An investigation into the central pathways concerned in the regulation of antidiuretic hormone release in the cat.


Behavioural study of brain damage following profound hypoxia.


The localization of enterokinase to the brush-border membrane of the guinea-pig small intestine.


The effect of cell size on the Na and K concentrations in single oocytes of Bufo bufo.


Changes in stretch reflexes in limb extensor muscles during position reflexes from the labyrinth in the cat.


Class experiment on reflex inhibition of the electrically recorded ankle jerk reflex in man.


The role of knee joint kinematics in standing with a bent knee.


A radio-immunoassay for gastrin in human plasma.


The effect of calcium ions on long chain fatty acid transport by slices of rat jejunum. 1. There is a large increase in palmitic acid uptake by rat jejunum slices when incubated in the presence of calcium. This effect is observed at both 37 and at 0 degrees C.2. The presence or absence of calcium in the incubation medium does not affect triglyceride synthesis from absorbed fatty acid.3. The release of synthesized triglyceride from the tissue into the medium is increased by calcium.4. The probability that calcium transport and long chain fatty acid transport may be interrelated at both the brush border and at the basal and lateral membranes of the intestinal mucosal epithelial cell is discussed.


The effect of progressive hypoxia on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of the pigeon and duck. 1. During the initial stages of progressive hypoxia in ducks and pigeons (P(a, O2) 100 --> 60 mm Hg) there were no significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure or oxygen uptake, but respiratory frequency increased.2. As hypoxia became more profound (P(a, O2) 60 --> 30 mm Hg), there was a significant tachycardia, and blood pressure fell slightly in both animals. Respiratory frequency continued to increase in both species, and ducks were able to maintain their oxygen uptake at control levels at a lower P(a, O2) than pigeons.3. The response to progressive hypoxia of pigeons and ducks was compared with that of the domestic fowl. The former two birds could maintain control of their cardiovascular system at a lower environmental oxygen concentration than the latter. Arterial P(O2) followed a similar course in all three birds in relation to environmental oxygen content. Pigeons and ducks were therefore able to endure a lower arterial P(O2) than chickens.


The relation between L-methionine uptake and sodium in rat small intestine in vitro. 1. Uptakes of L-methionine and mannitol by rat jejunum in vitro were measured over test periods from 5 to 120 sec after 30 min pre-test periods in the presence or absence of Na.2. The initial stage in methionine uptake was dependent on the presence of Na(+) and to a lesser extent on the K(+) concentration. In contrast mannitol uptake was independent of Na and K.3. The initial stage in methionine uptake can be reactivated 30-60% within 5 sec by replacing an Na-deficient intestine into an Na-containing medium.4. Initial methionine uptake was greater with a normal intracellular and low medium Na concentration than with a high medium and low intracellular Na concentration. It is suggested that the intracellular Na concentration is a critical factor, more important than the Na gradient, in determining the rate of amino acid transfer across the luminal membrane.


Effects of catecholamines on the neuromuscular junction in the rat diaphragm. 1. The effects of noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline on neuromuscular transmission in the rat diaphragm and the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on these actions were investigated.2. The resting membrane potential of the muscle fibre was increased by adrenaline (5 x 10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml.) and isoprenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) up to 3-4 mV, but noradrenaline (5 x 10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml.) had little effect.3. The amplitude and the half-decay time of the end-plate potential (e.p.p.) were increased by noradrenaline (1 x 10(-6) g/ml.), adrenaline (1 x 10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml.) and isoprenaline (1-5 x 10(-6) g/ml.). The potentiation of the amplitude of the e.p.p. was greater with noradrenaline than with adrenaline and isoprenaline.4. Noradrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.), but not their amplitude. However, isoprenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the amplitude of m.e.p.p.s without change in frequency. Adrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased both frequency and amplitude of m.e.p.p.s.5. Adrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and isoprenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) increased the input resistance of the muscle membrane. The effect was blocked by the beta-blocker, pronethalol (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.), but not by the alpha-blocker, phentolamine (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.). Noradrenaline did not change the input resistance of the muscle fibre.6. Noradrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and adrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) augmented the extracellularly recorded end-plate current (e.p.c.), but they had no effect on the half duration, nor on the action current (a.c.) of the nerve terminal, nor on the synaptic delay. Isoprenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) had no effect on any of these parameters. The actions of noradrenaline and adrenaline on e.p.c. were abolished by phentolamine (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.), but not by pronethalol (2 x 10(-6) g/ml.).7. Adrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) and isoprenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.) enhanced the amplitude of the acetylcholine potential elicited by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine. No such effect was produced by noradrenaline (5 x 10(-6) g/ml.).8. It was concluded that noradrenaline acts on the nerve ending increasing the release of transmitter, and that isoprenaline acts on the post-synaptic membrane enhancing the input resistance, while adrenaline has both presynaptic and post-synaptic actions. The effect on the nerve ending is concerned with the alpha-action, whereas that on post-synaptic membrane with beta-action of the catecholamines.


Calcium, magnesium and the electrical activity of guinea-pig olfactory coex in vitro. 1. Evoked electrical activity was observed in slices from guinea-pig olfactory cortex maintained in vitro. This evoked activity was studied in saline solutions containing various concentrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+).2. The evoked potentials recorded from the surface of the prepiriform cortex comprised a negative wave (N-wave) of about 10-15 msec duration upon which a variable number of short duration positive notches were superimposed. The N-wave was identified as a population excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) of the olfactory cortex neurones and the positive notches were identified with synchronous discharge of cortical neurones.3. The relation between the EPSP amplitude and saline Ca(2+) concentration was sigmoid. The N-wave amplitude (EPSP) was proportional to [Ca(2+)](o) (n). When saline Ca(2+) was between 0.4 and 1 mMn averaged 2.5 (range 1.5-4.3).4. The EPSP amplitude was reduced by increasing saline [Mg(2+)]. High Mg(2+) salines (about 10 mM) abolished the EPSP.5. Both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in high concentrations depressed the positive notches.6. Salines containing little or no Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) caused the preparation to show signs of hyperexcitability. Under these conditions the evoked potentials were very variable and unstable. ;Ca(2+)-free' salines caused a reversible loss of excitability.7. The results indicated that Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) had antagonistic effects on the release of the transmitter substance(s). Increased Ca(2+) concentrations increased the output of transmitter, increased Mg(2+) concentrations reduced the output of transmitter. Both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in increasing concentration increased the threshold for action potential generation.


The binding of thyroid hormones to phospholipid membranes. 1. Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine are bound by liposomes (bimolecular phospholipid membranes produced by dispersing egg-yolk lecithin in water). At pH 7.4 the ;partition coefficient' between water and the phospholipid is 1.2 x 10(4) for thyroxine and 2.2 x 10(4) for tri-iodothyronine. The partition coefficient falls off rapidly in more alkaline solutions as the phenolic group on the hormones becomes ionized.2. The binding of thyroxine by membranes is very rapid, occurring at rates equivalent to those found in the binding of thyroxine by serum.3. Lecithin membranes are readily permeable to thyroxine (the oil:water partition coefficient is 1.7).4. The binding of thyroid hormones by perfused rat hearts and the binding of thyroid hormones by liposomes are similar in their sensitivity to pH. Simple alcoholic extracts of tissues have strong thyroxine-binding activity.5. These results are discussed in relation to the nature and function of the tissue thyroxine-binding reaction.


The range and scope of binocular depth discrimination in man. 1. Depth discrimination, using disparity cues alone, was studied with a small fixation point and briefly exposed, vertical slit-shaped targets.2. The upper limit for reliable qualitative localization of a slit as nearer or further than the fixation point is 4-7 deg of absolute disparity in a convergent direction and 9-12 deg in a divergent direction. Even larger absolute disparities can be recognized in the peripheral visual field.3. Relative depth discrimination between two slit targets was measured as a function of their spatial position. The horopter (the locus of targets that appear to be fused binocularly) is the region of maximum stereoacuity and this does not necessarily coincide with the Vieth-Müller circle (the locus of zero geometric or absolute disparity). There is a gradual increase in stereo-threshold as the targets are moved out along the horopter, away from the fixation point into the peripheral visual field. The relative disparity threshold also rises, approximately exponentially, as the targets are moved in depth or absolute disparity away from the horopter.4. Relative depth discrimination is, then, operative over a very wide band of visual space around the horopter (about 3 deg of absolute disparity in the centre of the visual field and even more in the periphery).5. The findings are discussed in relation to the neurophysiology of binocular neurones of the cat cortex. The dimensions of visual space under observation by the binocular apparatus of cat and man are rather similar. The sharper decline of stereo-acuity with absolute disparity in the centre of the visual field may be related to the limits of bilateral representation of a central strip of retina in the human brain.


Evidence for two types of sodium conductance in axons perfused with sodium fluoride solution. 1. Voltage clamp experiments were carried out on squid giant axons internally perfused with 300 mM-NaF + sucrose. K-free artificial sea-water, -0.3 to 3.5 degrees C, was used externally.2. Membrane currents were corrected for capacitative and leakage components, and the resulting Na current was converted to Na conductance, g(Na). An attempt was made to fit changes in g(Na) according to the Hodgkin-Huxley model, namely [Formula: see text]. According to the model g(Na) is a constant, m(infinity) and h(infinity) are steady-state values which depend only on voltage, tau(m) (-1) and tau(h) (-1) are rate constants which also are functions only of voltage.3. Stepwise depolarizations from the holding potential (-67 to -83 mV) to a potential which varied from -10 to +63 mV resulted in an exponential decline of h from its initial level to a final, non-zero level. If the test depolarization was preceded by a positive prepulse (duration, 19-105 msec; voltage, -6 to 94 mV) the rate constant for h, tau(h) (-1), was increased roughly threefold with practically no change in the final level.4. The steady-state level of h was studied by using prepulses of varying amplitude followed by a test depolarization. In one such experiment a value of 0.34 was obtained for a 105 msec prepulse to -49 mV. The same value for the steady level of h was obtained from analysing a record taken at +52 mV. If the potential was switched from -49 to +52 mV there was a transient increase in g(Na) although h(infinity) had the same value at these two potentials.5. Recovery from depolarization was studied by repolarizing the fibre for varying lengths of time, then applying a test depolarization. If the first depolarization was strongly positive (for example, 70 mV), so that the steady level of h was large (0.39), the currents associated with the test pulse could not be fitted on the basis of an exponential increase in h during the recovery period. Rather, the results suggested that on repolarization h rapidly decreased initially, then slowly increased.6. These results can be explained by assuming that h is given by the sum of two components, h(1) and h(2). Changes are represented kinetically by h(1) right harpoon over left harpoon x right harpoon over left harpoon h(2), where x signifies the inactive state. The distribution is shifted to the left at negative potentials and to the right for positive ones. The resulting Na conductance is comprised of two types: the first type, g(Na)m(3)h(1), is similar to the Hodgkin-Huxley system and underlines the usual transient increase in g(Na) associated with depolarization; the second type, g(Na)m(3)h(2), is maintained with depolarization and gives rise to a steady level of g(Na).


Sodium and potassium currents in squid axons perfused with fluoride solutions. 1. Axons perfused with a K-free solution containing 300 mM-NaF + sucrose to maintain isotonicity (referred to as 300 mM-NaF) and placed in K-free artificial sea-water usually depolarized spontaneously to around 0 mV. The membrane could be hyperpolarized to -70 to -100 mV with a small inwardly directed current; in one experiment the holding current was measured and was found to be less than 20 muA/cm(2).2. Membrane currents associated with a step depolarization from a potential which varied from -70 to -100 mV showed three phases: (a) an initial capacitative transient, (b) an early current which was inward for small depolarizations and outward for large ones, (c) a smaller maintained current. The currents in (b) and (c) are considered to be carried by Na ions since they both reversed direction at the same potential which was on the average within 0.3 mV of the equilibrium potential for Na ions, 10.4 mV at 0 degrees C and 11 mV at 16.5 degrees C, as estimated from measurements made with a cation-sensitive glass electrode.3. The instantaneous current-voltage relation was determined at the time of peak current and at the end of a long prepulse when the current had reached a steady level. In both cases the curve was approximately linear with a slight deviation at negative potentials.4. Prepulses, lasting 11-48 msec, to a potential of 33-64 mV (0-3.5 degrees C) produced a shift in the equilibrium potential of 0.6-3.3 mV. This small change can be accounted for by assuming that Na ions accumulate in the Frankenhaeuser-Hodgkin space.5. Both peak and steady-state components of Na current were blocked by tetrodotoxin (10(-7) g/ml.) in the external solution.6. The values of peak and steady-state Na conductance were strongly voltage-dependent for V less than -20 mV; for V more negative than -40 mV the peak and steady-state values increased e-fold for a change in potential of 4 and 6-8 mV respectively. At positive potentials the peak conductance was relatively independent of potential, whereas the steady-state curve showed an increase; at 50 mV the steady-state conductance was on the average 0.44 times the peak value for temperatures -0.3 to 4 degrees C and 0.24 times the peak value for a temperature of 16.5 degrees C.7. Following an 18-164 min perfusion period with 300 mM-NaF, the delayed K currents with 300 mM-KF were reduced in amplitude to less than one-tenth the initial level. This apparent removal of the delayed rectifier was not accompanied by any significant change in either the relation between peak early current and voltage or the associated equilibrium potential.8. In an experiment in which tetrodotoxin was used to block the early channel, K currents were determined before and after NaF perfusion. In both cases the kinetics on depolarization followed the Hodgkin-Huxley n(4) relationship and the rate constants were similar, although after NaF perfusion the amplitude was reduced to 0.07 times the control level.9. In axons perfused with 300 mM-KF, following removal of the delayed rectifier by 300 mM-NaF, the ratio of steady-state Na current: peak Na current was estimated to be about half the value obtained with NaF. A similar decrease was obtained in an axon which was perfused with 300 mM-CsF; on subsequent perfusion with 300 mM-KF, following 35 min with CsF, about half the original delayed current was present.10. The general conclusion is that in axons perfused with 300 mM-NaF the Na conductance is not fully inactivated by depolarizations which last for tens of milliseconds. The maintained component may underlie the plateau phase of long lasting action potentials which have been recorded under similar conditions.


Rate constants associated with changes in sodium conductance in axons perfused with sodium fluoride. 1. Membrane currents during step depolarizations were measured in axons which were perfused with 300 mM-NaF and placed in K-free artificial sea-water, -0.3-4 degrees C. The Na conductance was fitted by the modified Hodgkin-Huxley model, g(Na) = g(Na)m(3)(h(1) + h(2)). Changes in h(1) and h(2) were assumed to follow [Formula: see text] where x represents the inactive state.2. The rate constants and steady-state values for m were in agreement with the Hodgkin-Huxley equations except that the experimental relationship of m(infinity) (3) against V was shifted 10-15 mV in the negative direction. This discrepancy, which was not found in an experiment with choline sea-water, can be explained on the basis of a resistance in series with the membrane between the voltage measuring electrodes.3. At 0 degrees C the rate constants (in msec(-1)) associated with changes in h(1) and h(2) were fitted using the following equations: beta(h1) = 0.5/{exp [- (V + 32)/10] + D(1)exp (- V/V(1))}, alpha(h2) = pexp (V/V(2)), beta(h2) = pexp (V/V(2) - V/23.5) + pD(2), with the condition that at 0 mV, (alpha(h2) + beta(h2)) = p(D(2) + 2) = 0.55 msec(-1). The experiments gave average values D(1) = 3.6, V(1) = 240 mV, p = 0.08 msec(-1) and V(2) = 70 mV. The average value of g(Na) was 66 mmho/cm(2).4. At negative voltages where m(infinity) (3) against V is steep, the points for beta(h1) and alpha(h2)/beta(h2) from axons in Na sea-water were not fitted well by the above equations whereas data from an axon in choline sea-water were. These discrepancies can be explained on the basis of a series resistance.5. Measurements made at 16-17 degrees C indicated that g(Na) has a Q(10) of 1.6, tau(m) (-1) a Q(10) of 2.8 and beta(h1) a Q(10) of 3.5. The ratio alpha(h2)/beta(h2) was decreased relative to the value at 0 degrees C and could be fitted by using Q(10) = 0.6.6. Measurements made with 250 mM-NaF + 50 mM-KF inside gave rate constants which were very similar to those obtained with 300 mM-NaF. Perfusion with 300 mM-KF appeared to double the value of beta(h1), relative to that obtained with 300 mM-NaF, and to reduce alpha(h2)/beta(h2) by about half.7. The voltage dependence of alpha(h2) makes it likely that following depolarization recovery from the inactive state x occurs via x --> h(1) rather than x --> h(2) --> h(1).


Slow changes in membrane permeability and long-lasting action potentials in axons perfused with fluoride solutions. 1. Voltage clamp experiments were carried out on squid giant axons which were perfused internally with 300 mM-NaF + sucrose and placed in K-free artificial sea-water at 16-17 degrees C. On stepwise depolarization (V = -38.5 to 68 mV) the Na conductance g(Na) rapidly reached a peak value and then declined to a new level; this ;maintained' level was slowly inactivated in an exponential manner with a rate constant which varied from 0.3 to 1.1 sec(-1). This process was not influenced appreciably by replacing 50 mM-NaF with KF.2. On repolarization to a potential which varied between -73 and -101 mV the slow inactivation was removed with a rate constant of 0.11-0.73 sec(-1).3. Prolonged depolarization also produced a slow inactivation of the ability of the membrane to give a transient increase in g(Na). This effect developed at a rate about (1/3)-(1/2) that associated with the inactivation of the ;maintained' component; on repolarization, recovery of the peak g(Na) was 1-2 times as fast as recovery of the ;maintained' g(Na).4. In experiments on fibres perfused with 300 mM-KF after internal NaF had removed the usual delayed K conductance, depolarization resulted in an outward current which developed in an exponential manner with a time constant of a fraction of a second. The equilibrium potential for this component was more negative than -50 mV.5. Long-lasting action potentials were computed on the basis of the above slow changes and, except for the period of final repolarization, were found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental records. The discrepancies suggest that there may be additional slow changes in permeability which could not be resolved in the present experiments.


The activity characteristics of the preganglionic pupilloconstrictor neurones. 1. Recordings have been made of pupilloconstrictor unit activity within the small-celled component of the oculomotor nucleus of the cat. The identity of these neurones was determined by testing unit responses to a sequence of stimuli which produced dilation and constriction of the sympathectomized pupil.2. The frequency range of unit activity was from 0 to 28/sec. A maximal constriction of the pupil was maintained by unit activity in the region of 8/sec. The resting level of unit activity under chloralose anaesthesia was typically in the range 6-10/sec.3. Stimulation in the defence area of the hypothalamus produced a maximal pupillodilation associated with a complete inhibition of unit activity and a block of the light reflex response.4. Onset of retinal illumination produced a burst discharge followed by a transient silent period and then an over-all increase in the rate of activity.5. Cessation of retinal illumination produced a post-excitatory depression of unit activity lasting from 190 to 700 msec. It is suggested that this effect is produced by retinal afferents activated by light ;off' that exert an inhibitory influence on the pupilloconstrictor neurones.


Time course of the sodium permeability change during a single membrane action potential. 1. A method for measuring the time course of ionic fluxes during a non-propagated membrane action potential is described; the technique combines intracellular perfusion of the squid giant axon with radioactive tracer methods and with a method for controlling the membrane potential during small time intervals.2. The method is used to determine the temporal course of the sodium extra influx during an action potential.3. The results agree with the time course of the permeability change to sodium ions calculated with the Hodgkin & Huxley equations.4. An average extra sodium influx of 7.13 p-mole/cm(2) per action potential was determined at 12 degrees C and of 5.23 p-mole/cm(2) per action potential at 15 degrees C.


Parallel spindle systems in the small muscles of the rat tail. 1. The examination consisted of a histological analysis using paraffin sections, gold chloride staining and osmic acid techniques.2. The parallel spindle system found in the rat tail muscles is compared with that found in frog muscles. The rat spindle system occasionally included extrafusal fibres.3. It was evident that there are basic Class differences between the frog and rat tail parallel spindles, but it is suggested that they may serve a similar proprioceptive role in muscles having almost isometric contractions.4. Other short muscles of the rat that might have an analogous function to the tail muscles were examined, but only the capitus and deep masseter muscles showed parallel spindle systems, and none contained extrafusal fibres.5. Of other mammals examined, the muscles of the tails of the cat, rabbit, mouse and guinea-pig contained parallel spindles, while the dog and mole showed none in the small sample taken.6. Nerve trunk fibre size histograms, including de-efferented trunks, indicated a high proportion of sensory nerve fibres from the tail (55%), a low motor unit ratio (1:60) and a beta axon motor supply both to the spindles and to the small muscles of the tail.7. A generalized schema of the rat tail anatomy is presented, and a tabulation of the large sensory endings expected to be found in any particular small tail muscle.8. It was concluded that the rat tail has a spindle density enough to provide a proprioceptive sensitivity equivalent to that of a caudal digit.


The determination of metal content in biochemical products by atomic absorption spectroscopy. I. Cytochrome-C and chlorophyllins.


Microdetermination of N-substituted phenothiazine compounds by coulometric techniques.


Infection and the obstetric patient.

Infection and the obstetric patient.


On the significance of manganese contents in the whole blood and urine of manganese handlers.


Some topics of Japanese psychiatry in relation to Western psychiatry.


Meaningful clues and physical signs in chest disease.


Depletion of femur bone mineral at the onset of egg production in S.C.W. Leghorn pullets.


The nature of the biochemical lesion in avian renal riboflavinuria. 6. Hormone induction of the riboflavin-binding protein in roosters and young chicks.


Sterility and reproductive inhibition of Japanese quail induced by mestranol ingestion.


Effects of urethane on electrocorticogram in the chicken.


Anticholesterolic effects of unsaponifiable fractions of vegetable oils in chicks. I. Short-term effects of soy sterols.


Anticholesterolic effects of unsaponifiable fractions of vegetable oils in chicks. 2. Comparative evaluation of various oils.


Use of the laying cycle as a criterion of dietary protein or sulfur amino acid adequacy.


Further studies on the nutritive value of opaque-2 corn for the chick.


Diurnal activity patterns of broilers in a controlled environment.


Some observations on behavior and reproductive organs in blinded chickens.


Graft versus host reactivity of chicken lymphocytes, altered by homologous ribonucleic acid.


Radio telemeters for temperature and biopotentials.


Temperature and light and broiler growth 2.


The response of chicks to sodium sulfate supplementation of a corn-soy diet.


Physiological differences associated with genetic differences in egg production. 1. Organ and endocrine gland weights.


Physiological differences associated with genetic differences in egg production. 2. Gross chemical composition of the body.


Physiological differences associated with genetic differences in egg production. 3. Gonadotrophin sensitivity.


Increased incidence of encephalomalacia in the chick by dietary phytol.


Some enzyme activities of chicken spermatozoa.


Tylosin tartrate absorption of turkey and chicken eggs dipped using pressure and temperature differentials.


Use of feathers in a gel precipitation test for Marek's disease.


Onset of egg production and its relationship to isoenzymes of serum alkaline phosphatase in Japanese quail.


Effectiveness of gentamicin sulfate against Paracolobactrum arizonae infection of turkey poults.


Immunocompetent cells in the blood of immunized chickens.


Effect of dietary vitamin K on avian brain thromboplastin activity.


The toxicity of trimethylene glycol for the chick.


Influence of methionine, lysine and tryptophan upon food intake and production responses in laying chickens.


A possible role of LH released soon after ovulation for succeeding ovulation in the hen.


"Extra caloric" effect of dietary fat for developing turkeys as influenced by calorie-protein ratio.


Dietary lipid effect on atherogenesis and plasma lipids in cockerels.


Influence of protein intake, fasting and refeeding on liver size and composition in chicks.


Heritability and correlation estimates for serum alkaline phosphatase and growth in the chick.


Weights of some internal organs and glands of fully developed parthenogenetic and normal turkey embryos.


Choline and inositol in laying hen nutrition.


Ultraviolet irradiation as a protective measure for chickens exposed to Newcastle disease virus.


An intubator and control system for intratracheal inoculation of dust in chickens.


A disposable isolation chamber system for use in avian disease research.


Activation of non competent embryonic chicken spleen and bone marrow cells by thymus and bursa Fabricii extracts.


Failure of excess glycine to aggravate choline-deficiency perosis in the young chick.


The response of turkey poults to moenomycin.


Myocardial revascularization: the Cleveland Clinic experience.


Suture anastomosis of the internal mammary artery to the anterior descending coronary artery.


Research on endemic goiter in Latin America.


Towards the conquest of the deficiency diseases.


Nutrition at the local health service level in Latin America.


The architectural pattern and post-hypophysectomy changes of the neurosecretory system in the freshwater teleost Rita rita (Ham.).


The choroid plexus of the mouse: a macroscopic, microscopic and fine structural study.


The fine structure of extraocular muscles of the tree sparrow, Passer Montanus L.


Connective tissue in six marine sponges: a histological and histochemical study.


Persistence of horizontal cells of the Cajal foetal type and of the subpial granular layer in parts of the mammalian paleocortex.


The stratification in the reptilian central nervous system.


Ultrastructure of thyroid glands transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of thyroidectomized rats.


Trigemino-thalamic fibre connections in the goat. An experimental anatomical study.


The structure of the brain and its correlation in Nandus nandus (Ham.) and Xenentodon cancila (Ham.).


Anatomical study of the lacrimal apparatus of the one-humped camel.


Use of migration inhibition test in studies of cellular immunity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats.


Effect of enrichment of deficient diet on dental caries in white rats.


Absorption of synthetic and natural folic acid compounds.


Influence of protein-free diet on the digestion of proteins and absorption of amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract.


A field laboratory for photosynthesis measurement.


Effects of actinomycin D and puromycin on different phases of the life cycle of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro.


Economic benefits to the livestock producer and to the consumer from the use of feed additives.


Physiological behaviour of a natural iron chelate: the Ca chlorophyllinate fed to veal calves.


Reevaluation of the insoleucine requirement of the growing pig--plasma free isoleucine as a response criterion.


Meat and bone meals as sources of amino acids for growing swine: use of a reference diet to predict amino acid adequacy by plasma levels.


Meat and bone meals as sources of amino acids for the growing rat: use of a reference diet to predict amino acid adequacy by levels of plasma free amino acids.


Hepatic derangements (biochemical) in acute copper sulphate poisoning.


Role of immunity in malaria.

Role of immunity in malaria.


Common cold and the possibility of its immunoprophylaxis.


Drug resistance in tuberculosis.

Drug resistance in tuberculosis.


Coxsackie virus as one of the possible aetiologic agents of encephalitis in Calcutta.


Viral encephalitis in India.

Viral encephalitis in India.


Thymine-requiring mutants of the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis.


Aeromonas liquefaciens in the giant African snail, Achantina fulica.


Microsporidian infection of a marine nematode, metoncholaimus scissus.


Production of the spore-delta-endotoxin complex by variants of bacillus thuringiensis in two fermentation media.


Defense reactions of Drosophila euronotus larvae against the hymenopterous parasite Pseudeucoila bochei.


Virus causing paralysis of adult honeybees in Ohio.


Occluded and free virions in midgut cells of Malacosoma disstria infected with cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus (CPV).


Properties of RNA from cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus of the white-marked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma.


The delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto: a toxic low molecular weight fragment.


An interim nomenclature system for the iridescent group of insect viruses.


Large-scale irrigation and Arbovirus epidemiology, Kano Plain, Kenya. I. Description of the area and preliminary studies on the mosquitoes.


The colonization of Anopheles litoralis King in the Philippines.


A comparative study of growth and development in Florida mosquitoes. 3. Effects of temporary crowding on larval aggregation formation, pupal ecdysis and adult characteristics at emergence.


The Phlebotomus of Taiwan.

The Phlebotomus of Taiwan.


A revision of Palaearctic Tabanidae (Diptera) described by J. C. Fabricius.


The influence of moonlight and other environmental factors on the abundance of certain mosquito species in light-trap collections in Thailand.


Population dynamics of Telenomus fariai (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a parasite of Chagas' disease vectors. IV. Effect of female size on progeny.


Amblyomma (Acarina: Ixodidae) on white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), from south Texas with implications for theileriasis.


Feeding electrograms of Hyalomma aegyptium ticks at different temperatures.


Linkage relationships between the white eye mutant and malathion resistance in Culex tarsalis Coquillett.


New North American host and distribution records for the mite genus Dermanyssus (Acari: Mesostigamata: Dermanyssidae).


Aggregation by ovipositing Mansonioides mosquitoes.


Description of the male and immature stages of ixodes. I. Werneri Kohls (Acarina: Ixodidae), a parasite of Rattus in mountains of Palawan, Malaya, and Java.


Breath, CO2 and human handling of the host as factors affecting the feeding behavior of adult Aedes aegypti (L.) on Lepidoptera larvae.


Survival of Pasteurella tularensis in flea larvae.


Ixodes albignaci Uilenberg and Hoogstraal: description of the male, nymph, and larva, and distribution and hosts in Madagascar (Acarina: Ixodidae).


Attempts to transmit Chikungunya virus with six species of mosquito.


Comparison of precipitin-test results with mosquito blood meals after prolonged storage under different conditions.


Attraction of deer flies (Chrysops) (Diptera: Tabanidae) to traps baited with dry ice under field conditions in Louisiana.


Forest mosquitoes of the eastern Himalayan foothills of India.


The physiological age of Wisconsin Aedes mosquitoes parasitized by water-mites.


A new subgenus of intranasal chiggers of the genus Microtrombicula from North America and Korea.


Photoperiod and temperature influences on diapause in eggs of the floodwater mosquito, Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae).


Isolation of Phlebotomus fever virus from Phlebotomus papatasi and determination of the host ranges of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in West Pakistan.


Some notes on the genus Boophilus (Ixodidae), with special reference to species found in Israel.


Integrated control of muscid flies in poultry houses using predator mites, selected pesticides and microbial agents.


Retardation of growth rate in Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae exposed to vital dyes.


An evaluation of insecticides for flea control on wild mammals.


Establishment of a line of cells derived from ovarian tissue of Clex quinquefasciatus Say.


The immature stages of Culicoides arboricola Root and Hoffman (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).


Relationship between filtering activity and ingestion of solids by larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens: a method for assessing phagostimulant factors.


Enemies of Triatoma dimidiata Latreille, 1811 in an endemic area of Chagas' disease in Costa Rica (Hemiptera, Reduviidae).


Enteropathogenic types of Escherichia coli from primates and cockroaches in a zoo.


Isolatin of a PL agent (Chlamydi, Bedsonia) from ticks (Argas (P.) arboreus) parasitic on the white-necked cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Ethiopia.


Ultrastructure of the foetal-maternal attachment in the pig.


Alterations in the size of the intercellular spaces in sheep rumen epithelium.


Morphological changes in rumen epithelium after treatment with ouabain.


Volume and electrophoretic mobility distribution patterns in a reticulocyte-enriched fraction from the blood of anaemic sheep.


Short-term measurements of amino acid and sodium fluxes across the mucosal border of goldfish intestine.


The effect of adsorbed cationic polypeptides on the electrical properties of anionic lipid bilayer membranes.


The effect of charge on the physical and biological properties of liposomes. A report of work in progress.


Aspects of the micro-anatomy of the structures and microcirculation in the calf's lymph nodes.


Adrenergic and cholnergic innervation of the reproductive tract and ovary in the guinea-pig and rabbit.


An implanted chamber and catheter for the collection of tissue (wound) fluid from sheep.


Two non-injection methods for displaying vascular pattern in histological sections.


Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of acrosomes of bull spermatozoa.


Measurement of heat loss from the skin by means of radiotelemetry.


Central adaptation in the salamander spinal cord.


Glucose-induced electrical activity in pancreatic islet cells. 1. Intracellular recording of the transmembrane potential in mouse pancreatic cells revealed a membrane potential of -20.1 +/- 0.8 mV for islet cells and -41.2 +/- 1.4 mV for acinar cells.2. The membrane potential of islet cells was glucose dependent and in the absence of glucose the cells hyperpolarized to -32.7 mV; with glucose 27.7 mM they depolarized to -16.1 mV.3. Above a threshold concentration of glucose (4 mM) small action potentials of amplitude 1-4 mV were induced in islet cells. The percentage of cells impaled exhibiting action potentials reached a maximum of 80% at 27.7 mM glucose.4. Mannose 16.6 mM was similar to glucose in its ability to induce action potential discharge in islet cells.5. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (0.25 mM) hyperpolarized islet cells and blocked electrical activity induced by glucose 11.1 mM.6. Adrenaline (1 muM) completely blocked glucose-induced electrical activity but without altering the membrane potential.7. The origin and functional significance of glucose-induced electrical activity in islet cells is discussed in relation to insulin secretion.


Accessibility of heart water to pentoses. 1. The raffinose space, the inulin space and the weight loss on compression of perfused rat hearts are indistinguishable in magnitude.2. The inulin space shows systematic variations from day to day and is also affected by the procedure used for removing surplus water from the perfused heart. It is therefore not safe to use a mean figure of extracellular space in permeability experiments.3. Perfusion of hearts with arabinose solutions alters the intracellular water content. These alterations can be accounted for if it is assumed that the arabinose which penetrates the cells is uniformly distributed in the cell water.4. By appropriate choice of pentose concentration and of time of perfusion it can be shown that all the estimated cell water is accessible to pentose.5. It is concluded that no detectable fraction of the extracellular water is inaccessible to inulin and that no detectable fraction of the intracellular water is inaccessible to pentose.


Electrical activity in pancreatic islet cells: effect of ions. 1. Intracellular micro-electrode recording techniques have been used to study the effects of varying the external ion concentration on the membrane potential and glucose-induced electrical activity in cells from mouse islets of Langerhans.2. Increasing [K](o) to 47 mM depolarized islet cells without inducing electrical activity. Normal action potentials were generated in response to glucose after removal of [K](o) for 60 min.3. Reduction of [Cl](o) to 12 mM did not affect the membrane potential and glucose still induced electrical activity.4. Reduction of [Na](o) to 26 mM increased the amplitude of action potentials; subsequently the cells depolarized.5. Removal of [Ca](o) caused cells, already firing action potentials intermittently in response to glucose, to change their pattern of discharge to one of continuous firing. The time constant of the action potentials was also increased. Depletion of calcium for 60 min before addition of glucose prevented the appearance of electrical activity.6. Increasing [Ca](o) threefold to 7.7 mM in the presence of glucose, 11.1 mM, increased action potential amplitude to 12 mV, but a tenfold increase of [Ca](o) to 25.6 mM completely blocked action potential discharge.7. Exposure of islet cells simultaneously to reduced [Na](o) (26 mM) and increased [Ca](o) (7.7 mM) increased the amplitude of glucose-induced action potentials to about 20 mV.8. Strontium, 2.56 mM, was an effective substitute for [Ca](o), 2.56 mM, and maintained a normal pattern of electrical activity in response to glucose.9. Increasing the magnesium concentration tenfold to 11.3 mM did not block electrical activity whereas manganese, 2 mM, blocked glucose-induced action potentials and depolarized islet cells.10. It was concluded that the action potential induced by glucose in islet beta-cells is due predominantly to calcium entry and that sodium ions tend to repress this calcium influx.


Kinetics of pentose permeation in the perfused rat heart. 1. The fractional permeation of heart cell water by L-arabinose and D-xylose after a standard period of perfusion is less the higher the extracellular pentose concentration.2. At any given pentose concentration the kinetics of permeation are consistent with passive diffusion through the cytoplasm or with transport across the cell membrane by a saturable carrier.3. The concentration dependence of permeation is inconsistent with passive diffusion.4. The kinetics of L-arabinose permeation are consistent with a carrier having V(max) = 2.2 m-mole/l. extracellular water per min and a half-saturation concentration [K] of 0.5 x 10(-4)M. The corresponding figures for D-xylose are V(max) = 1.4, [K] = 1.6 x 10(-4)M.


The effect of insulin on the kinetics of pentose permeation of the rat heart. 1. The kinetics of permeation of pentoses into the rat heart in the presence of insulin are similar in nature to those in the absence of insulin.2. The half-saturation concentration of the carrier system is increased by insulin in a manner which is independent of insulin concentration.3. The V(max) of the carrier system is altered by insulin in a graded fashion: at low insulin concentrations it may be lower than in the absence of insulin.4. It is shown that these effects can be accounted for if insulin combines with the carrier and thereby increases either the rate constant governing the mobility of the carrier in the membrane or the rate constant governing dissociation of the sugar-carrier complex.5. The effects cannot be accounted for by a graded action of insulin on the membrane as distinct from the carrier.


Autoradiographic demonstration of inhomogeneous distribution of sodium in single oocytes of Bufo bufo. 1. Autoradiography of frozen cells labelled with (22)Na has been used to locate a sequestered fraction of internal Na in the oocyte which exchanges very slowly or not at all with external Li.2. Relative grain density in nucleus and cytoplasm, measured photometrically, was used as an indication of (22)Na distribution within the oocyte. In test experiments grain density fell to 50% within 19 mum of the edge of the section. Owing to the large diameter of the oocyte (> 600 mum) and its nucleus (> 200 mum), this resolution was adequate to determine cytoplasmic/nuclear (C/N) ratios of grain density.3. In oocytes fully loaded with (22)Na, the mean C/N ratio was 0.92 +/- 0.03 (n = 11). After 5 hr exchange in Li-substituted Na-free Ringer solution, the mean C/N ratio was 2.18 +/- 0.04 (n = 11). After 5 hr exchange in Ringer solution as a control, the mean C/N ratio was 1.39 +/- 0.18 (n = 7). The cytoplasm thus contained a fraction of (22)Na inexchangeable with Li, and more slowly exchangeable with Na than that in the nucleus.4. The non-Li-exchangeable fraction of internal Na thus revealed appeared to be quantitatively similar to that already demonstrated by studies of (22)Na fluxes and of internal Na activity by means of Na-sensitive micro-electrodes.


Decamethonium in depolarized muscle and the effects of tubocurarine. 1. In rat diaphragms immersed in solution containing 5 mM potassium the maximum uptake of labelled decamethonium was found at the end-plate region. In muscles depolarized in solution containing potassium methyl sulphate the uptake was reduced but a peak concentration at the end-plate region was still demonstrated.2. The uptake of labelled decamethonium increased steadily with time and was interpreted in terms of the entry of decamethonium into the fibres. The permeability at 10-100 muM was similar to that of sodium.3. The uptake of decamethonium at the end-plate region was dependent on the concentration. At low values the uptake in depolarized muscle was uniform along the fibres. Increase in concentration produced a peak at the end-plate region. This was interpreted as a change in permeability such that half the maximum effect was present at a concentration of approximately 5 muM.4. At high concentrations the influx showed saturation and carrier-like kinetics with a half-saturation concentration of 400 muM.5. Tubocurarine inhibited the peak uptake in depolarized diaphragm. The results were consistent with competitive inhibition with an inhibitory constant of 0.07 muM.6. Acetylcholine in high concentration also inhibited the uptake of decamethonium in the end-plate region of depolarized muscle.


Some metabolic responses of axotomized neurones to contact between their axons and denervated muscle. 1. The nucleolar and cell body dry mass and nucleic acid content of hypoglossal neurones were measured in adult rats using interference microscopy and ultra-violet absorption microspectrography.2. The left hypoglossal nerve was transplanted into the ipsilateral sternomastoid. Seventy days later the sternomastoid was denervated by dividing the ipsilateral spinal accessory nerve. This was followed by metabolic changes in hypoglossal nerve cells.3. The changes induced in hypoglossal neurones by division of the ipsilateral accessory nerve did not occur if botulinum toxin was injected locally at the same time.4. In other rats the left hypoglossal nerve was anastomosed to the proximal stump of the ipsilateral median nerve simultaneously divided at the level of the wrist. Seventy days later this median nerve was divided in the axilla. This was followed by metabolic changes in hypoglossal nerve cells.5. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of reacting Schwann cells, degenerating axoplasm and denervated muscle in maintaining aspects of the metabolic response of nerve cells to injury.6. It is suggested that the synthesis of acetylcholine by an axonal ending, or its release, is dependent upon the presence of an adjacent membrane which can respond to it, and that the metabolic changes measured in the nerve cell body are secondary to this response of the axon terminal.


An estimate of the proportion of the resting membrane conductance of the smooth muscle of guinea-pog taenia coli attributable to chloride. 1. The contribution of Cl and K to the steady-state membrane conductance of the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli has been investigated by measuring the increase in membrane resistance in Cl-deficient and K-deficient solutions. A large external electrode was used for passing current and the voltage change was recorded with an intracellular electrode. The experiments were carried out in hypertonic solution in order to suppress spontaneous activity.2. When the tissue was exposed to K-deficient solution, the amplitude and time course of the electrotonic potential was increased and the membrane was hyperpolarized.3. When the tissue was exposed to Cl-deficient solutions in which Cl was replaced with an impermeant anion, benzene sulphonate, the size and time course of the electrotonic potential was increased whereas the membrane potential, after 20-30 min equilibration, was unchanged. The magnitude of the increase of the electrotonic potential depended on the substituted amount of Cl.4. When the tissue was exposed to low K the relation between the membrane conductance and the remaining external K concentration was the same in the presence of the normal Cl concentration and in Cl-deficient solution (7 mM-Cl). It was therefore concluded that any effect of benzene sulphonate on the K conductance is negligible.5. The effects of Cl or K deficiency on the electrotonic potential indicate that Cl and K ions account for most of the membrane conductance and that the contribution by Cl is about 40%.6. The ratio of P(Cl)/P(K) was calculated from the constant field theory on the assumption that the contribution of ions other than K and Cl to the membrane conductance is negligibly small. The mean value was 0.40.


Properties of kallikrein-containing granules isolated from the submaxillary gland of the guinea-pig. 1. Granular fractions of high purity consisting of subcellular kallikrein- and amylase-storing organelles have been isolated from homogenates of guinea-pig submaxillary gland.2. The isolated kallikrein- and amylase-containing granules closely resembled secretory granules observed in situ in serous acinar cells in intra-granular appearance, size and histochemical reaction.3. The subcellular, histochemical and ultrastructural studies indicate that the serine protease, kallikrein, is like amylase an exocrine enzyme with a functional role in saliva.


Presynaptic and post-synaptic inhibition elicited in the cat's dorsal column nuclei by mechanical stimulation of skin. 1. Primary afferent depolarization (PAD), with a time course comparable with that of the PAD following limb nerve stimulation, was produced in the cuneate nucleus by mechanical stimulation of the skin of the ipsilateral forepaw. Brushing or blowing on hairs was as effective as any other form of stimulation and there was a rapid adaptation to a sustained stimulus. Up to 55% increase in excitability was produced by blowing on hairs.2. The P-wave and the PAD produced by mechanical stimulation were at a minimum in the rostral part of the cuneate nucleus and at a maximum 2-6 mm caudal to the obex.3. The distribution of the PAD produced in the gracile nucleus by blowing on the skin of the hind foot was studied by a technique allowing measurement of excitability changes near the terminals of single fibres. Minimal values were obtained rostral to the obex and maximal values 1-4 mm caudal to the obex, a distribution matching that previously determined for single cells subject to surround inhibition.4. Post-synaptic inhibition was produced in the cuneate nucleus by gentle blowing on the ipsilateral forepaw. Up to 20% fall in excitability occurred in populations of cells tested by direct electrical stimulation. IPSPs lasting up to 160 msec were observed in single cells following light mechanical stimulation in the immediate neighbourhood of these cells' receptive fields. Blocking of antidromic invasion of single cells was occasionally produced by mechanical skin stimulation.5. It is concluded that both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition must be concerned in the phenomenon of afferent surround inhibition, though there was no evidence to indicate their relative roles, qualitatively or quantitatively.6. It is shown that up to 20% reduction in transmission through the gracile or cuneate nucleus could be produced by blowing on the ipsilateral hind paw or forepaw respectively, measured as reduction in the area of the monophasically recorded lemniscal response. A single electrical stimulus to the skin of the contralateral forepaw reduced transmission through the cuneate nucleus by less than 5%.


The characteristics of the cochlear after-potential studied in the guinea-pig by perfusion and stimulation. 1. An after-potential which comprises three components can be recorded from scala tympani or scala vestibuli following the termination of a tone burst of more than 20-30 msec duration. The major component is of opposite polarity to the negative summating potential (SP) when recorded from scala tympani (ST) and of the same polarity as the SP when recorded from scala vestibuli.2. The size of this after-potential is dependent on the duration and strength of the tonal stimulus but not on the stimulus frequency or its rate of turn-off.3. A single short tone-pip (10 msec) produces no visible after-potential, but an after-potential is seen following the end of a train of such pips separated by intervals of similar duration.4. Replacement of the perilymph in ST by Ringer solution has a negligible effect on the cochlear responses. However, replacing the sodium ion in Ringer solution by lithium or adding DNP to the perfusate abolishes the after-potential just as in the case of a neuronal after-potential. The latter manoeuvre affects also the N(1), CM and SP, while the former does not.5. It is suggested that there exists an active membrane mechanism at the hair cell/nerve junction, which is responsible for the after-potential and which can be influenced by perfusion of ST. It is further suggested that this neural mechanism makes a contribution to the recorded SP over and above the SP component due to non-linear factors.


Response of semicircular canal dependent units in vestibular nuclei to rotation of a linear acceleration vector without angular acceleration. 1. Recent experiments have shown that rotation of a linear acceleration vector round the head can generate involuntary ocular nystagmus in the absence of angular acceleration. The present experiments examine the suggestion that adequate stimulation of the semicircular canals may contribute to this response.2. Decerebrate cats were located in a stereotaxic device on a platform, slung from four parallel cables, which could be driven smoothly round a circular orbit without inducing significant angular movement of the platform. This Parallel Swing Rotation (PSR) generated a centripetal acceleration of 4.4 m/sec(2) which rotated round the head at 0.52 rev/sec.3. The discharge frequency of specifically lateral canal-dependent neural units in the vestibular nuclei of cats was recorded during PSR to right and left, and in the absence of motion. The dynamic responses to purely angular motion were also examined on a servo-driven turntable.4. Without exception all proven canal-dependent cells examined (twenty-nine cells in nine cats) were more active during PSR in the direction of endolymph circulation assessed to be excitatory to the unit, than during PSR in the opposite direction.5. The observed changes in discharge frequency are assessed to have been of a magnitude appropriate for the generation of the involuntary oculomotor response induced by the same stimulus in the intact animal.6. The findings suggest that a linear acceleration vector which rotates in the plane of the lateral semicircular canals can be an adequate stimulus to ampullary receptors, though an explanation which invokes the modulation of canal cells by a signal dependent upon the sequential activation of macular receptors cannot be positively excluded.


Rabbit intrafusal muscle fibres.

Rabbit intrafusal muscle fibres.


Continuous automatic plotting of ventricular function using a parallel hybrid computer.


Functional correlates of 17-beta-oestradiol, beta-glucuronidase and phagocytosis.


Uses of fixed retardation compensators made from birefringent foils for polarization microscopy.


A very simple device to measure human eye movements.


A simple device for blocking cat brains in the Horsley-Clarke coronal plane.


Comparison of the ultrastructure of acinar cell granules of the submaxillary gland of the cat, dog, rabbit, rat and guinea-pig.


Histochemical demonstration of cholinergic elements in the ventral horn of the rat spinal cord.


New design for sodium-sensitive glass micro-electrode.


Some haematological parameters in a soil dwelling mammal.


The continuous collection of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid from the cerebral cortex.


Voltage clamp study of the cockroach giant axon: a simple method.


Identification of cholinergic neurones in the spinal cord: an electron histochemical study of choline acetyltransferase.


Using cortical evoked potentials to locate the centre of the visual field.


Oestrogen metabolism in the ewe during late pregnancy.


Cholinesterases and choline acetylase in the spinal cord of the cat.


Protein-binding assays of ovarian steroid hormones.


Salt-gland function in the domestic goose.


Kinetics of progesterone metabolism in pregnant and non-pregnant guinea-pigs.


The contractive mechanism of serotonin in the guinea pig isolated intestine; with special reference to its concentration-action curve.


A new method of urinary glucose determination by the use of glucoseoxidase-catalase.


Neuroendocrine control of the pituitary TSH secretion. I. Effect of TRF and thyroxine on thyrotropin release from rat pituitary in organ culture.


The contractive mechanism of serotonin in the isolated rat jejunum; with special reference to its concentration-action curve.


Neuroendocrine control of the pituitary TSH secretion. II. Role and mode of pituitary TSH secretion in the cold.


Neuroendocrine control of the pituitary TSH secretion. 3. Studies on thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) in vitro with special reference to fluctuation of hypothalamic TRF.


Criteria for the evaluation of the severity of established renal disease.


Calcium infusion test in renal failure.

Calcium infusion test in renal failure.


Renotropic factor(s) in plasma from uninephrectomized rats.


Intracellular pH and electrolyte content of skeletal muscle in patients with chronic acidosis.


Biochemical study on Geum urbanum.

Biochemical study on Geum urbanum.


Effect of endocytosis upon acid phosphatase activity of tetrahymena pyriformis.


The occurrence of microtubules in the pre-streak chick embryo.


The Butterworth diagnostic clinic for oesophageal carcinoma: a 5-year survey.


Cataract surgery in the field: a follow-up study.


The treatment of the dehydrated Bantu child.


Acute silico-proteinosis: case report in an African.


Studies on the effects of procytoxide (PCO) on treated and untreated dog renal allografts.


Atypical antibodies found in routine investigations.


X-ray structure determination of tryptamine hydrochloride.


Synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-mercaptouridine.


Synthetic approach towards tetrodotoxin. I. Diels-Alder reaction of alpha-oximinoethylbenzooquinones with butadiene.


Synthetic approach towards tetrodotoxin. II. A stereospecific synthesis of a compound having the same six chiral centers on the cyclohexane ring as those of tetrodotoxin.


Olefinic and acetylenic compounds. I. Improved simple synthesis of (18)annulene; new stereospecific synthesis of 1,5-hexadiyne-3-ene cis.


An intramolecular Michael reaction of 2-alpha-(2'-nitroethyl)-17-alpha-methyl-4-androsten-17-beta-ol-3-one.


Macrolide antibiotic studies. XVI. The structure of nystatin.


An evaluation of midstream urine cultures in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in females.


Experimental study of the development of a ureteral fistula following surgical trauma.


The extrahepatic uptake of 198Au as an index of portal hypertension.


Observations on the effects of glucocorticoid administration in pernicious anemia.


Late gastric carcinoma developing after surgery for benign conditions. Endoscopic and histologic studies of the anastomosis and diagnostic problems.


The gross anatomy of the peritoneal coelomic cavities of Gallus domesticus.


The use of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid linoleate levels as a screening test for malabsorption.


Iron deficiency anemia and papilledema. Rapid resolution with oral iron therapy.


Whipworm disease. Intestinal structure and function of patients with severe Trichuris trichuria infestation.


Toxicity of some insecticides to the Indian cat-fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).


Dissociation of native fibroin by sulphydryl compounds.


Multiple forms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Chlamydomonas reeinhardtii.


Some relations of lysine residues to reactivities in pancreatic ribonuclease.


A novel procedure to titrate the thiol function of cysteine residues.


Reversible denaturation of C-phycocyanin.


Spiral growth of the laminar shell of the brachiopod Crania.


The uptake of sodium-22 by bone and certain soft tissues.


Studies in the mechanism of metal-induced soft tissue calcification.


The distribution of trace metal ions in bone and tendon.


Isozymes of bone esterases. Preliminary report.


The exchangeability of calcium and strontium of bone in vitro.


Vitamin A deficiency and bone growth. I. Altered drift patterns.


Lipid metabolism of chick epiphyseal bone and cartilage.


The effect of calcitonin on disuse atrophy of bone in the rat.


Raman spectroscopy of calcified tissue.

Raman spectroscopy of calcified tissue.


Calcium carbonate in medullary bone.

Calcium carbonate in medullary bone.


Comment to the letter of Pellegrino and Biltz: "calcium carbonate in medullary bone".


A comparative chromosome study of the North American species of sticklebacks (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae).


Familial normal-partial trisomy 16 with selective endoreduplication in malformed proband.


Chronology and pattern of human chromosome replication. X. Autoradiographic studies of an abnormal familial chromosome of the D (13-15) group.


Chromosomal rearrangements in three generations of a Jamaican family. A possible further example of recombinational imbalance.


Systematic problems in the amphibian family Leptodactylidae (Anura) as indicated by karyotypic analysis.


DNA synthesis in duplicate-type sex chromosomes of the Indian house shrew, Suncus murinus (Insectivora).


Autoradiographic identification of a 13-21 translocation.


Hemorrhoidectomy in the office: method and precautions.


Acute diverticulitis: progress report, Australasian survey (1967-1969).


Ischemic proctitis with obliterative vascular change: report of a case.


Pull-through operation for radiation-induced rectovaginal fistula: report of a case.


Hemorrhoidectomy by amputation and anoplasty: review and late results-follow-up of 138 cases over a ten-year span.


The surgical treatment of perianal hidradenitis suppurativa.


Complications of colostomy.

Complications of colostomy.


A solitary submucosal cyst in the sigmoid colon: report of a case.


Intussuscepting adenocarcinoma of the ileocecal valve: report of a case.


Detection of sporadic cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever.


Studies on Ancylostoma caninum infection in mice following percutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of infection.


Studies on the early stage of infection of Ancylostoma caninum in mice.


Development of necator Americanus in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus.


Epidemiological study of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity: a preliminary report.


Hepatitis associated antigen in the sera of patients and blood donors.


Haptoglobin levels in liver cirrhosis.

Haptoglobin levels in liver cirrhosis.


Serological survey of small mammals in the South Indian plague focus.


Effect of ethyl alcohol on thyroidal iodide trapping and renal clearance of 131I label in rats.


Experimental study of agents protecting the skin against acute radiation ulceration.


Percutaneous vasectomy a comparative study using a new instrument and technique.


Role of catecholamines in morphine and meperidine analgesia.


Study of urinary excretion of nitrogenous compounds and their interrelationship in some diseased states.


Effect of guanethidine on pentobarbital sleeping time.


The microfilaricidal effect of diethylcarbamazine.


Blood pressure in pregnancy.

Blood pressure in pregnancy.


Potentiation of the antiepileptic action of diphenylhydantoin by chlorothiazide congeners.


The role of changes in cell contact behavior in amphibian gastrulation.


Acid hydrolases and their relationship to lysosomes in the mesonephros of the chick embryo.


Mammalian lung development: interactions in primordium formation and bronchial morphogenesis.


Mammalian lung development: interactions in formation and morphogenesis of tracheal buds.


Melanogenesis in amphibians. 3. The buoyant density of oocyte and larval xenopus laevis melanosomes and the isolation of oocyte melanosomes from the eyes of PTU-treated larvae.


Adenomyosis uteri.

Adenomyosis uteri.


A study of serum amylase in infective hepatitis.


Changes proposed in the social classification of Indian families.


Blood total sulphydryl groups in human beings after surgery.


Intussusception in adults.

Intussusception in adults.


Orbital hydatid cyst.

Orbital hydatid cyst.


Myelofibrosis.

Myelofibrosis.


Adenomyosis.

Adenomyosis.


A plea for peritoneal dialysis.

A plea for peritoneal dialysis.


Enzymatic synthesis and decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cell-free extracts of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis have been found to catalyze the following reactions: Phosphatidylethanolamine + L-Serine <==> Phosphatidylserine + Ethanolamine. Phosphatidylserine --> Phosphatidylethanolamine + CO(2) divided by Net: L-Serine --> Ethanolamine + CO(2). The biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine in this organism resembles that found in higher animals. In contrast, phosphatidylserine is formed in bacteria in a reaction between CDP-diglyceride and L-serine. A detailed description is presented of the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylserine in Tetrahymena by the exchange reaction, together with some properties of the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in this organism.


Biochemical site of regulation of bile acid biosynthesis in the rat. The production of bile salts by rat liver is regulated by a feedback mechanism, but it is not known which enzyme controls endogenous bile acid synthesis. In order to demonstrate the biochemical site of this control mechanism, bile fistula rats were infused intravenously with (14)C-labeled bile acid precursors, and bile acid biosynthesis was inhibited as required by intraduodenal infusion of sodium taurocholate. The infusion of taurocholate (11-14 mg/100 g of rat per hr) inhibited the incorporation of acetate-1-(14)C, mevalonolactone-2-(14)C, and cholesterol-4-(14)C into bile acids by approximately 90%. In contrast, the incorporation of 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol-4-(14)C into bile acids was reduced by less than 10% during taurocholate infusion. These results indicate that the regulation of bile acid biosynthesis is exerted via cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase provided that hepatic cholesterol synthesis is adequate.


Reductive and oxidative biosynthesis of plasmalogens in myelinating brain. Palmitic acid-1-(14)C and hexadecanol-1-(14)C were administered intracerebrally to 18-day-old rats. Incorporation of radioactivity into the constituent alkyl, alk-1-enyl, and 1-acyl moieties, as well as into the 2-acyl moieties, of the ethanolamine phosphatides of brain was determined after 1, 2, 3, 6, and 22 hr. Incorporation of radioactivity from hexadecanol into both alkyl ethers and alk-1-enyl ethers proceeded at a rate more than 10 times higher than from palmitic acid. Hexadecanol was rapidly oxidized to fatty acids which were incorporated into the acyl moieties of the ethanolamine phosphatides. When palmitic acid was used as a precursor, labeled long-chain alcohols could be isolated from the lipid extract. As labeled long-chain aldehydes could not be detected in any of the lipid extracts, alcohols appear to be key intermediates for the biosynthesis of both alkyl and alk-1-enyl glycerophosphatides.


Studies on the compartmentation of lipid in adipose cells. I. Subcellular distribution, composition, and transport of newly synthesized lipid: liposomes. The subcellular distribution and composition of endogenously synthesized lipid in isolated white adipose cells were studied to determine the nature and extent of lipid compartmentation. After brief incubation of cells with labeled glucose, acetate, or palmitic acid, over 90% of newly synthesized triglyceride was localized in the bulk-lipid phase, indicating rapid intracellular transport and storage. From 13 to 20% of the newly formed lipid was diglyceride, and over 95% of it was localized in the central lipid-storage vacuole rather than in organelle systems concerned with esterification, thus indicating intracellular segregation of newly synthesized partial glycerides. Most of the newly synthesized phosphatides partitioned with membranous organelles. Synthesis of cholesterol or cholesteryl ester was negligible. After brief incubation of cells with labeled glucose, the relative specific activity of organelle triglyceride was mitochondria >> microsomes > liposomes > soluble supernatant > bulk lipid. In pulse-chase studies the specific activity of organelle triglyceride decreased and that of the bulk fraction increased reflecting intracellular lipid transport. The data suggest that a significant proportion of newly formed lipid is transferred from mitochondrial membranes into the storage vacuole by direct lipid-lipid interaction. Liposomes, which consist of small enclosed lipid droplets resembling chylomicrons, contained triglycerides of specific activity similar to microsomal triglyceride. While the evidence that liposome triglyceride may be microsomal in origin is indirect, the results do indicate that the liposome fraction represents a phase in the transport and(or) storage of new glyceride. At least two forms of compartmentation of newly synthesized lipids occurred. The first, termed "structural," refers to localization of lipids to organelle fractions. The second type of compartmentation, termed "chemical," concerns the intracellular segregation of a specific lipid class. The accumulation and segregation of newly synthesized diglyceride in the bulk storage pool are examples of the latter form of compartmentation.


Fatty acids of glycosphingolipids from pig blood fractions. Four glycolipids have been isolated from three fractions of pig blood. The glycolipids were presumably cerebroside, diglycosyl ceramide, triglycosyl ceramide, and globoside. The blood fractions were erythrocytes and plasma high and low density lipoproteins. Fatty acid distributions were determined for each glycolipid as a means to assist in identifying relationships among the several glycolipids. Normal fatty acids predominated in all glycolipids except the globosides from erythrocytes in which the amount of hydroxy acids was slightly greater than the amount of normal acids. Hydroxy acids appeared to be present in all the glycolipids, but the concentration was very low in cerebrosides isolated from high density lipoproteins and erythrocytes, and in diglycosyl ceramide and globoside of the low density lipoproteins. In general, the average fatty acid chain length increased from cerebroside to globoside. This was most apparent in erythrocytes and also greater for normal acids than for hydroxy acids. Fatty acid distributions of erythrocyte glycolipids had sufficient variation to make a metabolic relationship by simple addition of a hexose appear doubtful. While the fatty acid distributions found in plasma lipoproteins were more similar, some means of acyl group selection is probably present for either the synthesis or degradation of these glycolipids.


Isolation, characterization, and surface chemistry of a surface-active fraction from dog lung. A procedure is described for the isolation of a surface-active fraction from dog lung. This material meets the established criteria for pulmonary surfactant. The fraction was shown to contain lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. The predominant lipid present was dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Surface chemistry studies indicated the surface properties of the fraction could not be explained solely from a consideration of the properties of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated the presence of intact osmiophilic bodies as well as other myelin forms in the surface-active fraction. It is speculated that, in situ, the alveolar lining layer is similar to a structured gel.


Uptake of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters by mammalian cells. Albumin-bound long-chain fatty acid methyl esters (ME) were taken up and utilized by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and slices of rat heart, liver, and kidney. Much more ME than albumin was taken up by the tumor cells, indicating that ME dissociated from the carrier protein during their uptake. 70-80% of the radioactivity associated with the cells after 1 min of incubation at 37 degrees C remained as ME. The results of studies with metabolic inhibitors and glucose suggest that uptake of ME is an energy-independent process. Changes in incubation medium pH between 7.8 and 6.5 did not markedly alter uptake of ME. Cells incubated with FFA and methanol did not synthesize ME. These findings indicate that ME are taken up intact, and they suggest that the presence of an anionic carboxyl group is not essential for the binding of a long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon to a mammalian cell. When incubation with labeled ME was continued for 1 hr, increasing amounts of radioactivity were recovered in FFA, phospholipids, neutral lipid esters, and CO(2). ME radioactivity associated with the cells after a brief initial incubation was released in the form of ME and FFA when the cells were incubated subsequently in a medium containing albumin. If the second incubation medium contained no albumin, most of the ME radioactivity initially associated with the cells was incorporated into phospholipids, neutral lipid esters, and CO(2). These results suggest that much of the ME which is taken up, is hydrolyzed to FFA, and that the fatty acids derived from ME are available for further metabolism.


Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease): isolation of myelin with normal glycolipid composition. Myelin was isolated from the brain of a patient with Krabbe's globoid cell leukodystrophy at 0.4% of the normal yield. Despite the exceedingly low yield, the fraction appeared morphologically clean, and consisted mostly of well-preserved myelin lamellae and few contaminating structures. Total lipid and cholesterol were slightly lower than in normal myelin. Total phospholipid was normal, but the ratio of ethanolamine phospholipid to lecithin was reversed. Total galactolipid was normal, and consisted only of cerebroside and sulfatide in normal proportions. The only sugar in cerebroside and sulfatide was galactose. The fatty acid composition of cerebroside and sulfatide was essentially normal with no deficiency of long-chain fatty acids and only with a reversed ratio of C(24:0) to C(24:1) in cerebroside. These data appear to exclude the previous postulate that abnormally rapid breakdown of myelin occurs in this disorder as the result of the formation of chemically abnormal myelin, deficient in sulfatide.


An improved spray reagent for detection of bile acids on thin-layer chromatoplates. A spray reagent containing 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid sodium salt is described, which allows detection of as little as 1 micro g of bile acids under long-wave UV light. The bile acids can be eluted directly from the sprayed plates with acetone without eluting the spray reagent.


Lipids of dystrophic and normal mouse muscle: whole tissue and particulate fractions. Myofibrillar, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions were prepared from normal and dystrophic mouse limb muscle by differential centrifugation and analyzed for phospholipids and cholesterol. Fatty acids and aldehydes of neutral lipids and of phospholipids from whole muscle and particulate fractions were also determined. Normal microsomes contained more lecithin and less total ethanolamine phospholipids and cardiolipin than mitochondria. The myofibrils had an intermediate phospholipid composition, but their cholesterol-phospholipid ratio was smaller than that of the other two fractions. Except for an increased percentage of phosphatidalethanolamine in the dystrophic mitochondria, only the composition of the dystrophic microsomes differed from normal by containing less lecithin but more total ethanolamine phospholipid, phosphatidalethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. No significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of neutral lipid extracts from normal and dystrophic preparations, but there was a significant decrease in the percentage of 22:6 in phospholipids from both dystrophic whole muscle and microsomes (-25% and -37%, respectively), whereas the 20:4 content was unaltered. By contrast, the percentages of 18:0 and total fatty aldehyde increased significantly. Phospholipid extracts from all dystrophic samples showed a significant decrease in 16:0 and an increase in 18:1 as compared with the normal.


Sodium transport and short-circuit current in rat colon in vivo and the effect of aldosterone. 1. A method for measurement of short-circuit current and for applying a voltage clamp to segments of rat colon in vivo is described.2. The mucosa behaved as an ohmic resistor of average resistance 154 Omega/cm(2) although brief transient effects were frequently observed. Tissue resistance was independent of considerable changes in ionic strength and composition of the luminal solution.3. The short-circuit current averaged 120 muA/cm(2) in normal rats. Aldosterone intravenously raised the p.d., short-circuit current rising proportionately and tissue resistance being unchanged. The effects of various modifications of the intraluminal solution in respect to composition, hydrostatic pressure and pH were examined. An increase in the osmolality of the luminal solution sufficient to abolish water absorption did not affect p.d. or short-circuit current.4. The short-circuit current measured with 150 mM-NaCl in the lumen was almost completely accounted for by active Na absorption both in normal and aldosterone-treated rats. The changes in Na efflux rate produced by voltage clamping suggested that only part of Na efflux was due to simple diffusion. With lower [NaCl] in the lumen, the short-circuit current exceeded that atributable to active Na absorption, the discrepancy increasing with reduction of [NaCl].5. The luminal [Na] at which Na efflux and influx rates were equal was reduced by aldosterone, an effect which is probably responsible for the low stool [Na] of aldosterone treated animals. The significance of this finding in terms of the mode of action of aldosterone is discussed.


Urinary excretion of adrenal steroids, catecholamines and electrolytes in man, before and after acclimatization to cold in Antarctica. 1. Urine samples were collected from four men before and during test cold exposures in Melbourne, Australia, and Mawson, Antarctica. Changes in the response of body temperature to the test exposures showed that the men had acclimatized to cold at Mawson.2. Excretion rates of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids were significantly greater at Mawson than in Melbourne, in both the pre-exposure and exposure periods.3. Excretion rates of noradrenaline, adrenaline, sodium, potassium and creatinine did not differ significantly between Mawson and Melbourne, nor did urine flow rates.4. During the cold exposure significant increases occurred, to the same extent at Mawson as in Melbourne, in urine flow rate and in all measured urinary constituents except creatinine.


Electrical constants of trabecular muscle from mammalian heart. 1. The passive electrical properties of muscle bundles obtained from the right ventricle of sheep or calf hearts were determined. Preparations were kept in silicon oil; through extracellular electrodes constant current pulses were made to flow between the ends of the bundles.2. Using micro-electrodes for potential recording, the following data were obtained: (i) a space constant of 880 mu; (ii) a membrane time constant of 4.4 msec; (iii) a ratio of intra-to-extracellular longitudinal resistance of 3.5: 1; (iv) a conduction velocity of 0.75 m/sec.3. The intracellular specific resistance (R(i)) in the longitudinal direction was 470Omega cm, corresponding to 3 times R(i) of Purkinje fibres or 9 times the specific resistance of Tyrode solution.4. A calculation of specific membrane resistance (R(m)) and capacity (C(m)) was up against uncertainties in estimating the surface area. Taking morphological data as obtained by light microscopy, R(m) works out at 9100Omega cm(2), C(m) 0.81 muF/cm(2). Electron micrographs suggest that the true surface membrane might be either larger (T-tubules) or smaller (tight junctions between parallel fibres) than the surface area as seen by the light microscope.5. The apparently small value of C(m) seems to indicate that the flow of current between ;outside' and ;inside' is restricted to only a fraction of the fibre surface, while a considerable part of the contact area between parallel fibres is of the low-resistance type. This would provide for functional connexions not only at the level of intercalated disks, but also along parallel-running fibres.


Post-tetanic hyperpolarization produced by an electrogenic pump in dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones of the cat. 1. Hyperpolarization following single and repetitive excitation of dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurones of the cat was studied by intracellular recording.2. Hyperpolarization following an antidromic action potential consisted of an initial, brief phase (undershoot) and a late, prolonged phase. The latter hyperpolarization was independent of the membrane potential, whereas the former was reversed in polarity by hyperpolarizing pulses applied across the DSCT cell membrane.3. DSCT neurones showed a prolonged hyperpolarization after a train of antidromic action potentials. The amplitude and duration of the hyperpolarization were dependent on the number and the frequency of action potentials. A similar hyperpolarization was observed following a train of impulses evoked by depolarizing pulses applied through the intracellular electrode.4. There was no detectable conductance change during the post-tetanic hyperpolarization. The latter showed no reversal potential when the membrane potential was altered.5. The half-decay time of the post-tetanic hyperpolarization was lengthened when the cord temperature was lowered. The temperature coefficient (Q(10)) was 2.4 within the range of 31-40 degrees C.6. The amplitude of the undershoot following each action potential was assumed to provide a criterion for the accumulation of the extracellular K(+). Alterations in the amplitude of undershoots during repetitive excitation suggested that the duration of post-tetanic hyperpolarization depends on the accumulation of extracellular K(+) as well as of intracellular Na(+) associated with a train of impulses.7. It is suggested that post-tetanic hyperpolarization is produced by an electrogenic sodium pump. A possible significance of such a hyperpolarization in impulse coding is discussed.


The electrical activity of the digestive tract of the sheep as an indication of the mechanical events in various regions. 1. A method is described in the conscious sheep for recording oscillographically the electrical potentials led from enamelled stainless-steel wires implanted in the wall of the stomach and intestine.2. Slow waves characterized by cyclically recurring and rhythmic fluctuation in voltage have been recorded, together with the superimposed fast activity or burst of spikes when the muscle is contracting. The whole activity comprised a distinguishable pattern of grouped discharge which is synchronous with mechanical events within different regions of the alimentary tract.3. Grouped discharge occurs at a regular frequency of 7/min in the pyloric part of the abomasum and 18/min from the intestine, but 13/min from the middle duodenum and proximal ileum. Only the major grouped discharges of the fore-stomach is correlated with the orderly sequential movements of the reticulum and rumen.4. The relationship between electrical and mechanical activity of the reticulo-rumenal movements was examined at rest, and during feeding and ruminating.5. Electrical correlates of motor activity in the small bowel were investigated under different dietary regimens.


Effects of cholinergic and adrenergic blocking agents on the activity of the eccrine sweat glands. 1. The effects of blocking agents on the responsiveness of the cast' pad and human forearm sweat glands have been studied.2. Of the anti-adrenergic substances examined (dibenamine, phenoxybenzamine, bretylium, guanethidine and phentolamine) only high doses of guanethidine and phentolamine produced any consistent and significant measure of blockade, and small doses of atropine were as effective as these large doses of guanethidine or phentolamine.3. It is concluded from the blockade of chemical stimulation as well as transmission by these substances that (1) there are only cholinergic fibres innervating eccrine sweat glands, and (2) any inhibitory action by anti-adrenergic substances is due to interaction with cholinergic receptors in the glands.


Temperature dependence of the sodium-potassium permeability ratio of a molluscan neurone. 1. The temperature dependence of the membrane potential of a molluscan giant neurone was examined under conditions which block the electrogenic activity of the Na-K exchange pump.2. When the Na pump was blocked by ouabain or the removal of external K, the membrane potential depolarized as temperature was increased.3. This depolarization was prevented by the replacement of external Na with impermeant cations, but was greater when Na was replaced with Li.4. All observed effects of ouabain were attributable to inhibition of the Na pump. The depolarization in response to ouabain at warmer temperatures was completely reversible, and the rate of both onset and reversibility of the ouabain effect was dependent upon temperature.5. Using a modified form of the constant field equation, the internal K concentration and the Na-K permeability ratio, P(Na)/P(K), were calculated from the experimental data.6. P(Na)/P(K) was found to increase from 0.028 at 4 degrees C to 0.068 at 18 degrees C. It is suggested that this increase is due primarily to a change in P(Na).


Contributions of the sodium pump and ionic gradients to the membrane potential of a molluscan neurone. 1. The membrane potential of the gastro-oesophageal giant neurone of the marine mollusc, Anisodoris nobilis, was examined during changes of temperature and of the ionic medium.2. The response of the membrane potential to rapid changes in the external K concentration was prompt, stable, and reversible up to 200 mM-K, and was independent of the external Cl concentration.3. Warming the cell produced a prompt hyperpolarization that was approximately 10 times greater than predicted by the Nernst or constant field equations. Electrogenic activity of the Na-K exchange pump was shown to be responsible for this effect.4. At temperatures below 5 degrees C, the relationship between the membrane potential and the external K concentration could be predicted by a constant field equation.5. At temperatures above 5 degrees C, the membrane potential could not be predicted by the constant field equation except after inhibition of the electrogenic Na pump with ouabain or the reduction of internal Na.6. Inhibition of the electrogenic Na pump by low external K concentrations was dependent upon the external Na concentration.7. It is concluded that the membrane potential is the sum of ionic and metabolic components, and that the behaviour of the ionic component can be predicted by a constant field type equation.


Effects of cations on prolactin and growth hormone secretion by rat adenohypophyses in vitro. 1. Explants of rat adenohypophyses were incubated in medium 199, Earle's saline, or modified Earle's saline (K-Earle's) with different calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium concentrations for 4-6 hr at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2) in O(2).2. The amount of prolactin and growth hormone in explants and in medium was estimated by disk electrophoresis and densitometry.3. Low calcium inhibited prolactin secretion by 40-60%. Low magnesium and slightly increased (5x) magnesium (4.1 mM) did not influence prolactin secretion in either 1.8 mM or low calcium, but 10 and 20 mM magnesium inhibited secretion by 50 and 70%, respectively. Inhibition of prolactin secretion by high magnesium was reversible.4. Decreasing sodium by 80% had no effect on prolactin secretion, but low sodium inhibited the sustained, although not acute, secretion of this hormone.5. Low potassium did not affect the secretion of either prolactin or growth hormone. Increased potassium (32 or 54 mM) slightly stimulated prolactin secretion by adenohypophyses of males but had no effect on the secretion of this hormone by female glands.6. In 1.8 mM calcium, growth hormone secretion by pituitaries of males and females was markedly stimulated by increased potassium, but it was not appreciably affected by high potasium in low calcium. Increased potassium did not stimulate growth hormone secretion in medium containing low sodium with normal calcium.7. Secretion of prolactin and growth hormone by rat adenohypophyses is dependent upon calcium, but only growth hormone secretion is markedly stimulated by increased potassium. The difference in responsiveness to increased potassium, between the somatotrophs and lactotrophs, may be related to the predominant mode of hypothalamic control of these hormones.


The kinetics of influx of calcium and strontium into rat intestine in vitro. 1. The role of uptake across the brush border in the intestinal absorption of calcium has been studied by examining the kinetics of influx into slices of rat intestine in vitro. Both mucosal and serosal surfaces were exposed to the medium.2. The rate of influx was accurately defined by a two-component expression comprising a saturable (Michaelis-Menten) term and a second term linear with concentration. Influx across the mucosal surface of closed sacs was similar, and the saturable component for slice influx could be ascribed mainly to transport across the mucosal surface. The half-saturation constant for Ca was near 1 mM. This component was predominant at normal luminal concentrations of free Ca in the duodenum of young rats, but less so in jejunum and ileum and in older rats.3. The same kinetic expression applied to Sr influx, with a half-saturation constant of 2-3 mM, and possibly also to Ba with an even higher value.4. The saturable component of Ca influx was greatly reduced by 2,4: dinitrophenol (DNP); influx was also inhibited by iodoacetate, cyanide and at 0 degrees C. Inhibition commenced soon after exposure of the slices. A high concentration of DNP also caused an increase in the linear component of Ca influx.5. The kinetics of Ca influx across the mucosal surface agreed closely with the kinetics of steady-state absorption of Ca either across the whole mucosal epithelium in vivo or across the entire intestinal wall in vitro. This agreement supports the hypothesis that Ca entry across the brush border is the rate-limiting step in absorption; such a hypothesis would allow net Ca translocation while preserving a low intracellular concentration of ionic Ca in the mucosal epithelial cells.


Simple method for determining the concentration of serum thyroxine by competitive displacement analysis.


The accumulation of chromium complexes in skeletal tissue.


Some factors influencing uptake of 75Se-selenomethionine by the pancreatic tissues of the rat.


Correlation between buoyant density and ribonucleic acid content in viruses.


Disulfides in bean leaves exposed to ozone.


Bacterial flora of the intestines of fishes taken from an unpolluted freshwater reservoir.


The place of neuroleptanalgesia in poor-risk cardiac subjects.


Observations on nutritional rickets in childhood.


Hidradenitis suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa.


Post-operative vomiting in the African.

Post-operative vomiting in the African.


Experimental infection of golden hamster with Hógyes' fixed strain of rabies virus.


Studies on the atrophic rhinitis of swine.


Studies on the influence of egg shell formation on the acid-base balance of the laying hen.


Effect of the liver steatosis of fattening geese on serum amylase activity.


Reaction schemes of monofactorial reagents in various breeds and lines of chickens.


Postembryonic histomorphology and histochemistry of liver cells in ducklings. (Investigations into the pathogenesis of viral ducking hepatitis).


Isoagglutinin production against chicken blood group antigen.


An attempt to treat fish bothriocephalosis with devermin. Toxicity for the host and anti-parasitic effect.


Excretion of pregnanediol by cows during pregnancy.


Light-scattering contributions to the circular dichroism of particulate systems.


The affinity of flavin semiquinones for certain aromatic compounds and disulfides.


Nitrogen metabolism of aquatic organisms. I. The assimilation and formation of urea in Ochromonas malhamensis.


Studies on the induction of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in rat liver mitochondria.


Leucine and phenylalanine incorporation by rat liver microsomes containing endogenous template RNA: a kinetic study of the effect of polyuridylic acid.


Phosphorylation of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane by human erythrocytes.


Purification and properties of collagen proline hydroxylase from newborn rat skin.


Biosynthesis of pteridines in the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.


The role of fatty acids in mitochondrial changes during liver ischemia.


Heterogeneity among the uniform-size fragments obtained from TMV-RNA.


Immunochemistry of sperm whale myoglobin. 8. Specific interaction of peptides obtained by cleavage at proline peptide bonds.


Reaction of reactive sulfhydryl groups of creatine kinase with dansyl chloride.


Role of bivalent cations in the phosphoglucomutase system. IV. A study of the Mn2+ binding site by means of nuclear relaxation measurements on water protons.


Activity and conformation of the alkaline form of delta-chymotrypsin studied by the specific acylation of isoleucine-16.


Studies on the acceptor specificity of the lysozyme-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction.


Gluconeogenesis from pyruvate in isolated perfused rat liver.


Characteristics of in vitro ribonucleic acid synthesis by macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Biochemical characterization of gastroferrin.


Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies on actinomycin D. Preliminary observations on the effect of complex formation with 5'-deoxyguanylic acid.


Biosynthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid by Mycobacterium phlei.


Utilization of shikimic acid for the formation of mycobactin S and salicylic acid by Mycobacterium smegmatis.


Effect of magnesium ions on the conformation of two highly purified yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acids.


Molecular weight and subunit structure of yeast enolase.


Studies on the characterization and localization of rat placental esterases.


Fine structural localization of cholinesterase activity in the rat submandibular gland.


Electron microscopic demonostration of energy production and coupled respiration of in situ mitochondria.


A family study of neonatal and late-diagnosis congenital dislocation of the hip.


Mutation rate in Duchenne type of muscular dystrophy.


Adenosine deaminase: racial distribution and report of a new phenotype.


Value of butyrylthiocholine assay for identification of cholinesterase variants.


Haemoglobin J in the French Canadian.

Haemoglobin J in the French Canadian.


Trisomy E (18) syndrome: clinical spectrum in 12 new cases, including chromosome autoradiography in 4.


Satellite associations of D group chromosomes in translocation carriers.


Normal chromosomes in mucosol neuroma variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma syndrome.


A familial syndrome of short stature, deformities of the hands and feet, and an unusual facies.


Evidence of XX-XY sex chromosome mosaicism in a child with true hermaphroditism.


A case of XX male syndrome.

A case of XX male syndrome.


D1 ring chromosome in newborn with peculiar face, polydactyly, imperforate anus, arrhinencephaly, and other malformations.


Possible X-autosomal translocation in a girl with gonadal dysgenesis.


Gonadoblastoma in a phenotypic female with 45,X-47,XYY mosaicism.


Cytogenetic studies in a patient with a de novo t(Cq-;Gp+).


An unusual chromosomal aberration in a case of Chediak-Higashi syndrome.


Packaging act.

Packaging act.


National poison prevention week.

National poison prevention week.


Chemical studies on lichens. 30. Anthraquinonoid pigments of Trypetheliopsis boninensis and Ocellularia domingensis.


Structural studies on the lipopolysaccharide from Klebsiella K73-O10. I. Methylation analysis, identification and location of 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnose.


Sulphated polysaccharides in brown algae. 3. The native state of dfucoidan in Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus.


Oxidative degradation of saturated normal long-chain organic compounds by permanganate.


Reversibility of heat denaturation of monoalkylated DNA.


Streptolysin inhibitory factor in pollen.


Intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide and hydroxyoctadecadienoate in the rat.


Concerning the specificity of alkaline phosphatases of human foetal bone tissue.


Carbon tetrachloride.

Carbon tetrachloride.


Biosynthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in Carnegiea gigantea Br. & R.


The fate of adenovirus type 7 deosyribonucleic acid during treatment of the virus with formamide.


Experimental myocarditis by adenoviruses. I. Electron microscopy and infectivity of Aura virus in the mouse heart.


Prevention of malignant avian influenza by 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride.


Adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) in tissue of ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 (Nematoda).


Irradiation of culture-medium and chromosomal aberrations in cultured nonirradiated lymphocytes.


Liver and lactate metabolism. Chairman's opening address.


Lactic acid and muscle.

Lactic acid and muscle.


Lactic acidosis and liver damage.

Lactic acidosis and liver damage.


Contrast medium toxicity. Preface.

Contrast medium toxicity. Preface.


Ribonucleic acid transcriptase acitvity in purified wound tumor virus. Purified wound tumor virus was found to possess an associated ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcriptase. The product of transcriptase synthesis was shown to be single-stranded RNA which annealed specifically to wound tumor viral RNA.


Adverse reactions to contrast agents. Scope of problem.