Influence of cellobiose on the colonial morphology and glycosidases of several fungi.


Assay automation in control of parenteral products.


The taxonomy of schistosomes.

The taxonomy of schistosomes.


An examination of the value of ecological research in the control of bilharziasis.


Polyinosinic acid--polycytidylic acid copolymer: an intravenous preparation.


The control of bilharziasis by the use of molluscicides.


Assessment of results of experimental control programmes.


Elimination of particulate contamination from ophthalmic solutions for intraocular surgery.


Radiopharmaceuticals.

Radiopharmaceuticals.


Control of bilharziasis by rural management.


Clinical trials of Hycanthone in the treatment of bilharziasis.


Host location by miracidia of Schistosoma haematobium.


The requirements for control.

The requirements for control.


The taxonomy and distribution of the planorbidae in relation to the transmission of schistosomiasis.


Sociological patterns and their influence on the transmission of Bilharziasis.


Computer based data analysis in longevity research.


A procedure for determining the centromere in the classification of wheat metaphases by digital computer.


Minimization of polypeptide energy. IX. A procedure for seeking the global minimum of functions with many minima.


Cardia arrhythmia classification: a heart-beat interval-Markov chain approach.


The local treatment of precancerous skin conditions with 5-fluorouracil ointment.


Summary of our trial with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment on the treatment of basal cell epithelioma and senile keratosis.


Comparison of the clinical and histological effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone and of 5-FU preceded by dimethyl-sulphoxide (DMSO) on senile keratosis.


Treatment of keratoacanthomas by local applications of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment.


The photoprotective effect and pharmaceutical properties of 5-fluorouracil ointment.


The place of 5-fluorouracil in experimental and clinical cancer chemotherapy.


Effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment on normal and diseased skin. Histological findings and deep action.


Basal-cell carcinoma of large dimension.


The place of chemotherapy with 5 per cent 5-fluorouracil ointment in the treatment of malignant disease of the skin.


5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment in the treatment of basal cell epithelioma. Histological control over a long duration.


5-fluorouracil ointment in tumors of the skin.


5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment in the treatment of benign and malignant skin lesions.


Cutaneous absorption and urinary excretion of 6-14C-5-fluorouracil ointment applicated in an ointment to healthy and diseased human skin.


Preliminary experience with 5-fluorouracil ointment in the treatment of neoplasias and precancerous lesions of the skin.


Clinical and structural evaluation of the treatment of some hyperplastic and neoplastic skin diseases with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment.


Methotrexate for psoriasis in weekly oral doses without any adjunctive therapy.


5-fluouracil (5-FU) ointment in the treatment of skin tumours and keratoses.


Ocular changes in benign Acanthosis nigricans.


Sensitization to phenylacetaldehyde.

Sensitization to phenylacetaldehyde.


Torulosis of the skin.

Torulosis of the skin.


Suppression of contact hypersensitivity to DNCB by previous intravenous injection of DNP-protein conjugate.


The ultrastructure of the skin of human embryos. VI. Formation of the intradermal hair canal.


The water-barrier of stripped and normal skin.


Ethnic differences in natural melanoproteins.


Peptide and amide bond formation in aqueous solutions of cyclic or linear polyphosphates as a possible prebiotic process.


Polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants in toluene for liquid scintillation counting of tritium in aqueous samples.


Geometrical factors in partial body in vivo activation analysis using epithermal and fast neutrons.


The American Dietetic Association--1969-70. President's report to members.


The joule--unit of energy.

The joule--unit of energy.


Remarks on the joule.

Remarks on the joule.


Recipes for low-copper diets.

Recipes for low-copper diets.


Programmed instruction in nutrition for collegiate nursing students.


Developing a program of learning on the fat-controlled diet.


Sugar, acid, and flavor in fresh fruits.


Method for evaluating thiamine adequacy in college women.


Optical activity of n-pi transitions in polynucleotides.


Small polarons in organic and biological semiconductors.


Proton magnetic relaxation study of the manganese-transfer-RNA complex.


The self-bodying action of the mixed emulsifier cetrimide-cetostearyl alcohol.


Report of the president.

Report of the president.


Studies on hydatid disease in Lebanon.

Studies on hydatid disease in Lebanon.


The importance of renal damage due to hyperuricaemia and its prevention by allopurinol.


Giardiasis.

Giardiasis.


A year of challenge.

A year of challenge.


Epidemiologic assessment as a pre-requisite to disease prevention and control.


Radiographic evaluation of kidney size in normal children.


Acute leukemia in childhood.

Acute leukemia in childhood.


The effect of starvation on the kinetics of drug oxidation by hepatic microsomal enzymes from male and female rats.


Gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced increase in brain dopamine: localization by fluorescence microscopy.


Effects of basal anesthesia on the response of sympathetic nervous activity and barostatic reflexes to a subsequent administration of halothane.


Supersensitivity of the nictitating membrane to 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine after various procedures.


Stabilization of excitable membrane by chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin.


Ion exchange processes at the neuromuscular junction of voluntary muscle.


Effect of pH on phenobarbital extraction by hemoperfusion over anion exchange resins.


Metabolic fates of 3-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin (ethotoin, peganone), 3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin and 5-phenylhydantoin.


Absorption, excretion and metabolism of pentaerythritol tetranitrate by humans.


Species differences in the induction of microsomal hemoproteins and 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene.


The biotransformation of protriptyline in man, pig and dog.


Mechanisms of neurotoxic action of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in immature and adult rats.


Isolation of morphine-3-glucuronide from urine and bile of rats injected with codeine.


Rubella vaccine.

Rubella vaccine.


Localization of d- and l-methadone after intraventricular injection into rat brains.


Waiting and noticing.

Waiting and noticing.


Examinations.

Examinations.


Training to be a doctor. Omissions and their consequences.


Patterns of demand in general practice.

Patterns of demand in general practice.


Urinary tract infection in women: a study from general practice.


The medical aspects of professional association football.


Hydrodynamic model of amoeboid movement.


The "pill". Why not?

The "pill". Why not?


Thermodynamics in biology: an intruder?

Thermodynamics in biology: an intruder?


Tautomerism of the anticodon base and the code degeneracy.


Colloid osmotic homeostasis in humans. I. Theoretical aspects and background.


Molecular interactions and diffusion permeability.


Adaptation of cellular control processes in relation to cancer and its therapy.


Network model as a biological pacemaker.


Bending moments and elastic constants in cilia.


Characteristics of bacteriophage N1 and its attachment to cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Bacteriophage N1 was purified by differential and equilibrium gradient centrifugation and characterized with respect to bouyant density in CsCl, one-step growth properties, host range, and morphology by electron microscopy. In a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-magnesium buffer (pH 7.15), the irreversible adsorption of N1 to cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus strain 1 (ML-1) followed first-order reaction kinetics with an adsorption-velocity constant of 1.6 x 10(-9)/min at 32 C. The rate of phage attachment was not significantly altered when adsorption mixtures contained 0.01 m KCN or 1% casein hydrolysate, 0.01 m CaCl(2), and 0.001 m tryptophan. The activation energy for the irreversible adsorption reaction was 8.6 kcal. Treatment of ML-1 cells by any of the following procedures reduced the irreversible phage receptor activity over 90%: (i) mechanical disruption, (ii) lysozyme digestion, (iii) incubation in 1% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, or (iv) incubation of heated cells (100 C, 15 min) with trypsin, Pronase, or lysozyme. The sensitivity of the phage receptor activity of ML-1 cells to lysozyme suggests that the bacterial cell wall is involved in the receptor site for the virus. Destruction of receptor activity by the other treatments cited above implies that, in addition to the cell wall, other cellular components may participate in the irreversible attachment of N1 phage to cells.


Process of infection with bacteriophage phiX174. XXXV. Cistron 8. Twenty-two new amber and ochre mutants of phiX174 were isolated and classified into complementation groups. Three ochre mutants gave positive complementation tests with reference mutants in the seven previously defined groups and thus represent an eighth cistron. Studies of the physiology of infection in the nonpermissive condition for mutants in cistron VIII yielded the following information. (i) Replicative-form synthesis proceeds at a normal rate, and is turned off at the usual time. (ii) Synthesis of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is delayed until nearly 40 min after infection (in the absence of lysis), at which time a slow synthesis of infectious phage particles commences. The synthesis of infectious particles at late times is interpreted as a consequence of "leakage," and indicates that the cistron VIII product is required in very small quantities. (iii) During the normal period of single-strand synthesis, most of the replicative-form DNA is found in a form with properties similar to those of the transient intermediates of single-strand DNA synthesized during normal infection.


Molecular weight of Sindbis virus ribonucleic acid as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight (MW) of Sindbis virion ribonucleic acid (RNA) determined by gel electrophoresis was in a range of 3.89 x 10(6) to 4.45 x 10(6) daltons. Upon denaturation with urea, it separated into fragments having an MW of 1.76 x 10(6) daltons. Viral-specific Sindbis 26S RNA contained a major species having an MW of 1.76 x 10(6) daltons.


Interaction of bacteriophage N1 with cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Bacteriophage N1 does not irreversibly adsorb to cell walls isolated from its host Micrococcus lysodeikticus strain 1 (ML-1). ML-1 walls do bind the virus in a specific but completely reversibly union. Electron microscopic examination of OsO(4)-treated mixtures of phage and walls revealed phage bound to wall fragments by their tail tips, suggesting that reversible phage attachment to walls involves a "tail-first" adsorption of the virus. Treatment of ML-1 walls with fluorodinitrobenzene confers upon the walls the ability to inactivate N1 phage. The relationship between reversible phage attachment to walls and the mechanism of infection by N1 phage is discussed.


Fat and glucose malabsorption after hypertonic mannitol.


Radionuclide angiocardiography in cyanotic congenital heart disease.


Transient stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and histone acetylation in human embryonic kidney cultures infected with adenovirus 2 or 12: apparent induction of host ribonucleic acid synthesis. The synthesis of cell-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) appeared to be stimulated in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cultures infected with adenovirus 2 or 12. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-RNA hybridization experiments revealed that by 44 to 70 hr after infection with either virus, the relative amount of pulse-labeled RNA capable of hybridizing with HEK cell DNA increased considerably; such RNA was detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The main increase in apparent host RNA synthesis was preceded by (i) a relatively early transient stimulation of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in isolated nuclei, and (ii) a small but consistently observed increase in the rate of acetylation of lysine-rich and arginine-rich histone fractions. The Mn(2+)-(NH(4))(2)SO(4) and Mg(2+)-activated RNA polymerase reactions measured in nuclei isolated from cells infected with adenovirus 2 or 12 were stimulated at about the same time; a rapid loss of polymerase activity followed. The augmentation of the two RNA polymerase reactions found in adenovirus 12-infected cells was independent of protein synthesis. After the initial increase, the acetylation rate of histones of cells infected with adenovirus 2 or 12 declined, until late in infection it was approximately 40 to 70% of the control cell rate.


Abnormal motor nerve excitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.


An investigation into the occurrence of overripeness ovopathy in the normal populatiņ.


Rubella and abortion laws.

Rubella and abortion laws.


Autoxidation of dimethisterone.

Autoxidation of dimethisterone.


Effect of estradion on hyaluronic acid in the skin of aging mice.


Measurement of plasma dihydrotestosterone by competitive protein-binding analysis.


Metabolic effects of commercial beta-glucuronidase preparations on estrogens.


The metabolism of testosterone by early chick embryonic blastoderm.


O-methylation of estrogens by thermal degradation of their tetramethylammonium salts.


Synthesis of analogs of alpha-ecdysone. A simplified synthesis of 2-beta, 3-beta, 14-alpha-trihydroxy-7-en-6-one-5-beta-steroids.


Complications of total thyroidectomy for carcinoma.


Surgical management of cutaneous lye burns.


Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension after occlusion of cerebral arteries.


Bone reaction to varying amounts of direct current.


Roentgenographic evaluation of traumatic rupture of the aorta.


Experimental pancreatitis intensified by a high fat diet.


Total circulating albumin deficits occurring with extensive surgical procedures.


Liver scans after primary treatment of tumors in children.


Epidermoid carcinoma of the anorectum.

Epidermoid carcinoma of the anorectum.


Intravascular persistence, tissue storage, and excretion of hydroxyethyl starch.


The management of patients undergoing bilateral nephrectomy.


Abdominal aneurysms and prosthetic grafts.


Safeguards in the surgical approach to spontaneous internal biliary fistula.


Efficiency of peritoneal drainage.

Efficiency of peritoneal drainage.


Toxicologic studies on diethyl-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-chlorovinyl phosphate.


Convulsions induced by 2-N-Di-n-butylaminoethanol.


The anti-inflammatory effect of benzydamine.


A condensed format for reporting toxicologic data--results of studies on glycopyrrolate.


The distribution and excretion of zinc bacitracin-14C in rats and swine.


Alteration of thiopental metabolism in phenobarbital-treated calves.


Induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by herban, diuron, and other substituted urea herbicides.


In vivo metabolism of ethyl-1-14C-N,N-Di-n-propyl-thiolcarbamate in rats.


Toxicity and oncogenicity of nitrosomethylaniline and nitrosomethylcyclohexylamine.


Effects of rubratoxin B on liver composition and metabolism in the mouse.


Chronic toxicity of azathioprine and the effect of this immunosuppressant on liver tumor induction by the carcinogen N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide.


Glycogenolytic effects of oxotremorine.

Glycogenolytic effects of oxotremorine.


An exploration of joint toxic action. II. Equitoxic versus equivolume mixtures.


The effect of environmental and dietary stress on the concentration of 1,1-Bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane in rats.


Toxicity of 6-azauridine triacetate.

Toxicity of 6-azauridine triacetate.


Liver changes in mice treated with lichen polysaccharides.


The experimental production and evaluation of drug-induced phototoxicity in swine.


Stunted pigs from sows fed crude aflatoxins.


Teratogenicity of cyclohexylamine in mammals.


The influence of ocular instillation of phosphate buffer on intraocular pressure in rabbits.


[Renal and mammary excretion of trimethoprim in goats].


The metabolism of DNOC in sheep.

The metabolism of DNOC in sheep.


Veterinary education and practice.

Veterinary education and practice.


Experimentally induced acute stress syndrome in Pietrain pigs.


Homocytotropic antibodies demonstrated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in calves.


Partnerships: some financial considerations. 1. Estate duty and other taxation.


Response of chicken vaccinated with live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine to killed Newcastle disease vaccine.


Partnerships: some financial considerations. 2. Taking the risks out of partnership.


Evolutionary morphology of the caecilian urogenital system. II. The kidneys agd urogenital ducts.


The statical function of some crural muscles in the horse.


Fine structure of mast cells in the central nervous system of the hedgehog.


The musculature of the upper urinary tract.


Socio-cultural aspects of alcoholism.

Socio-cultural aspects of alcoholism.


Native affairs program of the Alaska Area Native Health Service.


Practical considerations in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma.


Exposure of the esophageal hiatus.

Exposure of the esophageal hiatus.


Hippocrates revisited.

Hippocrates revisited.


We have a great profession. Can we keep it?


Urinary screening tests to detect metabolic disorders.


Urinary screening and the "population at risk".


Cerebral blood flow during and after hyperventilation.


Evaluation of cerebrovascular disease. A new method, combining electroencephalograms, carotid compression, and plethysmography.


Cerebrospinal fluid and cranial sinus pressures. Relationship in normal and hydrocephalic cats.


Congenital hyperammonemia. Association with hyperglycinemia and decreased levels of carbamyl phosphate synthetase.


Multiple sclerosis in Mexico. An epidemiologic study.


Multiple sclerosis: twenty years on low fat diet.


Periventricular water content. Effect of pressure in experimental chronic hydrocephalus.


Intestinal ischemia, a continuing problem.


Iliofemoral venous thrombosis.

Iliofemoral venous thrombosis.


Fatty acid synthesis in heart.

Fatty acid synthesis in heart.


Lipolytic esterase activity of adipose tissue from mice with three types of hereditary obesity.


The biosynthesis of plasmalogens from labeled O-alkylglycerols in Ehrlich ascites cells.


Effects of ethanol on free coenzyme A, free carnitine and their fatty acid esters in rat liver.


Equilibrium banding of low-density lipoproteins. 3. Studies on normal individuals and the effects of diet and heparin-induced lipase.


Induction of the hepatic synthesis of beta-lipoproteins by high concentrations of fatty acids. Effect of actinomycin D.


The subcellular distribution of triglyceride synthetase in the intestinal mucosa.


Long-chain bases in the sphingomyelins of bovine serum.


The incorporation of cyclopropane fatty acids by essential fatty acid-deficient rats.


A few anomalies.

A few anomalies.


Biomedical engineering in Scotland.

Biomedical engineering in Scotland.


Frequency analysis of doppler-shift blood flow signals by a band-pass filter: preliminary report.


The effects of sterilising processes on plastics.


Fault-finding in electronic equipment.

Fault-finding in electronic equipment.


Ultrasonic doppler methods in blood flow studies.


Mass transfer in the cornea. I. Interacting ion flows in an arbitrarily charged membrane. The formalisms of irreversible thermodynamics are used to describe multi-ionic nonconvective flow through an arbitrarily charged membrane. Interactions between oppositely charged ions are included and are measured by a single phenomenological coefficient. The consequent generalized Nernst-Planck flux equations are integrated to yield a relation between the species fluxes and the composition of the solutions bounding the membrane. It is assumed in the derivation that activity coefficient gradients within the membrane and direct interactions between ions of like charge are negligible. Some special cases are examined. To illustrate the use of the final equations, a single membrane separating solutions of differing composition is modeled, and the effect of ion-ion interactions on the membrane potential and the ion fluxes is demonstrated for several values of diffusion current density and membrane charge density.


A dipole model for negative steady-state resistance in excitable membranes. A dipole model is presented for ion flow in excitable membranes. This model considers the membrane to be composed of two distinct regions: a polar region and a nonpolar region. Further, the construction of an electrodiffusive formalism which takes explicit account of the energy of partition required by an ion for passage from external fluid to nonpolar region is presented. In the polar region a cooperative effect is considered which produces a configurational transition of the polar group dependent only on membrane voltage. A resulting change in voltage drop across the polar group is brought about by this configurational transition. This gives rise to a negative steady-state resistance for the equimolar case, in reasonable agreement with observation. The theory, in addition, is in reasonable accord with nonequimolar ion flow, and provides an explanation for such effects as the following: the intercept of the voltage-current characteristic, the ion membrane concentrations inferred from electrodiffusion theories, and the effects of polyvalent cations


Simulation of electrical interaction of cardiac cells. A model of the electrical activity of excitable membrane was used to simulate action potential propagation in cardiac cells. Using an implicit method for solving finite difference equations, propagation through the intercalated disc region between two abutting cells was studied. A model of interaction was constructed and parameters of the cellular junction determined. Estimates of the intercalated disc resistance were then made from these junction parameters using a field analysis of the junction. Values of approximately 4 Omega-cm(2) were found and correlate well with experimentally measured values.


The potential in the gap between two abutting cardiac muscle cells. A closed solution. An approximate differential equation is developed describing the potential in the gap (intercalated disc) between two closely abutting, coaxial cylindrical cardiac muscle cells. This permits approximate calculation of the degree of current spread from an active to an inactive cell. The equation has a closed solution in terms of the zero-order Bessel function I(0)(x). This result is different from one given by Woodbury and Crill (1961). The source of the original mistake is given and the magnitude of the error estimated. The new solution is compared with the exact, series solution to this problem given by Heppner and Plonsey (1970) in the preceding paper. It is shown analytically that our approximate solution differs negligibly from the series solution for the parameter values chosen. The closed solution not only considerably simplifies calculations but yields additional insights into the nature of the coupling resistances R and r used by Heppner and Plonsey in their detailed analysis of the cell-to-cell transmission process.


Electrical characteristics of sphingomyelin bilayer membranes. Current-voltage characteristics and the conductivity temperature dependence of sphingomyelin bilayer membranes have been determined. The resistances were of the order of 10(8) Omega-cm(2) and exhibited ohmic behavior up to approximately 25 mv followed by increasing conductivity with applied voltage. The current is found to be proportional to a hyperbolic sine function of the voltage. The temperature dependence indicates a thermally activated conduction mechanism. The observed behavior closely follows a kinetic model involving a barrier modified by the applied electric field, the rate-limiting process being the surmounting of the barrier by the impinging ions. The model allows predictions to be made over a wide range of conditions.


Solutions to axon equations.

Solutions to axon equations. The solutions to a general class of axon partial differential equations proposed by FitzHugh which includes the Hodgkin-Huxley equations are studied. It is shown that solutions to the partial differential equations are exactly the solutions to a related set of integral equations. An iterative procedure for constructing the solutions based on standard methods for ordinary differential equations is given and each set of initial values is shown to lead to a unique solution. Continuous dependence of the solutions on the initial values is established and solutions with initial values in a restricted (physiological) range are shown to remain in that range for all time. The iterative procedure is not suggested as the basis for numerical integration.


Some symmetry considerations in the one-dimensional myelin lattice.


Electrical properties of phospholipid vesicles. The capacitance of the membrane of phospholipid vesicles and the electrical properties of the vesicle interior have been determined. To this end the electrical properties of phospholipid vesicles have been investigated over a frequency range extending from 1 kHz to 100 MHz. The dielectric behavior is characterized by two dispersions, one placed between 1 kHz and 1 MHz and the other between 1 and 100 MHz. The relaxational behavior at low frequencies is explained by counterion movement tangential to the vesicle surface and a reasonable value for the fixed charge of the vesicles is calculated from the dispersion magnitude. The relaxation at high frequencies is of the Maxwell-Wagner type and appears caused by the phospholipid bilayer bounding the interior phase of the vesicles. It is consistent with the existence of a closed bilayer with a capacitance of about 2 muF/cm(2) and an internal phase similar to the vesicle suspending medium. There is no indication of other than normally structured water inside the small vesicles.


Reply to "Some symmetry considerations in the one-dimensional myelin lattice" by Albert Hybl.


Nerve radiation and the dipole model.

Nerve radiation and the dipole model.


The composition of calculi from patients with alcaptonuria.


The possible use of methylene blue in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria.


The predominance of right renal and ureteric pyelographic changes in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.


Calyceal obstruction due to parapelvic cyst.


A case of hypernephroma metastasis to the vagina.


Surgical revision of the incompetent ureterovesical junction: a critical analysis of techniques and requirements.


The effect of osmotic diuresis on the radio-isotope renogram in ureteric obstruction.


The rectosigmoid bladder for urinary diversion.


Lower ureteric obstruction in children.

Lower ureteric obstruction in children.


Electron microscopy of the lower ureter in man.


Cystitis glandularis--case report.

Cystitis glandularis--case report.


The use of Lasix (frusemide) in the prevention of urinary infection following prostatectomy.


The electrical activity of the paraurethral and perineal muscles in normal and pathological conditions.


Normal ejaculation after Y-V urethrocystoplasty.


Urinary manometry in spinal cord injury patients--preliminary report.


Preliminary studies of zinc metabolism in carcinoma of the prostate gland.


Ileo-urethroplasty.

Ileo-urethroplasty.


Urological sarong.

Urological sarong.


Diphallia. Report of a case.

Diphallia. Report of a case.


Attachment of community nurses to general practices. A follow-up study. A follow-up survey has shown that in a two-year period the number of community nurses working in general practice attachment schemes rose from 11 to 24% (32% in counties, 13% in county boroughs, and 12% in London boroughs). The proportion of health visitors and home nurses rose from 15 to 29% and from 9 to 25% respectively. Reasons given for the 23 attachment schemes which were discontinued included administrative and personality problems. Careful preparation and continuing support, for both the general practitioners and the community nurses, are stressed for the success of these schemes.


Assessment of Birmingham medical students. At Birmingham University since 1966 the major medical examinations began to be replaced by a process of continuous assessment. This is based on fairly frequent tests, usually at the end of each course, including short essay questions, multiple-choice questions, and tests of ability in wards and laboratory. At the end of the first final-year course 96 students underwent assessment. Of these 77 passed; 19 were referred for re-examination, of whom a further 12 passed subsequently. The scheme was found suitable by both teachers and external examiners.


Attitudes to psychiatry in the general hospital. A survey of consultant attitudes to psychiatry in six general hospitals is presented and compared with reported findings in general practitioners and medical students.Psychological factors were accepted as important in a variety of medical conditions. Different specialties differed little in their attitudes to neurotic patients and to psychiatrists, younger consultants tending to be more critical. Consultants had a lower level of neuroticism than the general population and medical students, and physicians were less extraverted than surgeons; these personality factors were not related to expressed attitudes.The results suggest that other specialties accept the role of psychiatry, and its integration into the general hospital is not likely to meet with antagonism.


Paraquat toxicity.

Paraquat toxicity.


Clofibrate, fibrinolysis, and platelet stickiness.


Cholera in Britain.

Cholera in Britain.


Emphysema in coalworkers.

Emphysema in coalworkers.


House-dust and asthma.

House-dust and asthma.


Dentistry, herpes zoster, and varicella.


Suggestion for tetanus prophylaxis.

Suggestion for tetanus prophylaxis.


Priapism and phenothiazines.

Priapism and phenothiazines.


Serological diagnosis of rubella.

Serological diagnosis of rubella.


Life in flats.

Life in flats.


Medical students and smoking.

Medical students and smoking.


Drugs and enzymes.

Drugs and enzymes.


Jet vaccination.

Jet vaccination.


Recurrent abdominal pain in children.

Recurrent abdominal pain in children.


Intermittent chemotherapy for tuberculosis.


Accident and emergency services.

Accident and emergency services.


Disturbance of calcium metabolism by anticonvulsant drugs. A survey of calcium metabolism in epileptic patients in a residential centre showed a subnormal serum calcium level in 22.5% of patients and a raised alkaline phosphatase in 29%. Hypocalcaemia was related to high dosage of anticonvulsant drugs, to multiple drug therapy, and to the use of individual anticonvulsant drugs in the following order, with decreasing order of importance: pheneturide, primidone, phenytoin, phenobarbitone. Subnormal serum calcium levels occurred more commonly in patients with a raised liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme than in those whose phosphatase was mainly of bone origin.Preliminary results of treatment with calciferol suggested that the disturbance of calcium metabolism was the result of vitamin D deficiency. It is possible that anticonvulsant drugs accelerate the breakdown of vitamin D by liver enzyme induction.


Computer-held clinical record system. I. Description of system. An account of a computer system for clinical record, storage, and retrieval is presented. Some details of its design and implementation are described.


Computer-held clinical record system. II. Assessment. A real-time medical recording system installed in two general medical wards has proved to be unacceptable to many of the ward staff. Reasons for this include operational problems, such as the impossibility of providing a 24-hour service, and conceptual problems, such as the difficulty of adapting the method for recording case histories. It is suggested that an outpatient department might have been a better site for this trial, and that deliberate instruction in medical recording should be given to students as a prerequisite to successful computer record keeping.


Chromosome aberrations induced by an ultrasonic fetal pulse detector. Human blood cultures were exposed to ultrasound from an ultrasonic fetal heart detector for periods of one and two hours. Considerable increases in the number of chromosome aberrations over control values were found.


Placental transfer of an IgG paraprotein associated with prolonged immunosuppression.


Malabsorption of dietary folate (Pteroylpolyglutamates) in adult coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Tests of absorption of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) and of dietary folates (pteroylpolyglutamates) were performed in 10 patients with untreated adult coeliac disease, five with dermatitis herpetiformis, and three with nutritional folate deficiency. Absorption of pteroylglutamic acid was impaired in eight patients with coeliac disease and in two with dermatitis herpetiformis. Absorption of pteroylpolyglutamates was impaired in all 10 coeliac patients and in four of the five patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Absorption of both forms of folate was normal in all three patients with nutritional folate deficiency.


Isotopic and radiological investigation of renal function for hypertension.


Response of newt larvae to x-irradiation.


Reversal of malathion-induced teratisms and its biochemical implications in the developing chick.


Resistance of mice to Toxocara canis: effect of prechallenge infections and injections of worm extracts.


A histological and histochemical study of the development of the amnioallantois in the chick, Gallus domesticus.


The in vitro cultivation of Hymenolepis microstoma from cysticercoid to egg-producing adult.


Development of trypanosomes of the T. avium complex in the invertebrate host.


A rickettsialike microorganism in Dahlbominus fuscipennis (Zett.) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae): observations on its occurrence and ultrastructure.


Studies on metabolism of 3-deoxysteroids. IV. Synthesis of 2,17-oxygenated 5-dehydro- and 5 beta-androstanes.


The inductive effect of mepirizole on the drug metabolizing enzymes of rat liver.


The metabolic fate of 1-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-3-methyl-5-methoxypyrazole (mepirizole, DA-398) in rats and rabbits.


Acidic polysaccharides from the cell wall of Absidia cylindrospora, Mucor mucedo, and Rhizopus nigricans.


Feasibility of gas chromatography for ultra-micro analysis of aluminum in biological materials.


Psychiatric aspects of extreme environmental stress.


The use of cyclazocine in the treatment of heroin addicts.


Differences in auditory sensitivity of chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls determined by use of a forced-choice procedure.


Clinical correlates of sociopathy in childhood.


Serum vitamin B.12 values in psychiatric in-patients.


Induced fit in yeast hexokinase.

Induced fit in yeast hexokinase.


Specific inactivation of yeast hexokinase induced by xylose in the presence of a phosphoryl donor substrate.


The kinetics of yeast hexokinase in the light of the induced fit involved in the binding of its sugar substrate.


Chorismate mutase from Euglena gracilis. Purification and regulatory properties.


Steroids in germfree and conventional rats. Steroids in the mono- and disulphate fractions of faeces from female rats.


Steroids in germfree and conventional rats. Unconjugated metabolites of [4-14C]pregnenolone and [4-14C]corticosterone in faeces from female rats.


Excretion of steroid hormones in adults. Steroids in urine from a pregnant woman.


The identification of 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose as a constituent in lipopolysaccharides of four Citrobacter species.


The influence of growth rate and retardation on the nucleic acid and nitrogen concentration in skeletal muscles and whole body composition of the mouse.


Purification of ornithine carbamoyltransferase from Halobacterium salinarium.


Body composition of growing rats as influenced by source of non-protein calories.


Growth of nodular carcinomas in rodents compared with multi-cell spheroids in tissue culture.


The density of bones in the fetal skeleton.


Fitting growth and research data.

Fitting growth and research data.


Correlation of plasma hormone levels with growth and carcass characteristics of cattle.


The influence of auxin on bacterial tumor morphology at tomato plant nodes.


Serum proteins and lymphoid tissues in germ-free mice fed a chemically defined, water soluble, low molecular weight diet.


The immunosuppressive activity of adamantoyl cytarabine. 3. Immunosuppressive specificity in rats.


Rate of antigen catabolism and immunogenicity of [131-I]BGG in mice. II. Immunogenicity of [131-I]BGG and adjuvant action after alteration of the metabolic rate by various means.


Antigenic specificities of bursal and thymic lymphocytes in the chicken.


Studies on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat with disodium cromoglycate. I. Cutaneous reactions induced by an anti-DNP 7S-gamma-2 antibody.


Nutritional status of rural preschool children around Jabalpur. I. Anthropometric observations.


Enhancement of rabbit homologous skin sensitization by chemical modification of anti-DNP antibody.


Serum electrolyte, renal function and blood volume alterations associated with congestive heart failure in children.


A study of gestational age and birth weight.


In vitro aggregation of human blood cells in tuberculin allergy.


Brain weight and head circumference in fetus, infant and children of different nutritional and socio-economic groups.


The role of prostaglandin E1 in inflammatory process in the rat.


Studies on the lymphocytes in the intestinal epithelium of the chicken. 3. Effect of thymectomy.


Macrophage cytophilic antibody in mice. The relationship between the adherence of antigen to macrophages mediated by macrophage-cytophilic antibodies and opsonic adherence antibodies.


Transformation of blood lymphocytes in ataxia telangiectasia. Dose and time response to phytohemagglutinin.


The influence of adjuvants on antibody production and anaphylactic hypersensitivity in the guinea pig.


Studies on chemotaxis. Effect of subcellular leukocyte fractions on neutrophils and macrophages.


The immunogenicity and tolerance-inducing ability of soluble extracts of sheep red blood cell membranes.


Acute myocardial infarction in the aged: prognosis and management.


Management of hypertension--further sodium and potassium studies.


Implantable transvenous cardiac pacemakers: indications, complications and management.


"Optometry--vision care--health: a prognosis".


Periarticular calcification in a hemiplegic limb--a rare complication of a stroke.


Governmental agencies and publicly funded health care.


Osmotic pressure of the tears during adaptation to contact lenses.


Contact lenses worn during sleep and rest periods.


Optometric education and manpower.

Optometric education and manpower.


On the clinical significances of C and the Po-C ratio.


Electron microscopic studies of wallerian degeneration in rat optic nerves. II. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and adventitial cells.


Effect of a single injection of chlorpromazine into infant male rats on subsequent gonadotrophin secretion.


Excretion of antidiuretic activity in the urine of cats and rats after administration of the synthetic hormonogen, N alpha-glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]-vasopressin (triglycylvasopressin).


The effect of salt loading on the pituitary prolactin levels of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and juvenile herring or lesser black-backed gulls (Larus argentatus or Larus fuscus).


Tissue distribution of calcitonin in the rat: comparison with parathyroid hormone.


Hydrotestosterone in testicular tissue, and its androgenic potency in vivo.


Interrelationship of the effects of aldosterone and thyroid hormones on sodium transport and electrical properties of rat colon.


Enterohepatic circulation of biliary [14-14C] progesterone metabolites in the rabbit.


The development of a radioimmunoassay for oxytocin: the extraction of oxytocin from plasma, and its measurement during parturition in human and goat blood.


Ovarian follicular activity in late pregnancy.


Maintenance of pregnancy relative to the presence of few embryos in the rabbit.


The plasma growth hormone concentration of the foetal lamb.


The effect of autonomic blocking agents on vasopressin release in vivo induced by osmoreceptor stimulation.


Effect of 5-methoxytryptophol and melatonin on uterine weight responses to human chorionic gonadotrophin.


Transmaternal influence of the environment in determining age of vaginal canalization of female offspring in the rat.


The effect of testosterone treatment on the uptake of [3H] oestradiol-17 beta by dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumours.


The effect of kidney ligation on the release of plasma free fatty acids following the injection of growth hormone.


The rate of elimination of prolactin as a determinant factor for plasma levels assayed in rats.


Lack of antidiuretic response to osmotic stimuli in the early stages of a water diuresis in sheep.


A contribution to the psychopathology of shoplifting.


A study of four hundred and thirty-five court-referred cases.


Retention indices for compound identification by gas chromatography.


Forensic science: profession or trade? The search for a unifying concept.


A comparative analysis of dichroic filter viewing, reflected infrared and infrared luminescence applied to ink differentiation problems.


A general method for assessing factors controlling postmortem cooling.


Extrusion of brain into stomach: report of a case.


A simple method for the quantitative determination of propoxyphene in plasma.


Injury by birdshot.

Injury by birdshot.


A comparison and evaluation of techniques for identification of synthetic fibers.


Determination of strychnine in biological materials by gas chromatography.


Gold content of tissue material in a suicide by gold-bearing (KCN) plating solution.


Herman Beerman Lecture. Some thoughts on embryonic inductions in relation to determination.


The uptake of labeled vitamin A acid in keratoacanthoma. An electron microscopic radioautography study.


The mechanical properties of hair. I. The dynamic sonic modulus.


Ultrastructure of the epidermal melanocyte dense plate.


Variations in lipid composition at different depths in the cow snout epidermis.


Evaluation of the symmetry of sweating on the back.


In vitro studies on granulomatous hypersensitivity to beryllium.


Radiotherapy of cancer of the larynx.

Radiotherapy of cancer of the larynx.


Local application of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (E.A.C.A.) in the prevention of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy.


The inheritance of otosclerosis.

The inheritance of otosclerosis.


Extramedullary plasmacytoma of upper respiratory tract.


Oculomotor micro-oscillations and the speed of the slow phase of nystagmus.


Delayed conductive deafness.

Delayed conductive deafness.


Carcinoma of frontal sinus.

Carcinoma of frontal sinus.


Multifocal chondroma of neck.

Multifocal chondroma of neck.


Choanal polyp.

Choanal polyp.


Solitary plasmacytoma larynx.

Solitary plasmacytoma larynx.


A self-retaining retractor for transmaxillary surgery.


Verbal anxiety and the beta adrenergic receptors: a facilitating mechanism?


Purification and characterstics of RNase inhibitor from pig cerebral cortex.


Enzymatic fluorometric determination of acetylcholine in biological extracts.


The metabolism in vivo of glycine and serine in eight areas of the rat central nervous system.


Binding of d-[dimethyl-14C]tubocurarine, acetylcholinesterase and proteolipids in subcellular membranes of cerebral cortex of the developing rat.


Alanine metabolism in rat cortex in vitro.


Protein synthesis in visual cells of Limulus.


The effect of denervation on the composition of muscle gangliosides.


Developmental and regional variations in ribonuclease inhibitor activity in brain.


Analysis of the structure of two gangliosides which accumulate in the brain in Niemann-Pick disease.


Observations on the short-term effects of chloroquine on skeletal muscle. An experimental study in the rabbit.


Water, electrolytes and epilepsy.

Water, electrolytes and epilepsy.


The Ryukyuan muscular atrophy. An obscure heritable neuromuscular disease found in the islands of southern Japan.


Clinical neurological aspects of familial dysautonomia.


Hypomyelination in the quaking mouse. A model for the analysis of disturbed myelin formation.


Light and electron microscopic observations on Rosenthal fibers in Alexander's disease and in multiple sclerosis.


Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: a light and electron microscope study of remyelination and "sclerosis" in vitro.


Studies on lymphocyte transformation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.


Neonatal cerebellar medulloblastoma originating from the fetal external granular layer.


Histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical studies of a case with leukodystrophy due to congenital deficiency of myelin.


The effect of phenol on peripheral nerve. A histological and electrophysiological study.


Vascular insufficiency and differential distortion of brain and cord caused by cervicomedullary football injuries.


Effects of local pressure on cortical electrical activity and cortical vessels in the dog.


Paralysis of both arms from injury of the upper portion of the pyramidal decussation: "cruciate paralysis".


Effects of temporary occlusion of a vertebral artery on the human vestibular system.


Ventricular size and chronic increased intracranial venous pressure in the dog.


The size of intracranial saccular aneurysms. An autopsy study.


Ependymomas. A clinical survey.

Ependymomas. A clinical survey.


Tumors of the optic nerve and optic chiasm.


Acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis. Treatment with corticosteroids and dehydrating agents.


Recurrence of an excised cavernous hemangioma in the opposite cerebral hemisphere. Case report.


Intramedullary hydatid cyst. Case report.


Unusual heart sounds associated with venous air embolism. Case report.


Solitary plasmacytoma in the cranial cavity. Case report.


Thermodynamic analysis of structure-activity relationships of drugs. Prediction of optimal structure.


Metal complexes of thiouracils. I. Stability constants by potentiometric titration studies and structures of complexes.


In vitro release of chloramphenicol from polymer beads of alpha-methacrylic acid and methylmethacrylate.


Micellar solubilization of barbiturates. II. Solubilities of certain barbiturates in polyoxyethylene stearates of varying hydrophilic chain length.


Potential antiarrhythmic agents. II. Effects of amide reversal and ortho-methylation on activity of procaine amide.


In vivo evaluation of absorption and excretion of pentylenetetrazol-10-14C from sustained-release and nonsustained-release tablets.


Permeability of double-layer films. 3.

Permeability of double-layer films. 3.


Isolation of diphenyl-substituted tetronic acids from cultures of Paxillus atrotomentosus.


Application of clearance and volume of distribution to the plateau principle of drugs.


Application of molecular sieve technique in solubilization studies of benzoic acid in solutions of cetomacrogol 1000.


Some factors affecting release and availability of drugs from hard gelatin capsules.


Factors influencing solvolysis of corticosteroid-21-phosphate esters.


Solute fluxes in fat absorption.

Solute fluxes in fat absorption.


Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. VI. Effects of substitution on inhibitory activity of 6(or 8)-substituted beta-carbolines.


Biosynthesis of deuterated benzylpenicillins. I. Solvent deuterium oxide participation.


Interaction of hexachlorophene with human epidermis. I. In vivo bioelectrometric study of pH influence.


Adsorption of methylene blue by potato starch. Effect of methanol, dioxane, sucrose, and urea in aqueous systems.


Spectrophotometric determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in an antiallergic cream.


Separation and determination of anhydrotetracycline, 4-epianhydrotetracycline, tetracycline, and 4-epitetracycline in a tetracycline mixture.


Spectrophotometric assay of potassium permanganate tablets (USP XVII).


Quantitative separation of free estrogens by liquid partition chromatography.


Factors affecting dose variation in meter valves.


Bentonite-cellulose systems. Flow behavior of mixed dispersions and mechanical properties of composite films.


Cautions regarding the physical interpretation of statistically based structure-activity relationships.


Solubilization of some steroid hormones in aqueous solutions of bile salts.


Alkaloids of tyliphora. I. Isolation of six new alkaloids.


Use of tetraphenylethylene in quantitative GLC of hyoscyamine and socopolamine.


Effect of micelle formation on optical rotatory dispersion of beta-D-octyl glucoside.


2-amino-2-oxazoline formation by cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-2-thiopseudoureas.


New compounds. Some 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl analogs of analgesics.


Lidocaine. Evidence for the trans-configuration.


Macromolecular dissolution. Temperature effects on polymer-drug preparation.


Identification of p-nitrophenyl glucoside as a urinary metabolite.


Total synthesis of (plus or minus)-bisnorargemonine.


Improved method for measuring output potential of specific ion electrodes.


Interaction of lysosome-like structures and phagosomes in normal and granulomatous alveolar macrophages.


The influence of colloidal carbon on hemagglutinin production in the toad, Xenopus laevis.


Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in human subjects.


The effects of laminarin, sulfated glucan and oligosaccharides of glucan on reticuloendothelial activity.


Hyperglycemic nonketotic coma in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone in radioimmunoassay techniques. The assay of insulin.


Stereochemistry of enzyjme reactions at prochiral centers.


The identity of juvenile hormone produced by Corpora allata in vitro.


Effect of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine on the x-ray induced chromosomal lesions in Vicia faba.


Experiments concerning the cancellation theory of visual direction constancy.


Postsynaptic disinhibition by ammonium.

Postsynaptic disinhibition by ammonium.


Rifamycin SV: effect on RNA synthesis in meristematic cells of Allium cepa.


A sex dependent effect of aldosterone on frog bladder.


Unusual cardiac aneurysms in Nigeria.

Unusual cardiac aneurysms in Nigeria.


Cobalt cardiomyopathy. Experimental basis for the human lesion.


Scorpion venom cardiomyopathy.

Scorpion venom cardiomyopathy.


Myocardiopathy in familial hemochromatosis.


Present concepts of the pathology and pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema.


The diagnosis of emphysema.

The diagnosis of emphysema.


Mechanical properties of excised human emphysematous lungs. Methods of measurement, results, and conclusions.


Cor pulmonale in emphysema.

Cor pulmonale in emphysema.


Emphysema in Edinburgh.

Emphysema in Edinburgh.


Pulmonary emphysema in Japan.

Pulmonary emphysema in Japan.


Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (CBE). A survey of patients referred to a Centre for Prevention of Lung Diseases (Jerusalem, 1966-1967).


Histopathology and mechanical properties of the lung in experimental emphysema.


Cancer in Iran. Statistical review on 28,000 cases.


Gallbladder carcinoma in the Mexican population of the Southwestern United States.


A comparison of some epidemiological aspects of cervical and endometrial carcinoma.


Geographic and ethnic differences in incidence of the pregnancy toxemias.


Bronchial epithelial alterations and pulmonary neoplasia induced by ozone.


The geographical distribution of endomyocardial fibrosis.


The prognosis in idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Jamaica.


Idiopathic myocardiopathy and allied cardiac diseases in Japan.


Medical geography--a geographer's viewpoint.


Löffler's fibroplastic parietal endocarditis, eosinophilic leukemia, and Davies' endomyocardial fibrosis: the same disease at different stages?


The heart in chronic alcoholism. Clinical and pathologic findings.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation. How often have you missed it?


Fetal infection via the amniotic fluid.

Fetal infection via the amniotic fluid.


Amniotic fluid embolism with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.


Prophylactic versus therapeutic oophorectomy in stage 1 and 2 breast cancer in Utah.


Problems of rubella vaccination in adult women.


The problem of uterine cervical carcinoma in Singapore and West Malaysia.


Acute myocardial infarction without coronary care.


Hyperosmolar state associated with hyperglycaemia. Report of four cases.


The susceptibility of 44 strains of Shigellae to eleven anti-microbial agents.


Some observations on the diagnosis of early cervical carcinoma by cytology, colposcopy and histopathology.


Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) in a Chinese family.


Decamethonium in anaesthesia for caesarean section.


Gastric and intestinal biopsy: experience with the Crosby capsule.


Hypoventilation complicating chronic bronchitis.


Primary systemic amyloidosis presented as a diagnostic problem in one case.


Chondrosarcoma of bone. A case report.

Chondrosarcoma of bone. A case report.


Treatment of experimental Fasciola hepatica infection of sheep with rafoxanide.


The effect of a mastitis control system on levels of subclinical and clinical mastitis in two years.


A quantitative study of vestibular adaptation in humans.


Pilocarpine as a diagnostic aid in the scintillography of sialopathies.


Further studies on the relationship between Menière, psychosomatic constitution and stress.


Perstimulatory suprathreshold adaptation. II. Conductive deafness.


Amplitude of evoked responses to tones of high intensity.


Bony fixation of the malleus and incus.

Bony fixation of the malleus and incus.


Contraction times and fibre types in intact human muscle.


Sodium transport and D.C. resistance in the isolated toad skin in relation to shedding of the stratum corneum.


Morphogenesis of myoneural junctions induced postnatally in the tibialis anterior muscle of the rat.


Temperature regulation during exercise dehydration in man.


Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro.


Chylomicron size and its relation to the composition of dietary fat in the rat.


Estimation of ionic concentrations and intracellular pH in slices from different areas of rat brain.


Transport of glucose, sodium, chloride and potassium between the cerebral ventricles and surrounding tissues in cats.


Release and uptake of dopamine in isolated granules from a human carotid body tumour.


Incorporation and disappearance of sulfate in different regions of mouse and rat costal cartilage in vivo and in vitro.


Dilatation of a medium-sized artery immediately after local changes of blood pressure and flow as measured by ultrasonic technique.


Effects of vasoactive drugs on circulation in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue.


Porcine salmonellosis. I. Gross and microscopic changes in experimentally infected animals.


Porcine salmonellosis. II. Production of the generalized Shwartzman reaction by intravenous injections of disintegrated cells of salmonella cholerae-suis.


Differences in renal clearances measured in Danish pigs.


The vitamin E-deficiency syndrome in pigs. I. Pathological changes.


Vesical hemorrhages in male aleutian mink caused by hypersensitivity to sulphadimidine.


A new porcine mycoplasma species: mycoplasma suidaniae.


Method for the inactivation of virus on semen straws.


Factors affecting personnel utilization.


The effect of whole body x-irradiation on delayed hypersensitivity in the rat.


The cognitive-media approach in occupational therapy.


The dilemma of graduate education in occupational therapy.


Metabolism of 5HT by isolated perfused normal and cirrhotic rat livers.


The effect of dietary cirrhosis on the enzymes of 5HT inactivation in the rat.


The community-junior college: challenges to occupational therapy education.


The interscapular brown adipose tissue during cold acclimatization in mice and its role in heat production.


Application of fingernail hooks in splinting of burned hands.


Blood transketolase in assessment of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics.


Drug metabolism by liver microsomes after partial hepatectomy.


Quantitation of neutral steroid sulphates in the amniotic fluid of early and mid-pregnancy.


Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide of Hungarian children and adolescents.


A sling to prevent a subluxed shoulder.

A sling to prevent a subluxed shoulder.


Sulphonamide concentrations in urine during forced diuresis.


Research in occupational therapy. II. The hypothesis.


Reinforcement systems to support work behavior. The application of operant conditioning principles.


The characterization of undecaprenol of Lactobacillus plantarum. Evidence for the presence of undecaprenol in the unsaponifiable lipid of Lactobacillus plantarum (N.C.I.B. 6376) is presented. Characterization of the compound was based mainly on mass, i.r. and n.m.r. spectrometry. The prenol was isolated at a concentration of 40mug/g wet wt. of bacteria and contained over 90% (1.0-5.4% of the dose) of the (14)C present in the unsaponifiable lipid after incubation of the bacteria with [2-(14)C]mevalonate. N.m.r. spectrometry indicated the presence of two internal trans-, one alpha-cis- and seven internal cis-isoprene residues per molecule. The (3)H/(14)C ratios of the prenol after incubation of the bacteria with [2-(14)C,(4R)-4-(3)H(1)]- and [2-(14)C,(4S)-4-(3)H(1)]-mevalonate were in agreement with this stereochemistry. There was no evidence of saturated isoprene residues in the molecule. The undecaprenol appeared to be accompanied by much smaller quantities of decaprenol and nonaprenol.


The territorial instinct and its relevance to the occupational therapy process.


Oxidative phosphorylation. The specific binding of trimethyltin and triethyltin to rat liver mitochondria. 1. The binding of trimethyltin and triethyltin to rat liver mitochondria was determined and the results were analysed by the method of Scatchard (1949). 2. One binding site (site 1) has the correct characteristics for the site to which trimethyltin and triethyltin are attached when they inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. For each compound the concentration of site 1 is 0.8nmol/mg of protein and the ratios of their affinity constants are the same as the ratio of the concentrations inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. 3. Binding site 1 is present in a fraction derived from mitochondria containing only 15% of the original protein. In this preparation ultrasonication rapidly destroyed site 1. 4. Dimethyltin and diethyltin do not prevent binding of triethyltin to rat liver mitochondria, whereas triethyl-lead does. 5. Trimethyltin and triethyltin bind to mitochondria from brown adipose tissue and the results indicate a binding site 1 similar to that in rat liver mitochondria. 6. The advantages and limitations of this approach to the study of inhibitors are discussed.


Changes in the phosphorylation and thiol content of histones in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes.


Biosynthesis of 24-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-trien-3-beta-ol, a new sterol from Clerodendrum campbellii.


Detoxications in peripatus. Sulphate, phosphate and histidine conjugations. Phenols were detoxified in the Onycophoran Peripatoides novaezealandiae by conjugation with sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid, but no evidence for a glycoside detoxication could be found. [(14)C]Benzoic acid was metabolized in 24h to N(2)-benzoyl-l-histidine, which was identified by electrophoresis, chromatography and dilution analysis. Similar conjugates were formed with p-aminobenzoic acid and p-nitrobenzoic acid. In longer-duration experiments further unidentified metabolites were formed, two of which appeared to result from the further metabolism of the histidine conjugate.


Cerebral-cortex hexokinase. Comparison of properties of solubilized mitochondrial and cytoplasmic activities. 1. Cerebral-cortex mitochondria, after purification by using high-density sucrose solutions, were extracted with Triton X-100. The total hexokinase activity of the intact mitochondria was increased by 50-80% in the Triton extracts. 2. Triton X-100 was removed from mitochondrial extracts by a combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Mitochondrial hexokinase remained soluble after removal of extractant. 3. The behaviour of solubilized mitochondrial hexokinase was compared with soluble cytoplasmic hexokinase from the same samples of cerebral cortex on identical columns of DEAE-cellulose. Two peaks were eluted from each source of hexokinase. The distribution between hexokinase peaks was similar for the two sources. Peak I (approx. 80% of the total hexokinase) from each was eluted at identical concentrations of potassium chloride and slight differences were observed in the elution profiles for peak II. 4. The purified mitochondrial hexokinase showed the following kinetic properties: peak I, K(m)(ATP) 0.60mm, K(m)(glucose) 0.042mm; peak II, K(m)(ATP) 0.66mm, K(m)(glucose) 0.043mm. The purified cytoplasmic hexokinase Michaelis constants were: peak I, K(m)(ATP) 0.56mm, K(m)(glucose) 0.048mm; peak II, K(m)(ATP) 0.68mm, K(m)(glucose) 0.062mm. 5. Although no significant differences between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic hexokinases were noted in chromatographic behaviour or in the kinetic properties studied, the purified mitochondrial enzyme was activated slightly (approx. 20%) by Triton X-100, in contrast with the cytoplasmic enzyme, which was not affected. 6. The results, taken to indicate basic similarity between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic hexokinases, are discussed in relation to the role of the two sources of enzyme in the metabolism of the tissue.


A radiochemical assay for glutamine synthetase, and activity of the enzyme in rat tissues. 1. A radiochemical assay for glutamine synthetase has been developed in which an ATP-regenerating system is incorporated to prevent accumulation of inhibitory amounts of ADP. It is particularly suitable for assay of the enzyme in crude tissue extracts containing high adenosine triphosphatase activity. 2. A survey of the distribution of the enzyme in tissues from normal male rats showed that activity is present in liver, brain cortex, kidney cortex, spleen, testis and retina. 3. The K(m) of the enzyme for l-glutamate is approx. 1.5x10(-2)m.


Microbial growth on oxalate by a route not involving glyoxylate carboligase. 1. The metabolism of oxalate by the pink-pigmented organisms, Pseudomonas AM1, Pseudomonas AM2, Protaminobacter ruber and Pseudomonas extorquens has been compared with that of the non-pigmented Pseudomonas oxalaticus. 2. During growth on oxalate, all the organisms contain oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase, formate dehydrogenase and oxalyl-CoA reductase. This is consistent with oxidation of oxalate to carbon dioxide taking place via oxalyl-CoA, formyl-CoA and formate as intermediates, and also reduction of oxalate to glyoxylate taking place via oxalyl-CoA. 3. The pink-pigmented organisms, when grown on oxalate, contain l-serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and hydroxypyruvate reductase but do not contain glyoxylate carboligase. The converse of this obtains in oxalate-grown Ps. oxalaticus. This indicates that, in contrast with Ps. oxalaticus, synthesis of C(3) compounds from oxalate by the pink-pigmented organisms occurs by a variant of the ;serine pathway' used by Pseudomonas AM1 during growth on C(1) compounds. 4. Evidence in favour of this scheme is provided by the finding that a mutant of Pseudomonas AM1 that lacks hydroxypyruvate reductase is not able to grow on oxalate.


A preliminary crystallographic investigation of avidin. Avidin was crystallized in various forms from 3m-ammonium sulphate or sodium phosphate at pH5.2. X-ray-crystallographic analysis of crystals from phosphate showed them to be orthorhombic, space group C222, containing two molecules per unit cell and with a single subunit as the asymmetric unit. The formation of the complex with biotin did not affect the morphology of the crystals.


The effect of semicarbazide on the nature and stability of collagen fibrils. Semicarbazide affected both the final width and stability of fibrils reconstituted from solutions of acid-soluble collagen. Fibril width was increased after semicarbazide treatment at pH2.6 and 4.3, whereas after treatment at pH8.9 it decreased. Fibril stability was decreased after semicarbazide treatment at all values of pH and temperature, indicating the inhibition of intermolecular cross-linking. A direct binding of semicarbazide to the alphabeta-unsaturated aldehyde groups in the intramolecular cross-link was demonstrated.


Uptake of oestradiol by the rabbit hypothalamus. Specificity of binding by nuclei in vitro. The binding of [6,7-(3)H]oestradiol-17beta to subcellular fractions of the hypothalamus and the cerebellum of the rabbit was studied in vitro. Uptake of steroid was higher in hypothalamic nuclei than in cerebellar nuclei. Lower binding was observed in other fractions of both tissues. After dialysis of the fractions, hypothalamic nuclei retained a high percentage of oestradiol whereas cerebellar nuclei lost most of the bound steroid. Supernatant fractions of both tissues retained a significant proportion of label after dialysis and after gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. No specific binding was observed in these fractions when subjected to sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. Purification of nuclei followed by incubation with labelled oestradiol in the absence of the supernatant fraction resulted in loss of binding of steroid by hypothalamic nuclei. Incubation of the purified hypothalamic nuclei with supernatant fraction maintained the binding specificity of hormone retention.


A ribonuclease from human skeletal muscle. 1. A ribonuclease has been prepared from human muscle by ammonium sulphate fractionation, heat treatment and ion-exchange chromatography. 2. The enzyme degrades polycytidylic acid and polyuridylic acid to the nucleoside 3'-phosphates, with nucleoside 2':3'-cyclic phosphates as intermediates. Polyadenylic acid and polyguanylic acid are not attacked. 3. The enzyme has maximal activity at pH8.5. The molecular weight (by gel filtration) is between 11000 and 12000. It is relatively heat-stable. It exhibits optimum activity in a medium of high ionic strength, and is inhibited by several bivalent cations, particularly Zn(2+).


Preferential alkylation of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The reaction of the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea with mitochondrial DNA from various rat tissues was examined in vivo and in vitro. After incubation of isolated mitochondria or cell nuclei with N[(14)C]-methyl-N-nitrosourea in vitro and subsequent isolation and purification of the DNA the specific radioactivity of the mitochondrial DNA was 3-7 times that of the nuclear DNA. The incorporation of (14)C into embryonic mitochondrial DNA in vitro was about twice that into the liver mitochondrial DNA. Identical incorporation rates, however, were found for the reaction of isolated mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA respectively with N[(14)C]-methyl-N-nitrosourea. After intraperitoneal injection of 43.3-58.5mg of N[(14)C]-methyl-N-nitrosourea/kg body wt. to adult rats the labelling of the mitochondrial DNA was on average 5 times that of the nuclear DNA. A smaller specific labelling was observed for the ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mitochondrial RNA as well as for the mitochondrial protein as compared with the mitochondrial DNA. After hydrolysis of the alkylated nucleic acids with hydrochloric acid, fractionation was carried out on Dowex 50 cation-exchange columns. In most experiments 70-80% of the input (14)C radioactivity was eluted in the 7-methylguanine fraction. The preferential alkylation of the mitochondrial DNA by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in situ is discussed in connexion with the cytoplasmic-mutation hypothesis of carcinogenesis.


Regulation of polyribosome formation and protein synthesis in the uterus. Effect of administration of graded doses of oestradiol-17-beta and actinomycin D on the amino acid-incorporation activity in vitro and the cytoplasmic concentration in vivo of polyribosomes. 1. The effects of graded doses of oestradiol-17beta and actinomycin D, administered separately or together, on the amino acid-incorporation activity in vitro and the cytoplasmic concentration in vivo of uterine polyribosomes are described. Preparations of polyribosomes isolated from uteri of ovariectomized adult rats were determined for cytoplasmic concentration in vivo and assayed for [(14)C]leucine-incorporation activity in the cell-free system, exactly as described by Teng & Hamilton (1967b). 2. A minimal dose of 10mug of oestradiol-17beta administered for 10h was found to increase, by about 100%, both the amino acid-incorporation activity in vitro and the cytoplasmic concentration in vivo of the polyribosomes. A minimal dose of 250mug of actinomycin D administered for 10h was found to inhibit, by about 50%, the incorporation activity in vitro of the polyribosomes. All doses of the inhibitor administered for 10h failed to alter the cytoplasmic concentration in vivo of the polyribosomes. 3. A dose of 10mug of oestradiol-17beta restored to the control value the inhibitory effect of a dose of either 50 or 125mug of actinomycin D on the activity in vitro of the polyribosomes, at 10h after treatment with the inhibitor and the hormone. In these experiments, there was an increase of 60-100% in the cytoplasmic concentration in vivo of the polyribosomes. 4. A dose of 125mug of actinomycin D, administered to animals along with 10mug of oestradiol-17beta for 6-36h, abolished the hormone-induced enhancement of the incorporation activity in vitro, but did not prevent an increase of about 200% in the cytoplasmic concentration in vivo of the polyribosomes. However, treatment with 750mug of the inhibitor abolished both stimulatory effects of the hormone. 5. The results reported indicate that the stimulatory effects of oestradiol-17beta in vivo on the number and activity of the cytoplasmic polyribosomes in the uterus of the ovariectomized rat have different sensitivities to actinomycin D, but the primary molecular mechanisms responsible for the results are unknown. The major conclusion drawn is that the formation and appearance in the cytoplasm of newly formed polyribosomes are important features of the early action of oestrogen in the uterus.


Thermodynamic studies of the assembly in vitro of native collagen fibrils. Measurements of the solubility of calf-skin tropocollagen in neutral phosphate buffers in the temperature range 20-37 degrees C show that native collagen fibril formation is an endothermic process made thermodynamically favourable by a large positive entropy of precipitation associated with structural changes in the surrounding solvent. The effect of inorganic ions and small solute molecules on precipitation seems to be correlated with their structural effects on liquid water. Heterogeneity in the precipitation properties of the collagen solutions may be related to changes in the configurational entropy of the macromolecules due to intramolecular cross-linking.


The preparation of alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from baker's yeast. A procedure has been developed for the preparation of alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the same sample of baker's yeast. The two enzymes were obtained in good yield in a pure crystalline form. The method minimizes the work involved in preparing the two enzymes and would be of particular advantage for preparing the enzymes in radioactive form from yeast grown in a radioactive medium.


Liquid-scintillation-spectrometer data processing by desk-top computer. A desk-top computing system has been programmed to store accurately the quench curves necessary for the calculation of total disintegrations/minute (d.p.m.) of samples containing either one or two radioactive isotopes. In producing d.p.m. values background counts are subtracted, and in binary-labelled samples the counts attributable to each radioactive isotope are separated. The programme also relates d.p.m. to the weight, volume and density of the sample. Each variable is easily recalled and adjustments can be made for different batches of samples without reprogramming. Equally easily changes of radioactive isotope, quenching agent, scintillator or window setting can be accommodated. Quadratic equations are used to express the quench curves. Counting efficiencies obtained when the coefficients in the quadratic equations are derived from three carefully chosen points on a quench curve are compared with those obtained when the coefficients are derived by the method of least squares. The results of both mathematical approximations are compared with the efficiencies read by the eye from graphs.


Differences between manganese and magnesium ions with regard to fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activity and malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylation. Fatty acid-biosynthetic activity in rat liver cytosol fractions is much greater when the bivalent cation in the assay system is Mn(2+) than when it is Mg(2+). This difference between bivalent cations can be abolished if the cytosol fractions are preincubated with isocitrate and the bivalent cation for 30min before assay of fatty acid-biosynthetic activity. In a search for the biochemical basis of this phenomenon, the following differences between Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) were established: (1) Mn(2+) promotes acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity of the protomeric form of the enzyme under conditions in which Mg(2+) does not; (2) Mn(2+)+ATP have little inhibitory effect on the polymerization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase whereas Mg(2+)+ATP are markedly inhibitory; (3) under conditions in which utilization of malonyl-CoA in condensation reactions is prevented, the steady-state concentration of malonyl-CoA formed by a cytosol fraction is much greater with Mn(2+) than with Mg(2+). The role that each of these specific differences between Mn(2+) and Mg(2+) might play in causing liver cytosol preparations to have greater fatty acid-biosynthetic activity in the presence of Mn(2+) is discussed.


Phenothiazine-N-carbonyl chloride, a specific inactivator of chymotrypsin. Phenothiazine-N-carbonyl chloride inactivated chymotrypsin and trypsin by means of a 1:1 stoicheiometric reaction. Its reaction with chymotrypsin was 29 times as fast as that with trypsin and was inhibited by indole. The reaction of phenothiazine-N-carbonyl chloride with chymotrypsin resembled an enzyme-substrate reaction in which the deacylation step is rate-limiting. Slow deacylation occurred, resulting in complete regeneration of active enzyme in 15h. The pH-rate profile of the inactivation process had a maximum at pH7.8. These data and other evidence indicate that the reaction of phenothiazine-N-carbonyl chloride with chymotrypsin exhibits ;kinetic specificity'. Therefore any hypothesis that attempts to describe the topography of the active site of chymotrypsin should take into account the reactivity of phenothiazine-N-carbonyl chloride. The above findings, as well as recent reports of others, are examined within the context of a hypothesis given in an earlier paper (Erlanger, 1967).


Plasma protein catabolism by the perfused rat liver. The effect of alteration of albumin concentration and dietary protein depletion. 1. The isolated perfused rat liver was used to study degradation rates of plasma albumin, transferrin and fibrinogen. 2. Constant fractional rates were observed for all three proteins even when the albumin concentration was drastically increased by the addition of large amounts to the perfusate pool. 3. Livers taken from rats deprived of dietary protein for 14-18 days showed greatly diminished fractional catabolic rates for albumin when perfused with blood from similarly deprived animals. 4. These rates could be restored to near-normal values by adding albumin or by perfusing with blood from normally fed rats. 5. These findings are consistent with the theory of pinocytosis as a step in the degradation of plasma proteins by hepatic parenchymal cells.


Lipid metabolism in the perfused chicken liver. Lipogenesis from glucose, acetate and palmitate. A procedure for the perfusion of the isolated chicken liver was developed. The preparation satisfied many of the criteria of normal physiological function, e.g. oxygen consumption and the absence in the perfusion medium of enzymes indicative of cell damage, and retained its capacity to synthesize lipids from glucose, acetate and long-chain fatty acids. Part of newly synthesized triglyceride was released into the perfusion medium as lipoprotein.


Lipid metabolism in the perfused chicken liver. The uptake and metabolism of oleic acid, elaidic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, trans-vaccenic acid and stearic acid. Comparative studies were made of the uptake and metabolism of cis- and trans-octadecenoic acids by the perfused chicken liver. No differences were observed in the rates of uptake of the isomers. There was considerable incorporation of radioactivity into triglycerides and phospholipids, and some release of labelled lipid into the perfusate was observed. The cis-fatty acids were more readily incorporated into triglycerides than phospholipids, the reverse being true of the trans-fatty acids. Examination of the intramolecular distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides showed that the trans-fatty acid and stearate mainly occupied the 1- and 3-positions, and cis-fatty acids the 2-position. In the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine the trans-fatty acids again behaved like stearic acid and favoured the 1-position. No evidence was obtained of atypical patterns of uptake or metabolism of the trans-fatty acids.


The mode of action of paraquat and diquat.


The biochemistry of warfarin resistance in the rat.


A study on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the synthesis of acetylcholine in the lobster nerve. 1. The pattern of metabolism of (14)C-labelled substrates in the lobster nerve suggested a normal tricarboxylic acid cycle with a slow turnover. 2. Acetylcholine was synthesized from [2-(14)C]acetate, [2-(14)C]pyruvate and [1,5-(14)C]citrate, implying the presence of acetate thiokinase, choline acetylase and citrate-cleavage enzyme. 3. [2-(14)C]Acetate was the best precursor. 4. The formation of acetyl-CoA from citrate was limited, probably by the citrate-cleavage enzyme, although the magnitude of the reversed reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was large when compared with that of the forward reactions. 5. The relative magnitude of the two pathways (acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide fixation) in pyruvate utilization was nearly equal. 6. The probable presence of metabolic compartments in the lobster nerve is discussed.


A study on the precursors of the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine in brain slices. Observations on the compartmentalization of the acetyl-coenzyme A pool. 1. A method was devised for the determination of the specific radioactivity of the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine synthesized from various (14)C-labelled substrates. 2. The precursor for the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine was studied in slices of striatum and cerebral cortex from rat and guinea-pig brain. Incorporation of radioactivity into acetylcholine was determined after incubating the slices in the presence of [2-(14)C]acetate, [(14)C]bicarbonate, [1,5-(14)C]citrate, dl-[1- or 5-(14)C]glutamate or [1- or 2-(14)C]pyruvate. 3. After incubation for 1h, acetylcholine was accumulated significantly in both striatum slices (4.1nmol/mg of protein) and cerebral-cortex slices (0.57nmol/mg of protein) from the rat. Final concentrations were about 11 and 5 times respectively the initial values. 4. With slices from rat striatum, rat cerebral cortex and guinea-pig cerebral cortex, the specific radioactivity of acetylcholine derived from [2-(14)C]pyruvate was very high, reaching approx. 30, 20 and 6% respectively of the initial specific radioactivity of added pyruvate in the medium. With the striatum slices this high value was reached after incubation for 15min. Incorporation of radioactivity from [2-(14)C]acetate was only 1.25, 5.3 and 19.7% of that from [2-(14)C]pyruvate in rat striatum, rat cerebral-cortex and guinea-pig cerebral-cortex slices respectively. A small but definite incorporation was found from [5-(14)C]glutamate. No incorporation was found from the other substrates. The findings suggest that pyruvate is the most important precursor for the synthesis of the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine in brain slices. 5. The specific radioactivity of acetylcholine relative to that of citrate when [2-(14)C]pyruvate was used compared with that obtained when [2-(14)C]acetate was used. A marked difference was found in all slices, suggesting metabolic compartmentation of the acetyl-CoA pool.


Kinetics and metabolism of chlorinated insecticide residues.


Sedimentation-equilibrium studies on the heterogeneity of two beta-lactamases. Solutions of crystalline beta-lactamase I and beta-lactamase II, prepared by Kuwabara (1970), were examined in the ultracentrifuge and their sedimentation coefficients, diffusion coefficients, molecular weights and heterogeneity determined. Each sample was shown to consist of a major component comprising at least 97% of the material and a minor component of much higher molecular weight. The molecular weights of the major components were 27800 for beta-lactamase I and 35600 for beta-lactamase II. Emphasis is placed on a straightforward practical way of analysing the sedimentation-equilibrium results on mixtures of two macromolecular components rather than on a strict theoretical solution. Appendices describe the theory of systems at both chemical and sedimentation equilibrium and the procedure for calculating the combined distribution of two components.


The mechanism of uptake of cobalt ions by Neurospora crassa. Uptake of Co(2+) by 3-day-old mycelia of Neurospora crassa involves cell-surface binding as well as transport into the intracellular space. The surface binding is rapid and accounts for 30-40% of the total Co(2+) uptake. Transport of Co(2+) occurs at a rate of 40mug/h per 100mg dry wt. Surface binding and overall uptake show different temperature dependence. Metabolic inhibitors such as azide, dinitrophenol and fluoride depress transport of Co(2+). The overall uptake of Co(2+) exhibits a high K(m) value and hence the concentration mechanism is one of low ;affinity' for the metal. The uptake of Co(2+) varies linearly with pH in the range pH3 to pH6. Mg(2+) inhibits both surface binding and transport of Co(2+). It is suggested that the system that transports Mg(2+) is also involved in Co(2+) uptake by N. crassa.


Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in intact mites and in isolated mite mitochondria by a new acaricide, 5,6-dichloro-1-phenyoxycarbonyl-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole.


The mode of action and metabolism of 6-chloro-2-trifluoromethylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine, an experimental herbicide.


The synthesis of bile acids in perfused rat liver subjected to chronic biliary drainage. 1. Isolated rat liver was perfused with heparinized whole blood under physiological pressure resulting in the secretion of bile at about the rate observed in vivo. 2. The preparation remained metabolically active for 4h and was apparently normal in function and microscopic appearance. 3. When the perfusate plasma and liver cholesterol pool was labelled by the introduction of [2-(14)C]mevalonic acid the specific radioactivity of the perfusate cholesterol increased. The biliary acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) were labelled and had the same specific radioactivity. 4. Livers removed from rats immediately after, and 40h after, the start of total biliary drainage, were perfused; increased excretion rates of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were found when the liver donors had been subjected to biliary drainage. 5. The incorporation of [2-(14)C]mevalonic acid or rat lipoprotein labelled with [(14)C]cholesterol into bile acids was studied. 6. A dissociation between the mass of bile acid excreted and the rate of incorporation of (14)C was found. This was attributed to the changing specific radioactivity of the cholesterol pool acting as the immediate bile acid precursor.


Mechanism of inhibition of glycollate oxidase by aldehyde bisulphite addition compounds, and by relation structures.


The effects of 1,1-di-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichlorethane (DDT) and 1,1-di(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene (DDE) on hepatic microsomal oxidase in the rat and Japanese quail.


Metabolism of myricitrin and 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid.


Glycerol metabolism in the neonatal rat. 1. The possible role of glycerol as a precursor in neonatal gluconeogenesis in the rat was investigated by recording the activities of glycerol kinase and l-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver, kidney and other tissues around birth and during the neonatal period. 2. Blood glycerol concentrations in the neonatal rat are high. 3. There is a marked increase after birth in the ability of both liver and kidney slices to convert glycerol into glucose plus glycogen that correlates with the increase in glycerol kinase activity. 4. High hepatic and renal l-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities are also found in the neonatal period. 5. The marked capacity for neonatal gluconeogenesis from glycerol thus demonstrated and the role of glycerol kinase in its control are discussed.


The metabolic fate of 4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid in peas.


The microbial metabolism of biphenyl.

The microbial metabolism of biphenyl.


Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, precursors of ubiquinone in higher plants, green algae and fungi.


The formation of propionate from the side-chain of cholesterol in an infant with an inborn error in the metabolism of propionate.


Oxidation of furan-2-carboxylate to 2-oxoglutarate by Pseudomonas putida F2: studies of enzymology and electron transport.


Some biochemical studies on warfarin resistance in the rat.


Some modifications to the technique of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.


Localization and chemical composition of elastin in ox lung.


Flash perimetry.

Flash perimetry.


Phakodonesis. A sign of incipient lens displacement.


Traumatic retinal angiopathy resulting from chest compression by safety belt.


Eye injury from exploding golf balls.

Eye injury from exploding golf balls.


Unusual sequelae of surgery in the superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome.


Temporalis transplantation for paralytic lagophthalmos.


Ocular effects of Pro-Banthine.

Ocular effects of Pro-Banthine.


Primary orbital aspergilloma.

Primary orbital aspergilloma.


Macrophotography of the anterior segment of the eye.


Timer for use with a Zeiss photocoagulator.


Cardiovascular effects of prostaglandins mediated by the central nervous system of the dog. 1. Prostaglandins A(1), E(1), F(1alpha) and F(2alpha) were infused into the vertebral artery of the chloralose-anaesthetized greyhound and the resulting cardiovascular responses were compared with those obtained on intravenous and intracarotid infusions in the same dose range.2. Infusions of PGF(2alpha) intravertebrally (4-64 (ng/kg)/min) caused an increase of blood pressure, tachycardia and a fall of central venous pressure. Cardiac output was increased and peripheral resistance was essentially unchanged. There was never any response to intravenous or intracarotid PGF(2alpha) infusions in this dose range.3. PGF(1alpha) was found to have similar effects to PGF(2alpha) but it was much less potent.4. PGE(1) infusions (4-360 (ng/kg)/min) into the vertebral artery caused a tachycardia which was greater than that obtained with intracarotid or intravenous infusions, but there was no significant effect on blood pressure.5. Infusions of PGA(1) caused a small fall of blood pressure accompanied by an increase of heart rate and the dose response relationships were similar for all three routes of administration.6. It is concluded that some prostaglandins can activate cardioregulatory centres within the territory of distribution of the vertebral artery. Prostaglandin F(2alpha) is the most potent of these.


The kinetics of amylobarbitone metabolism in healthy men and women. 1. Sodium amylobarbitone (3.54 mg/kg) was given by intravenous injection to seven healthy men and nine healthy women who were not receiving other drugs. Serum amylobarbitone and urine hydroxyamylobarbitone concentrations were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. There was no significant difference between the groups either in the serum amylobarbitone concentration/time curves or in the urinary excretion of hydroxyamylobarbitone.2. The serum amylobarbitone concentration decayed over 48 h as a double exponential function of time; the first exponential component had a mean half-time of 0.6 h (males 0.56 +/- 0.06 h, females 0.62 +/- 0.08 h, +/- S.E.) and the second exponential component had a mean half time of 21 h (males 22.7 +/- 1.6 h, females 20.0 +/- 1.0 h, +/- S.E.).3. The urinary excretion of hydroxyamylobarbitone over 48 h accounted for 34% of the dose (males 33.8 +/- 3.2%, females 35.2 +/- 3.0%, +/- S.E.). One male and two female subjects excreted hydroxyamylobarbitone partly as a conjugate which was readily hydrolysed in acid.4. An elimination constant (k(el)) derived from the serum concentration/time curve by the application of a two compartment model was approximately proportional to beta (h(-1)), the rate constant of the second exponential component. There was a positive correlation (r=0.78, P<0.001) between beta and the mean rate of urinary excretion of hydroxyamylobarbitone during the 24 to 48 h period.


The inactivation of noradrenaline and isoprenaline in dogs. 1. The removal of infused noradrenaline and isoprenaline from the circulation of the dog has been studied, using the blood-bathed organ technique.2. Both catecholamines were removed in peripheral vascular beds; in all organs studied, noradrenaline was removed to a greater degree than isoprenaline.3. The hind legs removed an average of 60% of the noradrenaline passing through, but only 34% of the isoprenaline. With noradrenaline, the degree of removal decreased as the concentration increased, but with isoprenaline, the degree of removal increased with concentration.4. After phenoxybenzamine, the proportion of isoprenaline removed was unchanged, whereas that of noradrenaline was decreased. The change in removal with the concentration of noradrenaline was also abolished.5. The results are consistent with the concept that a small fraction of infused noradrenaline is removed from the circulation by Uptake(1) and that this is blocked by phenoxybenzamine. Isoprenaline, and the rest of the noradrenaline, are removed by another process (Uptake(2)?) followed by intracellular metabolism. This inactivation process is unaffected by phenoxybenzamine in concentrations sufficient to give alpha-adrenoceptor blockade.6. After isoprenaline infusions, a substance sometimes appeared in the circulation which contracted the blood-bathed organs.7. The systemic pressure response to vaso-active hormones is not a reliable indicator of the concentration of hormone in the arterial circulation.


Prostaglandin uptake and metabolism by the perfused rat liver. 1. The prostaglandins are C20 unsaturated fatty acids which exhibit diverse physiological effects of short duration. We have investigated the speed of removal of PGE(1) and PGF(1alpha) from the circulating blood and their subsequent metabolism by the isolated perfused rat liver.2. Following either a single injection of radiolabelled PGE(1) or PGF(1alpha) into the hepatic artery or portal vein, or recirculation of prostaglandins through the liver for 2.5 h, the distribution of radioactivity within extracts of bile, blood and liver was determined. The nature of the radioactive products of meta-bolism was inferred by comparison of the distribution of radioactivity after injecting carbon and tritium labelled standards, and by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, ultraviolet and bioassay analysis.3. A single injection of 1-(14)C PGE(1) indicated that the liver could efficiently remove 89-95% of circulating PGE(1) on a single passage. Biliary excretion was excluded as a major route for elimination of unchanged PGE(1), because only 0.3-0.8% of the injected radioactivity was detected in the bile. During recirculation of 1-(14)C PGE(1), 11-19% of the injected radioactivity was detected as exchanged (14)CO(2). The radioactivity detected within liver was identified with further fragments resulting from decarboxylation of PGE(1), which were incorporated into fatty acids and then phospholipids.4. Studies with 5,6-(3)H PGE(1), and comparison with the results obtained using 1-(14)C PGE(1), revealed a 30-fold increase in the percentage of radioactivity excreted into the bile, suggesting that biliary excretion may be a major route for elimination of compounds smaller than C20 prostaglandin. Evidence that the cyclopentane ring was intact was inferred by formation of a PGB compound on treatment with alkali; similar biliary excretion of 9-(3)H PGF(1alpha) also occurred. In addition, the increased radioactivity detected within the liver (37%) and blood (43%) after a single injection of 5,6-(3)H PGE(1) had the solvent partition and thin-layer chromatography properties of PGE(1), but were associated with a less polar compound smaller than the C20 parent structure.5. These results indicate rapid uptake of circulating prostaglandins by the rat liver. Decarboxylation of prostaglandins results in pharmacological inactivation. The products are excreted into the bile and venous effluent. These processes would curtail the duration of effects following prostaglandin injection.In addition, we infer from these results that any physiological action of these ubiquitous endogenous substances is likely to be localized within their tissue of origin.


Carbon tetrachloride metabolism in sheep and in Fasciola hepatica. 1. The excretion of carbon tetrachloride and its metabolites in bile and urine were studied.2. Liver flukes in vitro metabolized carbon tetrachloride and hexachloroethane by dechlorination.3. Carbon tetrachloride, liver lipid from rabbits which received carbon tetrachloride and a carbon tetrachloride methyl oleate complex were toxic to liver flukes in vitro, in the presence of sheep bile.4. A direct fasciocidal action of carbon tetrachloride may contribute to the therapeutic effect of the drug.


The effects of papaverine on the electrical and mechanical activity of the guinea-pig taenia coli. 1. Effects of papaverine (5 x 10(-6)-5 x 10(-5)M) were studied on the spontaneous and evoked electrical and mechanical activity of the guinea-pig taenia coli. In normal Locke solution, papaverine slowed and finally stopped the spontaneous spike discharge, usually with a small hyperpolarization of a few mV.2. Papaverine did not change the membrane resistance in normal Locke solution. It abolished the repetitive firing of spikes during the depolarization in response to a current pulse, but a single spike of normal amplitude could always be evoked.3. The mechanical response elicited by a single spike was reduced by papaverine in normal Locke solution. During the maintained depolarization produced by a long current pulse the tonic component of the contraction was more reduced than the phasic component related to the initial spike activity.4. The effects of papaverine were essentially the same as in normal Locke solution when NaCl was replaced with LiCl, or in excess K (24 mM), except that the membrane resistance was increased by papaverine in the presence of excess K.5. Excess Ca (6 mM) antagonized the effect of papaverine on the mechanical response, but not on the electrical response. When the muscle was depolarized in Ca-free solution, papaverine caused repolarization of the membrane and electrical activity reappeared. This effect was similar to that of Mg (4 mM).6. The mechanism by which papaverine suppresses the spontaneous spike activity is discussed and is compared with that of isoprenaline, from which it appears to differ. The observations indicate that papaverine, like Mg, may bind with a site at the membrane with which Ca normally binds, thereby modifying the electrical and mechanical activity controlled by Ca.


Quantitative studies on the antagonism by naloxone of some narcotic and narcotic-antagonist analgesics. 1. Naloxone was used to study the antagonism of the analgesic effects of some narcotics (morphine sulphate, levorphanol tartrate, and methadone hydrochloride) and narcotic antagonists (pentazocine, cyclazocine, and nalorphine hydrochloride). The analgesic assay used was the mouse phenylbenzoquinone stretching test.2. The in vivo equivalent of a pA(2) value (apparent pA(2)) for naloxone was determined with each agonist. These values were found to be significantly larger with the narcotics than with the narcotic antagonists.3. The slopes in the apparent pA(2) plots were also found to be significantly different. It was concluded that this difference in slopes was probably not due to a lack of equilibrium in one of the two groups of analgesics.4. The results suggest that the narcotic and the narcotic-antagonist analgesics may inhibit stretching in this assay by interacting either with two different receptors or with the same receptor in a different manner.