Clinical aspects of obstructive uropathy.


Renovascular hypertension.

Renovascular hypertension.


General model for the chromosomes of higher organisms.


Carcinogenic hydrocarbons and human cells in culture.


Changes in hepatic nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerase caused by growth hormone and triiodothyronine.


Transfer of nitrogen-fixation genes by conjugation in Klebsiella pneumoniae.


Metabolism of delta 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol by lung and liver homogenates of rats treated with methylcholanthrene.


Anoxia in mosquito pupae under insoluble monolayers.


Influence of histoincompatibility between mother and foetus on placental size in mice.


Effects of amphetamine on single cell activity in a catecholamine nucleus, the locus coeruleus.


Relationship between antibody-mediated immunosuppression and tolerance induction.


DDT in California sea lions.

DDT in California sea lions.


Light flashes produced in the human eye by extremely relativistic muons.


Light chains from fast and slow muscle myosins.


Chemical studies on light chains from cardiac and skeletal muscle myosins.


Chrysotile asbestos in urban air.

Chrysotile asbestos in urban air.


Dissociation and reassociation of RTF and r-determinants of the R-factor NR1 in Proteus mirabilis.


Effects of protease inhibitors on protein breakdown and enzyme induction in starving Escherichia coli.


Effect of R factors on rifampicin resistance in E. coli.


Co-transcription of 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli.


Tetracycline in the treatment of perioral dermatitis.


Clinical cytology in tumours of head and neck.


Specific heterologous enhancement of immune responses. In suspension cultures of mouse spleen cells, the addition of small amounts (1-100 ng) of a heterologous antigen to which the donor mice had been primed significantly increased the number of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaques appearing after stimulation with sheep erythrocytes. A similar addition to identical cultures from unprimed donors produced a small depression in the number of such plaques.


Lipopolysaccharide and aldoheptose biosynthesis in transketolase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Genetic and biochemical evidence that sedoheptulose-7-phosphate is an obligatory precursor of the L-glycero-D-mannoheptose residues of the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella was obtained by isolation and characterization of transketolase-negative mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. These mutants, which are defective in synthesis of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, were found to produce an incomplete heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide, and were also sensitive to bile salts, a characteristic property of heptose-deficient mutants. Phenotypic repair of the defect in lipopolysaccharide synthesis was obtained by addition of exogenous sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to growing cultures of the mutant strains. Characterization of revertants isolated either as transketolase-positive or heptose-positive provided further evidence that the heptose deficiency resulted from mutation at the transketolase locus. On the basis of these findings a possible pathway for conversion of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to L-glycero-D-mannoheptose is proposed.


On the control of the induction of  -galactosidase in synchronous cultures of Escherichia coli. The mode of induction of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) in synchronously growing cultures of two Hfr strains of Escherichia coli K12 was investigated. Cells can be induced to form the enzyme during any portion of the cell cycle; but when they are grown permanently in the presence of an inducer, enzyme synthesis is discontinuous. The interruption of beta-galactosidase synthesis appears to be geared to the growth cycle: it occurs when the cells are dividing actively. The observation that lac-specific messenger RNA is produced also in the absence of detectable enzyme synthesis suggests the existence of a control mechanism operating on the level of translation.


Transcriptional organization of the ribosomal RNA cistrons in Escherichia coli. The data presented support the hypothesis that 16S, 23S, and 5S ribosomal RNAs of Escherichia coli are transcribed in vivo from transcriptional units consisting of single cistrons for these species arranged in the order 16S-23S-5S, with transcription beginning at the 16S end.


Suppressive effect of immunization with mouse fetal antigens on growth of cells infected with Rauscher leukemia virus and plasma-cell tumors. The recovery of spleen cells infected with Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) and grown in Millipore diffusion chambers, the development of RLV-induced splenomegaly, and the cumulative mortality from a transplanted ascites plasma-cell tumor were all suppressed in young adult BALB/c male mice previously primed at 3-weekly intervals with x-irradiated, syngeneic embryo cells. RLV-induced splenomegaly was also suppressed by adoptive transfer of postpartal spleen cells, as well as spleen cells for animals primed with syngeneic embryo cells. Similar suppressions were not observed in mice primed with neonatal or normal syngeneic cells. Further, injection of fetal cells was not effective in suppressing the immune function of normal spleen cells, as measured by ability to elaborate a primary immunoglobulin M response to heterologous erythrocyte antigen. The results of this study add to the broad spectrum of tumors of experimental animals and man known to contain neoantigens common to fetal cells.


Divergence between immunosuppression and immunocompetence during virus-induced leukemogenesis. Mice were infected with Friend leukemia virus and later immunized with either Vibrio cholerae vaccine or sheep erythrocytes. The primary antibody response to the bacteria (as judged by the number of plaque-forming cells) was slightly enhanced by the viral infection, whereas the response to sheep erythrocytes was inhibited. The difference appeared due to sensitization of mice to antigens crossreacting with those of sheep erythrocytes; no natural immunity to V. cholerae is detectable. However, the response of mice infected with Friend leukemia virus to a secondary challenge with the cholera bacteria was markedly inhibited. Even though the number of plaque-forming cells during the primary response was not reduced, accumulation of the cells in distinct splenic foci was suppressed. These results suggest that the effect of Friend leukemia virus on immunocompetent cells is selective. The immune response appears to be susceptible to leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression only when there has been a previous stimulation of immunocytes by antigen.


Modification of a specific ribosomal protein catalyzed by leucyl, phenylalanyl-tRNA: protein transferase. Escherichia coli ribosomes washed with 1 M NH(4)Cl were found to function as acceptor for leucine and phenylalanine in the reaction catalyzed by leucyl, phenylalanyl-tRNA:protein transferase. When isolated subunits were acylated with [(14)C]phenylalanine and reisolated by gradient centrifugation, the recovered 30S particles had a specific radioactivity nearly 30 times that of similarly treated 50S particles. Autoradiography of gels, which contained protein from acylated 30S particles, that had been subjected to electrophoresis in 8 M urea and in sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggested that acceptor activity was largely due to a single protein with a molecular weight of about 12,000. Leucine and phenylalanine residues that had been transferred to ribosomal protein were reactive with fluorodinitrobenzene and were released as leucyl- or phenylalanylarginine after treatment with trypsin. The results indicate that leucyl, phenylalanyl-tRNA: protein transferase catalyzes the addition of these amino acids to an NH(2)-terminal arginine residue of a specific ribosomal protein on the 30S subunit.


Members of the National Academy of Sciences.


Direct computer diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease.


Orion Otis Feaster, M.D. 1893-1971.

Orion Otis Feaster, M.D. 1893-1971.


Roscoe Paul O'Bannon, M.D. 1896-1971.

Roscoe Paul O'Bannon, M.D. 1896-1971.


Isolation of the gal repressor.

Isolation of the gal repressor. The repressor of the galactose operon of Escherichia coli has been partially purified and identified as a protein. Induction of a lysogen in which lambda was linked to the bacterial galR and lysine genes resulted in a large increase in the production of the gal repressor. Single-step purification by affinity chromatography, using the ligand p-aminophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside linked to beaded agarose, provided a convenient method of separating the gal repressor from other DNA-binding proteins. Binding of gal repressor to lambdapgal[(32)P]DNA was studied by assay of binding to a nitrocellulose filter. Interaction between gal repressor and lambdapgal DNA showed a high degree of specificity; the dissociation constant of the complex was estimated to be 1.0 x 10(-12) M. Unlabeled lambdapgal DNA competed for binding to gal repressor, but lambdaDNA and lambdah80dlac DNA did not. Fucose and galactose, which function as inducers of the galactose operon in vivo, produced one-half maximal inhibition of gal repressor-lambdapgal DNA binding at concentrations of 5 x 10(-5) M.


Norval F. Zimmerman, M.D. 1921-1971.

Norval F. Zimmerman, M.D. 1921-1971.


Medical treatment of gastric ulcer.

Medical treatment of gastric ulcer.


Gastric analysis.

Gastric analysis.


Medicare--Part B. Coding guides and definitions.


Does malnutrition cause permanent mental retardation in human beings?


Bone marrow transplantation. A solution to renal allograft rejection in adult canines.


Elizabeth Blackwell, citzen and humanitarian.


Structural requirements for inhibition of yeast imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase by triazole and anion inhibitors.


Synergistic inhibition of plant imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase by aminotriazole and phosphate.


Current practices in chest roentgenography.


Hemorrhoidectomy.

Hemorrhoidectomy.


Wilhelm Reich's theory: ethical implications.


Chest reconstruction in thoracic dystrophy.


Cross-infection in infantile gastroenteritis.


Comparison of intravenous glucose tolerance tests and serum insulin levels in kwashiorkor and pellagra.


Dosage of oral salbutamol in asthmatic children.


Renal dysplasia in neurospinal dysraphism.


The use of proteases for improved presentation of DNA in chromosomes and chloroplasts of Prorocentrum micans (Dinophyceae).


Tongue-tie.

Tongue-tie.


Mary E. Switzer.

Mary E. Switzer.


Possible modes of organization of protein molecules in membranes.


Enzyme and membrane conformation in biochemical control.


Radioactive labelling of multiple-drug resistance factor in Escherichia coli.


Genetic expression of sex-factor after transfer into irradiated cells of Escherichia coli uvrA.


The occurrence, metabolism and functions of amines in plants.


Flooding versus desensitization in the treatment of phobic patients: a crossover study.


Classification and the British Glossary of Mental Disorders: some experience of its use.


The Windham case. The enquiry held in London in 1861 into the state of mind of William Frederick Windham, heir to the Felbrigg estate.


A controlled study of lithium vs. chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenics.


Evaluation of health service programs and levels of measurement.


The Galton-Körösi correspondence.

The Galton-Körösi correspondence.


The unfinished sexual revolution (Marie Stopes).


Study on the inhibition of brain glutamate decarboxylase by pyridoxal phosphate oxime-O-acetic acid.


Defective granulocyte chemotaxis in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. In vivo and in vitro studies of granulocyte chemotaxis were performed in three patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Rebuck skin windows showed a decreased accumulation of leukocytes at an inflammatory site. Studies in Boyden chambers documented a cellular defect in granulocyte chemotaxis. The chemotactic response of Chediak-Higashi cells by this technique averaged approximately 40% of normal and was consistently reduced using several different chemotactic stimuli. This deficit was magnified by shortening the chamber incubation time or by decreasing the pore size of the micropore filter and was independent of granulocytopenia. No abnormalities of passive motility, adhesiveness, viability, or pH optimum for migration were found in these cells. Chediak-Higashi serum contained no inhibitors of chemotaxis and was capable of generating normal amounts of chemotactic factors with the exception of one patient with the accelerated phase of the disease. Heterozygotes for the Chediak-Higashi trait had normal chemotactic function. This cellular defect in chemotaxis may contribute to the marked susceptibility to pyogenic infections which is so characteristic of patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome.


Effects of a nerve-growth factor, embryo age and metabolic inhibitors on growth of fibres and on synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein in embryonic sympathetic ganglia.


Chemistry and pharmacology of marijuana.


Characteristics of a highly purified pyrogenic lipopolysaccharide.


A new technique for rapid saphenous vein-coronary artery anastomoses.


Cardiac function after prolonged storage in an intermediate biologic host.


A low-pressure cuff for tracheostomy tubes to minimize tracheal injury. A comparative clinical trial.


Mitral valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley tilting-disc prosthesis.


Bacillus stearothermophilus (Donk), a strongly heat-resistant thermophilic contaminant in prepared dehydrated nutrient agar.


The use of alternate dilutions in making colony counts.


Red cell fragmentation and mechanical hemolytic anemia.


Separation and characterization of morphological elements of Candida albicans by urovison density gradient.


Chemical carcinogenesis.

Chemical carcinogenesis.


Fate of maturation protein during infection by coliphage MS2.


Role of GTP in the positioning of formylmethionyl-tRNAf on the E. coli ribosome.


Dual purpose factor.

Dual purpose factor.


Ribosomal binding of labelled initiation factor F3.


Messenger discriminating species of initiation factor F3.


Surface-bound immunoglobulin as a marker of B lymphocytes in man.


Nutrition and infection: cannibalism.

Nutrition and infection: cannibalism.


Availability of iron.

Availability of iron.


The diagnosis and treatment of bleeding tendencies. A brief review.


Clinical comparison of thickened and unthickened urea peroxide-glycerin products.


Human pulp changes of iatrogenic origin.


Pseudo-malingering and Leonid Andreyev's "The Dilemma".


Cardiac ultrasonography. A review of current applications.


Radiologic and other diagnostic clues in congenital and acquired heart disease.


In memoriam Gerald Hochschild, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P., (Lond.), D.A., R.C.P. (Lond.), R.C.S. (Eng.) F.F.A. (S.A.).


Computer diagnosis of heart disease.

Computer diagnosis of heart disease.


Royal Society: Mullard Gold Medal Award--F. R. Batchelor.


Virobis (N 1 N 1 -anhydrobis (beta-hydroxyethyl) biguanide hydrochloride) in chicken-pox.


The use of glifanan in postoperative pain.


In memoriam Aldo Osward Dreosti, M.D., M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.) D.P.H. (rand).


In memoriam Dr. Isidore Heller, M.B., B.Ch. (Rand), M.R.C.O.G., F.C.O.G., Dip. Mid. (S.A.).


In search of a definition.

In search of a definition.


Scientific autographs. VI. Edward Jenner (1749-1823): vaccination versus variolation.


The first treatise on pediatrics.

The first treatise on pediatrics.


Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and myocarditis. Association with coxsackievirus B infection.


Hans H. Hecht, M.D.

Hans H. Hecht, M.D.


Postmortem cesarean section.

Postmortem cesarean section.


Problems from immunosuppressives during pregnancy.


Serial extraction: a continuous diagnostic and decisional process.


Clinical treatment with bonded plastic attachments.


The New York Academy of Dentistry-Fellowship List.


Review of field studies on fish orientation.


The sensory basis of orientation in amphibians.


Immediate complete dentures. 2. Immediate dentures.


The natural history of the human teeth. A bi-centennial note.


Ovarian cyst containing teeth and jaw bone. An early case report.


Specific immune response in human skin carcinoma. Eight out of nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of skin have shown immunological reactivity against their own tumour cells by one or more tests with their sera or peripheral blood lymphocytes. The tests included membrane and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence, and, with cultured tumour, complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity and lymphocyte attack. One case examined in depth had an unusually conspicuous lymphocyte and plasma cell reaction on histological examination, and was positive by all four tests; a time-lapse cinephoto-micrographic record over seven days was obtained of the attack on the carcinoma cells in culture by the patient's lymphocytes.


Immunological reactivity in patients with carcinoma of colon. Sixty cases of colonic carcinoma have been investigated for antitumour immunoreactivity. The tests employed were blood lymphocyte reactivity and complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity against cultured tumour cells, and immunofluorescence for membrane staining of viable tumour cells and cytoplasmic staining of dried tumour cells in films. Nineteen cases were positive by one or more tests and the most frequent positive response, lymphocytotoxicity, was detected in 8 of the 24 cases tested in this way. The lymphocytotoxicity persisted in a case tested three times over a year. Immunoreactivity against tumour cell surface, as by lymphocyte or serum cytotoxicity or membrane immunofluorescence, was restricted to colonic carcinomas but there was an additional element of individual specificity; cross-reactivity with other tissues and tumours was not observed. Lymphocytes from regional lymph nodes were non-reactive even in a case with positive blood lymphocyte cytotoxicity against the carcinoma cells.


Controlled trial of penfluridol in acute psychosis. A controlled study was made of penfluridol medication consisting of a single weekly oral dose of 30 mg in 30 patients with acute psychoses of varying type and origin. This medication was found to be effective. No significant side effects occurred.Several long-acting neuroleptics for injection are now available. The development of an oral compound of this type is an asset because of the manageability of the oral drug in the hands of family doctors and social psychiatrists.


Breast-fed infants and gastroenteritis.

Breast-fed infants and gastroenteritis.


Military medicine and its influence on medicine.


Doctors' riot, New York, 1788.

Doctors' riot, New York, 1788.


The diagnosis of neoplasm in Matthew Baillie's atlas of anatomy (1812).


The formulation of federal health policy: lessons from the Task Force on Medicaid and Related Programs.


Historical notes on the Bethlem Royal Hospital and the Maudsley Hospital.


Mortality books for 1774-1793 and 1833-1835 from the Parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, London.


Jonathan Swift and British demography.

Jonathan Swift and British demography.


William Hammond on hysteria.

William Hammond on hysteria.


Preliminary report on pyrantel pamoate in the treatment of human hookworm infection.


Investigations into the action of 6-benzimidazole cobamide coenzyme (cobamamide) on pernicious anaemia megaloblasts.


Isolated glomerular basement membrane as antigen in indirect immunofluorescent test for identification of circulating rabbit anti-rat glomerular-basement membrane antibodies.


Non-organ-specific cytoplasmic antibodies detected by immunofluorescence.


Immunological events associated with immunization by sperm in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.


Art, anatomy and medicine. 2.

Art, anatomy and medicine. 2.


A comparison of hydroxylamine and N-methylhydroxylamine as probes for the mechanism of action of the anthranilate synthetase of Escherichia coli.


Contact inhibition in tissue culture.

Contact inhibition in tissue culture.


Tumor-induced skin heterogenization. II. Virus causing the phenomenon.


Serologic and karyologic evidence of incorrect identity of an animal cell line (guinea pig spleen).


Osmolality of mammalian blood and of media for culture of mammalian cells.


Tumor-induced skin heterogenization. 3. Immunologic and immunogenetic mechanisms.


An introduction to William Stewart Halsted.


The weight and degree of calcification of the pineal gland.


William Goldie, 31 December 1907--13 February 1970.


Bertha Wheatley, 18 August 1885--15 March 1969.


Chemical changes of flattened enamel surfaces with in vitro weak acid demineralization.


Studies on dental aerobiology. IV. Bacterial contamination of water delivered by dental units.


Robert Wilfred Scarff, 18 October 1899--19 January 1970.


Sensitivity of intracellular bacteriophage lambda to colicin CA42-E2. Treatment of Escherichia coli K-12 infected by lambda CIts857 with colicin CA42-E2 resulted in partial inhibition of the infectious process. Uninfected bacteria were killed by colicin with a probability of about five times that with which similarly treated lambda-infected bacteria lose plaque-forming ability. The lambda deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), when present in a bacterial cell either as the replicating DNA of infectious phage or as the nonreplicating DNA of superinfecting phage, was degraded to acid-soluble material after colicin treatment. Analysis of the intermediates of DNA breakdown has revealed that degradation of the DNA to acid-soluble material is preceded by endonucleolytic fragmentation of the chromosome at a limited number of sites. This is the same mechanism of degradation previously observed for E. coli DNA after colicin treatment.


Role of genes 46 and 47 in bacteriophage T4 reproduction. I. In vivo deoxyribonucleic acid replication. Functional proteins coded by genes 46 and 47 are required for (i) continuation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in the late period of T4 infection and (ii) production of normal, late replicating DNA which contains strands with a sedimentation coefficient in alkaline sucrose greater than that of mature DNA (73S). Continued DNA synthesis in the late period in the absence of functional genes 46 or 47 can be achieved by inhibiting late protein synthesis either by using bacterio-phage with a second mutation in gene 55 or by adding chloramphenicol to the culture before the decline in the rate of DNA synthesis. However, when functional 46/47 proteins are absent throughout infection, no strands with a sedimentation coefficient greater than 73S (in alkaline sucrose) are produced. This is the case even when DNA synthesis is allowed to continue. DNA arrest is accompanied by conversion of rapidly sedimenting, replicating DNA to slower sedimenting forms. When 46/47 is absent from the beginning of infection, the conversion product has a smaller sedimentation coefficient than mature DNA both in neutral and alkaline sucrose. When DNA arrest occurs midway in infection by heat-inactivating the ts46 enzyme, the conversion product has a sedimentation coefficient (i) the same as mature DNA in both neutral (63S) and alkaline sucrose if capsid assembly is allowed to take place and (ii) close to 63S in neutral sucrose but heterogenous and relatively greater (up to 100S) in alkaline sucrose if capsid assembly is inhibited. The structure of this DNA is unknown.


Alterations in the distribution of labeled ribonucleic acid in polyribosomes from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage R17. The distribution of labeled ribonucleic acid (RNA) associated with polysomes from Escherichia coli infected with the bacteriophage R17 was investigated. Pulse-labeling of RNA for 15 sec with (3)H-uridine resulted in increased labeling of the RNA associated with larger polysomes from infected cells as compared to control cells. Analysis of the RNA indicated that the increased labeling of large polysomes resulted from the presence of labeled double-stranded viral RNA. Other species of 15-sec pulse-labeled RNA entered into polysome formation in both infected and control cells. On the other hand, pulse-labeling of cultures for 15 sec with (3)H-uridine followed by a 5-min chase with unlabeled uridine resulted in a greater decrease in the amount of labeled RNA associated with large polysomes from infected cells as compared to control cells. This decreased labeling of large polysomes from infected cells was accompanied by an increased amount of label associated with the monomer to trimer regions. Analysis of RNA labeled under pulse-chase conditions indicated that virus infection resulted in an increased amount of heterogeneous 5 to 15S RNA in both the monomer to trimer and ribosomal subunit-soluble regions of the polysome profile. Labeled 5 to 15S RNA extracted directly from infected cells under pulse-chase conditions, without prior polysome fractionation, was characterized by a shift toward a distribution of smaller polynucleotides.


Electron microscopic evidence for linear insertion of bacteriophage MU-1 in lysogenic bacteria. Temperate bacteriophage Mu-1 was used to generate a lysogenic derivative of the F'lac episome of Escherichia coli. Intact, covalently circular molecules of F'lac and lysogenic F'lac Mu(+) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were isolated and examined by electron microscopy. The mean contour lengths of F'lac and F'lac Mu(+) molecules were 37.6 +/- 0.4 mum and 53.2 +/- 0.4 mum, respectively. The mean difference, 15.6 mum, is similar to the mean contour length of 12.9 +/- 0.1 mum obtained for linear DNA molecules released by osmotic shock from mature phage Mu-1 virions. These results provide direct physical evidence that phage Mu-1 integrates by linear insertion of its genome into the DNA of lysogenic host bacteria. Chemical and physical analyses of phage Mu-1 DNA indicate that it is similar to E. coli DNA in respect of gross base composition, buoyant density, and melting temperature.


Inhibition of replication of ribonucleic acid bacteriophage f2 by superinfection with bacteriophage T4. Superinfection by phage T4 of cells infected by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) phage f2 results in inhibition of further f2 production. Experiments using rifampin show that the exclusion of f2 requires T4 gene function soon after T4 infection. By using a sensitive new peptide-mapping procedure to identify f2 coat protein in infected cells, we show that synthesis of the f2 coat occurs at a reduced level until 4 min after T4 superinfection and then ceases abruptly. Within 4 min after T4 superinfection, there are also several changes in f2 RNA metabolism, all of which require T4 gene function: preexisting f2 replicative intermediate RNA and f2 single-stranded RNA are degraded to small but still acid-precipitable fragments, and most f2-specific RNA is released from polyribosomes. We favor the hypothesis that T4 induces the synthesis of a specific endoribonuclease which degrades f2 RNA and that the inhibition of f2 protein synthesis may be a consequence of this degradation, rather than a direct effect of T4 upon translation.


Replication of bacteriophage phiX174 in a temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid host cell. Bacteriophage phiX174 is unable to replicate in Escherichia coli t3 at the restrictive temperature. However, if progeny phage synthesis is initiated at the permissive temperature, it will continue after a shift to the restrictive temperature.


Maude Abbott. A reminiscence.

Maude Abbott. A reminiscence.


Further studies on the deoxyribonucleic acid helping effect during transformation.


Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in Drosophila.


Physicochemical stereospecificity in taste perception of  -D-mannose and  -D-mannose.


Quantitative method for assessing one symptom of the withdrawal syndrome in mice after chronic morphine administration.


Verbal communication with L-dopa treatment.


Reduction of catechol-O-methyl-transferases activity by chronic L-dopa therapy.


Cholinergic receptor molecules and cholinesterase molecules at mouse skeletal muscle junctions.


Biological level of organization of the Chesowanja robust australopithecine.


Drug use and grades in college.

Drug use and grades in college.


Morphological and cytochemical effects of marijuana cigarette smoke on epithelioid cells of lung explants from mice.


Eperythrozoon mariboi sp.nov., (Protophyta: order Richettsiales) a parasite of red blood cells of the flying fox Pteropus macrotis epularius in New Guinea.


Sampling variation of reported results.

Sampling variation of reported results.


Surgical treatment of acute bacterial parotitis.


Pathophysiology of common hemolytic syndromes.


Napoleon and the professional nurse: a missed opportunity.


Edward Dudley Allen 1892-1971.

Edward Dudley Allen 1892-1971.


Prior and contemporary scientific medicine in Europe.


Ellis Benjamin Freilich 1891-1971.

Ellis Benjamin Freilich 1891-1971.


Alvah Lay Newcomb 1898-1971.

Alvah Lay Newcomb 1898-1971.


Progress in medical aspects of liver disease.


Liver storage.

Liver storage.


Ventral hernia.

Ventral hernia.


Hiatus hernia.

Hiatus hernia.


The diverse biological effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid.


Pharmacologic activity of a new class of agents which selectively inhibit aggressive behavior in rats.


Evaluation of the embryotoxic activity of L-asparaginase.


A reappraisal of the role of pethidine in Jorgensen's technique in dentistry.


Quantitative histology of the pancreas in decapitated and normal rat fetuses.


Simple separation of lymphoid cells from granulocytic series in rat bone marrow.


Strain differences in the immune responses of mice. 3. A raised tolerance threshold in NZB thymus cells.


A cross-reaction between Str. pyogenes and human fibroblasts, endothelial cells and astrocytes.


Prolonged survival of kidney xenografts in leucopenic rabbits.


Infectious immunological tolerance.

Infectious immunological tolerance.


Analysis of the biological activity of antilymphocyte serum. 3. Concentration of immunosuppressive activity in one IgG subfraction and its inhibition by another.


Erythrocyte-specific anti-nuclear factors in chickens of the obese strain (OS).


Regulation of the immune response. V. An analysis of the function of the Fc portion of antibody in suppression of an immune response with respect to interaction with components of the lymphoid system.


Studies on the secretory immunological system of fowl. II. Immunoglobulin-producing cells associated with mucous membranes.


Arthur Melvin Townsend, Jr., A. B., M.D., 1903-1971.


Social attraction and choice among psychiatric patients and staff: a review.


Immunosuppressive effects of bacterial asparaginase on antibody formation and allograft immunity.


The role of computers in electroencephalographic analysis.


Histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis.


The metabolic fates of palmitate in the dog kidney in vivo. Evidence for incomplete oxidation.


The effect of furosemide on residual nephrons of the chronically diseased kidney in man.


Purification of a specific tRNA by Sepharose-bound enzyme. A new procedure for measuring binding of tRNA to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is described. The purified isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli can be covalently bound to activated Sepharose with retention of approximately 40% of the original enzymatic activity. If crude tRNA is passed through a small column of enzyme-Sepharose, isoleucyl-tRNA is preferentially retained. The procedure can be used as a means of purifying specific tRNA molecules.


Immunogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae glycolipids: a novel approach to the production of antisera to membrane lipids. The glycolipid haptens of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were bound to membrane proteins of acholeplasma laidlawii (formerly Mycoplasma laidlawii) by reaggregation. This process consisted of the solubilization of lipid-depleted A. laidlawii membranes and M. pneumoniae glycolipids in 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, and dialysis of the mixed solutions against 20 mM Mg(2+). The hybrid reaggregate, collected by centrifugation, was highly immunogenic in rabbits, eliciting the production of a high titer of antibodies that fixed complement with the purified glycolipids and inhibited the metabolism of M. pneumoniae cells. The free glycolipids, or their mixture with A. laidlawii proteins, were much less effective in stimulating these antibodies. The antibodies to the hybrid reaggregate agglutinated M. pneumoniae cells and inhibited their ability to absorb erythrocytes, which indicates that at least some of the serologically-active glycolipids are exposed at the outer membrane surface. The ability to bind selected membrane lipids to membrane proteins of a serologically unrelated species provides a new tool for producing antibodies to lipid haptens.


Non-chromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria. 3. Isolation of the discrete transfer unit of the R-factor R1. A covalently-closed circular DNA species, banding at a buoyant density of rho = 1.709 g/cm(3) in CsCl, has been identified in antibiotic-sensitive colonies of E. coli strain AB2463 (rec A(-)) after mating with a Proteus mirabilis strain that carries the R-factor, R1. This plasmid, which represents a stable segregant of R1 that has lost all of the drug resistance determinants present on the parent R-factor but which has retained its ability to be transferred by conjugation, fulfills the functional definition of the R-factor transfer unit (RTF).


Correlation of in vivo and in vitro phase transitions of membrane lipids in Escherichia coli. A double mutant of Escherichia coli unable to synthesize or degrade unsaturated fatty acids can incorporate fatty acids with various hydrocarbon chain structures into the membrane phospholipids. The temperature characteristic of three physiological properties of cells grown with different fatty acids (growth, respiration, and efflux of thiomethylgalactoside) is compared with the physical properties of the isolated phosphatidylethanolamines in monolayers at an air-water interface. Breaks in the temperature characteristic of the properties measured in vivo correspond to phase transitions in the lipid films from a liquid-expanded to a condensed form. It is concluded that a liquid-like state of the lipid phase is required for proper membrane function.


A density label for membranes.

A density label for membranes. Bromostearic acid satisfies the essential fatty acid requirement of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli K12. Over 55% of the fatty acids derived from lipids isolated from membranes of cells grown in bromostearate-supplemented medium contained bromine, as established by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of the methyl esters. During equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose gradients, the cytoplasmic membranes isolated from bromostearate-grown cells banded at a density approximately 0.06 g/cm(3) greater than membranes isolated from oleate- or elaidate-grown cells, affording a complete separation between membranes which contain brominated fatty acids and those which do not.


DNA replication in Escherichia coli: location of recently incorporated thymidine within molecules of high molecular weight DNA. More than 50% of the [(3)H]thymidine incorporated during short pulses into the DNA of Escherichia coli 15T(-) can be extracted by alkali as high molecular weight DNA. Density gradient centrifugation and digestion with exonuclease I suggest that these large pieces of DNA are composed of newly synthesized DNA attached to pre-existing material at the 3' end of the molecule.


A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant defective in saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The isolation and biochemical characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, which grows only when emulsified myristic, palmitic, stearic, or oleic acid is added to the growth medium, is described. The mutant contains an enzymatically inactive fatty acid synthetase complex. The gene affected, preliminarily designated by the symbol fas, exhibits a 2:2 nuclear inheritance pattern. The formation of fatty acid synthetase in yeast is constitutive and not subject to repression by long chain fatty acids. After extensive purification, the mutant fatty acid synthetase was obtained as an essentially homogeneous protein with a sedimentation constant identical to that of the wild type enzyme. A systematic study of the seven reaction steps involved in fatty acid biosynthesis revealed that the enzyme catalyzing the condensation of acetate and malonate to acetoacetate was completely inactive in the mutant. The other six component enzymes had identical specific activities in the mutant and in the wild type fatty acid synthetase complexes. It is concluded that the mutant described harbors a missense mutation in the structural genes of either the condensing enzyme of the "acyl carrier protein" component of the fatty acid synthetase complex.


A specific hepatic transfer RNA for phosphoserine. Radioactive O-phosphoryl-L-serine was detected after alkaline deacylation of rat and rooster liver [(3)H]seryl-tRNA acylated in vitro with homologous synthetases. Ribonuclease treatment of this tRNA yielded a compound with the properties of phosphoseryl-adenosine. Benzoylated DEAE-cellulose chromatography of seryl-tRNA yielded four distinct peaks, only one of which contained phosphoserine. A unique fraction for phosphoserine was also found on chromatography of nonacylated tRNA. In ribosome binding studies, this fraction responded very slightly with poly(U,C), but not with any of the known serine trinucleotide codons. Substantial incorporation of [(3)H]-serine into protein from this tRNA species was observed in an aminoacyl-tRNA dependent polysomal system derived from chick oviducts. No phosphoserine was found in Escherichia coli or yeast seryl-tRNA acylated with homologous enzymes, nor in E. coli seryl-tRNA acylated with liver synthetase. In the absence of tRNA, free phosphoserine was not formed in reaction mixtures, which suggests that phosphoseryl-tRNA arises by phosphorylation of the unique seryl-tRNA species. These results demonstrate a discrete tRNA(Ser) species in rat and rooster liver containing phosphoserine and suggest that this tRNA is involved in ribosomal polypeptide synthesis.


Replication and repair of DNA in cells of Escherichia coli treated with toluene. DNA synthesis has been studied in Escherichia coli cells made permeable to nucleotides by treatment with toluene. Replicative synthesis, as distinguished from repair synthesis, occurs at a rate comparable to that observed in vivo; it is dependent on the presence of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, but does not require exogenous DNA; and it is stimulated by ATP. Furthermore, replicative synthesis can be abolished at the restrictive temperature in DNA temperature-sensitive mutants. N-ethylmaleimide completely inhibits this type of synthesis, whereas it does not inhibit repair synthesis. Repair synthesis further differs from replicative synthesis in the following points: it does not require ATP; it persists at the restrictive temperature in DNA temperature-sensitive mutants; it can be induced by endogenous or exogenous nuclease activity; and its demonstration requires a Pol(+) strain.


The selective inhibition of protein initiation by T4 phage-induced factors. The phenomenon of selective translation of T4 template RNA by ribosomes from T4-infected cells, or factors derived therefrom, has been extended to studies on the initiation of protein synthesis. A high-salt extract derived from T4-infected ribosomes inhibits the formation of initiation complexes of MS2 and Escherichia coli template RNA with uninfected ribosomes while efficiently supporting the formation of initiation complexes with T4 template RNA. T4 factors also permit T5 template RNA to bind to E. coli ribosomes, which indicates that the T4 selective effect is not exclusive for T4 templates. Other evidence indicates that T4 factors do not alter the process of polypeptide chain elongation.


On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli. V. Incorporation of deoxynucleoside triphosphates by DNA thermosensitive mutants of Escherichia coli also lacking DNA polymerase activity. Double mutants of Escherichia coli were constructed by combining DNA thermosensitive mutations affecting either DNA initiation (DnaA) or elongation (DnaB) with the Pol A1 mutation, which abolishes DNA polymerase activity. Incorporation of labeled deoxynucleoside triphosphates was studied in these mutants using toluene-treated cells. This incorporation was found to be exactly correlated with the capacity of the mutants to synthesize DNA in vivo.


A DNA-acrylamide gel column for analyzing proteins that bind to DNA. I. DNA polymerase. A new procedure is described for purifying proteins that specifically bind to DNA. DNA is entrapped in polyacrylamide gel particles which can then be used in standard column chromatographic procedures. The method was developed using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase as the test material. The crude enzyme was applied at low ionic strength and eluted at high ionic strength with a 200-fold increase in specific activity on a single passage through the column. The method is versatile and simple and is not restricted to DNA-protein systems. Any macromolecule can be entrapped in the gel particles; these can interact with other large or small molecules in the liquid phase. The gel is stable at elevated temperatures and can therefore be used in hybridization experiments.


A lesson from the smog capital of the world. The history of air pollution control in the Los Angeles area shows a gradual transfer of authority from city and county to state and federal government. The relative role of the various levels of government is discussed. Regional control will become increasingly important with standards set or approved by state and federal authorities. Progress is noted in the control of both stationary and moving sources, but long-range planning of the development of our urban complex with an overriding regard for its effect on the environment is needed if the technological innovations are to keep pace with the demands of an ever-increasing population.


Psychological studies of marijuana and alcohol in man.


In vitro biosynthesis of pseudouridine at the polynucleotide level by an enzyme extract from Escherichia coli. DNA from Mycoplasma sp. Kid which was enriched for tRNA genes (containing about 10% tDNA) was transcribed by E. coli RNA polymerase. The RNA transcription product labeled with [(14)C]uridine was formed in good yield (70-fold net synthesis). After incubation of this [(14)C]uridine-labeled RNA with E. coli extracts, nucleotide analyses revealed that [(14)C]pseudouridine was formed. The experiments support the idea that the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine takes place at the macromolecular level. Furthermore, the conversion was shown to be specific for a uridine residue in tRNA-like material since neither [(14)C]polyuridylic acid nor the [(14)C]uridine-labeled RNA transcribed from lambda DNA served as substrate for the pseudouridine-forming enzyme(s).


Interactions between sympathomimetic amines and a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor.


Calculation of cardiac output from indicator dilution data by a desk calculator.


The intravenous probenecid test: a possible aid in evaluation of the serotonin hypothesis on the pathogenesis of depressions.


Testosterone and testosterone binding in murine plasma.


Infectious DNA preparations from T2 and T4 bacteriophages.


Some factors affecting infectivity assays of wound-tumor virus on cell monolayers from an insect vector.


Bacteriophage P2: interaction with phage lambda and with recombination-deficient bacteria.


Stabilization of P2 tandem double lysogens by int mutations in the prophage.


Host DNA synthesis after infection of Escherichia coli with mutants of bacteriophage T4.


Development of pinwheel inclusions associated with sweet potato russet crack virus.


Statistical approach to indices of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.


Antigen recognition by T-cells and its suppression. Significance and origin of rosette-forming cells.


Suppression of hippocampal DFP discharges by chlorpromazine, imipramine and desipramine.


On the mode of action of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease.


Estimation and interaction in a censored 2x2x2 contingency table.


A screening test for urinary purines and pyrimidines and related compounds using auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli K12.


Vascular injuries of the upper thorax and the root of the neck.


Response of HL-A identical unrelated individuals in the mixed lymphocyte culture test. The immunological responsiveness as measured in the mixed lymphocyte culture test has been studied in 13 pairs of HL-A identical unrelated individuals. In all combinations stimulation occurred and it was frequently of a similar magnitude to that observed against non-HL-A identical subjects.It is postulated that another locus, adjacent to the HL-A locus, is also responsible for the non-stimulation observed between HL-A identical siblings, and that observations made in the related situation should not be transposed to the unrelated situation without some reservation.


A clinical evaluation of 'reinforced' split-skin grafts.


G. Harvey Agnew, M.D. A tribute to the man.


Transience of immune responses to tumour antigens in man. By examining serial serum samples from patients undergoing surgical removal of malignant tumours an increased incidence of tumour-specific antibodies has been detected. Antibody responses to tumour neoantigens seem to be transient, and this is held to account for the rarity of detections where a single sample of serum is examined.


Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis.

Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis.


A review of the Mississippi Medicaid program.


Decalcified egg shell membrane, a supporting substrate for electron microscopic cross-sections of monolayers of epithelial cell line MDCK.


Alternate fates of the complementary strands of lambda DNA after infection of Escherichia coli.


Reinitiation of chromosome replication in a thermosensitive DNA mutant of Escherichia coli. II. Synchronization of chromosome replication after temperature shifts.


T4 DNA replication and viral gene expression.


Physical mapping of T7 messenger RNA.

Physical mapping of T7 messenger RNA.


A factor promoting the ejection of deacylated initiator transfer RNA from ribosomes.


Topography of the Escherichia coli ribosome. II. Preliminary sequence of 50 s subunit protein attack by trypsin and its correlation with functional activities.


Bone morphogenetic protein.

Bone morphogenetic protein.


Procedures to reduce contamination of cell cultures.


Dr. George Otto Gey 1899-1970.

Dr. George Otto Gey 1899-1970.


Hybrid enzyme molecules reconstituted from mixtures of wild-type and mutant Escherichia coli  -galactosidase.


A projective cartoon investigation of nurse-patient psychodramatic role perception and expectation.


Critique of a projective cartoon investigation of the nurse-patient psychodramatic role perception and expectation.


The immunologic consequences of infection.


Wound infections.

Wound infections.


Urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections.


Pathophysiology and management of septic shock.


Influenza.

Influenza.


Untoward effects of antimicrobial drugs. Prevention and control.


Ovarian tumors in childhood and adolescence.


Periodic diseases in children.

Periodic diseases in children.


Advances in radiotherapy and interpretation of electrocardiograms.


Recurrent infections in man associated with immunologic or phagocytic deficiencies.


Immune mechanisms on secretory surfaces.


Chromatographic fractionation of transfer RNA on the macroreticular polystyrene ion-exchange resin amberlyst A-21.


An automatic method of separation and quantitative determination of methylthiohydantoins of acidic and neutral amino acids using sulfopolystyrene resins.


Ribosomal proteins. XIV. Isoelectric points of ribosomal proteins of E. coli as determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.


Determination of clamidoxic acid in serum by gas-liquid chromatography.


Trisomy F(?20). Report of A 14q-F(?20) familial translocation.


Incidence of prosthecate bacteria in a polluted stream. Water samples were collected aseptically several times throughout the year at nine stations on the Red Cedar River, a stream flowing through farmland and receiving effluent from several municipalities in central Michigan. Total prosthecate bacteria were enumerated by both direct and viable counting techniques. By direct techniques, these bacteria accounted for 0.62 to 1.1% of the total microflora during the study. The predominant type of appendaged bacteria was the caulobacters (Caulobacter, Asticcacaulis, and the fusiform caulobacter), which accounted for 64 to 93% of the total prosthecate forms. The others of importance were prosthecomicrobia (< 1 to 24%), including Prosthecomicrobium and Prosthecochloris; hyphomicrobia (< 1 to 15%), including Hyphomicrobium and Rhodomicrobium; and Ancalomicrobium (< 1 to 6%). The viable counts of heterotrophs also indicated that the caulobacters were the most numerous prosthecate bacteria in the stream. They ranged from fewer than 1 per ml to a maximum of almost 4,000 per ml. During the coldest period, when the total viable counts decreased to about 10(4) per ml compared to their summer high of over 10(7) per ml, the caulobacters actually increased in numbers. In December (temperature 0 to 1 C), they comprised from 0.09 to 1.0% of the viable microbial count, and in March (6.0 to 8.0 C) they accounted for 0.14 to 2.8%. The other heterotrophic prosthecate bacteria were generally found at numbers less than 1 per ml, with the exception of the December study when Hyphomicrobium was present in numbers as high as 2,400 per ml. There was no consistent correlation between the frequency of prosthecate bacteria and total coliforms in the stream during the investigation.


Growth temperatures and temperature characteristics of Aeromonas. Six of the 13 Aeromonas hydrophila, 1 of 10 A. shigelloides, and none of 10 A. salmonicida were found to be psychrophiles. All of the rest of the strains were mesophiles. The mu values (temperature characteristics) could not be used to distinguish psychrophiles from mesophiles.


Diacetyl and acetoin production by Lactobacillus casei. Agitation of broth cultures of Lactobacillus casei retarded cellular dry weight accumulation but enhanced production of both diacetyl and acetoin. Addition of pyruvate overcame this retardation, but addition of sulfhydryl-protecting reagents did not. Both pyruvate and citrate enhanced accumulated dry weight of L. casei incubated without agitation, but only pyruvate increased diacetyl accumulation. Both actively dividing cells and cells suspended in buffer converted pyruvate to diacetyl and acetoin. Maximum production of diacetyl and acetoin occurred during the late logarithmic or early stationary phases. Cells isolated from pyruvate- or citrate-containing cultures showed the greatest ability to convert pyruvate to diacetyl and acetoin. The optimum pH for diacetyl and acetoin formation by whole cells was in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. The presence of citrate or acetate enhanced diacetyl and acetoin formation by L. casei cells in buffer suspension.


Anaerobic roll tube media for nonselective enumeration and isolation of bacteria in human feces. Medium 10 (M10), developed for rumen bacteria and containing small amounts of sugars, starch, volatile fatty acids, hemin, Trypticase, yeast extract, cysteine, and sulfide, plus agar, minerals and CO(2)-HCO(3)-buffer, was used with the Hungate anaerobic method as a basal medium to evaluate the efficacy of various ingredients. Three-day-old colony counts from adults on normal diets (17 samples) were 0.55 x 10(11) to 1.7 x 10(11) per g (mean, 1.15 x 10(11)) for M10. Single deletion of volatile fatty acids, Trypticase, yeast extract, or sulfide did not reduce counts. Deletion of hemin or both Trypticase and yeast extract significantly lowered counts. Addition of fecal extract, rumen fluid, 1% dehydrated Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) or 2 to 6% liver infusion did not increase counts; 1% dehydrated bile or 3.7% BHI markedly depressed them. Decreasing the gas-phase CO(2) concentration from 100 to 5% with N(2) and correspondingly lowering the HCO(3) had little effect. Counts in supplemented Brewer Thioglycollate (Difco), BHI, and Trypticase soy agar were similar or lower than in M10; ease in counting was best in M10. Comparison of features of 88 predominant strains of fecal bacteria randomly isolated indicated that M10 supported growth of as many or more species of bacteria as compared to supplemented BHI. The results suggest that predominant bacteria of human feces, in general, are not as nutritionally fastidious as rumen bacteria and indicate that media for counts or isolation containing large amounts of rich organic materials are neither necessary nor desirable when adequate anaerobic techniques are used.


Transmission of Salmonella montevideo in wheat by stored-product insects. Sitophilus oryzae (L.), S. granarius (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.), and Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) transmitted Salmonella montevideo from wheat contaminated with 10(6) organisms/g to clean wheat. The insects were fed on the contaminated grain for 21 days and were then transferred to clean grain and allowed to feed for 21 days. They were subsequently transferred to two more samples of clean wheat. All species carried S. montevideo into the initial sample of clean wheat but not into a second or third sample. Progeny of the original insects that developed in the contaminated wheat exhibited less ability than the original adults to contaminate clean wheat. Data indicated that few S. montevideo could be carried by the stored-product insects in large masses of grain.


Electronic counting in growth studies of Mycobacterium avium. Metabolically uniform cells of Mycobacterium avium were obtained by selective filtration. The life cycle of these cells was followed by photomicrographs, electronic enumeration, and sizing and by viability and protein determinations. The cells elongate to form filaments several times their initial length; the increase in mass is reflected by a five- to sixfold increase of total protein in the culture. The filaments then fragment causing the production of viable coccobacilli. The techniques employed to obtain this form of growth are described and comparisons with nocardial growth are noted.


Modified selective and differential isolation medium for Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The semiselective salt-starch-agar formulation of Baross and Liston was modified as the result of a systematic study of the effect of each constituent on the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and competitive species characteristic of the marine environment. The selection of nutrient constituents depended on an analysis of their effect on generation time. The addition of inhibitors depended on an analysis of minimal inhibitory concentrations. The modified formulation included: peptone, 2.0%; yeast extract, 0.2%; corn starch, 0.5%; NaCl, 3.0%; agar, 1.5% (pH 8.0). Penicillin at 2 to 5 units/ml increased selectivity without significantly inhibiting Vibrio in pure suspensions. Over 62% of the most sensitive strain (YM-K33) was recovered at a concentration of 5 units of penicillin per ml. The per cent recovery of V. parahaemolyticus from fish homogenate compared favorably with other selective formulations. At an initial concentration of 10(5) cells/ml, recovery varied with the strain used from 60 to 119%, whereas at 10(2) cells/ml the range was 36 to 94%. Applications of the medium for Vibrio quantification are discussed.


Sensitive procedure for detecting residual viable virus in inactivated rabies vaccine. A procedure for testing inactivated rabies vaccines of tissue culture origin for residual viable virus is reported in which the vaccine to be tested is passed in primary hamster kidney cell culture (PHK) before mouse inoculation. In preliminary experiments, titrations of rabies virus in which each dilution was passed in PHK before inoculating mice yielded titers 100 to 10,000 times higher than the titers obtained for the same virus by direct mouse inoculation. This rabies virus amplification procedure was evaluated by testing 18 lots of inactivated rabies vaccine of tissue culture origin. No viable virus was found in these vaccine lots when tested by direct intracerebral inoculation of mice. Eight of these 18 lots were found to contain viable virus, however, when tested by passage in PHK cell culture. The significance of low levels of viable virus in rabies vaccines is discussed. It is recommended that the amplification procedure described in this report be used in the safety testing of rabies vaccines of tissue culture origin and that it be evaluated for use in testing other rabies vaccines of low tissue content.


Comparison of two commercially available media for detection of bacteremia. An analysis of 3,795 positive blood cultures obtained from 1,718 patients in a 2.5-year evaluation of Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and Thiol Broth is reported. Isolation rates of Actinobacillus and Pseudomonas were significantly greater in TSB, whereas isolation rates of Streptococcus and Corynebacterium (aerobic and anaerobic) were significantly greater in Thiol. Otherwise, the two media were similar. Disregarding contaminants, anaerobic bacteria represented 11% of positive cultures and 20% of patients with bacteremia. Eleven per cent of the patients had polymicrobial bacteremia.


Comparison of Schaedler agar and trypticase soy-yeast extract agar for the cultivation of anaerobic bacteria. Schaedler agar (SA) and Trypticase soy-yeast extract agar (TSYEA), both supplemented with rabbit blood (5%, v/v) and menadione (0.5 mg/liter), were compared with respect to quantitative recovery, quality of growth, and rapidity of growth of selected anaerobic bacteria. The media were stored for 2 to 4 days prior to use in an anaerobic glove box, where all subsequent bacteriological procedures were performed. After 24 hr of incubation, colonies of Clostridium cadaveris (C. capitovale), C. haemolyticum, C. novyi A, and C. perfringens were larger on SA than on TSYEA, and the appearance of C. novyi B colonies on SA at 24 hr antedated their appearance on TSYEA. Quantitative recovery of C. novyi B was improved on SA; recovery of the other clostridia tested was comparable on the two media (inconclusive results were obtained with C. novyi A). Rough colonial types of some of the clostridia emerged on SA. No appreciable differences in results with the two media were noted for Bacteroides fragilis, B. melaninogenicus, or Fusobacterium fusiforme.


Effect of relative humidity on survival of Candida albicans and other yeasts. Individual blastospores of Candida albicans were deposited on the surface of 50-mm membranes (Millipore Corp.) and placed within sealed glass chambers at various relative humidities (RH). After 48 hr, virtually all cells maintained at 100 and 10% RH had survived, but 84% of the cells maintained at 60% RH failed to develop into colonies when transferred to Sabouraud medium. No morphological abnormalities could be observed in cells surviving low RH values, but their initial rate of multiplication after transfer to Sabouraud medium was greatly reduced, compared to that demonstrated by cells maintained at 100% RH. At 60% RH, the exposure time required to kill 50% of the blastospores was 2 to 3.5 days. The inimical effect of 60% RH was confirmed in a total of 21 isolates of C. albicans. No deleterious effect was noted when 12 other species of yeasts were subjected to 10, 60, and 100% RH. The single isolate of Candida brumptii and 1 out of the 20 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans tested also failed to grow after blastospores had been exposed to 60% RH for 4 days.


Isolation and counting of Athiorhodaceae with membrane filters. The number, type, and distribution of Athiorhodaceae in two Central Pennsylvania artificial lakes were investigated with an anaerobic modification of the membrane filter technique.


Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from animals: relationship to veterinary and management uses of antimicrobial agents. Five-hundred fifty-five (555) isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained from fecal specimens of a representative number of animals from five farms in the United States. Antibiotic exposure of the selected herds was determined by an epidemiological survey of these farms. The incidence of multiple resistance in the E. coli isolates was higher in herds exposed to continuous feeding of antimicrobial agents (84.8%) than in a herd not receiving antimicrobials (15.7%). The most common resistance configuration observed was the triple pattern of dihydrostreptomycin (DS), sulfonamide (SU), and tetracycline (TE). The second most frequent pattern consisted of four resistances: ampicillin (AM), DS, SU, and TE. The frequency of transfer factors was much higher in multiply resistant organisms from the herds exposed to antimicrobial medicaments. The E. coli isolates were relatively efficient in fostering and transferring heterologous resistance factors. AM resistance factors occurred more frequently in herds which were exposed to feed levels of penicillin (27.9%) than in those that were not (6.4%).


Presence of thermophilic acintomycetes in residential heating systems. Thermophilic actinomycetes, associated with a hypersensitivity pneumonitis, may be found in compost but also have been detected in heating systems of office buildings. This study was designed to determine whether these organisms were present in residential heating systems. Furnace dust or humidifier water of 12 of 20 homes contained thermophilic actinomycetes, indicating that the organisms may be found in areas other than specific decomposing organic dusts.


Simple, reliable cold tray for the recovery and examination of thermosensitive organisms. A simple chamber is described for the isolation and handling of thermosensitive bacteria on board ship and in conventional research or classroom laboratories.


Tetraethylammonium and excitability of the central nervous system.


Antibody response to rubella virion (V) and soluble (S) antigens in rubella infection and following vaccination with live attenuated rubella virus.


Effects of levorphanol on phospholipid metabolism and composition in Escherichia coli.


Alcoholism and its treatment in Scotland: a critical review.


Consumption averages and alcoholism prevalence: a brief review of epidemiological investigations.


Organic enamel material and caries.

Organic enamel material and caries.


Practical significance of immunofluorescence of the kidney. A research tool overdue for transfer to the clinic.


Tissue adhesive in ocular surgery: a prospective study.


Plasmodium gallinaceum: drug-induced ultrastructural changes in oocysts.


Injuries of the talus: a review of the literature and case presentation.


Adolescent depression: an overview.

Adolescent depression: an overview.


Malignant lymphoma of parotid associated with Mikulicz disease (benign lymphoepithelial lesion). Benign lymphoepithelial lesion (Mikulicz disease) is generally regarded as an inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, characterized by epimyoepithelial islands, and unrelated to malignant lymphoma. Five cases have been collected which show evidence at the same site of both Mikulicz disease and a malignant lymphoma. The latter took the form of reticulum-cell sarcoma or Hodgkin's disease. The two diseases were discovered simultaneously or the malignant lymphoma was detected at a subsequent date. The probable sequence of events is discussed. These cases are regarded as one of the best illustrations in man of an autoimmune disorder being followed by the development of malignant lymphoma. It is concluded that so-called benign lymphoepithelial lesion is not always innocuous and an attempt is made to establish histological criteria which might be regarded with suspicion in a particular case.


A carbon-dioxide-in-air incubator.

A carbon-dioxide-in-air incubator.


Fat-laden macrophages in cerebrospinal fluid as an indication of brain damage in children. A study of the incidence of fat-laden cells (compound granular corpuscles) in the cerebrospinal fluid in infants indicating that a high level of these cells (over 40% of cells) is invariably associated with a bad prognosis and lower levels of these cells can give a useful indication of brain damage in children with meningitis and ventriculitis.


Changes in sulphonamide and antibiotic resistance of E. coli in urinary infections outside hospital during a 12-year period.


A simple device for counting Jerne's plates to detect haemolytic antibody-forming cells.


Influence of employment with livestock on antibiotic-resistant E. coli in the faeces of healthy people.


Effects of centralization on laboratory services.


The effect of centralization on laboratory procedure in histopathology.


Tumour formation in hamsters inoculated with chick embryo lethal orphan virus.


Visceral replacement after laryngo-pharyngectomy.


Long term results of middle ear reconstructive surgery.


The evolution of skin flap technique.

The evolution of skin flap technique.


Panel discussion. Homografts in otology.


Sites of termination of first-order nerve fibres from the dental pulp.


Plasma LH levels and changes in protein synthesis in the median eminence and anterior pituitary during the oestrous cycle.


The projection from the superior and medial vestibular nuclei to the cerebral cortex in the cat.


A selection of recently published literature 1970-71. 2. Relevant to the Ministry of the hospital chaplain.


The treatment of burns. 2. Skin replacement in burns.


Medical Recording Service Foundation. New tapes, 1971.


Pseudolymphoma of the choroid in a patient with semile disciform macular degeneration.


A note concerning occurrence and mortality of gram-negative bacillary pneumonias at Detroit Receiving Hospital, 1963-1968.


Septicemia in a pediatric unit. A 20-year study.


Patterns of antibiotic sensitivity in bacteria isolated from hospital in-patients. A study at the Karolinska Hospital, 1969.


Disorders of hemoglobin-oxygen release in ischemic heart disease.


Kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation.


Loss of silver ions from oxygen electrode.


Columns for rapid chromatographic separation of small amounts of tracer-labeled transfer ribonucleic acids.


Micro disc electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate: an application to the study of protein synthesis in individual, identified neurons.


Transfer ribonucleic acid methylases in normal tissues and in tumours.


Glucocorticosteroid effects on liver chromatin.


Biosynthesis of tryptophanase by polyribosomes and by ribonucleic acid and ribosomes isolated from Escherichia coli.


Some properties of Embden-goose egg-white albumin.


Aromatization of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by human intestinal bacteria.


Spectral changes of a cationic dye after interaction with endotoxins.


The preparation of an alkali-soluble collagen from demineralized bone. Ossein was solubilized by the action of alkali and a resulting high-molecular-weight fraction isolated. The chemical and physical properties of this fraction were studied and compared with those of an acid-soluble collagen prepared from calf skin by conventional techniques. From the results it is concluded that the alkali-soluble protein exhibits only minor differences from acid-soluble collagen, and that these differences can be ascribed for the most part to a decrease in the inter- and intramolecular cross-linking.


Enzymic synthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine in Escherichia coli K12. 1. Cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli K12 catalyse the synthesis of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine from acetyl-CoA and l-phenylalanine. 2. The acetyl-CoA-l-phenylalanine alpha-N-acetyltransferase was purified 160-fold from cell-free extracts. 3. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8 and catalyses the acetylation of l-phenylalanine. Other l-amino acids such as histidine and alanine are acetylated at slower rates. 4. A transacylase was also purified from E. coli extracts and its substrate specificity studied. 5. The properties of both these enzymes were compared with those of other known amino acid acetyltransferases and transacylases.


Plastic tissue embeddings as a demonstration material in pathology.


The 25th anniversary of the Main Medical Library and its creator Prof. Stanislaw Konopka, M.D.


Studies on antigen-binding cells. I. The origin of reactive cells.


Studies on antigen-binding cells. II. Relationship to antigen-sensitive cells.


Origin of immunoreactive lymphocytes in rats.


Antigenic change and cell maturation in murine thymocytes.


Lymphocyte stimulation by a glycopeptide isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes C203S. II. Kinetics of the response.


Short communication immune mechanisms in human recipients of renal allografts.


Cellular and subcellular events in Wolffian lens regeneration.


The genes for ribosomal RNA and their transcription during amphibian development.


Morphometric evaluation of skin structures by stereologic methods. Application to testosterone-treated rats.


Lumbar and sacral ulceration in older paraplegic children with special reference to progressive kyphosis.


Problems of primary closure of myelomeningocetes.


Congenital deformities in the orbital region.


Surgical closure of sacral sores.

Surgical closure of sacral sores.


Blood gas tensions in severe asthma.

Blood gas tensions in severe asthma.


The intensive therapy of asthma.

The intensive therapy of asthma.


Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis by saucerization and skin grafting.


LATS actions of bacterial permeability and protein synthesis.


Cadaver homografts.

Cadaver homografts.


Treatment of burns today.

Treatment of burns today.


Blood coagulation and related plasma enzymes in inflammation.


The macrophage in inflammation.

The macrophage in inflammation.


The role of the lymphatic system in inflammatory responses.


The origin and fate of the monocyte.

The origin and fate of the monocyte.


Soluble injectable steroids in allergy.

Soluble injectable steroids in allergy.


Avulsive injuries to the heel.

Avulsive injuries to the heel.


The use of the self-portrait method in the evaluation of hemiplegic patients.


Urologic morbidity in renal transplantation.


Bronchial carcinoid: a case report with light and electron microscopic observation.


Summary of recent abstracts. 8. Leprosy.


Nonfatal rabies in dogs: experimental studies and results of a survey.


Leptospirosis diagnosis by immunofluorescence: improved procedure for antigen preparation.


Vaginitis in a bitch associated with Haemophilus sp.


Malaria resistant to chloroquine and sulphamethoxine-pyrimethamine.


An appreciation of Albert Tyler.

An appreciation of Albert Tyler.


The failure of lactate and phosphoenolpyruvate to support development of the mouse zygote in vitro.


The use of an indicator diffusion procedure to measure the uterine blood flow in sows during the estrous cycle and pregnancy.


The correlation between haemodynamic changes and arterial blood halothane concentrations during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in the dog.


A variable waveform ventilator.

A variable waveform ventilator.


Sticking valve on East-Radcliffe ventilator.


Effect of antigenic competition on antigen-sensitive cells and on adoptively transferred immunocompetent cells.


Lymphocyte-activating factors released in vitro by sensitized and nonsensitized human lymphocytes.


Cell components in the immune response. I. Gradient separation of immune cells.


Cell components in the immune response. II. Cell attachment separation of immune cells.


Cell components in the immune response. IV. Relationships and possible interactions.


Cell components in the immune response. 3. Neonatal thymectomy: restoration in culture.


The culture of free plant cells and its significance for embryology and morphogenesis.


Genetic and variegation mosaics in the eye of Drosophila.


Biochemical control of erythroid cell development.


"Masked" forms of mRNA.

"Masked" forms of mRNA.


The transcription of genetic information in the spiralian embryo.


Some genetic and biochemical aspects of the regulatory program for slime mold development.


Professor John Malcolm Evanson. The new Professor of Medicine at the University Hospital of South Manchester.


The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. VI. Analogy between the insulinotropic mechanisms of sugars and amino acids.


The story of the Manchester Surgical Society. II.


Epidemic. A look at epidemic disease through the ages.


Geza Stephan Santow.

Geza Stephan Santow.


The life and times of Daniel Curdie, M.D.


Spina bifida in South Australia. Problems in education.


Occupation and disease in Australia since 1788.


Occupational medicine and the community.


A selection of recently published literature 1970-71. 1. Relevant to the Ministry of the hospital chaplain.


Syphilis reference serology.

Syphilis reference serology.


Ross Smith.

Ross Smith.


George Clifford Jennings.

George Clifford Jennings.


Zoe Cuff Rutherford.

Zoe Cuff Rutherford.


Georg Lemchen.

Georg Lemchen.


Tissue culture studies of the virus of progressive pneumonia, a slow infectious disease of sheep.


Studies on marrow histogenesis. II. Growth characteristics of extramedullary marrow autotransplantation.


Selective stimulation of epinephrine-responsive adenyl cyclase in mice by endotoxin.


A quantitative estimation of sodium deoxycholate remaining in reassociated, hybrid endotoxins.


Abrogated thymoma development and increased amyloid development in estrogenized mice grafted spleen and bone marrow cells.


Defect extrinsic to stem cells in spleens of steel anemic mice.


Congenital anomalies of the aorta. Aortic arch anomalies.


Spleen colonies produced by cells obtained from colonies grown in vitro.


Officers and members of the Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society.


William G. Moore 1877-1969.

William G. Moore 1877-1969.


Eugene P. Steinmetz 1891-1969.

Eugene P. Steinmetz 1891-1969.


Structural heterogeneity of basement membranes and reticular fibers.


Failure to find cholera and noncholera vibrios in diarrheal disease in Mexico City, 1966-67.


Treatment of falciparum malaria with sulfalene and trimethoprim.


Effects of tetracycline against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum.


Epidemic Shiga-bacillus dysentery in Central America. Derivation of the epidemic and its progression in Guatemala, 1968-69.


Epidemic shiga-bacillus dysentery in Central America. Evolution of the outbreak in El Salvador, 1969-70.


Epidermal grafting. An original technique and its application in achromic and granulating areas.


Charles Barrett Kennedy, MD. 1908-1971.

Charles Barrett Kennedy, MD. 1908-1971.


Veterans Administration Prosthetics Center research report.


Bovine pepsinogens and pepsins. The sequence around a reactive aspartyl residue. The specific inhibitor, N-diazoacetylnorleucine methyl ester reacts stoicheiometrically with bovine pepsin resulting in a simultaneous loss of all enzymic activity. A peptide containing a modified aspartyl group was isolated from bovine pepsin labelled with (14)C-labelled inhibitor. The aspartic acid residue is presumed to be part of the active centre and is in the same heptapeptide sequence as in porcine pepsin: Ile-Val-Asp-Thr-Gly-Thr-Ser.


Soil bacteria: principal component analysis of physiological descriptions of some named cultures of Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, and Rhizobium.


Recovery of metabolic activity in Escherichia coli following limited exposure to myxin.


Immunization with autogenous rumen enterococci.


Metabolic activity of the lung and its role in pulmonary disease.


Indications for tricyclic antidepressant drugs.


The role of thyroid and growth hormones in neurogenesis.


Dr. Fitzgerald, former ADA president, dies.


A dentist's bookplate.

A dentist's bookplate.


Construction techniques for blade and anchor implants.


St John Dudley Buxton.

St John Dudley Buxton.


The blood supply of the lumbar spine and its application to the technique of intertransverse lumbar fusion.


Progression of chronic osteomyelitis of mandible and bone graft: report of case.


Bone grafts and chronic osteomyelitis.

Bone grafts and chronic osteomyelitis.


Tarsal bone disintegration in leprosy.

Tarsal bone disintegration in leprosy.


Articular cartilage: a review and scanning electron microscope study. 1. The interterritorial fibrillar architecture.


Walter Mercer. 1891-1971.

Walter Mercer. 1891-1971.


Viscount Malvern. 1883-1971.

Viscount Malvern. 1883-1971.


Spontaneous glomerular immunoglobulin and complement deposition in diabetic rats.


Stem cell response to thrombocytopenia.

Stem cell response to thrombocytopenia.


Augmented incidence of neoplasia in female New Zealand black-New Zealand white (NZB-NZW) mice treated with long-term cyclophosphamide.


The cellular kinetics of the immune response in pyelonephritis.


Sensitivity of adrenalectomized rats to lead and lead-endotoxin combinations.


Toxigenic Escherichia coli in infantile diarrhea in Chicago.


Detection of partial masking of a drug receptor in malaria parasites.


Effect of pH on carbenicillin activity in vitro against Proteus mirabilis.


Treatment of Fabry's disease: correction of the enzymatic deficiency by renal transplantation.


Treatment of enterobiasis with pyrantel pamoate in Iran.


Tandem synthesis of the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA sequences of Escherichia coli.


Regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis in stringent bacteria.


Evidence for a human osteosarcoma virus.


Artificial insemination in the dog.

Artificial insemination in the dog.


Note on fixation of the Binkhorst iris clip lens.


Various case histories.

Various case histories.


Vitamin B 6 -responsive histidine deficiency in mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. A mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 that requires either vitamin B(6) or histidine for growth was found to synthesize vitamin B(5) in amounts comparable to the parent strain, but to be deficient in imidazoleacetol phosphate transaminase (L-histidinolphosphate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.9), an enzyme required for histidine biosynthesis. The mutant apotransaminase required a 50-fold higher concentration of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for half-maximum activation than the corresponding wild-type enzyme; the fully activated mutant enzyme also displays a much lower maximum rate of catalysis than the enzyme from the parent strain. Such mutational changes in bacteria resemble those in certain vitamin B(6)-responsive genetic diseases in man and provide useful experimental material for the study of factors involved in coenzyme binding and enzymatic catalysis.


Bacterial mutants in which the gene N function of bacteriophage lambda is blocked have an altered RNA polymerase. Bacterial mutants have been isolated, called groN, that block phage development by interference with the action of the product of the phage N gene. lambdatrp phages, which depend on the N product for the synthesis of tryptophan enzymes, do not make these enzymes in groN bacteria. Two type of phage mutants have been isolated that can overcome the groN block. One type makes an altered N product, the other contains an N-bypass mutation. The groN mutation is closely linked to the rifamycin-resistance locus in Escherichia coli. Purified RNA polymerase from the groN mutant is less activated by salt and more sensitive to rifamycin than is the polymerase from gro(+). This suggests that the groN mutation produces a structural change in the bacterial RNA polymerase such that it can no longer interact properly with the phage N product.


Visualization of single heavy atoms by dark field electron microscopy. Dark field electronmicrographs of atoms of palladium, iodine, platinum, osmium, and uranium in model compounds have been obtained. Statistical analyses and a series of blind tests demonstrate the validity of the results. Moreover, optical density measurements of the images indicate that the observed relative scattering cross-sections of these atoms agree well with the theoretical cross-sections calculated from a Thomas-Fermi-Dirac model of the atom.


Slow joining of newly replicated DNA chains in DNA polymerase I-deficient Escherichia coli mutants. In Escherichia coli mutants deficient in DNA polymerase I, newly replicated short DNA is joined at about 10% of the rate in the wild-type strains. It is postulated that DNA polymerase I normally functions in filling gaps between the nascent short segments synthesized by the replication complex. Possible implications of the finding are discussed in relation to other abnormal properties of these mutants.


New polarity suppressors in Escherichia coli: suppression and messenger RNA stability. Two new polarity suppressors (Su27 and Su78) have been isolated in Escherichia coli. Both suppress polarity in the trp and lac operons, and neither shows codon specificity for suppression. Extreme polar mutants of the lac z gene that contain either Su27 or Su78 make mRNA from the entire operon; however, no active beta-galactosidase is translated from the z-gene messenger, and the amount of distal messenger is greater than would be expected from corresponding enzyme activities. Puromycin treatment of lac(+) strains mimics the effect of polar chain-termination mutations in destabilizing lac mRNA. This effect is completely reversed by Su27, and it is partially reversed by Su78. The results suggest that these suppressors act by stabilizing mRNA after premature termination of protein synthesis.


Structure of the replicating DNA from bacteriophage T4. At an early stage of replication, parental T4 DNA shows a loop structure often displaying two 3'-ended, single-stranded "whiskers", located in trans configuration at the branching-points. Several such loops have been observed within a single T4 molecule. Occasionally, reinitiation occurred in the middle of a loop, which suggests that the loop was growing in both directions.


A supernatant factor involved in initiation complex formation with eukaryotic ribosomes. Embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, were used in a study of polypeptide chain initiation in an in vitro system from a eukaryote. A protein, isolated from the high-speed supernatant, has been highly purified and shown to have properties that suggest it is the eukaryotic equivalent of the Escherichia coli initiation factor F(2): It promotes the AUG-dependent binding of fMet-tRNA (E. coli) to the Artemia 40S ribosomal subunit, but not to either the 60S or 80S species; the bound fMet-tRNA is placed in a site on the smaller subunit from which it reacts with puromycin upon addition of the 60S subunit; and the activity is sensitive to aurintricarboxylic acid and edeine, specific inhibitors of initiation. The factor, a basic protein of molecular weight about 100,000, is inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide, an SH-binding reagent, and is clearly distinct from the Artemia elongation factors, T(1) and T(2). In addition, the factor stimulates the poly(U)-dependent binding of Phe-tRNA (E. coli) to the Artemia 40S ribosomal subunit. This reaction, though similar to the fMet-tRNA-binding reaction, differs in that the bound Phe-tRNA is largely resistant to release by puromycin.


An Escherichia coli mutant with increased messenger ribonuclease activity. A temperature-sensitive mutant strain of Escherichia coli exhibits a remarkable increase in RNase activity when grown at its nonpermissive temperature. During growth at the nonpermissive temperature, there is an increase in the extent of breakdown of pulse-labeled RNA and a decrease in the functional lifetime of the mRNA for the lac operon. T7 RNA, which is usually stable in E. coli, is also stable in this strain at the nonpermissive temperature. It is possible that the RNase measured is part of the normal mechanism of mRNA degradation in the cell. A mechanism for mRNA degradation that requires the combined action of endonuclease(s) and 3' to 5' exonuclease(s) is proposed.


A complex between initiation factor IF2, guanosine triphosphate, and fMet-tRNA: an intermediate in initiation complex formation. Evidence is presented that suggests the formation of a complex between polypeptide chain-initiation factor IF 2, GTP, and fMet-tRNA(f). This complex transfers both fMet-tRNA(f) and GTP to 30S ribosomal subunits in the presence of ApUpG and initiation factor IF 1. The resultant 30S initiation complex reacts with 50S subunits to form a 70S initiation complex. fMet-tRNA(f) in this 70S complex reacts with puromycin to form fMet-puromycin. These results suggest that [IF 2, GTP, fMet-tRNA(f)] is an intermediate in the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli.


Analysis of DNA polymerases II and 3 in mutants of Escherichia coli thermosensitive for DNA synthesis. A series of double mutants carrying one of the thermosensitive mutations for DNA synthesis (dnaA, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and the polA1 mutation of DeLucia and Cairns, were constructed. Enzyme activities of DNA Polymerases II and III were measured in each mutant. DNA Polymerase II activity was normal in all strains tested. DNA Polymerase III activity is thermosensitive specifically in those strains having thermoscnsitive mutations at the dnaE locus. From these results we conclude that DNA Polymerases II and III are independent enzymes and that DNA Polymerase III is an enzyme required for DNA replication in Escherichia coli.


The molecular organization of lipids in the membrane of Escherichia coli: phase transitions. X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to investigate the physical state of the lipids in the membrane of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli. Thermotropic phase transitions have been detected in membranes prepared from cells grown on various fatty acid supplements. Below the transition temperature, the X-ray diffraction pattern features a sharp ring at 420 pm (4.2 A) due to the close hexagonal packing of the apolar groups of the lipids; above the transition temperature the lipids are in a less organized liquid-crystalline state that gives rise to a diffuse band centered at a Bragg spacing of 460 pm (4.6 A). This transition occurs at or below the temperature at which the cells were grown. Disparities between this transition temperature and the temperature of discontinuities in the Arrhenius plots for proline transport and succinic dehydrogenase activity lead us to conclude that the distribution of lipids within the membrane is heterogeneous.


Localized mutagenesis of any specific small region of the bacterial chromosome. A method, which we call localized mutagenesis, is described for the isolation of temperature-sensitive and other types of mutations in any specific small region (about 1%) of the bacterial chromosome. The principle of this method is to mutate the transducing DNA rather than the bacterial DNA. One can select for the introduction of this mutated DNA into any particular region of the bacterial chromosome by transducing an auxotrophic marker in that region to prototrophy, thereby introducing new mutations in the neighborhood. We have used this method to isolate many different temperature-sensitive mutations in genes of unknown function in particular regions of the chromosome. Since the method is very simple, it can be used to saturate any region of the map with mutations in essential genes, or for various types of genetic manipulations. Although we have used hydroxylamine-mutagenized phage P22 and Salmonella typhimurium, the method should be applicable to other mutagens and bacteria and transducing phage.


Hydrolysis of fMet-tRNA by peptidyl transferase. Escherichia coli and rabbit reticulocyte (f[(3)H]Met-tRNA.AUG.ribosome) intermediates undergo hydrolysis, with release of f[(3)H]methionine, upon addition of tRNA or CpCpA in the presence of acetone. This ribosomal catalyzed reaction has similar requirements, pH optimum, and antibiotic sensitivity to those of peptidyl transferase. Two antibiotics, lincomycin with E. coli ribosomes and anisomycin with reticulocyte ribosomes, inhibit peptide-bond formation and transesterification activities of peptidyl transferase, but stimulate hydrolysis of f[(3)H]Met-tRNA. Earlier studies have suggested peptidyl transferase activity is essential for R factor-dependent hydrolysis of f((3)H)Met-tRNA. These studies indicate that peptidyl transferase has the capacity for f((3)H)Met-tRNA hydrolysis and, therefore, may be responsible for peptidyl-tRNA cleavage during peptide chain termination.


The effect of methylphenidate on attentive behavior and autonomic activity in hyperactive children.


Development of first- and second-generation schizonts of Eimeria magna from rabbits in cell cultures.


The reliability of pathologists. A study of some cases of lymph node biopsies showing giant follicular hyperplasia or lymphoma.


A technique for accessory cervical heart transplantation in rabbits and rats.


Active-site directed irreversible inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase.


Comparative biochemistry of dihydrofolate reductase.


Folate inhibitors: a structure-activity analysis using linear modeling.


Naturally occurring folates.

Naturally occurring folates.


On the clinical effectiveness of Isoxyl.


Some aspects of the chemistry of the folate molecule.


Controlled clinical trials with Isoxyl.

Controlled clinical trials with Isoxyl.


Clinical data on 4-4' diisoamyloxythiocarbanilide (Isoxyl).


Sputum excretion of tubercle bacilli as early criterion in the evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of antituberculous drugs, illustrated by its use in a controlled trial of single-drug regimens.


Rifampin-blood-agar as a selective medium for the isolation of certain anaerobic bacteria. A selective medium which allows detection of relatively small numbers of Fusobacterium varium in fecal specimens is described. Blood-agar containing 50 mug of rifampin per ml inhibits the growth of many species of Bacteriodes and of F. fusi-forme/nucleatum but allows good growth of F. varium and most strains of F. mortiferum. Quantitative cultures of 11 fecal specimens were done on rifampin and other selective and nonselective media. F. varium was recovered in counts of 10(6) and 10(7) per gram from two specimens on rifampin only. A third specimen yielded 10(10)F. varium on several media, including rifampin. Some Eubacterium and Clostridium species also grew on rifampin, and these ordinarily were distinguished from the Fusobacterium by colony morphology. This medium is of value in fecal flora studies and should be useful with other kinds of specimens where mixtures of organisms are common.


Rapid identification of viruses by indirect immunofluorescence: isolation and identification of adenovirus types 4 and 7 and coxsackievirus type A21 in microcultures. The indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT), employing treated and standardized antiserum in a single pool, was earlier reported to have been used successfully for the preliminary identification of nine respiratory viruses in second to ninth passage multiplying in cells propagated on microscope slides. This report describes parameters affecting the isolation in first passage and the identification by IFAT of adenovirus types 4 and 7 and coxsackievirus type A21 present in stored clinical specimens inoculated into microcultures of WI-38 cells. Isolation frequency was comparable to that obtained in tube cultures, and identification by IFAT of viruses in microcultures could be accomplished in 3 to 4 hr after recognition of a cytopathogenic effect.


Isolation and identification of adenoviruses in microplates. A procedure for isolating and identifying adenoviruses in microplates is described. Comparison tests with standard tube methods show an agreement of 92%. Virus isolations are greatly facilitated by the microplate method. This method is sensitive, economical, and especially applicable to large-scale epidemiological surveys.


Detection of bacteremia in children with sodium polyanethol sulfonate: a prospective clinical study. A prospective study was made of 1,000 consecutive duplicate blood cultures obtained from sick children to evaluate the usefulness of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS). With the small volumes of blood (1 to 5 ml) usually obtained for blood cultures in children, SPS did not increase the frequency of recovery of organisms judged to be associated with clinical infections, with the possible exception of Diplococcus pneumoniae. However, the use of SPS was associated with an increased frequency of recovery of organisms judged to be contaminants, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacteria, possibly because SPS enhanced the recovery of a very small inoculum of skin bacteria.


Reversal of the antimicrobial activity of trimethoprim by thymidine in commercially prepared media. The ability of a potent dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, trimethoprim, to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli B in vitro is dependent on the composition of the medium in which the cells are grown. The inhibition observed in minimal broth could be partially reversed by the addition of thymidine, ribonucleosides, amino acids, and vitamins. No reversal occurred in the absence of thymidine. In a number of commercially prepared media, the inhibitory activity of trimethoprim correlated inversely with the amount of thymidine found to be present by microbiological assay. The significance of these findings for the routine testing of new, synthetic antibacterial agents is discussed.


Anaerobic CO 2 cabinet for the cultivation of strict anerobes. The design and construction of an anaerobic CO(2) cabinet are described. Air is displaced by a stream of oxygen-free CO(2), and anerobic conditions are produced in 3 hr. The equipment is simple and cheap to operate and has been found to be satisfactory for the isolation of strict anaerobes from the mouse intestine.


Microbiological evaluation of protected environments during patient occupancy. Microbiological monitoring has been conducted in two life island (LI) units and two laminar airflow (LAF) rooms while they were occupied by patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. There were only 5 organisms per 1,000 ft(3) of air sampled in LAF rooms, 31 organisms in LI units, and over 3,000 organisms in regular hospital rooms. None of the floor samples obtained from hospital rooms was sterile, compared to over 70% in LAF rooms. The rate of deposition of organisms onto settling plates was one organism per 4.5 hr in LAF rooms compared to one organism per 0.08 hr in hospital rooms. Potential pathogens were isolated much more frequently from environmental samples obtained from hospital rooms than from LI units or LAF rooms. Two sites of persistent contamination arose in the LAF rooms: the vinyl tile flooring and the water supply system. Over half of the potential pathogens cultured from the protected environment units were cultured initially from the patients who occupied the units.


Automated radiometric detection of bacteria in 2,967 blood cultures. A new radiometric method for the automatic detection of bacterial growth in blood cultures has been compared with conventional methods. A total of 2,967 cultures from 1,280 patients suspected of having bacteremia were studied. A 2-ml amount of blood was inoculated into culture media in which the glucose was labeled with carbon-14. The release of (14)CO(2) by bacterial metabolism was checked hourly for 18 to 24 hr, daily for the next 2 days, and, on the 12th day, with an automated instrument. A 10-ml amount of blood was studied by conventional bacteriological techniques. In 125 cultures from 50 patients, there was bacterial growth in at least one of the routine media. Of these, the radiometric method detected 102 cultures from 40 patients. In 111 cultures from 48 patients, there was radiometric detection of bacterial growth. In all of these cultures, there was detection of bacterial growth in subcultures from the radioactive medium. Of these, the routine laboratory detected 98 cultures from 40 patients. Neither method detected all patients with bacteremia. Among the 57 patients positive by one or both methods, routine techniques detected bacteria in 87% and the radiometric method detected bacteria in 85%. Seventy per cent of the cultures were detected first by the radiometric method, 65% on the day of inoculation. Our results suggest that the radiometric method is faster than conventional techniques and comparable in accuracy. Its great advantage is that it is simple, automatic, and can be extended to automatic detection of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics.


Preparation and testing of polyvalent conjugates for fluorescent-antibody detection of salmonellae. A polyvalent OH conjugate for Salmonella O groups A through I, K, L, and O was prepared and tested against pure cultures of salmonellae, nonsalmonellae, and a variety of food, fecal, and environmental specimens. Examination of pure cultures revealed that the conjugate gave negligible staining with representative strains of Shigella, Proteus, Providence, Serratia, and Pseudomonas. However, it stained 12% of the Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii strains and 36% of the Arizona strains. Over 1,200 specimens of various types were examined by both fluorescent-antibody (FA) and cultural procedures. Results indicate that, when used with discretion, FA screening can be a useful tool for rapid presumptive indication of the presence of salmonellae. The need for careful selection of strains used for preparing antisera and the importance of adequate evaluation of Salmonella FA reagents are discussed.


Evaluation of the modified R-B system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. In comparison with conventional procedures, a modified R/B Enteric Differential System permitted more accurate identification of enteric bacteria than did the original R/B system.