Ultrastructural appearance of glycogen in the hippocampus of the rabbit following administration of psychotropic drugs.


The aged and community mental health: a guide to program development.


Specificity of enzymes of sterol biosynthesis.


The combining sites of antibodies.

The combining sites of antibodies.


The expression of genetic information: a study with hybrid animal cells.


A molecular model for the regulatory behavior of enzymes.


A case of recurrent polyserositis with amyloidosis and steatorrhoea in a Dutch boy.


Control of metabolic reactions by feedback inhibition.


Contribution of the scalene muscles to inspiration in the rabbit.


On the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease.


Effect of methylprednisolone on carbohydrate metabolism of exercising dogs.


Effect of local cooling of the legs on tolerance to positive acceleration.


Physiologic effects of 2,3-DPG-depleted red cells with high affinity for oxygen.


Some aspects of Crohn's disease. A clinical study of 55 cases.


Peripheral modifications to the central drive for sweating.


Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise on successive days.


Plasma renin activity in supine muscular exercise.


Diffusing capacity and anatomic dead space for carbon monoxide (C180).


Physiological aspects of rowing.

Physiological aspects of rowing.


Limb sweating rates overlying active and nonactive muscle tissue.


Control of ventilation during speech.

Control of ventilation during speech.


Splanchnic vasoconstriction in hyperthermic man--role of falling blood pressure.


Cerebral blood flow comparisons between model and prototype.


Effect of chronic exercise on adrenocortical function and structure in the rat.


Neurophysiological effects of different anesthetics in unconscious man.


Neurophysiological effects of different anesthetics in conscious man.


Effect of ventilatory pattern on oxygenation in pulmonary edema.


Effect of exercise on skeletal muscle. 3. Cytochrome changes.


Measurement of changes in blood flow and blood volume in the splanchnic circulation.


Comparative sensitivity of four methods for measuring changes in respiratory flow resistance in man.


A simple multichannel spike height discriminator.


Comparison of capsule and wick techniques for measurement of interstitial fluid pressure.


Cantilever transducer for continuous measurement of arterial diameter in vivo.


Design of an 18-unit rodent activity treadmill cage and stimulation system.


Use and evaluation of gas chromatography for determination of deuterium in body fluids.


Normographic approach for the estimation of heart rate recovery time after exercise.


Pneumatically operated withdrawal and injection system.


The susceptibility of London-hooded and Wistar rats to experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni.


The influence of dietary protein level upon the response of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni to treatment with niridazole (ambilhar).


Some observations on the development of Spirocerca lupi in its intermediate and definitive hosts.


Mechanisms for the dispersal of parasitic nematode larvae. 1. Psychodid flies as transport hosts.


Mechanisms for the dispersal of parasitic nematode larvae. 2. Rats as potential paratenic hosts for Oesophagostomum (Strongyloidea).


Helminths of birds and mammals from Israel. 3. Helminths from chromosomal forms of the mole-rat, Spalax ehrenbergi.


The effect of the plane of nutrition on parasitism by Ostertagia spp. in the lactating ewe.


The application of catalytic models to Schistosomiasis in snails.


Shell abnormalities in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni nd their significance in field transmission studies.


The attachment and penetration apparatus of the miracidium of Schistosoma.


Electron microscope and histochemical observations on the daughter sporocyst of Schistosoma mattheel and Schistosoma bovis.


Studies on Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann, 1910) and its development in Simulium ornatum (Meigen, 1818). I. Observations on O.gutturosa in cattle in South-East England.


Studies on Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann, 1910) and its development in Simulium ornatum (Meigen, 1818). II. Behaviour of S. ornatum in relation to the transmission of O. gutturosa.


Studies on the nematode parasites of Malaysian rodents. I. The Rhabdiasidea, Trichuridea and Oxyuridea.


A comparison of two geographical strains of Schistosoma haematobium.


Porphyria erythropoietica in India. A review report on 21 cases.


A simple appliance for plaster jacket and hip spica in infants and young children.


Porphyria erythropoietica in India. Observations on a new case with certain unusual features.


Porphyria erythropoietica.

Porphyria erythropoietica.


Alcohol state-dependent learning in man.


Verbal learning in alcoholic patients. Some consequences of positive and negative reinforcement on free-recall learning.


Recovery of memory functioning in alcoholics following prolonged alcohol intoxication.


Moderate drinking by chronic alcoholics. A schedule-dependent phenomenon.


Linking sexual and aggressive motives: contributions of "irrelevant" arousals.


Metabolic impairment and recovery time in acute ethanol intoxication.


Locus of control of reinforcement and responsiveness to social influence.


Type and frequency of praise as determinants of favorability of self-image: an experiment in a field setting.


Who volunteers for companionship with mental patients? A study of attitude-belief-intention relationships.


The equity restoring components of retaliation.


Antibodies against Coxsackie group B viruses using HAI tests in the human sera collected from poona.


Neuropathologic findings in patients dying after cardio-vascular surgery with the use of cardio-pulmonary by-pass.


Syphilitic deafness. A case report.

Syphilitic deafness. A case report.


Dressler's syndrome. A report of four cases.


Stevens-Johnson syndrome. A case report.


Post-traumatic brain abscess.

Post-traumatic brain abscess.


Volvulus of the small intestine due to malrotation occurring in late adolescence. A case report.


Current issues in methadone treatment of heroin dependence.


The battered child syndrome in Iceland.

The battered child syndrome in Iceland.


Some problems of health care organization in Czechoslovakia.


Problems in the measurement and evaluation of patient symptoms and behavior.


A study of prescribing patterns.

A study of prescribing patterns.


Severe malnutrition in a middle-aged man with anorexia nervosa.


Internal chart audits in a neighborhood health program: a problem-oriented approach.


The effects of various fat supplements on the nutritional and pathogenic characteristics of diets containing erucic acid in ducklings.


Medical manpower: a multivariate analysis of the distribution of physicians in urban United States.


Variations in visits to hospital emergency care facilities: ritualistic and meteorological factors affecting supply and demand.


Diurnal patterns of plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids in normal subjects and in patients with endogenous (type IV) hyperlipoproteinemia.


Muddling through: planning for health care in England.


Comparative research on the acoustic system.


Treatment of acute acoustic trauma with low molecular weight dextran.


Operation of chronic otitis media with formation of a local reservoir of antibiotics. Clinical and functional results.


Fee splitting now outlawed in Illinois.

Fee splitting now outlawed in Illinois.


Wallerian degeneration of cardiac nerves.


Berg-adder bite.

Berg-adder bite.


Immunoglobulin levels in protein calorie malnutrition.


Persistence of Australia (Au-) antigen among patients in a hospital for mentally retarded and its relation to chronic liver disease.


Hepatitis with Australia antigen after tattooing.


Echovirus type 6 meningitis. Clinical and virological observations during an epidemic in Turku in 1968.


Fulminant meningococcemia. Heparin therapy and survival rate.


A 12-year review of acute bacterial meningitis in Stockholm.


Atypical mycobacterial infections in children.


Intracutaneous test reactions to tuberculin containing merthiolate as a preservative.


Mumps arthritis without parotitis.

Mumps arthritis without parotitis.


A cartography of the ecstatic and meditative states.


Plasmacytosis, probably of hereditary nature, with hyperglobulinaemia, sideropenia and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in a child.


Microanalysis of individual mitochondrial granules with diameters less than 1000 angstroms. A scanning electron microscope was converted to an electron microprobe with high spatial resolution by the addition of a transmitted electron detector and a solid-state x-ray detector. Spectra obtained from mitochondrial granules of chondrocytes in situ confirm the suspected presence of calcium and phosphorus. Contamination during analysis can lead to false indications of silicon in living tissue.


The nation's rivers.

The nation's rivers.


Galactose toxicity in the chick: hyperosmolality. Galactose-fed chicks have been found to develop severe hyperosmolar dehydration. Although biochemical abnormalities have been observed in the brain of the galactose-toxic chick, the observed physiologic alteration of serum osmolality could be the major factor responsible for the galactose toxicity syndrome in the chick.


Prenatal cerebral development: effect of restricted diet, reversal by growth hormone. Caloric restriction of rats from day 10 to day 20 of pregnancy results in significant decreases in body weight, placental weight, cerebral weight, cerebral DNA, and cerebral protein of the offspring at birth. These decreases did not usually occur if mothers on the restricted diet were treated concomitantly with bovine growth hormone. If growth hormone did not cross the placenta, then, it is postulated, at least one effect of growth hormone was the mobilization of maternal nutrient reserves.


Strontium accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in vascular smooth muscle. Electron-opaque deposits of strontium were observed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria of spontaneously contracting vascular smooth muscles that had been incubated in a strontium-containing solution prior to fixation. The deposits were present in those elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are in close contact with the surface membrane and also in more centrally located portions. In vascular smooth muscle that does not contract spontaneously, similar deposits of strontium were only seen if the muscle was depolarized during or glycerinated before exposure to the strontium-containing solution. Strontium was also deposited in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the endothelium. It is suggested that translocation of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is in close contact with the surface membrane, and now shown to accumulate divalent cations, is responsible for the action potential-triggered contractions of rabbit and guinea pig mesenteric veins. Strontium may also be a suitable marker for identifying sites that accumulate calcium in other types of cells in which translocation of calcium plays a major regulatory function.


Stereoscopic depth movement: two eyes less sensitive than one. Visual sensitivity to stimuli with sinusoidal movement was examined under a number of conditions of binocular stimulation. Sensitivity to stereoscopic movement in depth was reduced in comparison to that for monocular movement. The reduced sensitivity appeared to be due to the presence of stereoscopic depth movement, as opposed to stereoscopic stimulation, binocular movement, or fusion of the images.


Growth inhibition by mechanical stress.

Growth inhibition by mechanical stress.


Influence of dactinomycin on the ultrastructural changes induced in rat hepatocytes by spironolactone and pregnelonone-16  -carbonitrile.


Biological basis of ageing.

Biological basis of ageing.


Effects of muscle relaxant on adrenocortical function during halothane anesthesia in man.


Sodium retention and noradrenaline sensitivity of the pupils and of the cardiovascular system.


Effect of isoproterenol on rat plasma creatine phosphokinase activity.


The effect of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthin on the  -adrenergic receptors and on the activity of isoprenaline.


Mechanism of enchancement of adenosine action by dipyridamole and lidoflazine, in dogs.


Ocular absorption of catecholamines.

Ocular absorption of catecholamines.


Neuropharmacologic analysis of AHR-2277 a new psychotherapeutic agent.


Acute diuretic response to guanethidine and reserpine.


The effects of lidocaine on systemic and coronary hemodynamics.


Chromosome aberrations in mitoses and meioses in vivo.


Possibilities of routine in vivo mutagenicity testing in mammals.


Why must drugs and other environmental agents be tested for mutagenicity.


A feedback model for behavior: application to a rat experiment.


The evaluation of mutagenicity tests within the scope of toxicological trials.


Kinetic analysis of insulin action on amino acid uptake by isolated chick embryo heart cells. 1. Isolated chick embryo heart cells were used to investigate the mode of action of insulin on the transport of three naturally occurring amino acids: l-proline, l-serine and glycine. Initial velocities of uptake were measured over a period of 5min with an 80-fold range of amino acid concentration. Corrections for amino acid diffusion, incorporation into protein and conversion into carbon dioxide were introduced. 2. The uptake processes approximated Michaelis-Menten kinetics within definite ranges of amino acid concentrations. A single transport system for proline and at least two transport systems for serine and glycine were detected. 3. The kinetic effects of insulin on transport systems for the amino acids tested were consistent with an acceleration of the maximal velocity of the process, without substantial changes in substrate concentration for half-maximal transport velocity. 4. These hormonal effects were not essentially altered by the corrections for amino acid incorporation into protein and conversion into carbon dioxide.


The substrate specificity of purine phosphoribosyltransferases in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 1. The activities of the purine phosphoribosyltransferases (EC 2.4.2.7 and 2.4.2.8) in purine-analogue-resistant mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were checked. An 8-azathioxanthine-resistant mutant lacked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activities (EC 2.4.2.8) and appeared to carry a single mutation. Two 2,6-diaminopurine-resistant mutants retained these activities but lacked adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.2.7). This evidence, together with data on purification and heat-inactivation patterns of phosphoribosyltransferase activities towards the various purines, strongly suggests that there are two phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes for purine bases in Schiz. pombe, one active with adenine, the other with hypoxanthine, xanthine and guanine. 2. Neither growth-medium supplements of purines nor mutations on genes involved in the pathway for new biosynthesis of purine have any influence on the amount of hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase produced by this organism.


Protein aggregation in C-phycocyanin. Studies at very low concentrations with the photoelectric scanner of the ultracentrifuge. Solutions of C-phycocyanin of very low concentrations were examined by sedimentation-velocity studies in the Spinco model E ultracentrifuge equipped with a photoelectric scanning system and a monochromator. At sufficiently low concentrations complete disaggregation from the hexamer to the monomer was observed. The equilibrium constant of monomer to hexamer was estimated to be approx. 10(30). For studies of aggregation over the complete range of concentration, C-phycocyanins from Phormidium luridum and Lyngbya sp. were used. Sedimentation-velocity studies at high concentration with schlieren optics are reported for C-phycocyanins from Anabaena variabilis and Lyngbya sp. The pH-dependence of aggregation and the temperature-dependence of trimer-hexamer equilibrium for phycocyanins from these algae were found to be similar to those of other C-phycocyanins. The principal feature of the pH-dependence is the dominance of hexamers at the isoelectric point. Increasing temperature increased the amount of hexamer and decreased the amount of trimer.


The metabolism of retinyl methyl ether in the rat in vivo. 1. Retinyl methyl ether was converted into vitamin A in vitamin A-deficient rats regardless of whether administered by oral, intraperitoneal, intramuscular or subcutaneous route; intramuscular administration seemed to be the best for conversion as well as storage. 2. Significantly, unchanged retinyl methyl ether was also found in the liver after oral administration but not after administration by other routes. 3. Oral administration of 1mg of retinyl methyl ether led to a progressive increase in liver vitamin A with time reaching a value of 16% of administered dose after 24h. No retinyl methyl ether was detectable in liver at any time-interval in this experiment. 4. Conversely, oral administration of 4mg of retinyl methyl ether/day for 4 days led to the accumulation of 25% of the dose as unchanged retinyl methyl ether in the liver 1 day after the last dose; however, it was gradually but completely converted into vitamin A over a period of 18 days. 5. The significance of these findings with special reference to the fundamental metabolism of vitamin A, the site of conversion of retinyl methyl ether into vitamin A, the relative efficiency of various routes of administration and its biological activity are discussed.


The effect of pH on cathepsin activities in mouse liver heterolysosomes. 1. Mouse liver heterolysosomes containing (125)I-labelled albumin were incubated at 35 degrees C in 0.25m-sucrose-0.05m-mercaptoethanol, and various concentrations of buffers at pH4, 5, 7 or 8, and the degradation of intraparticulate protein was measured. 2. Buffers at pH4, 7 or 8 inhibited proteolytic activity and the inhibitions were greater with increasing concentrations of buffers. Tris-acetate buffer, pH8, was a more effective inhibitor. Tris-acetate buffer, pH5, neither inhibited nor stimulated proteolytic activity at concentrations up to 0.1m. 3. Inhibition by pH8 buffers could be accounted for by increased breakage rates of heterolysosomes. 4. Preincubation of heterolysosomes in 0.2m-sodium bicarbonate inhibited proteolytic activity when the particles were washed free of bicarbonate, but the inhibition was reversed if these particles were incubated in media containing pH5 buffer. The inhibition was shown not to be due to an increased breakage of heterolysosomes. 5. It was concluded that the pH within heterolysosomes is about 5, and it is possible to alter reversibly the pH within these particles. The possibility for the existence of an intralysosomal buffering system which maintains the pH at about 5 in heterolysosomes is discussed. This buffering system may be related to the presence of large quantities of acidic lipoproteins in lysosomes observed by other investigators.


Phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol acyltransferase in the ultracentrifugal residual protein fraction of rat plasma. 1. The phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol acyltransferase of rat plasma was dissociated from the plasma lipoproteins by ultracentrifugation and shown to be present in the plasma residual-protein fraction of density >1.210. 2. The general properties of the acyltransferase were substantially unchanged in the residual fraction as judged from the effects of differences in the substrates and of overnight starvation on the formation of different cholesterol esters. 3. The enzyme from rats starved overnight, by comparison with the enzyme from fed rats, preferentially formed cholesteryl arachidonate at the expense of cholesteryl linoleate. 4. The results suggest that ultracentrifugal separation of the plasma residual fraction may be used as an initial step for the purification of the acyltransferase.


Properties of fractionated chondroitin sulphate from ox nasal septa. 1. Chondroitin sulphate was isolated from bovine nasal septa by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride after digestion of the tissue with papain. 2. The material was divided into two portions, one of which was partially degraded with testicular hyaluronidase. 3. Untreated and hyaluronidase-digested material were fractionated into a total of eleven subfractions by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and Sephadex G-100 respectively. 4. Chemical analyses indicated that the composition of all the fractions was similar to that of chondroitin sulphate. However, electrophoresis revealed a charge-inhomogeneity in the low-molecular-weight fractions obtained after hyaluronidase digestion. 5. The physicochemical properties of the subfractions were investigated by sedimentation-velocity, diffusion and sedimentation-equilibrium studies, osmometry, viscometry and gel chromatography. The individual fractions were essentially monodisperse and showed molecular weights ranging from 2400 to 36000. 6. The relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight was [eta]=5.0x10(-6)xM(1.14), indicating that the chondroitin sulphate molecules assume a shape intermediate between that of a random coil and a stiff rod. 7. The relationship between the sedimentation constant and the molecular weight (>10(4)) was s(0) (20,w)=2.3x10(-2)xM(0.44).


Enzymic formation of p-hydroxybenzoate from p-hydroxycinnamate. An enzyme that converts p-hydroxycinnamate into p-hydroxybenzoate was found in rat liver. It is localized in the mitochondria and requires ATP. The activity is lost when the mitochondria are stored frozen overnight. Addition of magnesium chloride, cytochrome c, GSH, coenzyme A or potassium cyanide did not have any effect on the activity. When the rats were fed with alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate, the rate of formation of p-hydroxybenzoate increased twofold. The reaction has some similar properties to fatty acid oxidation, but appears to be different in many respects.


The metabolic interconversion of arecoline and arecoline 1-oxide in the rat. 1. Tritiation of arecoline hydrochloride by catalytic exchange in aqueous media (done by The Radiochemical Centre) gave arecaidine hydrochloride of high specific radioactivity; this on treatment with diazomethane gave [(3)H]arecoline, which was oxidized with peroxyacetic acid to [(3)H]arecoline 1-oxide. 2. Arecoline 1-oxide gave arecaidine 1-oxide on acid hydrolysis and 1,2-dihydro-1-methylnicotinic acid methyl ester on thermal decomposition. 3. [(3)H]Arecoline hydrochloride was metabolized in the rat into the (3)H-labelled derivatives of arecoline 1-oxide, arecaidine 1-oxide, arecaidine, N-acetyl-S-(3-carboxy-1-methylpiperid-4-yl)-l-cysteine and an unidentified metabolite; some unchanged arecoline was also excreted. [(3)H]Arecoline 1-oxide gave the same metabolities, but in different amounts. 4. The possible relevance of these findings to betel-nut carcinogenesis is discussed.


Bacterial metabolism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate. Formation of glyoxylate by side-chain cleavage. Crude extracts of Pseudomonas sp. grown on 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate as sole source of carbon were shown to oxidize 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate to 5-chloro-o-cresol and glyoxylate. A labelled 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone was isolated from an incubation mixture in which 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy[carboxy-(14)C]acetate was used. The hydrazone was shown to behave identically on thin-layer chromatograms with the authentic 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of glyoxylate. Radioactivity assay showed that 82% of the side chain of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate was recovered as glyoxylate.


Metabolism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate by a soil pseudomonad. Preliminary evidence for the metabolic pathway. 1. A pseudomonad capable of utilizing the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate as a sole carbon source was isolated from soil and cultured in liquid medium. 2. Analysis of induction patterns of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate-grown cells suggests that 5-chloro-o-cresol and 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol are early intermediates in the oxidation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate. Cells were not adapted to oxidize 4-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-methylphenoxyacetate. 3. In culture, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate rapidly disappeared and the chlorine in the molecule was quantitatively released as Cl(-) ion. 4. A lactone (gamma-carboxymethylene-alpha-methyl-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide) was isolated from cultures and established as an intermediate. 5. The following metabolic pathway is suggested: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate --> 5-chloro-o-cresol --> 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol --> cis-cis-gamma-chloro-alpha-methylmuconate --> gamma-carboxymethylene-alpha-methyl-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide --> gamma-hydroxy-alpha-methylmuconate. 6. The tentative identification of 5-chloro-o-cresol, a gamma-chloro-alpha-methylmuconate and gamma-hydroxy-alpha-methylmuconate in culture extracts supports this scheme. However, the catechol was never observed to accumulate in cultures. 7. The detection of 4-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-methylphenoxyacetate, 2-methyl-phenoxyacetate, a dehalogenated cresol and oxalate in culture extracts is discussed in relation to the proposed metabolic pathway.


Bacterial metabolism of 4-chlorophenoxyacetate. 1. A pseudomonad capable of utilizing 4-chlorophenoxyacetate (CPA) as sole source of organic carbon was isolated from soil. 2. The organism was grown in liquid culture and the following compounds were isolated and identified in culture extracts: 4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxyacetate, 4-chlorocatechol, beta-chloromuconate probably the cis-trans isomer and gamma-carboxymethylene-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide. 3. Cells grown on 4-chlorophenoxyacetate were able to metabolize 4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxyacetate, 4-chlorocatechol and gamma-carboxymethylene-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide without a lag period. They were not adapted to 4-chlorophenol, or to either culture isolated or synthetic beta-chloromuconate, possibly because of stereospecificity towards the cis-cis isomer. 4. On the basis of isolation and induction evidence, the following metabolic pathway is proposed for the breakdown of 4-chlorophenoxyacetate by this organism: 4-chlorophenoxyacetate --> 4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxyacetate --> 4-chlorocatechol --> cis-cis-beta-chloromuconate --> gamma-carboxymethylene-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide --> maleylacetate and fumarylacetate --> fumarate and acetate.


Metabolism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate by a soil pseudomonad. Ring-fission, lactonizing and delactonizing enzymes. 1. A cell-free system, prepared from Pseudomonas N.C.I.B. 9340 grown on 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA) was shown to catalyse the reaction sequence: 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol --> cis-cis-gamma-chloro-alpha-methylmuconate --> gamma-carboxymethylene-alpha-methyl-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide --> gamma-hydroxy-alpha-methylmuconate. 2. The activity of the three enzymes involved in these reactions was completely resolved and the lactonizing and delactonizing enzymes were separated. 3. This part of the metabolic pathway of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate is thus confirmed for this bacterium. 4. The ring-fission oxygenase required Fe(2+) or Fe(3+) and reduced glutathione for activity; the lactonizing enzyme is stimulated by Mn(2+), Mg(2+), Co(2+) and Fe(2+); no cofactor requirement could be demonstrated for the delactonizing enzyme. 5. cis-cis-gamma-Chloro-alpha-methylmuconic acid was isolated and found to be somewhat unstable, readily lactonizing to gamma-carboxymethylene-alpha-methyl-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide. 6. Enzymically the lactonization appears to be a single-step dehydrochlorinase reaction.


Bacterial metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. 1. Two Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil metabolized 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) as sole carbon source in mineral salts liquid medium. 2. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate cultures of Pseudomonas I (Smith, 1954) contained 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol and alpha-chloromuconate, the last as a major metabolite. 3. Dechlorination at the 4(p)-position of the aromatic ring must therefore take place at some stages before ring fission. 4. Pseudomonas N.C.I.B. 9340 (Gaunt, 1962) cultures metabolizing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate contained 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxyphenoxyacetate, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol and an unstable compound, probably alphagamma-dichloromuconate. 5. Cell-free extracts of the latter organism grown in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate cultures contained an oxygenase that converted 3,5-dichlorocatechol into alphagamma-dichloromuconate, a chlorolactonase that in the presence of Mn(2+) ions converted the dichloromuconate into gamma-carboxymethylene-alpha-chloro-Delta(alphabeta)-butenolide, and a delactonizing enzyme that gave alpha-chloromaleylacetate from this lactone. 6. Pathways of metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate are discussed.


Development of adenylate kinase isoenzymes in rat liver. Total adenylate kinase activity was determined in developing rat liver. The activity was 18 units/g wet weight of tissue in foetal liver; this increased to 41 units/g immediately after birth and continued increasing until adult activities of 150 units/g were reached after two weeks. The adenylate kinase activity was separated into four isoenzymes. Only isoenzymes II and III were observed in foetal rat liver. Isoenzyme II activity was 2 units/g in the foetal liver and increased to 25 units/g in adult liver. Adenylate kinase III activity was 20 units/g in the foetal liver and increased to 118 units/g in adult liver. The possible role that adenylate kinase might have in regulating the energy flow in the developing liver cell is discussed.


A requirement for dietary lipids for induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbitone in rat liver microsomal fraction. 1. Rats fed on purified synthetic diets have a markedly lower cytochrome P-450 concentration and hydroxylating enzyme activity in liver microsomal fraction than rats fed on stock pellets. 2. When both groups are treated with phenobarbitone the difference is even greater, the purified diet allowing only 50% of the cytochrome P-450 concentrations of controls. 3. Addition of herring oil, linoleic acid or 0.1% oxidized sitosterol to the diets allows induction of cytochrome P-450 to take place. 4. Addition of coconut oil to the diet does not permit induction of cytochrome P-450. 5. The interactions between dietary protein and the lipid substances are explored. 6. The mechanism of induction of microsomal hydroxylation enzymes by drugs is discussed in the light of these requirements.


The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine O( 35 S)-sulphate in the rat.


Isolation of a reticulocyte protein which specifically inhibits the cell free synthesis of liver proteins.


Motor activity in early life. 3. Premature babies with neonatal tyrosinaemia; a pilot study.


Operations for obesity.

Operations for obesity.


Prenatal diagnosis.

Prenatal diagnosis.


Health departments galore.

Health departments galore.


Mental hospital revolution.

Mental hospital revolution.


Cot deaths.

Cot deaths.


Vitamin E in athletics.

Vitamin E in athletics.


Pupillary mobility and skin colour.

Pupillary mobility and skin colour.


British Society of Digestive Endoscopy.

British Society of Digestive Endoscopy.


Phenylalanine absorption and metabolism in Parkinsonian patients. Oral and intravenous L-phenylalanine loading tests were performed in 13 Parkinsonian patients and in 12 control subjects matched for age and weight. The results showed a normal intestinal absorption and a normal elimination from plasma of phenylalanine in the Parkinsonian patients.


Use of metolazone in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease. In 8 out of 20 patients with chronic liver disease ascites was controlled with metolazone, 10 required additional amiloride or spironolactone to achieve control, and 2 were resistant to all diuretic therapy. An initial dose of 5 mg daily is suggested, though much higher doses may be required ultimately. When metolazone is used alone the high incidence of hypokalaemia (80%), hypochloraemia (35%), and encephalopathy (35%) compared with the results of other series is a major disadvantage and indicates that this drug should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Hypokalaemia can usually be prevented by the simultaneous administration of amiloride or spironolactone. The low incidence of azotaemia (5%) suggests that this diuretic may be useful if renal function is particularly impaired.


Factors influencing return to work.

Factors influencing return to work. Seventy-seven patients with severe brachial plexus injuries were interviewed two or more years later to determine their success in returning to work and the factors that had led to good or bad resettlement. For most of them these were crucial issues potentially influencing the rest of their lives. When interviewed virtually all had regular jobs in open industry, but many had endured long delays and most were working entirely one-handed. Failure of communication was regrettably common. Too often advice by doctors had been lacking, and there was evidence that the services for vocational resettlement could be improved.


Aluminium in bone from patients with renal failure. Some samples of bone from patients with renal failure contained more aluminium than others, and the concentration tended to be highest in patients who had been uraemic or on dialysis longest. The significance of the association of raised concentrations of aluminium in bone with renal failure is discussed.


Geriatric patients: do their families care? A study of the reasons for admission of 280 patients from their own homes to a geriatric unit in the East End of Glasgow showed that in two-thirds of cases patients were admitted primarily because they failed to receive adequate basic care at home (usually because of lack of relatives) or because their relatives suffered undue strain in caring for them. Neglect by relatives played a negligible part in the need for admission.


Pregnancy testing.

Pregnancy testing.


Solar flares and the Concorde.

Solar flares and the Concorde.


Amniotic cell culture.

Amniotic cell culture.


Obesity and smoking habits.

Obesity and smoking habits.


Normal range for serum transaminase.

Normal range for serum transaminase.


Cholangiogram cannula-introducing forceps.


Lymph nodes and gastric cancer.

Lymph nodes and gastric cancer.


Antileprosy drugs.

Antileprosy drugs.


Fingerprint changes in dermatitis herpetiformis.


Agranulocytosis associated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.


Chromosome breakage and ultrasound.

Chromosome breakage and ultrasound.


Air embolism during haemodialysis.

Air embolism during haemodialysis.


Screening of elderly patients.

Screening of elderly patients.


Hypoglycaemia in infancy and childhood.

Hypoglycaemia in infancy and childhood.


Medical students in casualty departments.


Surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis.


Cut 1, scene 2: or how to make a film in your spare time.


Wanted: a theory of nursing.

Wanted: a theory of nursing.


Hospital diet line.

Hospital diet line.


The patient who needed a friend.

The patient who needed a friend.


Intrarenal arteriovenous fistula following percutaneous renal biopsy in focal glomerulonephritis. A case report.


Non-equivalent preparations of the same drug.


The carotid body in cardiopulmonary disease.


Unit analysis of hippocampal polulation spikes.


Educational implications of licensing nursing home administrators in Connecticut (under the requirement of Sections 1902(a) (29) and 1908 of the Social Security Act).


The anatomy and physiology of the female genitalia during infancy childhood and adolescence.


Examination of the genital organs in the newborn, the child and the adolescent patient.


Infections of the genital organs in children and adolescent girls.


Congenital malformations.

Congenital malformations.


Genital tumors in female infants children and adolescents.


Secondary amenorrhea in the adolescent patient.


Intersexual problems.

Intersexual problems.


Pregnancy and labour in the very young girl.


Accumulation of serotonin by human thrombocytes during starvation.


Hypocitricemic effects of calcitonin, parathyroidectomy and surgical stress.


The effect of growth hormone in vitro on muscle accumulation and incorporation of arginine.


Some evidence for binding of  3 H-progesterone in the rat uterus.


Inhibition of gastric secretion by calcitonin in man.


Circulating insulin and tissular reactivity to insulin in the rat during the perinatal period.


Effect of diabetes of the formation of the active sulphate carrier phosphoadenosine-phosphosulphate (PAPS) by rat liver soluble enzyme.


The effect of 2-deoxy-glucose and 3-methyl-glucose on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in the chick embryo heart.


Exogenous and endogenous insulin sensitivity following a single growth hormone injection.


Suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and growth hormone release with dexamethasone.


The effect of stress on growth hormone, glucose and glycerol levels in newborn infants.


Comparison of secretin response to oral intraduodenal or intravenous glucose administration.


Isolation, crystallization and amino acid composition of rat glucagon.


Studies on the metabolism of  -guanidinobutyric acid (HL 521) and its amide (HL 523).


Calcium metabolism and tolerance in thyroid disease.


Electrophoresis of ( 35 S) sulphated insulin. Immunological and biological properties of the isolated electrophoretic components.


Insulin in the pancreatic blood and insulin half-life in an Alsatian bitch with spontaneous diabetes.


Plasma cortisol and corticosterone in normal and diabetic women during pregnancy and labor and after delivery.


Degradation studies of insulin in the isolated perfused rat liver, with and without blocked reticuloendothelial system.


Heat loss in the newborn infant.

Heat loss in the newborn infant.


Calcitonin stimulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro.


Enzyme studies on white blood cells and their significance for genetics.


Chromosomic abortions. The value of new data and the interest of further research.


Late consequences of perinatal troubles.


Smallpox in children. A clinical study of 100 cases.


Cytogenetic studies in Indian childhood cirrhosis.


Erotic feelings in children.

Erotic feelings in children.


Psychogenic illness in childhood.

Psychogenic illness in childhood.


A longitudinal study on protein calorie malnutrition in North Indian pre-school children. Incidence, nature, prevention and control.


Determination of faecal fat by balance experiments. A clinical and experimental study.


Surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernia in neonates.


Magnesium levels in serum, erythrocytes and urine in protein calorie malnutrition.


Development of the rat iris.

Development of the rat iris.


The role of the doctor vis-a-vis the school child.


Ultrasonographic assessment of the implant lens required to produce emmetropia after implantation.


Lymphocyte-stimulating activity of ocular tissues in sympathetic ophthalmia.


RNA synthesis in the rod cell of the rat.


Retinitis pigmentosa in abetalipoproteinemia: Effects of vitamin A.


Distensibility measurement of the rabbit eye.


Facial paralysis by direct transtympanal trauma.


Medical schools and community health care. A perspective.


A new place for physical education in national development.


Double heterozygosity for hemoglobin E and hemoglobin New York in a Thai family.


Hairspray, a new fixative for cytodiagnosis.


Phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity in Thailand.


Obstetric education and services in four countries.


Testicular feminization syndrome. A report of four siblings.


Pericardial complications of liver abscess. A case report.


Idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome). Report of 2 cases in the same family.


Use of magnifying multihole colimators in the gamma-ray camera system.


Progressive histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the zona glomerulosa induced by sodium deficiency during pregnancy in the rat.


Relationship of growth hormone to the growth retardation associated with maternal dietary restriction.


Effect of starvation, dietary protein and partial hepatectomy on rat liver aspartate and ornithine carbamoyltransferases.


Inability of the growing rat to substitute L-histidinol for L-histidine.


Nitrogen balance of men fed amino acid mixtures based on Rose's requirements, egg white protein, and serum free amino acid patterns.


Undernutrition and intestinal dipeptide hydrolase activity in the rat.


Specific inhibition of cholesterol absorption in sulfaguanidine-fed rats.


Serum deoxyribonuclease I and its inhibitor in growing and pregnant rats.


Selenium and tellurium in rats: effect on growth, survival and tumors.


Lipid composition and metabolism in liver mitochondria and microsomes of rats fed a low protein diet.


Effects of dietary biotin on liver pyruvate carboxylase and  32 P incorporation into nucleic acids in livers of chicks.


Time course of the starve-refeed response in rats; the possible role of insulin.


Contribution of maternal rat iron stores to fetal iron in maternal iron deficiency and overload.


Iron deficiency lipemia in the rat and chick.


Effect of specific amino acids on in vitro protein synthesizing system from rats.


The penetration of rubidium, sucrose and inulin into rat seminiferous tubules in vivo and in vitro.


The effects of temperature on responses of isolated rabbit ear arteries to externally administered L-noradrenaline, D-noradrenaline, L-adrenaline, histamine and metaraminol.


How large is the receptive field of a single retinal ganglion cell?


Effect of simulated time zone shifts upon plasma corticosteroid rhythms.


Substrate requirements of foetal mouse hearts maintained for long periods in organ culture.


The ratio of oxidative recovery to initial heat in toad sartorius.


Changes in the metabolism of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis associated with the development of host immunity.


Fluid debridement of the burn wound.

Fluid debridement of the burn wound.


Immediate full weight-bearing in the treatment of hip fractures.


Enhanced survival in burned mice treated with antiserum prepared against normal and burned skin.


Gas gangrene.

Gas gangrene.


The meaning of trauma.

The meaning of trauma.


The director of the emergency department.


Snakebite--an unpredictable emergency.

Snakebite--an unpredictable emergency.


Tibial artery bypass for ischemia resulting from fractures.


Monteggia fracture of the forearm.

Monteggia fracture of the forearm.


Lythraceous alkaloids. V. Isolation of ten alkaloids from Lythrum anceps.


Research in multiple sclerosis.

Research in multiple sclerosis.


The impact of a changing society on community health programmes.


Skin eruptions in drug-induced coma.

Skin eruptions in drug-induced coma.


Anicteric viral hepatitis in blood donors. A clinico-pathological and Australia antigen study in Singapore.


The effects of the southern Australian marine stinging sponges, Neofibularia mordens and Lissodendoryx sp.


Long-term anticoagulation in venous thromboembolic disease by subcutaneous calcium heparin injection.


Accident proneness.

Accident proneness.


Accident proneness: an unaffordable philosophy.


The accident-prone car driver--does he exist?


The myth of accident proneness.

The myth of accident proneness.


Accident proneness: some psychological research.


Teaching interpersonal skills. The use of role playing with sixth-year medical students.


Academic staff in clinical departments.

Academic staff in clinical departments.


Financial arrangements for the medical treatment and hospitalization of officially sponsored overseas students.


The allocation of junior resident medical officers in N.S.W.


Fourth Australian medical congress.

Fourth Australian medical congress.


National Health Service.

National Health Service.


The most common fee.

The most common fee.


National Health Service: referral of patients.


Brain-damage syndrome in phenylketonuria.


Individual differences in tapping performance as a function of time on the task.


Distortion of self-ascribed characteristics.


Dream recall and individual differences.


Systematic evaluation of an auditory perceptual skill model in a prereading sample.


On Wessler's 'estimating IQ: expertise or examiner effect?': research and discussion.


Individual differences in information processing: comparison of simple visual stimuli.


An extended study of the behavioral effects of respiratory Pasteurella tularensis in man.


The orthogonality of psychoticism and neuroticism: a factorial study.


Use of three measures of field organization with young children.


Intra- and intersensory matching by nursery school children.


Cognitive styles and the schizophrenias and character disorders.


Apparatus for operant measure of sexual behavior in female rats.


Relation of the self, ideal-self and the "deserved spouse".


Visual imagery in brain-injured children.


Effect of ability level upon retention of a balance skill after two years.


Effects of stimulus characteristics on recognition memory in elementary school children.


Test anxiety, GSR and academic achievement.


Relationship between depth perception and hand-eye dominance and free-throw shooting in college women.


Need for affiliation in suicide notes.

Need for affiliation in suicide notes.


Note on long-term habituation of freezing responses of bobwhite quail to a hawk.


Shock-setting behavior as a function of physical attack and extrinsic reward.


CPI descriptions of alcoholics differing in alienation.


Influence of stimulus discriminability on psychological refractory period effect.


Trail making test results for normal and brain-damaged children.


The hypnotic nightmare.

The hypnotic nightmare.


Search for a bilateral kinesthetic difference.


Catecholamine output during and after acute alcoholic intoxication.


Sensorimotor functions in brain-damaged and normal children of early school age.


Complex motor functions of the preferred and non-preferred hands in brain-damaged and normal children.


Predicted concomitant of motor activity.


Ordinal position of birth, field dependency and Forer's measure of gullibility.


Studies on organ origin of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP. 3.


Alkaline phosphatase activity in leukocytes of patients with renal failure treated with dialyses.


Serum transferrin after oral iron loading.


Studies on the effect of noise on cardiorespiratory efficiency.


Painless myocardial infarction in psychiatric patients.


Effect of lipotropin on blood lipids in patients with myocardial infarction.


Congenital deficiency of factor VII in the light of two cases.


Prevention and treatment of postoperative thyrotoxic crisis.


The localization of ulcer as related to the histology of gastric mucosa.


Diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary lesions on the basis of lung biopsy.


Biopsy of the lung by thoracotomy in disseminated pulmonary lesions.


Relationship between skin tests and behavior of the ventilatory indices after provocative inhalation tests in children with bronchial asthma.


The effect of treatment with bacterial vaccines on the behavior of ventilation indices in asthmatic children.


Results of spirographic, capnographic and gasometric tests in asthmatic children.


The Kveim reaction in diagnosis of sarcoidosis.


Protein absorption at various stages of infant development, as related to changes in the diet.


Estimation of mechanical resistance of venous autografts in internal diseases.


Investigations on the urinary excretion of metabolites of adrenal corticosteroids during the development of infants.


Biochemical and histological changes following imuran (azathioprine) administration.


Results of surgical treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with retrogasserian neurotomy in intradural modifiction.


Planimetric measurements of intervertebral foramina in cervical spondylosis.


Study on glial changes in hepato-lenticular degeneration.


The ultrastructure of the bullous lesions in Duhring's disease.


Comparison of the staphylococcal flora from nursery and gynecologic wards.


Reinforcing properties of nonnutritive sweeteners in dry compound.


Delayed CR in classical GSR conditioning.


Self-classification by subjects using Toman's birth-order categories.


Abstraction, associative focusing, and similarities tests: towards more clinically sensitive and better understood tests.


Conditioned jump-out avoidance acquisition and "incubation of fear" in a large sample of rats.


Sources of intellectual inefficiency.

Sources of intellectual inefficiency.


Intrusive and repetitive thought after stress: a replication study.


Role of stimulus generalization in the treatment of alcoholism.


Effects of insulin preparations on titrated sucrose regulation.


Relationship between self-esteem and locus of control.


Reinforcement and learning in schizophrenics.


Open-field behavior in isolate and trio chicks of two age groups.


Effects of stimulus compounding and time-out on conditional matching performance.


Species variability and rodent aversions for three sugars.


Role of frustration and anger in the imitation of filmed aggression against a human victim.


Factors affecting diagnostic judgments of manifest dream content in schizophrenia.


Toward an anthropology of dogmatism. II. Traditionalism, modernism, existentialism, and the counter culture: All in the Family.


Hippocampal lesions and the partial reinforcement effect.


Control of conspecific odors in the runway.


Relationship between number of identified reinforcers and depression-elation.


Effect of self-esteem on an unobtrusive measure of altruism.


Means-end thinking of schizophrenics.

Means-end thinking of schizophrenics.


Correlations between the WAIS and revised Beta, Wechsler memory scale and Quick test in a vocational rehabilitation center.


Parental attitudes and academic achievement in a sample of emotionally disturbed children.


Factor analyses of normal and depressed patients' memories of parenteral behavior.


Political participation as a function of internal-external locus of control.


Weight loss in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) continuously deprived of food, water, and both food and water.


Role of restricted running and goal-box placements in the double runway behavior of the albino rat.


Personality changes of hospitalized alcoholics after treatment.


Effects of reinforcement condition upon long-term retention of retarded.


Direction of self-estimate of ability and college-related criteria.


Attitudes of nursing students toward eight major disabilities.


Method of generated responses and schizophrenic deficit.


Depression: a preventive or predictive implication?


Cholinergic mechanisms and avoidance behavior acquisition: effects of nicotine in mice.


Associative learning by mentally retarded Ss as a function of grammatical structure of pairs.


Doxepin: effects on transport of biogenic amines in man.


Effect of chlorpromazine on conditioned avoidance as a function of CS-US interval length.


The effect of some hallucinogenic and other drugs on the temperature of reserpinized mice.


The role of brain norepinephrine in the anorexic effects of dextroamphetamine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the rat.


The effects of atropine on habituation in a light reinforcement situation.


Influence of (-)  9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and mescaline on the behavior of rats submitted to food competition situations.


The effect of L-DOPA on brain catecholamines and motility in rats.


The effect of drugs on stereotyped and nonstereotyped operant behaviors in retardates.


Perceptual training revisited. The training of nothing at all.


The integration of welfare and rehabilitation efforts for the rehabilitation of the public assistance client: an attainable goal.


Problems in the surgical management of Crohn's disease of the colon. I. Diagnosis.


Frontal sinus mucocoele. An unusual clinico-radiological presentation.


Soma aphorisms of electromyography.

Soma aphorisms of electromyography.


That forgotten human being--the patient.


Coagulation changes after combat trauma and sepsis.


Effects of actinomycin D on endogenous erythropoietic recovery of irradiated mice.


Aglycones of the toxins from the Cuvierian organs of Holothuria forskåli and a new nomenclature for the aglycones from holothurioideae.


Marine toxins from the Pacific. IX. Some effects of ciguatoxin on isolated mammalian atria.


The axillary glands of the plotosid catfish Cnidoglanis macrocephalus.


A simple method for the isolation of a phospholipase A from honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom.


Effect of purified scorpion toxin on vesicular components in the myenteric plexus of the rat.


Separation and purification of the coat proteins of phiX174.


Purification and antigenicity of three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus.


Effects of ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation on RNA phage in H 2 O and in D 2 O.


Pseudovirions of tobacco mosaic virus.

Pseudovirions of tobacco mosaic virus.


A functional equivalence of top component a RNA and coat protein in the initiation of infection by alfalfa mosaic virus.


Structural elements of viral ribonucleic acid and their variation. II.  32 P-oligonucleotide maps of large G-lacking segments of RNA of tobacco mosaic virus wild strains.


Adenovirus proteins. 3. Cell-free synthesis of adenovirus proteins in cytoplasmic extracts of KB cells.


The scimitar syndrome with particular reference to its pathogenesis.


Transient cholestasis during treatment with ajmaline, and chronic xanthomatous cholestasis after administration of ajmaline, methyltestosterone and ethinylestradiol. Two case reports.


The cardiac response to exercise in aortic valvular disease before and after ball valve replacement.


Studies in urinary tract infections. VI. Significance of clinical symptoms.


The ischemic lactic acid response and the muscle LDH-isoenzyme pattern in alcoholics.


Adenosinediphosphate induced platelet adhesiveness in diabetes mellitus with complications.


The electrocardiographic pattern and mortality risk in post-myocardial infarction patients. An 11-year follow-up study.


The effect of different digoxin doses on subjective symptoms and physical working capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation.


Digoxin dosage and ventricular rate at rest and exercise in patients with atrial fibrillation.


Time course for the change in hemoglobin concentration with change in posture.


Relation of load, rest length, work, and shortening to oxygen uptake by in situ dog semitendinosis.


Effects of arginine vasotocin on renal excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, and urea in the hydrated chicken.


Mechanical properties of smooth muscle. I. Length-tension and force-velocity relations.


Mechanical properties of smooth muscle. II. Active state.


Sensitivity of cholesterol turnover in rat liver to cold environmental stress.


Role of the pharyngeal plexus in initiation of swallowing.


Fatty acid oxidation by human platelets and its stimulation by thrombin.


Effect of saline diuresis on intrarenal blood flow in the rat.


Mechanical equilibrium of blood vessel walls.


Evidence of different compartments in the brain for extracellular markers.


Vitamin K in hereditary resistance to oral anticoagulant drugs.


Renal cortical renin activity and renin secretion at rest and in response to hemorrhage.


Rate of inactivation of endogenous or exogenous renin in normal and in renin-depleted rats.


Sympathetic nerve activity to the spleen, kidney, and heart in response to baroceptor input.


Effect of temperature on sodium transport in human erythrocytes in vitro.


Aortic baroreflex function in the dog.

Aortic baroreflex function in the dog.


Efferent vascular patterns and early vascular-tubular relations in the dog kidney.


Effects of bradykinin on the fetal circulation.


Dietary regulation of pancreatic enzymes in the rat with emphasis on carbohydrate.


Effect of diet on development of exocrine pancreas of the neonatal rat.


Plasma volume dynamics after hypertonic fluid infusions in nephrectomized dogs.


Effects of altering ventricular rate on blood flow distribution in conscious dogs.


Maturational changes in pressure gradients for glomerular filtration.


Effect of hypoxia on degradation of mitochondrial components in rat cardiac muscle.


Reflex control of first dorsal ray in filefish, Stephanolepus hispidus Linnaeus.


A microinjection study of nephron permeability to calcium and magnesium.


K+ transport and its relation to Na+ transport in distal tubule of the hydrated dog.


Intracardiac route of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex.


Circadian variations of DNA in mouse diaphragm.


Mechanical properties of isolated mammalian ureteral segments.


Collateral blood flow in conscious dogs with chronic coronary artery occlusion.


Vascular clearance and metabolism of lipid by the reticuloendothelial system in dogs.


Circulatory patterns of hibernators.

Circulatory patterns of hibernators.


Effect of hemorrhagic shock on renal oxygenation.


Role of peritubular protein concentration in sodium reabsorption.


Measurement of single-nephron glomerular filtration rate by micropuncture: analysis of error.


Calorigenic effect of norepinephrine in newborn rats.


Decay of calcium content and contractile force in the rabbit heart.


Correlations between heart rate and oxygen consumption in rodents.


Methyltestosterone effect on apolipoprotein A and albumin metabolism in canine serum.


Effect of metyrapone on plasma renin activity in dogs.


Cardiac output distribution in the rat: comparison of rubidium and microsphere methods.


Effects of papaverine and hemorrhage on renin secretion in the nonfiltering kidney.


Interrelated effects of antidiuretic hormone and adrenergic drugs on water metabolism.


Brain uptake of radiolabeled amino acids, amines, and hexoses after arterial injection.


Comparison of carotid artery occlusion and tilt responses in dogs.


Renal clearance of  -aminoisobutyrate in the rat: effect of testosterone propionate.


Mechanical performance and efficiency of the left ventricle during ventricular stimulation.


Comparison of myosin synthesis in heart and red and white skeletal muscles.


Mechanism and kinetics of chromate transport in human platelets.


Effects of ischemia and reoxygenation on regional myocardial performance of the dog.


Metabolism of copper 67 by the copper-deficient rat.


Brain glucose metabolism in the intact mouse.


Isolation and study of rhodopsin and cone responses in the frog retina.


Myocardial correlates of helium-cold induction and maintenance in hypothermia.


Brain glucose metabolism in the newborn rat.


Erythropoietic radiosensitivity of the rat during altitude acclimatization.


O 2  consumption, electrocardiogram, and spontaneous respiration of hypothermic hamsters.


Hepatic homeostasis of plasma L-asparagine.


Transport of bromcresol green in the rabbit kidney slice.


Oxygen and isolated vascular smooth muscle from the main pulmonary artery of the rabbit.


Age and magnesium deficiency in the rat with emphasis on bone and muscle magnesium.


Statistics of contractions at a point in the human duodenum.


5 -pregnenolone and testosterone in spermatic venous blood of anesthetized dogs.


Membrane digestion of starch.

Membrane digestion of starch.


Further studies on chloride transport in the frog cornea.


Active chloride transport and control of corneal transparency.


Growth curves and the physiology of growth. IV. Effects of dietary methionine.


Ulcerative colitis in children.

Ulcerative colitis in children.


[Our experience in the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis].


Survival considerations in colon cancer.


Results of total colectomy with ileo-proctostomy in familial polyposis.


Two cases of inflammatory stenosis of the rectum.


Romantic love and idealization.

Romantic love and idealization.


Phobias after marriage. Women's declaration of dependence.


Men, money and marihuana.

Men, money and marihuana.


The community mental health movement in the United States today, circa 1970. II.


Horney theory and child analysis.

Horney theory and child analysis.


Schizophrenia: a contribution from existential psychiatry.


The temporal experience today: a phenomenological study.


Choice: the human prerogative.

Choice: the human prerogative.


The sexual feelings of the therapist.

The sexual feelings of the therapist.


On self-analysis.

On self-analysis.


Learning from patients.

Learning from patients.


The effect of vitamin E on the oxidation state of selenium in rat liver. 1. (75)Se as Na(2) (75)SeO(3) was administered orally to rats under different nutritional conditions. 2. The selenium found in the liver subcellular organelle fractions was present in at least three oxidation states: acid-volatile selenium, assumed to be selenide, zinc-hydrochloric acid-reducible selenium, assumed to be selenite, and higher oxidation states of selenium and organic derivatives, called selenate for convenience. 3. The proportion of the total selenium present as selenide present as selenide is susceptible to oxidation in vitro, which can be prevented by the addition of antioxidants in vitro. 4. The proportion of selenide is also directly related to the vitamin E status of the rats, and treatment of vitamin E-deficient rats with vitamin E results in an increase in the proportion of selenide. 5. Freezing the liver in situ before preparation of the organelle fractions did not alter the susceptibility of the selenide proportion to dietary vitamin E, indicating that the observed effects occur in vivo and not as a result of oxidation post mortem. 6. Intravenous administration of Na(2) (75)SeO(3), to rats whose alimentary tract was partially sterilized by neomycin treatment, gave a similar result to that in paragraph 4, indicating that the reduction of selenite to selenide probably occurs in vivo, and that intestinal micro-organisms are not responsible. 7. Treatment of vitamin E-deficient rats with silver produced a fall in the total (75)Se content of the liver, an effect only partially reversed by vitamin E administration. The proportion of the total selenium present as selenide was also lowered by the treatments with silver, and vitamin E significantly reversed this trend in most cases. 8. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the active form of Se may be selenide and that the selenide may form part of the active centre of an uncharacterized class of catalytically active non-haem-iron proteins that are protected from oxidation in vivo by vitamin E.


Cerebral-cortex hexokinase. Elucidation of reaction mechanisms by substrate and dead-end inhibitor kinetic analysis. 1. The substrate kinetic properties of cerebral hexokinases (mitochondrial and cytoplasmic) were studied at limiting concentrations of both glucose and MgATP(2-). Primary plots of the enzymic activity gave no evidence of a Ping Pong mechanism in three types of mitochondrial preparation tested (intact and osmotically disrupted mitochondria, and the purified mitochondrial enzyme), nor in the purified cytoplasmic preparation. 2. Secondary plots of intercepts from the primary plots (1/v versus 1/s) versus reciprocal of second substrate of the mitochondrial activity gave kinetic constants which differed from those obtained directly from the plots of 1/v versus 1/s or of s/v versus s, although the ratios of the derived constants were consistent. The kinetic constants obtained with the cytoplasmic enzyme from primary and secondary plots were consistent. 3. Deoxyglucose, as alternative substrate, inhibited cytoplasmic hexokinase by competition with glucose, but did not compete when MgATP(2-) was the substrate varied. The K(i) for deoxyglucose when glucose concentrations were varied was 0.25mm. 4. A range of ATP analogues was tested as potential substrates and inhibitors of hexokinase activity. GTP, ITP, CTP, UTP and betagamma-methylene-ATP did not act as substrates, nor did they cause significant inhibition. Deoxy-ATP proved to be almost as effective a substrate as ATP. AMP inhibited but did not act as substrate. 5. N-Acetyl-glucosamine inhibited all preparations competitively when glucose was varied and non-competitively when MgATP(2-) was varied. AMP inhibition was competitive when MgATP(2-) was the substrate varied and non-competitive when glucose was varied. 6. The results are interpreted as providing evidence for a random reaction mechanism in all preparations of brain hexokinase, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial. The kinetic properties and reaction mechanism do not change on extraction and purification of the particulate enzyme. 7. The results are discussed in terms of the participation of hexokinase in regulation of cerebral glycolysis.


The turnover of myelin phospholipids in the adult and developing rat brain. 1. Inorganic [(32)P]phosphate, [U-(14)C]glycerol and [2-(14)C]ethanolamine were injected into the lateral ventricles in the brains of adult rats, and the labelling of individual phospholipids was followed over 2-4 months in both a microsomal and a highly purified myelin fraction. 2. All the phospholipids in myelin became appreciably labelled, although initially the specific radioactivities of the microsomal phospholipids were somewhat higher. Eventually the specific radioactivities in microsomal and myelin phospholipids fell rapidly at a rate corresponding to the decline of radioactivity in the acid-soluble pools. 3. Equivalent experiments carried out in developing rats with [(32)P]phosphate administered at the start of myelination showed some persistence of phospholipid labelling in the myelin, but this could partly be attributed to the greater retention of (32)P in the acid-soluble phosphorus pool and recycling. 4. It is concluded that a substantial part of the phospholipid molecules in adult myelin membranes is readily exchangeable, although a small pool of slowly exchangeable material also exists. 5. A slow incorporation into or loss of labelled precursor from myelin phospholipids does not necessarily give a good indication of the rate of renewal of the molecules in the membrane. As presumably such labelled molecules originate by exchange with those in another membrane site (not necessarily where synthesis occurs) it is only possible to calculate the turnover rate in the myelin membrane if the behaviour of the specific radioactivity with time of the phospholipid molecules in the immediate precursor pool is known.


The oligosaccharide units of a human type L immunoglobulin M (Macroglobulin). 1. The carbohydrate composition of the monomeric unit of a type L macroglobulin (immunoglobulin M) was determined as 6 residues of fucose, 35 of mannose, 11 of galactose, 27 of N-acetylglucosamine and 9 of sialic acid. 2. Two types of oligosaccharide unit were present in the protein, one of which (Ca type) contained fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid in the molar proportions 1:3-4:2:3-5:0-2, and the other (Cb type) contained mannose and N-acetylglucosamine in the proportions 6-8:2-3. 3. A tentative structure is proposed for the Cb type unit. 4. An S-carboxymethylcysteine-containing glycopeptide with a Ca-type unit was isolated after reduction, alkylation and tryptic digestion of the protein. 5. The immunoglobulin monomer appears to contain six oligosaccharide units of the Ca type and two of the Cb type.


Methylation of newly synthesized ribonucleic acid by isolated rat liver nuclei. Characterization of the ribonucleic acid synthesized by nuclei from starved animals. 1. Nuclei from rat liver incubated with S-adenosyl[methyl-(14)C]methionine incorporated radioactivity into RNA and into lipid and protein. 2. All of the labelled RNA was extracted from the nuclei with trichloroacetic acid at 90 degrees C. 3. The [(14)C]methyl-group incorporation into the hot-trichloroacetic acid extract was 30% inhibited by the addition of actinomycin D (100mug/mg of DNA) or by the omission of CTP, GTP and UTP. 4. Assuming that the main substrate for this triphosphate-dependent methylation was newly synthesized precursor rRNA containing one methyl group/30 uridylate residues, it was calculated that approx. 60% of the [(14)C]UMP incorporated under similar conditions represented precursor rRNA synthesis. 5. In agreement with this, low concentrations of actinomycin D (approx. 1mug/mg of DNA) sufficient to abolish the triphosphate-dependent incorporation of [(14)C]methyl group inhibited 68% of the [(14)C]UMP incorporation. 6. The incorporation of [(14)C]UMP by nuclei from starved animals decreased progressively with increasing periods of starvation, whereas the triphosphate-dependent [(14)C]methyl-group incorporation was not further decreased after 1 day of starvation. 7. This suggests that precursor rRNA synthesis decreased within 1 day whereas other species of RNA were affected only after longer periods of starvation.


Microbial oxidation of amines. Spectral and kinetic properties of the primary amine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas AM1. 1. An improved procedure is reported for purification of the amine dehydrogenase from methylamine-grown Pseudomonas AM1 which yielded a product homogeneous by sedimentation and disc-electrophoretic analysis, with molecular weight of 133000. 2. The purified enzyme had absorption maxima at 280 and 430nm. On aging, a third peak appeared at 325nm, and the 430nm peak decreased in intensity. This spectrum was independent of pH. 3. Addition of 2.5mm-semicarbazide, phenylhydrazine, hydrazine or hydroxylamine produced modified spectra with maxima respectively at 400, 440, 395 and 425nm. 4. Aerobic addition of methylamine resulted in a bleaching of the 430nm peak and the appearance of a new one at 325nm. This spectral change was retained after removal of the methylamine by dialysis. The original spectrum could be restored on addition of phenazine methosulphate. 5. Addition of borohydride partially inactivated the enzyme and produced spectral changes similar to those observed with methylamine. Pre-treatment with methylamine prevented the inactivation by borohydride. The degree of inactivation could be increased by alternate phenazine methosulphate and borohydride treatments. 6. The addition of methylamine or borohydride each caused shifts in the fluorescence emission maximum from 348 to 380nm. 7. Lineweaver-Burk plots of reciprocal activity against reciprocal concentration of either of the substrates n-butylamine or phenazine methosulphate were consistent with a mechanism that involves interconversion of two free forms of the enzyme by the two substrates. 8. The enzyme, although spectrally modified, was not inactivated by dialysis against diethyldithiocarbamate, and contained about 0.27 g-atom of copper/mol, with small traces of cobalt, iron and zinc. 9. Conventional methods of resolution did not release the prosthetic group. Heat denaturation after treatment of the enzyme with methylamine liberated a yellow chromophore which did not reactivate resolved aspartate aminotransferase, and whose spectral, electrophoretic and fluorescence properties did not agree with any recognizable pyridoxal derivatives. 10. Despite the inconclusive results with the isolated chromophore, the observations on the enzyme suggest that it may contain a pyridoxal derivative bound as a Schiff's base which is converted into the pyridoxamine form on aerobic treatment with methylamine and reconverted into the pyridoxal form with phenazine methosulphate. 11. The copper detected is probably not involved in the enzyme mechanism, since most copper-chelating agents are not inhibitory, and since the enzyme does not react with oxygen.


Physicochemical properties of vancomycin and iodovancomycin and their complexes with diacetyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine. Electrometric and spectrophotometric titrations showed vancomycin to contain groups having pK values of about 2.9, 7.2, 8.6, 9.6, 10.5 and 11.7. Of these the four last-named were phenolic. Titration above pH11 and below pH1 was irreversible and antibiotic potency was destroyed. Combination with the specific peptide diacetyl-l-lysyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine hindered the titration of the first three phenolic groups. Spectrophotometric titration of iodovancomycin showed that the phenolic group with pK 9.6 was the one iodinated. The stability of the vancomycin-peptide complex in the range pH1-13 showed that complex-formation occurred only when carboxyl groups were ionized and the phenolic groups were non-ionized. The complex was formed in concentrations of urea up to 8m, of potassium chloride up to 4m, of sodium dodecyl sulphate up to 1%, and at temperatures up to 60 degrees C. From titration curves, organic chlorine and iodine analysis, and combination with peptide, a minimum molecular weight for vancomycin of 1700-1800 was estimated. Optical-rotatory-dispersion and circular-dichroism experiments suggested that vancomycin has only limited conformational flexibility. Both vancomycin and its complexes with peptide exhibited properties suggesting aggregation. Vancomycin and iodovancomycin can be fractionated into a main fraction and at least three minor components. The isolation of these fractions salt-free is described and their antibiotic properties are shown to correlate with their ability to form complexes with peptide.


Modifications of the acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus affecting complex-formation with vancomycin. Vancomycin forms complexes with peptides terminating in d-alanyl-d-alanine that are analogous to the biosynthetic precursors of bacterial mucopeptides. The specificity of complex-formation has been studied by means of many synthetic peptides, prepared by both solid-phase and conventional methods. The following conclusions can be drawn: (a) three amide linkages are required to form a stable complex; (b) the terminal carboxyl group must be free; (c) the carboxyl terminal and subterminal residues must be either glycine or of the d-configuration; (d) the size of the side chain in these residues greatly influences the affinity for vancomycin, a methyl group being the optimum in each case; (e) the nature of the side chain in the third and fourth residues has a smaller effect on complex-formation, but an l-configuration was somewhat better than a d-configuration in the third position. In addition to acyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine, other peptides that occur in bacterial cell walls will combine with vancomycin, although less strongly, e.g. acyl-d-alanyl-d-alpha-amino acid (where the terminal d-residue may form the cross-link in mucopeptide structure) and acyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamylglycine (a sequence found in the mucopeptide of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and related organisms). These results throw some light on the specificity of the uptake of vancomycin by living bacteria.


The binding of calcium ions by erythrocytes and 'ghost' -cell membranes. 1. Washed human erythrocytes, suspended in iso-osmotic sucrose containing 2.5mm-calcium chloride, bind about 400mug-atoms of calcium/litre of packed cells. Sucrose may be replaced by other sugars. 2. Partial replacement of sucrose by iso-osmotic potassium chloride diminishes the uptake of calcium, 50% inhibition occurring at about 50mm-potassium chloride. 3. Other univalent cations behave like potassium, whereas bivalent cations are much more inhibitory. The tervalent cations, yttrium and lanthanum, however, are the most effective inhibitors of calcium uptake. 4. An approximate correlation exists between the calcium uptake and the sialic acid content of erythrocytes of various species and of human erythrocytes that have been partially depleted of sialic acid by treatment with neuraminidase. However, even after complete removal of sialic acid, human erythrocytes still bind about 140mug-atoms of calcium/litre of packed cells. 5. A Scatchard (1949) plot of calcium uptake at various Ca(2+) concentrations in the suspending media shows the presence of three different binding sites on the external surface of the human erythrocyte membrane. 6. Erythrocyte ;ghost' cells, the membranes of which appear to be permeable to Ca(2+) ions, can bind about 1000mug-atoms of calcium per ;ghost'-cell equivalent of 1 litre of packed erythrocytes. This indicates that there are also binding sites for calcium on the internal surface of the erythrocyte membrane.


The role of the plasma membrane in fatty acid uptake by rat liver parenchymal cells. 1. Suspensions of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells incorporate [(14)C]palmitic acid into glycerides at about 40% of the rate obtained with liver slices. 2. At short time-intervals most of the incorporation is into phosphatidylcholine and this is recovered mainly in the plasma-membrane fraction. 3. At later times (5min to 2h) the [(14)C]palmitic acid is mainly found in triglyceride, but this is not recovered in the plasma-membrane fraction. 4. Addition of lysophosphatidylcholine increases incorporation of palmitic acid into both phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride, with maximum effect at about 0.1mm. 5. In vivo, 1min after injection of [(14)C]palmitic acid, radioactive phosphatidylcholine is concentrated in the plasma-membrane fraction, but the proportion present in this fraction declines rapidly. 6. The phosphatidylcholine of the plasma-membrane fraction has, at 1min after injection, a specific radioactivity 30-fold greater than that of the whole tissue. 7. This phosphatidylcholine reaches its maximum specific radioactivity before the tissue phosphatidic acid or diglyceride. 8. The phosphatidylcholine of the plasma-membrane fraction has a very rapid turnover. 9. It is proposed that the rapid formation of phospholipids in the plasma membrane is by acylation of their lyso-derivatives and the role of this process in fatty acid uptake is discussed.


The phospholipid-dependence of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase. Reactivation of phospholipase A-inactivated enzyme by phospholipids and detergents. Specific degradation of the phospholipid membrane of guinea-pig liver microsomal fraction with phospholipase A inactivated glucuronyltransferase. The inactivation was reversed by phosphatidylcholine and mixed microsomal phospholipid micelles at concentrations similar to those present in intact microsomal preparations. The other commonly occurring phospholipids did not reactivate phospholipase A-treated enzyme. Since the mixed microsomal phospholipids consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine, it is concluded that the reactivation by phospholipids is phosphatidylcholine-specific. Reactivation was also achieved by low concentrations of the cationic detergents cetylpyridinium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Higher concentrations of these detergents inactivated the glucuronyltransferase activity of intact and phospholipase A-treated microsomal fractions. Anionic detergents were potent inactivators of the glucuronyltransferase activity of untreated and phospholipase A-treated microsomal fractions, whereas non-ionic detergents had little effect on the activity of either preparation. Measurements of the zeta-potentials of the micellar species used in this study showed that no obvious relationship existed between the zeta-potentials and the ability to reactivate glucuronyltransferase. However, high positive or negative zeta-potentials were correlated with the ability of the amphipathic compound to inactivate glucuronyltransferase.


Studies on gastric mucoproteins. The isolation and characterization of the mucoprotein of the water-soluble mucus from pig cardiac gastric mucosa. 1. Gel filtration of the water-soluble radioactive mucus produced three radioactive fractions, fraction A excluded on Sepharose 4B, fraction B included on Sepharose 4B but excluded on Sephadex G-200, and fraction C included on Sephadex G-200. 2. The specific radioactivities of fractions A and B were the same, with fraction C a little lower, whether the material was labelled with (14)C-labelled carbohydrate or with (3)H-labelled protein prepared by incubation of mucosal scrapings in vitro with [U-(14)C]glucose or [G-(3)H]threonine respectively. 3. Fractions A and B had an analysis of protein 22%, hexose 28%, hexosamine 28%, fucose 10% and sialic acid 1%; fraction C had an analysis closely similar to this, except that it contained about 10% of a protein contaminant. 4. All three fractions had closely similar A and H blood-group activities. 5. Ultracentrifuge studies showed fractions A, B and C were polydisperse with s(0) (25,w) values of 18.7S, 4.9S and 3.9S respectively. 6. The unfractionated water-soluble mucus contained only two peaks, fraction A 18.7S and a peak of 4.4S, which was a combination of fractions B and C. 7. The radioactive mucoprotein accounted for 85% by weight of the soluble mucus and the results show that it consisted of two distinct fractions A and B-C, which were chemically, biosynthetically and immunologically very similar.


The protein-synthesizing activity of ribosomes isolated from the mammary gland of lactating and pregnant guinea pigs. 1. Polyribosome preparations were made from the deoxycholate-treated post-nuclear fractions obtained by the disruption of mammary glands from lactating and pregnant guinea pigs. 2. A high proportion of large polyribosomes was obtained from the glands of lactating animals whereas mainly small polyribosomes were obtained from the glands of pregnant animals. The isolated preparations incorporated [(14)C]phenylalanine into protein. The polyribosomes from the glands of pregnant animals were less active than those from the glands of lactating animals but the activity of the former was stimulated more by poly(U) than was the latter. 3. The ribosomes from mammary gland could be dissociated into subunits after incubation, under conditions necessary for protein synthesis, in the presence of puromycin. The subunits could be recombined to give a preparation that actively polymerized [(14)C]phenylalanine in the presence of poly(U). The subunits from guinea-pig mammary gland could be combined with subunits from liver of either guinea pig or rat. Hybrid ribosomes were also formed from subunits derived from glands of pregnant and lactating animals. The hybrids were as active as were the ribosomes formed by reassociation of subunits from the same tissue, suggesting that in this respect the ribosomes from pregnant animals were not defective. 4. Polyribosomes from mammary glands of lactating animals when incubated with cell sap from the same source were tested for their ability to synthesize alpha-lactalbumin. The polyribosomes were incubated in the presence of [(3)H]leucine and alpha-lactalbumin was isolated from the supernatant. The protein was finally treated with cyanogen bromide and the C-terminal and N-terminal fragments were separated and their radioactivity was determined. Both fragments were radioactive consistent with the synthesis of alpha-lactalbumin. 5. The results are discussed in relation to protein synthesis in the mammary gland after parturition.


The inducible alkaline phosphatase of rat heart. Some properties of the enzyme and factors influencing its activity. Subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline into rats produces a rapid rise in alkaline phosphatase activity which is largely confined to the right atrium of the heart. The phosphatase activity of extracts of atrial tissue from treated animals is on average four times that of controls. The rise in activity is largely suppressed by previously treating the animals with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Comparison of the properties of the alkaline phosphatase in extracts of atria from isoprenaline-treated rats with control preparations shows the stimulated enzyme activity to be similar to that present in the resting state. In a number of respects, including substrate specificity, response to activators and inhibitors, rate of loss of activity on heating and electrophoretic mobility of the native and modified enzyme, the atrial phosphatase resembles alkaline phosphatases from other mammalian non-intestinal and non-placental tissues. These results suggest that the effect of isoprenaline is to increase the rate of synthesis of atrial alkaline phosphatase, and the ability of the tissues of the right atrium to respond in this way may be related to the rich sympathetic innervation of this part of the heart.


Purification from rat liver of an enzyme that catalyses the sulphurylation of phenols. 1. An enzyme (EC 2.8.2.1) that catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate to phenols was purified approx. 2000-fold from male rat livers. 2. The purified preparation did not catalyse the sulphurylation of dehydroepiandrosterone, butan-1-ol, l-tyrosine methyl ester, 1-naphthylamine or serotonin. 3. At pH8.0 and 37 degrees C the K(m) values of the enzyme for p-nitrophenol and adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate are 51 and 14mum respectively. The K(m) value for either substrate is independent of the concentration of the other. 4. The sulphurylation of phenol is inhibited by thiol compounds and glutathione at a concentration of 3mm caused an approx. 50% decrease in enzyme activity. 5. The K(m) of the enzyme for adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate is unaffected by the presence of added glutathione but at a concentration of 5mm-glutathione the K(m) of the enzyme for its phenolic substrate is decreased.


The urinary excretion of orally administered pteroyl-L-glutamic acid by the rat. 1. The urinary excretion of folates after oral administration of [2-(14)C]pteroyl-l-glutamic acid was studied by assaying the radioactivity in the urine and in materials purified and characterized by t.l.c. 2. Radioactivity excreted was 6.8, 5.9 and 30.7% of the oral dose in the first 24h after doses of 3.1, 32 and 320mug/kg respectively. 3. Extensive decomposition of urinary folates to pteroyl-l-glutamic acid was prevented by antioxidants or collection of urine frozen. 4. At the three dosages, two major and one minor radioactive compounds were isolated. One of the major metabolites was 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid. The others were unidentified but were not pteroylglutamic acid, 7,8-dihydro-, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-, 5- or 10-formyl-tetrahydro-, 5,10-methylidyne-tetrahydro-, 5-formimidoyl-tetrahydro-, 5,10-methylene-tetrahydro-, 5-methyltetrahydro-pteroylglutamic acid, nor any decomposition products of these compounds formed during isolation. Labelled unconjugated pteridines were absent. 5. Labelled pteroyl-l-glutamic acid was displaced by oral administration of unlabelled pteroyl-l-glutamic acid (1.6mg/kg) when given 3.5h after, but not when given 24h after the labelled dose. 6. The results show that orally administered [2-(14)C]pteroyl-l-glutamic acid is absorbed without metabolism and is then metabolized into naturally occurring tetrahydro-folates. 7. These findings are discussed with reference to previous work.


Computer analysis of protein mixtures.

Computer analysis of protein mixtures.


Examination of the unconscious patient.

Examination of the unconscious patient.


Subcutaneous lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure.


The amino acid sequence of a human kappa light chain. The amino acid sequence of the light chain of the myeloma protein Dee was studied. The light chain is of the kappa type and of subgroup I. The variable part contains some substitutions that are unique and also some that have been observed already in other kappaI chains (repeated variants). Based on these repeated variants a subdivision of the kappaI subgroup is proposed.


A study of the formation of fluorescent derivatives of 4-hydroxyphenethylamine (tyramine), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylamine (3-methoxytyramine) and related compounds by reaction with hydrazine in the presence of nitrous acid. A reaction is described that allows the preparation of fluorescent derivatives of a group of related compounds with the basic 4-hydroxyphenethylamine structure. Examination of the reaction shows that it takes place in two stages, which can be considered separately. (1) Reaction of hydrazine with nitrous acid: this is instantaneous at room temperature and involves the reaction of 1 mol of hydrazine with 2 mol of nitrous acid. (2) Reaction with 4-hydroxyphenethylamine compounds: this occurs slowly at room temperature but the rate of reaction is significantly increased at higher temperatures. Ammonium sulphamate is added to remove excess of nitrous acid, found to be detrimental to the reaction. Examination of reagent concentrations necessary for maximum fluoresence yield demonstrated the need for a 40-fold molar excess of the reagent formed in the first stage. The derivatives fluoresce in alkaline solution, the fluorescence of derivatives of 4-hydroxy compounds being stable for over 1h at room temperature, those of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy compounds being slightly less stable. The derivatives were distinguishable from their parent compounds by t.l.c.


The role of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate in peptide elongation reactions. 1. Peptide-elongation factors were purified from rat liver and human tonsils and the contents of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate were determined in fractions obtained during enzyme purification. The relative contents of this compound in purified enzyme preparations was several times higher than that in the crude starting material. Elongation factors from human tonsils contained a significantly larger quantity of the cholesteryl ester than enzyme from rat liver. 2. Transfer enzymes extracted with various organic solvents showed variable decreased activities in both binding and peptidization assay. The decrease of enzymic activity was proportional to the amount of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate extracted from a given enzymic preparation. In systems containing both extracted elongation factors the polyphenylalanine synthesis was limited by the residual activity of the less active transfer factor. 3. The original enzymic activity of extracted transferases was fully recovered by the addition of pure cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate in quantities corresponding to those extracted. 4. Increase of the relative contents of this cholesteryl ester during enzyme purification, decrease of the enzymic activity after the extraction and its recovery by the addition of this compound indicates that the presence of this ester in elongation factors is essential for the normal function of these enzymes.


The patient's confidence.

The patient's confidence.


Control of oral anticoagulant treatment.


Acid deoxyribonuclease activity in purified calf thymus nuclei.


Detection of regional left ventricular dysfunction.


Rosette inhibition test.

Rosette inhibition test.


Uncharted territory.

Uncharted territory.


The professorial medical unit.

The professorial medical unit.


The pentose phosphate pathway in rabbit liver. Studies on the metabolic sequence and quantitative role of the pentose phosphate cycle by using a system in situ. 1. The reactions of the pentose phosphate cycle were investigated by the intraportal infusion of specifically labelled [(14)C]glucose or [(14)C]ribose into the liver of the anaesthetized rabbit. The sugars were confined in the liver by haemostasis and metabolism was allowed to proceed for periods up to 5min. Metabolism was assessed by measuring the rate of change of the specific radioactivity of CO(2), the carbon atoms of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and tissue glucose. 2. The quotient oxidation of [1-(14)C]glucose/oxidation of [6-(14)C]glucose as measured by the incorporation into respiratory CO(2) was greater than 1.0 during most of the time-course and increased to a maximum of 3.1 but was found to decrease markedly upon application of a glucose load. 3. The estimate of the pentose phosphate cycle from C-1/C-2 ratios generally increased during the time-course, whereas the estimate of the pentose phosphate cycle from C-3/C-2 ratios varied depending on whether the ratios were measured in glucose or hexose 6-phosphates. 4. The distribution of (14)C in hexose 6-phosphate after the metabolism of [1-(14)C]ribose showed that 65-95% of the label was in C-1 and was concluded to have been the result of a rapidly acting transketolase exchange reaction. 5. Transaldolase exchange reactions catalysed extensive transfer of (14)C from [2-(14)C]glucose into C-5 of the hexose 6-phosphates during the entire time-course. The high concentration of label in C-4, C-5 and C-6 of the hexose 6-phosphates was not seen in tissue glucose in spite of an unchanging rate of glucose production during the time-course. 6. It is concluded that the reaction sequences catalysed by the pentose phosphate pathway enzymes do not constitute a formal metabolic cycle in intact liver, neither do they allow the definition of a fixed stoicheiometry for the dissimilation of glucose.


Diagnosis of established deep vein thrombosis with the  125 I fibrinogen uptake test. One hundred and two patients with clinical signs indicating a possible diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis were studied with the fibrinogen uptake test and phlebography to assess the reliability of the test as a means of diagnosing established venous thrombosis. The test gave a correct diagnosis in 78% of the 85 legs shown to contain thrombus by phlebography and only 19 (10%) false-negative results in the 195 legs examined. The duration of the symptoms, the administration of anticoagulants, and mild leg swelling did not affect the accuracy of the test. Very old thrombus, phlebographically more than 11 days old, was associated with an increased false-negative rate.The fibrinogen uptake test is accurate enough to make it a valuable method of clinical investigation.


Effect of maternal sickle-cell trait on perinatal mortality. Possession of the sickle-cell trait (Hb AS) by the African mother has been shown to be associated with a significant increase in perinatal mortality when there is anoxic stress. This observation should be taken into consideration in the management of labour of both the indigenous and immigrant mothers at risk. The findings do not influence the proposed explanations for the maintenance of high frequencies of the haemoglobin S gene in areas of endemic malaria.


Familial cases of endomyocardial fibrosis in Uganda. This report describes nine cases of endomyocardial fibrosis occurring in four families. All patients came from Rwanda or South-western Uganda, and five had tropical splenomegaly syndrome as well. It seems likely that genetic as well as environmental factors are operative in the aetiology of endomyocardial fibrosis.


Multiple drug therapy for disseminated malignant tumours. Forty patients with various disseminated malignant tumours were treated with up to six antitumour drugs given for periods not exceeding 24 hours. Complete or partial objective tumour regression was achieved in 20 patients. No regression occurred in the remaining 20. Treatment given in this way seemed to be at least as effective as other multiple drug regimens and had the following advantages: (1) toxicity was reduced to a minimum and no access was needed to sterile rooms or platelet transfusions since severe bone marrow depression did not occur, and (2) the patients spent only a very short time in hospital.


Myasthenia with systemic lupus and palmoplantar keratosis.


Diazepam, alcohol, and barbiturate abuse.


Contribution of a general-practitioner hospital. A properly functioning general-practitioner hospital with good facilities including visiting consultants can greatly lighten the work load of the district general hospital. A general-practitioner hospital is described, run entirely by general practitioners, which cares for over 70% of the inpatients of a group practice. It deals with 98% of all who attend casualty, and carries out almost all of its x-ray work. Its facilities reduce the estimated demand for outpatient appointments at the district general hospital by almost half.The social advantages of a general-practitioner hospital are obvious, and there may be economic advantages as well. Moreover, such a hospital increases the attractiveness of general practice and improves its quality. It is suggested that the general-practitioner hospital is good for the patient, the community, and the doctor-and even the Treasury. There is room for many more.


Problems of the newborn. Feeding.

Problems of the newborn. Feeding.


Virus-free blood.

Virus-free blood.


Epilepsy and folate deficiency.

Epilepsy and folate deficiency.


Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.


Solar flares and the Concorde.

Solar flares and the Concorde.


Uses of allopurinol.

Uses of allopurinol.


Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.

Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.


Transporting patients with chest injuries.


Vacuum termination of pregnancy.

Vacuum termination of pregnancy.


Infection from arteriovenous shunts.

Infection from arteriovenous shunts.


Antileprosy drugs.

Antileprosy drugs.


Normal range for serum transaminases.

Normal range for serum transaminases.


Libel on surgeon: appeal dismissed.

Libel on surgeon: appeal dismissed.


Felty's syndrome.

Felty's syndrome.


Compression of coeliac axis.

Compression of coeliac axis.


Hazards of colostomy closure.

Hazards of colostomy closure.


Ganglion cysts of bones.

Ganglion cysts of bones.


Screening for spastics.

Screening for spastics.


Clinical direction.

Clinical direction.


Leucocyte ascorbic acid levels and vitamin C intake in older people. Leucocyte ascorbic acid (L.A.A.) levels and vitamin C intake were measured in a random sample of men and women aged 62-94 years. L.A.A. distributions are positively skewed but log normal. L.A.A. mean values show no age difference in men but are significantly lower in older women. The mean value for all women (23.88mug/10(8) cells) is significantly higher than that for all men (18.11 mug/10(8) cells). L.A.A. values are significantly higher in both sexes in the six months July to December. Vitamin C intake distributions are positively skewed but not improved by log transformation. No significant age or sex differences were found except that a significantly greater proportion of men over than of those under 70 years have intakes less than 30 mg daily. Mean intake is significantly higher in men but not in women in the six months April to September, though in both sexes a significantly greater proportion have intakes less than 30 mg daily in October to March compared with April to September. Fifty per cent. of men and 58% of women have intakes less than 30 mg daily, 23.6% of men and 28.1% of women have intakes less than 20 mg daily, and 4.7% of men and 3% of women have intakes less than 10 mg daily. These percentages increase during the winter. A moderate correlation is present between vitamin C intake and L.A.A. level. L.A.A. levels increase in parallel with but lag behind seasonal increases in vitamin C intake.