Ribosomal-type ribonucleic acid from rodent mitochondria. 1. Highly purified mitochondria containing 3.0mug of RNA/mg of mitochondrial protein were prepared from rat liver by differential centrifugation. 2. RNA, labelled with [(32)P]P(i) or [(3)H]orotate, was isolated from these mitochondria by a phenol extraction method. The RNA sedimented at 15S and 13S on sucrose density gradients. Its nucleotide composition was 23% uridylate, 30% adenylate, 22% guanylate and 25% cytidylate. 3. RNA from mouse L cells was labelled with [(3)H]-uridine in the presence of 0.1mug of actinomycin D/ml to suppress the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA. The RNA isolated from crude L-cell mitochondria by a cold-phenol-sodium dodecyl sulphate method had components sedimenting at 15S and 12.5S. These components had an electrophoretic mobility on agarose-acrylamide gels of 21 and 12S(E) compared with 28 and 18S(E) for cytoplasmic rRNA. The nucleotide composition was 26% uridylate, 34% adenylate, 18% guanylate and 22% cytidylate. 4. RNA extracted from crude L-cell mitochondria by a hotphenol-sodium dodecyl sulphate method had an additional component sedimenting at 21S and having an electrophoretic mobility of 18S(E). It was probably DNA because of its sensitivity to deoxyribonuclease and its insensitivity to ribonuclease and alkali. It was present in nuclear fragments contaminating the crude mitochondrial fraction and could be removed by deoxyribonuclease or isopycnic-gradient centrifugation.


Patterns of polysaccharide biosynthesis in differentiating cells of maize root-tips. 1. The patterns of incorporation of radioactivity from d-[6-(3)H]-, d-[1-(14)C]-, d-[U-(14)C]- and d-[6-(14)C]-glucose and [U-(14)C]myoinositol into the neutral sugars and uronic acids of the polysaccharides synthesized in different regions of the root-tip of maize were determined. 2. The root-cap tissue synthesized a slime in which a polysaccharide that contained a high proportion of fucose (32%) and galactose (21%) was found. This polysaccharide is synthesized only by the root-cap cells, and very little polysaccharide containing fucose is synthesized in adjacent tissues. Part of the meristematic tissue of the root is surrounded by the cap cells. A section of the root that contains both these tissues can be analysed, and the polysaccharide synthesized by the meristematic region can be obtained since the contribution of the root-cap cells can be found by the amount of fucose formed. 3. It was shown that there is very little difference in the polysaccharide synthesis of the meristematic region from that of the cells immediately behind it. In the more mature cells, however, the amount of xylose synthesized relative to that of arabinose is increased, and the proportion of xylose and arabinose formed in the matrix polysaccharides is increased whereas that of galactose is decreased. 4. The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on polysaccharide synthesis was to bring about a decrease in the relative amount of galactose synthesized in the matrix polysaccharides of cells immediately adjacent to the meristematic region and also in the more mature tissue. The growth factor also increased the amount of xylose synthesized relative to that of arabinose in the more mature tissue. These metabolic effects were related to a very obvious change in the morphological appearance of the root-tips. 5. Radioactivity from [U-(14)C]myoinositol was incorporated mainly into xylose, arabinose and galacturonic acid rather than into the hexoses, although small amounts of these sugars were formed.


Determination of pregnane-17,21-diol-20-ones in human urine. Treatment of urine or of a urine extract with periodate followed by treatment of the acidic oxidation products with sodium bismuthate gave a mixture of neutral end products consisting only or predominantly of 17-oxoandrostanes derived from the corresponding urinary pregnane-17,21-diol-20-ones. The mixture of end products was resolved by gas-liquid or paper chromatography. The latter technique was used to determine cortisol secretion rates and the results were found to be in reasonable agreement with those obtained by a double-isotope method. Gas-liquid-chromatographic characterization of steroidal 4-en-3-ones is described.


Measurement of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid concentrations and synthesis in animal tissues. 1. A method for the isolation from animal tissues of UDP-glucuronic acid by one-dimensional paper chromatography is described and its concentrations in some tissues of several species of vertebrates are reported; the incorporation of [(32)P]-phosphate into UDP-glucuronic acid in vivo was also investigated. 2. The concentration of UDP-glucuronic acid was higher in the liver of rats, rabbits and guinea pigs than in the same tissue of some species of birds, amphibia and fishes; also, the concentration of UDP-glucuronic acid in rat liver, kidney and small intestine was several times lower than that of the same tissues of guinea pigs. 3. The rate of [(32)P]-phosphate incorporation into UDP-glucuronic acid was very high in rat liver and kidney and almost reached equilibrium with the radioactivity of UDP-glucose 30min after the administration of the [(32)P]phosphate.


Properties of the transfer ribonucleic acid methylase activity in vitro of hamster tumours induced by adenovirus-12. Base analysis. The tRNA methylase activity in vitro of adenovirus-12-induced tumour and normal hamster tissues was studied. Enzyme extracts from adenovirus-12-induced tumour, hamster muscle-connective tissue and hamster liver methylated both Escherichia coli tRNA and yeast tRNA. The source of the enzyme and the pH of the incubation mixture influenced the bases methylated. However, the methylated bases that were isolated were not affected by the presence of NH(4) (+) ions in the incubation mixture.


The metabolism of niacytin in the rat. Trigonelline as a major metabolite of niacytin in the urine. 1. To investigate the fate of orally administered niacytin, urine and faeces of rats given single niacytin doses were examined for nicotinic acid derivatives methylated on the pyridine nitrogen atom, determined as trigonelline. 2. Methods were devised for the extraction of trigonelline from urine and faeces and for its differentiation from N'-methylnicotinamide. 3. A prolonged elevation of the excretion of trigonelline in the urine of rats dosed with niacytin was detected colorimetrically, in contrast with the urinary excretion in control groups given free nicotinic acid or hydrolysed niacytin. The total conversion of the nicotinoyl moiety of niacytin into trigonelline was 30-40%. 4. The identity of this metabolite as trigonelline was established by t.l.c., by its u.v. spectrum and by g.l.c. after conversion into methyl nicotinate. 5. The excretion of Ehrlich-positive substances was also increased in urine after administration of niacytin, the increase being approximately parallel to the trigonelline excretion. 6. No increase in the excretion of trigonelline in faeces was found after administration of niacytin. 7. These results suggest a metabolic path-way for niacytin in the rat involving methylation of the pyridine nitrogen without prior release of free nicotinic acid. This hypothesis explains the absence of biological activity of niacytin. An endogenous source of urinary trigonelline was also demonstrated.


Zymogen secretion and phospholipid metabolism in the pancreas. Phospholipids of the zymogen granule. 1. Acetylcholine produced a fivefold increase in the specific radioactivity of phosphatidylinositol in guinea-pig pancreas slices incubated in the presence of [(32)P]-orthophosphate, but did not affect the specific radioactivity of the terminal phosphate of ATP. 2. The secretagogues acetylcholine and pancreozymin had no direct effect on the enzymes of phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis in guinea-pig pancreas homogenates. 3. Pancreozymin in vivo increased the incorporation of [(32)P]orthophosphate into phosphatidylinositol but not into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine. 4. The zymogen-granule membrane contained no unusual phospholipids or lysophospholipids, although its high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio resembled that of plasma membrane. 5. Phospholipase A activity during fractionation sometimes produced lysophospholipids in mitochondrial, microsomal and zymogen-granule fractions.


Conformation of nucleic acids and the analysis of the hypochromic effect. The spectra of two double-helical RNA species isolated from virus-like particles found in the mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum were measured at about 25 degrees C, and at 95 degrees C after denaturation to a single-stranded form, and compared with the spectrum of the equivalent mixture of nucleotides. For both species the difference spectrum (epsilon(95 degrees C)-epsilon(25 degrees C)) when increased by 33% was very similar to the difference spectrum (epsilon(nucleotides)-epsilon(25 degrees C)). In contrast it was found for rat liver DNA that there was no simple relation between (epsilon(95 degrees C)-epsilon(25 degrees C)) and (epsilon(nucleotides)-epsilon(25 degrees C)). These observations were accounted for on the basis of the difference spectra for rA.rU, rG.rC, dA.dT and dG.dC base-pairs derived from model polyribonucleotides and polydeoxyribonucleotides. The difference spectra (epsilon(95 degrees C)-epsilon(25 degrees C)) found for rRNA and those calculated from a combination of the difference spectra for rA.rU and rG.rC base-pairs were in good agreement.


Double-helical character of ribonucleic acid from virus-like particles found in Penicillium chrysogenum. 1. RNA was isolated from virus-like particles found in Penicillium chrysogenum and resolved into two fractions by gel filtration through agarose columns. 2. Fraction 1 was excluded and had the following properties: 50.9% G+C [AMP 0.246, UMP 0.246, CMP 0.252, GMP 0.255 (mole fraction)]; mol.wt. about 1.2x10(6) daltons; s(20,w) 12.3S and ;melting' temperature about 100 degrees C (solvent 0.15m-sodium chloride-0.015m-sodium citrate pH7.2); optical rotation [alpha](max.) 6000 degrees at 278nm; circular dichroism (epsilon(L)-epsilon(R))(max.)=8.181mol(-1) cm(-1) at 260nm. 3. Properties of fraction 2 include 37.8% G+C [AMP 0.313, UMP 0.312, CMP 0.186, GMP 0.189 (mole fraction)]; mol.wt. about 140000 daltons; s(20,w) 7.3S, T(m) about 85 degrees C (solvent 0.15m-sodium chloride-0.015m-sodium citrate, pH7.2); optical rotation [alpha](max.) 6000 degrees at 278nm; circular dichroism (epsilon(L)-epsilon(R))(max.)=8.241mol(-1) cm(-1) at 260nm. 4. The properties of both fractions were consistent with a double-helical conformation.


The purification and chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas alcaligenes. 1. A method for obtaining lipopolysaccharide free from glycosaminopeptide from isolated cell walls of Pseudomonas alcaligenes is discussed. 2. About 70-75% of the lipopolysaccharide and 86-90% of the isolated lipid A have been accounted for in terms of identifiable components. 3. Hydrolysates of lipid A contain mainly inorganic phosphate, glucosamine, O-phosphorylglucosamine and fatty acids (dodecanoic acid, dodec-2-enoic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid), of which the last is the main N-acylating acid of the glucosamine backbone. 4. Material corresponding to the polysaccharide moiety of the lipopolysaccharide is extensively degraded. 5. Solubilization of the lipopolysaccharide by using sodium deoxycholate appreciably affects the chemical composition of the material.


The synthesis of exopolysaccharide by Klebsiella aerogenes membrane preparations and the involvement of lipid intermediates. 1. Membrane preparations from Klebsiella aerogenes type 8 were shown to transfer glucose and galactose from their uridine diphosphate derivatives to a lipid and to polymer. The ratio of glucose to galactose transfer in both cases was 1:2. This is the same ratio in which these sugars occur in native polysaccharide. Galactose transfer was dependent on prior glucosylation of the lipid. Mutants were obtained lacking (a) glucosyltransferase and (b) galactosyltransferase. The transferase activities in a number of non-mucoid mutants was examined. 2. Glucose transfer was partially inhibited by uridine monophosphate, and incorporation of either glucose or galactose into lipid was decreased in the presence of uridine diphosphate. The sugars are thought to be linked to a lipid through a pyrophosphate bond, and treatment of the lipid intermediates with phenol yielded water-soluble compounds. These could be dephosphorylated with alkaline phosphatase. Transfer of glucuronic acid to lipid or polymer from uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid was much lower than that of the other two sugars. 3. The fate of sugars incorporated into polymer was also followed. Some conversion of glucose into galactose and glucuronic acid occurred. Mutants unable to transfer glucose or galactose to lipid were unable to form polymer. Other mutants capable of lipid glycosylation were in some cases unable to form polymer. A model for capsular polysaccharide synthesis is proposed and its similarity to the formation of other polymers outside the cell membrane is discussed.


Inner- and outer-membrane enzymes of mitochondria during liver regeneration. 1. Marker enzymes for the mitochondrial matrix, inner membrane, inter-membrane space and outer membrane were measured in mitochondria isolated from control and regenerating rat liver. The specific activity of these enzymes was then followed for up to 30 days after operation. 2. The specific activity of marker enzymes for the matrix, inner membrane and inter-membrane space remained constant during liver regeneration. 3. However, the specific activities of monoamine oxidase and kynurenine hydroxylase, both outer-membrane markers, fell by 67% and 49% respectively from their control values at 4 days after operation, and returned to normal by about 3 weeks. 4. The repression of kynurenine hydroxylase activity was shown to be unrelated to any independent variation in tryptophan catabolism, based on tryptophan pyrrolase assays. 5. These results are considered to indicate that enzymes of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes are synthesized asynchronously during morphogenesis. 6. The enzyme complement of purified outer membrane at 4 days after operation was about 50% of that of the appropriate control. Thus the composition of the outer membrane itself may vary dramatically, and supports the concept that constitutive enzymes may turn over independently of a membrane's existence. 7. The behaviour of the rotenone-insensitive, NADH cytochrome c reductase did not parallel the other outer-membrane enzymes for intact mitochondria, but did so when assayed in highly purified fractions of outer membrane. This suggests a labile binding to the outer membrane during the early stages of morphogenesis. 8. Electrophoresis of inner- and outer-membrane proteins revealed little difference between control and experimental mitochondria at 4 days, except for an increase in several, high-molecular-weight components of the outer membrane. These bands closely correspond to similar bands derived from smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 9. The results are discussed in relation to the biogenesis and turnover of mitochondria, and are considered to provide evidence for turnover as a unit, at least for the matrix, inner membrane, inter-membrane space and possibly some form of primary outer membrane.


Brain adenosine 5'-triphosphate-creatine phosphotransferase. 1. The purification of creatine kinase (ATP-creatine phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) from ox brain by a method that is quicker, simpler and gives much higher yields than other published procedures is described. 2. Stoicheiometric inhibition studies with iodoacetate showed that the enzyme, like that from muscle, has two reactive thiol groups that are essential for enzyme activity. 3. The amino acid sequence around the essential thiol groups was determined and found to be virtually identical with that in creatine kinases from rabbit and ox muscle, and very similar to that found in arginine kinase; the evolutionary significance of this is discussed. 4. The identification of DNS-amino acids on thin layers of silica gel was found to have, in many cases, distinct advantages over that on polyamide layers.


Cellular injury and carcinogenesis. Inhibition of metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine by aminoacetonitrile. 1. Aminoacetonitrile, a lathyrogenic agent known to decrease the hepatotoxic action of dimethylnitrosamine, inhibited the metabolism of this compound by rats in vivo and by rat liver slices in vitro. 2. Methylation of nucleic acids in rat liver and kidney by dimethylnitrosamine in vivo was inhibited by treatment of the animals with aminoacetonitrile. 3. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that dimethylnitrosamine requires metabolism to exert its hepatotoxic and carcinogenic action.


Studies on phytochrome. Two photoreversible chromoproteins from etiolated oat seedlings. 1. The photoreversible chromoprotein phytochrome was extracted from etiolated oat seedlings. The final purification step revealed that there were two photoreversible coloured components. 2. The amino acid composition, spectra and Svedberg coefficients of each component are reported.


Studies on phytochrome. Some properties of electrophoretically pure phytochrome. 1. Phytochrome was purified from etiolated oat (Avena sativa) seedlings either by gel-filtration chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography or by gel-filtration chromatography and calcium phosphate chromatography. Differences were observed in the spectral properties of phytochrome isolated by the two methods. 2. Electrophoresis of pure phytochrome at pH values between 9.0 and 6.0 showed the tendency of phytochrome to form different molecular species. Studies in the ultracentrifuge did not show a corresponding change in the sedimentation coefficient with the change in pH. 3. Tryptic digestion of electrophoretically pure phytochrome gave 17 peptides and a photoactive core. The amino acid composition of the core is reported and compared with the analysis of whole phytochrome. 4. Some properties of phytochrome isolated from Pisum sativum are compared with those of phytochrome from A. sativa. 5. The properties of phytochrome purified by other workers are compared with our findings.


Effects of beryllium on deoxyribonucleic acid-synthesizing enzymes in regenerating rat liver. 1. The incorporation of thymidine into DNA of regenerating rat liver was measured at various times after partial hepatectomy. A single intravenous injection of 30mumol of beryllium/kg given immediately after the operation inhibited DNA synthesis 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28h later. 2. The activity of several enzymes critical to DNA synthesis (thymidine kinase, thymidylate kinase, thymidylate synthetase, deoxycytidylate deaminase and DNA polymerase) increased in control rats 20-24h after partial hepatectomy severalfold over the activity found in resting livers. After beryllium treatment this rise in activity was much less and it seemed as if beryllium would partially block the induction of DNA-synthesizing enzymes after partial hepatectomy. 3. Enzymes whose activities do not rise during liver regeneration were not affected by beryllium (aspartate transcarbamoylase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, uridine kinase and glucose 6-phosphatase). 4. No evidence was found in vitro that beryllium would specifically inhibit thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase. 5. The time-effect relationship between beryllium administration and thymidine kinase activity in vivo was examined. Measured 24h after partial hepatectomy, thymidine kinase activity was only affected if beryllium was given within the first 9-12h after partial hepatectomy. Beryllium given later, even in greatly increased doses, failed to have any effect on thymidine kinase. The possibility is discussed that beryllium inhibits enzyme induction at the transcriptional level.


The identity of a myelin-like fraction isolated from developing brain. 1. A myelin-like membrane fraction was isolated from developing rat brain by a new method. 2. The chemical composition and morphology of the fraction are described. 3. The myelin-like fraction is similar to myelin in characteristic enzyme activity but differs in the absence of basic protein and cerebrosides. No similarity to other subcellular fractions was observed. 4. It is suggested that the myelin-like fraction is a stage in the formation of compact myelin from glial plasma membrane. 5. ;Early' myelin consists of the myelin-like and compact myelin fractions from developing brain.


Reactive phosphate ester of the carcinogen 2-(N-hydroxy)acetamido-fluorene. 1. Reaction of 2-(N-acetoxy)-acetamidofluorene with orthophosphate buffer at pH7 yielded a large quantity of water-soluble fluorene derivatives, which showed absorption peaks at 303, 290 and 280nm. Tris buffer under similar conditions gave negligible reaction. 2. Hydrolysis of polar material with acid or alkaline phosphatases liberated equimolar amounts of inorganic phosphate and an ether-extractable fluorene derivative. On the basis of its u.v. spectrum, R(F) values after paper chromatography, solubility in alkali and colour with spray reagents, the derivative was characterized tentatively as 2-acetamido-5-hydroxyfluorene. 3. Polar material also contained a reactive fluorene derivative which gave characteristic reaction products with methionine and guanosine. The reactive derivative was characterized as a phosphate ester of 2-(N-hydroxy)-acetamidofluorene. 4. It is suggested that such reactive phosphate esters may also be some of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of carcinogenic aromatic hydroxamic acids.


Polyamines and amino acid incorporation in vitro into microsomes of rat cerebral cortex. 1. Polyamines were found to be associated with microsomes of rat cerebral cortex, the amount of spermine being about four times that of spermidine. Cell sap contained more spermidine than spermine. 2. Both polyamines were able to stimulate the incorporation of [(14)C]valine into microsomes in vitro with a maximum rate equal to 250% of the control. Polyamines stimulated at concentrations close to the amount of spermine and spermidine naturally present in the system. 3. Spermine (0.05mm) was used to study the mechanism of action of polyamines. The increasing of microsome and cell-sap concentration facilitated the action of spermine, but the same process was inhibited by increasing pH5-enzyme concentration. 4. Spermine did not affect the association of [(14)C]valine with tRNA in cell sap, but increased the rate of aminoacyl-tRNA formation in pH5 enzyme preparations. However, this process was not affected in any case when incorporating microsomes were present. 5. It is suggested that microsomes are the main site of action of polyamines.


Effects of hydrogen-isotope labelling on steroid metabolism.


Occurrence and formation of the N epsilon-methyl-lysines in myosin and the myofibrillar proteins. 1. Adult rabbit skeletal-muscle myosin has been shown to contain 1.0 residue of mono-N(in)-methyl-lysine and 3.3 residues of tri-N(in)-methyl-lysine per molecule of molecular weight 500000. 2. The methyl-lysines appear to be located in the subfragment 1 portion of the myosin molecule. 3. Methyl-lysines are not present in actin, tropomyosin, inhibitory factor and calcium-sensitizing factor. 4. Enzymic methylation of histidine and lysine residues of myosin has been demonstrated in vitro. 5. The methylation of histidine and lysine of the total myofibrillar protein occurs after peptide-bond synthesis. 6. Although methylated lysines and 3-methyl-histidine could not be detected by analysis of hydrolysates, radiochemical evidence is provided for the presence of these residues in the soluble-protein fraction of rabbit skeletal muscle.


Changes in the composition of acid extracts of purified Echinus nuclei during cleavage stages and from early embryos.


The rheology of bronchitic sputum.

The rheology of bronchitic sputum.


Radical versus simple resection for lung neoplasm.


Gumma of the lung--a case confirmed by thoracotomy and biopsy.


1969 Annual Report to the Congress on the Administration of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 Public Law 90-602. Report to the Congress on studies conducted pursuant to section 357 of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 Public Law 90-602.


1969 Annual Report to the Congress on the Administration of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 Public Law 90-602.


Histogeometry of the nervous system.

Histogeometry of the nervous system.


An electron-microscopic study of the muscles of rabbits subjected to chronic anaemia during foetal life.


Angiographic findings in some malformations of the brain. Report of seven cases.


In vitro cytogenetic investigation of calcium cyclamate, cyclohexylamine and triflupromazine.


Interaction of N,N-disubstituted p-phenylenediamines with guinea-pig epidermis in vivo.


Identification and toxicological evaluation of chlorinated dibenzofuran and chlorinated naphthalene in two commercial polychlorinated biphenyls.


Histological changes in the skeletal elements of developing rat foetuses following treatment with sodium salicylate.


Toxic effects of some di-n-octyltin compounds in white mice.


The metabolism of azo compounds: a review of the literature.


Aflatoxin round-up.

Aflatoxin round-up.


Whole-body autoradiography.

Whole-body autoradiography.


Teratogenicity of muscas domesticas swaticas (MDS).


Neonatal surgery.

Neonatal surgery.


Serum and urinary aminoacids from birth to one year of life.


Iron content of breast milk.

Iron content of breast milk.


Psychiatric consultation in pediatric practice.


A genetical study of the feedback-sensitive enzyme of methionine synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium.


Suppression of methionyl transfer RNA synthetase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium by methionine regulatory mutations.


Genetic recombination in a thermophilic actinomycete, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris.


Nitrogen fixation by sporulating sulphate-reducing bacteria including rumen strains.


Mutants of Neurospora crassa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium specifically inhibited by carbon dioxide.


Effects of nitrogenous components of the medium on the carbohydrate and nucleic acid content of Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG.


Effects of oxygen on acetylene reduction, cytochrome content and respiratory activity of Azotobacter chroococcum.


Inhibition by isoniazid of synthesis of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Microbial metabolism of amino ketones: D-1-aminopropan-2-ol and aminoacetone metabolism in Escherichia coli.


Chemical composition of wild-type and mutant Aspergillus nidulans cell walls. The nature of polysaccharide and melanin constituents.


New concepts in maintenance dialysis.

New concepts in maintenance dialysis.


Dominance of the wild-type alleles of methionine regulatory genes in Salmonella typhimurium.


Australian patterns of drug abuse.

Australian patterns of drug abuse.


Myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents.


Age-sex variations in suicide in Western Australia, 1901-1967.


Deep mycoses reported from Australia and New Guinea during the years 1956 to 1969.


Trimethoprim as a possible therapy for nocardiosis and melioidosis.


The synergistic effect of ethanol and chlorodyne in producing hepatotoxicity.


Gold, histamine and rheumatoid arthritis.


Medical education--where are we going?

Medical education--where are we going?


An aid for insertion of the Crutchfield skull tongs.


The increase in venereal disease.

The increase in venereal disease.


The road toll and the inquests.

The road toll and the inquests.


Rapid methods for estimating urinary LH, pregnanediol and oestrogens for assessing ovarian function.


The progesterone secretion rate in normal pregnancy.


Antiviral properties of synovial fluids.


The effects of low-molecular chemical compounds and proteins on the polymerization of collagen in vitro.


Cycloheptamycin, a new peptide antibiotic. Structure determination by mass spectrometry.


A new circular dichroism study of ketal formation of some steroidal ketones.


The preparation and properties of some nitrosamino acids.


Structure and synthesis of a novel pantothenic acid derivative, the microbial growth factor from tomato juice.


Newer synthes of the pyoluteorin antibiotics.


Structural studies on penicillin derivatives. VII. Rearrangement of penicillin sulfoxides with trimethylphosphate-acetic anhydride.


The structure and absolute configuration of pentalenolactone (PA 132).


The molecular strucure of a 6-thiaestrogen.


Lincomycin. 13. N-dealkylation of lincomycin and its analogs.


The conversion of steroidal lactones to ortho esters.


Complications after outpatient surgery for varicose veins and perforator incompetence.


The effect of exercise on resistance to blood flow in limbs with an occluded superficial femoral artery.


The vascularisation of the spinal cord--anatomical and pathophysiological aspects.


Does the paraventricular organ have a receptor function?


Arbovirus infections in Sarawak: the isolation of Kunjin virus from mosquitoes of the Culex pseudovishnui group.


Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen on Glossina morsitans orientalis Vanderplank.


Electron microscopy of Entamoeba histolytica in culture.


Observations on the biology of the ox warble, Hypoderma (Diptera: Oestridae). IV. Some serological reactions against the parasite in natural and artificial hosts.


Electron microscopy of an axenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica.


The functional morphology of pathogenicity in Entamoeba histolytica.


Acquired immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi in Swiss TO mice.


Electron microscope observations on the development and schizogony of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei.


The life cycle of Plasmodium vinckei lentum subsp. nov. in the laboratory; comments on the nomenclature of the murine malaria parasites.


Relationship between Eperythrozoon coccoides and Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei brucei in experimentally infected mice.


Comments on the ultrastructure of human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium malariae.


Transformation in cultural Trypanosoma cruzi grown in association with the fungus Candida sp.


The experimental demonstration of Lymnaea lagotis euphratica as an intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica in Iraq.


Observations on some factors affecting the growth rate and fecundity of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say).


An investigation of some factors influencing the survival of St. Lucian Biomphalaria glabrata deprived of water.


Laboratory studies of the host-parasite relationship of Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata from St Lucia, West Indies.


Preliminary communication on gross pathological lesions in the genito-urinary systems of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium.


Penetration of the skin by Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae.


Mechanics of ventricular diastole.

Mechanics of ventricular diastole.


Theoretical analysis of the isovolumic phase of left ventricular contraction in terms of cardiac muscle mechanics.


Effects of oxygen inhalation on intramyocardial oxygen tension.


Increase in myocardial oxygenation with propranolol.


Haemodynamic changes resulting from thrombin induced intravascular coagulation.


Experimental cobalt cardiomyopathy: correlation between electrocardiography and pathology.


Catapres (ST-155)-induced changes in coronary vascular resistance.


Free fatty acids and myocardial function in perfused rat hearts.


Measurement of pulmonary arterial distensibility in the dog.


Transthoracic ventricular defibrillation in the dog with unidirectional rectangular double pulses.


Pulmonary arterial pressure and structure in the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas patas).


Radioisotopic detection of experimental myocardial infarction using mercury derivatives of fluorescein.


Nomogram for use with cardiac output measuring equipment.


Drug infusion and monitoring of blood pressure by radio-telemetry in unrestrained pigs.


Cardiac rhythm display using the joint rate histogram.


Studies on the dehydrogenation of proline and hydroxyproline in animal tissue.


Evaluation of the heat stability-lability of serum alkaline phosphatase utilizing a new chemical technique.


Alkaline and acid phosphatases and the effect of endrin on Dactylopius confusus Ckll. (Dactylopiidae: Coccoidea).


Effects of some cations and of fructose on human prostatic acid phosphatase.


Cellulose digestion in Pseudocaecilius elutus (Psocoptera).


Protein fluorescence and molecular weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated human methemoglobin.


Effect of acetoacetate and ketogenic amino acids on the activity of tyrosine alpha ketoglutarate transaminase in rat liver.


The acyl and alk-1-enyl groups of the major phosphoglycerides from ox brain myelin and mouse brain microsomal, mitochondrial and myelin fractions.


Comparative effects of docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid and docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid on the desaturation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.


Succinate dehydrogenase. 3. Stability and interaction with phosphatides.


Gas chromatographic analysis of the dimethylhydrazones of long chain aldehydes.


Intracerebrally injected monohydroxy and other C24 steroid acids as demyelinating agents in the guinea pig.


Metabolism of 1-14C-methyl linoleate hydroperoxide in the rabbit.


Absorption and metabolism of 1-14C-methyl linoleate hydroperoxide.


Absorption and metabolism of 1-14C-hydroxy octadecadienoate in the rat.


Plasma free fatty acid incorporation into the outer and inner myocardium of unanesthetized dogs.


Partial purification and conversion of the particulate-bound diglyceride kinase of Escherichia coli to a water soluble, detergent free state.


The bio-medical pursuits of Christopher Wren.


Some aspects of medicine in the Greek Bronze age.


A sociological approach to the history of medicine.


The history and traditional treatment of rabies in Ethiopia.


Illingworth C: Dr. William Hunter's observations on lead-filled bones.


Eighteenth-century nosology and its survivors.


Evidence for the regulation of phytochrome-mediated processes in bean roots by the neurohumor, acetylcholine. Using pharmacological and chromatographic techniques, it was shown that acetylcholine was present in all organs of both light- and dark-grown mung bean seedings (Phaseolus aureus). The highest concentrations were found in tissues containing active growing points: buds and secondary roots. Within 4 minutes, red light caused an increase in the efflux of acetylcholine from secondary root tips as well as a significant increase in the endogenous titer. Four minutes of subsequent far red light reduced the latter to a level comparable to that in the dark.Acetylcholine, given for 4 minutes in the dark, was able to substitute for red light in reducing the formation of secondary roots, inducing increased H(+) efflux, and causing the root tips to adhere to a negatively charged glass surface. Acetylcholine-esterase and atropine inhibited the latter phenomenon, whereas eserine inhibited the far red-induced release from glass. THESE AND OTHER DATA SUPPORT THE CONCLUSION THAT ACETYLCHOLINE FUNCTIONS IN MUNG BEAN ROOTS AS IT DOES IN ANIMAL SYSTEMS: by mediating changes in ion flux across cell membranes. It also seems probable that acetylcholine acts as a local hormone which regulates these phytochrome-mediated phenomena.


Effects of growth regulators on ribonucleic acid metabolism of barley leaf segments. Illumination or gibberellic acid treatment of etiolated barley leaf segments stimulates unrolling and results in an increased level of RNA. In contrast, segments treated with abscisic acid do not unroll and have a lower content of RNA. Gibberellic acid treatment enhanced the capacity of segments to incorporate radioactivity from (32)P-orthophosphate into all the RNA components detected by gel electrophoresis; abscisic acid greatly restricted the incorporation of precursors into all the RNA fractions. In conjunction with a changed capacity for RNA synthesis it was observed that abscisic acid-treated segments had a lowered soluble DNA-dependent RNA polymerase level in comparison to gibberellic acid-treated or illuminated segments. However, the influence of growth regulators on RNA polymerase content of the segments was associated with general effects on protein level rather than a specific effect on the synthesis of polymerase enzyme. Ribosomal preparations from gibberellic acid-treated segments had a greater percentage of polysomes and a greater capacity for amino acid incorporation in vitro into proteins than similar preparations from abscisic acid-treated segments.


Control of ribonuclease and acid phosphatase by auxin and abscisic acid during senescence of Rhoeo leaf sections. We report the effects of abscisic acid and auxin (alpha-naphthalene acetic acid) on regulation of enzyme synthesis during senescence of leaf sections of Rhoeo discolor Hance. Abscisic acid always accelerates the onset of and enhances the magnitude of the increase in activity of acid phosphatase; this is followed by an acceleration of the onset of a rapid increase in free space.RNase activity increases 2- to 5-fold after cutting of leaf sections. Abscisic acid increases RNase activity and inhibits the rate of incorporation of uridine and leucine in leaf sections removed from plants grown under stress but not favorable conditions. Auxin inhibits the increase in RNase and acid phosphatase and suppresses the effects of abscisic acid. The increase in activity of RNase and acid phosphatase is inhibited by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. This and other evidence suggests that the increases in hydrolase activity could result from new enzyme synthesis. The possible significance of the results in respect of hormonal regulation of enzyme activity and senescence is discussed.


Chloroplast aldolase is controlled by a nuclear gene. Variant chloroplast fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases were found in Pisum sativum when 10 commercial varieties were examined for electrophoretically distinct species of chloroplast triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglyceric acid kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and aldolase. When reciprocal crosses are made, both aldolases appear in individuals in the F(1) generation. Backcrossing gives offspring having aldolases characteristic of the homozygous or of the heterozygous parent; the inheritance is therefore not maternal but Mendelian. Clearly this chloroplast reductive pentose phosphate cycle enzyme is under nuclear gene control in P. sativum.


The promotion of indole-3-acetic acid oxidation in pea buds by gibberellic acid and treatment. Terminal buds of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings have an indole-3-acetic acid oxidase which does not require Mn(2+) and 2,4-dichlorophenol as cofactors. Oxidase activity is at least 50 times higher in buds of tall peas than in dwarf seedlings. Administration of gibberellic acid to dwarf peas stimulates both growth and indoleacetic acid oxidase activity to the same levels as in tall seedlings. By contrast, indoleacetic acid oxidation assayed in the presence of Mn(2+) and 2,4-dichlorophenol proceeds at similar rates regardless of gibberellin application. Treatment of tall peas with the growth retardant AMO-1618 reduces growth and oxidase activity. Such treated seedlings are indistinguishably dwarf. The enzyme does not appear to be polyphenol oxidase, nor do the results suggest that reduced activity in dwarf buds is due to higher levels of a dialyzable inhibitor. The peroxidative nature of the oxidase is probable.


Buoyant density studies of chloroplast and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid from control and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-treated wheat seedlings, Triticum vulgare. The isolation of chloroplast and nuclear DNA from dark- and light-grown, control- and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-treated wheat seedlings, Triticum vulgare, is described. Contrary to a previous report, we found that chloroplast and nuclear DNA had similar buoyant densities (1.702 grams per cubic centimeter) and that they could not be resolved by buoyant density centrifugation in CsCl. Difference in renaturation behavior of the chloroplast and nuclear DNA was used as the criterion for distinguishing one from the other. Only chloroplast DNA readily renatured whereas nuclear DNA renatured only slightly. Light-grown, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-treated plants were found to lack detectable quantities of chloroplast DNA whereas treated, dark-grown plants contained plastid DNA. We suggest that 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole affects the accumulation of chloroplast DNA by inhibiting the formation of chloroplast membranes, enzymes, and pigments.


Advances in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Advances in obstetrics and gynaecology.


Mitochondrial responses to ethylene and other hydrocarbons.


Advances in the treatment of diseases of the skin.


Advances in ophthalmology.

Advances in ophthalmology.


Advances in neurology.

Advances in neurology.


Advances in the treatment of respiratory tuberculosis.


Advances in urology.

Advances in urology.


Advances in the treatment of diseases of the liver.


Advances in radiotherapy.

Advances in radiotherapy.


Advances in orthopaedics.

Advances in orthopaedics.


Advances in plastic surgery.

Advances in plastic surgery.


Modern views on physiology. XXII. Peripheral resistance.


A novel reaction of nitric acid with steroids.


The structure of tylosin.

The structure of tylosin.


Use of serum enzymes as aids to diagnosis.


Symposium on liver disease. Introduction and outlook.


Psychopathology and political leadership.


Transpopliteal venography: an altrrnate method for examination of the iliofemoral veins and inferior vena cava.


Cyanomethyldithiobenzoate as a new reagent for the sequential degradation of peptides.


Tight and loose metal binding sites in the apoalkaline phosphatase of E. coli. Reconstitution of the Ca2+--phosphatase from the apoenzyme EPR study of the Mn2+-phosphatase.


Cation-binding by yeast cell walls.

Cation-binding by yeast cell walls.


Some properties of the ion-gating polypeptide alamethicin.


Chitin synthesis in Mucor rouxii.

Chitin synthesis in Mucor rouxii.


Free lipids and carbohydrates of Agaricus bisporus mycelium.


The aggregation properties of C-phycocyanin.


Structure of phycocyanobilin.

Structure of phycocyanobilin.


Study of porphyrins present in hepatoma tissue.


Specificity of biliverdin reductase.

Specificity of biliverdin reductase.


Electron transport and uptake of calcium ions by sarcoplasmic reticulum.


The permeability of the rumen to simple nitrogenous compounds.


Kinetic mechanism of cytidine aminohydrolase.


The alcohol dehydrogenase of Clostridium acetobutylicum.


Animal biliproteins.

Animal biliproteins.


The alkylation of yeast hexokinase A.

The alkylation of yeast hexokinase A.


The hydrolysis of glycine oligopeptides by guinea-pig intestinal brush borders.


Partial purification and characterization of an iodide peroxidase from Enteromorpha linza.


Metabolism of sodium oestrone (35S) sulphate in the rat.


The immunochemistry of Shigella flexneri O-antigens: a new serologically active trisaccharide from variant Y.


Inhibition of growth of Lactobacillus casei by tungstate and its reversal by molybdate.


Growth of the riboflavin-splitting rumen organism Eubacterium fissicatena in the presence of tunstate and molybdate.


A protected intermediate for the preparation of semisynthetic insulins.


The activation of liver phenol sulphotransferase.


Role of converting bacteriophage in antibiotic resistance of strains of Staphylococcus aureus.


Chain lengths of the oligodeoxyribonucleotides formed by the nucleoside triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease of Mycobacterium smegmatis.


Lysosomal arylsulphatases A and B of rat liver.


Sulphation of simple aliphatic alcohols and bile alcohols by the toad Xenopus laevis.


Production of sulphated intermediates by Pseudomonas fluorescens during growth on potassium D-glucose 6-O-sulphate.


Algal biliproteins.

Algal biliproteins.


Glutathione metabolism of the erythrocyte. The enzymic cleavage of glutathione-haemoglobin preparations by glutathione reductase. A complex of haemoglobin and GSH was prepared by incubating haemoglobin with GSH and acetylphenylhydrazine. GSH could be released from the crude preparation by incubation with NADPH. However, when the haemoglobin preparation was separated from glutathione reductase by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, NADPH no longer released GSH. Rather, the addition of a combination of either partially purified human erythrocyte or crystalline glutathione reductase and NADPH was required to release GSH from the haemoglobin-GSH complex. This complex is commonly believed to represent a mixed disulphide of GSH and the cysteine-beta-93 thiol group. This interpretation was supported by the finding that prior alkylation of available haemoglobin thiol groups prevented the formation of the complex. By using haemoglobin-[(35)S]GSH complex as a substrate, it was shown that GSH itself released the radioactivity from the complex only very slowly. In contrast, the release of [(35)S]GSH was very rapid in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. This suggests that the cleavage of the haemoglobin-GSH complex is not mediated by GSH with cyclic reduction of GSSG formed, but rather proceeds enzymically through glutathione reductase.


Bilirubin conjugates of human bile. Isolation of phenylazo derivatives of bile bilirubin. A method is presented that allows the isolation of eight different phenylazo derivatives of bile bilirubin. In step I of the isolation procedure, three bilirubin fractions (bilirubin fractions 1, 2 and 3) from human hepatic bile are separated by reverse-phase partition chromatography on silicone-treated Celite with the use of a solvent system prepared from butan-1-ol and 5mm-phosphate buffer, pH6.0. Azo coupling is then performed with diazotized aniline. The three azo pigment mixtures are subjected to step II, in which the above chromatography system is used again. With each azo pigment mixture this step brings about the separation of a non-polar and a polar azo pigment fraction (azo 1A and azo 1B, azo 2A and azo 2B, and azo 3A and azo 3B from bilirubin fractions 1, 2 and 3 respectively). Approximately equal amounts of non-polar and polar pigments are obtained from bilirubin fractions 1 and 2, whereas bilirubin fraction 3 yields azo 3B almost exclusively. In step IIIA the non-polar azo pigment fractions are fractionated further by adsorption chromatography on anhydrous sodium sulphate with the use of chloroform followed by a gradient of ethyl acetate in chloroform. Three azo pigments are thus obtained from both azo 2A (azo 2A(1), azo 2A(2) and azo 2A(3)) and azo 3A (azo 3A(1), azo 3A(2) and azo 3A(3)). The 2A pigments occur in approximately the following proportions: azo 2A(1), 90%; azo 2A(2), 10%; azo 2A(3), traces. The pigments are purified by crystallization, except for the A(3) pigments, which are probably degradation products arising from the corresponding A(2) pigments. In step IIIB the polar azo pigment fractions are subjected to reverse-phase partition chromatography on silicone-treated Celite with the use of a solvent system prepared from octan-1-ol-di-isopropyl ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-0.2m-acetic acid (1:2:2:3:4, by vol.). Azo pigment fractions 2B and 3B each yield six azo pigments (azo 2B(1) to azo 2B(6) and azo 3B(1) to azo 3B(6) respectively) together with small amounts of products of hydrolysis (azo 2A(B) and azo 3A(B)). Only one azo B pigment is obtained from bilirubin fraction 1, and this azo pigment is probably of the B(2) type. The yields of the azo 3B pigments suggest that these pigments are present in approximately the following proportions: azo 3B(1), 0-0.4%; azo 3B(2), traces; azo 3B(3), traces; azo 3B(4), 10%; azo 3B(5), 50%; azo 3B(6), 40%. Azo pigments 2B(1) to 2B(6) are estimated to occur in similar proportions. Since pairs of correspondingly numbered azo pigments from bilirubin fractions 1, 2 and 3 do not separate on rechromatography together (e.g. azo 2A(1) co-chromatographs with azo 3A(1), and azo 2B(6) co-chromatographs with azo 3B(6)), it is concluded that such pigments are chemically identical. The structures of the isolated phenylazo derivatives are discussed in an accompanying paper (Kuenzle 1970c).


Bilirubin conjugates of human bile. Nuclear-magnetic-resonance, infrared and optical spectra of model compounds. N.m.r., i.r. and optical spectra of model compounds were recorded. These were to help in elucidating the structures of the phenylazo derivatives of bilirubin conjugates isolated from human bile. Model compounds included commercial and human bile bilirubin, mesobilirubin, bilirubin dimethyl ester, dimethoxybilirubin dimethyl ester and the corresponding phenylazo derivatives. The phenylazo derivative of vinylneoxanthobilirubinic acid was also investigated. All compounds were of the type IXalpha, and no other isomer could be detected with the spectroscopic methods employed. The compounds crystallize as the lactams, except for dimethoxybilirubin dimethyl ester and its phenylazo derivative, which are held in the lactim ether configuration. With all other compounds no tautomeric forms other than the lactams could be detected, although small proportions of bilirubin must exist as the lactim. Bilirubin does not form a betaine, a structure that has been proposed by von Dobeneck & Brunner (1965) to explain the bathochromic shift of its optical spectrum as compared with the expected position of the absorption maximum at 420nm. However, this shift to 453nm can be explained on the basis of internal hydrogen bonds occurring between the carboxylic protons and the pyrrole rings of bilirubin, as proposed by Fog & Jellum (1963), and new evidence for such a bonding has been accumulated. The bilirubin sulphate described by Watson (1958), which is formed by treatment of bilirubin with concentrated sulphuric acid and acetic anhydride, was also investigated. The main product of this reaction was isolated as its phenylazo derivative, and was shown to be 3,18-di(ethylidene sulphate)-2,7,13,17-tetramethylbiladiene-ac-8,12-dipropionic acid. The reaction leading to this compound is an addition of sulphuric acid to the vinyl side chains of bilirubin according to Markownikoff's rule.


Mechanism of action of phytochrome.

Mechanism of action of phytochrome.


Preparation, properties and substrate-exclusion effects of an insoluble pronase derivative. 1. A diazotized co-polymer of leucine and p-aminophenylalanine was used to prepare insoluble pronase. 2. The product was similar to the native enzyme in pH optimum, temperature optimum and broad specificity. 3. Exclusion effects were observed that appear related to the molecular weight of the substrate being hydrolysed. 4. The effects are explained on the basis of impedance of substrate access to the catalytic site by the supporting solid matrix.


Bilirubin conjugates of human bile. The excretion of bilirubin as the acyl glycosides of aldobiouronic acid, pseudoaldobiouronic acid and hexuronosylhexuronic acid, with a branched-chain hexuronic acid as one of the components of the hexuronosylhexuronide. Structure elucidations have been performed on the bilirubin conjugates isolated from human hepatic bile as the phenylazo derivatives. The major bilirubin conjugates are excreted, not as was formerly thought in the form of glucuronides, but as the acyl glycosides of aldobiouronic acid, pseudoaldobiouronic acid and hexuronosylhexuronic acid. The isolated aldobiouronides are proposed to have the structures of an acyl 6-O-hexopyranosyluronic acid-hexopyranoside, an acyl 4-O-hexofuranosyluronic acid-d-glucopyranoside, and an acyl 4-O-beta-d-glucofuranosyluronic acid-d-glucopyranoside respectively, with the acyl radicals being those of the phenylazo derivative of bilirubin. The pseudoaldobiouronide is suggested to be the acyl 4-O-alpha-d-glucofuranosyl-beta-d -glucopyranosiduronic acid, with the acyl radical being that of the phenylazo derivative of vinylneoxanthobilirubinic acid. The hexuronosylhexuronide presumably is the acyl 4-O-(3-C-hydroxymethylribofuranosyluronic acid)-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid, with the acyl radical being that of the phenylazo derivative of bilirubin. The 3-C-hydroxymethylriburonic acid, isolated as one of the components of the hexuronosylhexuronide, is the first natural branched-chain hexuronic acid to be detected, and the first branched-chain sugar ever detected in humans.


Ferrochelatase of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides contain two ferrochelatases: one is soluble and forms metalloporphyrins from deuteroporphyrin and haematoporphyrin; the other is particulate and forms metalloporphyrins from protoporphyrin, mesoporphyrin, deuteroporphyrin and haematoporphyrin. Neither enzyme incorporates Mg(2+) into porphyrins or Fe(2+) into porphyrin cytochrome c. By using the particulate enzyme, plots of 1/v versus 1/s when one substrate was varied and the other kept constant showed that neither substrate affected the K(m) of the other. The suggested sequential mechanism for the reaction is supported by derivative plots of slopes and intercepts. The K(m) for deuteroporphyrin was 21.3mum and that for Co(2+) was 6.13mum. The enzyme incorporated Co(2+), Fe(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Mn(2+); Cd(2+) was not incorporated and was an inhibitor, competitive with respect to Co(2+), non-competitive with respect to deuteroporphyrin. The K(i) for Cd(2+) was 0.73mum. Ferrochelatase was inhibited by protohaem, non-competitively with respect to Co(2+) or with respect to deuteroporphyrin. Inhibition by magnesium protoporphyrin was non-competitive with respect to deuteroporphyrin, uncompetitive with respect to Co(2+). The inhibitory concentrations of the metalloporphyrins are lower than those required for the inhibition of delta-aminolaevulate synthetase by protohaem. Fe(2+) is not incorporated aerobically into porphyrins unless an electron donor, succinate or NADH, is supplied; the low aerobic rate of metalloporphyrin synthesis obtained is insensitive to rotenone and antimycin. The rate of Fe(3+) incorporation increases as anaerobic conditions are achieved.


Turnover of mammalian phospholipids. Stable and unstable components in neoplastic mast cells. 1. Choline- and inositol-labelled phospholipids of exponentially growing or static neoplastic mast cells turn over by degradation and resynthesis of the entire molecule. Turnover follows a biphasic pattern, the unstable rapidly turning-over component accounting for 60-80% of labelled phospholipid. The residual stable component does not turn over any more than does protein or DNA. 2. Subcellular fractions and surface membranes of choline-labelled P815Y cells contain the same proportion of stable and unstable components as do whole cells. The unstable component is largely phosphatidylcholine; the stable component is relatively richer in sphingomyelin. 3. It is concluded that the phospholipids of neoplastic mast cells are of two classes, one of which is susceptible to continual enzymic degradation and resynthesis, and the other of which is metabolically stable.


Phospholipid synthesis and degradation during the life-cycle of P815Y mast cells synchronized with excess of thymidine. 1. P815Y cells synchronized with excess of thymidine incorporate choline, proline and uridine throughout the cell cycle; the rate increases two- to four-fold during the S phase, when thymidine incorporation increases more than 15-fold. 2. Choline incorporated at any stage of the cell cycle turns over in a biphasic manner; stable and unstable components are each labelled maximally during the S phase. Total phospholipid also doubles predominantly during the S phase. 3. It is concluded that, despite turnover, choline incorporation is a useful measure of net phospholipid formation during the cell cycle.


Turnover of mammalian phospholipids. Rates of turnover and metabolic heterogeneity in cultured human lymphocytes and in tissues of healthy, starved and vitamin A-deficient rats. 1. Choline- and inositol-labelled phospholipids of human cultured lymphocytes turn over in a biphasic manner; phytohaemagglutinin activation stimulates turnover. 2. Choline-labelled phospholipids of rat liver and kidney, but not of blood, turn over in vivo as fast as those of duodenum, ileum or colon. Turnover in the intestinal tissues is greater in fed than in starved or vitamin A-deficient rats. In each case phosphatidylcholine turns over relatively faster than sphingomyelin or lyso-phosphatidylcholine. 3. It is concluded that phospholipid turnover of the type described is a common feature of viable cells, and that metabolically favourable conditions increase, rather than decrease, turnover.


The use of conventional and zonal centrifugation to study the life cycle of mammalian cells. Phospholipid and macromolecular synthesis in neoplastic mast cells. 1. Conventional gradient centrifugation has been used to separate cells according to their position in the cell cycle, and to obtain synchronously growing cells. Analysis of prelabelled cells by gradient centrifugation confirms that phospholipid, protein and RNA synthesis is continuous throughout the cell cycle and shows that the rate of synthesis begins to increase already during the G(1) phase. The pattern of phospholipid degradation follows that of synthesis. 2. The limitations of conventional gradient centrifugation have been overcome by use of a zonal rotor. Analysis of prelabelled cells confirms the results obtained by conventional centrifugation and in addition shows that the rates of phospholipid, protein and RNA synthesis decrease during the G(2) phase. The mean cell volume and the net amount of phospholipid, protein and RNA, unlike that of DNA, are found to increase continuously throughout the intermitotic period. 3. These results show that the synthesis of macromolecules, and probably that of membranes also, is controlled by a mechanism other than that of gene dosage.


The cause of hepatic accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate on fructose loading. 1. The changes in the metabolite content in freeze-clamped livers of fed rats occurring on perfusion with 10mm-d-fructose have been examined. 2. The most striking effects of fructose were an accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate, as already known, up to 8.7mumol/g of liver within 10min, a loss of total adenine nucleotides (up to 35% after 40min) with a decrease in the ATP content to 23% within 10min, a sevenfold rise in the concentration of IMP to 1.1mumol/g and an eightfold rise of alpha-glycerophosphate to 1.1mumol/g. 3. There was a transient decrease in P(i) from 4.2 to 1.7mumol/g. Within 40min the P(i) content recovered to the normal value, probably because of an uptake of P(i) from the perfusion medium. 4. The degradation of the adenine nucleotides beyond the stage of AMP can be accounted for by the decrease of ATP and P(i). As ATP inhibits 5-nucleotidase, and as P(i) inhibits AMP deaminase any AMP arising in the tissue is liable to undergo dephosphorylation or deamination under the conditions occurring after fructose loading. 5. The content of lactate increased to 4.3mumol/g at 80min; pyruvate also increased and the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio remained within physiological limits. 6. The concentration of free fructose within the liver remained much below that in the perfusion medium, indicating that the rate of penetration of fructose into the tissue was lower than the rate of utilization. 7. The fission of fructose 1-phosphate by liver aldolase is inhibited by several phosphorylated intermediates, especially by IMP. This inhibition is competitive with a K(i) of 0.1mm. 8. The maximal rates of the enzymes synthesizing and splitting fructose 1-phosphate are about equal. The accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate on fructose loading is due to the inhibition of the fission of fructose 1-phosphate by the IMP arising from the degradation of the adenine nucleotides.


Partial purification and properties of guinea-pig liver polynucleotide phosphorylase. 1. Polynucleotide phosphorylase has been isolated and partially purified from crude preparations of guinea-pig liver nuclei. 2. The enzyme is particulate and associated with RNA and lipids characteristic of membranes. 3. It has phosphorolysis and exchange activities, but the latter may be due to a contaminating enzyme. 4. The phosphorolysis activity is dependent on bivalent cations, preferably Mg(2+), has a pH optimum between 8.6 and 9.2 and is inhibited by potassium chloride and sodium chloride. 5. The enzyme catalyses phosphorolysis of poly A, poly C, poly U, rRNA and tRNA. Poly G is only phosphorolysed to a very small extent and DNA is not a substrate. 6. The enzyme appears to lack nucleoside diphosphate polymerization activity.


Fatty acid metabolism in the perfused rat liver. 1. The formation of acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose was measured in the isolated perfused rat liver after addition of fatty acids. 2. The rates of ketone-body formation from ten fatty acids were approximately equal and independent of chain length (90-132mumol/h per g), with the exception of pentanoate, which reacted at one-third of this rate. The [beta-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio in the perfusion medium was increased by long-chain fatty acids. 3. Glucose was formed from all odd-numbered fatty acids tested. 4. The rate of ketone-body formation in the livers of rats kept on a high-fat diet was up to 50% higher than in the livers of rats starved for 48h. In the livers of fat-fed rats almost all the O(2) consumed was accounted for by the formation of ketone bodies. 5. The ketone-body concentration in the blood of fat-fed rats rose to 4-5mm and the [beta-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio rose to 11.5. 6. When the activity of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system, which can bring about omega-oxidation of fatty acids, was induced by treatment of the rat with phenobarbitone, there was no change in the ketone-body production from fatty acids, nor was there a production of glucose from even-numbered fatty acids. The latter would be expected if omega-oxidation occurred. Thus omega-oxidation did not play a significant role in the metabolism of fatty acids. 7. Arachidonate was almost quantitatively converted into ketone bodies and yielded no glucose, demonstrating that gluconeogenesis from poly-unsaturated fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms does not occur. 8. The rates of ketogenesis from unsaturated fatty acids (sorbate, undecylenate, crotonate, vinylacetate) were similar to those from the corresponding saturated fatty acids. 9. Addition of oleate together with shorter-chain fatty acids gave only a slightly higher rate of ketone-body formation than oleate alone. 10. Glucose, lactate, fructose, glycerol and other known antiketogenic substances strongly inhibited endogenous ketogenesis but had no effects on the rate of ketone-body formation in the presence of 2mm-oleate. Thus the concentrations of free fatty acids and of other oxidizable substances in the liver are key factors determining the rate of ketogenesis.


The amino acid sequence of Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) cyrochrome c deduced from chymotryptic peptides. Peptides derived from digestion of 1 mumol of sunflower cytochrome c with chymotrypsin were separated by paper electrophoresis. The sequences of these peptides were determined by using the dansyl-Edman method (Gray & Hartley, 1963) and confirmed by analysis of their amino acid composition. Comparison of the set of peptides with the chymotryptic peptides of mung-bean (Thompson, Laycock, Ramshaw & Boulter, 1970) and wheat germ (Stevens, Glazer & Smith, 1967) cytochrome c shows a clear homology. The complete sequence of sunflower cytochrome c was established by alignment of the sunflower peptides with the sequences of mung bean cytochrome c and wheat germ cytochrome c.


Isolation of 2-amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate with cetylpyridinium bromide from metabolic and chemical oxidations of 2-naphthylamine. 1. 2-Amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate can be rapidly isolated from the urine of dogs dosed with 2-naphthylamine by precipitation with cetylpyridinium bromide. 2. No evidence was obtained for the presence of 2-naphthylhydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid, noteworthy as a possible source of the carcinogens, 2-naphthylhydroxylamine and 2-amino-1-naphthol. 3. Treatment of neutral persulphate oxidations of 2-naphthylamine with the reagent gave only the cetylpyridinium salt of 2-amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate.


Carnitine palmitoyltransferase activities (EC 2.3.1.-) of rat liver mitochondria. 1. A continuously recording and sensitive fluorimetric assay is described for carnitine palmitoyltransferase. This assay has been applied to whole or disintegrated mitochondria and to soluble protein fractions. 2. When rat liver mitochondria had been disintegrated by ultrasound, the specific activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase was 15-20m-units/mg of protein. Only one-fifth of this activity was assayable (with added substrates) before mitochondrial disintegration. 3. It is concluded that there are two carnitine palmitoyltransferase activities in rat liver mitochondria, of which one (type I) is relatively superficial in location and catalyses an acyl-group transfer between added CoA and carnitine, whereas the other (type II) is less superficial and catalyses an acyl-group transfer in unbroken mitochondria between added carnitine and intramitochondrial CoA. The existence of two distinct carnitine palmitoyltransferases was predicted by Fritz & Yue (1963). 4. In unbroken mitochondria, type I transferase is accessible to the inhibitor 2-bromostearoyl-CoA whereas the type II transferase is inaccessible. 5. A major part of the total carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity of rat liver mitochondria is membrane-bound and of type II. 6. These observations, when considered in conjunction with the penetration of mitochondria by CoASH or carnitine, indicate that the type II transferase is attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.


Spectrophotometric studies of acyl-coenzyme A synthetases of rat liver mitochondria. 1. Deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid is a substrate for both ATP-specific (EC 6.2.1.2 or 3) and GTP-specific (EC 6.2.1.-) acyl-CoA synthetases of rat liver mitochondria. The enzymic synthesis of decatetraenoyl-CoA results in new spectral characteristics. The difference spectrum for the acyl-CoA minus free acid has a maximum at 376nm with epsilon(mM) 34. Isosbestic points are at 345nm and 440nm. 2. The acylation of CoA by decatetraenoate in mitochondrial suspensions can be continuously measured with a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer. 3. By using this technique, three distinct types of acyl-CoA synthetase activity were demonstrated in rat liver mitochondria. One of these utilized added CoA and ATP, required added Mg(2+) and corresponded to a previously described ;external' acyl-CoA synthetase. The other two acyl-CoA synthetase activities utilized intramitochondrial CoA and did not require added Mg(2+). Of these two ;internal' acyl-CoA synthetases, one was insensitive to uncoupling agents, was inhibited by phosphate or arsenate, and corresponded to the GTP-specific enzyme. The other corresponded to the ATP-specific enzyme. 4. Atractylate inhibited the activity of the two internal acyl-CoA synthetases only when the energy source was added ATP. 5. The amount of intramitochondrial CoA acylated by decatetraenoate was independent of whether the internal ATP-specific or GTP-specific acyl-CoA synthetase was active. It is concluded that these two internal acyl-CoA synthetases have access to the same intramitochondrial pool of CoA. 6. The amount of intramitochondrial CoA that could be acylated with decatetraenoate was decreased by the addition of palmitoyl-dl-carnitine, 2-oxoglutarate, or pyruvate. These observations indicated that pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1), oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.-), citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), and succinyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.4) all have access to the same intramitochondrial pool of CoA as do the two internal acyl-CoA synthetases.


The localization of some coenzyme A-dependent enzymes in rat liver mitochondria. 1. CoA, acetyl-CoA, l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine when added to rat liver mitochondria equilibrate with approximately two-thirds of the total intramitochondrial water. The mitochondrial space calculated to be freely permeable to these solutes was identical with that obtained for sucrose. 2. Acetyl-CoA is rapidly deacylated by rat liver mitochondria at 0 degrees C, and special precautions are required to measure its mitochondrial permeation. 3. Rat liver mitochondria were separated into fractions that correspond to the inner membrane, the outer membrane, and the soluble proteins of the matrix and intermembrane compartment. Soluble enzymes considered to be located in the matrix were citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.2), electron-transferring flavoprotein, medium-chain-length ATP-specific fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.2), l-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35) and 3-keto-acyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.-) is largely associated with the inner-membrane fraction. A long-chain-length ATP-specific fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) is associated with the outer-membrane fraction.


Studies in vivo on the biosynthesis of collagen and elastin in ascorbic acid-deficient guinea pigs. Evidence for the formation and degradation of a partially hydroxylated collagen. 1. After the administration of l-[G-(3)H]proline to guinea pigs deprived of ascorbic acid for increasing periods of time, the specific radioactivities of proline and hydroxyproline in skin collagen and aortic elastin were determined at various time-intervals after administration of the labelled compound with a view to studying the formation and degradation of collagen and elastin both deficient in hydroxyproline. 2. As judged from the incorporation of radioactivity into elastin proline, elastin synthesis was not decreased in the ascorbic acid-deficient animals. There was however, a rapid decline in the specific radioactivity of elastin hydroxyproline. The proline/hydroxyproline specific-radioactivity ratio was approx. 1.5:1 after 6 days and 20:1 after 12 days of ascorbic acid deprivation, in contrast with the ratio of 1:1 in controls. The results suggested that the effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on elastin biosynthesis could be regarded as simply an elimination of hydroxylation of elastin proline with the formation and retention of a polymer increasingly deficient in hydroxyproline. 3. Collagen proline and hydroxyproline specific radioactivities were derived from material that was soluble in hot trichloroacetic acid, non-diffusible and collagenase-degradable. In contrast with elastin, there was a rapid decline in the specific radioactivity of proline as well as hydroxyproline in collagen from the ascorbic acid-deficient animals. However, the proline/hydroxyproline specific-radioactivity ratio in all samples from scorbutic animals was consistently slightly above 1:1. The results suggest the appearance in place of collagen, but in rapidly diminishing amounts, of a partially hydroxylated collagen in which the degree of hydroxylation may be decreased only by approx. 10%. 4. Incorporation of radioactivity into the diffusible hydroxyproline in skin remained relatively high despite the rapid decline in the incorporation of radioactivity into collagen. This observation is interpreted as indicative of an increasing degree of degradation of partially hydroxylated collagen to diffusible peptides. An alternative explanation might be that partially hydroxylated peptides are released to an increasing extent from ribosomes before they attain a length at least sufficient to render them non-diffusible. In either case it implies the accumulation in scurvy of low-molecular-weight peptides enriched in proline and deficient in hydroxyproline and could explain the failure to accumulate a high-molecular-weight collagen deficient in hydroxyproline. 5. It is thought, however, that, in addition, an inhibition of ribosomal amino acid incorporation leading to decreased synthesis of partially hydroxylated collagen may also occur, perhaps secondarily to impaired hydroxylation.


The effect of hypermethylation on the functional properties of transfer ribonucleic acid. Ribosome-binding and polypeptide synthesis. 1. Phenylalanyl-tRNA formed after chemical hypermethylation of Escherichia coli B tRNA was able to bind to ribosomes with the same efficiency as normal phenylalanyl-tRNA. 2. Under incubation conditions used in the ribosome-binding assay, hypermethylation of tRNA did not measurably decrease the stability of either inter-nucleotide phosphodiester bonds or the covalent bond between amino acid and tRNA in phenylalanyl-tRNA. 3. The ability of hypermethylated tRNA to take part in polyphenylalanine synthesis was inhibited progressively as the degree of hypermethylation increased. 4. Hypermethylation of tRNA affected polyphenylalanine synthesis at the stage of amino acid recognition and at a further point in the synthesis but not at the level of codon-anticodon recognition. 5. The formation of polylysine was more seriously affected by hypermethylation of tRNA than would be accounted for by inhibition of amino acid acceptance alone. 6. Polyproline formation was completely inhibited by the presence of 7mol% excess of methyl groups in tRNA. 7. The possibility of a link between amino acid acceptance and ribosome-binding was suggested for phenylalanyl-tRNA, but not for lysyl- or prolyl-tRNA.


The lipases produced by Anaerovibrio lipolytica in continuous culture.


Differential assay of human hexosaminidases A and B.


Mammalian ornithine decarboxylase: activation and alteration of physical behaviour by thiol compounds.


Regulation of glutamine synthetase synthesis in some gram-negative bacteria.


Cathode-ray polarography of insulin.

Cathode-ray polarography of insulin.


Purification of the low-molecular-weight form of adenosine deaminase from rabbit intestine.


Adenylate deaminase activity in a number of species.


Purification of aspartate aminotransferases from soya-bean root nodules and Rhizobium japonicum.


Multiple forms of pig intestinal beta-galactosidase and related activities.


Isoenzymes in the study of wild populations.


The role of thiol groups in the multiple forms of an invertebrate creatine kinase.


Cell division in Sarcina flava.

Cell division in Sarcina flava.


Incorporation of (35S)ulphate into the glycosaminoglycans of rat brain.


Effect of phenobarbital and other compounds on induction or maintenance of liver uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase during organ culture.


Observations on the biosynthesis of thioglucuronides and thioglucosides in vertebrates and molluscs.


Excretion of bilirubin conjugated with glucose in dog bile.


Studies on the reverse action of amylo-1,6-glucosidase.


Properties of an alpha-mannosidase from Streptomyces WL6.


An effect of amino acid analogues on extension growth in pea root segments under aseptic conditions.


Transfer of adsorbed bilirubin to specific binding proteins.


Influence of reaction medium on the behaviour of a hydroxy steroid-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase.


Oestrogen synthesis by the pregnant baboon: the contribution of maternal circulating precursors to urinary oestrogens.


Properties of renal aldosterone-binding proteins.


Ribonucleic acid polymerase from rat prostate nuclei and nucleoli.


The activity of certain enzymes in cadmium-poisoned chicks.


Anticonvulsant drugs and xylose uptake by cerebral-cortex slices.


Metabolism of aromatic compounds by fungi: conversion of beta-carboxymuconolactone into 3-oxoadipate in Aspergillus niger.


Microbial metabolism of alkylbenzenesulphonates.


Formation and interconversion of ketone bodies in tissues of developing lambs.


The solution of erythrocyte membranes in organic solvents.


Reversible dissociation of fatty acid synthetase from lactating rat mammary gland.


The binding of dihydronicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide and pyridine-3-aldehyde--adenine dinucleotide by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. 1. Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase has been found to react with NADH in the presence of acetamide to form a highly fluorescent ternary complex. Titration of the enzyme to form this complex has provided a method for the estimation of the number of binding sites on the enzyme. 2. The binding of NADH by the enzyme has been studied independently, with a modified form of equilibrium dialysis, by using gel filtration. 3. A third method, depending upon the formation of a ternary complex of enzyme, hydroxylamine and pyridine-3-aldehyde-adenine dinucleotide, has also been used to titrate the enzyme. 4. Values obtained with all three methods are substantially in agreement that only three coenzyme-binding sites are available. This is in contrast with the established fact that the enzyme is composed of four identical subunits.


Heterogeneity of bile pigment conjugates as revealed by chromatography of their ethyl anthranilate azopigments. 1. Azopigments derived from conjugated bile pigments by coupling with the diazonium salt of ethyl anthranilate are analysed conveniently by quantitative t.l.c. or by column chromatography on CM-cellulose. 2. By chromatographic studies combined with a series of chemical tests six groups of azopigments were demonstrable in preparations from bile and from icteric urine of man. Azobilirubin and its beta-d-monoglucuronide have hitherto been considered to be the only major derivatives that can be obtained from human bile pigments. In the present work, other azopigments accounted for 30-40% of the total azopigment material, and the amounts of these showed considerable variation among biological fluids. 3. The divergence of the present results from earlier work is probably related to the use of milder diazotization conditions and of chromatographic techniques with a high resolving power. 4. The thin-layer chromatographic systems developed allow rapid and quantitative analysis of azopigments derived from bile pigments.


The enzymic and non-enzymic cleavage of N-terminal L-serine O-sulphate.


Mass-spectrometric study of the azopigments obtained from bile pigments with diazotized ethyl anthranilate. The structures of some azopigments obtained by diazotization of conjugated and unconjugated bile pigments with diazotized ethyl anthranilate were studied by mass spectrometry. The alpha(0)-azopigments derived from rat bile and human bile were shown to be identical (t.l.c. and mass spectra) with azobilirubin derived from unconjugated bilirubin. The presence of two methyl vinyl isomers (Ia) and (Ib) in equal amounts was shown by t.l.c. and mass spectrometry. The structure of the delta-azopigment derived from rat bile was studied by two methods: (a) ammonolysis gave rise to an amide having a CH(2).CH(2).CO.NH(2) side chain as shown by its mass spectrum; (b) the mass spectrum of a trimethylsilyl derivative of the delta-azopigment methyl ester confirmed the ester to be a beta-d-monoglucuronide ester of azobilirubin I.


Some impressions of a new medical school in Africa.


Oestrous-cycle-dependent oestradiol oxidation in rat uterus and the influence of androst-3-en-17-one.


A history of hematogenous metastasis.

A history of hematogenous metastasis.


Pharmacological studies of the antitumor agent 6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside.


Role of circulating catecholamines in human eccrine sweat gland control.


Evaluation techniques for Medical Information Systems.


General requirements for a Medical Information System (MIS).


Evaluation of a medical data system.

Evaluation of a medical data system.


Quality of data in the medical record.

Quality of data in the medical record.


Terminology and content of the medical record.


The Kaiser-Permanente Medical Information System.


A statewide Medical Information System.

A statewide Medical Information System.


High-level programming languages.

High-level programming languages.


Acquisition and analysis of narrative medical record data.


Mass random storage devices and their application to a Medical Information System (MIS).


The Medical Information System (MIS) of 1975.


Prototype for future computer medical records.


The use of drugs in various types of cancer. 1.


An enzymatic method for the determination of dCTP and dGTP in picomole amounts.


Enzymes from human gastric mucosa conferring blood-group A and B specificities upon erythrocytes.


The occurrence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose as a constituent in Salmonella lipopolysaccharide preparations.


Quantitative correlation between the distribution of anions and the pH difference across the mitochondrial membrane.


The Cu2 plus-alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli.


The trapping of uridine phosphates by D-galactosamine. D-glucosamine, and 2-deoxy-D-galactose. A study on the mechanism of galactosamine hepatitis.


The amino acid sequence of neurotoxin I of Androctonus australis hector.


The activation of mutant beta-galactosidase by specific antibodies. Purification of eleven antibody activatable mutant proteins and their subunits on sepharose immunosorbents. Determination of the molecular weights by sedimentation analysis and acrylamide gel electrophoresis.


Characterization of a 72 S mitochondrial ribosome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


The concurrent regulation of metabolically related enzymes. The Krebs cycle and glyoxylate shunt enzymes in Neurospora.


Effect of cholestyramine and diet on hydroxylations in the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids.


Messenger RNA in HeLa cells: an investigation of free and polyribosome-bound cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein particles by kinetic labelling and electron microscopy.


Energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll alpha fluorescence in isolated chloroplasts.


Mammalian cell-free protein synthesis directed by viral ribonucleic acid.


The inhibitory action of a mammalian viral RNA on the initiation of protein synthesis in a reticulocyte cell-free system.


Sterol biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis Z. Comparative study of free and bound sterols in light and dark grown Euglena gracilis Z.


Turnover rates and intracellular pool size distribution of citrate cycle intermediates in normal, diabetic and fat-fed rats estimated by computer analysis from specific activity decay data of 14C-labeled citrate cycle acids.


The cleavage of prolyl peptides by kidney peptidases. Partial purification of an "X-prolyl-aminopeptidase" from swine kidney microsomes.


The cleavage of prolyl peptides by kidney peptidases. Isolation of a microsomal carboxypeptidase from swine kidney.


On the biosynthesis of laminitol (D-4-C-methyl-myo-inositol) in Porphyridium sp.


Further studies on the effects of isoproterenol on RNA synthesis of salivary glands.


In vitro production of large osteoclasts by calf serum.


The effect of aspartate on the electroretinogram of the vertebrate retina.


Thermoregulatory heat production by periaortic brown adipose tissue in the non-cold-acclimatized rat.


Variation between species in the innervation of intra-testicular blood vessels.


[Effect of metoclopramide and structurally related agents on the catecholamine secretion of the perfused cat adrenal medulla].


Thyroid activity of the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus) using a cannula technique.


Incubation patch of the chicken: response to hormones in situ and transplanted to a dorsal site.


Immunological studies with rat pituitary growth hormone (RGH). II. Comparative immunochemical investigation of GH from representatives of various vertebrate classes with monkey antiserum to RGH.


Influence of surgical and steroidal bursectomy on the behavior of adrenal ascorbic acid during stress in juvenile pigeons.


The median eminence of the bowfin, Amia calva L.


The ovary of the guppy Poecilia reticulata. The granulosa cells as sites of steroid biosynthesis.


Electron microscope radioautography of amino acid incorporation by supraoptic neurons of the rat.


The antigonadal properties of prolactin in birds: failure of prolactin to inhibit the uptake of 32P by testes of cockerels in vivo.


Changes in the cytology of the pars distalis of pituitary of green frog, Rana esculenta, under laboratory confinement.


Effects of adrenalectomy and cortisol injection on the in vitro movement of water by the intestine of the freshwater European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.).


Giant rugal hypertrophy of stomach with protein loss and response to drug therapy.


Stress induced changes in catecholamine, glycogen and blood glucose levels and their modification by antiadrenergic drugs.


Metabolism of proline and of hydroxyproline.


Wavelength generalization and preference in monochromatically reared ducklings. Two experiments determined the effects of early color experience on gradients of wavelength generalization. In each experiment, one group of ducklings was raised in monochromatic (589 nanometers) sodium-vapor light and a second group, in white light. In Exp. I, ducklings pecked a key transilluminated by 589 nanometers. In a subsequent test, the group raised in white light produced steeper gradients. However, several monochromatically reared ducklings produced gradients as steep as those for the white-reared ducklings. In Exp. II, ducklings pecked a white line. In a subsequent test, using a fully illuminated key, subjects in both groups responded more often to "green" (510, 530, 550, or 570 nanometers) than to "non-green" wavelengths (490, 589, 610, or 650 nanometers). Ducklings raised in monochromatic light preferred shorter "green" wavelengths than ducklings raised in white light. This difference between the "green" preferences for the two groups accounted for most of the differences between the gradients of wavelength generalization obtained from the two groups in Exp. I after training at 589 nanometers.


Reduction of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal RNA genes in a mutant of Xenopus laevis which organizes only a partial nucleolus. I. Ribosomal RNA synthesis in embryos of different nucleolar types.


An x-ray crystallographic study of the rennin-like enzyme of Endothia parasitica.


Variation of the supercoils in closed circular DNA by binding of antibiotics and drugs: evidence for molecular models involving intercalation.


Effect of structural similarity on molecular interaction in aqueous solution. Interaction of phenazine and tetramethylpyrimidopteridinetetrone with alkylxanthines and benzene derivatives.


Priorities in medicine.

Priorities in medicine.


Thermal dissociation of sulfonylureas. Dissociation of tolbutamide in a series of aliphatic alcohols and in polyethylene glycol 400.


Muscarinic receptors: 4-substituted-3-trimethyl-ammoniumtetrahydrofuran halides.


A controlled study of medical work-load before and after 'ill-health retirement' of a group of mineworkers.


Effects of various doses of prednisolone on the phagocytic activity in axenic and holoxenic mice.


Cytotoxic factor from peritoneal cells: purification and characteristics.


Enhancement of allergic encephalomyelitis by administration of goldthioglucose.


Carbohydrate metabolism in leukocytes. XIV. Regulation of pentose cycle activity and glycogen metabolism during phagocytosis.


Alkylating anticancer agents and phagocytosis. I. Effects of a homologous series of 1,2-substituted 5-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-amino-benzimidazole derivatives on carbon clearance.


Purification of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes.


Cultivation and in vitro characterization of mouse phagocytic cells.


Reticuloendothelial system function after single and multiple injections of antilymphocyte serum.


Examination of a veterinary practice for radiation hazards.


Practice management: costing procedures.


Radiology of the normal canine thorax.

Radiology of the normal canine thorax.


Energy metabolism in surgical patients: oxygen consumption and blood flow.


Possible basis for specificity in attachment of histones to DNA in relation to genetic control in mRNA synthesis.


Biochemical model with multiple steady states and hysteresis.


Repetitive response of the Hodgkin-Huxley model for the squid giant axon.


Analysis of vegetation samples based on the use of information.


Mathematical model of clonal selection and antibody production.


Standing-gradient flows driven by active solute transport.


Molecular orbital calculations on the conformation of polypeptides and proteins. IV. The conformation of the prolyl and hydroxyprolyl residues.


Transport processes in the renal cortex.


Reassessment of the role of ATP in vivo.


Effect of changes in CO2 tension upon hydrogen ion activity of the skeletal muscle of the dog.


The effect of cholesterol feeding on the metabolism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, L-leucine and succinate in rats.


Computer simulation of thirst and water balance.


Determination of gestational age.

Determination of gestational age.


Negro children's speech: some social class differences in word predictability.


Stylostatistics of various psychiatric groups.


Phoneme repetition in the structure of languages.


Amyloidosis in Papua-New Guinea.

Amyloidosis in Papua-New Guinea.


The teaching of preventive medicine.

The teaching of preventive medicine.


Antithyroid effect of glibenclamide on the rat and mouse.


Cytoplasmic inheritance in metazoa and its relationship to cell phenotype. II. Preliminary experiments on the effect of cytoplasmic particles on ascites tumour cells.


The effect of glibenclamide on glucose uptake in the isolated rat diaphragm.


The biophysical effects of insulin-releasing agents on islet cells.


The metabolism of the pancreatic beta-cells of mice in the presence of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas.


Comparative studies of the effects of glibenclamide and tolbutamide on insulin release from isolated rat islets in vitro.


Clinical experience with glibenclamide in 300 diabetics.


A comparison of glibenclamide and chlorpropamide in the treatment of non-obese maturity onset diabetics.


Experimental studies with glibenclamide in the rat.


Radiology of the skull and central nervous system.


Glibenclamide for secondary failure of other sulphonylureas.


Drug therapy.

Drug therapy.


The influence of stereoencephalotomy on the physiology of the human subcortex.


Sensations of tone as perceptual forms.

Sensations of tone as perceptual forms.


The rodentia as omnivores.

The rodentia as omnivores.


The early M.S.R. examination.

The early M.S.R. examination.


From toy to top.

From toy to top.


A survey of silver recovery. II. The economics.


Department of diagnostic radiology, St. Jame's Hospital, Leeds.


Synthesis of 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-1H-pyrazolo-4,3-d pyrimidine.


Leishmaniasis in Brazil. V. Studies on the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso State, and observations on two distinct strains of Leishmania isolated from man and forest animls.


The development of trypanosomes, leishmaniae and ascitic tumour cells in the testicles of laboratory animals.


Human trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia: the Gilo River area.


Further studies on tissue forms of Trypanosoma brucei in a vertebrate host.


Separation of relapsing fever spirochaetes from blood by DEAE cellulose anion exchanger.


Imported disease--figures for Scotland.

Imported disease--figures for Scotland.


Resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine in Africa: true or false?


Enhancement of the density of circulating microfilariae with diethylcarbamazine.


Recovery of viable trypanosomatid flagellates from naturally infected tsetse flies and phlebotomine sandflies, previously preserved whole in liquid nitrogen (preliminary note).


Onchocerciasis; deep worm bundles close to hip joints.


Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi strain from British Honduras.


Entamoeba polecki von Prowazek, 1912 in New Guinea.


Egg laying behaviour in Biomphalaria.

Egg laying behaviour in Biomphalaria.


An appraisal of poultry inspection and dressing.


Schistosomiasis as a zoonosis in Nigeria.


Enzymatic microestimation of free and combined adenine in tissues.


Electron microscopic investigation of adrenergic and non-adrenergic axons in the rabbit SA-node.


The postnatal development of the blood supply of the frontoparietal, scapula and mandible of the cat.


Structure and biomechanical analysis of functions of the jaw muscles in the lizards.


Comparative morphological study of the major arterial supply to the thoracic limb of the domestic animals. (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Sus scrofa domestica, Equus caballus).


Study of man mediastinum connective architecture.


Mitotic activity in human lymphocyte cultures as a measure of cytotoxicity.


Helixen and actants. 3. Chromosome as an inevitable form for long DNA separation.


Failure to demonstrate tubule induction in a heterologous mesenchyme.


Changes in the distribution of thymidine-3H labeled cells in the growing liver acinus of neonatal rats.


Changes in antigenicity of basement membrane during wound healing.


The fine structure of fern root cells showing apospory.


Cytoplasmic microtubules and the mechanism of avian gastrulation.


The developmental effects of congenital hydrocephalus (ch) in the mouse.


Development of apposed sarcoplasmic reticulum at the T system and sarcolemma and the change in orientation of triads in rat skeletal muscle.


Induction of embryolike structures by kinetin in cultured barley embryos.


The synthesis and secretion of ribosomes by nurse cells of Antheraea polyphemus.


Pediatric radiology: yes or no?

Pediatric radiology: yes or no?


Problems in classification of coronary artery disease.


A proposed new vital event numeration unitary system for developed countries.


Trends in rheumatology 1969.

Trends in rheumatology 1969.


Characterisation of a lipoprotein fraction obtained from rat liver microsomes by treatment with isooctane.


The blue canary.

The blue canary.


Commission of inquiry into the mental disorders act in relation to the problems of today.


Lung function in silicosis in South African goldminers.


Assessment of a rapid bedside method for measuring blood urea.


History of diabetes.

History of diabetes.


Problems in epidemiological studies.

Problems in epidemiological studies.


Low-weight cape coloured mothers and their infants.


The biological assessment of protein quality: a comparison of certain rat strains in respect of homogeneity in response to protein feeding.


Maize: an historical, geographical and etymological essay.


A comparison of certain rat strains with respect to susceptibility to nephrocalcinosis.


The influence of pyrophosphate, condensed phosphates, phosphonates and other phosphate compounds on the dissolution of hydroxyapatite in vitro and on bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone in tissue culture and in thyroparathyroidectomised rats.


Fluoride and calcification of rat aorta.


Effect of acute changes in plasma calcium on adrenocortical secretory rates.


The concentration of calcium, inorganic phosphate and protein in the interstitial fluid of rats.


Periodic lattice images of hydroxyapatite crystals in human bone and dental hard tissues.


X-ray diffraction study of the mineralization of turkey leg tendon.


Calcium metabolism in response to heparin administration.


The survival of cells in human bone after exposure to air and saline correlated with deoxyribonucleic acid abnormalities.


Isoelectric focusing of human urinary proteins in polyacrylamide gel.


A new automated method for the determination of serum alpha-amylase.


Albumin synthesis in liver slices of cirrhotic rats.


Calibration, calibration drift and specimen interaction in autoanalyser systems.


Dietary vanillin does not affect the VMA method of Pisano et al.


The control of interference filters.

The control of interference filters.


Determination of bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity in needle-biopsy specimens of human liver.


A new method for the chemical identification of a mucopolysaccharidosis--Hurler's syndrome with giant hydrocephalus.


Reduction of plasma tyrosine by oral contraceptives and oestrogens: a possible consequence of tyrosine aminotransferase induction.


The influence of sodium chloride on the gel filtration of oestrogens on Sephadex.


The determination of glycine in biological fluids.


[Micromethod for the fractional extraction of extra- and intramitochondrial liver enzymes].


Heterozygote studies in cystinosis.

Heterozygote studies in cystinosis.


Terosite sulfonate: a sensitive reagent for the determination of serum iron.


Range expansion in auto-analyser recorders.


Low serum cholesterol with IgA-myelomatosis.


Effect of heat on the binding of vitamin B12 to serum transcobalamins.


Lymphadenosis benigna cutis: pseudomalignant form and its imprint smear cytology.


Growth inhibition of rat mammary carcinoma and endocrine changes produced by 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine, a suppressor of lactation and nidation.


The development of "spontaneous" neoplastic transformation in vitro of cells from young and old mice.


Lymphocyte-mobilizing agents: effect of polymethacrylic acid on transplantable lymphoma in rodents.


Cell proliferation in neuroblastoma.

Cell proliferation in neuroblastoma.


The influence of allogeneic inhibition and tumour age on the kinetics of L1210 leukaemia in vivo.


DNA synthesis during the life cycle of L cells: morphological, histochemical and biochemical investigations with arabinosylcytosine and thioarabinosylcytosine.


Erythrocyte osmotic fragility in Friend virus-infected mice.


Structure and activity in chemical carcinogenesis: reactivity and carcinogenicity of 7-bromomethylbenz[alpha]anthracene and 7-bromomethyl-12-methylbenz[alpha]anthracene.


The production of chronic gastritis and ulceration in the glandular stomach of rats by iodoacetamide (IAM).


The carcinogenic activity of dibutylnitrosamine in IF x C57 mice.


Experimental chemotherapy of a transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma in the rat.


Scientific and professional education in gerontology.


Degranulation of beta-cells of the islets of lagerhans following intragastric administration of magnesium chloride.


Obstruction of inferior vena cava as a factor for reduced blood pressure on distension of stomach in dogs.


Effect of adrenaline on urine output in rats.


Interaction between benzothiadiazines and tolbutamide on uric acid metabolism.


The role of acetylcholine in cardio-respiratory adaptations during hypothermia and rewarming.


Effect of sodium bicarbonate on tolerance to orally admininstered iron.


Study of the antioestrogenic activity of alcoholic extracts of petals and seeds of Butea frondosa.