Patterns of colonic disorders in Iran.

Patterns of colonic disorders in Iran.


Hemifacial hypertrophy. Report of three cases.


IgE concentrations in children with atopic diseases. A clinical study.


The excretion of histamine and histamine metabolites by the kidney and gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit.


Biological effects of pokeweed mitogen.

Biological effects of pokeweed mitogen.


Unusual applications of hypnosis in anesthesiology.


The speech of the subject under hypnosis.


The effects of sensory restriction on susceptibility to hypnosis: a hypothesis, some preliminary data, and theoretical speculation.


Amnesia and hypnosis.

Amnesia and hypnosis.


Relatedness and waking suggestibility.

Relatedness and waking suggestibility.


Hypnotic susceptibility as a function of the prestige of the hypnotist.


The sensitized photolysis of a bicyclic azo compound in solution.


Ultrastructural studies on the yeastlike and mycelial phases of Sporotrichum schenckii. Fine details of the internal and external morphology of the yeastlike and mycelial phases of the dimorphic fungal pathogen Sporotrichum schenckii as seen in ultrathin sections are described and illustrated by electronphotomicrography. Comparisons of yeastlike phase ultrastructure were made using two different methods of fixation and embedding. The internal morphology of the two forms of yeastlike S. schenckii was in many ways similar to that of similarly dimorphic fungi and yeasts studied by other authors. However, the use of the glutaraldehyde-osmium in agar fixation technique suggests the presence of an electron transparent capsular or slime layer with associated electron dense microfibrils to be present external to the cell wall of the yeastlike phase but not the mycelial phase. Mycelial phase S. schenckii was found to contain many of the internal microstructures reported for other filamentous dimorphic fungi. Conidia production in agitated liquid culture was found to be restricted since only rare sessile conidia were observed.


Regulation of biotin transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The metabolic control of biotin transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Nonproliferating cells harvested from cultures grown in excess biotin (25 ng/ml) took up small amounts of biotin, whereas cells grown in biotin-sufficient medium (0.25 ng/ml) accumulated large amounts of the vitamin. Transport was inhibited maximally in cells grown in medium containing 9 ng (or more) of biotin per ml. When avidin was added to biotin-excess cultures, the cells developed the ability to take up large amounts of biotin. Boiled avidin was without effect, as was treatment of cells with avidin in buffer. Avidin did not relieve transport inhibition when added to biotin-excess cultures treated with cycloheximide, suggesting that protein synthesis was required for cells to develop the capacity to take up biotin after removal of extracellular vitamin by avidin. Cycloheximide did not inhibit the activity of the preformed transport system in biotin-sufficient cells. The presence of high intracellular free biotin pools did not inhibit the activity of the transport system. The characteristics of transport in biotin-excess cells (absence of temperature or pH dependence, no stimulation by glucose, absence of iodoacetate inhibition, independence of uptake on cell concentration, and nonsaturation kinetics) indicated that biotin entered these cells by diffusion. The results suggest that the synthesis of the biotin transport system in S. cerevisiae may be repressed during growth in medium containing high concentrations of biotin.


Characterization of the biotin transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The characteristics of the biotin transport mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated in nonproliferating cells. Microbiological and radioisotope assays were employed to measure biotin uptake. The vitamin existed intracellularly in both free and bound forms. Free biotin was extracted by boiling water. Chromatography of the free extract showed it to consist entirely of d-biotin. Cellular bound biotin was released by treating cells with 6 n H(2)SO(4). The rate of biotin uptake was linear with time for 10 min, reaching a maximum at about 20 min followed by a gradual loss of accumulated free vitamin from the cells. Biotin was not degraded or converted to vitamers during uptake. Transport was temperature- and pH-dependent, optimum conditions for uptake being 30 C and pH 4.0. Glucose markedly stimulated biotin transport. In its presence, large intracellular free-biotin concentration gradients were established. Iodoacetate inhibited the glucose stimulation of biotin uptake. The rate of vitamin transport increased in a linear fashion with increasing cell mass. The transport system was saturated with increasing concentrations of the vitamin. The apparent K(m) for uptake was 3.23 x 10(-7)m. Uptake of radioactive biotin was inhibited by unlabeled biotin and a number of analogues including homobiotin, desthiobiotin, oxybiotin, norbiotin, and biotin sulfone. Proline, hydroxyproline, and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid did not inhibit uptake. Unlabeled biotin and desthiobiotin exchanged with accumulated intracellular (14)C-biotin, whereas hydroxyproline did not.


Formation of vitamin K2 isoprenologues by Staphylococcus aureus. In Staphylococcus aureus, vitamin K(2) isoprenologues can be labeled with (14)C-acetate, mevalonate, glycerol, alpha-naphthol, and menadione. All the radioactivity from alpha-naphthol is in the ring nucleus. Eighty-six per cent of the radioactivity from mevalonate is in the side chain. The labeled isoprenologues of vitamin K(2) can be separated and recovered quantitatively. The rates of incorporation and turnover after pulse-chase experiments indicate that the isoprenologues do not lose radioactivity once they are formed. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into the ring nucleus of each isoprenologue are the same. The alkylation of the ring does not involve a simple sequential addition of isoprenoid units of the same specific activity. The incorporation of mevalonate shows that shorter side chain isoprenologues have a higher specific activity per five carbon unit than the longer side chain isoprenologues. Perhaps the alkyl precursors are from different pools since the kinetics of incorporation into all isoprenologues are different.


Role of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in ribonucleic acid synthesis and enzyme repression in yeast. Temperature-sensitive mutations in the isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase of yeast, ilS(-)1-1 and ilS(-)1-2, were used to examine the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes in the regulation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis and enzyme synthesis in a eucaryotic organism. At the permissive temperature, 70 to 100% of the intracellular isoleucyl-tRNA was charged in mutants carrying these mutations; at growth-limiting temperatures, less than 10% was charged with isoleucine. Other aminoacyl-tRNA molecules remained essentially fully charged under both conditions. Net protein and RNA syntheses were rapidly inhibited when the mutant was shifted from the permissive to the restrictive temperature. Most of the ribosomes remained in polyribosome structures at the restrictive temperature even though protein synthesis was strongly inhibited. Two of the enzymes of isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine deaminase and acetohydroxyacid synthetase, were derepressed about twofold during slow growth of the mutants at a growth-limiting temperature. This is about the same degree of derepression that is achieved by growth of an auxotroph on limiting isoleucine. We conclude that charged aminoacyl-tRNA is essential for RNA synthesis and for the multivalent repression of the isoleucine biosynthetic enzymes. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzymes appear to play important regulatory roles in the cell physiology of eucaryotic organisms.


Metabolism of phloridzin by Erwinia herbicola: nature of the degradation products, and the purification and properties of phloretin hydrolase. Erwinia herbicola Y46 degrades phloridzin to yield phloretin, phloroglucinol, and phloretic acid, when grown on defined medium containing phloridzin as the sole source of carbon. The identities of the intermediates isolated from culture filtrates were established by co-chromatography and by ultraviolet absorption spectra. Only 3 of 11 strains of this species, and none of the 12 species of bacterial phytopathogens tested could effect this breakdown. Some of the latter organisms possessed beta-glucosidase activity which liberated d-glucose from phloridzin. The enzyme phloretin hydrolase was purified from cells of E. herbicola Y46 grown on Yeast Beef Broth, by treatment of crude extracts with protamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, elution from calcium phosphate gel, elution from diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and concentration by ultrafiltration. The final preparation was free of beta-glucosidase, had a specific activity of 213 units per mg of protein, and represented a 142-fold purification over the crude extract. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.7 to 6.8, and produced only phloroglucinol and phloretic acid as products of phloretin breakdown, there being an equimolar relationship between the cleavage of phloretin and the formation of the products. The Michaelis constant (K(m)) for the enzyme with phloretin as substrate was 3.8 x 10(-5)m, and the enzyme was sensitive to Hg(2+) and Cu(2+) ions. Phloroglucinol, phloretic acid, p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide were without effect on the activity. The enzyme did not react with phloridzin, naringin, or naringenin. The physiological significance of the results is discussed.


Adsorption of 3H-fatty acid esters of streptococcal groups A and E cell wall polysaccharide antigens by red blood cells and their effect on hemagglutination. The streptococcal group A and E cell wall polysaccharide (PS) antigens were esterified under identical conditions with four fatty acid chlorides (lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, and stearoyl), varying from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. With group A PS, it was shown that the four resulting esters varied in their ability to sensitize red blood cells (RBC) to agglutination in the presence of specific antiserum. The most active was palmitoyl (16C) followed by myristoyl (14C). The least active was the lauroyl ester (12C). One-tenth as much palmitoyl ester was required as stearoyl group A PS ester. Such variation in the ability to sensitize RBC was not demonstrated with the group E esters, with the exception of the lauroyl ester which was the least active. Removal of N-acetylglucosamine from the esterified and the nonesterified group A PS by enzyme action resulted in a significant loss of serological activity of both antigens. No appreciable difference in the rate or total loss of activity was found in either case. It was demonstrated that both tritium-labeled stearic and palmitic acids and their respective PS esters were adsorbed in significant amounts to RBC. The results indicate that the esterified antigens were adsorbed to the RBC because of the presence of the fatty acid in the PS ester. Attempts to block the receptor sites on the red cell by presensitizing the cells with fatty acid were negative. Likewise, the adsorbed ester did not prevent the uptake of fatty acid at the levels tested. Tritium-labeled esterified group A PS and group E PS were used to show that the amount of antigen required to produce maximal agglutination was the same when cells from the same individual were used, whereas this was not the case when cells from different individuals were used. The amount of antigen required to produce maximal agglutination varied from one batch of sheep RBC to another. Once the optimal concentration of antigen was reached, any additional adsorption did not increase the titer of agglutination.


Methyl-deficient transfer ribonucleic acid and macromolecular synthesis in methionine-starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Haploid methionine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae continue to multiply for several hours after withdrawal of a required amino acid from the medium. Macro-molecular synthesis continues during this period of residual growth, although the net ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein content is constant during the later part of this period. In this study, growth after withdrawal of methionine was in some cases accompanied by accumulation of transfer RNA (tRNA), which was shown by methylation in vitro to be deficient in methyl groups. This phenomenon was shown by only four of nine methionine auxotrophs tested, but no evidence could be found that these four strains had "relaxed" control of RNA synthesis. The nine methionine-requiring strains represent mutations in five different positions in the methionine biosynthesis pathway, and only mutants blocked at two of these five positions accumulated methyl-deficient tRNA. This accumulation therefore appears to be correlated with the position of the strain's block in the pathway of methionine biosynthesis.


Control of synthesis of malate dehydrogenase in Aerobacter aerogenes. An inverse linear relationship was observed between the levels of l-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and growth rates of Aerobacter aerogenes when grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on various substrates which served as the sole carbon and energy sources. Deviations from this linearity were found. MDH levels of cells grown aerobically on oxalacetate, l-malate, d-mannose and d-galactose, and of cells grown anaerobically on l-malate and d-mannose were higher than those expected according to this relationship. Enzyme levels of cells grown aerobically on maltose, d-glucuronate, pyruvate, and possibly melibiose and sucrose were lower than the expected ones. Experiments in which the cells were grown on a mixture of two substrates showed that substrates which gave low levels of MDH repressed the synthesis of this enzyme even in the presence of l-malate or other "high-level substrates." Repressed levels were also observed when the mixture contained l-malate together with "intermediate" or high-level substrates. Identical MDH patterns were obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis for all the enzymatic preparations.


Mutants of yeast with altered oxidative energy metabolism: selection and genetic characterization. Isolation of a series of mutants, characterized by decreased ability to utilize nonfermentable carbon sources for growth and presence of all cytochromes, is reported. A total of 161 mutants, showing deficient growth on glycerol but able to reduce 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, were isolated, purified, and characterized by ability to grow on various carbon sources. Mutants showing decreased growth were examined by low-temperature spectroscopy, and the 35 strains shown to possess all cytochromes were retained for further studies. These strains were characterized by growth on various nonfermentable carbon sources, relative yield on glucose medium, and respiration (Q(O2)) of glucose and ethyl alcohol. Genetic studies revealed that at least 19 of the 35 mutants are the result of mutation in single nuclear genes. Furthermore, at least 11 complementation groups are represented among these 19 mutants. Mutants within two complementation groups were shown to be very similar in various properties. These studies demonstrate that a large number of nuclear genes control oxidative energy metabolism and that the characteristics of mutants of the general class are extremely diverse.


Influence of methionine pool composition on the formation of methyl-deficient transfer ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methionine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae continue to synthesize ribonucleic acid (RNA) after methionine withdrawal. The newly synthesized transfer RNA (tRNA) is methyl-deficient in some strains, but not in all. Whether such tRNA will accumulate depends on the position of the block in the methionine pathway that is carried by the mutant strain. Free methionine rapidly decreases in the intracellular pool of all strains after its removal from the medium. Certain metabolites derived from methionine are removed from the pool relatively slowly after methionine withdrawal. Notable among these is S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is depleted less rapidly from those strains that accumulate methyl-deficient tRNA than from others. S-adenosylhomocysteine is a potent inhibitor of tRNA-methylating enzymes in vitro.


Methyl-deficient transfer ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methyl-deficient transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is found in certain methionine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during logarithmic growth (at one generation time before the late growth phase) and during residual growth in the absence of exogenous methionine. The former effect seems to be accounted for by the general increase in RNA synthesis that occurs at the time; there is no specific synthesis of tRNA in the absence of ribosomal RNA synthesis, nor is the methyl group deficiency limited to a single tRNA species. During methionine starvation, all species of tRNA are methyl-deficient, but this occurs only in strains with certain blocks in the methionine pathway. The kinetics of disappearance of the methyl group donor, S-adenosylmethionine, during starvation of D73 (which accumulates methyl-deficient tRNA), do not differ from other strains, but D73 loses the methylase inhibitor, S-adenosylhomocysteine, much more slowly.


Control of dimorphism in a biochemical variant of Candida albicans. The cellular morphology of a biochemical variant of Candida albicans could be controlled by the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen in the culture system or by individual amino acids. Predominantly pseudohyphal morphology was observed (i) at a CO(2) to O(2) ratio of 2:1 and (ii) without the addition of carbon dioxide, when either glycine, d- or l-ornithine, l-serine, l-methionine, l-phenylalanine, or l-tyrosine was the sole nitrogen source in the culture medium. When ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, l-glutamic acid, l-glutamine, or l-proline was the nitrogen source, yeastlike growth was observed in the presence or absence of CO(2). More adenosylmethionine was present in pseudohyphal than in yeastlike cells, and pseudohyphal cell wall preparations contained less methionine than cell walls from the yeastlike form. These results suggest a correlation between sulfur amino acid metabolism and dimorphism.


Alpha-hydroxyglutarate oxidoreductase of Pseudomonas putida. Oxidation of d-alpha-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by d-alpha-hydroxyglutarate oxidoreductase, an inducible membrane-bound enzyme of the electron transport particle [ETP; a comminuted cytoplasmic membrane preparation with enzymic properties and chemical composition resembling beef heart mitochondrial ETP (1)] of Pseudomonas putida P2 (P2-ETP). Treatment of P2-ETP with a nonionic detergent yields a preparation with the sedimentation characteristics of a soluble enzyme, but which retains an intact electron transport chain. Oxygen acts solely as a terminal electron acceptor and may be replaced by ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, or mammalian cytochrome c. The oxidoreductase is specific for the d-isomer (K(m) = 4.0 x 10(-4)m for dl-alpha-hydroxyglutarate) and is distinct both from l- and d-malate dehydrogenases. Spectral studies suggest that the carrier sequence is substrate --> flavine or nonheme iron --> cyt b --> [cyt c] --> oxygen.


Immunity to staphylococcal infection in mice: effect of living versus killed vaccine, role of circulating antibody, and induction of protection-inducing antigen(s) in vitro. Mice immunized by sublethal doses of living Staphylococcus aureus strains other than the Smith diffuse strain were significantly more resistant to challenge with the Smith diffuse strain than animals immunized with heat-killed organisms. The increased resistance observed was shown, by appropriate passive protection experiments with immune mouse sera, to be due to circulating antibody, probably of the IgM class. In addition, it was observed that strains of S. aureus other than the Smith diffuse strain, when cultured in a modified Staphylococcus 110 broth but not in Brain Heart Infusion, were capable of absorbing protective antibody from hyperimmune rabbit antiserum.


Purification and properties of staphylococcal beta hemolysin. II. Purification of beta hemolysin. Staphylococcal beta hemolysin from the 681 strain of Staphylococcus aureus grown in a Heart Infusion dialysate semisolid medium under 10% carbon dioxide was obtained in an immunoelectrophoretically pure form by a combination of procedures of precipitation with 2 volumes of acetone followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose at pH 6.0. The acetone precipitation procedure did not show any deleterious effect on the hemolytic activity of the beta hemolysin unless the precipitate was left in contact with the acetone for at least 4 hr. The crude preparations contained two types of beta hemolysin. One of these represented the major portion of the total activity of beta hemolysin and behaved as a cation. The other represented a minor (1/5,000) portion of the total beta hemolysin activity and behaved as an anion. These active principles were designated as cationic and anionic beta hemolysins, respectively. An unexpected increase in the total beta hemolysin activity of the crude preparations was noted when these were concentrated by dialysis against polyethylene glycol (20 m). This effect was probably due to polyethylene glycol. A further unexpected increase in the titer of the acetone-precipitated preparations occurred when these were lyophilized. The reason for this incremental increase is not known. It may be due to fragmentation of the beta hemolysin.


Extracellular deoxyribonuclease production by yeasts. A total of 20 genera of yeasts and yeastlike organisms were tested for their ability to produce an extracellular deoxyribonuclease. Results indicate that ability to produce the enzyme appears to be a specific characteristic of the three genera Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, and Tremella. A single strain of Endomycopsis fibuligera was also shown to be positive for the enzyme. In comparing the ability of the organisms to excrete extracellular deoxyribonuclease with their ability to produce urease, a surprisingly close correlation was found. With the exception of Lipomyces starkeyi, all the organisms which were deoxyribonuclease-negative were also urease-negative. Of those organisms which were deoxyribonuclease-positive, only E. fibuligera was urease-negative. The ability of cryptococci to produce extracellular deoxyribonuclease is discussed in relation to the implication which this finding may have for the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus.


Bacterial interference with L-forms.

Bacterial interference with L-forms. During the course of studying the effect of normal nasal flora on the growth of L-forms, a clear zone of inhibition was observed around colonies of many coagulase-negative staphylococci. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus and some S. albus strains produce a substance which is capable of markedly inhibiting the growth of stable staphylococcal and streptococcal L-forms. This interfering substance is separable from the staphylococcal organism and is diffusible through 1.5% agar, but not through a dialysis membrane. It is heat-stable.


Mutant of yeast sensitive to 2,6-diaminopurine. A mutant of yeast sensitive to growth inhibition by 2,6-diaminopurine (2,6-DAP) was analyzed genetically and found to be a double mutant. One gene, dap, conferred approximately 30% sensitivity to the analogue. The other, slw, potentiated the inhibition such that the double mutant dap slw was inhibited 90%. The mutation dap conferred concomitant sensitivity to a number of other purine analogues. The activity of a purine phosphoribosyltransferase with 2,6-DAP in a strain carrying dap was found to be three times higher than in the wild type. It is inferred that the mutation alters the properties of a purine phosphoribosyltransferase. A possible mechanism for the effect of slw is also discussed.


Lipid synthesis by isolated Chlamydia psittaci. The isolated cells of the host-dependent meningopneumonitis agent, Chlamydia psittaci, were shown to incorporate radioactive carbon from aspartate, isoleucine, and glucose-6-phosphate into cell lipids. The nature of this incorporation was investigated. Radioactivity was found only in the fatty acids and primarily in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and, to a lesser extent, in the phosphatidyl choline fractions. Branched-chain fatty acids, not found in host lipid, were shown to constitute a large proportion of the fatty acid content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The reasons why only fatty acid synthesis took place under the conditions of our experiments with isolated meningopneumonitis agent cells remain obscure.


Regulation of protein synthesis in zoospores of Blastocladiella. The factors responsible for the regulation of protein synthesis in the zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii were studied by means of cell fractionation and in vitro assays. Charged transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were found both inside the membrane-bound, ribosomal nuclear cap, and in the extracap cytoplasm. Ribosomes isolated from zoospore nuclear caps in low salt buffer failed to support polyuridylic acid-dependent phenylalanine incorporation. After washing with high salt buffer, the cap ribosomes were equivalent in activity to similarly prepared plant ribosomes. Both the high-salt wash from cap ribosomes and the extracap supernatant fraction contained an unidentified material which inhibited aminoacyl-tRNA binding and peptide bond formation by ribosomes. Ribosomal binding of polyuridylic acid was not inhibited. Washed cap ribosomes supported very low incorporation rates without added messenger RNA, and were highly dependent upon added poly U for phenylalanine incorporation, indicating a low level of messenger in nuclear caps. It is concluded that enclosure of the ribosomes in the nuclear cap does not in itself prevent protein synthesis, and that the lack of activity may be due to the presence of a ribosome inhibitor.


Regulation of the potassium to sodium ratio and of the osmotic potential in relation to salt tolerance in yeasts. By using the isotope pairs (22)Na-(24)Na and (42)K-(86)Rb, the uptake and retention of Na and K was studied in the salt-tolerant Debaryomyces hansenii and in the less tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae at NaCl levels of 4 mm and 0.68, 1.35, and 2.7 m in the medium. The ratio of K to Na is much higher in the cells than in the media, and higher in D. hansenii than in S. cerevisiae under comparable conditions. The difference between the two species is due to a better Na extrusion and a better uptake of K in D. hansenii. The kinetics of ion transport show that at about the time when extrusion of Na could be demonstrated in D. hansenii, K-Rb previously lost to an easily washable compartment of the cells was reabsorbed in both organisms. More H(+) was given off from S. cerevisiae than from D. hansenii in the course of these events. The findings fit the working hypothesis tested, which regards salt tolerance as partly dependent on the ability to mobilize energy to extrude Na from the cells and to take up K. The volume changes in S. cerevisiae are greater and are more slowly overcome than those in D. hansenii. The total salt level of the cells is not sufficient to counteract the osmotic potential of the medium, so that additional osmoregulatory mechanisms must be involved in determining halotolerance.


Phenol and benzoate metabolism by Pseudomonas putida: regulation of tangential pathways. Catechol occurs as an intermediate in the metabolism of both benzoate and phenol by strains of Pseudomonas putida. During growth at the expense of benzoate, catechol is cleaved ortho (1,2-oxygenase) and metabolized via the beta-ketoadipate pathway; during growth at the expense of phenol or cresols, the catechol or substituted catechols formed are metabolized by a separate pathway following meta (2,3-oxygenase) cleavage of the aromatic ring of catechol. It is possible to explain the mutually exclusive occurrence of the meta and ortho pathway enzymes in phenol- and benzoate-grown cells of P. putida on the basis of differences in the mode of regulation of these two pathways. By use of both nonmetabolizable inducers and blocked mutants, gratuitous synthesis of some of the meta pathway enzymes was obtained. All four enzymes of the meta pathway are induced by the primary substrate, cresol or phenol, or its analogue. Three enzymes of the ortho pathway that catalyze the conversion of catechol to beta-ketoadipate enol-lactone are induced by cis,cis-muconate, produced from catechol by 1,2-oxygenase-mediated cleavage. Observations on the differences in specificity of induction and function of the two pathways suggest that they are not really either tangential or redundant. The meta pathway serves as a general mechanism for catabolism of various alkyl derivatives of catechol derived from substituted phenolic compounds. The ortho pathway is more specific and serves primarily in the catabolism of precursors of catechol and catechol itself.


Properties of threonine deaminase from a bacterium able to use threonine as sole source of carbon. A threonine deaminase susceptible to inhibition by isoleucine was purified over 3,000-fold from extracts of Pseudomonas multivorans, a bacterium able to use threonine or alpha-ketobutyrate as sole source of carbon and energy. The enzyme was characterized with respect to molecular weight, dissociation to subunits, and apparent affinities for threonine, isoleucine, and several other ligands. Certain features of the enzyme including its reversible dissociation to subunits, its high constitutive activity, its marked stability, and high apparent orders of binding for threonine and isoleucine were unusual compared to those of isoleucine-inhibitable enzymes from other bacteria. These findings suggested some relationship between properties of the enzyme and the ability of P. multivorans to use threonine as sole carbon source. However, mutant studies ruled out a direct role of the enzyme in threonine catabolism and indicated that another enzyme, threonine dehydrogenase, is essential for growth on threonine.


Reductive pentose cycle and formate assimilation in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Rhodopseudomonas palustris assimilated formate autotrophically as carbon dioxide and hydrogen arising from the activity of the formic hydrogenlyase system. Kinetic analyses of cell suspensions pulse-labeled with (14)C-formate or (14)C-bicarbonate showed similar distributions of incorporated radioactivity. In both cases phosphate esters were the first assimilation products. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, phosphoribose isomerase, and phosphoribulokinase, characteristic enzymes of the reductive pentose cycle, were present in extracts of cells grown on formate.


Synthetic studies of structure-function relationships in staphylococcal nuclease. Synthetic analogues of fragment P2.


Spore fine structure in Clostridium cochlearium. The fine structure of Clostridium cochlearium was examined by use of thin sections, negative stains, and carbon replicas. Particular attention was given to details of the sporulation process and to fine structure of the spores. Spore coat formation was well advanced before the first evidence of cortex formation was noted. Three distinct spore coats were detected, the outermost of which was composed of seven layers. In addition, the spores possessed tubular appendages of variable length attached to one end of the spore. These differed in a number of respects from those described for other clostridia.


Basis for the mutational acquisition of the ability of Aerobacter aerogenes to grow on L-mannose. Growth of Aerobacter aerogenes PRL-R3 on the unnatural hexose l-mannose as a sole carbon source is dependent upon the selection of a mutant. Growth of the mutant on l-mannose did not require the synthesis of novel enzymes for the degradation of l-mannose, since enzymes of the l-rhamnose degradative pathway could serve this function. However, unlike most other apparent gain mutations that have been described, the mutant was not constitutive for the degradative enzymes; isomerase, kinase, and aldolase activities functional in the degradation of both l-mannose and l-rhamnose were induced by either of these hexoses in the wild type as well as in the mutant. The fact that the wild type could metabolize l-mannose also ruled out the possibility that the cells were not permeable to l-mannose. Growth of the wild type on nutrient broth was severely inhibited by l-mannose coincident with the onset of l-mannose metabolism. A similar inhibition of growth of the mutant was overcome in about 2 hr. Both strains utilized l-rhamnose and l-mannose sequentially in a mineral medium containing both of these hexoses; at the onset of l-mannose metabolism, growth of the wild type, but not of the mutant, was inhibited. Thus, wild-type A. aerogenes cannot grow on l-mannose because of the toxicity of l-mannose or its metabolites. A mutation which overcomes the toxicity enables the organism to utilize l-mannose as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth.


Isolation and purification of an S-adenosylmethionine: delta 24-sterol methyltransferase from yeast.


Inactivation of alpha-chymotrypsin by a water-soluble carbodiimide.


Studies on the mechanism of action and the structure of the electrophilic center of histidine ammonia lyase.


Control of hepatic mitochondrial CO2 fixation by glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol.


Bovine heart malic dehydrogenases. 8. Subunit structure and molecular weight of the supernatant enzyme.


Effect of CO2 concentration on intracellular pH and on glycogen synthesis from glycerol and glucose in isolated perfused rat liver.


The tryptic glycopeptides of bovine thyrotropin. Their composition and similarities to those of luteinizing hormone.


Selective transfer of cyclopropane acids by acyl coenzyme A: phospholipid acyltransferases.


Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion in protein solutions. II. Transferrin.


Purification of aminoacyltransferase II(translocation factor) from rat liver.


Dehydroalanine in histidine ammonia lyase.


The molecular weights of bovine thrombin and its primary autolysis products.


Structural comparison of the hemoglobins of the genus Equus with those of ruminants.


Experiences with peritoneal dialysis in the management of renal failure.


Epiphyseal union at the wrist, knee and iliac crest in residents of Madhya Pradesh.


A socio-medical study of urban sterilised males in Lucknow. I. Socio-demographic data and pre-operative phase reactions. 337 married males in Lucknow, India who underwent vasectomy from March 1-June 30, 1965 were studied through interview.  The average ages of husbands and wives at time of vasectomy were 38.4 years and 32.6 years respectively.  57.5% of the husbands and 78.3% of the wives were illiterate or barely literate.  Monthly income were under Rupees (Rs.) 100(45.3%), Rs. 100 to 299 (37.1%), Rs. 300 to 499 (12.7%), and Rs. 500 or more (3.8%).  Numbers of children were 2 (4.1%), 3 (31.2%), 4-6 (52.2%), and more than 6 (12.2%).  2.5 was the average number of male children per couple.  The mean length of marriage at time of vasectomy was 16.3 years.  Reasons for undergoing vasectomy included limitation of family (45.3%), satisfication with present number of children (33.5%), finances (19.8%), present number of children excessive (11.8%), opportunity to earn incentive money of amount of  Rs. 10 (10.8%), dissatisfaction with convention contraceptives (9.8%), and bad health of wife (9.2%).  Illiterates and barely literates were mostly (51%) motivated by previously sterilized persons.  84.2% of the wives agreed with their husbands' decision to have a vasectomy.  31.7% of the men had previously used contraceptive measures; 35.9% of these had used the measures regularly.  56% of the men clearly supported male sterilization over female sterilization.  Common fears before vasectomy were impotency (57.1%) and fear of surgery (22.9%).


Cardiac emergencies.

Cardiac emergencies.


Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction with interesting blood count.


Evolution of saline infusions in the treatment of cholera.


Methods of epidemiological investigation.


Diesel smoke affecting haemograms.

Diesel smoke affecting haemograms.


Study of tuberculosis in Durgapur steel plant workers and their families.


The drug treatment of chronic heart block.


Otalgia and its diagnosis.

Otalgia and its diagnosis.


Adenoma of the duodenum.

Adenoma of the duodenum.


An unusual form of lepromatous leprosy.

An unusual form of lepromatous leprosy.


Industrial health.

Industrial health.


Need for whole blood--not fractionated plasma.


A case of cork-screw oesophagus.

A case of cork-screw oesophagus.


Recognition and management of hypokalemia.


Subglanular urethral fistula from infant circumcision.


Persistent problems in medical care.

Persistent problems in medical care.


Arteriographic assessment of viability of bowel after perforating abdominal injury.


Pacemaker electrocardiography. IV.

Pacemaker electrocardiography. IV.


Indiana Regional Medical Program.

Indiana Regional Medical Program.


Individual thinking and family interaction. IV. A study of information exchange in families of normals, those with character disorders, and schizophrenics.


The schizophrenic experience. A follow-up study of attitude and posthospital adjustment.


Feedback utilization styles of paranoid patients.


The stability of intellectual function in chronic schizophrenia.


Influence of distraction on the reproduction of spoken words by schizophrenics.


Dendrodentritic synaptic interactions in olfactory bulb.


Calculation of the membrane potential in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig's taenia coli by the Goldman equation. 1. The intracellular K(+), Cl(-) and Na(+) concentrations in the taenia coli cells of the guinea-pig have been estimated from the total ion content or the extrapolated intracellular tracer content, the sorbitol space and the dry wt./wet wt. ratio.2. The exchange of K(+), Cl(-) and Na(+) was studied by following the uptake and the efflux of these ions with radioactive isotopes. The following efflux values have been calculated: m(K), 4 p-mole.cm(-2).sec(-1); m(Cl), 8.4 p-mole.cm(-2).sec(-1) and m(Na), 7.2 p-mole.cm(-2).sec(-1). These flux values agree well with the influx values, obtained under the same experimental conditions.3. The slowness of diffusion in the extracellular space reduces the Na flux by about 2.5% and the K flux by about 30%. A correction factor of 1.3 has to be introduced to obtain the true K flux.4. The values for the permeability constants calculated by the constant field assumptions are for P(K), 11 x 10(-8) cm/sec; P(Cl), 6.7 x 10(-8) cm/sec and for P(Na), 1.8 x 10(-8) cm/sec. The introduction of these values and of the ion concentrations in the Goldman equation gives a resting potential of -37 mV.5. One of the possible explanations for the discrepancy between the measured resting potential and the calculated one, is that the resting potential of these smooth muscle cells is partly a diffusion potential and partly due to the operation of an electrogenic Na pump.


Transvascular fluid balance in the lung. 1. The transvascular fluid balance has been studied in isolated blood-perfused lungs of rabbit and cat. During periods of left atrial pressure (LAp) elevation, changes in preparation weight were measured. In some experiments simultaneous recordings of changes in blood volume, as judged by changes in emitted radioactivity from (51)Cr labelled red blood cells, were performed.2. In nine out of eleven experiments, elevation of LAp by 5 mm Hg within a test period of 8 min resulted in new weight stability and thus apparently in the establishment of a new transvascular fluid equilibrium. In five of these eleven experiments weight stability was also obtained on elevation of LAp by 10 mm Hg. When LAp was elevated further, transvascular fluid equilibrium was not obtained, and a continuous and eventually progressive outward flux of fluid occurred.3. In a preparation with the vasculature paralysed by papaverine in order to avoid vasomotor reactions, changes in plasma protein content caused immediate alterations in the weight slopes of the preparations. These alterations were interpreted as being due to changes in transvascular fluid transfer. Again new stable weights were obtained on moderate changes in plasma protein content.4. New weight and transvascular fluid equilibria seemed to be reached as a result of very small transvascular fluxes of fluid. The transvascular fluid balance in the lung may thus be dynamically maintained as a result of such small fluxes of fluid. The Starling hypothesis could account for this balance, provided that a small shift of fluid can cause sufficiently marked alterations in the osmotic and/or hydrostatic pressure gradient across the wall of the exchange vessels.5. The possible role of a small extravascular compartment with a high fluid colloid osmotic pressure is discussed in relation to transvascular fluid balance in the lung.


The effect of prolonged cold exposure on heat production in new-born rabbits. 1. The rates of oxygen consumption and the colonic temperatures were monitored from birth in rabbits delivered by Caesarean section at term. The rates of oxygen consumption at 25 and 36 degrees C rose over the first 12 hr of life.2. Thirty rabbits were kept unfed in an environment of 25 degrees C from birth. Extra oxygen consumption, in response to cold exposure, failed 24-34 hr later. Twenty-four of these rabbits were allowed to recover in an environment of 36 degrees C. The metabolic response to cold exposure did not return in those kept unfed or given glucose but those fed with rabbit's milk showed significant recovery when re-exposed to cold 4 or 18 hr later.3. The tissue glyceride content of brown and white adipose tissue and the liver were greatly reduced once the animals failed to respond to cold exposure and no significant rise was detected during the recovery period after a milk feed.4. Another twelve rabbits were kept unfed in an environment of 36 degrees C. These animals showed a poor metabolic response to cold exposure after 48 hr, although their brown adipose tissue was still replete with fat and the blood glucose rose to normal values during cold exposure.5. These results suggest that an increase in oxygen consumption in response to cold exposure can occur even though brown adipose tissue is largely depleted of glyceride provided that an alternative supply of fuel is available. Glucose alone is not an adequate source of energy.


The activities and concentrations of sodium and potassium in toad oocytes. 1. The activity of potassium, a(K), in the cytoplasm of oocytes from the toad, Bufo bufo, as measured by potassium-sensitive glass micro-electrodes, was 82 mM. The concentration of potassium, C(K), in oocytes from the same ovaries, as determined by flame photometric analysis, was 113 mM. The ratio a(K)/C(K) = 0.73 does not differ significantly from the measured activity coefficient of the normal Ringer bathing solution, which is 0.75.2. The activity of sodium, a(Na), in the cytoplasm of toad oocytes, as measured by sodium-sensitive glass micro-electrodes, was 9.3 mM. The concentration of sodium, C(Na), in oocytes from the same ovaries, as determined by flame photometric analysis, was 25.8 mM. The value of the a(Na)/C(Na) ratio in the cells, 0.36, is only about half the value of either the a(K)/C(K) ratio in the cells or the activity coefficient of sodium in the normal Ringer bathing solution. This implies that about half the sodium in the cell is sequestered in some manner, such that it is unavailable to affect a cation-sensitive micro-electrode.3. When the oocytes were bathed for 5 hr in a sodium-free, lithium-substituted, Ringer solution the a(Na)/C(Na) ratio decreased to 0.06-0.10. This drop in the a(Na)/C(Na) ratio implies that the sodium available to the cation-sensitive micro-electrode can leave the cell much faster than the sequestered sodium.


A new approach to red blood cell structure.


Powered upper-limb prosthesis.

Powered upper-limb prosthesis.


Integration of films into medical teaching.


Medical single concept films.

Medical single concept films.


Plasticine models in film animation.

Plasticine models in film animation.


Student modelling in embryology.

Student modelling in embryology.


A white room for clinical photography.

A white room for clinical photography.


Rehabilitation in patients with coronary arterial diseas.


Experiments with closed-circuit television in teaching histology.


Desiderata for medical CCTV.

Desiderata for medical CCTV.


Closed-circuit television in a school for the severely deaf.


A versatile audio matching unit.

A versatile audio matching unit.


'It's easy to say we will do more--we are looking at various schemes',.


The bas-relief diagram in anatomical teaching.


Effects of color on latency of the autokinetic phenomenon.


Sex-of-rater bias in clinical diagnosis of organic brain damage using the Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs tests.


Anticipation of relevant stimuli and evoked potentials: a reply to Naatanen.


Rigidity: a function of reinforcement history.


An automated procedure for the study of perceptual imprinting.


Pattern recognition by audition and vision.


Induction of field-dependence changes by body attention procedures.


Conditioning the spiral aftereffect.

Conditioning the spiral aftereffect.


Comparison of five methods of presenting the Rod-and-Frame test.


Recognition of alphabetical arrays presented in the right and left visual fields.


Performance of disabled and normal readers on the Bender-Gestalt, Auditory Discrimination Test, and visual-motor matching.


Music ability among Negro grade school pupils: or, I got rhythm?


A psychophysical approach to the Seven Squares Technique (SST).


Changes in person perception as a function of dress.


Auditory and visual perceptual skills related to the reading performance of disadvantaged boys.


Alpha blocking latency and reaction time in schizophrenics and normals.


Uniocular functioning in binocular flashes.


Imagery and sensory modality.

Imagery and sensory modality.


Anticipation of relevant stimuli and evoked potentials: a reply to Donchin and Cohen.


Personality traits of college women in beginning swimming.


A theoretical and experimental examination of auditory-visual interaction.


An objective test of speed of fine motor function.


Closure flexibility, field dependence and student leadership.


Cardiac respinsivity to tactile stimulation on waking and sleeping infants.


Critique of Heron's directional-reading conflict theory of scanning.


Some effects of layer tinting of maps.

Some effects of layer tinting of maps.


Mood as a confounding variable in eye dominance, field dependence and reading.


The D-K Scale of Lateral Dominance.

The D-K Scale of Lateral Dominance.


Reanalysis and critique of "sensory discrimination" as an ability component of the blind.


Passive vs active exposure and other variables related to the occurrence of hand adaptation to lateral displacement.


Impact of instruction on development of deaf children's originality of thinking.


Social compliance as a function of field dependence.


Evoked potentials (lambda waves) relating to the nonadditive properties of visual sensory inflow.


Measurement of motor activity in human subjects.


Frequency-threshold relation with association value controlled.


Response sets on the Rod-and-Frame Test in neurologically impaired Ss.


Creativity and mental illness: a prevalent stereotype.


Physiological correlates of visual monitoring.


Auditory and visual perceptual behavioral function of neurologically impaired children.


Relationship between EEG activation and reaction time.


Performance decrements during a continuous discrimination task.


An empirical tautology.

An empirical tautology.


Directionality in 4 Bender-Gestalt figures.


Developmental factors in the perception of variability.


Effects of incentives and primary and secondary group interaction on learning a complex maze.


Perceptual style and speed judgments.

Perceptual style and speed judgments.


Moving and nonmoving visual stimuli: a reaction time study.


Note on the visual recognition of words.


Determinants of the magnitude of the moon illusion.


Experimenter bias or task bias?

Experimenter bias or task bias?


Effects of reinforcement on motor learning and retention by mentally retarded.


The nephrotic syndrome in children.

The nephrotic syndrome in children.


The morphologic basis of proteinuria.

The morphologic basis of proteinuria.


Nephrotic syndrome in adults.

Nephrotic syndrome in adults.


Mechanism of replication of circular mitochondrial DNA.


Malabsorption of specific foods.

Malabsorption of specific foods.


Isolation of growth inhibitors from embryo extract.


Clinical and biochemical correlates of neonatal hypocalcemia (NHC) in low birth weight (LBW) infants.


Vascular rings in infancy.

Vascular rings in infancy.


Comparative study of ampicillin and hetacillin in the treatment of pyogenic meningitis.


Studies on the biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in abnormal human thyroids.


Hyperactive behavior, leaning disabilities, and minimal brain damage.


Intestinal injuries incidental to irradiation of uterine cancer.


War wounds of the liver.

War wounds of the liver.


Clinical and experimental studies of changes in blood volume, water and electrolyte spaces following hepatic insufficiency and portacaval shunt.


Jaundice, hemobilia and hemoperitoneum: consequences of hepatic artery aneurysm rupture.


Factors influencing change in the operative technics for mitral valve disease.


Influence of diethylstilbestrol on body water space in ruminants.


Hemagglutination with adenovirus serotypes belonging to Rosen's subgroups II and 3.


Mouse mammary carcinogenesis by ethyl and butyl carbamates.


Effect of dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) on mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro.


Recovery of leukopoietic activity from organ perfusion medium.


Efficacy of the ascorbic acid stereoisomers in proline hydroxylation in vitro.


Effect of carnitine and ergothioneine on human platelet metabolism.


Hydraulic ram consisting of collapsible vessels.


Blood and tissue histamine in mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. Comparative study.


"Test tube contraction" with acto-heavy meromysin suspensions.


Abnormal sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange in serum of rats with adjuvant arthritis: correction by anti-inflammatory agents.


Further studies on the dietary control of pyruvate kinase activity.


The effect of uremia on the pyrogenic response of rabbits.


Chemical syntheses and biocytinase specificity for sulfoxides and sulfone of d-biocytin.


Vitamin K and the synthesis of factors VII-X by isolated rat liver cells.


Depression of phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system by antilymphocytic serum.


Hemoglobins of two urodeles: changes with metamorphosis.


Liver carbohydrate levels in mice treated with endotoxin, cortisone, and elipten.


Lysolecithin metabolism of thymus and bursa cells of the chicken.


Hereditary muscular hypertrophy in the bovine. I. Histological and biochemical characterization.


Functional accessory parathyroid tissue in ultimobranchial bodies of chickens.


Alveolar hypoxia, differential effects of pulmonary arteries of varied size.


Effects of hypothalamic stimulation, hormones, and drugs on ovarian function in old female rats.


The effect of magnesium and fluoride on bone pyrophosphatase activity.


Antitrinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque assay. Primary response of Balb/c mice to soluble and particulate immunogen.


The Limulus coagulation test for endotoxin. A comparison with other assay methods.


Influence of synthetic double-stranded ribonucleic acid, poly I:C, on Friend leukemia in mice.


Further evidence of skeletal response to exogenous ascorbic acid.


Differences in the severity of adjuvant arthritis in four strains of rats.


Vitamin A deficiency in the rat prior to weaning.


Differential effect of hypobaric hypoxia on potency of CNS depressants in rats and mice.


Photohemolysis. The comparative behavior of erythrocytes from patients with different types of porphyria.


Effect of odd and even numbered medium chain fatty acids on glucose uptake by adipose tissue.


The origin of erythropoietin in rats with transplants of an adrenal cortical carcinoma.


Response of the fetal mesenteric microvascular system to maternal hypoxia.


The synthesis of taurine from sulfate. II. Chick liver phosphoadenosinephosphosulfate-transferase.


Possible mechanism of posttesticular antifertility action of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol.


Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on metabolism. V. Comparison on protective agents at 5 atmospheres 100 per cent oxygen.


Strain differences in CNS and lethal effects of hyperbaric oxygen in mice.


Hyperglycemic and hyperlactic acidemic effects of soterenol (MJ 1992).


Detection of luteotropic and mammotropic activity in the serum of rats at midpregnancy.


Influence of altered reticuloendothelial function on vascular clearance and tissue distribution of S. enteritidis endotoxin.


Mechanism of specificity in radioimmunoassay for human FSH after HCG adsorption of antisera.


Biliary excretion of conjugated sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) in rats fed a protein-free diet.


Prolonged antiviral protection by interferon inducers.


The choleretic response to feeding in dogs.


Effect of sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green on bile excretion.


The role of precipitation during activation treatments of growth factor for Caenorhabditis briggsae.


Effect of ethanol on sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green metabolism in isolated perfused rat liver.


Retardation by methylprednisolone of the synergistic toxicity of endotoxin with sparsomycin or pactamycin.


Acetylcholine-releasing effects of some nicotinic agents on chick biventer cervicis nerve muscle preparation.


Brown fat: its possible role in immunosuppression during hibernation.


Some effects of serum on peripheral leukocyte count and mouse thymus after exposure to x-ray.


Micropuncture study of sodium and potassium excretion in rat parotid saliva: role of aldosterone.


Characterization of whole, canine gastric-antral ucus.


Inducers of interferon and host resistance. VI. Antiviral efficacy of poly I:C in animal models.


Computerized dynamic scintigraphy of the lungs.


The effects of high altitude on pulmonary hypertension of cardiopathies, at La Paz, Bolivia.


The function of the heart muscle in respiratory insufficiency.


Effects of humidity in  inspired air on airway resistance and functional residual capacity in patients with respiratory diseases.


Simplified treatment planning procedures and the concept of normalized tissue dose.


Late effects of human lung irradiation in some disreactive conditions.


Bone marrow megakaryocyte system and plasma thrombopoietic activity in x-ray irradiated mice with and without partial shielding.


The effect of crimidin on reproduction in hens.


Mycoplasmosis: experimental inoculation of calves with a Danish strain of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium.


Selenium content in whole blood and musculature in conjunction with parturient paresis and the Downer syndrome in cows.


Porcine adenoviruses. Isolation and cytopathogenic examination of four serological types.


Studies of Aspergillus fumigatus; casein precipitating and proteolytic effects of mycelial filtrate.


The influence of feeding conditions on urine pH and plasma bicarbonate levels in healthy sheep.


To the extinction of a certain type of conditioned avoidance reaction in hooded rats.


Examination of the thrombocyte count in mink in connection with anaemia.


A note on the somatic Y chromosome of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.).


The effect of d-phenmetrazine on the reticular single unit activity.


Correlation analysis of neuronal spike trains with exponential and symmetrical interval distribution.


To the probabilistic analysis of autostimulation in rats.


Reversal learning in instrumental reactions in intact, orbito-frontalectomized and callosotomized cas.


Space discrimination of acoustic stimuli in intact, orbito-frontalectomized and callosotomized cats.


Cortical and subcortical connections of medial geniculate body.


Changes in EEG and cardiac activity elicited by irrgularly repeated acoustical stimulation in intact animals and in cats with bilateral orbital ablation.


To the pharmacology of epileptic EEG activity, evoked by cobalt foci in the neocortex.


Remarks to the description of EEG.

Remarks to the description of EEG.


A simple photooptic bio-data analyser.

A simple photooptic bio-data analyser.


To the processing of averaged evoked potentials.


A simple device for sampling and recording the amplitude of some components of evoked responses.


A simple physiological analyser using commercial instruments and standard modules.


Conditioning (avoidance reaction) in rats with different individual development.


Cortical evoked potentials in dependence on different levels of nutrition.


Testing of emotionality in animals with different levels of nutrition.


The effect of stagnation hypoxia on the development of conditioned and unconditioned reflex activity.


Basic cognitive functions in the pre-verbal period of infancy.


The value of carotid angiography in infants with retardation of psychomotor development.


Photic driving in organic cerebral dysfunction in human infants.


The influence of individually differing intensity of the unconditioned stimulus on the elaboration of discrimination.


The areactive type of low-voltage EEG.

The areactive type of low-voltage EEG.


The disturbances of higher nervous activity preceding aggression of prisoners.


Regional differences in vasomotor reactivity to emotional load.


The influence of reserpine and phenobarbital on the metabolism of morphine.


Atropine and electrophoretic test of autonomic tone in healthy subjects.


Proprioceptive and non-proprioceptive sensory outflow from skeletal muscle.


Development of simple occupational motor skill at spontaneous and induced rhythm.


The conduction velocity of the peripheral motor nerve fibres and physical training.


Changes in the course of muscle contraction during one day.


Evaluation of longterm static activity in adolescents in consideration of their peculiarities in development and their physical ability.


The influence of early motor stimulation on motility and on mental development in infants.


Some results of a kinesigraphic analysis of motor reactions in hypokinesia.


Forced and spontaneous pace in a complex attention task.


Effect of the structure of visual field on the stimation of movement velocity.


The cellular basis for heart failure. Introduction: the myocardium in heart failure.


Unidirectional sodium flux in small intestine in experimental canine cholera.


Increased clearances of phenobarbital and salicylate produced by dopamine in the dog.


Effect of chronic lead intoxication on blood pressure in the rat.


Infiltrative granulomatous pulmonary disease and skin sensitivity to tuberculin and fungal antigens in West Pakistan.


Langat virus. Differentiation of strains of reduced pathogenicity suitable for vaccines.


Hong Kong influenza in the Panama Canal Zone. First epidemic by a new variant in the Western Hemisphere.


Isolated erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei. An electron-microscopical study.


Temporal relation between a serum electro-absorbing fraction and the course of acute Plasmodium berghei malaria in rats.


Detection of antibody-producing cells in experimental Trypanosoma gambiense infection by immunocytoadherence.


Purification of Toxoplasma antigen for hemagglutination tests.


Thiabendazole therapy in visceral larva migrans. Report of a case.


Dichlorvos, an effective broad-spectrum anthelmintic.


Further clinical trials with hycanthone, a new antischistosomal agent.


Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962-1964. I. Observations on hospitalized patients with hemorrhagic fever.


Dengue d chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962-1964. II. Observations on disease in outpatients.


Dengue chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962-1964. 3. Clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic observations on disease in non-indigenous white persons.


Effect of ischemia upon the renal microcirculation. I. Preliminary observations.


Evaluation of pH telemetry in the clinical study of gastric physiology.


The importance of biological factors in the barrier function of lymph nodes.


Purification of the water-holding lipid of intact skin and burn eschar.


Comparative measurement of renal blood flow by xenon-133 clearance and electromagnetic flowmeter methods.


A new catheter technique of interruption of inferior vena cava for prevention of pulmonary embolism.


Further experience with the Killingbeck-Lusterlite graft support ring for aortic and mitral valve replacement.


Experimental cervical myelopathy. II. Acute ischemic myelopathy.


Cholestanolosis (cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis). A follow-up study on the original family.


Developmental myopathy in the canine with type II muscle fiber hypotrophy.


Pseudodegenerative disease due to diphenylhydantoin intoxication.


Cerebrospinal fluid absorption in animals with experimental obstructive hydrocephalus.


Chandler's operation for malignant glaucoma.


Disappearance of Kayser-Fleischer rings. Effects of penicillamine.


Epithelialization of the anterior chamber after cataract extraction.


Adhesives for sutureless muscle surgery.


New uses for ocular adhesives.

New uses for ocular adhesives.


Influence of the water drinking test on scleral rigidity.


Binocular direct ophthalmoscope.

Binocular direct ophthalmoscope.


Ocular bobbing.

Ocular bobbing.


Ocular histopathology in pulseless disease.


Technique of orbital exenteration utilizing methyl methacrylate implant.


Stereologic measurement of cell volume fraction of rabbit corneal stroma.


Linear regression of lens movement with refractive state using ciliary ganglion stimulation in the cat.


The effects of inflammation on experimentally induced vitreous hemorrhage.


Oral administration of pralidoxime chloride in echothiophate iodide therapy.


Corneal pigment deposits from topically administered epinephrine. Experimental production.


A longitudinal study of psychiatric morbidity in a general practice population.


The outcome of acute otitis media. (A report to the Medical Research Council).


Congenital malformations and environmental influences in pregnancy.


Admissions from surgical waiting lists.

Admissions from surgical waiting lists.


Parent death in relation to age and parental age at birth in psychiatric patients and general population controls.


The Cornell medical index in disability evaluation.


A study of workload before and after retirement at the age of 65 years.


Environmental factors in the aetiology of lung cancer and bronchitis.


Prevalence of symptoms of urinary tract infection in women.


Heights and weights of British businessmen.


Alcoholism--a public health problem.

Alcoholism--a public health problem.


Alcoholism--disease and irresponsibility.


Planning a multiphasic screening clinic for preschoolers.


Oxidation ponds and aerated lagoons--some practical aspects.


Attitudinal roadblocks and dental programs: opinions of dental students, dentists and ten other health disciplines.


The effect of catecholamines on alkaline phosphatase activity in rat heart.


Analysis and simulation of the left ventricular response to autonomic nervous activity.


Serum lipase in cardiac infarction.

Serum lipase in cardiac infarction.


Multiple correlation analysis of mitral filling gradient.


The coagulation activity of the aortic wall in atherosclerosis.


The decomposition of serotonine in rats with experimental hypertension.


Purpurogenic effect of angiocytotoxins.

Purpurogenic effect of angiocytotoxins.


Morphological changes in the myocardium in experimental cardiomyofibrosis.


The role of myocardial fibrosis in the development of cardiac insufficiency in cardiomyopathies.


Therapeutic starvation in obesity.

Therapeutic starvation in obesity.


Drug treatment of anxious depression in psychiatric outpatients.


Diurnal patterns of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroid excretion in psychiatric illness.


Oxazepam in psychoneuroses and "anxiety bound" psychoses.


Paroxysmal headache due to the Chiari malformation.


Effects of single, combined, and non-drug treatments on chronic mental patients. (A preliminary study).


The O.R. and disaster.

The O.R. and disaster.


Transition in hospital programs.

Transition in hospital programs.


Accommodations and charges.

Accommodations and charges.


The planning process.

The planning process.


New accreditation standards.

New accreditation standards.


Older patients get more care.

Older patients get more care.


Microbiological contamination control in hospitals. 5. Role of administration.


The pharmacist and the P & T committee.

The pharmacist and the P & T committee.


The value of food purchasing reports.

The value of food purchasing reports.


Implementation of a convenience foods system in a hospital.


Menu planning as a teaching tool.

Menu planning as a teaching tool.


The hospital engineer's report to the administrator.


Central service modernized.

Central service modernized.


A combination of sulfadimidine, neomycin and berberine in the treatment of infectious diarrhoea.


Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Klippel-Feil syndrome.


Management of children icvulsions.

Management of children icvulsions.


Application of conglutinating complement absorption test and indirect haemagglutination test to the Streptococcus equi antigen--antibody system.


The thymus--A brief review.

The thymus--A brief review.


Effect of environmental changes on endocrine glands.


The future of the profession of optometry.


Concept and scope of developmental optometry.


A comparison of techniques for prescribing optical compensations for heterophorias.


Tear pumps: reservoir oxygen measured in situ.


Studies on cleaning solutions for contact lenses.


U. S. public health service optometry.

U. S. public health service optometry.


Optometry in the americal division, U. S. army.


Organizing visual training stations.

Organizing visual training stations.


What constitutes blindness? II. Psychology.


Conversion of blood androgens to estrogens in normal adult men and women. Continuous infusions of Delta(4)-androstenedione-7-(3)H and testosterone-7-(3)H have been used to demonstrate that these androgens are converted to estrone and 17beta-estradiol, and contribute to the circulating blood levels of these estrogens in normal males and females. The conversion ratio (ratio of concentrations of radioactivity of free product steroid [chi(-PRO)] and free precursor steroid [chi(-PRE)], both corrected for recoveries, after an infusion of radioactive precursor steroid) for androstenedione (precursor) to estrone (product) is 0.013 in males and 0.007 in females, and the conversion ratio for testosterone (precursor) to estradiol (product) is 0.0018 in males and 0.005 in females. The transfer constant, [rho](BB) (AE1), for androstenedione conversion to estrone ([rho](BB) (AE1) = per cent of infused androstenedione, precursor, converted to estrone, product, when infusion and measurement are both in blood) is 1.35% in males and 0.74% in females, and the transfer constant, [rho](BB) (TE2), for testosterone conversion to estradiol is 0.39% in males and 0.15% in females. Whether measured as conversion ratio or transfer constant, the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione takes place to a greater degree than that of testosterone, and, for the respective androgens, both the conversion ratio and [rho](BB) value are greater in males than females. For the androgen interconversions, [rho](BB) (AT) is 4.5% in males and 2.2% in females; [rho](BB) (TA) is 8.2% in males and 12.0% in females. Studies on the distribution coefficients (effective concentration in red cells/plasma) for precursor radioactivity were also made. In both males and females the distribution coefficient for androstenedione is 0.16-0.17 while that of testosterone is 0.01-0.03.


Natriuretic activity in plasma and urine of salt-loaded man and sheep. The present study was designed to examine the question of whether or not there is a natriuretic hormonal substance involved in the renal regulation of sodium balance. For this purpose, procedures for concentration and fractionation of plasma and urine samples and a sensitive bioassay for demonstrating changes in renal sodium excretion were developed. The natriuretic assay utilized rats with mild diabetes insipidus which were maintained in salt and water balance. Using these approaches a natriuretic humoral substance was demonstrated in plasma and urine from normal man and sheep, and in patients with primary aldosteronism or essential hypertension. It seems likely that this substance participates in day to day regulation of sodium balance because it was not detectable in sodium-depleted subjects and it consistently appeared in the sodium-loaded subjects. The hormonal agent may not act immediately and its activity can be apparent for up to 3 hr. Full expression of its activity requires that the assay animals be appropriately volume expanded. This suggests that the increases in sodium excretion mediated by this hormonal substance depend in part on the coparticipation of other physical and perhaps humoral factors. This natriuretic substance appears to be of large molecular weight or carried by a large molecule. The data suggest that it acts, at least in part, to block sodium reabsorption in a more distal portion of the tubule.


Inhibition of steady-state intestinal absorption of long-chain triglyceride by medium-chain triglyceride in the unanesthetized rat. Maximal steady-state intestinal absorption rates in unanesthetized rats for triolein, a long-chain triglyceride, and for trioctanoin, a medium-chain triglyceride, are known to differ. Both these lipids are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen but the products of hydrolysis are metabolized differently by the mucosal cell. Intraduodenal infusion of trioctanoin was found to reduce steady-state triolein absorption. Luminal lipolysis was shown not to be rate-controlling. High rates of trioctanoin infusion significantly lowered the pH of the luminal aqueous phase and altered the partition of oleic acid between aqueous and oil phases. Two possible mechanisms for the inhibition of triolein uptake are considered. In the intestinal lumen medium chain lipids might have lowered the activity of oleic acid monomers in the aqueous phase and reduced passive diffusion into mucosal cells. Alternatively, competition between long and medium chain fatty acids for some common receptor during transport into the intestinal mucosal cell may have occurred. Despite significant inhibition of triolein absorption by high levels of trioctanoin, the maximum number of calories absorbed from mixtures of triglycerides exceeded the maxima from either glyceride alone. The optimum proportion of triolein to trioctanoin in lipid infusion mixtures was about 3:4 by weight and the optimum dosages about half maximal for each triglyceride, which represented a caloric intake of 4 kcal/rat per 2 hr. The absorption coefficient for this lipid mixture was about 90%. It is suggested that in patients who have a limited intestinal absorptive capacity dietary fat intake might be doubled with a caloric supplement of medium-chain triglycerides without increase in steatorrhea of long-chain fat.


Congenital dysprothrombinemia: an inherited structural disorder of human prothrombin. A large family has been studied, 11 of whose members have half-normal plasma concentrations of biological prothrombin activity. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal. By use of a specific immunoassay, affected family members have been shown to possess normal quantities of immunoreactive prothrombin, whose immunologic properties seem identical with those of the normal zymogen. Prothrombin isolation from the plasma of one such individual gave normal yields of protein but half-normal amounts of prothrombin activity. Activation of this material in the "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" systems, in concentrated sodium citrate, or by trypsin, gives rise to half, or less, of the thrombin clotting and esterase activities expected from a comparable normal prothrombin preparation. During the clotting of blood from an affected individual, all material with the mobility of prothrombin disappears. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum reveals a normal nonthrombin "pro piece," and an additional activation product with an electrophoretic mobility intermediate between that of prothrombin and of "pro piece." These results suggest that affected individuals are heterozygotes in whom half the prothrombin molecules synthesized are structurally abnormal, since they undergo some alterations during activation, but are incapable of releasing the active enzyme, thrombin.


Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. VI. Plasma fuels, insulin, liver composition, gluconeogenesis, and nitrogen metabolism during late gestation in the fed and fasted rat. The effects of late pregnancy on metabolic fuels, liver composition, gluconeogenesis, and nitrogen metabolism have been examined in fed and fasted rats. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) are greater and glucose and ketones are lower in fed 19-day pregnant than they are in agematched virgin rats. A 48 hr fast elicits greater increases in FFA and ketones and more profound reductions in glucose in the pregnant rats and obliterates the differences in IRI. Fetal weight is not modified by such fasting but maternal weight losses exceed that of the nongravid rats. Livers from rats 19 days pregnant contain more and larger hepatocytes. Per mumole hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-phosphorus, water and protein are more abundant, whereas glycogen is unaffected. Livers from fed pregnant rats contain more lipid phosphorus and less neutral lipid fatty acid. After a 48 hr fast, hepatic steatosis supervenes in gravid animals due to accumulated neutral fat. The contents of hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and citric acid are not different in fed pregnant and virgin rats but are greater in the pregnant rats after fasting. Formation of glucose-(14)C and glycogen-(14)C from administered pyruvate-(14)C are the same in fed pregnant and virgin rats, but greater in the pregnant ones after a 24 or 48 hr fast. Pregnancy does not affect creatinine excretion, and urinary urea is not different in fed pregnant, virgin, and postpartum animals. Contrariwise, more nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus are excreted by the pregnant animals during a 2 day fast. The increment in urinary nitrogen is due largely to urea on the 1st day, whereas heightened ammonia accounts for half the increase on the 2nd and correlates with the enhanced ketonuria. Muscle catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and diversion to fat are activated more rapidly and to a greater degree when food is withheld during late gestation in the rat. These catabolic propensities are restrained in the fed state. The capacity for "accelerated starvation" may confer survival benefit upon an intermittently eating mother in the presence of a continuously feeding fetus.


Amino acid balance across tissues of the forearm in postabsorptive man. Effects of insulin at two dose levels. Amino acid balance across skeletal muscle and across subcutaneous adipose tissue plus skin of the forearm has been quantified in postabsorptive man before and after insulin infusion into the brachial artery. Skeletal muscle released significant amounts of alpha amino nitrogen after an overnight fast. Most individual amino acids were released. Alanine output was by far the greatest. The pattern of release probably reflects both the composition of muscle protein undergoing degradation and de novo synthesis of alanine by transamination. A significant correlation was observed between the extent of release of each amino acid and its ambient arterial concentration. Elevation of forearm insulin in eight subjects from postabsorptive (12 muU/ml) to high physiologic levels (157 muU/ml) in addition to stimulating muscle glucose uptake blocked muscle alpha amino nitrogen release by 74%. Consistent declines in output were seen for leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, glycine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid. Alanine output was insignificantly affected. Doubling forearm insulin levels (from 10 to 20 muU/ml) in eight subjects increased muscle glucose uptake in three and blocked alpha amino nitrogen output in two although both effects were seen concurrently in only one subject. Changes in net amino acid balance after insulin could be accounted for by increased transport of amino acids into muscle cells or retardation of their exit. It is likely that ambient arterial amino acid concentrations are established and maintained primarily by the extent of muscle amino acid release. The individual amino acids whose outputs from forearm muscle decline after forearm insulinization correspond well with those whose levels fall systematically after systemic insulinization. This suggests that declines in amino acid levels after systemic insulinization are due to inhibition of muscle release. Doubling basal insulin approaches the threshold both for blockade of muscle amino acid output and stimulation of glucose uptake, effects which appear to occur independently.


Insulin responses to glucose: evidence for a two pool system in man. Four rapid glucose injections of 5 g each were administered to normal young adult subjects before, during, and after an infusion of glucose. After the first glucose pulse, insulin responses measured immunologically reached a peak between 3 and 5 min and rapidly returned to base line. A short glucose infusion of 300 mg/min decreased the rapid insulin response to a second glucose pulse (- 58%), but after a longer infusion (20 hr) the acute insulin response to a third pulse was restored to normal. Stopping the infusion was followed by return of glucose and insulin levels to prestudy base line within 1 hr, but a fourth glucose pulse was followed by a supernormal acute insulin response (+ 200%). Other observations during these studies showed that a short glucose infusion of either 100 mg/min or 300 mg/min produced a parallel rise in glucose and insulin, but continuation of the infusion for 20 hr was associated with a "paradoxical" fall in glucose and continued rise in insulin. These observations are considered incompatible with a simple linear model often used to describe the relation between plasma glucose and serum insulin. Instead, a two pool system-one for acute insulin release, and the other a time-dependent compartment for long term insulin responses-is suggested.


Dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) metabolism in parkinsonism. Three patients with idiopathic parkinsonism and six normal subjects were infused over a 4 hr period with 104.6 muc of dopamine-2-(14)C (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, 3-hydroxytyramine),(1) the immediate precursor in the synthesis of the sympathetic neurohormone, noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Urine was collected during the infusion period, 0-2 hr, 2-4 hr, 4-8 hr, 8-24 hr, and thereafter for 4 additional days. Using a technique herein described, the various metabolic and biosynthetic products of dopamine, including noradrenaline and its metabolic products, were separated, identified, and their radioactivity measured. The metabolic pattern of dopamine in the normal subject was compared to that of the three parkinsonism patients. The results indicate that in idiopathic parkinsonism there is a decrease in the recovery of free radioactive noradrenaline in the urine following an infusion of dopamine-2-(14)C and a slight shift toward dopamine metabolism. The latter is reflected by an increase in the following metabolites of dopamine: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and the conjugates of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol and dopamine.


Phospholipases in arterial tissue. IV. The role of phosphatide acyl hydrolase, lysophosphatide acyl hydrolase, and sphingomyelin choline phosphohydrolase in the regulation of phospholipid composition in the normal human aorta with age. The role of phospholipases in the regulation of the changing phospholipid composition of normal human aortae with age was studied. Portions of grossly and histologically lesion-free ascending aortae from 16 females and 29 males obtained at autopsy, were analyzed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), phospholipid, and cholesterol content and phospholipid composition. Enzymic activity toward four substrates, lecithin (LE), phosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysolecithin, and sphingomyelin (SP), was determined on portions of the same homogenate. By regression analysis for correlation between all determinations and age the following results were obtained: (a) total phospholipids and choleserol increased linearly with age; (b) the increase in sphingomyelin accounted for about 70% of the phospholipid increment; (c) hydrolysis of lecithin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased markedly with age, that of lysolecithin only moderately; (d) hydrolysis of sphingomyelin decreased with age; and (e) an inverse relation between the SP/LE ratio and age and sphingomyelinase/lecithinase activity and age was obtained. These results were interpreted to indicate that a causal relation exists between the fall in sphingomyelinase activity, both absolute and relative to lecithinase activity, and the accumulation of sphingomyelin with age.


Micropuncture study of hypertonic mannitol diuresis in the proximal and distal tubule of the dog kidney. Fractional reabsorption of water, sodium, and potassium at proximal and distal tubular sites within the nephron was studied by recollection-micropuncture experiments on dogs undergoing hypertonic mannitol diuresis. After an initial control hydropenic phase, 16% mannitol in modified Ringer's solution was administered intravenously, resulting in marked increases in fractional excretion of water (28.7%), sodium (12.6%), and potassium (63.9%). Inulin clearance decreased significantly from 35.1 to 25.2 ml/min. Analysis of paired micropuncture data revealed a significant decrease in tubule fluid to plasma (TF:P) inulin ratios in both the proximal tubule (1.63-1.45) and distal tubule (5.38-1.94). There was also a significant decrease in proximal TF:P sodium ratios (0.99-0.93) and potassium ratios (1.05-0.98). Distal TF:P sodium ratios, in contrast, rose significantly (0.38-0.59), while TF:P potassium ratios tended towards unity whether initially greater or less than one. Fractional reabsorption of sodium and water decreased by 5% and 10% respectively in the proximal tubule, but to a lesser extent than the resulting increases in fractional urinary excretion. The nonreabsorbed fraction, however, had increased sharply at the point of distal puncture for water (32%), sodium (26%), and potassium (26%), indicating a large inhibitory effect within the loop of Henle in addition to the smaller proximal effects.


Hemoglobin Yoshizuka (G10(108)beta asparagine--aspartic acid): a new variant with a reduced oxygen affinity from a Japanese family. During the course of a survey, a new hemoglobin, designated hemoglobin Yoshizuka, has been encountered in a Japanese family. Clinically, mild anemia was noted in five of six heterozygous individuals but no other significant abnormalities were found. Hemoglobin Yoshizuka is characterized by the substitution of aspartic acid for asparagine at the tenth residue of the G helix in the beta-chain. Reduced oxygen affinity with almost normal heme-heme interaction was found to be a property of this abnormal hemoglobin. The asparagine residue G10(108)beta lies in the internal cavity of the tetrameric molecule and its main chain carbonyl is thought to be hydrogen bonded to histidine G10(103)alpha at the region of contact between alpha- and beta-chains. It would appear likely that the introduction of a carboxyl group into the central cavity might result in interactions between the polar groups and the substituted side chain, disrupting the system of hydrogen bonds which contribute to the stability of the contacts between unlike subunits.


Cori cycle activity in man.

Cori cycle activity in man. 12 subjects have been studied after an overnight fast with trace amounts of pyruvate-3-(14)C and glucose-6-(14)C. Blood disappearance curves and incorporation of the pyruvate-3-(14)C label into blood glucose have been determined. By the use of transfer functions which allow processes with many different chemical steps to be examined as a unit, we have determined the per cent of pyruvate and presumably lactate which is regenerated into glucose. 8 of the 12 subjects showed that 7-23 mg/kg per hr are recycled, while 4 subjects fell well outside this range. Correlation of increased activity was not good with any demonstrated metabolic abnormality (diabetes or obesity), and it is suggested from clinical observation of the subjects that anxiety may play a role.


Metabolic clearance and production rates of human growth hormone. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of human growth hormone (HGH) was determined by the constant infusion to equilibrium technique utilizing HGH-(125)I. 22 control subjects had a MCR of 229 +/-52 ml/min (mean +/-SD). No difference was evident between sexes, or between various age groups. Patients with acromegaly demonstrated normal MCR's. Moreover, acute elevations of plasma growth hormone concentrations in normal subjects did not alter the MCR of HGH. The MCR was relatively constant from day to day and within the day when subjects were evaluated in the supine position. In contrast, the assumption of the upright position was associated with a mean 24% decrease in the MCR. These results were contrasted with the MCR of HGH observed in a small number of patients with altered thyroid function or diabetes mellitus. In six patients with hypothyroidism the MCR (131 +/-36 ml/min) was significantly decreased (P < 0.001); whereas the MCR in eight patients with hyperthyroidism (240 +/-57 ml/min) did not differ from control subjects. The MCR in eight patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (IID) (185 +/-41 ml/min) and in eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) (136 +/-31 ml/min) were significantly different from control subjects (P = < 0.05 and P = < 0.001, respectively). These data were interpreted to indicate that the plasma HGH-removing mechanism(s) is not saturated at physiologic plasma HGH levels, that plasma HGH levels alone may not permit distinction between variations in pituitary release of the hormone and its rate of clearance from the plasma, and that the estimation of the MCR of HGH may help clarify the mechanism of abnormal plasma HGH responses to various stimuli. Production rates of HGH (PR) in control subjects (347 +/-173 mmug/min) were contrasted with hyperthyroid patients (529 +/-242 mmug/min, P < 0.05), hypothyroid patients (160 +/-69 mmug/min, P < 0.02), IID (245 +/-100 mmug/min, NS), and IDD (363 +/-153 mmug/min, NS). Considerable variability in the determination of the concentrations of immunoprecipitable HGH-(125)I and endogenous plasma HGH concentrations was encountered at apparent equilibrium conditions. Since both factors are necessary for the PR calculations, the wide 95% confidence limits of the PR's did not permit a clear interpretation of the significance of these observations.


Very low density lipoproteins in intestinal lymph: role in triglyceride and cholesterol transport during fat absorption. The role of nonchylomicron very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, S(f) 20-400) in the transport of triglyceride and cholesterol was studied during lipid absorption. Various long chain fatty acids were infused intraduodenally in the form of mixed fatty acid-mono-olein-taurocholate micelles; control animals received saline or taurocholate. As compared with controls, all fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic) resulted in significant increases in chylomicron (S(f) > 400) triglyceride. In addition, palmitic acid resulted in a twofold increase in VLDL triglyceride, whereas with the absorption of oleic or linoleic acid VLDL triglyceride did not change significantly. Differences in triglyceride fatty acid composition between chylomicrons and VLDL were observed during lipid absorption. Although the absolute amount of endogenous cholesterol in intestinal lymph was not significantly affected by lipid absorption under these conditions, its lipoprotein distribution differed substantially among the lipid-infused groups. During palmitate absorption, VLDL cholesterol was similar to that in the taurocholate-infused controls, and was equal to chylomicron cholesterol. In contrast, during oleate and linoleate absorption the VLDL cholesterol fell markedly, and was less than half of the chylomicron cholesterol in these groups. The half-time of plasma survival of VLDL cholesterol-(14)C was found to be twice that of chylomicron cholesterol-(14)C. These studies demonstrate that dietary long chain fatty acids differ significantly in their effects upon the transport of triglyceride and cholesterol by lipoproteins of rat intestinal lymph. These findings, together with the observed differences in rates of removal of chylomicrons and VLDL from plasma, suggest that variations in lipoprotein production at the intestinal level may be reflected in differences in the subsequent metabolism of absorbed dietary and endogenous lipids.


Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and galactokinase activity in cultured human diploid fibroblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes. I. Analysis of transferase genotypes by the ratio of the activities of the two enzymes. The specific activities of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase were determined in peripheral blood leukocytes directly after separation from whole blood, and in cultured skin fibroblasts at various times during the subculture growth period. Growth curves were obtained for fibroblasts based on three different parameters: direct cell counts, total protein, and total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. At the time in culture when the specific activity of both enzymes was maximal and least variable, the ratio of transferase to galactokinase correlated well with the transferase genotypes of the original tissue donors. Leukocyte transferase: galactokinase ratios gave a similar distribution pattern. Whereas transferase activity in both fibroblasts and leukocytes was similar, galactokinase was approximately three times as active in fibroblasts as in leukocytes. All fibrobast cell strains tested had similar galactokinase activity regardless of transferase genotype.The kinetic properties of fibroblast galactokinase were examined. Galactose-1-phosphate inhibits galactokinase activity in both normal and galactosemic cell strains, whereas other glycolytic intermediates have no effect. There was no detectable transferase activity in eight galactosemic (Gt(G)/Gt(G)) cell strains when transferase activity was maximal in cell strains of other transferase genotypes. Inhibitors responsible for the absence of transferase activity could not be demonstrated. In addition, transferase activity in galactosemic cell lysates was not observed in cells during logarithmic growth; measurable uridine diphosphate galactose (UDPgal) pyrophosphorylase activity was found in human diploid fibroblast cultures, as well as significant levels of endogenous uridine triphosphate (UTP) in lysates of fibroblast cultures.


Types of error within a clinical laboratory.


Brucellosis in man.

Brucellosis in man.


Failure of bile acids to control hepatic cholesterogenesis: evidence for endogenous cholesterol feedback. Studies were undertaken to define the role of bile acids in the control of hepatic cholesterogenesis from acetate. Both biliary diversion and biliary obstruction increase the rate of sterol synthesis by the liver 2.5- to 3-fold. After biliary diversion, however, the bile acid content of the liver is decreased, whereas after biliary obstruction, it is markedly increased. Thus, there is no relationship between the tissue content of bile acid and the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, restoration of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acid in animals with biliary diversion fails to prevent the rise in synthetic activity seen after this manipulation. These data indicate that bile acid plays no direct inhibitory role in the regulation of cholesterol synthesis by the liver. Other experiments were therefore undertaken to evaluate the possibility that changes in cholesterogenic activity observed after manipulation of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acid actually are the result of changes in the enterolymphatic circulation of cholesterol. In support of this thesis it was found that intestinal lymphatic diversion causes the same specific enhancement of cholesterol synthetic activity as biliary diversion and that both of these operative procedures increase enzymatic activity at the step mediated by beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl glutaryl reductase. Furthermore, the increase in the rate of sterol synthesis by the liver seen in animals with biliary diversion can be prevented by the infusion of approximately 7 mg of cholesterol/24 hr in the form of chylomicrons. This is an amount of cholesterol circulating normally in the enterolymphatic circulation of the intact rat.These results indicate that bile acid plays no direct role in the control of hepatic cholesterogenesis, but rather, it is the enterohepatic circulation of endogenous cholesterol that determines directly the rate at which cholesterol is synthesized by the liver.


Simple separation of peripheral lymphocytes.


Multiple channel gel immunoelectrophoresis: a further step towards standardization.


Routine investigation of amino acid patterns in blood serum and urine by thin-layer electrophoresis.


An economical method for the long-term storage of brains in neuropathological laboratories.


Osmolality measurements for the standardization of urinary amino-acid chromatograms.


An investigation into factors affecting chlamydospore production by Candida albicans.


A colorimetric assay of serum 2-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.


A pipette dispenser.

A pipette dispenser.


A back throw projector.

A back throw projector.


A rapid method of attaching paraffin blocks to chucks.


A self-sealing diffusion chamber.

A self-sealing diffusion chamber.


Catheter semiconductor radiation detector for continuous measurement of cardiac output.


A method for chromatographic separation of iodo compounds with a computer program for data analysis.


High-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry in the determination of trace elements in human fingernails.


The question of radiation exposure to the hand from handling 99mTc.


Utilization of characteristic x-radiation to identify gamma radiation originating external to skull.


Determination of renal plasma flow by a single injection of 131-I-orthoiodohippurate and two blood samples: evaluation of the precision of this method.


Radioimmunoassay of pancreozymin cholecystokinin in human serum.


Radioimmunoassay of gastrin in human serum using antiserum against pentagastrin.


Scanning mediastinal lymph nodes.

Scanning mediastinal lymph nodes.


Dosimetry of 132I.

Dosimetry of 132I.


Abruptio placentae and defective folate metabolism in Singapore women.


Penicillin prophylaxis during termination of pregnancy by intra-amniotic glucose.


Coronary heart disease in the puerperium. A case report.


Iron status of anaemic pregnant Nigerians.


The paediatric aspects of advanced abdominal pregnancy.


Report on the performance of the Vickers Cytology Screening Apparatus.


Vault rupture with bowel prolapse after Manchester repair.


Ovarian function after hysterectomy with conservation of the ovaries in pre-menopausal women.


Vascular anatomy of the human placenta and its significance for placental pathology.


The weight increase of the placenta and embryo in early human pregnancy. (The placento-fetal index).


Distribution of ions and electrical potential differences between mother and fetus in the human at term.


The variability of oestriol concentration in amniotic fluid.


Activation diagrams in enzyme catalysis.


Unwinding models for double-helical DNA during its replication and transcription.


Transformation of mictic indices in components of pedigree.


Mathematical approach to the study of a cerebral cortex. 3. The columnar organization in the cortex and the spread of activity in the model.


The membrane electrical parameters of Nitella translucens.


A theoretical basis for the entrainment of chemostat populations.


Suppression of Rauscher virus-induced leukemia by L-asparaginase.


Antagonistic influence of Co2 and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate on the Bohr effect of human haemoglobin.


A model for calculating enzyme synthetic rates during induction: application to the synergistic effect of ferric citrate on the induction of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase.


The induction of flowering by abscisic acid in Lemna perpusilla 6746.


Alterations of the sphingolipid composition in the brains of the "quaking" mouse and the "jimpy" mouse.


Time-course of enzyme adaptation-II. The rate of change in two urea cycle enzymes.


Potentiated reagin response to egg albumin and conalbumin in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats.


Protein synthesis on free and endoplasmic reticulum-bound polysomes of rat brain.


Isolation of phosphorylating mitochondria from Astasia longa.


Hemadsorption reaction in Tetrahymena pyriformis incubated with measles virus.


Effect of ribonuclease on rat liver parenchymal cells.


Comparative study of histones and ribosomal basic proteins of Ehrlich ascites tumor.


Glycemic response to shock stress in biotin deficiency.


A technique for group tissue cutting for frozen sections on a rat.


Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.

Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.


Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.


The silent carrier of beta thalassemia.

The silent carrier of beta thalassemia.


Hepatotoxicity due to treatment with papaverine. Report of four cases.


Platypnea (diffuse zone I phenomenon?).

Platypnea (diffuse zone I phenomenon?).


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 51-1969.


Papaverine revisited as a hepatotoxin.

Papaverine revisited as a hepatotoxin.