The effect of platelet age on platelet adherence to collagen. The adherence to collagen of rabbit platelets labeled in vivo with (35)SO(4) (=) has been studied both in vitro and in vivo. The young platelets are labeled with (35)SO(4) (=) 2-3 days after administration of the isotope to the animals. We exposed platelet-rich plasma (ethylenediamine-tetraacetate, EDTA, as anticoagulant), prepared from blood taken from rabbits 54 hr after giving the (35)SO(4) (=), to collagen in vitro. There was a fall in the specific radioactivity of the nonadherent platelets which indicated a selective adhesion of young platelets to the collagen. In experiments designed to have most of the (35)S label in the oldest platelets it was found that exposure of plasma containing these platelets to collagen resulted in an increase in the specific radioactivity of the nonadherent platelets. Similar observations were obtained when glycine-(14)C was used as a platelet label. However, when DF(32)P (di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-(32)P), which is thought to label platelets of all ages equally, was used, the adherence of platelets to collagen did not result in any changes in the specific activity of the nonadherent platelets. In in vivo studies in which we infused a collagen suspension into rabbits 54 hr after giving (35)SO(4) (=) we found that the specific radioactivity of the platelets remaining in the circulation fell. This did not occur when we infused the collagen 96 hr after giving the (35)SO(4) (=). The results from these studies indicate that young platelets adhere to collagen more readily than older platelets.


Renal arteriography in the generalized Shwartzman reaction.


High speed (540 frames per second) biplane cineradiography.


Lysozymuric response to contrast material in the dog.


Relationship of lung weight to body length and weight.


Immunological and biological properties of iodoinsulin labeled with one or less atoms of iodine per molecule. Experiments were designed to compare the distribution of free and antibody-bound unlabeled insulin to the distribution of free and antibody-bound insulin-(125)I. The insulin antibody was incorporated in a specific immune precipitate similar to the one used by Hales and Randle for the radioimmune assay of insulin. Insulin which was not bound by the specific immune precipitate was measured by the immune hemolysis inhibition assay. This report contains evidence that the addition of the unlabeled insulin in the radioimmune assay results in relatively more insulin-(125)I which remains free and less bound by antibodies than is the case with the unlabeled insulin. Methods are described for the separation of an electrophoretically homogeneous iodoinsulin from samples of crude iodoinsulin with average incorporations of less than 0.2 atoms iodine per molecule. These purified iodoinsulin fractions have a markedly attenuated biological activity. Evidence is presented which supports the postulate that only a portion of the antibodies in guinea pig insulin antiserum are capable of effectively binding with purified iodoinsulin.


Effect of hemorrhage and retransfusion on intrarenal distribution of blood flow in dogs. Distribution of intrarenal blood flow was studied in 12 dogs anesthetized with Nembutal. Medullary blood flow was estimated by local clearance of hydrogen gas from the outer medulla measured polarographically with needleshaped platinum electrodes, and by local clearance of (85)Kr and mean transit time of (32)P-labeled erythrocytes measured with a small semiconductor detector placed in the outer medulla. Cortical blood flow was estimated from cortical red cell transit time and from total renal blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeter. Bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 50-65 mm Hg in the course of 8-20 min reduced cortical and medullary blood flow on the average to the same extent. In half of the experiments both cortical and medullary blood flow were reduced proportionately less than mean arterial pressure during the first half hour of bleeding. Maintenance of mean arterial pressure at 50-65 mm Hg in all cases led to progressive reduction of both cortical and medullary blood flow, out of proportion to the reduction of arterial pressure. A two step bleeding procedure used in two experiments also led to uniform reduction of renal blood flow. Reinfusion of blood after 2-3 hr of hypotension increased total renal blood flow to an average of 82% and outer medullary hydrogen clearance to an average of 92% of control values. All dogs survived the experiment without evidence of renal failure. It is concluded that hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs leads to a progressive and fairly uniform rise in renal vascular resistance, without any selective hemodynamic response in the juxtamedullary circulation.


Impaired urinary concentration after vasopressin and its gradual correction in hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. This study utilized rates with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (D.I.) in order to explore possible mechanisms which prevent full urinary concentration after acute administration of vasopressin in hypothalamic D.I. and which correct this concentrating defect with prolonged therapy.IT WAS FOUND: (a) that the concentrating defect persisted even when the urinary osmolal excretion of D. I. rats was reduced to that of normal animals; (b) that the defect was not corrected more rapidly if larger doses of vasopressin were given; (c) that it persisted even when the D.I. rats were deprived of drinking water after vasopressin was given; (d) that there was osmotic equilibration between urine and renal papilla at a time when the concentrating defect was still evident; and (e) that the correction of the defect was associated with progressive and significant rise of the papillary osmolality. These studies appear to rule out osmotic diuresis, accumulation of exogenous vasopressin, persistent primary polydipsia, or delay in the induction of membrane permeability as causes for the concentrating defect. Rather, subnormal osmolality of the renal papilla, which can be corrected only gradually, accounts for the initial concentrating defect and the long time required for its correction. Reduction of water content and increase of urea content are primarily responsible for restoration of papillary osmolality to normal.


Influence of abdominal aortography on arterial blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate.


Studies on the characteristics of the control system governing sodium excretion in uremic man. Sodium excretion was studied in a group of patients with chronic renal disease, (a) on constant salt intakes of varying amounts with and without mineralocorticoid hormone administration and, (b) after acute extracellular fluid volume expansion. The lower the steady-state glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the greater was the fraction of filtered sodium excreted on both a 3.5 and 7.0 g salt diet; and the lower the GFR, the greater was the change in fractional excretion in the transition from the 3.5 to the 7.0 g salt diet. This regulatory capacity did not appear to be influenced by mineralocorticoid hormone administration. After acute expansion of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, the increment in sodium excretion exceeded the concomitant increment in filtered sodium in six of nine studies and in the remaining three studies, the increment in excretion averaged 59% of the Delta filtered load (i.e., only 41% of the increase in filtered sodium was reabsorbed). During saline loading, the decrease in fractional reabsorption of sodium tended to vary inversely with the steady-state GFR, although all patients received approximately the same loading volume. When an edema-forming stimulus was applied during saline infusion, the natriuretic response was aborted and the lag time was relatively short. When GFR and the filtered load of sodium were increased without volume expansion, the Delta sodium excretion averaged only 19% of the Delta filtered load; moreover, changes in fractional sodium reabsorption were considerably smaller than those observed during saline loading. The data implicate the presence of a factor other than GFR and mineralocorticoid changes in the modulation of sodium excretion in uremic man.


Absorption of hemoglobin iron: the role of a heme-splitting substance in the intestinal mucosa. The dog behaves like man in his ability to utilize dietary hemoglobin iron and, therefore, is an excellent model in which to study the mechanisms of absorption. Heme is taken up intact into the epithelial cell of the small intestine but the iron appears in the plasma in a nonheme form. A substance is present in mucosal homogenates which is capable of releasing iron from a hemoglobin substrate in vitro. This has a molecular weight greater than 64,000, and appears to behave as an enzyme. There is no difference in the in vitro, effective concentration of the hemesplitting substance in the mucosa of iron-loaded and iron-deficient dogs to explain in vivo changes in iron absorption. However, the rate at which the heme-splitting substance works in vivo appears to be increased by the removal of the nonheme-iron-end product from the epithelial cell to the plasma. Reduction of the heme-iron content within the epithelial cell may then enhance uptake from the lumen. These studies suggest that the labile nonheme-iron content of the intestinal epithelial cell determines its ability to accept heme as well as ionized iron from the lumen.


Norepinephrine inhibition of vasopressin antidiuresis. The effect of norepinephrine on exogenous vasopressin antidiuresis was investigated in water-loaded subjects. After an initial 2 to 3 hr period of water loading (phase 1), 10-100 mU of vasopressin per hr were infused at a constant rate for 1 hr (phase 2) followed by infusion of 10-100 mU of vasopressin per hr plus 600 mug of l-norepinephrine per hr for 1 hr (phase 3). Endogenous creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, and free water clearance (in milliliters/minute) and sodium and chloride excretion (in milliequivalents/minute) were measured. In 10 subjects given 10-20 mU of vasopressin per hr during phases 2 and 3, free water clearance decreased significantly from phase 1 to phase 2 (9.3 to 0.15, P = 0.001) and increased during phase 3 norepinephrine infusion to 4.7 ml/min (P = 0.001). A comparable decrease in phase 2 free water clearance was observed in four subjects given 50 or 100 mU of vasopressin per hr during phases 2 and 3 (P < 0.01); however, the phase 3 norepinephrine infusion in these subjects was not associated with an increase in free water clearance. Creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, and sodium and chloride excretion were unchanged throughout the studies in both groups of subjects.A two phase study in seven subjects confirmed that 10, 20, or 75 mU of vasopressin per hr susstained antidiuresis during phase 2 for at least 2 hr and that free water clearance values were essentially constant in the individual subject after the first 30 min of infusion. The magnitude of the (phase 3) norepinephrine-induced increase in free water clearance (4.5 +/- 0.64 ml/min) during infusion of 10-20 mU of vasopressin per hr, the failure of norepinephrine to increase free water clearance during infusion of 50-100 mU of vasopressin per hr, and the relatively constant endogenous creatinine and osmolal clearance rates would suggest that the norepinephrine inhibition of vasopressin antidiuresis was not the result of alterations in renal blood flow. A post-phase 3 infusion of vasopressin in four subjects resulted in a marked decrease in free water clearance, indicating that the norepinephrine inhibition of vasopressin antidiuresis was not accountable on the basis of decreased medullary hypertonicity. These data support the hypothesis that catecholamine blocks the cellular mechanism of vasopressin antidiuresis in vivo. The observation that norepinephrine did not inhibit the antidiuresis produced by the infusion of 50 or 100 mU of vasopressin per hr suggests that this inhibition might be competitive. A possible role of catecholamine in the mechanism of cold diuresis is suggested.


The nature of the antigen-antibody complexes initiating the specific wheal-and-flare reaction in sensitized man. To study the nature of the antigen-antibody complexes which initiate the specific wheal-and-flare (W & F) reaction in sensitized man, a homologous series of bivalent, oligovalent, and multivalent benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) haptens were quantitatively compared for their effectiveness in eliciting W & F in BPO-sensitized human subjects.A series of seven divalent haptens were capable of eliciting W & F, but these generally were not maximally effective elicitors. Of the divalent haptens, those with separation chains of 8 or 13 A were the most effective. Of the oligovalent haptens, maximal effectiveness was attained with BPO(6)-lysine(7), and not with BPO(2)-lysine(3) or BPO(4)-lysine(4), i.e., haptens which are 6- 3- and 4-valent, respectively, from a chemical point of view. However, evidence was obtained from quantitative precipitation experiments which indicated that BPO(6)-lysine(7) functions as a trivalent hapten immunologically, i.e., capable of binding three antibody molecules per mole hapten. Large molecularsized haptens with immunological valences of 7 or 12, but in which the haptenic groups were widely separated, were comparatively ineffective elicitors of W & F. In individual subjects, threshold W & F reactions were obtained with equimolar concentrations of the differently sized divalent, oligovalent, and multivalent haptens. The results demonstrate that for maximally effective elicitation of W & F by haptens, trivalency with optimal distances of separation of haptenic groups is necessary and sufficient. These results indicate the requirement for the formation of a high energy complex of two or three membrane-fixed skin-sensitizing antibody molecules closely bridged together by the elicitor hapten as the initiator of the W & F reaction.


Metabolism of alpha-methyltyrosine in man: relationship to its potency as an inhibitor of catecholamine biosynthesis. The metabolic fate of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (alpha-MPT), was studied after oral administration of single and multiple doses to patients with pheochromocytoma and essential hypertension. No major urinary excretion product was found other than the drug itself, which accounted for 44-88% of the fate of single or repeated oral doses. Though less than 1% of the administered drug could be recovered in the urine as catechol metabolites, it was possible to identify alpha-methyldopa, alpha-methyldopamine, and alpha-methylnorepinephrine and to quantify the excretion of the first two of these compounds. This minor route of metabolism required revision of methodology (presented herein) for measuring urinary catecholamines during alpha-MPT treatment since these compounds produce spurious fluorescence in routine methods of assay for catecholamines. The catechol metabolites probably are not present in sufficient amounts to contribute to the biochemical effects of the drug. Determination of plasma concentrations of alpha-MPT during maintenance therapy and considerations of the kinetics of enzyme inhibition enabled a calculation to be made of the degree of inhibition of catecholamine synthesis to be expected in the patient. This was calculated to be about 75% for the highest doses employed and is similar in magnitude to experimentally determined values.


Biochemical and pharmacologic effects of alpha-methyltyrosine in man. Alpha methyltyrosine (alpha-MPT) was administered to 52 patients from 4 days to 10 months; 22 patients were cases of pheochromocytoma and 20 had essential hypertension. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis in the range of 50-80% was achieved with divided daily drug dosage of from 1.0 to 4.0 g. Striking clinical benefit was noted in patients with pheochromocytoma in whom the drug was used in preparation for surgery and during chronic medical management. The drug appeared to have limited usefulness when used in essential hypertension, unless added to existing therapy with conventional agents. No beneficial effects were noted in thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Untoward effects in order of decreasing incidence were: sedation (with insomnia on withdrawal), anxiety, tremor, diarrhea, and galactorrhea. Drug crystalluria, which has been observed in animals and is currently restrictive of clinical trials, was not observed in these studies. Evidence is presented that the minor conversion of alpha-MPT to methyldopa probably does not contribute significantly to the central and peripheral effects of the drug.


Sterol synthesis in the human arterial intima. Intimal sterol synthesis was examined in isolated human arterial segments obtained at surgery or at postmortem examination. The tissues were incubated with acetate-1-(14)C and mevalonate-2-(14)C and the incorporation of these precursors into sterols was determined. Intimal sterols were isolated by multiple chromatographic techniques and purified by bromination and oxidation procedures. The results indicate that the arterial intima can incorporate acetate and mevalonate into cholesterol, cholestanol, and squalene. Cholestanol was the major sterol synthesized by the arterial wall, but cholesterol production was also consistently observed. The findings suggest that local synthesis is a potential source of sterol accumulation within the arterial wall. The conversion of cholesterol to other sterols was also studied in terminally ill patients receiving labeled cholesterol before death. Tissue analyses revealed the presence of labeled cholestanol as well as cholesterol in the tissue 5-104 days after labeled cholesterol administration. The results demonstrate the conversion of cholesterol to cholestanol in man and suggest that the exchange of cholestanol between the blood and tissues is similar to that of cholesterol.


Studies on manganese. 3. The biological half-life of radiomanganese in man and factors which affect this half-life. The biological half-life of manganese and some factors influencing it have been studied in man. The disappearance of manganese from the body in normal subjects is described by a curve having two exponential components. An average of 70% of the injected material was eliminated by the "slow" pathway. The half-time characterizing this component showed a small variation in normal subjects and had an average value of 39 days. The half-time for the "fast" component also showed a small variation and had an average value of 4 days. In a normal subject presumed to have a low manganese intake due to a voluntary low caloric intake, the percentage eliminated by the slow pathway increased to 84% and the half-time characterizing the pathway increased to 90 days. The half-time of the "fast" component was the same as for the normal group. 2 months after initiation of the study in this subject, a large "flushing" dose of manganese markedly increased the elimination rate which was described by a single exponential curve.A mildly iron-deficient subject showed a marked decrease in the percentage of manganese eliminated by the "slow" pathway accompanied by a less dramatic decrease in the half-time characterizing this pathway. Oral iron therapy, which corrected the mild anemia, caused a decrease in the elimination rate and the altered curve was described by a single exponential component. Preloading two subjects with manganese resulted in a great decrease in the fraction eliminated by the "slow" pathway with less effect on the half-time. The subject with the largest preloading dose showed no "slow" component at all. Observations on the red cells of some of these subjects showed that a small but definite fraction was incorporated into the erythrocytes. In the mildly iron-deficient subject, our observations suggest an interrelationship between manganese and iron metabolism.


Rate-limiting steps in steady-state intestinal absorption of trioctanoin-1-14C. Effect of biliary and pancreatic flow diversion. During continuous intraduodenal infusion of emulsified fat in rats, a steady state of intestinal absorption is achieved. Maximal steady-state absorption of trioctanoin, a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), by unanesthetized, restrained rats was found to be the same after total bile diversion as in controls (1560 mumoles of fatty acid per hr).After pancreatic and bile diversion, absorption of MCT was still one-third as rapid as in controls, and mucosal uptake apparently occurred in the form of unhydrolyzed triglyceride. Returning bile to the intestinal lumen during pancreatic diversion did not increase the absorption rate.From intestinal tissue lipid-(14)C concentrations measured during steady-state maximal absorption it was possible to calculate turnover times for labeled lipid passing through the mucosal cells. Mucosal turnover times of about 4 min for control and bile-diverted rats, and about 20 min for animals with pancreatic diversion were obtained. The rate-limiting step in octanoic acid absorption in control and bile-diverted rats was probably mucosal penetration. During absorption of unhydrolyzed triglyceride by pancreatic flow-diverted rats, both passage from the lumen into the mucosal cell and intracellular lipolysis were rate-controlling factors.


Disproportional synthesis of the adult duck's two hemoglobins during acute anemia. Concurrent synthesis of two or more hemoglobins occurs in normal man, the human hemoglobinopathies, and certain animal species. Duck erythrocytes produced in response to acutely induced anemic hypoxia (hemolysis or blood loss) contained reciprocally altered proportions of Hb I (alpha(2) (I) beta(2) (I)) and Hb II (alpha(2) (II) beta(2) (II)); the relative proportion of Hb II was 50-100% increased. Relative rates of synthesis of the two hemoglobins remained proportional to their new concentrations throughout erythroid maturation. This information favors the proposal that relatively increased activity, not delayed decay, of biosynthetic processes responsible for net synthesis of Hb II had occurred. These studies support the concept that the individual biosyntheses of multiple hemoglobins, presumably under genetic control, are potentially manipulable, and they provide evidence for one mechanism leading in a reproducible fashion to alterations in net synthesis in vivo.


Studies on the mechanism of action of progesterone in regulation of the synthesis of specific protein. To study the process of hormone action, we have developed an in vitro system utilizing minced oviduct from estrogen-treated chicks incubated in tissue culture medium. Progesterone added to the medium induced synthesis of a specific protein, avidin, that continued for up to 96 hr. During this period there was no increase in total oviduct protein, ovalbumin, or lysozyme, which suggests the specificity of the progesterone effect. The induction process was dependent on new protein synthesis, since cycloheximide inhibited the induction completely. Actinomycin D in doses that prevented nuclear RNA synthesis, but not general protein synthesis, inhibited avidin production 70-90%. Avidin synthesis was not affected by 5-fluorouracil. The rate of DNA synthesis examined by thymidine-(3)H pulse labeling was not stimulated during avidin induction. Hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) and colchicine (a mitotic inhibitor) did not prevent induction. Studies utilizing uridine-(3)H pulses showed an effect on rapdly labeled nuclear RNA coincident with induction. Nuclear RNA polymerase activity increased before avidin induction. Since avidin was the only new protein synthesized in response to progesterone, the early stimulation of nuclear RNA synthesis and RNA polymerase activity would suggest a mechanism of action for this steroid at the transcription level of protein synthesis.


Azepinoindoles. I. Hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles.


Bisquaternary ammonium indolines and perhydroindoles in ganglionic blockade.


Preparation and antininflammatory properties of some 5-(2-anilinophenyl)tetrazoles.


Steroids. CCCX. Structure-activity relationship of some steroidal hypnotic agents.


The synthesis and biological activity of substituted 2,6-diaminopyridines.


Antihypertensive 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones.


Some new 3-amino-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides.


Nucleosides. XLVII. Synthesis of some N4-substituted derivarives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and -5-fluorocytosine.


Some 3-methyl-2-butenylaminopurines and -pyrimidines.


Potential anticancer agents. I. Synthesis of some nitrogen mustard containing benzylidenehydrazides.


Nucleosides. 48. Synthesis of 1-(5-deoxy-beta-D-arabinosyl)cytosine and related compounds.


Some new salts of lucanthone as potential anticancer agents.


Enzyme inhibitors. XIX. The synthesis of some 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(6-substituted-9-purinyl)cyclohexanes as nucleoside analogs.


Quinolone antibacterial agents. Oxolinic acid and related compounds.


Some new p-chlorophenoxycarbanilides and their bacteriostatic activities.


Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of some 1,7-nephthyridines and 2,9-diazaanthracenes.


1-substitution in 2-methyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole. I. Synthesis of compounds with potential antitrichomonal activity.


5-Aryl-1,5-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones.


Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 1,1-dimethyl- and 2-methyl-4-phenylsemicarbazides.


Resolution and racemization of dl-tetramisole, dl-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo-[2,1-b]thiazole.


Substituent effects on ester carbonyl absorption and chemoreceptor responses initiated by tropanyl phenylacetates.


Methoxy derivatives of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin and 5-phenyl-5-benzylhydantoin.


Synthesis of 3,5-bishydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2-pyridone, an isomer of pyridoxine.


Diimides of cyclobutane-1,1-dicarbosylic acid.


Adamantoyl esters of pyridoxol.

Adamantoyl esters of pyridoxol.


Isoquinolines as cholinesterase inhibitors. I.


3-Aminomethyl-5-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophenes.


Imidothiazoles.

Imidothiazoles.


Some hydrogenated dibenz[e,g]isoindoline derivatives.


The ethyl homologs of 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine.


Probable conformations of some reversed esters of meperidine as solutes in water. Conformational factors in 4-phenylpiperidine analgetics.


Effects of certain arylhydroxamic acids on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro.


Sulfonamides of hydroxylamine derivatives.


N4-substituted N1-toluenesulfonylpiperazines.


Enzyme inhibitors. XX. Studies on the hydrophobic and hydroxyl binding regions of adenosine deaminase. 9-(2-m-Bromoacetamidophenethyl)adenine, a new irreversible inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.


The parabolic dependence of drug action upon lipophilic character as revealed by a study of hypnotics.


Lipid-soluble derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine.


Derivatives and analogs of 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleotide.


Analogs of 6-methyl-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine.


DL-willardiine mustard.

DL-willardiine mustard.


Nucleosides. XLV. 1-alpha-L-aldo-pentofuranosylpyrimidines.


Studies on antiprotozoans. Synthesis and biological activity of some styrylimidazole derivatives.


Nitrofuryl heterocycles. VII. 4-Amino-6-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines.


Silicon-containing barbiturates.

Silicon-containing barbiturates.


Synthesis and pharmacological properties of N-derivatives of 5,6-dihydro-7H,12H-dibenz[c,f]azocine, a new tricyclic system.


Kinetics of renaturation of DNA.

Kinetics of renaturation of DNA.


Chemical and pharmacological investigations of some omega-substituted alkylamino-3-aminopyridines.


Translational control of bacteriophage MS2 RNA cistrons by MS2 coat protein: polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins synthesized in vitro.


Integration-negative mutants of bacteriophage lambda.


Rates of chain growth and units of replication in DNA of mammalian chromosomes.


Direction of translation of the lysozyme gene of bacteriophage T4 relative to the linkage map.


Method for isolation of active gamma-F subunit from normal foetal haemoglobin.


Haem-haem interaction in the reduction and ionization reactions of methaemoglobin.


Electron microscopy of DNA conformations in spinach chloroplasts.


Iodine uptake by ova of hens given excess iodine and effect upon ova development.


Cellular response with increased feeding in pituitary dwarf mice.


Interrelationship of dietary glycine, methionine and vitamin E in the rat.


Requirements of the female rat for linoleic and linolenic acids.


Potassium requirement of the weanling guinea pig.


Rat studies on quality of protein and growth-inhibiting action of alkaloids of lupine (Lupinus termis).


Acute physiological effects of feeding rats non-urea-adducting fatty acids (urea-filtrate).


Utilization of a delayed lysine or tryptophan supplement for protein repletion of rats.


Microbial species including ureolytic bacteria from the rumen of cattle fed purified diets.


Evaluation of urea, biuret, urea phosphate and uric acid as NPN sources for cattle.


Effects of dietary DL-methionine on tissue levels of glutathione in hypothyroid chicks.


In vitro uptake of selenium-75 by red blood cells from the immature ovine during varying selenium intakes.


Relation of tissue electrolyte losses to the relative polydipsia of early starvation in rats.


Incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine and 35S-methionine into chicken egg white proteins.


Availability of vitamin B6 vitamers fed orally to Long-Evans rats as determined by tissue transaminase activity and vitamin B6 assay.


Digestion and absorption of ingested and secreted proteins labeled with 75Se-selenomethionine and 35S-methionine in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.


Evidence of malfunctioning blood-brain barrier in experimental thiamine deficiency in rats.


Effect of varying calcium intake on the parameters of calcium metabolism in the rat.


Aggression arousal, hostile humor, catharsis.


The laser beam in urology.

The laser beam in urology.


90-yttrium hypophysectomy in the management of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate gland in 13 patients.


Hematuria in renal tuberculosis.

Hematuria in renal tuberculosis.


Concomitant unrelated neoplasms of the renal pelvis.


Bilharzial pseudo-calculus of the ureter.


Conservative management of ureterovaginal fistula.


Rare malformations of the bladder.

Rare malformations of the bladder.


Pseudo bladder neck syndrome in women.

Pseudo bladder neck syndrome in women.


Treatment and prognosis in seminoma of the testis.


Management of inadvertent rectal injury: report of a technique used in two cases.


Azostix for determining blood urea nitrogen(BUN).


Dextran 40 and other dextrans.

Dextran 40 and other dextrans.


The unitest system.

The unitest system.


Mumps virus vaccine.

Mumps virus vaccine.


Granules and thyrocalcitonin-like activity in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.


Perinatal deaths associated with mepivacaine paracervical-block anesthesia in labor.


Anaphylactic reaction to dextrans.

Anaphylactic reaction to dextrans.


Legal aspects of artificial insemination.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 10-1968.


Thyrocalcitonin: relation to disease.

Thyrocalcitonin: relation to disease.


Oxygen therapy.

Oxygen therapy.


Definition of normal blood bilirubin.

Definition of normal blood bilirubin.


Early labeled bilirubin.

Early labeled bilirubin.


Cholestasis of pregnancy.

Cholestasis of pregnancy.


Medical records that guide and teach.

Medical records that guide and teach.


Transient blindness following head injury in children.


Relative importance of parathyroid hormone and thyrocalcitonin in calcium homeostasis.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercixes. Case 12-1968.


Guest editorial--thermal pollution.

Guest editorial--thermal pollution.


Possible medical benefits of obedience.

Possible medical benefits of obedience.


An "overlooked" syndrome.

An "overlooked" syndrome.


Use of mumps vaccine.

Use of mumps vaccine.


Use of cryoprecipitate.

Use of cryoprecipitate.


Sympathetic health care by team.

Sympathetic health care by team.


Regulation of blood pressure and hypertension.


Cry halt.

Cry halt.


The care of paraplegic and quadriplegic patients. 1. The treatment begins.


What's wrong with the Mental Health Service.


Lead poisoning--five cases.

Lead poisoning--five cases.


District nursing attachment in general practice.


Care of hospital nursing staff. A neglected aspect of management. 3. Ward sisters.


A national nurses' uniform.

A national nurses' uniform.


Suicide among patients in mental hospitals. A study of the psychiatrists who conducted their psychotherapy.


Mental health professions and the division of labor in a metropolitan community.


Some difficulties in giving schizophrenic and borderline patients medication.


The first lie.

The first lie.


A developmental problem of late adolescence: case report.


The radiolytic oxidation of ethylene in aqueous solution.


Gas-phase radiolysis of ammonia: effect of density and additives.


Spleen shielding in survivors of the atomic bomb.


Electron flux spectra in aluminum; analysis for LET spectra and excitation and ionization yields.


Precision measurements of W for polonium alpha particles in various gases.


Radiation-induced solution polymerization of bis (beta-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate.


Radiation-induced copolymerization of bis(beta-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate.


The gamma radiolysis of acetonitrile.

The gamma radiolysis of acetonitrile.


Radiolysis of aromatic compounds: deuterated toluene.


Perfluoroalkanes in ionizing radiation.

Perfluoroalkanes in ionizing radiation.


Photolysis studies of the chloroacetic acids using light of 2537 A.


Gamma radiolysis studies of the chloroacetic acids.


A study of the mitotically active germ cells of the gonads of x-irradiated chick embryos.


Survival of whole-body-irradiated hibernating and active ground squirrels; Citellus tridecemlineatus.


Late effects on kidneys in whole-body-irradiated parabiosed rats.


The effect of x-irradiation on glycine transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.


The reaction of PuIV with the iron transport system in human blood serum.


The therapeutic effect of serotonin on the survival of x-irradiated rats.


Differential radiosensitivity of the hepatic melanocytes of Amphiuma tridactylum.


The syndrome of recurrent idiopathic pericarditis.


Chronic bronchitis--a pilot survey.

Chronic bronchitis--a pilot survey.


Bilateral solid medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.


A clinicopathologic study of carcinoid tumors.


Spontaneous resolution of experimental clotted hemothorax.


Severe upper abdominal injuries treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy.


Cholecystectomy in the aged.

Cholecystectomy in the aged.


Breast cancer in women subsequent to cystic disease of the breast.


Recurrent endometrial carcinoma.

Recurrent endometrial carcinoma.


Prevention of steroid ulcerogenesis by vagotomy in dogs.


Evaluation of renal function during experimental hydronephrosis by means of the radioisotope renogram.


Submucosal saline injection technique for ureteral reimplantation.


Temperature as a factor in wound healing.


Postshunt encephalopathy.

Postshunt encephalopathy.


Choledochal dynamics in man.

Choledochal dynamics in man.


Emergency surgery in the newborn.

Emergency surgery in the newborn.


Operative cholangiography controversy.

Operative cholangiography controversy.


A multiple suture holder.

A multiple suture holder.


A new device for long term maintenance of gastric stoma.


Psycholinguistic diversity among "culturally deprived" children.


Principles of management in child abuse cases.


Orientation to work in children.

Orientation to work in children.


The influence of nursery school on social interactions.


Antidisestablishmentarianism by any other name.


Social worker participation in training residents in psychiatry.


Pregnancy experiences among married adolescents.


American youth in a social struggle. II. The Appalachian volunteers.


The hazards of teamwork.

The hazards of teamwork.


Rehabilitation of narcotics addicts among lower-class teenagers.


How to win friends and influence legislators.


Birth weights of high school dropouts.

Birth weights of high school dropouts.


Neurosis and the social structure.

Neurosis and the social structure.


Social identification and the seeking of pyschiatric care.


A three-year posthospital follow-up of adolescent and adult schizophrenics.


Studies on lipogenesis in vivo. Lipogenesis during extended periods of re-feeding after starvation. 1. Lipogenesis was studied in mice re-fed for up to 21 days after starvation. At appropriate times [U-(14)]glucose was given by stomach tube and incorporation of (14)C into various lipid fractions measured. 2. In mice starved for 48hr. and then re-fed for 4 days with a diet containing 1% of corn oil, incorporation of (14)C from [U-(14)C]glucose into liver fatty acids and cholesterol was respectively threefold and eightfold higher than in controls fed ad libitum. The percentages by weight of fatty acids and cholesterol in the liver also increased and reached peaks after 7 days. Both the radioactivity and weights of the fractions returned to control values after 10-14 days' re-feeding. These changes could be diminished by re-feeding the mice with a diet containing 20% of corn oil. Incorporation of (14)C from [U-(14)C]glucose into extrahepatic fatty acids (excluding those of the epididymal fat pads) was not elevated during re-feeding with a diet containing either 1% or 20% of corn oil. However, incorporation of (14)C from [U-(14)C]glucose into the fatty acids of the epididymal fat pads was increased in mice re-fed with either diet, as compared with non-starved controls. 3. Lipogenesis was also studied in mice alternately fed and starved. Mice given a diet containing 1% of corn oil for 6hr./day for 4 weeks lost weight initially and never attained the weight or carcass fat content of controls fed ad libitum. Incorporation of (14)C from dietary [U-(14)C]-glucose into the fatty acids of the epididymal fat pads was elevated threefold in the mice allowed limited access to food, although the incorporation into the remainder of the extrahepatic fatty acids was not different from that found for controls. Mice given a diet containing 20% of corn oil for 6hr./day adapted to the limited feeding regimen quicker and in 4 weeks did attain the weight and carcass fat content of controls. Incorporation of (14)C from [U-(14)C]glucose into the fatty acids of the epididymal fat pads and the remainder of the extrahepatic fatty acids was respectively fivefold and threefold higher than in controls fed ad libitum. 4. The elevation in liver lipogenesis during re-feeding was greatest on a diet containing 1% of corn oil, whereas in extrahepatic tissues the increase in lipogenesis was greater when the mice were re-fed or were allowed limited access to a diet containing 20% of corn oil. These results suggest that the causes of the increased rate of incorporation of (14)C from [U-(14)C]glucose into fatty acids during re-feeding may be different in liver from that in extrahepatic tissues.


Adaptive behaviour of some enzymes involved in glucose utilization and formation in rat liver during the weaning period. 1. The effects of premature weaning on to normal and high-glucose diets and of normal weaning on to high-protein and high-fat diets on the activities of hepatic enzymes involved in both the utilization of glucose and the formation of glucose by gluconeogenesis in rats during the weaning period were investigated. 2. The effects of weaning and high-glucose diets were, in general, to bring about increases in the activities of enzymes involved in glucose utilization and a more rapid decrease of the activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes towards normal adult values. 3. The effects of weaning on to high-fat and high-protein diets were, in general, to lower the rate of increase in activities of the enzymes involved in glucose utilization, and to prevent the decrease in activity of the gluconeogenic enzymes that occurs during normal weaning. 4. The changes in the activity of cytoplasmic phosphopyruvate carboxylase appear to be of special significance; this and other results are in keeping with current theories about the pathways and control of gluconeogenesis. 5. The activity of ATP citrate lyase appears to be particularly important in lipid formation. 6. The results are interpreted in terms of the known adaptive behaviour of these enzymes in the adult rat. The roles of enzyme development and of enzyme adaptation in the elaboration of metabolic homoeostasis in the weanling rat are discussed.


Biosynthesis of galactan by a particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus seedlings. A particulate cell-free enzyme system was prepared from Phaseolus aureus shoots. This preparation was able to incorporate [(14)C]galactose from UDP-[(14)C]galactose into a water-soluble polysaccharide, which has a probable molecular weight of at least 4600. The only labelled component detectable in the polymer was shown to be [(14)C]galactose; two labelled oligosaccharides containing only [(14)C]galactose were isolated by partial hydrolysis. The galactan-synthesizing activity of this particulate preparation is maximal at 30 degrees and pH7.1 in the presence of 5.0mm-magnesium chloride and 0.2m-sucrose. Although 3-day-old seedlings were used as a source of enzyme, it appears that 4- or 5-day-old beans contain greater synthetase activity. The enzyme system has an apparent Michaelis constant of 5.8x10(-6)m, and will catalyse the polymerization of galactose residues at the rate of 7.5mmumoles/mg. of protein/min. at a substrate concentration of 9.6mm.


C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in two species of blue-green algae. 1. The biliproteins C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were purified from the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis by ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel filtration. 2. An assay procedure that enabled the proportion of the two pigments, present as a mixture, to be determined was devised by using the data provided by spectrophotometric analysis of the purified biliproteins. 3. The degree of association and relative proportions of the two pigments were analysed by the application of this procedure to the components separated by thin-layer gel filtration. 4. The C-phycocyanin/allophycocyanin ratio remained essentially constant in algal extracts prepared at various stages throughout the growth cycle or after growth under conditions of reduced illumination. 5. The behaviour of the C-phycocyanin aggregate species from Anacystis nidulans suggested that they were of appreciably lower molecular weight than those observed in extracts of Anabaena variabilis.


Pyruvate metabolism by aminopterin-inhibited Aerobacter aerogenes. 1. The synthesis and utilization of both alanine (by reductive amination, oxidative deamination and transamination) and valine (by transamination only) in Aerobacter aerogenes are unaffected by aminopterin. These amino acids, which accumulate in aminopterin-treated cultures of this organism, are therefore considered to be formed as secondary products from the excess of pyruvate that also accumulates. 2. Oxidative metabolism of pyruvate and the synthesis of acetylmethylcarbinol by A. aerogenes cells are unaltered by growth in the presence of aminopterin. 3. Cells from static and anaerobic cultures that have been treated with the folic acid antagonist in the early exponential phase have a decreased ability to cleave pyruvate to acetate and formate, and to effect the exchange of formate with the carboxyl group of pyruvate. 4. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate, the keto acid precursor of valine, cannot replace pyruvate as substrate in either the phosphoroclastic or the exchange reaction.


The morphology of fractions of rat forebrain synaptosomes separated on continuous sucrose density gradients.


Pyruvate accumulation in growth-inhibited cultures of Aerobacter aerogenes. 1. Accumulation of pyruvate occurs during the early stages of exponential growth of aerobic, anaerobic and static cultures of a strain of Aerobacter aerogenes. In normal cultures of this organism the content of pyruvate increases until most of the glucose of the medium has been consumed, and then declines rapidly. The presence of unconsumed sugar is not the sole reason for the accumulation of keto acid, since this is unaffected by the addition of extra glucose to either exponentialphase or stationary-phase cultures. 2. In aminopterin-inhibited cultures, the rate of glucose utilization is decreased greatly, and pyruvate continues to accumulate throughout the period of incubation. This prolonged phase of accumulation appears to be a consequence of the growth inhibition, and not to a specific action of aminopterin on the phosphoroclastic breakdown of pyruvate, since it occurs also when growth is restricted by the antibiotics streptomycin, chloramphenicol and neomycin. 3. A possible explanation is suggested for the accumulation of pyruvate in the inhibited cultures.


The effectiveness of a lipid peroxide in oxidizing protein and non-protein thiols. 1. Thiol oxidation by a lipid peroxide or hydrogen peroxide was as efficient in denatured non-haem proteins as in small thiols. Both peroxides were relatively ineffective in oxidizing haemoprotein thiols, especially at low pH. Increased amounts of haematin decreased greatly the efficiency of GSH oxidation by peroxides especially at low pH. 2. Other than the haematin ring, the thiol group was found to be probably the group in proteins most sensitive to modification by peroxides. 3. At low concentrations, the fatty acid moiety of a lipid peroxide appeared to impede thiol oxidation in proteins, probably by hydrophobic bonding to the protein, rather than to stimulate thiol oxidation by denaturing the protein and thereby increasing the exposure and reactivity of the thiol group. 4. The relative rates of thiol oxidation by peroxides in the different thiols were: haemoprotein thiols>small thiols>other protein thiols. In all cases, thiol oxidation was much more rapid by the lipid peroxide than by hydrogen peroxide.


Hydrocortisone requirement for the induction of glutamine synthetase in chick-embryo retinas. Hydrocortisone has been found to induce glutamine synthetase activity in chick-embryo retinas in culture. Evidence is presented to show that the hydrocortisone is definitely required for transcription; its requirement for translation has not been ruled out. The possible identity of hydrocortisone with an active component of calf-serum diffusate reported earlier is discussed. The data also indicate that the glutamine synthetase messenger RNA is stable for at least several hours.


Carotenoids in floral parts of a narcissus, a daffodil and a tulip. 1. The qualitative and quantitative distribution of carotenoids of the floral parts of three monocotyledons, the narcissus Scarlet Elegance, the daffodil King Alfred and the tulip Golden Harvest, were studied. beta-Carotene, lutein or epoxy-beta-carotenes were usually the main pigments, depending on the floral part and on the flower. When beta-carotene was the major pigment there were only small amounts of, or sometimes no, epoxycarotenes. 2. Anthers, stigmas and styles of the three flowers did not possess any specific carotenoids but in some cases contained appreciable amounts of epoxycarotenoids. The possibility that these take part in reproduction is discussed. 3. The generalization that yellow flowers contained large amounts of xanthophylls and only traces of carotenes, whereas deep-orange flowers seemed to be characterized by the presence of large amounts of one carotene, was not always the correct one. It is suggested that the floral parts are yellow or orange depending on what carotenoids are present, which is the major one and the amount of total carotenoids, and also on the presence of other non-carotenoid pigments. 4. Two new probable isomers of 5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-beta-carotene were isolated and found together in various floral parts of the tulip Golden Harvest.


Mechanism of choline O-sulphate utilization in fungi. 1. The position of the enzyme blocks in a number of parathiotrophic mutants of Aspergillus nidulans A 69 and mutants A and C of a biotinless mutant of Aspergillus nidulans were examined by nutritional and heterokaryosis experiments and by assay in vitro of enzyme systems and specific enzymes. 2. The mutants were in five groups: A and C blocked at sulphate transport; gamma at ATP sulphurylase; iota at adenosine 5'-sulphatophosphate kinase; eta at the adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate reductase system; alpha, beta and zeta between sulphite and thiosulphate. 3. The ability of the various mutants to synthesize choline O-sulphate in vivo and in vitro and to utilize choline O-sulphate as a source of sulphur indicated that the utilization of endogenously formed choline O-sulphate involved the splitting off of inorganic sulphate, which was then reduced. 4. Choline O-sulphate acted as a source of choline for cholineless strains of Neurospora crassa, suggesting that choline O-sulphate breakdown occurred by simple hydrolysis involving a choline sulphatase. 5. After de-repression of mycelia by growing for a period on a sulphur-free medium the presence of choline sulphatase in physiologically significant amounts was demonstrated in all the A. nidulans strains tested. 6. Choline O-sulphate is transported across the mycelial wall by a mechanism different to that responsible for inorganic sulphate transport.


Regulation of choline sulphatase synthesis and activity in Aspergillus nidulans. 1. Choline O-sulphate is taken up from the growth medium to the same extent by sulphur-deficient and sulphur-sufficient mycelia of Aspergillus nidulans, but hydrolysis of the transported sulphate ester in vivo only occurs in the sulphur-deficient mycelia. 2. Choline sulphatase activity could not be detected in vitro in sulphur-sufficient mycelia of wild-type and sulphur mutants of A. nidulans, but after sulphur starvation all strains showed appreciable activity of this enzyme. 3. Optimum activity of choline sulphatase in an ultrasonically treated preparation of sulphur-deficient mycelia was at pH7.5. The optimum substrate concentration was in excess of 25mm and K(m) was 0.035m. The enzyme was completely inhibited by 10mm-SO(3) (2-), PO(4) (3-), CN(-) and cysteine. 4. Growth of sulphur-deficient mycelia on various sulphur sources resulted in a decrease of choline sulphatase activity in vitro. The decrease appeared to be due to a repression of choline sulphatase synthesis rather than to inhibition of activity. De-repression by growth on a sulphur-deficient medium was prevented by cycloheximide. Unlike the choline sulphatase of bacteria the fungal enzyme did not need to be substrate-induced. 5. By using sulphur mutants the identity of the co-repressor was limited to S(2)O(3) (2-), cysteine-S-sulphonate, cysteine or compounds derived directly from them. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the co-repressor is cysteine. 6. Inhibition of choline sulphatase activity in vivo was demonstrated with cysteine as the sulphur source for growth.


The carbohydrate components of hydrolysates of gastric secretion and extracts from mucous glands of the gastric body mucosa and antrum. 1. The sugars and amino sugars of hydrolysates of gastric secretion were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. 2. All the gastric aspirations examined showed on hydrolysis the presence of fucose, galactose, mannose, glucose, galactosamine, glucosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid and sulphate. 3. Galactose and glucosamine were always found in equimolar amounts, but the galactose/galactosamine ratio in different aspirations was 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1. Repeated gastric aspirations of each subject examined showed constant ratios of these carbohydrate components. 4. Fucose and sialic acid appear to be related to glucosamine and galactosamine respectively. 5. The carbohydrate components of extracts from the mucous glands of the body mucosa and antrum did not differ from those of gastric secretion.


The inhibitory effect of reduced glutathione on the lipid peroxidation of the microsomal fraction and mitochondria. 1. GSH efficiently inhibited the ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids in the fresh microsomal fraction and mitochondria of rat liver, whereas the peroxidation in heat-denatured particles was little inhibited. 2. Cysteamine and diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited the peroxidation in both fresh and boiled particles. Thioglycollate and 2-mercaptoethanol had no inhibiting effect. Cysteine and homocysteine both stimulated the lipid peroxidation even in the absence of ascorbate. 3. The added GSH disappeared at nearly the same rate in the presence of fresh and of boiled particles to which ascorbate had been added, although considerably more malonaldehyde was formed in the boiled particles. In the absence of ascorbate little GSH disappeared. 4. It is suggested that the protective effect of GSH against lipid peroxidation depends on the preservation of heat-labile structures in the microsomal fraction and mitochondria.


Androgen sulphate formation in male and female rats. 1. After large doses of androsterone, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone, female rats excreted more of the dose conjugated with sulphuric acid than did the males. 2. Androgens were also incubated with liver slices from male and female rats. Slices from females conjugated androgens with sulphuric acid to a greater extent than did slices from males. 3. The amount of unchanged androgen present in the faeces of orally dosed animals was 4-35% of the dose.


Degradation of insulin in vitro by liver and epididymal adipose tissue from obese-hyperglycaemic mice. The insulin-degrading activity of liver supernatants and epididymal adipose-tissue homogenates from genetically obese-hyperglycaemic mice (ob ob) and their lean litter mates was studied by measurement of radioactive trichloroacetic acid-soluble degradation products of the insulin molecule. Optimum assay conditions for the decomposition of the hormone were devised. The properties of the degrading activity suggested the presence of enzymic insulin destruction in both the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. There was no difference in insulin degradation in liver samples from obese and lean mice when the results were related to the protein content of the supernatants. The epididymal adipose-tissue homogenates from obese mice displayed about eightfold higher degrading activity per unit of protein than did homogenates from lean animals. The physiological significance of this finding is discussed in the light of the increased fat depots, hyperphagia, raised serum insulin concentrations and increased insulin tolerance previously recorded in this strain of mice.


The isolation of neurophysin-I and-II from bovine pituitary neurosecretory granules separated on a large scale from other subcellular organelles. Demonstration of slow equilibration of neurosecretory granules during centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. 1. An improved procedure for the isolation of neurosecretory granules from the posterior lobe of the bovine pituitary gland is described. 2. Of the total oxytocic and pressor activities present in the original tissue 80% was sedimentable. 3. The granules were separated from mitochondria by prolonged centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. During a sedimentation period of 5hr. the granules moved progressively into denser regions of the gradient and the mitochondria remained at the top. 4. The biological activities of the granules were measured: the oxytocic activity was 11.56+/-1.63 and the pressor activity was 15.60+/-3.91 units/mg. of protein. 5. A protein was isolated from a lysate of granules prepared from 40 pituitary glands. Amino acid analysis showed that it consisted of a mixture of neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II in equal proportions. It accounted for 60% of the soluble granule protein and for 50% of the total granule protein. 6. The neurophysins present in the granules are associated with 19.1 units of oxytocic and 21.1 units of pressor activity/mg. of protein. 7. Starch-gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of both neurophysins in extracts of 15 pituitary glands studied individually. 8. We conclude that the polypeptide hormones, oxytocin and [8-arginine]-vasopressin, are normally closely associated with the two neurophysins within neurosecretory granules of the pituitary gland.


The titration curve of insulin in the presence of various bivalent metal ions. 1. Titration curves of insulin in the presence and absence of various metal ions are reported. 2. The difference in base consumption with and without the metal ions is compared with calculated curves. 3. These experiments suggest that in dilute solutions Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) ions are bound to alpha-amino groups.


The metabolism of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene in the rat and in man. 1. The major metabolites of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the rat are 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT-acid), both free (9% of the dose) and as a glucuronide (15%), and S-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-acetylcysteine. 2. The mercapturic acid does not appear to derive from the usually accepted enzyme mechanism, and may involve a non-enzymic reaction between BHT free radical and cysteine. 3. The ester glucuronide and mercapturic acid found in rat urine are also the major metabolites in rat bile and must be responsible for the enterohepatic circulation. 4. Free BHT-acid is the main component in rat faeces. 5. In man, BHT-acid, free and conjugated, is a minor component in urine, and the mercapturic acid is virtually absent. The bulk of the radioactivity is excreted as the ether-insoluble glucuronide of a metabolite in which the ring methyl group and one tert.-butyl methyl group are oxidized to carboxyl groups, and a methyl group on the other tert.-butyl group is also oxidized, probably to an aldehyde group. 6. These differences in metabolism by the rat and by man are sufficient to account for the difference in excretion by the two species.


Stimulation of pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenase enzyme activities in ethionine-treated mice. 1. Mice treated with ethionine (intraperitoneally, 5mg./day for 4 days or 10mg./day for 3 days) showed a profound loss of hepatic glycogen, a decrease of glycogen synthetase activity, a development of hypoglycaemia, a two- to five-fold increase in the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase but no change in 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and an earlier manifestation of the solubilization of phosphorylase as compared with glycogen synthetase. The administration of ATP did not prevent these effects. 2. During the early post-injection period (2-3 days) there was a further enhancement of the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (tenfold) in the liver and a clear elevation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity (twofold). Subsequently, the glycogen concentration was restored, followed by an earlier reassociation of glycogen particle with phosphorylase than with glycogen synthetase, along with a disappearance of ethionine effect at about the eighteenth day. 3. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from both control and ethionine-treated animals showed a marked preference for glucose 6-phosphate as substrate rather than for galactose 6-phosphate, whose rate of oxidation was only 10% of that of the glucose 6-phosphate. 4. Since actinomycin D, puromycin, 5-fluorouracil and dl-p-fluorophenylalanine failed to block the ethionine-enhanced glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the possibility that new enzyme protein synthesis is responsible for the effect is doubtful.


Uptake, distribution and binding of beryllium to organelles of the rat liver cell. 1. Male rats were injected intravenously with amounts ranging from 0.08 to 111.0mumoles of [(7)Be]beryllium sulphate/kg. body wt. The distribution in the rat and the subcellular distribution of beryllium in the liver were determined. 2. Within the entire dose range a higher specific activity of beryllium was present in a mitochondrial fraction containing the lysosomes. Purification of this fraction confirmed that beryllium is taken up by lysosomes. 3. With doses approaching the LD(50), beryllium was also found in increasing amounts to be present in the liver cell nuclei. Beryllium also showed affinity towards isolated cell nuclei in vitro. Evidence is presented that they have one class of binding sites for beryllium. Mitochondria have less affinity for beryllium. 4. No evidence could be obtained of an affinity of beryllium for DNA or RNA by fractionation of nuclei and dialysis experiments. 5. The presence of beryllium in liver cell nuclei may be relevant to the effects of beryllium on nuclear structure and function.


The interaction of triethyltin with components of animal tissues. 1. The distribution of triethyl[(113)Sn]tin chloride in the rat, guinea pig and hamster is not uniform, the highest concentrations being in rat blood and the liver of all three species. 2. Subcellular fractionation of rat liver, brain and kidney shows that triethyltin binds to all fractions to different extents. In the liver of the rat and guinea pig the supernatant fraction contains the largest amount and the highest specific concentration; this triethyltin is bound to a non-diffusible component. 3. Rat haemoglobin is responsible for the binding of triethyltin in rat blood (2 moles of triethyltin/mole of haemoglobin). Haemoglobins from other species have much less affinity for triethyltin. 4. A variety of other proteins do not bind triethyltin.


Reaction of beta-propiolactone with amino acids and its specificity for methionine. 1. The reactions of beta-propiolactone with amino acids were investigated under various conditions of pH and temperature to find those under which the reagent acted with specificity. 2. At pH9.0 and 22 degrees , after 15min. of reaction, at least 85% of each amino acid had reacted, methionine and cystine being the most reactive. 3. At pH7.0 and 22 degrees most amino acids reacted; methionine, cystine and histidine reacted almost entirely, and proline and lysine to a significantly smaller extent. 4. At pH3.0 and 22 degrees further specificity was obtained; methionine and cystine were the only reactive amino acids. 5. Reaction at pH3.0 and 0 degrees was specific for methionine; it was the only amino acid modified even after 145hr. of reaction.


Rat small-intestinal beta-galactosidases. Separation by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 1. The chromatography of rat small-intestinal beta-galactosidase activities on gel-filtration and ion-exchange columns has been studied. Five different substrates were used to measure beta-galactosidase activity (lactose, phenyl beta-galactoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-galactoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-galactoside and 6-bromo-2-naphthyl beta-galactoside) and the activity was measured at one acid and one more neutral pH value. 2. By gel filtration one acid beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose and the hetero-beta-galactosides at about the same rate, and one more neutral beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose much more rapidly than the hetero-beta-galactosides, were separated. 3. By ion-exchange chromatography the acid enzyme was fractionated into two components. These may be individual enzymes or different forms of the same enzyme.


The kinetics of a novel cyclic reaction system and its use in the assay of polynucleotide phosphorylase or adenosine diphosphate plus adenosine triphosphate. 1. A sensitive new method is described for the rapid optical assay of polynucleotide phosphorylase in crude bacterial extracts of low specific activity. 2. The assay is non-linear with time and a quick method for determining the approximate activity by using a nomograph is given. 3. The dependence of the assay on Mg(2+) concentration was investigated and the conditions that gave first-order kinetics were determined. 4. The theoretical behaviour of the system was examined mathematically and shown to tend to a simple dynamic steady state, under certain conditions. 5. The potential uses of such cyclic systems are discussed.


Metabolism of arylsulphonates by micro-organisms. 1. Species of Pseudomonas capable of degrading arylsulphonates and detergents of the alkylbenzenesulphonate type were isolated from sewage and river water. 2. Benzenesulphinate, benzenesulphonate and toluene-p-sulphonate were rapidly degraded by these organisms with the release of the sulphonate group as sulphite; detergent homologues with a chain length up to 16 carbon atoms (4-n-hexadecyl-benzenesulphonate) also released sulphite. Sulphite oxidation to sulphate in the medium can occur non-enzymically. 3. Growth on benzenesulphonate and toluene-p-sulphonate elicited a catechol 2,3-oxygenase, which effected a ;meta' cleavage of the ring. The metabolic route for benzenesulphonate was determined as: benzenesulphonate-->catechol-->2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde-->formate and 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate-->acetaldehyde and pyruvate; the enzymes catalysing these steps were all inducible. 4. Toluene-p-sulphonate was degraded via 2-hydroxy-5-methylmuconic semialdehyde to formate and 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate and the latter was cleaved to propionaldehyde and pyruvate. Propionaldehyde and propionate were oxidized rapidly by toluene-p-sulphonate-grown cells but slowly by fumarate-grown organisms. 5. The specificity of the catechol 2,3-oxygenase induced by the arylsulphonates, towards catechol and the methylcatechols, varied during the purification and suggested that 3-methylcatechol was probably oxidized by a separate enzyme. Detergents of the alkylbenzenesulphonate type also induced a catechol 2,3-oxygenase in these bacteria. 6. A few isolates, after growth on benzenesulphonate, opened the ring of catechol by an ;ortho' route to form cis-cis-muconate. The enzymes to degrade this intermediate to beta-oxoadipate were also present in induced cells.


The inhibition of caeruloplasmin by cyanide. 1. The reversible inhibition of the oxidase activity of caeruloplasmin by cyanide was investigated. 2. The kinetics are unusual, being competitive but with the inhibited complex formed only during cycling. 3. Inhibitory concentrations of cyanide are comparable with that of caeruloplasmin. 4. One azide group completely inhibits a caeruloplasmin molecule but two cyanide groups are required. 5. The results suggest that azide binds to a half-reduced or fully reduced conformational isomer of the enzyme whereas cyanide binds to completely reoxidized isomers, and that inhibited complexes contain ligand bridges between copper atoms.


The sedimentation of rat skeletal-muscle ribosomes. Effect of hydrocortisone, insulin and diet. 1. The influence of hydrocortisone, insulin and diet on the size distribution of ribosomes in a post-mitochondrial supernatant prepared from rat skeletal muscle was studied by sedimentation analysis with a linear 15-40% (w/v) sucrose gradient. 2. Within 4hr. after the injection of 5mg. of hydrocortisone to well-nourished rats, a decrease in the yield per g. of muscle and proportion of total RNA due to polyribosomes was observed. Similar results were obtained in rats given a protein-free diet for 3 days before administration of the hormone. 3. Insulin injection increased the yield and proportion of polyribosomes within 2hr. and decreased the proportion of the lighter ribosomal aggregates. Similar results were noted in rats given a protein-free diet for 3 days before injection. A protein-free diet given for 3 days decreased the yield and proportion of polyribosomes. Insulin did not increase the yield of polyribosomes if rats were starved for 52hr. before injection, but decreased the yield and proportion of the lighter ribosome species. 4. A 52hr. period of starvation or 2,4-dinitrophenol (15mg./kg. body wt.) given 1hr. before the rats were killed resulted in a decreased yield and proportion of polyribosomes, and, within 6hr. of re-feeding the rats with protein-free diets, an increased concentration of polyribosomes was noted. 5. The effects of a protein-free diet, hydrocortisone and insulin on the sedimentation of muscle ribosomes were found to be in accord with their net effects on muscle protein synthesis.


Gas-liquid chromatography of trifluoroacetylated amino acid methyl esters.


A pH-dependent conformational change in porcine elastase.


The quantification of the effect of increasing levels of various fats on body weight gain, efficiency of food conversion and food intake of growing chicks.


The reaction of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine with deoxyribonucleic acid.


Dimetridazole. VI. Turkey growth studies.


Studies on genetic resistance to Marek's disease in the domestic chicken.


A chick growth test for the evaluation of protein quality in cereal-based diets. I. Development of the method.


A chick growth test for the evaluation of protein quality in cereal-based diets. 2. Comparison of the total protein efficiency method with the gross protein value method.


The effect of breed of chickens on resistance to Eimeria infections.


Effect of rate of stimulation on hatching time in Japanese quail.


A comparative study of energy utilisation by the laying hen from diets containing a high proportion of fat and diets made up mainly from carbohydrate sources.


Comparisons of heat loss from young cockerels by direct measurement and by indirect assessment involving body analysis.


Does that disposable really save money?

Does that disposable really save money?


Sunnybrook Hospital's new information system.


Exercise of authority in the hospital.

Exercise of authority in the hospital.


The changing role of the board of trustees.


Architecture for the elderly.

Architecture for the elderly.


Plutonium-239 in liver, spleen and kidneys of the beagle.


Effect of neutron and gamma radiation on adrenaline and noradrenaline release in the human.


A new value for the long component of the effective half-retention time of 203Hg in the human.


Cross-placental transfer of selected actinides in the rat.


New developments in thermoluminescent dosimetry.


Whole-body counting of persons containing 90Sr and 226Ra: an interlaboratory comparison.


Energy dependence of LiF and CaF2 thermoluminescent dosimeters for high energy electrons.


Radionuclide fractionation in fallout particles from an air burst.


Graph of curies versus half-life for all radionuclides.


A scintillation dose-rate meter for the measurement of x- and gamma radiations.


Significance of symmetric fission in fallout studies from May 1966 Chinese nuclear explosion.


A set of equipment for the in-vivo measurement of radioactivity in man.


Uncomfortable room at the top.

Uncomfortable room at the top.


A practical hearing test for mute patients.


Students' diary of a state hospital.

Students' diary of a state hospital.


Adolescent patients live in foster homes.


Regulating operant-conditioning programs.


A community placement ward.

A community placement ward.


The gulf between planning and implementing mental health programs.


Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.

Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.


The Air Quality Act of 1967.

The Air Quality Act of 1967.


Acid potassium iodide method for determining atmospheric oxidants.


An emission sampling probe installed, operated, and retrieved from ground level.


Controlling metropolitan pollution through regional airsheds: administrative requirements and political problems.


Evaluating dust arresting equipment on large coal-fired steam generators.


Explorations of a theory of vocational choice. VI. A longitudinal study using a samp.e of typical college students.


Pathways of absorption of retinal and retinoic acid in the rat. The chemical and anatomical pathways of absorption of dietary retinal, retinoic acid, and retinol were examined in rats containing lymph, bile, and duodenal cannulae. The experiments were designed to maintain physiological conditions to the greatest possible extent. In each rat an uninterrupted flow of bile into the duodenum was maintained by connecting the duodenal cannula to the bile duct of a second rat. Labeled vitamin A compounds were introduced into the duodenum in very small amounts (7-14 micrograms) in the form of a bile-lipid mixture resembling normal intestinal contents. Under these conditions, most (70-80%) of the radioactivity recovered after the feeding of labeled retinol or retinal was found in the lymph, predominantly in saturated retinyl esters. In contrast, 92-95% of the radioactivity recovered after the feeding of labeled retinoic acid was found in the bile, and was contained in a mixture of polar metabolites, most of them more polar than free retinoic acid. Two-thirds of the small amount of radioactivity found in lymph after retinoic acid-(14)C feeding was in the form of free retinoic acid. The results indicate that under normal conditions the major pathway of retinal absorption involves its reduction to retinol, which is then esterified and transported via the lymphatics in a manner similar to that of dietary retinol. A small proportion of retinal is apparently normally oxidized, and is then transported via the portal vein and excreted in the bile in a manner similar to that of dietary retinoic acid. The relative importance, in quantitative terms, of these two pathways of retinal metabolism can vary, depending on the status of the animal.


New method for the reductive ozonolysis of double bonds in monoenoic fatty acid methyl esters. Unsaturated methyl esters were cleaved to aldehydes and aldehydo-esters by ozonolysis followed by reduction with dimethyl sulfide after conversion to hydroperoxides. Cleavage products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by temperature programmed gas-liquid chromatography.


Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra of delta-24- and C-24 saturated steroids. The infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of eight Delta(24)-steroids and nine C-24 saturated steroids were examined. NMR spectra allow unambiguous assignment of the biologically important Delta(24)-bond; introduction of a Delta(24)-bond causes the appearance of peaks at Delta 1.60 and 1.68 associated with the C-26, C-27 isopropylidene methyls, while C-24 saturated steroids of the cholestane series possess peaks at Delta 0.82 and 0.91 associated with the C-26, C-27 gem-dimethyls. IR spectra show a good correlation between the introduction of a Delta(24)-bond and a marked decrease in intensity of a band at 1365 cm(-1). NMR and IR spectra also allow an inference about the presence and location of nuclear double bonds in Ring B of cholesterol precursors.


Quantitative recovery of lecithins after argentation chromatography on thin layers. The lecithins of rat liver are resolved into three fractions by chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. Each of these fractions is placed in a small column containing a cation-exchange resin, and the lecithins are eluted free from silver nitrate. Recoveries average 96%.


Preparative isolation of monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diglycerides by thin-layer chromatography. Monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diglycerides were separated from leaf and Chlorella vulgaris lipid extracts by thin-layer chromatography with Silica Gel G as the stationary phase and acetone-acetic acid-water as the mobile phase. Phospholipids are completely removed and with two-dimensional development can themselves be fractionated.


Gangliosides in subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis: isolation and fatty acid composition of nine fractions. Gangliosides from brain of an 8 yr old boy with subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis have been studied in terms of pattern and structure. Thin-layer chromatography showed that both gray and white matter have a highly abnormal pattern, with elevation of the relative proportion of four gangliosides corresponding to minor species in normal brain. The total level of lipid-bound sialic acid, however, was not increased, which indicated a compensating loss of other gangliosides. Two of the proliferating species were monosialogangliosides (G(5) and G(6)) (Korey nomenclature), and two were disialo types (G(2A) and G(3A)). Studies of their carbohydrate structures are described. Nine ganglioside fractions were isolated by preparative TLC in combination with column chromatography, and the fatty acid compositions were determined. Seven contained stearate as the major component, while two (G(3A) and G(6)) had relatively large proportions of oleate and palmitate. Five of the fractions contained two fatty acids of long chain-length and unknown structure.


Control of lecithin biosynthesis in erythrocyte membranes. The detailed relationship between the relative composition of the potential precursor acids, the esterification rates of their CoA thiol ester derivatives, and the relative composition of the fatty acids in the product, lecithin, which was isolated from normal erythrocytes, suggests that in humans the stromal acyltransferases could be the significant enzymatic factor controlling the fatty acid composition at the 2-position of lecithin in erythrocytes.


Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide in the silylation of lipolysis products for gas-liquid chromatography. When bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide is used to silylate lipolysates for gas-liquid chromatography, the pyridine solution containing the sample and silylating agent can be injected directly onto the column. Conversion of free fatty acids to methyl esters before silylation is unnecessary, since silyl esters elute as sharp gas-liquid chromatographic peaks.


Metabolism of labeled dihydrosphingomyelin in vivo. Tritiated dihydrosphingomyelin was injected into rats, and after various time intervals the distribution of radioactivity in various organs and in the blood and urine was determined. The rate of catabolism of the administered dihydrosphingomyelin was relatively rapid, since about one-fifth of the tritium was recovered as body water after 6 hr. The liver appeared to be the principal site of metabolism of injected dihydrosphingomyelin, although other tissues were also labeled. The radioactive lipids were extracted from each organ and fractionated by chromatography. The tritium label was found in diminishing amounts in the sequence dihydrosphingomyelin, dihydroceramide, dihydrosphingosine, which suggests that the catabolism of dihydrosphingomyelin proceeds in that sequence. An extensive incorporation of label into lipids other than sphingolipids was also observed.


Experience with the surgical treatment of strokes.


Positional distribution of fatty acids in glycerophosphatides of bovine gray matter. Glycerophosphatides were isolated from ox brain gray matter by column chromatography. The fatty acid compositions of ethanolamine glycerophosphatides (EGP), serine glycerophosphatides (SGP), and choline glycerophosphatides (CGP) were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The positional distribution of fatty acids in these glycerophosphatides were determined by phospholipase A hydrolysis (Habu habu venom). C(20) and C(22) polyunsaturated acids were confined almost exclusively to the 2-position of these lipids, where they comprised the majority of 2-substituents in EGP and SGP (oleic acid predominated in this position in CGP). In the 1-position, palmitoyl was the major substituent in CGP, stearoyl in SGP, and stearoyl or the corresponding alk-1-enyl group in EGP.


Separation of triglycerides by gas-liquid chromatography. The parameters affecting the separation and quantification of triglycerides by gas-liquid chromatography have been investigated with the use of QF-1 and SE-30 as stationary phases and a flame ionization detector. The isothermal characteristics of a wide variety of triglycerides (carbon number 6 to 60) on both columns show that long retention volume is directly proportional to carbon number and inversely proportional to absolute temperature. Isothermal retention indices of some triglycerides are given, as are column efficiencies (in terms of theoretical plates and ability to separate closely related triglycerides). When various rates of programmed temperature rise are used, retention indices have been found to be less useful than absolute or relative elution temperatures. The elution temperatures of triglycerides of carbon number 6 to 54 have been determined relative to that of trilaurin. Under optimal separation conditions weight and molar correction factors can be obtained. Triolein and tristearin have been partially separated, as have certain triglycerides that have the same carbon number but widely different fatty acids. The natural triglycerides of human milk fat have been separated.


Lipids of mineralizing epiphyseal tissues in the bovine fetus. Because lipids had been consistently detected histologically at sites of new calcification, the lipids of epiphyseal cartilage and bone in various stages of mineralization were examined. Lipids were extracted before and after demineralization and analyzed. Lipid content increased during proliferation and calcification of epiphyseal cartilage. Much less was seen in the adjacent cancellous bone; this corroborates histochemical findings. Similar phospholipid compositions were seen in the total lipids of cartilage and bone. Neutral (dipolar) phospholipids accounted for nearly 90% of the total lipid P and were almost completely extracted before demineralization. Serine- and inositol-containing phospholipids and two other, unidentified, acidic lipids could not be effectively extracted from calcifying tissues until after demineralization. Since the extraction of the acidic lipids was closely related to the degree of mineralization, it is possible that they form part of a lipoprotein-mineral complex in the calcifying matrix. Lysophospholipids were detected in all extracts, but primarily in those made after decalcification. It is concluded that acidic lipids are mainly responsible for the sudanophilia detected histologically at sites of new calcification.


What does the state board of health do anyway?


Isolation from yeast of a metabolically active water-soluble form of ergosterol. A water-soluble complex containing ergosterol together with a component of yeast has been isolated. The complex can be isolated from commercial yeast extract to which ergosterol has been added or directly from whole yeast cells. The complexing component has the properties of a large polysaccharide and the binding between the sterol and the polysaccharide appears to be noncovalent. The complex is easily prepared and is stable in aqueous solution; ergosterol in this solution is metabolically available to yeast cells to which it is added.


Identification of the fecal metabolites of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone in the dog. 17alpha-Methyltestosterone-4-(14)C was fed to two dogs in an experiment to determine tissue localization and metabolic disposition of this hypocholesterolemic steroid. No accumulation of the drug was found in any tissue, although a small amount of radioactivity was detected in the liver and the ileal mucosa of one animal. Most of the administered radio-activity was excreted in urine and feces. The urinary metabolites consisted largely of highly polar compounds which appeared resistant to glucuronidase treatment or solvolysis procedures. Analysis of the fecal metabolites showed the presence of unchanged methyltestosterone, of four isomeric methylandrostanediols, and of labeled unidentified polar compounds. Of the four identified methylandrostane-diols, the predominating fecal diols were 17alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (45-62%) and 17alpha-methyl-5-androstane-3alpha,17-diol (12-28%); 17alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,-17-diol and the 5beta:3beta isomer were found in very small amounts only.


Study evaluates Blue Cross recertification experiment.


The role of the radiologist in evaluating abdominal tumors in children.


Hepatic triglyceride secretion in relation to lipogenesis and free fatty acid mobilization in fasted and glucose-refed rats. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly lowered by a single feeding of glucose to rats that had been fasted for 22 hr. Three feedings of glucose produced a similar effect. In the glucose-refed animals mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue was impaired more rapidly than hepatic lipogenesis was restored from its low fasting level. These effects of glucose were shown by both a 50% fall in plasma free fatty acid concentration and an 84% decrease in free fatty acid release by isolated epididymal fat pads within 30 min after a single refeeding of glucose. Hepatic lipogenesis from either acetate-1-(14)C or glucose-U-(14)C was not restored even after glucose had been fed three times at hourly intervals. Triton-induced hypertriglyceridemia was used to measure the hepatic triglyceride secretory rate; it was found that glucose refeeding decreased this rate in all but one of several experiments. This decreased secretion rate was sufficient to account for the nearly complete disappearance of triglyceride in very low density lipoproteins (d < 1.019) that occurred within 1 hr after a single glucose intubation.


Hypocholesterolemic activity of 17-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-androstane-3-beta, 17-beta-diol, a metabolite of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone. The hypocholesterolemic activities of 17alpha-methyltestosterone and its major identified fecal metabolite, 17alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstane-3,17-diol, were compared in dogs. The dose-response curves indicated that the two compounds had similar effects, although at doses below 1 mg/kg per day the diol appeared to be more active than the parent compound.


Adult congenital heart disease analysis of 206 patients.


Written consent--a trap for the unwary.

Written consent--a trap for the unwary.


Transfer of locally synthesized cholesterol from intestinal wall to intestinal lymph. The cholesterol-fed rat subjected to cannulation of the intestinal lymph duct and injected with acetate-2-(14)C has been utilized for a study of the mechanism by which cholesterol synthesized in the intestinal wall gains access to the circulation. It has been concluded that locally synthesized cholesterol is excreted bidirectionally, approximately half going into the lymph and half into the lumen. Furthermore, under the conditions of these experiments, little of the luminal cholesterol appears to be reabsorbed, which suggests that direct transfer from wall to lymph is the principal route for the entry of this endogenously derived cholesterol pool into the lymph and ultimately into the blood stream. Finally, it has been demonstrated that bile is required for this transfer of cholesterol from wall to lymph as well as for the absorption of dietary cholesterol.


Insurance company's gentle persuasion has reduced utilization.


Lipogenesis in human adipose tissue.

Lipogenesis in human adipose tissue. The pathways and some critical enzymes involved in lipogenesis in adipose tissue from 82 patients have been studied. Of the glucose-(14)C metabolized to lipid by isolated adipose cells, approximately 0.6% was recovered in fatty acids and the rest in glyceride-glycerol. Palmitate-1-(14)C was readily incorporated into neutral lipid. Homogenates of human adipose tissue contained an active alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase which was approximately twice as active as malate dehydrogenase. Mitochondria of human adipose tissue contained an NAD-independent alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; the reaction product, di-hydroxyacetone phosphate, was recovered extramitochondrially. Homogenates of human adipose tissue also contained an active fatty acyl CoA synthetase which required ATP, CoA, and Mg(++) for maximal activity. The activity of acyl CoA synthetase varied greatly in a group of 40 patients. By contrast, the range of activity of malate dehydrogenase assayed in the same group of patients was much smaller. When palmitate or palmitoyl CoA was used as substrate, no difference was found in the rate of incorporation of alpha-glycerol-1,3-(14)C phosphate into neutral lipid. If time was allowed for activation of palmitate, the incorporation of alpha-glycerol-1,3-(14)C phosphate into lipid was 3.5 times greater than for unactivated palmitate. Palmitate (200 mM) stimulated lipogenesis in homogenates of human adipose tissue and then caused a severe inhibition at 700 mM. Arachidate over the same concentration range did not depress lipogenesis below initial values.


Antidote for O.R. chaos is a standards committee.


Facts, not whims, should determine product selection.


Only by reducing personnel can hospitals really cut costs.


Nurses must be teachers and must know these principles.


A.S.H.P. adapts drug data for computer processing.


This technic will help eliminate roaches.


How to ensure safety in electrically operated beds.


These people we're trying to help.

These people we're trying to help.


To lease or not to lease: that may be your question.


New Canadian law authorizes staff to intervene in care.


Internships lend reality to public relations training.


Paramedical crazy quilt needs more than just patching to mend staffing crisis.


Creativity plus organization equals good public relations.


Convenience foods--how to save money by paying more for food.


Mercy San Juan puts nursing station at each patient room.


Mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of thoracic disease. A scientific evaluation of a technique well tolerated by patients which merits more attention in the diagnosis of many thoracic diseases.


Utilization review is a great idea, but does it affect utilization?


Recurrent urinary tract infections. Suggestions for improving the present treatment of urinary tract infection with emphasis on study of the urine by cultural techniques.


Polyserositis. Long survival in this patient is attributed to the use of steroids and antibiotics.


Changes in disaster medicine. The role of the physician in combating the effects of natural and man-made disaster is clarified and brought up to date in this essay.


Transferin determination by Laurell electrophoresis in antibody containing agarose gel.


A new method for testing isometric muscle strength under standardized conditions.


Metabolism of 131-I-labelled albumin in patients with acute infectious liver diseases.


Albumin metabolism in normal pregnancy.

Albumin metabolism in normal pregnancy.


Simultaneous measurement of the calf blood flow by strain-gauge plethysmography and the calf muscle blood flow measured by 133Xenon clearance.


Blood viscosity and vascular flow rate. Blood-viscosity measured in a cone-plate viscometer and the flow rate in an isolated vascular bed.


The glomerular permeability determined by dextran clearance using Sephadex gel filtration.


Ultramicro cuvettes for the routine laboratory adaptation for the Gilford 300 spectrophotometer.


Highly purified antithrombin 3 with heparin cofactor activity prepared by disc electrophoresis.


Configurational analysis of rhynchophylline-type oxindole alkaloids. The absolute configuration of ciliaphylline, rhynchociline, specionoxeine, isospecionoxeine, rotundifoline and isorotundifoline.


Osmolality in the human kidney.

Osmolality in the human kidney.


Studies in peroxidase action. 18. The oxidation of 4-chloraniline--further studies.


Hypohalite-induced oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-amino acids.


The synthesis of oligoribonucleotides. IV. Preparation of dinucleoside phosphates from 2',5'-protected ribonucleoside derivatives.


The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Transformation of lycorine into hippeastrine.


Synthetic studies in steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids. 3. The synthesis and stereochemistry of isomeric 16-hydroxy- and 16-oxo-5,17(20)-pregnadien-3-beta-ols.


Synthetic studies in steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids. IV. Stereochemistry of Michael addition to 5,17(20)-pregnadien-3-beta-ol-16-ones.


Synthetic studies in steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids. VI. Synthesis of isonarthogenin.


Synthetic studies in steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids. V. Synthesis of kryptogenin, diosgenin and yamogenin.


Synthesis of grifolin, an antibiotic from a Basidiomycete.


Bacterial endocarditis, mitral regurgitation, and intra-atrial thrombosis following mitral valve replacement.


Arterial hypoxaemia: a side-effect of intravenous isoprenaline used after cardiac surgery.


Factors determining maximum inspiratory flow and maximum expiratory flow of the lung.


A comparison of maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow in health and in lung disease.


An investigation of pressure gradients in the isolated human lung.


Effect of l-norepinephrine on left ventricular diastolic pressures in man.


A comparison of responses to bronchodilator drugs in chronic bronchitis and chronic asthma.


Endobronchial teratoma associated with bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis.


Pneumomediastinography in carcinoma of the oesophagus.


Lung cancer in miners.

Lung cancer in miners.


A new operation of internal closure of the larynx for separation of the air and food passages.


Cell kinetics and tumour formation. Cell turnover in the lungs of mice with hereditary lung tumours.


Treatment of unclassified mycobacterial infection of the lungs.


Antrum and attic inspection mirror.

Antrum and attic inspection mirror.


A modified sleeve spreader for retinal detachment surgery.


T & A instruments for use in electrocoagulation technique.


A new vision screener.

A new vision screener.


Footswitch for the Dräger erysophake.

Footswitch for the Dräger erysophake.


Tomography and the facial nerve.

Tomography and the facial nerve.


Hand applanation tonometer.

Hand applanation tonometer.


A scleral indentor.

A scleral indentor.


Orbital retractors.

Orbital retractors.


The stainless steel bobbin middle ear ventilation tube.


Hemorrhage in ocular surgery.

Hemorrhage in ocular surgery.


Retinal circulation in man during centrifugal acceleration.


Hemorrhage in otolaryngologic surgery.

Hemorrhage in otolaryngologic surgery.


Retinal circulation times: studies by means of fluorescein rapid sequence photography.


The role of anesthesia and adjunctive drugs.


The "pill" in otolaryngology.

The "pill" in otolaryngology.


Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: local flap technique after planned preoperative irradiation.


The larynx in the cri du chat (cat cry) syndrome.


Traumatic hemianopsia. (A clinicopathologic case report).


Regional venous drainage of the human heart.


This affluent age.

This affluent age.


Aberrant left pulmonary artery.

Aberrant left pulmonary artery.


Atrial septal defect in patients over 45 years of age. Merits of surgical versus medical therapy.


Circulatory haemodynamics after blood transfusion in chronic severe anaemia.


Tuberous sclerosis presenting as cardiac arrhythmia.


Rupture of the right ventricle in acute myocarditis.


Abnormal electrodiogram after adder bite.


Situs inversus with cor triloculare biatriatum and a single arterial trunk.


Electrocardiography misused.

Electrocardiography misused.


Causes of death in patients with complete heart block and aritificial pacemakers.


Electrocardiographic findings in patients with complete atrioventricular block.


Aetiology of bundle-branch block.

Aetiology of bundle-branch block.


Implantable demand pacemaker.

Implantable demand pacemaker.


Haemodynamic effects of isopropylnoradrenaline sulphate (isoprenaline) following aortic valve homograft replacement.


Haemodynamic effects of beta-adrenergic blockade.


Natural history of persistent ductus arteriosus.


Cardio-circulatory effects of beta-adrenergic blockade in organic heart disease. Comparison between propranolol and CIBA 39,089-Ba.


Haemodynamic effects of exercise in isolated pulmonary stenosis before and after surgery.


Quadricuspid pulmonary valve.

Quadricuspid pulmonary valve.


Left atrial function after electrical conversion to sinus rhythm.


Factors affecting cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias with special reference to quinidine.


Long-term results of DC reversion of atrial fibrillation.


Early diagnosis of large bowel cancer.

Early diagnosis of large bowel cancer.


Right atrial electrocardiogram in the analysis of arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction.


Oral contraceptives and alopecia.

Oral contraceptives and alopecia.


Cyclamates.

Cyclamates.


Congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension and a reversed shunt.


Hypermobile joints.

Hypermobile joints.


Method for estimating objectively the comparative merits of biological tests of lead exposure.


Translocation of Lippes loop (the missing loop).


Asbestos bodies in routine necropsies on Tyneside: a pathological and social study.


Plasma ionized calcium in hypomagnesaemia.


Toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by skin hypersensitivity to monosulfiram.


Perforated peptic ulcer.

Perforated peptic ulcer.


Cholestyramine and hypercholesterolaemia.


Visiting--falling work-load in general practice.


Abdominal robot retractor.

Abdominal robot retractor.


Constrictive pericarditis.

Constrictive pericarditis.


Coal gas and the brain.

Coal gas and the brain.


Acute abdomen.

Acute abdomen.


Measles immunization.

Measles immunization.


Exercise after infarction.

Exercise after infarction.


Chlorpromazine in dystonic reactions.

Chlorpromazine in dystonic reactions.


Unusual case of anaemia.

Unusual case of anaemia.


Unusual complication of oesophageal reflux.


The neurophysiology of affective disorders.


Improvement without treatment.

Improvement without treatment.


The obtrusion of statistical arithmetic.


Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.


Biochemical correlates of behavior (a digest of selected studies).


What is and what is not psychotherapy?

What is and what is not psychotherapy?


The psychiatrist and MAO inhibitors.

The psychiatrist and MAO inhibitors.


Carbamazepine: behavioral, anticonvulsant and EEG effects in chronically-hospitalized epileptics.


Pathologic anatomy of palatal myoclonus.


A study of dropouts in an in-patient alcoholism treatment program.


A convenient preparation of some alkyl carbazates, useful intermediates for amino-protection.


Histochemical detection of the position of metal microelectrode.


Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and sleep.

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and sleep.


Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid on hypercholesterolemic liver.


Reduction of cytochrome c by the mitochondrial respiratory chain across a semi-permeable membrane.


Metabolite status of the heart in acute insufficiency due to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.


Reaction of lysozyme with dithiothreitol and other mercaptans.


The 6-hydroxylation of tryptamines by microsomal preparations from human liver tissue obtained at routine autopsy.


Preparation of specific antisera against chicken lens protein components.


Enzymatic 5-hydroxylation of 3-methoxytyramine.