Immunologic studies of water-soluble human amyloid fibrils. Comparative studies of eight amyloid preparations. Eight preparations of soluble amyloid and degraded amyloid (DAM) were compared immunologically. Unlike amyloid fibrils, six of eight preparations of DAM proved to be relatively strong immunogens. Antisera to DAM reacted weakly or not at all with normal human serum or extracts of normal tissues, but were specifically reactive with amyloid fibrils or DAM. Comparative studies of DAM'S from eight different subjects showed some degree of cross-reactivity among them, yet demonstrated that they were not identical. Similar conclusions were obtained by quantitative precipitin and complement fixation analyses. Comparison of the amyloid fibrils with the homologous DAM by complement fixation and absorption studies demonstrated the existence in DAM of antigenic determinants that were lacking or inaccessible in the native fibrils. A search for amyloid precursors and antibodies to amyloid in the sera of 12 patients proved unsuccessful.


Carcinogen-induced tumors of the thymus. IV. Humoral influences of normal thymus and functional thymomas and influence of posthymectomy period on restoration. A progressive decrease of the restoring effectivity of syngeneic or allogeneic thymus and functional thymoma grafts was observed when the treatment of neonatally thymectomized mice was delayed. Early treatment (5-20 days postthymectomy) was effective, while the number of restored animals was markedly decreased after late treatment (30-50 days postthymectomy). Similar results were obtained with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal thymus grafts and with thymus grafts within cell-impenetrable diffusion chambers. After the onset of the postthymectomy-wasting syndrome the only successful treatment was the implantation of multiple thymus grafts. On the other hand, single thymus grafts, thymoma grafts, or thymus or thymoma within diffusion chambers were ineffective. When spleen cells from 5-day old or 45-day old neonatally thymectomized animals were given in association with thymoma grafts, only the cells derived from the 5-day old thymectomized mice proved effective in restoring wasted thymectomized hosts. These results suggest that a population of cells sensitive to the action of the thymus decreases progressively with time in the absence of thymic function.


Fluid phase destruction of C2hu by C1hu. II. Unmasking by C4ihu of C1hu specificity for C2hu. It has been demonstrated that C1 isolated in the unactivated form fails to inactivate C4 or C2 in the fluid phase, while the activated molecule, C1 rapidly converts C4 to hemolytically inactive C4i, but does not efficiently inactivate C2. The production and presence of C4i now confers on C1 the ability to rapidly inactivate C2. After heating at 56 degrees C, so as to destroy the hemolytic activity, heat inactivated C1 is still capable of inactivating C4 but the presence of C4i no longer confers an ability to inactivate C2. Studies with the subunits of C1-C1q, C1r, C1s, indicate that the action of C1s on C2 can be inhibited by C1r and that this inhibition is reversed by the presence of homologous C4. These studies indicate that the interaction of C4i with a heat labile receptor conformation in C1 uncovers a masked specificity for C2.


Effects of short-term epithelial reticular cell and whole organ thymus grafts in neonatally thymectomized mice. Neonatally thymectomized mice were implanted with thymus grafts composed of epithelial reticular cells for periods of 7 and 14 days. Regardless of whether the grafts were placed immediately after thymectomy, or at 3 wk of age, there was little recovery of the lymphocyte depletion and impaired immunologic responsiveness, characteristically found in a neonatally thymectomized host. The findings were similar in animals studied at 2 months or 2 wk after graft removal. Many of the short-term remnant grafts were populated with lymphocytes and had attained the morphologic appearance of thymus by 14 days. A lesser degree of lymphocyte depletion and impaired responsiveness to SRBC occurred if thymectomy was delayed until 7 days of age, if remnant grafts were removed after 2 months, and if intact neonatal thymus was used for the short-term grafts. Complete normality was found in some of the animals in all of these groups. These observations suggest a direct role for mature thymus lymphocytes in reconstituting the neonatally thymectomized host and indicate that epithelial cell function is to direct the maturation of cells that ultimately behave as thymus lymphocytes.


Density distribution analysis of antigen-sensitive cells in the rat. Analysis of the cell populations capable of initiating a response to sheep and horse erythrocyte antigens has been carried out by means of equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. The results indicate that there are at least six distinguishable AS cell populations for sheep erythrocytes, but only three for horse erythrocytes in the spleen of the Lewis rat. Evidence is presented for the existence of metabolic, physiological, and immunological differences among these populations. It is suggested that at least one population of AS cells responds only to the specific antigen and at least one other population is sensitive to stimulation by a broad range of antigens. It is assumed that the difference between these two AS cells results from a process of differentiation of AS cells primed into DNA synthesis by antigen stimulation.


Cells involved in the immune response. 8. The relationship between the loss and reappearance of antigen-reactive cells and immune responsiveness after irradiation of normal adult rabbits. By appropriate irradiation and cell transfer experiments, a direct correlation was observed between the presence of viable and immunologically active antigen-reactive cells and the capacity of the rabbits to respond following immunization. Rabbits given 800 R total body irradiation were unable to elicit a humoral immune response nor did they possess significant numbers of antigen-reactive cells. The ability to respond with humoral antibody formation did not reappear until antigen-reactive cells could be detected. These results strongly indicate that the presence of competent antigen-reactive cells are necessary for the successful induction of the humoral immune response in the rabbit.


Initiation of antibody responses by different classes of lymphocytes. I. Types of thoracic duct lymphocytes involved in primary antibody responses of rats. Thoracic duct cells and spleen cells were tested for their ability to restore the primary antibody response of X-irradiated rats to bovine serum albumin (BSA), sheep red blood cells (SRBC), horse spleen femtin (HSF), and Salmonella typhi flagella. Spleen cells were at least as efficient as thoracic duct cells in restoring the response to BSA, HSF, and Salmonella typhi flagella. In further experiments thoracic duct cells lacking large dividing lymphocytes were tested for their ability to restore the primary response. Large lymphocytes were eliminated by the in vitro incubation of thoracic duct cells for 24 hr at 37 degrees C or by treatment of thoracic duct cell donors with the mitotic inhibitor vinblastine sulfate 24 hr prior to cannulation of the thoracic duct. Experiments with SRBC show that incubated cells and cells from vinblastine-treated donors are as efficient as normal cells in restoring the primary antibody response. On the other hand, experiments with HSF and Salmonella typhi flagella show that incubated cells and cells from vinblastine-treated donors are about five times less efficient than normal cells in restoring the response. Normal thoracic duct cells were more efficient than incubated cells but less efficient than cells from vinblastine-treated donors in restoring the early response to BSA. The experimental findings indicate that the classes of thoracic duct lymphocytes which initiate the primary antibody response to SRBC differ from the classes which initiate the response to HSF and Salmonella typhi flagella, or BSA.


Obstetrics and gynaecology in general practice.


Menopause and its problems.

Menopause and its problems.


Endomyocardial fibrosis.

Endomyocardial fibrosis.


Tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis.


Potassium and digitalis induced complete heart block.


Disappearance of "Q" wave.

Disappearance of "Q" wave.


Leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum.

Leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum.


Anaemia in pregnancy: preventive aspects.


Undergraduate medical education in a changing society.


Prediabetes and pregnancy.

Prediabetes and pregnancy.


Review of legislative developments relating to health and medicine.


The use of prisoners for drug trials in Alabama.


Length of RNA transcribed on the replicative form DNA of coliphage fd.


Structure of aqueous mixtures of lecithin and cholesterol.


X-ray diffraction studies of polysaccharide sulphates: double helix models for k- and l-carrageenans.


The properties of an enzyme system degrading endogenous phospholipids of Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Comparative toxicity of Gonyaulax monilata and Gymnodinium breve to annelids, crustaceans, molluscs and a fish.


Action of myxin on the chloroplast system of Euglena gracilis.


The effects of pH, buffers, bile and bile acids on excystation of sporozoites of various Eimeria species.


Electron microscopic studies on the intra-flagellar structures of trypanosomes.


A new organelle of bloodstream salivarian trypanosomes.


Behavior and pathogenicity of Tritrichomonas foetus in chick liver cell cultures.


Observations on Eimeria tenella in feces of inoculated chickens.


The nutrition of Paramecium aurelia, stock 299.


Nuclear and kinetoplastic DNA from trypanosomes.


Isolation, cloning and determination of biologic characteristics of five new species of Crithidia.


Alpha, an infectious macronuclear symbiont of Paramecium aurelia.


Growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in human heart tissue cells and effects of aminonucleoside of puromycin, trypacidin and aminopterin.


A density discriminator for use in radiation dosimetry by photographic film.


Programmed random time interval signalling device.


The law and ethics of the referred case.


Total aortic occlusion with anuria: late embolectomy with survival.


Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: 2 case reports.


Angiomyolipoma of the kidney: report of 27 cases and review of the literature.


Injuries of the ureter due to external violence.


Hypernephroma, pheochromocytoma and thyroid carcinoma.


Live omentum as a substitute for the fatty periureteral sheath: an experimental study.


A diagnostic aid for vesicovaginal fistula.


Interstitial cystitis in men.

Interstitial cystitis in men.


Gangrene of the bladder.

Gangrene of the bladder.


Spontaneous rupture of a necrotic bladder.


Permanent cystostomy with a silastic prosthesis: preliminary report.


Hypogastric and pelvic nerve activity during the micturition reflex.


Urethrocystography under spinal anesthesia for the exploration of the posterior urethra.


Experience with a two-stage urethroplasty for stricture.


Metastatic tumors to testicles: routes of metastasis.


Central venous pressure monitoring during transurethral prostatectomy.


Treatment of bacteriuria in patients with impaired renal function.


Clinical applications of drop spectrometry as a non-obstructive, non-interfering method for analyzing hydrodynamic properties of human urination.


Potty seat for voiding cystourethrography.


Massive hydronephrosis in the newborn: case report.


Injuries to renal vessels by blunt trauma in children.


Renal adenocarcinoma in infancy and childhood: evaluation of therapy and prognosis.


The ureteral orifice: its configuration and competency.


A method for correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children.


Bowel obstruction as a complication of transperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy.


Lymphangiectasis of penis: first reported case in the literature.


Another approach to pathology.

Another approach to pathology.


The significance of equivocal bacteriuria in girls with recurrent urinary tract infection as determined by a new technique.


Ultrastructural characteristics of siderocytes in swine.


Fenestration of alveolar capillary endothelium in experimental pulmonary fibrosis.


Electron microscopic study of the differentiation of mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated by Corynebacterium ovis infection.


An ultrastructural study of experimental demyelination and remyelination. II. Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the peripheral nervous system.


The fine structure of experimentally induced hyperplastic and colloid goiter in the hamster.


Macromolecular metabolism in renal compensatory hypertrophy. I. Protein synthesis.


Hospital operating room and the law.

Hospital operating room and the law.


Tranquilizers.

Tranquilizers.


Large incisional hernias; a new method of repair.


Epistaxis.

Epistaxis.


Causalgia; reflex sympathetic nerve dystrophy.


Trial technique. Medical testimony on informed consent and expressed warranty, in a case of TUR (transurethral prostatic resection) with urinary incontinence following, showing the direct and cross-examinations of the defendant urologist, plaintiff's internist, general practitioner, physiatrist, and urologist, and the defendant's urologist, including charge to the jury.


Lest I forget thee, glutathione.

Lest I forget thee, glutathione.


Neutron diffraction analysis of myoglobin.


Concept of human atherosclerosis.

Concept of human atherosclerosis.


Rate of fixation of nucleotide substitutions in evolution.


Laser-Raman radar for chemical analysis of polluted air.


Sulfur-35 and beryllium-7 in ground level air at Aspendale.


Homeostasis and differentiation in random genetic control networks.


Unfolding and hydrogen exchange of proteins: the three-dimensional ising lattice as a model.


Inhibition by juvenile hormone of growth of Crithidia fasciculata in culture.


Activation of citrate synthetase by indoleacetic acid.


Regulation of oocyte growth in the mouse ovary.


Herpes-like virus particles associated with cat scratch disease.


Drug-company liability in immunization programs.


After the "definition of irreversible coma".


The organ donor's doctor: a new role for the neurosurgeon.


1969 diabetes detection campaign.

1969 diabetes detection campaign.


Doped dipsticks.

Doped dipsticks.


Unusual location of the mitral-prosthesis murmur.


The intracardiac pacemaker in acute rheumatic myocarditis.


Response to intradermal vaccination with A2, Hong Kong variant, influenza vaccine.


Neurolepsis challenged.

Neurolepsis challenged.


Institute of philosophy of medicine.

Institute of philosophy of medicine.


Social-medical house officerships.

Social-medical house officerships.


Placental oxygen transfer in pregnant ewes during hyperbaric oxygenation.


Cellular growth in various regions of the developing rat brain.


Ventilatory studies in healthy infants.

Ventilatory studies in healthy infants.


Catecholamine metabolism of a ganglioneuroma: correlation with electronmicrographs.


Changes in enzymes (GOT and GDH) and metals (Zn, Mn, and Mg) in liver of rats during endocrine imbalance and caloric restriction.


The swing of the pendulum. Presidential address to the American Pediatric Society.


Effect of galactose toxicity on growth of the rat fetus and brain.


Acceptance of the Howland Award.

Acceptance of the Howland Award.


Infertility in males with cystic fibrosis.


Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus.


Perceptual disorders of adults with hemiparesis.


The role of leg muscles in variations of the arches in normal and flat feet.


Physical therapy avant-garde.

Physical therapy avant-garde.


Bracing of a complicated delayed-union femoral-shaft fracture.


Ice lollies for ice massage.

Ice lollies for ice massage.


Behavioral evaluation of a continuing education program.


How do various sleeping postures involving different head positions affect injured neck musculature?


Shock--the clinical problem in perspective.


Circulatory patterns in clinical shock.

Circulatory patterns in clinical shock.


The significance of central venous pressure and cardiac output measurements in shock.


Endotoxin shock--distinct entity or universal accompaniment?


Tissue hypoxia and metabolic acidosis--significant factors?


Sympatho-adrenal hyperactivity--the key to irreversible shock?


The microcirculation in shock.

The microcirculation in shock.


Coagulation disturbances in shock.

Coagulation disturbances in shock.


Volume expansion and flow promotion in shock.


Haemovascular changes in septic shock.

Haemovascular changes in septic shock.


Metabolic and tissue effects of prolonged catecholamine infusion.


The effect of environment on the response to injury in the rat.


Local and general responses to injury in the newborn rabbit.


Shock and active vasodilatation in skeletal muscle.


The role of the liver in the development of lactic acidosis in low flow states.


Associated skeletal and cardiac abnormalities: the Holt-Oram syndrome.


Disproportionately severe breathlessness in chronic bronchitis.


The neuropathy of acute intermittent porphyria.


The McCallum suction sialographic cannula and technique.


A thin-layer cassette for precision neuroradiography.


Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis in adults: remission following steroid therapy.


Some observations on modern trends in intravenous pyelography.


Histopathological and histochemical comparative studies on fibrinoid necrosis.


An interesting shadow.

An interesting shadow.


Electronystagmography in clinical and medical legal uses.


Posterior segment cryotherapy.

Posterior segment cryotherapy.


Some clinical lessons from histopathology.


Microevolution in human Chilean populations. VI. Dermatoglyphics in Araucanian Indians.


Surgical reconstruction of the mitral valve.


The hemodynamic effects of tromethamine in hypercarbia and asphyxia.


A long-term partial bypass oxygenation system.


Pulmonary congestion following infusion of large fluid loads in thoracic surgical patients.


Of an operation for tuberculous empyema.


Diaphragmatic rupture with pericardial involvement. Report of two cases.


Control of a bleeding intercostal aneurysm with the aid of partial pump-oxygenator bypass.


A cleated tourniquet.

A cleated tourniquet.


A technique for closure of the Potts anastomosis in the total repair of tetralogy of Fallot.


The role of surgery in the treatment of coronary artery disease.


Fatty acid mobilization in adipose tissue, with particular reference to the effects of this process on fat-cell metabolism.


Transport of lipid across the small intestine.


The role of the liver in fatty acid transport.


The use of fatty acids by muscle during exercise.


Formation and processing of ribonucleic acid in subnuclear components of Chironomus tentans.


Histone changes and cell division.

Histone changes and cell division.


Conformations of nucleohistones and histones.


Enzymic phosphorylation of histone F1 in regenerating rat liver.


Fractionation of the lysine-rich histones.


Lack of correlation between the presence of 7-methyl guanine in deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid of organs and the localization of tumours after a single carcinogenic dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane.


The effect of bisdioxopiperazines on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in growing mouse-embryo fibroblasts.


The effect of some stilboestrol compounds on deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from human and canine prostatic tissue.


Effects of oestradiol-17beta and progesterone on nuclear-protein synthesis in the mouse uterus.


The protein phosphokinase activity of the oestradiol-17beta-binding fraction from uterine nuclei and its stimulation by oestradiol-17beta.


Incorporation of [2-14C] thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid of rat brain during postnatal development: effect of thyroid hormone.


Isolation of ribosomes from the cell walls of barley (Hordeum vulgare).


Increased incorporation of L-[14C] valine into proteins of the nuclear fraction from guinea-pig brain slices incubated with ouabain.


Synthesis of ribonuclease-resistant ribonucleic acid by fowl-plague-virus-induced ribonucleic acid polymerase.


The use of gradient centrifugation to study events in the life cycle of cultured cells.


Growth hormone and the binding of aminoacyl-transfer-ribonucleic acid to liver ribosomes.


Subcellular fractionation of Polytomella caeca by zonal centrifugation.


The transport of palmitic acid across intestinal brush-border membranes.


Inhibition of palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation in rat liver mitochondria by pent-4-enoyl-L-carnitine.


Palmitic acid uptake and metabolism by isolated rat liver cells.


The chain length of fatty acids synthesized by fatty acid synthetase.


The polyenoic acids and their elongation products in the muscle tissue of Phacochoerus aethiopicus: a re-evaluation of "animal fat".


Brain and cerebellum fatty acid pattern changes in the encephalomalacic chick and the presence of a homeostatic mechanism.


Mass-spectrometric determination of the amino acid sequences in peptides isolated from the protein silk fibroin of Bombyx mori. Several peptides were isolated from the protein silk fibroin of Bombyx mori by means of ion-exchange chromatography of a chymotryptic digest. The sequences of three of the peptides, Gly-Ala-Gly-Tyr, Gly-Val-Gly-Tyr and Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Tyr, were known from previous chemical work, but the sequence of the fourth, Gly-Ala-Gly-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly-Tyr, was previously only partially known. The necessary volatility for mass-spectrometric examination of the peptides was achieved by permethylation of the N-acetyl-peptide methyl ester derivatives. From the mass spectra it was possible to confirm the known sequences and to establish that of the partially known one. In one instance it was possible to deduce from the same mass spectrum the sequence of a main peptide component and that of a small amount of contaminating peptide. These results demonstrate for the first time the use of mass spectrometry in the determination of the amino acid sequences in peptides from a protein hydrolysate.


Acetyl-coenzyme A formation in the tissues of the developing lamb.


Catalysis of transamination by acetate.

Catalysis of transamination by acetate.


The combination of carbon monoxide-haem with apoperoxidase. 1. Static titrations reveal an exact stoicheiometry between various haem derivatives and apoperoxidase prepared from one isoenzyme of the horseradish enzyme. 2. Carbon monoxide-protohaem reacts rapidly with apoperoxidase and the kinetics can be accounted for by a mechanism already applied to the reaction of carbon monoxide-haem derivatives with apomyoglobin and apohaemoglobin. 3. According to this mechanism a complex is formed first whose combination and dissociation velocity constants are 5x10(8)m(-1)sec.(-1) and 10(3)sec.(-1) at pH9.1 and 20 degrees . The complex is converted into carbon monoxide-haemoprotein in a first-order process with a rate constant of 235sec.(-1) for peroxidase and 364sec.(-1) for myoglobin at pH9.1 and 20 degrees . 4. The effects of pH and temperature were examined. The activation energy for the process of complex-isomerization is about 13kcal./mole. 5. The similarity in the kinetics of the reactions of carbon monoxide-haem with apoperoxidase and with apomyoglobin suggests structural similarities at the haem-binding sites of the two proteins.


Stabilization and partial purification of lipoprotein lipase.


Extracellular release of lysosomal phospholipases from the perfused adrenal gland.


Lipid composition at different depths in the cow snout epidermis.


Comparison of steroid sulphate and free steroids as substrates of a crystallin oxidoreductase.


Absorption and tissue uptake of alpha-tocopherol in the rat.


A study of the effects of reaction with formaldehyde on some optical and physical properties of reticulocyte ribosomes. 1. The optical rotatory dispersion and ultraviolet-absorption spectrum of ribosomal RNA in situ appear to be unchanged when the ribosome is dissociated into its RNA and protein moieties. 2. Reaction with 0.05% formaldehyde at 20 degrees for 2hr. ;fixes' ribosomes so that they remain intact in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate. 3. The RNA moiety of the ribosome undergoes a conformational change when ribosomes in 8% formaldehyde are heated at 70 degrees for 10min. and cooled to 20 degrees . After this treatment no double-helical character can be detected, but neither the sedimentation coefficient nor the morphology of the ribosome determined by electron microscopy is altered. 4. It is concluded that the RNA moiety of reticulocyte ribosomes is freely accessible to formaldehyde.


The regulation of enzymes of aromatic-ring fission in fungi: organisms using both catechol and protocatechuate pathways.


The regulation of enzymes of aromatic-ring fission in fungi: organisms using only the protocatechuate pathway.


A possible structure of the rabbit reticulocyte ribosome. An exercise in model building. It is suggested that the location of each of the diverse ribosomal proteins in the ribosome, or in the ribosomal subparticles in their native or derived forms, is determined by the nucleotide sequence of the 16s and 23-30s RNA moieties, i.e. that the 16s and 23-30s RNA species provide a unique binding site for each species of ribosomal protein. The ways of assembling such a thread into a ribosome-like structure appear limited if the ribosome is largely stabilized by protein-protein interactions. The nucleoprotein thread was built into a structure, having the general features of a hollow cylinder, that is consistent with the known dimensions and properties of the rabbit reticulocyte ribosome. It appears possible to test the model by experiment.


Reversible activation of succinate dehydrogenase. 1. Treatment of particulate respiratory chain preparations in ways expected to raise or lower the concentration of endogenous soluble low-molecular-weight compounds respectively increased and diminished the capacity of succinate dehydrogenase to become activated reversibly and ;spontaneously' when preparations were diluted in tris acetate buffer and incubated at 37 degrees . 2. Addition of critically low concentrations of recognized activators to preparations that failed to undergo reversible ;spontaneous' activation when incubated at 1mg. of protein/ml. conferred on them the capacity to do so. 3. Preparations with a diminished tendency to undergo reversible ;spontaneous' activation had an increased tendency to become irreversibly inactivated on prolonged incubation at 1mg. of protein/ml. in tris acetate. 4. Extraction procedures designed to demonstrate the presence of possible endogenous activators in enzyme preparations failed to reveal a single substance to which such a role could be conclusively attributed. A mixture of compounds was found, however, including certain amino acids that have been shown to act as activators. It is questionable whether these compounds would be present at sufficiently high concentrations to act as activators when enzyme preparations are diluted to 1mg. of protein/ml. 5. Despite the failure to demonstrate conclusively the presence of endogenous activators, the balance of evidence appears to favour the hypothesis that reversible ;spontaneous' activation of these preparations can best be explained by the presence of such substances, and a scheme describing the mechanism of activation and deactivation of succinate dehydrogenase is discussed in relation to these and other observations.


The regulation of the enzymes of aromatic-ring fission in an actinomycete.


A dietary factor required for the induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbitone.


Gut bacteria and the metabolism of cyclamate in the rat.


The physical properties and mechanism of action of deoxyoxoglucarate dehydratase from Pseudomonas acidovorans.


Multiple polymers of histidine ammonia-lyase.


Further observations on the inhibitory effect of extracellular potassium ions on glycine uptake by mouse ascites-tumour cells. 1. The initial rate of uptake of glycine by the tumour cells was measured as a function of the Na(+) and K(+) concentrations in the solution in which the cells were suspended. When [Gly] was 1mm or 12mm, the rate in the absence of Na(+) was independent of [K(+)] and about 3% or 10% respectively of the rate when [Na(+)] was 150m-equiv./l. 2. The Na(+)-dependent glycine entry rate, v, at a given value of [Na(+)] was successively lowered when [K(+)] was increased from 8 to 47 to 96m-equiv./l. A kinetic analysis indicated that K(+) competitively inhibited the action of Na(+). The results were in fair agreement with previous determinations of the kinetic parameters. 3. The presence of 2mm-sodium cyanide and 10mm-2-deoxyglucose lowered the cellular ATP content to less than 3% of the value in the respiring cells. Although v was then about 50% smaller, the relative effects of K(+) and Na(+) on the system were similar to those observed during respiration. 4. A theoretical analysis indicated that the variation of v with [K(+)] is not a reliable guide to the extent to which the K(+) gradient between the cells and their environment may contribute to the net transport of glycine.


The incorporation of a hydrogen atom at C-15 of cholesterol biosynthesized from squalene. Cholesterol is biosynthesized from squalene in the presence of tritiated water. Chemical degradation reveals that a considerable percentage of the total radioactivity is present at C-15. This result confirms the previous observations on the involvement of a C-15 hydrogen atom in cholesterol biosynthesis.


Further properties of multiple forms of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase.


Studies on the structure of hyaluronic acid. Characterization of the product formed when hyaluronic acid is treated with ascorbic acid. Physical and chemical methods were used to characterize hyaluronic acid before (fraction HAIIBI) and after (fraction HA-AA) treatment with ascorbic acid. Fraction HA-AA was recovered with an almost quantitative yield and was shown to be chemically identical with fraction HAIIBI by all the methods used. These two materials, however, differed markedly in their molecular sizes and degree of polydispersity. By using sedimentation, diffusion and sedimentation-equilibrium analyses, weight-average molecular weights of about 1.2x10(6) and 6.5x10(4) respectively were obtained for fractions HAIIBI and HA-AA. It is concluded from these results that hyaluronic acid has a molecular weight of about 65000 and that the polysaccharide chain of this molecule is not depolymerized by ascorbic acid. It is further proposed that hyaluronic acid molecules in the matrix of connective tissues are present either in an aggregated form or as subunits of heterogeneous macromolecules, and that it is the linkages responsible for the organization of these structures which are broken by ascorbic acid.


The chemical synthesis of 1-O-(indol-3'-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. The higher activity of the glucoside in comparison with exogenous indol-3-ylacetic acid in plant-section elongation tests. 1. The synthesis of 1-O-(indol-3'-ylacetyl)-beta-d-glucopyranose via the fully benzylated 1-O-(indol-3'-ylacetyl)-d-glucopyranose is described. The configuration of the free ester glucoside was confirmed by complete hydrolysis with beta-glucosidase and by the n.m.r. spectrum of the tetra-acetyl derivative. 2. The growth-promoting effect of the glucoside in Avena coleoptile- and pea stem-section tests distinctly exceeds the responses stimulated by equimolar amounts of indol-3-ylacetic acid or equimolar mixtures of indol-3-ylacetic acid and glucose at all concentrations investigated. Time-sequence experiments revealed that the sections stimulated by the glucoside exhibit a markedly greater rate of elongation than those promoted by indol-3-ylacetic acid. 3. 1-O-(Indol-3'-ylacetyl)-beta-d-glucopyranose was isolated from intact Avena coleoptiles. 4. According to the results, the conjugation of indol-3-ylacetic acid with glucose could not be considered merely as a detoxication mechanism for indol-3-ylacetic acid in plant tissues.


Studies on equine trypsinogen and trypsin.


Factors affecting the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of cultured kidney-cortex cells. 1. The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of cultured calf kidney-cortex cells was correlated to growth phase, changes in oxygen supply, mean generation time and changes in nutritional supply. 2. During culture of free cells and intact explants the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern changed towards a dominance of isoenzymes containing the M subunit. 3. Of the shift in monomer proportion, 58% occurred during the lag phase and 42% during the initial part of the exponential growth phase. During the stationary phase the shift in monomer proportion reversed slightly. It was possible to relate the observed shift in monomer proportion to the glycolytic rate. 4. Factors that depressed glycolysis decreased the shift in monomer proportion. Oxygen was found to limit the decrease in the H subunit/M subunit ratio caused by anaerobic culture in vitro. 5. The results obtained support the view that the altered lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of urine in renal ischaemia may be explained by anaerobic changes in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of cortical tubule cells.


Insulin conformations.

Insulin conformations.


Order of strength of ionic linkages in protein interactions.


Effect of intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan on the cerebral metabolism of 5-hydroxy-indoles and dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine).


The sites of hydrolysis of dipeptides containing leucine and glycine by rat jejunum in vitro. 1. The effect of peptides containing leucine and glycine on accumulation of leucine and glycine by everted jejunal rings was studied. 2. It was shown that, on a molar basis, leucyl-leucine is a more effective inhibitor of uptake of [(14)C]leucine than is either leucylglycine or glycyl-leucine. These latter dipeptides behave alike. 3. The concentration of the dipeptides and their constituent amino acids in both the incubation medium and the tissue has been followed in these experiments by amino acid analysis. No leucine-containing peptides were observed in the tissue. 4. The inhibitory effects of the mixed dipeptides are altered by pH changes in an analogous way to the alterations in peptidase activity. 5. The experimental results indicate that leucine-containing peptides are hydrolysed before the transport step. 6. Glycylglycine, on the other hand, has only a small effect on the accumulation of glycine, although large amounts of the peptide accumulate unchanged in the tissue. This suggests that glycylglycine is taken up by a different mechanism to that for the leucine dipeptides.


Isolation of a mucoprotein from porcine gastric mucosa.


Isotopic exchange between acetylcholine and [Me-14C] choline catalysed by human placental choline acetyltransferase.


Solution properties of polygalacturonic acid. 1. The specimen of polygalacturonic acid used in these studies was shown to contain very little neutral sugar, methyl ester groups or ash, and only residues of galacturonic acid. Its electrophoretic homogeneity was examined in pyridine-acetic acid buffer at pH6.5 and in borate buffer at pH9.2. The distribution of effective particle weights was shown to be fairly narrow. 2. The pH-titration curve of the polymer gave a pK value of 3.7. 3. The interaction of the polymer with Ruthenium Red was studied and titration curves were obtained for the spectral shifts associated with the formation of a complex. 4. Optical-rotatory-dispersion studies showed that the Drude constant, lambda(c), was dependent on pH. 5. Polygalacturonic acid was shown to display non-Newtonian properties in solution and to have an anomalously high relative specific viscosity at low concentrations. 6. Studies were made of the pH-dependence of the sedimentation coefficient of the polymer. 7. These results are discussed in terms of the structure of the molecule and their relevance to the properties of pectic substances.


Properties of an alpha-D-galactosyltransferase in human tissues obtained in blood-group B donors.


Properties of alpha-galactosidase I from Vicia faba.


Strain differences in the activities of rat liver enzymes. 1. The activities of four enzymes of glycolysis were assayed in the liver of five different strains of rats (four ;Wistar-derived', one Sprague-Dawley) kept on three different but very similar diets. 2. Major strain differences were found for the activities of pyruvate kinase (3-fold), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (5-fold), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (3-fold) and triokinase (1.5-fold). 3. Although the initial activities of pyruvate kinase differed greatly the percentage responses to starvation or a diet high in soluble carbohydrate were of the same order in two strains. 4. The importance of considering strain differences is emphasized when making comparisons of measurements carried out in different laboratories.


Protein-polysaccharide complexes secreted by the calf tracheal epithelium in vitro.


The biochemical status of metabolites of alkane-utilizing Pseudomonas organisms. Examination of the metabolic products formed by five alkane-utilizing Pseudomonas organisms during growth on various alkanes and on glucose as sole carbon sources indicates that many metabolites may be of predominantly synthetic origin rather than intermediary metabolites of alkane breakdown. This conclusion is supported by an examination of the effect of fluoroacetate on such fermentations.


Countercurrent studies of some prophyrins of various tissues.


Glutathione-protein mixed disulphides in human lens.


Incorporation of [2-14C] mevalonic acid into 28-isofucosterol by leaves of Pisum sativum.


Studies on insect moulting hormones: biosynthesis of ponasterone A and ecdysterone from [2-14C] mevalonate in Taxus baccata.


Diquat cataract in the rat.

Diquat cataract in the rat.


Spontaneous reversal of arsenate-induced swelling of mitochondria.


Proton transport in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.


The electron-transport chain of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain ST.


The dialysis of small volumes (5-50microl.) of fluid.


Further knowledge on the variability of Cyclocoelum obscurum (Leidy, 1887) Trematoda.


Guidelines for developing dietary counseling services in the community.


Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism in structural and stereochemical studies.


Nutrition opportunities in specialized health areas.


A low-protein, low-phenylalanine vegetable casserole.


Simplifying dietary procedures for research.


The cost of research diets.

The cost of research diets.


A model of a centralized tray assembly conveyor system for a hospital.


A practical approach in encouraging geriatric patients to eat.


Orthogeriatrics.

Orthogeriatrics.


Mental and functional status in the elderly: relationship to blood gas and pH levels.


An immunization program for domiciliaries (chronic disease facilities).


The chronically ill aged, family conflict, and family medicine.


The edentulous patient. I. Xerostomia and the serum cholesterol level.


The edentulous patient. II. Xerostomia and the blood sugar level.


The concept of biologic half-life in relation to senescence.


Bronchopneumonia in terminally ill patients.


The psychiatrist and the polygraph.

The psychiatrist and the polygraph.


Intragastric color photography in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.


Differentiation and degeneration in the motor horn of the foetal mouse.


Studies on the nature and localization of acid phosphatase in normal and lens-regenerating urodele eyes. II. Biochemical assay.


The bulbus cardis and its septa in Sphenodon punctatus.


Growth hormone and insulin levels in newly discovered glucose intolerance.


Insulin patterns prior to and after onset of diabetes.


Growth hormone in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus.


Insulin responses in myotonia dystrophica.


Enhanced postglucose hypophosphatemia during starvation therapy of obesity.


Carbohydrate intolerance in gout.

Carbohydrate intolerance in gout.


Effect of glucose on liver metabolism during ethanol oxidation.


Hormone production by human pituitary adenomas in culture.


The cyclamate bandwagon.

The cyclamate bandwagon.


Deficient thiamine pyrophosphate and blood alpha-ketoglutarate-pyruvate relationships during febrile human infections.


Traces of messenger DNA.

Traces of messenger DNA.


Vision. Periodic psychophysics.

Vision. Periodic psychophysics.


Information, communication, knowledge.

Information, communication, knowledge.


I-DNA: Its packaging into I-somes and its relation to protein synthesis during differentiation.


Natural selection and the complexity of the gene.


Mechanism of inhibition of ribosomes by streptomycin.


Colour discrimination and hue.

Colour discrimination and hue.


Probable localization of a triosephosphate isomerase gene to the short arm of the number 5 human chromosome.


Factor producing separable strands during replication of a synthetic DNA.


XYY survey in an institution for sex offenders and the mentally ill.


Inhibition of the growth of murine malignant melanoma with synthetic double-stranded ribonucleic acid.


Role of steroid hormones in the interaction of polysomes with endoplasmic reticulum.


Theta isoantigen as a marker of thymus-derived lymphocytes in mice.


Increased oncogenic effect of methylcholanthrene after treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum.


Daily periodicity of susceptibility of mice to pneumococcal infection.


Acetylcholine binding by isolated synaptic vesicles in vitro.


Hyposensitivity of smooth muscle to noradrenaline caused by sympathetic hyperinnervation.


Early Hominidae and cranial capacity.

Early Hominidae and cranial capacity.


Comparison between gammagraphy and roentgenography.


The middle ear region of Dromiciops.

The middle ear region of Dromiciops.


The cerebral ventricles of the golden hamster during growth.


Development of the membrane bones and ossification of the chondrocranium in the albino rat.


Seminal vesicles and sperm duct of an Indian catfish, Mystus tengara (Ham.), with particular reference to their seasonal cycle.


Ion-selective electrodes in continuous-flow analysis. Determination of calcium in serum.


Gastric secretion and peptic ulcer following portacaval shunt in man.


Acute and recurrent thromboembolic disease: a new concept of etiology.


Assessment of anticoagulant treatment of venous thromboembolism.


The treatment of pancreatic ascites.

The treatment of pancreatic ascites.


Surgical judgment in the management of stab wounds of the abdomen: A retrospective and prospective analysis based on a study of 600 stabbed patients.


Lymph culture: a new tool for the investigation of human infections.


Meeting a need.

Meeting a need.


Recovery of strength in acute polyneuritis and poliomyelitis.


The contribution to physical medicine of our experience with poliomyelitis.


Dust control and air cleaning.

Dust control and air cleaning.


The insect and mite pests.

The insect and mite pests.


New storage systems in relation to infestation problems.


The use of insecticides.

The use of insecticides.


Dietary modification of the stability of rat liver Golgi apparatus.


Ultrastructural alterations of cutaneous nerves in granuloma.


Separation of mammalian cells using programmed gradient sedimentation.


Fine structural studies of capillaries in NZB-NZW mice.


The role of dietary silver in the production of liver necrosis in vitamin E-deficient rats.


Ultrastructural elements in experimental intimal thickening. II. Study of the development of elastic elements in intimal proliferation.


Ultrastructural elements in experimental intimal thickening. I. Electron microscopic study of the development and cellular elements of intimal proliferation.


Amyloid-bearing tumors of mice.

Amyloid-bearing tumors of mice.


Fine structure of the GAAN effect and lathyrism in cultured chick cartilage.


The inhibition of cartilage matrix production by glutamylaminoacetonitrile in vitro.


The proliferation dynamics of the normal and stimulated adrenal cortex.


The characters of granulo-lutein and theca-lutein cells as shown by the lipid metabolism of Corpus luteum.


A histoenzymatic study of neuroglia during myelination of the rabbit brain.


Changes in the rat liver in the course of poisoning with ammonium molybdate.


The effect of a large dose of ionizing radiation on dehydrogenase activity in the rat brain.


The activity of some intracellular enzymes in the transplantable mouse vaginal carcinoma as influenced by oestradiol and progesterone in different passages.


Aminopeptidase activity in cartilaginous grafts.


Phospholipids in chromosomes of the nucleus of follicular vesicles of Carausius morous at the phase of mitotic and meiotic division.


The cytochemical localization of phospholipids in cell nuclei.


Cation-binding capacity of membranes isolated from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. A study was made of H(+), Na(+), K(+), Ca(++), and Mg(++) binding and ion-exchange properties of the plasma-mesosome membrane system isolated from Micrococcus lysodeikticus strain NCTC 2665. Titration curves were obtained on membranes prepared according to the method of M. R. J. Salton and further exposed to pH 4 for 4 hr (membranes-H). The dissociation coefficients and binding capacities were obtained by applying the mass law equation and the plot of G. Schatchard to the data. The membranes-H possess four kinds of dissociable groups with pK 4.96, 4.18, 3.60, and 3.09, respectively, and a total binding capacity of 0.65 meq/g (dry weight). Potentiometric titrations of cations in the presence and in the absence of membranes-H show that cations (Na(+), K(+), Ca(++), and Mg(++)) are bound by the dissociated groups of the membrane. The fall in pH value for bivalent cations is greater than that for monovalent cations. Cations of the same valency produce equal diminutions on pH. Furthermore, ion-exchange tests carried out on membranes saturated with Mg(++) or Na(+) and suspended in a medium containing (45)Ca show that the cations are reversibly bound.


Purification and properties of proteolytic enzymes from thermophilic actinomycetes. The enzymes isolated from two selected cultures of thermophilic actinomycetes-Thermomonospora fusca (A 29) and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (A 60)-possess proteolytic activity. The enzymes were purified more than 35- to 40-fold and showed three bands each upon cellulose acetate electrophoresis at several pH values. Based upon Sephadex gel filtration, molecular weights of 21,500 and 23,800 were calculated for the active peaks of the enzymes. The purified enzymes lysed heat-killed cells of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi and also hydrolyzed casein. The enzymes were most active between a temperature range of 60 and 70 C and pH 8.0 and 9.0, and were significantly inhibited by potassium permanganate, potassium ferricyanide, and iodine.


Molecular heterogeneity of isolates of the marine bacterium Leucothrix mucor. Two collections of strains of Leucothrix mucor were isolated, one of world-wide origin and the other originating from a restricted area around San Juan Island, Friday Harbor, Washington. These two collections were compared on the basis of morphological, nutritional, and physiological properties, deoxyribonucleic acid base composition, and mobility by starch-gel electrophoresis of isocitric dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase. Despite the fact that all the strains were similar in most characteristics, significant molecular heterogeneity was found in the enzyme electrophoresis studies. This heterogeneity was just as great in the local collection as it was in the world collection. Even strains originating from the same microenvironment exhibited molecular heterogeneity.


Biosynthesis of amino sugars by Pseudomonas saccharophila. Pseudomonas saccharophila growing on specifically labeled glucose incorporated isotope into cell wall glucosamine and muramic acid with less than 5% randomization of carbons. Glucosamine contained isotope in both the 1 and 6 positions when cells were grown on either galactose-6-(14)C or gluconate-6-(14)C. With galactose-1-(14)C, only muramic acid was labeled. Specific activities of the carboxyl group of muramic acid obtained from the glucose-grown cells did not indicate whether the origin of the side chain of muramic acid is pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate. However, the high specific activity obtained from galactose-1-(14)C suggested that induced cells preferentially incorporate C-1 of galactose into the side chain of muramic acid. Addition of unlabeled glucosamine to growing cultures repressed incorporation of substrate isotope into glucosamine, but muramic acid contained activity in the lactyl side chain.


Acetate utilization and macromolecular synthesis during sporulation of yeast. Acetate utilization and macromolecule synthesis during sporulation (meiosis) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. When diploid cells are transferred from glucose nutrient medium to acetate sporulation medium at early stationary phase, respiration of the exogenously supplied acetate proceeds without any apparent lag. At the completion of ascospore development, 62% of the acetate carbon consumed has been respired, 22% remains in the soluble pool, and 16% is incorporated into lipids, protein, nucleic acids, and other cell components. Measurements of the rate of protein synthesis during sporulation reveal two periods of maximal synthetic activity: an early phase coincidental with increases in deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein cellular content and a later phase during ascospore formation. Experiments in which protein synthesis was inhibited at intervals during sporulation indicate that protein synthesis is required both for the initiation and completion of ascus development.


Factors influencing in vitro skin permeability factor production by Vibrio cholerae. The development of a new semisynthetic medium which stimulates in vitro production of the skin permeability factor (PF) by Vibrio cholerae is described. The effects of pH, aeration, temperature, and length of incubation on PF formation or release in strain 569B and several other strains, or both, are compared. Data are presented which show that maximal PF accumulation occurs during a transitional period of growth joining the exponential and stationary phases of the growth cycle. PF elaboration is completed well ahead of any visible signs of lysis in the culture and the PF activity appears to be proportional to the length of the linear growth phase. Possible mechanisms of toxigenicity and the nature of PF are discussed.


Purified protoplasmic peptides of mycobacteria: isolation of species-specific peptides from protoplasm of mycobacteria. Infections with mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli are responsible for a variable percentage of cross-reactions to tuberculin. Two major suggestions for circumventing this problem have been made: the first, development of a quantitative tuberculin test, is based on the fact that most cross-reactions are smaller than those caused by true tuberculous infections; the second, preparation of purified skin test antigens from other mycobacteria, is based on the hope that greater specificity will be displayed by homologous sensitin. Effort so far has been focused on the culture filtrates as the source of antigen. This article describes the preparation of low molecular weight purified protoplasmic peptides (PPP) of specificity and sensitivity superior to purified protein derivatives.


Glucose-induced crypticity toward succinate metabolism in Saccharomyces lactis. Saccharomyces lactis grown on glucose adapted very slowly to growth on succinate. This initial inability of glucose-grown cells to grow on succinate was paralleled by their inability to oxidize succinate. The possibility that repression by glucose of respiratory chain components was responsible for these observations was examined. Glucose-grown cells were able to respire glucose, ethyl alcohol, and lactate and were able to initiate growth on ethyl alcohol as rapidly as succinate-grown cells. Respiratory enzyme levels were essentially the same in cells grown on succinate or on glucose. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that glucose-grown cells possessed a full complement of cytochrome bands. Since by these criteria glucose-grown S. lactis appears to possess a competent respiratory system, the penetration of succinate-2,3-(14)C into succinate- and glucose-grown cells was examined directly. Glucose-grown cells exhibited a strong permeability barrier to succinate. Comparison of glucose oxidation by S. lactis and by S. cerevisiae suggests that the crypticity to succinate does not depend upon a strong Crabtree effect in S. lactis.


Distribution and serological specificity of sialidase produced by various groups of streptococci. The occurrence of a streptococcal sialidase (designated St-sialidase) in culture fluids of various streptococci was investigated. St-sialidase was found to occur in strains belonging to groups A, B, C, E, G, H, and L, and the unclassified strains, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus uberis. St-sialidase of group A was confined predominantly to types 4 and 22. St-sialidases, extracted from the culture fluids of some selected strains, were antigenic, eliciting the formation of antibody which effectively neutralized the enzymatic activity of the enzyme. Antisera to the St-sialidases of groups A, B, C, E, G, and L, and Streptococcus sanguis were produced in rabbits. The St-sialidases of groups A, B, and E streptococci were serologically distinct and group-specific. The St-sialidases from groups C, G, and L were serologically homologous, but distinct from St-sialidases of the other groups. Antiserum to the enzyme of strain 10557 (S. sanguis) cross-reacted with the St-sialidase of strain 9927 (S. uberis).


Accumulation of sulfite by a sulfate-using revertant of Salmonella pullorum. Sulfate-utilizing revertants of a cysteine auxotroph of Salmonella pullorum have been found that cause an accumulation in growth medium of a sulfur compound more oxidized than sulfide. The sulfur compound was presumptively identified as sulfite by the formation of a colored complex in the presence of basic fuchsin and formaldehyde, oxidation to sulfate by peroxide, and acid-volatility. The acid-volatile material was identified as sulfite by formation of an S-sulfonyl derivative of 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) which was chromatographically and electrophoretically identical to an authentic S-sulfonyl derivative. The presence of sulfate in minimal medium is required for sulfite accumulation, and both cysteine and selenate inhibit the accumulation. No evidence was obtained to indicate that a reduced sulfur compound was the precursor of the accumulated sulfite.


Differential effect of respiratory inhibitors on ergosterol synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during adaptation to oxygen. The effect of different respiratory inhibitors on the ergosterol content of microaerobically grown non-proliferating yeast cultures was monitored during adaptation to oxygen. It was found that dinitrophenol, azide, and cyanide, which act on the mechanism of the respiratory chain, cause a marked stimulation of sterol production. Acriflavine and chloramphenicol, which affect the synthesis of the respiratory apparatus, caused a delay in the onset of ergosterol synthesis or a marked decrease in sterol content. The data obtained provide presumptive evidence that a component of sterol formation is synthesized on the 70S ribosomal system of the mitochondrion and induced in the presence of oxygen.


Mutants affecting thymidine metabolism in Neurospora crassa. When (14)C-thymidine labeled only in the ring is administered to Neurospora crassa, the majority of the recovered label is found in the ribonucleic acid (RNA). Three mutants were isolated in which different steps are blocked in the pathway that converts the pyrimidine ring of thymidine to an RNA precursor. Evidence from genetic, nutritional, and accumulation studies with the three mutants shows the pathway to proceed as follows: thymidine --> thymine --> 5-hydroxymethyluracil --> 5-formyluracil --> uracil --> uridylic acid. A mutant strain in which the thymidine to thymine conversion is blocked is unable to metabolize thymidine appreciably by any route, including entry into nucleic acids. This suggests that Neurospora lacks a thymidine phosphorylating enzyme. A second mutation blocks the pathway at the 5-hydroxymethyluracil to 5-formyluracil step, whereas a third prevents utilization of uracil and all compounds preceding it in the pathway. The mutant isolation procedures yielded three other classes of mutations which are proposed to be affecting, respectively, regulation of the thymidine degradative pathway, transport of pyrimidine free bases, and transport of pyrimidine nucleosides.


Mechanism of optical effects in suspensions of a marine pseudomonad. When cells of a marine pseudomonad washed free of medium components with 0.05 m MgSO(4) were suspended in solutions containing 200-mm concentrations of various salts, there was an immediate increase in optical density (OD), followed by a slow decrease. The decrease following the initial increase, but not the increase itself, could be prevented by omitting K(+) from or by adding metabolic inhibitors to the suspending solution. With NaCl, the initial increase in OD rose to a maximum as the salt concentration was increased to 200 mm and then declined at 500 mm. There was a corresponding decrease in intracellular fluid volume to a minimum at 200-mm NaCl and then a rise. When the increased OD produced by NaCl was maintained, the internal Na(+) and Cl(-) could be shown to have reached essentially the same concentration in the cells as in the medium. Thus, the OD changes could not have been due to osmotic effects. No evidence was obtained of a salt-induced aggregation of nuclear material. The OD of suspensions of isolated cell envelopes increased in response to increases in NaCl concentration in the absence but not in the presence of 0.05 m MgSO(4). The data was interpreted to indicate that the salt-induced increases in OD occurring in suspensions of the cells resulted from an interaction of salts with components of the cell envelope, causing contraction of the envelopes and shrinkage of the cells.


Biological studies with alpha-dehydrobiotin. A growing culture of Streptomyces lydicus converted biotin-(14)C to alpha-dehydrobiotin-(14)C. The conversion was demonstrated by isolating crystalline alpha-dehydrobiotin-(14)C from fermentation liquors supplemented with biotin-(14)C. The addition of pimelic acid-(14)C to the growing culture did not produce any radioactive alpha-dehydrobiotin. alpha-Dehydrobiotin did not substitute for biotin in Lactobacillus plantarum or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrobial activity of alpha-dehydrobiotin was abolished by avidin. alpha-Dehydrobiotin appears to be different from several biotin vitamers described in the literature. It is concluded that alpha-dehydrobiotin is a product of biotin catabolism in S. lydicus.


Developmental regulation of alkaline phosphatase in Dictyostelium discoideum. The kinetics of accumulation of alkaline phosphatase activity were determined in cells of wild-type and morphologically aberrant mutant strains of Dictyostelium discoideum induced to develop synchronously on membrane supports. The enzyme specific activity increased slowly in wild-type cells until culmination when a dramatic rise in specific activity occurred. The patterns of accumulation in the mutant strains, as well as previous electrophoretic analysis, suggest that the two phases of accumulation may result from the synthesis of distinct isozymes. The rapid accumulation of alkaline phosphatase was found to require concomitant protein synthesis. Ribonucleic acid synthesis, on the other hand, could be inhibited during the 8 hr immediately preceding culmination without affecting the amount of enzyme accumulated. When ribonucleic acid synthesis was inhibited earlier in development, the accumulation of alkaline phosphatase was reduced. Comparison of these results with work on other developmentally controlled enzymes suggests that both transcriptional and translational control occurs during development of D. discoideum. The accumulation of alkaline phosphatase was shown to require specific cellular topography during culmination, suggesting that intercellular interactions which allow synthesis of alkaline phosphatase occur at that stage.


Endogenous encystment of Azotobacter vinelandii. When young cells of Azotobacter vinelandii are impinged on membrane filters, washed free of carbon substrate, and placed on a mineral salts basal medium, the culture will proceed to encyst although at a slower rate than if n-butanol were supplied as a substrate. The endogenous cysts are depleted in polybeta-hydroxybutyrate and have a narrower intine but show an increased resistance to desiccation and are susceptible to lysis by chelating agents. Membrane-supported cells reveal details of the encystment process such as the formation of a zone within the capsule prior to exine formation and the early deposition of exine structures.


Wax D fraction of an unclassified Mycobacterium strain. Wax D prepared from the P-6 strain of the scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum constituted 0.3% of the dry bacilli. In the acid hydrolysates, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and mesodiaminopimelic acid were found as amino acid constituents. Mannose, galactose, and glucosamine were detected by paper chromatography. However, arabinose could not be detected. The quantity of hexosamine was 0.2 to 0.3%. Wax D of P-6 was found to be adjuvant-active, as revealed by a positive corneal reaction. The antigenicity of wax D of P-6 was shown by the agglutination reaction between the suspension of wax D and the anti-wax D antiserum. Periodate oxidation of the hydrosoluble portion reduced the inhibitory effect of the hydrosoluble portion on agglutination of the suspension of wax D. The light fraction of wax D had a peptide portion consisting of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and diaminopimelic acid and was found to be adjuvant-active in an amount of 1,000 mug.


Ultraviolet micrography of penetration of exogenous cytochrome c into the yeast cell. Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in water suspension were found to be very sensitive to exogenous cytochrome c. The protein was taken up by the cells, and the viable count was reduced to a few per cent of the initial value. Micrography at 405 nm revealed penetration of cytochrome c into the interior of the cell. The cytoplasmic membrane lost its capacity to retain intracellular constituents, and ultraviolet-absorbing compounds were released into the medium. When budding cells were subjected to treatment with cytochrome c, the mother cells were found to be more susceptible than the buds. Phosphate buffer protected the cells and spheroplasts against cytochrome c.


Relationship between cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and bacterial motility. High-resolution electron microscopy of polarly flagellated bacteria revealed that their flagella originate at a circular, differentiated portion of the cytoplasmic membrane approximately 25 nm in diameter. The flagella also have discs attaching them to the cell wall. These attachment discs are extremely resistant to lytic damage and are firmly bound to the flagella. The cytoplasm beneath the flagellum contains a granulated basal body about 60 nm in diameter, and a specialized polar membrane. The existence of membrane-bound basal bodies is shown to be an artifact arising from adherence of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane fragments to flagella in lysed preparations. Based on structures observed, a mechanism to explain bacterial flagellar movement is proposed. Flagella are considered to be anchored to the cell wall and activated by displacement of underlying cytoplasmic membrane to which they are also firmly attached. An explanation for the membrane displacement is given.


New facultative Thiobacillus and a reevaluation of the heterotrophic potential of Thiobacillus novellus. A new facultatively autotrophic Thiobacillus has been isolated in pure culture. The general physiological characteristics of the organism are described together with a redescription of Thiobacillus novellus. The new isolate differs from T. novellus in its ability to grow heterotrophically at faster rates and on a greater range of organic compounds. It can be transferred readily between autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. It can grow anaerobically by nitrate respiration on a number of organic compounds, but not on thiosulfate. Some problems in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the thiobacilli are discussed with reference to the new isolate.


Ultramicroscopic structure of Intrasporangium calvum (Actinomycetales). The electron microscopic observation of vesicles formed by Intrasporangium calvum revealed that they do not contain spores. It thus seems that these vesicles should not be called sporangia. Isolation and study of three other strains of actinomycetes forming similar vesicles indicated that such structures can be formed by actinomycetes with very different properties. The taxonomic value of vesicle formation in actinomycetes is questioned.


Streptolysin O: sedimentation coefficient and molecular weight determinations. The sedimentation coefficient of streptolysin O as determined by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation is 3.7S. An approximate molecular weight of 60,500 was calculated from the sedimentation velocity, and a similar value was obtained by Sephadex gel filtration. There was no measurable difference in the sedimentation coefficient of streptolysin O in either the active or reversibly inactive forms, indicating that there were at most only minor conformational differences between the two forms.


Differentiation between Clostridium sordellii and Clostridi- um bifermentans by gas chromatography. Clostridium bifermentans can be differentiated from Clostridium sordellii by gas chromatography on the basis of amines detected after growth for 6 hr in cookedmeat medium. Products detected after exposure of resting cells to amino acids gave evidence for the probable origin of the amines.


Leukocyte bactericidal activity in chronic granulomatous disease: correlation of bacterial hydrogen peroxide production and susceptibility to intracellular killing. Susceptibility of bacteria to intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease could be correlated with bacterial hydrogen peroxide production.


Folate reductase and specific dihydrofolate reductase activities of the amethopterin-sensitive Streptococcus faecium var. durans. Preliminary evidence is presented that indicates that the dihydrofolate reductase activity of amethopterin-sensitive Streptococcus faecium var. durans ATCC 8043 is separable into two dihydrofolate reductases, one of which also reduces folate.


Volatile and cellular fatty acids of Haemophilus vaginalis. The major volatile acid produced by Haemophilus vaginalis was acetic acid. The absence of propionate, butyrate, and cellular branched-chain fatty acids indicates that H. vaginalis is not related to Propionibacterium or Butyribacterium.


Heterogeneity between two mouse-toxic protein polymers from Pasteurella pestis indicated by electrophoresis patterns in a phenol-acetic acid-urea gel system. Highly purified plague murine toxins A or B dissociate to form single uncommon polypeptide bands and another polypeptide band common to both toxins.


Active and passive immunization in the adult rabbit ileal loop model as an assay for production of antitoxin immunity by cholera vaccines. Three field trial cholera vaccines did not induce antitoxic immunity. A choleragenic toxin induced high-serum neutralizing antibody, but protection to loop challenge with toxin was minimal.


Experimental arthritis in mice with Mycoplasma pulmonis. A Mycoplasma pulmonis strain, recovered from the arthritic joints of mice employed in the serial passage of a chemically induced tumor, was found to be arthritogenic for mice under experimental conditions. Some joint involvement occurred in all mice challenged intravenously with this strain, and M. pulmonis was recovered frequently from the enlarged joints. The arthritis was migratory, appearing first in the radiocarpal joints and later in the tibiotarsal joints. There was little evidence of a generalized mycoplasmal infection as a consequence of the experimental challenge. Histopathologically, the early stages of the infection in the joints was characterized by an inflammatory response in the synovium and periarticular tissues. Exudate in the joint space contained about equal numbers of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. The polyarthritis resolved slowly, but some residual joint enlargement was noted for as long as 4 months. Two other M. pulmonis strains were also observed to be arthritogenic for mice. Rats were not susceptible to M. pulmonis challenge. Characteristics of the nonsuppurative M. pulmonis arthritis in mice were compared to M. arthritidis joint infections in rats.


Generic identification of L-forms by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic comparison of extracts from parent strains and their derived L-forms. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method was used for identification of L-forms in the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Proteus, by comparing phenol-acetic acid-water extracts of homologous parent L-form pairs to one another and to other pairs. The method requires only milligram quantities of material for analysis. The standard patterns for the strains used in this study are shown as pictures of the gels and as densitometric tracings of appropriate gels. They show that, despite occasional minor differences in some organisms, the gel electrophoretic patterns of homologous L-forms and bacterial pairs are sufficiently similar-as well as sufficiently dissimilar from patterns of other genera-to permit generic identification of an unknown L-form by reference to patterns derived from possible parental bacteria.


Reaction of chloroacetamide with the sulfhydryl group of papain.


Enhanced growth of T-strain mycoplasmas with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazone-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer. The small size of T-strain mycoplasma colonies obtained on agar medium has been a drawback to the study of these organisms. The incorporation of 0.05 mN-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), a new hydrogen ion buffer, into agar medium at pH 6.8 led to the production of colonies at least 60% greater in diameter than those obtained on media without HEPES at pH 6.5 or 6.0. In addition, the colonies often had the "fried-egg" appearance typical of "classical" large-colony-forming mycoplasmas. The addition of HEPES to liquid medium in the presence of 0.1% urea resulted in a slightly higher number of viable organisms and a corresponding increase in ammonia production. Rapid death of the mycoplasmas occurred on continued incubation of the liquid medium cultures even in the presence of HEPES. The larger colony size facilitated the study of hemadsorption and tissue-culture cell adsorption. Preliminary results of such tests in which these phenomena have been demonstrated are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of having larger colonies are discussed, and the terminology of T-strain mycoplasmas is considered in the light of the present findings.


Reaction of the sulfhydryl group of papain with chloroacetic acid.


Circular dichroism studies of chymotrypsin and its derivatives. Correlation of changes in dichroic bands with deacylation.


Fractionation of the protein components of human erythrocyte membranes.


Isolation and properties of subunits of bovine pituitary luteinizing hormone.


An active variant of staphylococcal nuclease containing norleucine in place of methionine.


Enzymatic and physiological properties of the yeast glutamate-alpha-ketoadipate transaminase.


Biosynthesis of lactosylceramide and triglycosylceramide by galactosyltransferases from rat spleen.


Characterization of the subunits of the flagella of Proteus vulgaris.


Bacterial metabolism of thiamine. II. The isolation and characterization of 3-(2'-methyl-4'-amino-5'-pyrimidylmethyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-acetic acid (thiamine acetic acid) as an intermediate in the oxidation of thiamine.


Hydrogen transfer between substrates and deoxyadenosylcobalamin in the glutamate mutase reaction.


Isolation and sequence of peptides at the active center of bovine carboxypeptidase B.


Concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in subcellular fractions of liver, kidney, prostate, and muscle in the male dog.


A study of the multiplicity of lysine-rich histones.


Studies on the origin of a low molecular weight ribonucleic acid from human cells infected with adenoviruses.


Ribonucleic acid biosynthesis of human cells during amino acid deprivation.


Bisection of a lysine-rich histone by N-bromosuccinimide.


The effect on subtilisin activity of oxidizing a methionine residue.


Regulation of mitochondrial glutamic dehydrogenase by divalent metals, nucleotides, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Correlations between the molecular and kinetic mechanisms, and the physiological implications.


Protein synthesis in a cell-free system derived from the rat parotid gland.


Heteropolydeoxynucleotides synthesized with terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase. 3. Examination of pyrimidine nucleotide sequences after acid degradation.


Fat metabolism in higher plants. 38. Properties of wheat germ acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase.


Control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian tissues. I. Partial purification and characterization of glutamine-utilizing carbamyl phosphate synthetase of mouse spleen and its tissue distribution.


A study of nucleolar vacuoles in cultured tobacco cells using radioautography, actinomycin D, and electron microscopy. Previously it has been found that in tobacco callus cells nucleolar vacuoles repeatedly form and contract. In this study, nucleolar vacuoles were investigated by using radioautography, actinomycin D, and electron microscopy. It was found, from grain counts of nucleoli labeled with uridine-(3)H, that nucleoli containing vacuoles had more than three times as many grains/micro(2) of nucleolar substance as did nucleolei without vacuoles. Treatment of tobacco callus cells with various concentrations of actinomycin D caused the percentage of cells containing nucleolar vacuoles to decrease; with the highest concentration the percentage of these cells dropped from the normal level of about 70% to less than 10%. However, after removal of actinomycin D the cells regained nucleolar vacuoles up to the control level. When radioautography was used with actinomycin D, it was found that the actinomycin D inhibited the uptake of uridine-(3)H, i.e. inhibited RNA synthesis, in those nucleoli which lost their nucleolar vacuoles. In addition, after removal of the cells from actinomycin D, it was found that as the cells regained nucleolar vacuoles the nucleoli also began to incorporate uridine-(3)H. Electron micrographs showed the nucleoli to be composed of a compact, finely fibrous central portion surrounded by a layer of dense particles 100-150 A in diameter. Nucleolar vacuoles occurred in the fibrous central portion. Dense particles similar to those in the outer layer of the nucleoli were found scattered throughout the vacuoles and in a dense layer at their outer edge. These data suggest that in cultured tobacco callus cells the formation and contraction of nucleolar vacuoles is closely related to RNA synthesis in the nucleolus.


Temporal order in mammalian cells. I. The periodic synthesis of lactate dehydrogenase in the cell cycle. Chinese hamster cells were synchronized by the Colcemid-selection system. In cells with a division cycle time of 11.5-12 hr, the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) underwent marked oscillations with a 3.5-hr period. Precipitation of labeled LDH enzyme with specific antibody indicated that the enzyme activity changes were the result of intermittent enzyme synthesis and relatively constant degradation. Inhibition of normal DNA replication with 4 mM of thymidine, while reducing the amount of new enzyme synthesized, did not prevent oscillations from occurring. Similarly, actinomycin D (AcD) added at the time of synchronization allowed some new enzyme synthesis to proceed in an oscillatory manner. LDH synthesis went on at nearly normal rates when AcD was added in the middle of S phase. However, addition of cycloheximide to cultures at any time in the cycle caused an immediate drop in levels of activity and in enzyme protein. The half-life of LDH, calculated either from loss of enzyme activity or precipitable radioactivity in cycloheximide-treated cultures, was between 2 and 2.5 hr.


The development of Golgi complexes and their dependence upon the nucleus inmebae. The production of Golgi complexes was investigated in Amoeba proteus by introducing a nucleus into cells that had been enucleated for 5 days. Golgi complexes were not detected in 5 day enucleates, nor were they observed in amebae fixed 15 min after renucleation. Samples taken at longer intervals after the introduction of a nucleus exhibited an increase in the size and abundance of Golgi complexes. Small curved smooth cisternae, some of which were aligned in parallel to form small Golgi complexes, were observed 30 min after the operation. Aggregations of small Golgi complexes increased in number in amebae fixed 1 to 6 hr after renucleation. Golgi complexes of normal size were present 6 hr after the operation and became more abundant in samples fixed 12 hr, and 1, 2, and 3 days after renucleation. The possible participation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum in the development of Golgi complexes was suggested by two observations. First, the Golgi complexes in renucleates contained a dense material similar to the content of the endoplasmic reticulum in enucleates and early renucleates. Second, examples of continuity between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae were present in renucleates. The possibility that Golgi complexes can be produced in the absence of preexisting Golgi complexes is discussed.


Electron microscopic radioautographic detection of sites of protein synthesis and migration in liver. The sites of synthesis of proteins and their subsequent migration in rat liver have been studied during a 75 min period after labeling of liver-slice proteins by exposure to leucine-H(3) for 2 min. Incorporation of the label into protein began after 1 min and was maximal by 4 min. Electron microscopic radioautography showed that synthesis of proteins in hepatocytes occurs mainly on ribosomes, particularly those in rough endoplasmic reticulum and, to some extent, in nuclei and mitochondria. Most of the newly formed proteins leave the endoplasmic reticulum in the course of 40 min, and concurrently labeled proteins appear in Golgi bodies, smooth membranes, microbodies, and lysosomes. A likely pathway for the secretion of some or all plasma proteins is from typical rough endoplasmic reticulum to a zone of reticulum which is partially coated with ribosomes, to the Golgi apparatus, and thence to the cell periphery. The formation of protein by reticuloendothelial cells was measured and found to be about 5% of the total protein formed by the liver.


Radioautographic visualization of the incorporation of galactose-3H and mannose-3H by rat thyroids in vitro in relation to the stages of thyroglobulin synthesis. Rat thyroid lobes incubated with mannose-(3)H, galactose-(3)H, or leucine-(3)H, were studied by radioautography. With leucine-(3)H and mannose-(3)H, the grain reaction observed in the light microscope is distributed diffusely over the cells at 5 min, with no reaction over the colloid. Later, the grains are concentrated towards the apex, and colloid reactions begin to appear by 2 hr. With galactose-(3)H, the reaction at 5 min is again restricted to the cells but it consists of clumped grains next to the nucleus. Soon after, grains are concentrated at the cell apex and colloid reactions appear in some follicles as early as 30 min. Puromycin almost totally inhibits incorporation of leucine-(3)H and mannose-(3)H, but has no detectable effect on galactose-(3)H incorporation during the 1st hr. Quantitation of electron microscope radioautographs shows that mannose-(3)H label localizes initially in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and by 1-2 hr much of this reaction is transferred to the Golgi apparatus. At 3 hr and subsequently, significant reactions are present over apical vesicles and colloid, while the Golgi reaction declines. Label associated with galactose-(3)H localizes initially in the Golgi apparatus and rapidly transfers to the apical vesicles, and then to the colloid. These findings indicate that mannose incorporation into thyroglobulin precursors occurs within the rough endoplasmic reticulum; these precursors then migrate to the Golgi apparatus, where galactose incorporation takes place. The glycoprotein thus formed migrates via the apical vesicles to the colloid.


Formation of arrowhead complexes with heavy meromyosin in a variety of cell types. Heavy meromyosin (HMM) forms characteristic arrowhead complexes with actin filaments in situ. These complexes are readily visualized in sectioned muscle. Following HMM treatment similar complexes appear in sectioned fibroblasts, chondrogenic cells, nerve cells, and several types of epithelial cells. Thin filaments freshly isolated from chondrogenic cells also bind HMM and form arrowhead structures in negatively stained preparations. HMM-filament complexes are prominent in the cortex of a variety of normal metaphase and Colcemid-arrested metaphase cells. There is no detectable binding of HMM with other cellular components such as microtubules, 100-A filaments, tonofilaments, membranes, nuclei, or collagen fibrils. The significance of HMM-filament binding is discussed in view of the finding that arrowhead complexes form in types of cells not usually thought to contain actin filaments.


Microspectrophotometry and the photoreceptor of Phycomyces I. By applying microspectrophotometry to the sporangiophore of Phycomyces blakesleeanus wild-type and the albino car-10(-) type II, absorption spectra were obtained for 1- to 5-day cultures. Spectra in the growing-zone of the wild-type during Stage IVb, taken from 0.1 to 3 mm below the base of the sporangium, show two distinctly different spectra: one is more characteristic of a carotene, the other of a flavin. Combined, these absorption spectra reproduce closely the action spectrum. For the albino car-10(-), which is deficient in carotenes, only the spectrum characteristic of lumichrome or a reduced flavin was found. A c-type cytochrome was isolated from both strains which, if coupled with a flavin, could permit a photoreversible oxidation-reduction system. Birefringent crystals were observed to be aligned in the growing zone in which the photoreceptor is believed to lie. Micro-spectrophotometry of these crystals shows absorption peaks similar to those of riboflavin crystals.


The relation between cilia and mitoses in the mouse adenohypophysis.


The use of acridine orange as a lysosomal marker in rat skeletal muscle.


Synthesis of a colchicine-binding protein during the HeLa cell life cycle.


Temporary attachment of electrons to azulene-h8 and azulene-d8.


Analogy in growth between late passage human embryonic and early passage human adult fibroblasts.


Thin-layer chromatographic determination of the beta-fluoroethyl ester of xenyl acetic acid (M 2060) in the technical product and in 2 percent liquid formulations.


Use of the acid dye technique for quantitation of pharmaceutical amines eluted from thin-layer chromatograms.


Detection of adulteration of butter fat (ghee) by the random rearrangement reaction and thin-layer chromatography.


New solvent systems for thin-layer chromatography of aflatoxins.


Chromatography of lysosomal enzymes on hydroxylapatite.


Analysis of thyroid proteins by means of micro disc electrophoresis.


Analysis of free phytosterols by gas chromatography using liquid phase OV-101.


Thin-layer chromatography of C19-steroid 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones on polyamide.


Rapid quantitation of delta-4-3-ketosteroids by thin-layer densitometry.


Partition data of cephalosporins determined by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography.


New thin-layer chromatographic solvent systems for separating steroid hormones.


Polyamide-silica gel thin-layer chromatography of food preservatives.


Valylprolylarginine: a ninhydrin negative tripeptide.


Polyamide-kieselguhr thin-layer chromatography of yellow food dyes.


Fractionation of cobra venom by electrofocusing.


The determination of some substituted urea herbicide residues in soil by electron-capture gas chromatography.


Melanotic lesions of the eye in August hooded rats induced by urethan or N-hydroxyurethan given during the neonatal period: a histopathological study.


Death and metastatic distribution of tumor cells in mice monitored with 125I-iododeoxy-uridine.


Altered immunity and cancer risk: a review of the problem and analysis of the cancer mortality experience of leprosy patients.


Ultrastructural cell patterns in human gastric carcinoma compared with non-neoplastic gastric mucosa--histogenetic analysis of carcinoma by mucin histochemistry.


Breast neoplasms in women treated with x rays for acute postpartum mastitis. A pilot study.


Thyroid cancer in Olmsted County 1935-1965.


Regulation of immunity toward allogeneic tumors in mice. I. Effect of antiserum fractions on tumor growth.


Distribution maps of esophageal cancer among Bantu in the Transkei.


Regulation of immunity toward allogeneic tumors in mice. II. Effect of antiserum and antiserum fractions on cellular and humoral response.


Spontaneous neoplastic transformation in vitro: ultrastructure of transformed cell strains and tumors produced by injection of cell strains.


Life expectancy of American men in relation to their smoking habits.


Transformation of rodent cells by adenovirus 19 and other group D adenoviruses.


Water flow through polymeric and nonaqueous liquid membranes.


Aortic valve replacement. Long-term results.


Biological factors affecting long-term results of valvular heterografts.


Neurological abnormalities following open-heart surgery.


Ebstein's anomaly. Further experience with definitive repair.


Metabolic comparison of a new pulsatile pump and a roller pump for cardiopulmonary bypass.


Total anomalous systemic venous drainage into the left atrium. Report of a case of successful surgical correction.


Severe, intermittent, mitral regurgitation in a Cross-Jones valve. Report of a case with angiocardiographic and hemodynamic observations.


Differential atrial arrhythmias in cardiac surgical patients.


Left ventricular-right atrial communication followingvalve replacement.


The hemodynamic consequences of the acute development of aortic valvular insufficiency in man.


Carcinoma of the esophagus.

Carcinoma of the esophagus.


Prevention of intravascular thrombosis by an artificial myocardial tunnel.


The unwanted patient.

The unwanted patient.


The Xga blood group and the sex ratio.

The Xga blood group and the sex ratio.


Histiocytic reticulosis. A review of 20 patients in the paediatric age range.


Auscultation of peripheral arteries.

Auscultation of peripheral arteries.


Employment of elderly general practitioners.


Ownership of x-ray films.

Ownership of x-ray films.


Undergraduate training in obstetrics.

Undergraduate training in obstetrics.


On visualizing one's own retina with the aid of a pocket torch.


Librium and valium.

Librium and valium.


Increased sensitivity of a plasma cell tumour to T.E.M. on conversion to the ascitic form: relationship to karyotype and cycle kinetics.


Attempt to increase the effect of regional chemotherapy in experimental tumours by procaine.


Enhancement of immune response by 1.6-dibromo-1.


Biochemistry of drugs 13. Substances with antineoplastic activity. XXX. Cancerostatic activity, absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of ethylester N--delta-(6-purinylthio)valeryl-glycine-35S-(butocine) in micel.


Some biological characteristics of the mouse ascitic tumour NK-Ly passaged in AB-Jena-Gat.-Ko. strain mice.


Ploidy studies in ovarian cancer during cytostatic treatment.


Intrathoracic struma.

Intrathoracic struma.


New incision in the dissection of the lymphatic system of the neck.


Time relations in the symptomatology of the pre-therapeutic period of cancer of the larynx.


Embolizing paraneoplastic endocarditis as first manifestation of an occult malignoma. (A case report).


Drug resistance study in a mixed nitrogen mustard-sensitive-resistant tumour.


Congenital heart disease in adults: diagnosis, prognosis and surgical indications.


Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis.

Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis.


Current views on mitral valve incompetence.


Aortic stenosis as an operable heart disease.


A clinical analysis of aortic incompetence.


Surgical aspects of coronary artery disease.


Diseases of the aortic root.

Diseases of the aortic root.


Forceps: trial and failed.

Forceps: trial and failed.


Respiratory distress in the newborn.

Respiratory distress in the newborn.


Geriatric gynecology.

Geriatric gynecology.


Those who wear glasses.

Those who wear glasses.


How I treat herpes zoster.

How I treat herpes zoster.


White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health, 1969.


Immunoglobulin analysis in clinical diagnosis. 2. Immunoelectrophoresis.


Obstruction of pulmonary airway.

Obstruction of pulmonary airway.


Left-to-right shunts in infancy and childhood.


The receptor site for a bacterial virus.


Acute respiratory failure.

Acute respiratory failure.


Metabolism of steroid estrogens in the hen. IV. Conversion in vivo of estradiol-17beta-6,7-3H, 17-disulfate to estradiol-17beta-6,7-3H-17-sulfate.


Biosynthesis of stigmasterol from sitosterol in Digitalis Lanata.


Acid catalysed rearrangements of some 5alpha-acetoxy steroids.


Steroid 21-hydroxylase activity by fibroblasts during the cell cycle.


Anti-androgenic activity of spironolactone.


A one-step synthesis of nicotine from cyclopropyl 3-pyridyl ketone.


Synthesis of 4-azahexahelicene (l) (benzo (c) phénanthro (l,2-f)quinoline).


Synthetic analogues of cryptosporiopsin: the action of hypochlorite on m-cresol.


An improvement in syntheses of mercaptans. VIA-Thiolesters.


Photocyclization of the N-benzoylenamines of alpha-tetralone to benzo(c) phenanthridines.


14C-tracer studies in the benzilic acid type rearrangement of 1-phenyl- and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-pyridyl) glyoxal.


Two observations on a model of the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen 3.


Isolation and structure of isocalamendiol.


The process of infection with coliphage T7. I. Characterization of T7 RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis.


Molecular weight of DNA from coliphage T7 by electron microscopy.


Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication. XV. Transcription of the adenovirus type II genome during productive infection.


Increase of tobacco mosaic virus multiplication and lesion size in hypersensitive hosts in the presence of chloramphenicol 1-3.


RNA synthesis in tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus.


Factors affecting the assembly of some spherical viruses.


Infection of bean root- meristems by tobacco ringspot virus.


In vitro polymerization of bacteriophage lambda tails.


Curing of lambda cryptic and lambda cryptic double lysogens.


An incubator useful for culturing Olpidium brassicae for transmission of plant viruses.


Aphids may not acquire and transmit stylet-borne viruses while probing intercellularly.


The inner structure of Uukuniemi and two Bunyamwera supergroup arboviruses.


The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus in plastids of etiolated tobacco leaves.


Hemagglutination with cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.


Studies of novel transducing variants of lambda: dispensability of genes N and Q.


Differential effect of Actinomycin D on plant-virus multiplication.


Experimental vascular homografting with lyophilized dura mater.


Comparative anatomical investigations on the heterotransplantation of the aortic valve.


Late results of renal operations from Lurz's approach.


Oral prophylaxis pellet: a stable stannous fluoride preparation.


Effect of changes in total peripheral resistance on body temperature in the dog.


Pathophysiology of the distal portion of the optic nerve. 3. Effect of intraocular pressure on optic nerve discharge.


Estimation of width of angle of anterior chamber. Incidence and significance of the narrow angle.


Damage to anterior-loop fibers of optic chiasm.


Optic nerve sheath decompression for relief of chronic monocular choked disc.


Influence of topical corticosteroids on intraocular pressure in Africans.


Postcyclodialysis hypotony.

Postcyclodialysis hypotony.


Dimensions of the apparent pupil when viewed at oblique angles.


Tissue adhesive for repair of conjunctival buttonhole in glaucoma surgery.


Potentiation of Candida albicans keratitis by antilymphocyte serum and corticosteroids.


Ocular casualties in the six-day war.

Ocular casualties in the six-day war.


Evaluation of an adhesive in cataract wound closure.


Strabismus and insertion of horizontal rectus muscles.


Physiological position of rest and phoria.


Cysticercus cellulosae causing subconjunctival abscess.


Surgical irradication of nevi of eyelid margin.


Orbital fracture repair with methylmethacrylate implants.


Mycosis fungoides involving the caruncle.


Prevention of stress-induced cardiac necrosis by amiloride.


The venoconstrictive property of adrenaline and bradykinin and their tachyphylaxis in isolated rabbit saphenous veins.


Lymph vessels of the liver in man. Microscopic morphology and histotopography.


Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier in lymphostatic encephalopathy.


Instant prostheses.

Instant prostheses.


I. The hematological complications of commonly prescribed drugs.


The professional direction of pharmacy.

The professional direction of pharmacy.


The chemical identity of "hog"--a "new" hallucinogen.


Does pharmacy face an educational crisis?


Clindamycin in the treatment of pyoderma.


CARE-Medico in the Dominican Republic.

CARE-Medico in the Dominican Republic.


Recurrent strokes due to occlusive disease of extracranial vessels.


Circulatory adequacy attendant upon carotid artery occlusion.


Role of calcium in myasthenia gravis.

Role of calcium in myasthenia gravis.


Tick paralysis without muscle weakness.

Tick paralysis without muscle weakness.


Subnormal body temperatures in Wernicke's encephalopathy.


Thirty-nine years of pharmaceutical research.


Effects of diuretics and steroids on CSF pressure. A comparative study.


Electrolytes, fluids, and energy metabolism in human cerebral edema.


Sexual behavior and temporal lobe epilepsy.


Brain swelling caused by trauma and arterial hypertension. Hemodynamic aspects.


Studies of corpora amylacea. I. Isolation and preliminary characterization by chemical and histochemical techniques.


The projection of the auditory cortex upon the diencephalon and brain stem in the cat.


Retrograde transsynaptic cellular degeneration in mammillary and ventral tegmental nuclei following limbic decortication in rabbits of various ages.


Proteinase activity of myelin.

Proteinase activity of myelin.


Postreinforcement electrocortical synchronization and enhancement of cortical photic evoked potentials during instrumentally conditioned appetitive behavior in the cat.


Quantified unit background activity in the waking cat during paralysis, anesthesia and cochlear destruction.


Tone response patterns of the auditory nuclei during normal wakefulness, paralysis, and anesthesia.


The autocorrelation and frequency analysis of the EEG compared with GSR at different levels of activation.


Protein and N-acetylneuraminic acid changes in subcellular fractions of brains of stimulated rats.


Conversion of adenine to guanine and cytosine to uracil by chick embryo sensory ganglia in tissue culture.


Deficient transport mechanism for the removal of acid monoamine metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid.


The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on behavior in rats: relation to brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.


Antagonism by LSD to effects of 5-HT on single neurones.


Heterotopic cerebellar granule cells following administration of cyclophosphamide to suckling rats.


The distribution of Marchi granules in thalamic degeneration.


Synaptic convergence of cerebellar and lenticular projections to thalamus.


Vesicle shape versus type of synapse in the nerve endings of the cat medial superior olive.


Visual receptive fields of neurons in pulvinar, nucleus lateralis posterior and nucleus suprageniculatus thalami of the cat.


Cortical influence on the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat.


Scanning electron microscopy of vertebrate visual receptors.


Projections of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the albino rat.


Characterization and interaction of taste responses in chorda tympani fibers of the cat.


Intracellular potentials recorded from a tonically active mammalian sympathetic ganglion.


Intracellular recording of antidromic responses from abducens motoneurons in the cat.


Postsynaptic potentials in abducens motoneurons induced by vestibular stimulation.


Electrical impedance of brain surfaces.

Electrical impedance of brain surfaces.


Electrocortical activity following cholinergic stimulation of the caudate nucleus in the cat.


Hyperthermia in midpontine lesioned cats.


On the existence of Renshaw cells.

On the existence of Renshaw cells.


Intestinal absorption of calcium-47 and strontium-85 in lactating rats.


Pyrogen testing of biologicals and small volume parenterals.


A microscopic method for determining bone crystal solubility.


Electron microscopical and microprobe observations on the cell sheath of stimulated osteocytes.


Applications for the multichannel particle size analyzer.


A zonal analysis of inorganic and organic constituents of the epiphysis during endochondral calcification.


Effects of intravenous vitamin D on bone and phosphate metabolism in osteomalacia.


Residual effects of ethylene oxide sterilization.


Nursing education and service cannot be separated.


Ionic interaction with bone mineral. V. Effect of Mg2+, Citrate3-, F- and SO4 negative 2 ion on the solubility, dissolution and growth of bone mineral.