noted.


Salmonella types isolated from the gulf of Aarhus compared with types from infected human beings, animals, and feed products in Denmark. A 2-year examination for Salmonella was conducted in the gulf of Aarhus, which receives waste water from local industries and from about 100,000 inhabitants. An approximately rectilinear relationship is shown between the most probable number of Escherichia coli and species of Salmonella. Salmonella species can be demonstrated with the same frequency in inlets and outlets of the treatment plants. Data on the distribution of Salmonella types in the gulf of Aarhus and in Oeresound outside Copenhagen (1 million inhabitants) in 1966 and 1968 and the distribution in man, animals, and feeding stuff during the period 1960 to 1968 in Denmark as a whole are shown. This indicates that the classical chain of infection (feed stuff-animals-food-man) is without importance in Denmark, and that a great nlumber of the human cases may be due to increasing communication, because severa of the demonstrated types have been found neither in feed stuff nor in animals in this period. We suggest that E. coli counts, currently used in examination of waters receiving effluents of streams and sewage treatment plants, should be supplemented at intervals with qualitative Salmonella examinations.


Improved medium for detecting deoxyribonuclease-producing bacteria. Incorporation of methyl green dye into an agar medium containing deoxyribo-nucleic acid results in an improved medium for detecting deoxyribonuclease-producing bacteria. Use of the dye makes it unnecessary to use acid to demonstrate deoxyribonuclease activity, thus allowing subculture or reincubation of colonies. The improved medium is highly sensitive and can be used for primary isolation of Staphylococcus aureus or group A Streptococcus pyogenes.


Auxiliary canine liver transplantation from cadaver donors.


Chemical and physical properties of Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase.


A historical review of British paediatrics.


Articular cartilage changes in early arthritis.


Structure of the binding site of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase.


Spinal dysraphism. A case report.

Spinal dysraphism. A case report.


Anatomical dissertation on muscular variations presented after gracious decision before the Medical Board ... the thirteenth day of March 1813.


Richard Wiseman: his contributions to English surgery.


Radiation carcinogenesis.

Radiation carcinogenesis.


The anthropological writings of Theophil Mitchell Prudden (1849-1924).


The effects of albuminuria upon vision, Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 2:14-20, 1862.


Smallpox in New York City, 1868-1870. From Discussion on the teachings of Jenner and the lessons of experience concerning vaccination, by E. Harris et al Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 4:137-42, 1872.


Malaria treatment and prevention. A review.


In vitro fertilization of rabbit ova: time sequence of events.


The role of Hungarian dentists in the history of odontology.


Sustained-release tranquilizer therapy in hospitalized geriatric patients.


Therapeutic comparison of iron alone and iron in combination with other haematinics.


Auxiliaries and the team concept in dental manpower.


Has clinical research failed in its public trust?


Modified technics in mandibular preprosthetic surgery.


Primary reticulum-cell sarcoma of the mandible: report of case.


The effects of early corticosteroid therapy on the skin eruption and pain of herpes zoster.


The Joseph B. Mathews oration. The life and contributions of John Arderne.


Heart to heart.

Heart to heart.


George McClellan (1796-1847), Philadelphia surgeon.


Exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris: daily variation and effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate.


Significance of meal frequency in man.

Significance of meal frequency in man.


A mutant of Escherichia coli K12 exhibiting varying ultraviolet sensitivities depending on the temperature of incubation after irradiation. II. Cross-sensitivity, recovery in liquid and genetic analysis.


Thomas Jefferson: administrator, practitioner, and patient.


Sodium dehydrocholate hypersensitivity in man.


APTA chapter presidents.

APTA chapter presidents.


Radiation--sensitive and recombinationless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium.


A phenomenological-existential view of causation in relation to projective data.


UV-induction of reversions to prototrophy susceptible to mutation frequency decline.


Repair of fil+ phenotype by streptomycin.


Music therapy: a valuable adjunct to psychotherapy with children.


Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 sensitive to ultraviolet and temperature.


Recombination in Escherichia coli. 3. Mapping by the gradient of transmission.


DNA synthesis in sensitive and resistant mutants of Escherichia coli B after ultraviolet irradiation.


Locus of the mutation responsible for the Hcr property of strain WP-2 hcr of Escherichia coli.


Recent progress in medical ultrasonics.

Recent progress in medical ultrasonics.


History of the Wisconsin Maternal Mortality Study and Survey Committee.


The prophylaxis of folate deficiency in pregnancy.


A comparison of the antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin and two nitrofuran compounds on experimental Escherichia coli pyelonephritis.


The fate of fragments of liver implanted in ectopic sites.


Edwin E. Osgood, M.D.

Edwin E. Osgood, M.D.


Hypofibrinogenemia due to L-asparaginase: studies of fibrinogen survival using autologous 131-I-fibrinogen.


The inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis by L-asparaginase.


Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the cervical region. cA case report.


Gastric secretion, gastric antibody status and pernicious anaemia in carcinoma of the stomach.


Sporotrichosis of bones and joints. Review of the literature and report of six cases.


Quantitation of new bone formation in intramuscular implants of bone matrix in rabbits.


Current views on the clinical pharmacology of the barbiturates.


A new method for arthrodesis of an ankle joint.


Dr. Vishnuprasad B. Mankad 1899-1968.

Dr. Vishnuprasad B. Mankad 1899-1968.


Dr. Bhagwan Swarup Bhatnagar.

Dr. Bhagwan Swarup Bhatnagar.


Maj. H. K. Indra 1902-1968.

Maj. H. K. Indra 1902-1968.


A note on the relationships between the Draw-a-Man test, the Progressive Matrices test, and conservation.


Cardiac output in middle-aged patients determined with CO2 rebreathing method.


Supplemental phosphate in children with femoral fractures.


Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone disease in uremia.


Arno Benedict Luckhardt 1885-1957.

Arno Benedict Luckhardt 1885-1957.


Brookhaven National Laboratory. Publications, July 1, 1966-June 30, 1967. BNL 50057 (AS-21).


Brookhaven National Laboratory. Publications, July 1, 1968-June 30, 1969. BNL 50169 (AS-23).


Radiation effects on bacteria and bacteriophage. NYO-2740-6.


Growth and toxin production of Clostridium botulinum types E, nonproteolytic B, and F in nonirradiated and irradiated fisheries products in the temperature range of 38 degrees to 50 degrees F. TID-25231.


Discussion of disseminated intravascular coagulation in decompression sickness. SMRL Report No. 585.


Mechanisms and regulation of polyamine and putrescine biosynthesis in male genital glands and other tissues of mammals.


The utilization of food industries wastes.


Cat-scratch disease; notes on its history.


Starch in the lungs of newborns following positive pressure ventilation.


Epidemic Salmonella gastroenteritis due to contaminated imitation ice cream.


Premature rupture of the fetal membranes. A review.


Blood volume changes and blood loss associated with labor. I. Correlation of changes in blood volume measured by I-131 albumin and Evans blue dye, with measured blood loss.


Treatment of dysmenorrhea. A comparative double blind study.


Measurements of umbilical blood flow and vascular volume by dye dilution.


Clinical and laboratory studies on vaginal trichomoniasis.


On the origins of New World paleopathology.


Colonial gravestones and demography.

Colonial gravestones and demography.


Hans Hoff, 1897-1969.

Hans Hoff, 1897-1969.


Prevention of intramammary infections by milking time hygiene.


Scanning electron microscopy of normal and abnormal hair shafts.


Syphilis and biologic false positive reactors among leprosy patients.


The nature of pain.

The nature of pain.


The role of the limbic system in pain interpretation.


Stereotaxic approaches to pain problems.


Wepsic JG: Control of pain by focal electrical stimulation for supression.


Psychometric considerations in patient selection for pain control procedures.


Who speaks for microbiology?

Who speaks for microbiology?


The thermodynamics of interaction between Sephadex and penetrating solutes. 1. We have measured the partition coefficients of bovine serum albumin with Sephadex grades G-100, G-150 and G-200, and of a dextran ([unk](n) 19700) and a polyethylene glycol ([unk](n) 8000) with Sephadex G-200. We have also measured the effects of these solutes on the inner volumes of the grades of Sephadex. 2. The results can be described with fair consistency by means of a simple thermodynamic treatment that makes use of the virial coefficients of Sephadex and of the solute, and of a coefficient that expresses their interaction. This coefficient is related to the ;exclusion volume' of Sephadex for the solutes. 3. The Sephadex G-200-polyethylene glycol system shows anomalies of behaviour that are ascribed to the occurrence of ;incompatible' phase separation within the Sephadex beads.


Samuel Bernard Wortis 1904-1969.

Samuel Bernard Wortis 1904-1969.


Experimental transfusions of frozen blood contaminated with E. coli.


Bacterial flora of the stomach in patients with viral hepatitis.


Prof. Wiktor Dega, M.D.

Prof. Wiktor Dega, M.D.


The history of the Institute of Hematology in Warsaw (1951-1968).


Antigenic and chromatographic identity of two apparently distinct toxins of Clostridium botulinum type A.


Infection thread formation as a basis of nodulation specificity in Rhizobium--strawberry clover associations.


Penicillinase in urine with high bacterial counts.


Alternate pressurization-depressurization effects on growth and net protein, RNA and DNA synthesis by Escherichia coli and Vibrio marinus.


The value of safety belts: a review.

The value of safety belts: a review. The literature is reviewed to ascertain the values and dangers of safety belts. They are said to reduce the risk of major or fatal injury in impacts by nearly 60%. An incidence of abdominal trauma of the order of 0.5% is ascribed to the safety belt, and in addition there is a low incidence of a specific type of spinal fracture. The safety belt has not been shown to make injuries worse, and in causing injuries of its own has prevented more serious ones. The design of the safety belt is discussed; the three-point (lap-and-diagonal) belt is probably the best type for automobiles currently available. Recent research suggests that more sophisticated restraint systems may make survival possible in very severe impacts.


Radial nerve palsy. (case P28).

Radial nerve palsy. (case P28).


Chromatography of mold metabolites. I. Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and related compounds.


A lesson from the past.

A lesson from the past.


Hereditary nephropathy with hematuria (Alport's syndrome). Among 82 members and four generations of a French-Canadian family, 14 cases of hereditary nephropathy (Alport's syndrome) were documented. Five additional members of the family had died, probably because of this same illness. Deafness occurred in five family members with nephropathy and in one without renal disease. Ten of 12 affected males died in uremia before they had reached the age of 40 years. One of seven affected females died following a pregnancy. In two surviving patients, special investigations failed to elicit intrinsic tubular defects such as amino-aciduria, renal tubular acidosis, hyperphosphaturia or renal glucosuria. Systemic illness such as abnormal aminoacids in serum, primary hyperoxaluria, diabetes mellitus and infections were also excluded. Immunological defects were not demonstrable and the staining of renal biopsy tissue with fluorescein-labelled anti-beta(1)c, anti-IgG and antifibrinogen was negative. Renal tissue material of early, advanced and terminal hereditary nephropathy showed both tubular and interstitial, vascular and glomerular lesions. Electronmicroscopy showed marked thickening of tubular and glomerular basement membranes, increase of mesangial tissue and fusion of foot processes but failed to demonstrate "immune deposits." It is postulated therefore that hereditary nephropathy results from an inborn error of metabolism where an as yet unidentified metabolite damages the renal tissue as well as the acoustic nerve, analogous perhaps to the action of certain drugs, e.g. nephro-ototoxic antibiotics.


The O'Dwyer tube; development and use in laryngeal diphtheria.


Enzyme activities in human liver.

Enzyme activities in human liver.


Pediatric gastroenterology. A review.

Pediatric gastroenterology. A review.


Suppression of a missense mutation in the L-ribulokinase gene of Escherichia coli.


The galactose operon of E. coli K-12. I. Structural and pleiotropic mutations of the operon.


The galactose operon of E. coli K-12. II. A deletion analysis of operon structure and polarity.


Comparison of radioactive tracer and other methods in epidemiologic surveillance.


The problems and results of an incidence study of the spores of Clostridium botulinum in convenience foods.


Effect of U.V.-irradiated DNA containing 5-bromouracil on reactivation U.V. damage in phage lambda.


Conformation of U.V.-irradiated DNA.

Conformation of U.V.-irradiated DNA.


Radiation sensitizers in ultra-violet irradiation of cellular systems.


Lymphatic drainage of 131-I-albumin from the vascularized cornea.


Professor Heinz Steinitz on his sixtieth birthday.


Effect of sutures on corneal curvatures after cataract extraction.


Notes on the history of nutrition in America.


Harvey Cushing, a surgical mastermind.

Harvey Cushing, a surgical mastermind.


Obituary. Dr. B.L. Kapur.

Obituary. Dr. B.L. Kapur.


Scanning-beam electron microscopy of selected microorganisms.


Infectious Diseases Society of America Squibb Award for General Excellence in the field of infectious diseases awarded to Robert M. Chanock, M.D. at the seventh meeting of the Society in Washington, D.C., October 25, 1969.


Direct coronary artery surgery with distal coronary artery perfusion.


Carcinoma of the cervical esophagus.

Carcinoma of the cervical esophagus.


Comparison of acetylmethadol and methadone in the treatment of long-term heroin users. A pilot study.


Accidental narcosis. Contamination of compressed air system.


Thoracic duct lymphocyte depletion for renal allografts.


Paul Bert (1833-1886), aviation physiologist.


Birth defects in child of male recipient of kidney transplant.


The use of dynamic renal imaging studies in the management of renal transplant recipients.


Treatment with thioridazine of emotionally disturbed children in a day hospital.


Peer review.

Peer review.


A history of Davis Hospital.

A history of Davis Hospital.


Comparison of the fates of Ag-B locus compatible homografts of skin and hearts in inbred rats.


Brain mechanisms and motivation.

Brain mechanisms and motivation.


Simple method of subtyping human G-myeloma proteins based on sensitivity to pepsin digestion.


Position of the initiator and peptidyl sites in the E. coli ribosome.


Inhibition of primary antibody response by E. coli asparaginase.


Aberrant mRNA in Parkinsonism: support for hypothesis from studies with chloramphenicol.


Laterality differences in perception: a review.


Current bibliography on allergy and applied immunology.


Aetiology of migraine and prevention with carbamazepine (Tegretol): results of a double-blind, cross-over study.


Folic acid deficiency anemia.

Folic acid deficiency anemia.


Introduction to the "nutritional anemias".


Anemia associated with protein deficiency.


Vitamin B12 metabolism and megaloblastic anemia.


The sideroblastic anemias.

The sideroblastic anemias.


Psychologic effects of prolonged starvation in extreme obesity.


Multipurpose flaps for primary reconstruction of large head and neck defects.


Jeryl Lynn Strain Live Attenuated Mumps Virus vaccine in a private pediatric practice.


Determining the reversibility of airway obstruction.


A review of rectal biopsy.

A review of rectal biopsy.


Clinically significant mycobacteria.

Clinically significant mycobacteria.


"The Oslerian tradition" (William Osler).


Collateral circulation of renal autotransplants.


Heterologous antilymphocyte serum (ALS) hastens the appearance of methylcholanthrene-induced tumours in mice.


A model for determining haplotype immunogenicity.


The intrinsic innervation of human renal homotransplants.


Viability of frozen and stored marrow.

Viability of frozen and stored marrow.


The immunosuppressive effects of adamantoyl cytarabine. II. Effects on skin allograft rejection by rats and mice.


DNA and RNA measurements on thoracic duct lymphocytes of patients undergoing renal transplantation.


Investigation of heterotopically transplanted dog hearts after preservation.


Methane production in ruminants and its significance.


Growth rate of Sphaerotilus in a thermally polluted environment. In situ growth of Sphaerotilus on microscope slides immersed in a thermally polluted stream was studied. Ultraviolet radiation was used to differentiate between passive attachment of organisms from the water and growth of the organisms on the slides. Colonization of the slides in this environment took place solely by means of swarmer cells. A generation time of 2.3 hr was obtained at a water temperature of 18-22 C.


Production of the monamycins, novel depsipeptide antibiotics. Methods are described for the production of the monamycins by Streptomyces jamaicensis in shake flasks and jar fermentors. The effects on the fermentation of variations in pH, temperature, medium composition, volume of inoculum, and strain of the organism are discussed. The methods employed for the extraction and for the microbiological assay of the antibiotics are outlined.


Differentiation of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and E by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography. Vegetative cells and spores of 10 strains of Clostridium botulinum representing types A, B, and E were grown in Trypticase-peptone-sucrose-yeast extract (TPSY) medium. Five type E strains were also grown in Multipeptone-sucrose-Nutramino acids (MSN) medium. Lyophilized samples were subjected to pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography (PGLC) analysis, and the resulting pyrograms were examined for variations in elution patterns between spores and vegetative cells of types A, B, and E grown in the TPSY medium and spores and vegetative cells of type E grown in the TPSY medium and spores and vegetative cells of type E grown in TPSY and MSN media. Growth and toxin production of all 10 strains of C. botulinum were investigated by using a modified dialysis sac culture technique. The dialysate supernatant fluid (DSF) obtained after centrifugation of the 5-day-old cultures from the dialysate was also subjected to PGLC analysis. Control samples consisting of (i) noninoculated DSF, (ii) noninoculated DSF plus partially purified toxin, and (iii) 1.0 mg of partially purified toxin were also analyzed by PGLC. Differences between pyrograms of cultures were suitable for positive identification at the type level but not at the strain level. Pyrograms permitting differentiation were also obtained between spores and vegetative cells as well as between the same cultures grown in different media. The dialysis sac technique was useful in detecting growth but not toxin production of C. botulinum.


Interaction of staphylococcal alpha toxin and the estrogenic hormone diethylstilbestrol. Previous work in this laboratory showed that diethylstilbestrol was capable of suppressing induced furunculosis in rabbits. The present study indicates that the synthetic estrogenic hormone diethylstilbestrol which is used for acne, estrogen deficiency, cancer, and other disorders, can reduce the cytolytic action of staphylococcal alpha toxin. The cytotoxic action of purified alpha toxin for tissue cultures was evaluated by use of such parameters as total and viable cell counts, glucose, and protein determination, and cytopathic effects (CPE) in the presence and absence of steroids. To 3-day-old primary rabbit baby kidney tissue cultures, 1 to 5 mug of diethylstilbestrol per ml was added; growth of tissue cultures in Eagles medium was continued till the 6th day, and then one tissue cytopathic dose per milliliter of alpha toxin was added, and the subsequent fate of tissue cultures was assayed. Such cultures yielded higher total and viable cell counts, utilized more glucose, and contained more protein than the control cultures. In control cultures, CPE was observed on the 3rd hr after the addition of alpha toxin, and it was complete in 24 hr, whereas in tissue cultures treated with diethylstilbestrol, the CPE was significantly reduced. The data presented in this study made possible the availability of a suppressor of the cytolytic action of alpha toxin and might be useful in assaying the action of alpha toxin in an in vitro inexpensive test system.


Donald Henry Barron.

Donald Henry Barron.


Laboratory identification of Torulopsis glabrata: typical appearance on routine bacteriological media. The colonial morphology of the yeast Torulopsis glabrata on sheep blood-agar is characteristic and was useful in the identification of 24% of clinical isolates.


Identification of Mycobacterium kansasii by susceptibility to hydroxylamine. Among biochemical tests useful in the study of mycobacteria, the hydroxylamine test is shown to be an effective tool in the differentiation of Mycobacterium kansasii from saprophytic strains of group III acid-fast bacilli when combined with the photochromogen test.


Antimicrobial action of some citrus fruit oils on selected food-borne bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils, terpineol, and orange oil, in particular, varied according to the type of bacteria tested. Terpineol and other terpeneless fractions of citrus oils appeared to have greater inhibitory effect on food-borne bacteria than the other citrus oils or derivatives. Gram-positive bacteria were, in general, more sensitive to essential oils than gram-negative bacteria. Terpineol extended the shelf life of commercially pasteurized skim milk, low-fat milk, and whole milk for more than 56 days at 4 C. Orange oil extended the shelf life of skim milk and low-fat milk for the same period.


Cross-agglutination reaction in Candida albicans and enteric bacilli. Cross-reactivity between Candida albicans and representative Enterobacteriaceae was investigated by agglutination methods. It was observed that anti-Candida serum reacted to certain groups of salmonellae and shigellae. The only antiserum against the enteric bacilli that reacted with Candida was Salmonella C(1). When anti-Candida serum was adsorbed with C. albicans or S. montevideo, all the activity was removed. However, when the anti-Salmonella serum was adsorbed with the antigens, Salmonella adsorbed the whole antibody activity, whereas Candida removed only its corresponding antibody.


Method for isolation and identification of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis). A method for the clinical isolation and recognition of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis) is presented. Wet mount and stained characteristics of genital tract discharges, cellular and colonial morphology of the bacilli, inhibition by H(2)O(2), lack of a catalase, and fermentation of particular carbohydrates are the determinant factors. The method enables differentiation of the species from unclassified diphtheroids common to the genitourinary tract.


Comparison of antistreptolysin O latex screening test with the antistreptolysin O hemolytic test. This report describes a comparison of the Behringwerke antistreptolysin O (ASO) latex screening test with the ASO hemolytic test. Agreement between the two tests was poor when Difco streptolysin O (SLO) reagent was employed in the hemolytic test; approximately 34% of the sera with ASO titers in the normal range of the hemolytic test gave false-positive latex test reactions. However, the percentage of false-positive latex test reactions was only 5% when Behringwerke SLO reagent was used in the hemolytic test. An assay of the Difco and Behringwerke SLO reagents against an ASO standard indicated that the Difco SLO reagent was more potent than the Behringwerke SLO reagent. The lack of agreement between the Behringwerke latex test and the hemolytic test using Difco SLO reagent is attributed to the potency of the SLO reagents.


Innervation of the vertebrate heart as studied with the electron microscope.


Repression of induction by U.V. of lambda phage by exrA mutations in Escherichia coli.


Isolation of a Golgi apparatus-rich fraction from rat liver. I. Method and morphology. Golgi apparatus were released without fixatives from rat hepatocytes by gentle homogenization, concentrated by differential centrifugation, and purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Examination of sections of purified fractions by electron microscopy showed fields of morphologically intact units of Golgi apparatus consisting of stacks of parallel flattened cisternae, secretory vesicles, and small vesicular profiles. Negative staining of unfixed pellets revealed a complex network of anastomotic tubules continuous with platelike structures and secretory vesicles. These structures corresponded, respectively, to the small vesicular profiles and parallel flattened cisternae with attached secretory vesicles of sectioned material. Small fragments of granular endoplasmic reticulum were often closely associated with the peripheral tubules, suggesting sites of continuity in intact hepatocytes.


Pituitary apoplexy.

Pituitary apoplexy.


Immediate cessation of transcription of an operator-proximal segment of the tryptophan operon in Escherichia coli following repression of the operon.


Acetylhistidine as substrate for acetylornithinase: a new system for the selection of arginine regulation mutants in Escherichia coli.


Lymnaea natalensis laboratory culture and production of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae.


The effect of hydrocortisone, a steroid hormone, on antibacterial activity of fusidic acid, a steroid antibiotic.


Control of fatty acid composition in phospholipids of Escherichia coli: response to fatty acid supplements in a fatty acid auxotroph. The effect of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids of a mutant of E. coli has been examined. These exogenous acids serve as growth factors for an auxotroph requiring unsaturated fatty acids. When each member of a structurally homologous series of cis-unsaturated fatty acids serves as a growth factor, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acid present in phospholipids increases with increasing chain length or decreasing number of double bonds in the apolar chain of the supplement. At 37 degrees , trans-octadecenoic acids support growth and are incorporated into phospholipids at levels higher than the corresponding cis-acids. However, a temperature shift to 27 degrees with trans-acids results in loss of viability and lysis. Utilization of cis-acids as supplements at decreasing temperatures between 42 degrees and 27 degrees results in increasing amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids with decreasing temperature. These observations suggest the operation of a regulatory mechanism which controls the composition of saturated versus unsaturated acids in order to maintain the physical properties of phospholipids within narrow limits.


Infection of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts by tobacco mosaic virus. It was proved that the protoplasts prepared from mesophyll of Nicotiana tabacum are infected by tobacco mosaic virus. The infection occurred when purified tobacco mosaic virus particles were added to a protoplast suspension in the presence of poly-L-ornithine. The virus multiplied in these protoplasts to a level of 10(6) virus particles per infected protoplast during 24 hours of incubation. The efficiency of infection was remarkably high, exceeding that by mechanical inoculation of tobacco leaves.


Mitotic abnormalities in sea urchin embryos exposed to Dactinomycin. Dactinomycin at concentrations of 10, 20, 25, and 50 mug/ml causes mitotic abnormalities in sea urchin embryos. Sister chromosome separation is impaired and anaphase bridges are frequently formed. The result is an unequal distribution of the chromosome complement to daughter cells. Possible explanations are discussed.


Analysis of the chloramphenicol-sensitive and chloramphenicol-resistant steps in the initiation of DNA synthesis in E. coli B-r. Two processes that are required for the initiation of a new round of bacterial DNA synthesis and which are blocked by low and high concentrations of chloramphenicol, respectively, have been examined in order to determine the cell age at which each of these processes occurs as a function of growth rate. The timing of these steps in the life cycle was determined by observing changes in the variation with cell age of the rate of DNA synthesis during growth in medium containing chloramphenicol of the desired concentration. For cell-doubling times ranging from 27 to 49 minutes, it was found that the step which is resistant to low concentrations of chloramphenicol occurs at the cell age at which a new round of DNA synthesis is initiated. The chloramphenicol-sensitive step was found to occur about 21 minutes before the start of rounds, independent of growth rate for doubling times between 27 and 49 minutes. For doubling of times 41 minutes or less, the chloramphenicol-sensitive processes occurred within five minutes after cell division.


Some observations on the near ultraviolet circular dichroism of tRNA from E. coli. The circular dichroism arising from 4-thiouridine residues in E. coli transfer RNA has been studied under conditions in which the secondary and tertiary structure of the macromolecule is either intact or totally disrupted. Studies on both unfractionated tRNA and on highly purified species of methionine-, valine-, and lysine-specific tRNA suggest that the circular dichroism of the 4-thiouridine residue is highly sensitive to its local environment in the macro-molecule and reveal interesting differences between these purified species. A new chromophore, resembling 4-thiouridine in some respects but showing distinctive chemical and optical properties, has been detected. The implications of these results on model-building studies of tRNA are discussed.


A protein inhibitor of acid deoxyribonucleases. A protein extracted and partially purified (about 100-fold) from mouse liver is able to inhibit the acid DNases from different tissues and species, whereas pancreatic DNase and E. coli endonuclease I are not inhibited. The acid DNase displays typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the absence of this inhibitor, but the kinetics become sigmoidal in its presence. The existence of a DNase-inhibitor complex is demonstrated by physicochemical experiments. Moreover, the inhibitor is able to reactivate the DNase treated by urea, probably through a reassociation of the inactive monomers to a dimeric state. An allosteric model in which the DNase-inhibitor complex is composed of catalytic (DNase) and regulatory (inhibitor) subunits could explain these data.


A mutation which changes a membrane protein of E. coli. A temperature-sensitive mutant of E. coli, which cannot synthesize DNA at high temperature but can continue cell division, shows a difference in a membrane protein fraction at high temperature by gel electrophoresis. This mutation of a bacterial membrane protein is unique. The protein may link DNA replication and cell division through the membrane.


On-going national collaborative studies in the United Kingdom.


On-going national collaborative studies in the United States of America, by the Veterans Administration.


Glycine inhibition of asparaginase.

Glycine inhibition of asparaginase. Administration of either Escherichia coli asparaginase or guinea pig serum to C3H/HE mice with the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma is followed by depression of glycine in the tumor. This decrease in cellular glycine concentration does not occur in a tumor resistant to asparaginase. The inhibition of the lymphosarcoma by asparaginase can be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of asparagine or glycine. This reversal appears to be specific because lysine, threonine, serine, and aspartic acid were ineffective. Loss of cellular glycine may be more important than loss of asparagine because of the requirement for glycine in purine synthesis.


Postnatal muscle fiber assembly: localization of newly synthesized myofibrillar proteins. Addition of newly synthesized contractile proteins to striated muscle during postnatal life was studied by labeling young rat diaphragms in vitro with (3)H-leucine and extracting the soluble proteins in glycerol. The grain distribution over glycerinated fibers in electron microscopic autoradiographs indicates that new myofibrillar proteins are added about the periphery of existing fibrils.


Fibrils and lattice-like intranuclear structures in nuclei of neurons.


On the distribution of mineral salt in autogenous bone grafts in man.


Fluorescent studies of antibodies to rabbit male urogenital tissue.


Configuration of the neoglottis: an x-ray study.


Resistance to drugs and infectious drug resistance in Escherichia coli.


Dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae in a patient receiving dapsone in low doses.


Temperature and blood flow in macules of lepromatous leprosy.


Some new developments in immunocytochemistry.


Neil Duncan Fraser, 1900-1969.

Neil Duncan Fraser, 1900-1969.


Address to professor Ashton on the occasion of the Donders' Medal Award.


Long-term corticosteroid therapy and its effect on the kidney.


The interaction of alcohol and meprobamate in man.


Methods of clinical evaluation of rifampicin-activity.


Rifampicin in newly detected, untreated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.


Controlled study on rifampicin in first treatment of fresh cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.


A cooperative study on rifampicin in original treatment of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.


Epidemic acute glomerulonephritis associated with type 49 streptococcal pyoderma. II. Correlative study of light, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic findings.


Skeletal tuberculosis. A review with patient presentations and discussion.


Renal transplantation.

Renal transplantation.


Cryohypophysectomy for diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmological and endocrine correlation.


Convalescent carriers of Vibrio cholerae. Detection and detailed investigation.


Human rabies encephalitis in Vietnam.

Human rabies encephalitis in Vietnam.


Medical aspects of oral contraceptives.

Medical aspects of oral contraceptives.


Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Indomethacin--its rightful place in treatment.


Digestion: intestinal secretion.

Digestion: intestinal secretion.


The functional organization of invertebrate ganglia.


The road a scientist followed. Notes of Japanese physiology as I myself experienced it.


Central pathways of vision.

Central pathways of vision.


Pain.

Pain.


Systemic circulation: local control.

Systemic circulation: local control.


Reproduction.

Reproduction.


Comparative physiology: electric organs.


Endocrine regulation of calcium metabolism.


The lymphoid system.

The lymphoid system.


Skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle.


Ribosomes: development of some current ideas.


Cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis in Schizophyllum commune.


Nicotinic acid in the prevention and treatment of methionine-induced exacerbation of psychopathology in schizophrenics.


Genetics and chemistry of bacterial flagella.


Clinical experience with lithium carbonate.


Variables affecting Wolpean systematic desensitization.


The place of thiothixene in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. A systematic clinical study.


"Du suicide". F. A. H. LaRue, M.D. (1833-1881).


Microbial content in non-sterile pharmaceuticals. VI. Oral liquid preparations.


A preliminary report on the clinical evaluation of a new antihypertensive--GO. 1507--CIBA.


Masks as a psychotherapeutic modality: a hypothesis.


Sickle cell disease associated with beta thalasemia: report of a case.


An analysis of the inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage with antiserum.


Influence of fungal plasmocoagulase on some microbial infections.


The work of Wilfred Bion on groups.

The work of Wilfred Bion on groups.


Reaggregation of dissociated cells of sea urchin embryos.


Interacting genetic systems in Paramecium.


Morphogenetic aspects of acrosome formation and reaction.


Genome transcription in fish development.


The migration and differentiation of neural crest cells.


The epidemiology of Charles-Edward Amory Winslow.


Protein secreting cells in the normal middle ear mucosa of the guinea pig. An autoradiographic investigation.


Growth of Escherichia coli on some organophosphonic acids.


Berberine sulfate: antimicrobial activity, bioassay, and mode of action.


The resistance of Escherichia coli to oxytetracycline.


Lysogeny in the mycobacteria. II. Alterations of bacterial antigens mediated by mycobacteriophage.


Cardiac output: rapid estimation from indicator dilution curves using a new Nomogram.


The influence of size and shape of kidney tissue from newborn and mature rats on the uptake of amino acid.


A leucocyte migration technique for in vitro detection of cellular (delayed type) hypersensitivity in man.


Preanaesthetic medication with BP 400--a new antaminic drug. A comparison with atropine and scopolamine.


Radiocardiography. Haemodynamics in normal subjects.


Radiocardiographic detection of cardiac left-to-right shunts.


Immunocyte depression induced by cyclophosphamide in rats.


Infantile pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Three cases treated successfully by delayed autogenous by-pass graft, with some comments on the causative lesion.


Localization of hormones by autoradiography and other histochemical techniques. A critical review.


A new application for transvaginal plication in the treatment of girls with total urinary incontinence due to epispadias or hypospadias.


Determination of absorption of irrigating fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate by means of radioisotopes.


Removable purse-string suture of the vesical neck during suprapubic prostectomy.


Myelomeningocele. Current concepts in the treatment.


Vietnam malaria. Clinical experience with 50 patients.


Thymine-dimer and action-spectrum evidence for indirect photoreactivation in Escherichia coli.


The effect of A uvr mutation on rescue of U.V. irradiated Lon strains of Escherichia coli.


Current bibliography on allergy and applied immunology.


A selected bibliography on work evaluation.


The epidemiology of gastro-enteritis in infancy. 3.


Galen.

Galen.


Great men of the University of Bologna, Italy.


Diazoxide in the treatment of hypertension.


Pancreatic abscess secondary to Serratia marcescens.


Psychiatric considerations for center and home hemodialysis.


Psychiatric observations of renal homotransplantation.


Psychiatric considerations in patients receiving cadaveric renal transplants.


Species distribution of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group at the University of Kentucky Medical Center.


Solutions to problems in hypospadias repair.


Evolution of a surgical technic for retinal detachment.


The theory of retrojection of bile into the pancreas.


Body fluid compartments and exchangeable cation early after intracardiac operation.


The autopsy: a service and a teaching discipline.


125th anniversary salute. The Philadelphia birthplace of the American Psychiatric Association.


Special meeting in honor of Madame Curie. Address read May 23, 1921.


The custodianship of Rush-Jenner-Pasteur Lister-Curie mementos in the cabinet of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Held in succession by representative members of the medical profession of the United States.


Venerable but vigorous: the College of Physicians.


Thoracic outlet syndrome.

Thoracic outlet syndrome.


Memoir of Delazon Swift Bostwick 1893-1968.


Memoir of Theodore Cianfrani 1899-1968.

Memoir of Theodore Cianfrani 1899-1968.


Memoir of Walter S. Cornell 1877-1969.

Memoir of Walter S. Cornell 1877-1969.


Eugene L. Opie, M.D., ScD., LL.D.

Eugene L. Opie, M.D., ScD., LL.D.


Memoir of Lewis Kraeer Ferguson 1897-1968.