Immune lysis of normal human and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) red blood cells. 3. The membrane defects caused by complement lysis. 1. The defects produced on the membrane of the human red blood cell by the action of complement and antibody have been studied by the use of the electron microscope. These are round to slightly ovoid holes and are surrounded by an irregular ring, about 20 A thick. The mean diameter of the holes is about 103 A if human complement is used (regardless of the antibody used for sensitization) and about 88 A if guinea pig complement is used. 2. The holes in normal and PNH red cells appear to be identical, under the same conditions. The membrane defects produced by lysis of PNH cells with acidified normal serum (the Ham's test) are identical to those produced by complement lysis with specific antibody, indicating that complement is undoubtedly the cause of such lysis. 3. Evidence is presented that when human complement acts on human red cells sensitized with anti-I antibody, each complete activation of complement leads to the production of a cluster of holes. This contrasts to the action of guinea pig complement, on sheep cells, each activation of which leads to a single hole. 4. The maximum number of anti-I antibody molecules which can attach to a human red cell (i.e. the minimum number of antigen sites) is about 500,000 for both normal and PNH cells. 5. The number of holes produced during lysis of the PNH cell is the same as that of the normal cell. When all cells are lysed by am excess of C', a mean of about 90,000 holes are present on each membrane. When complement is limited, a larger proportion of PNH cells are lysed due to their peculiar sensitivity to C' but the number of holes on each lysed cell is the same as for normal cells lysed by the same concentration of C'.


Fasting and postprandial serum triglyceride levels in health and in ischemic heart disease.


The retardation by pectin of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in the fowl.


The effect of a heparin antagonist on fasting serum triglycerides in man.


The effect of cholesterol feeding and estrogen administration on thyroid and adrenal gland function in rabbits.


The interrelationship of blood lipids and estrogens. 2. A preliminary study in normal humans and patients with coronary artery disease.


Species difference in hypercholesterolemia induced by a surface-active agent (Triton WR 1339).


Note on a chronic intractable ulcer of the scalp apparently caused by a capsulated slime producing and red pigment producing Staphylococcus.


Measles vaccination. Report of a large scale trial of further attenuated measles vaccine in Nigeria.


Ampicillin in the treatment of a chronic faecal excretor of S. typhosa.


Principles of cancer chemotherapy.

Principles of cancer chemotherapy.


Hormonal therapy of cancer.

Hormonal therapy of cancer.


Chemotherapy of solid tumors.

Chemotherapy of solid tumors.


Allergic and toxic mechanisms in occupational lung diseases.


Hyposensitization therapy in respiratory allergy.


Treatment of bronchial asthma.

Treatment of bronchial asthma.


Treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis.


Nasal surgery in the treatment of respiratory allergy.


Psychiatric approach to the treatment of bronchial asthma.


Rehabilitation of the chronic asthmatic.


Residential centers in the management of asthmatic children.


A basic program for referral services.

A basic program for referral services.


The copepod fauna of the inshore plankton of Dalkey, Co. Dublin.


Glaucoma control in industry.

Glaucoma control in industry.


Glaucoma screening in a general hospital.


Testing your child's eyesight.

Testing your child's eyesight.


Measurement of visual acuity of preschool children by their parents.


Many spectacle frames are flammable.

Many spectacle frames are flammable.


More notes on rubella.

More notes on rubella.


Certified lamps for study.

Certified lamps for study.


Colostomies and their complications.

Colostomies and their complications.


The effect of subsequent pregnancy on patients with thyroid carcinoma.


The role of the common bile duct in biliary dynamics.


Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.


Serosal patch pyloroplasty.

Serosal patch pyloroplasty.


Tricuspid replacement for acquired valve disease.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.


Factors influencing short and long term survival of breast cancer patients.


Automatic thoracentesis.

Automatic thoracentesis.


Treatment of arteriovenous malformations of brain.


Ordinary varicose veins as an expression of congenital hemangioma.


Ulceration of interposed ileal segments after various degrees of vagotomy.


Temporary caval occlusion during venous thrombectomy.


Rupture of the gravid uterus.

Rupture of the gravid uterus.


Ligation of the left pulmonary artery in pneumonectomy.


Technique for regional heparinization during vascular surgery.


Radioisotope renography and radioscintillation scanning in the diagnosis of homograft rejection.


Intermediate rate freezing of human red cells.


Microscopic observation of the freezing and thawing of suspensions of erythrocytes.


New drugs: the AMA and the FDA.

New drugs: the AMA and the FDA.


Children's asthmatic rehabilitation program.


Studies on the atmospheric fungal floral in Cairo.


Azathioprine (imuran) in chronic asthma.


The correlation between ABO blood groups and allergic disorders.


Pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of allergic disease.


Acute nephritis and pulmonary disease.

Acute nephritis and pulmonary disease.


What is adequate pulmonary function testing in bronchial asthma?


The effect of changing residence on pollinosis.


Chlorphentermine and food controlled behavior in the rat.


Prolonged local and systemic hemodynamic effects of hyperosmotic solutions.


Intra-arterial blood pressure recording in the unrestrained chick during wakefulness and sleep.


Effects of psychotropic drugs on pressor responses to central and peripheral stimulation in cat.


Cholinergic transmission in the cat medulla oblongata in the initiation of vagal bradycardia.


The anti-5-hydroxytryptophan diarrhoeal action of methylphenidate (Ritalin).


The analgesic activity of phyenylpiperzylcycloalkanones.


Some direct and indirect sympathomimetic actions of metaraminol.


Pharmacological effects on pancreatic blood flow.


Comparison of the action of isoproterenol and several related compounds on blood pressure, heart and bronchioles.


Auditory sensitivity in the infant: effect of intensity on cardiac and motor responsivity.


Verbal-discrimination performance as a function of instructions and verbal-reinforcement combination in normal and retarded children.


Effects of verbal and perceptual training on water level representation.


Spontaneous verbal rehearsal in a memory task as a function of age.


Category usage by normal and mentally retarded boys.


Patterns of fixation in the young infant.


Kinds of questions and types of conservation tasks as related to children's conservation responses.


Stability and interrelations of thematic test imagery over 20 years.


Children's concepts of sexuality and birth.


Aural paired associates learning in grade-school children.


An application of reinforcement principles to development of motor skills of a young child.


The role of anxiety and cognitive factors in children's play behavior.


The effects of instructional set and delay of reward on children's learning in a simultaneous discrimination task.


Stereotyping of names and popularity in grade-school children.


Color-form preference, discriminative accuracy and learning of deaf and hearing children.


The effects of anxiety on connotative meaning.


Roentgen diagnosis of rupture of anterior cruciate ligament.


Pyelovenous backflow and hematuria.

Pyelovenous backflow and hematuria.


Normal variations in anatomy, condylar movements, and arthrosis frequency of the temporomandibular joints.


Roentgenologic examination of the acetabular part of os coxae.


Arteria magna et dolicho of Leriche.

Arteria magna et dolicho of Leriche.


Angiography in tumours of the stomach.

Angiography in tumours of the stomach.


Possibilities of angiography during temporary occlusion of the aorta in man.


Retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis.


Rectal parietography in ulcerative colitis.


Cineroentgenography with extremely short pulses.


The chemical synthesis of human and sheep insulin.


X-ray crystallographic studies on zinc insulin crystals.


Gluconeogenesis in the perfused liver. The effects of fasting, alloxan diabetes, glucagon, epinephrine, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and insulin.


Possible mechanisms of insulin action on membrane potential and ion fluxes.


The catalytic nature of insulin.

The catalytic nature of insulin.


Effect of insulin and diabetes on protein synthesis by ribosomes from heart muscle. Significance for theories of the hormone's mechanism of action.


Acoustically silent stenosis of branch of pulmonary artery. A hemodynamic explanation.


Congenital beta-lipoprotein deficiency.

Congenital beta-lipoprotein deficiency.


Association of cold-precipitability with beta-lipoprotein and cryoglobulin.


Clinical and immunologic features of dysgammaglobulinemia type I. Report of a case diagnosed in the first year of life.


Unilateral glomerulonephritis. Virtual absence of nephritis in a kidney with partial occlusion of the main renal artery.


Effects of glycerol and sucrose on the contraction of glycerol-extracted muscle.


Effect of freezing red blood cells and hemolyzates at different temperatures. Electrophoretic and methemoglobin studies.


Electrophoretic studies of hemoglobin-methemoglobin mixtures.


Studies on the chymotryptic inhibitor from Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. Purification and properties.


Effects of ribonuclease and spermine on yeast cells.


Labeling of liver and serum cholesterol esters after the injection of cholesterol-4-C14 and cholesterol-4-C14 esters.


Polymerization of proteins induced by free-radical lipid peroxidation.


Report of a component(s) in blood that accelerates urea synthesis by surviving liver slices from rats when L-amino acids are the sources of urea nitrogen.


Some aspects of thymine biosynthesis in Ochromonas malhamensis.


Inhibition and transport kinetic studies involving L-leucine, L-valine, and their dipeptides in Leuconostoc mesenteroides.


Spectrophotometric study of the acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of 1-methyl-acetoxyquinolinium iodides.


N-terminal sequence of horse spleen apoferritin.


Studies on the proteins from skeletal muscle of the bullfrog Rana catesbiana.


Association of heart hexokinase with subcellular structure.


Saturated hydrocarbons in human femoral arterial tissues and plaques.


Solubilities of the derivatives of beta-lactoglobulins A and B produced by the action of carboxypeptidase A.


Radiation degradation of polyamino acids in the solid state.


Fungal degradation of the lignin and phenolic acids of the bark of Western pine.


Dimethyl sulfone: isolation from human urine.


Enzymic mechanism of starch synthesis in ripening rice grains. 3. Mechanism of the sucrose-starch conversion.


Relative reactivities of chemically modified turkey ovomucoids.


Soluble nucleotides of wheat and oat seedlings.


Microelectrophoretic and enzymic studies concerning the carbohydrate at the surface of rat erythrocytes.


Selective pancreatic angiography.

Selective pancreatic angiography.


Tumoural calcinosis.

Tumoural calcinosis.


Calcifying collagenolysis (tumoural calcinosis).


Pigment mosaics in irradiated human skin: a new test of cellular survival curve theory.


Radiation-induced protein loss into the gastrointestinal tract.


The effects of cyclotron neutrons on the intact mouse thymus under normal and hypoxic conditions.


Some factors affecting spatial uniformity of response in whole-body counters.


A clamp to facilitate lymphangiography.

A clamp to facilitate lymphangiography.


Radiation beam alignment device for use with a hyperbaric oxygen chamber.


The medical practitioner, alcoholism and motivation. ADVERSE INFLUENCES ON MOTIVATION FOR RECOVERY FROM ALCOHOLISM MUST BE SEARCHED FOR IN THREE AREAS: society, the medical practitioner and the patient. Society is ambivalent because there is a vicarious release through identification with the cheerful "drunk" coupled with unconscious envy and resentment leading to punitive action. The current "alcohol culture" decrees that to drink is to be well, not to drink is to be ill. The medical profession attempts to suppress, deny, rationalize or reject the problem of alcoholism because it involves a change in attitude and recognition of limitations. The alcoholic patient has a notorious lack of motivation, but this must be recognized as a symptom of his disease, and with certain techniques this symptom is treatable. Furthermore, motivation fluctuates and many opportunities for treatment are available when the medical practitioner can detect that motivation is high. At times a coercive approach is required, at times a permissive one; and the optimal use of such approaches will increase the motivation to an effective level.


Infectious hepatitis in California; a community-wide epidemic. In an epidemic of infectious hepatitis in a rural California community during 1961, 514 cases were reported among 8,166 residents. A sample of the 396 cases reported up to 1 September was studied, and only about a third of these cases could be confirmed in retrospect. A community survey indicated that the attack rate for the first eight and a half months of 1961 was slightly over 3 per cent. Unusual epidemiologic features of what was thought to be a contact epidemic included a summer peak, a preponderance of young and middle-aged adults, a relative sparing of lower socioeconomic groups and mildness of the illness with jaundice appearing in a minority of cases. Secondary cases were rarely observed within the expected 10- to 50-day incubation period.


Growth hormone studies in growth retardation. Therapeutic response to administration of androgen. Growth hormone assays were performed before and after androgen administration in a 12-year-old boy with unexplained growth retardation. A subnormal growth hormone secretion in response to a standard hypoglycemic stimulus was demonstrated, and it was corrected by androgen pretreatment. After that, a normal serum growth hormone level and a temporary growth spurt were demonstrated.


Therapeutic utilization of the diurnal variation in pituitary-adrenocortical activity. The degree of pituitary-adrenocortical suppression resulting from exogenous corticosteroid is related to the time of day the steroid is administered. Morning administration has less effect and evening administration a greater effect than do divided doses given over the course of the day. Clinical studies have shown that in the great majority of patients with corticosteroid responsive diseases, an intermittent dosage schedule is at least as effective as is administration of an equal dose in a three or four times a day regimen. Other undesirable side effects of corticosteroid therapy may also be decreased by an intermittent schedule. It is suggested that the customary divided dosage schedule for corticosteroid administration be replaced with an intermittent regimen, the medication being given in the morning. This may be once a day, or, if therapeutic results are satisfactory, once every other day.


Cervico-vaginal smears. Cytologic examination. Discrepancies among classification systems of Papanicolaou smears and lack of communication between cytologist and clinician are not uncommon. An attempt should be made by the cytologist to estimate, on a percentage scale, the likelihood of any given smear indicating carcinoma. This enables a more realistic and systematic management of a patient whose smear is other than negative. Proper technique in obtaining the smear is essential to proper interpretation, and it must be stressed that a negative smear in a patient with a cervical lesion does not rule out carcinoma. Likewise, a negative smear cannot rule out carcinoma higher in the generative tract.


Autopsy in California.

Autopsy in California. From information complied from death certificates registered in 1952 and 1962 an examination was made of California's autopsy performance and the characteristics of deaths in which autopsy was done. The data indicated that California had an overall autopsy rate of 37 per cent of total deaths in 1962, probably higher than any other state. In the decade reviewed, there was a 62 per cent absolute increase in autopsies and a 7 per cent increase relative to total deaths. Substantial increases in the proportion of deaths in which autopsy was done were found for physician-certified deaths in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties and for coroner-certified deaths in nonmetropolitan counties. For all but two of forty-five selected natural causes of death there were increases in the proportion of deaths in which autopsy was done. Seventy per cent of deaths occurred in some type of facility. About one-half of all deaths occurred in general hospitals, and autopsy was done in 42 per cent of such cases. The dual factors of a high autopsy rate and overrepresentation of deaths brought to autopsy in white males, ages 35-64, support the validity of a reported decline in California's death rate for arteriosclerotic heart disease.


Hemorrhage during long-term anticoagulant drug therapy. V. Unusual bleeding episodes.


For affliction does not come from the dust.


Granuloma inguinale. Report of a case in California with notes on pathogenesis.


Myasthenia gravis with thymic tumor.

Myasthenia gravis with thymic tumor.


Continuing education in the community hospital.


Acute renal failure.

Acute renal failure. These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs. Martin J. Cline and Hibbard E. Williams, Assistant Professors of Medicine, under the direction of Dr. Lloyd H. Smith, Jr., Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine.


Infectious mononucleosis with central nervous system involvement.


Action of choline on frog sartorius muscle. 1. External and micro-electrode measurements were made of fibre membrane potentials taken at intervals along the length of frog sartorius muscle fibres before and after adding choline. In ;cold-treated' Rana pipiens which had been kept at 1-3 degrees C for at least 5 days, 10(-3) w/v choline caused a long-lasting depolarization of approximately 3 hr. Depolarization occurred first at the end-plate region and spread more slowly to the end-plate free region. The potential became equalized along the muscles during recovery.2. R. pipiens kept at room temperature showed a faster repolarization in the choline solution, within approximately 1 hr. R. temporaria showed a similar recovery time in muscles from ;cold-treated' animals. In R. temporaria kept at room temperature the duration was shorter, approximately 20-30 min. The apparently generalized depolarization of the muscle seen in ;cold-treated' R. pipiens appears to be due to the spreading effect of a long-maintained depolarization at the end-plates. A similar far-spread of depolarization was seen following crush of fibres.3. Length-constants of muscle fibres determined with pulses were found to be within the normal range in muscles from ;cold-treated' R. pipiens and slightly reduced after adding choline.


The effect of some anticholinesterases on the response of the taenia to sympathetic nerve stimulation. 1. A preparation of the taenia from the caecum of the guinea-pig has been used. Acetylcholine caused contraction and noradrenaline caused relaxation. When the perivascular nerves running to the taenia were stimulated, at low frequencies there was sometimes contraction and sometimes relaxation. At high frequencies there was always relaxation. In the presence of hyoscine there was relaxation at all frequencies, the relaxation increasing as the frequency rose up to 20/sec. The relaxation was not affected by the presence of hexamethonium, but was blocked by bretylium.2. When stimulation was applied in the presence of hyoscine, the addition of physostigmine, Mipafox or Dyflos increased the relaxation to stimulation of low frequency, the increase becoming smaller as the frequency rose. At high frequencies Mipafox decreased the relaxation.


Membrane capacity of the cardiac Purkinje fibre. 1. The basis for the relatively high membrane capacitance of the cardiac Purkinje fibre has been investigated.2. The capacitance measured by analysis of the cable response to a current step (square wave) was compared in the same fibres to the capacitance calculated from the foot of the propagated action potential. The square wave value for capacitance was 12.8 +/- 1.3 muF/cm(2) and that from the foot of the action potential, 2.4 +/- 0.5 muF/cm(2).3. The capacitative filling at the beginning of a voltage clamp in short Purkinje fibres was measured. The current-time course deviated from that predicted by a model membrane containing resistance and capacitance in parallel.4. The results obtained by both methods are consistent with two components to the membrane capacitance, with part in parallel with the membrane resistance (2.4 muF/cm(2)) and part (7 muF/cm(2)) in series with a resistor (300 Omega cm(2)).5. The value of the series resistor could be increased by decreasing the conductivity of the extracellular fluid.6. The possible anatomical basis for these findings is discussed.7. Implications of this model on the shape of the Purkinje fibre action potential and on the electrical triggering of contraction are considered.


Interaction experiments on the responses evoked in Purkinje cells by climbing fibres. 1. The uniquely powerful excitatory synaptic action of a single climbing fibre on a Purkinje cell in the cerebellum of the cat was tested during the intense and prolonged inhibitory action produced by the parallel fibre, basket and stellate cell system. There was depression of the later spike discharges, but the initial discharge was never suppressed.2. With intracellular recording the excitatory post-synaptic potential was depressed during the initial phase (about 10 msec) of the inhibitory action, but there was a later increase with a time course resembling the latter part of the inhibitory hyperpolarization. An explanation of these and other effects is given in terms of conventional ideas of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interaction.3. These observations on single Purkinje cells, particularly with intracellular recording, have helped in formulating a provisional explanation of the finding that during inhibition there is an increase in the negative field potential evoked by a climbing fibre volley.4. The excitatory action of a climbing fibre synapse is shown to be greatly depressed immediately after a preceding activation and recovery takes hundreds of milliseconds. By the collision technique it is shown that the same climbing fibre is activated by inferior olive and juxta-fastigial stimulation.5. With rapid repetitive activation there was initially a progressive decline in the effectiveness of each successive impulse, but a steady level was soon reached. On cessation of a tetanus of twenty or more impulses there was a delayed recovery of the depolarization, which suggests a continued action of the accumulated transmitter.6. With extracellular recording repetitive spike initiation continued with stimulation frequencies as high as 100/sec, but at still higher frequencies spikes were depressed by the intense synaptically evoked depolarization. On cessation of the stimulation after-discharge often developed as the depolarization declined. The prolonged after-discharges following severe tetani suggest that there is a very effective accumulation of the transmitter.


Mechanical transmission in a Pacinian corpuscle. An analysis and a theory. 1. An analysis is made of the transmission of mechanical forces through the Pacinian corpuscle. In particular, forces are analysed which produce pressure differences at the centre of the corpuscle and lead to excitation of the sensory nerve ending.2. The main structural elements in force transmission through the corpuscle are the lamellae, their interconnexions, and the interlamellar fluid. The two former provide the elastic elements and constraint for the fluid; and the latter, the viscous elements. The mechanical equivalent incorporating these elements is a system of dashpots (the lamellar surfaces and the interlamellar fluid) and springs (the lamellae and their interconnexions); it is a mechanical filter which suppresses low frequencies. The dynamic and static patterns of lamella displacements in the equivalent are in close agreement with those observed in Pacinian corpuscles.3. Steady-state and transient pressure fields were determined for the equivalent. Under static compression, only elastic forces exist in the corpuscle. Analysis shows that such forces are transmitted poorly from periphery to centre through the lamellated structure. The compliance of the lamellar interconnexions is so high in relation to that of the lamellae themselves, that most of the pressure load is carried by the outer lamellae. As a result, only a small fraction of the steady-state pressure at the outer surface reaches the centre of the corpuscle where the sensory ending is located. This is the mechanical basis of receptor adaptation.4. Under dynamic compression, viscous forces develop in the corpuscle; and these account for most of the pressure at times too early for development of elastic deformations. Analysis shows that such forces are transmitted well. For example, if a typical corpuscle of 500mu diameter is compressed by 20mu linearly during 2 msec, the pressure differences near to the centre of the corpuscle are initially as high as at the periphery, and stay within the same order throughout the process of compression. In general, pressure at the centre increases steeply with velocity of compression. This explains the marked velocity dependence of the generator response of the sensory ending.If, in the foregoing example, the 20mu compression is held fixed after 2 msec, the pressure differences at the centre fall abruptly to near zero with the onset of the static phase. The duration of pressure transients at the centre approximates that of the ;active' phase of the generator current of the sensory ending derived from experiments, as expected in a causal relationship: pressure difference --> generator current. Taken together with the earlier experimental finding of marked prolongation of generator response in corpuscles partially stripped of lamellae (Loewenstein & Mendelson, 1965), this result warrants the conclusion that the mechanical filter action of the corpuscle is the rate-limiting factor in generator response adaptation.5. When the corpuscle is released from compression, energy stored in the elastic elements during compression is released and consumed in viscous flow. Thus, viscous pressure is produced anew. The magnitude of this pressure depends on the velocity of release. The pressure distribution is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to that in compression; i.e. during release, compression occurs once again, but this time at right angles to the direction of initial compression. Experiments show that the sensory ending does not discriminate such a rotation; the polarity and order of magnitude of the generator response to compression in one plane are the same as in another. Analysis shows that considerable pressure differences may be developed at the centre of the corpuscle during releases at physiological velocities. For instance, in a passive return from a compression of 20mu, the pressure difference at the centre (and the generator current) is of the same order of magnitude as that in a compression of the velocity in 4. This accounts for the ;off'-response of the sensory ending in purely mechanical terms.


Amovement receptor of the small intestine. 1. The characteristics of a mechanoreceptor of the small intestinal region of the cat were studied by recording potentials from single afferent fibres in filaments dissected from mesenteric nerves. Forty-six fibres were examined in detail. Each of these was excited by light mechanical stimulation of the mesentery or small bowel, but none responded to sinusoidal vibration at frequencies above 100/sec. A ;spontaneous' discharge was regularly observed and it appeared to be related to peristaltic intestinal activity. On the other hand, non-propulsive motor contractions of the intestinal musculature were poorly correlated with discharge frequency.2. The region of maximal sensitivity of each fibre was determined by light pressure applied with a fine probe. Under these conditions the receptive field always resolved itself into 1-5 sensitive points (smaller than 1 mm in diameter). Each such point lay upon or immediately adjacent to a branch of the mesenteric artery supplying the area. Commonly, one or more sensitive spots were located at the place where a mesenteric artery entered the intestinal musculature. Localized pressure to one sensitive spot evoked a low frequency discharge (under 30/sec) which adapted within several seconds. A movement of the mesentery or the intestine distorting the region near one of the sensitive points regularly evoked a near maximal response. The dynamic phase of distension of the intestine by an intraluminal ballon also evoked a response. During inflation or deflation of the intestinal balloon, the frequency of discharge was positively correlated with both the rate of inflation and the pressure reached at the end of the dynamic phase. There was little relation between static distension and the discharge frequency.3. The conduction velocity of each afferent fibre was determined by electrical stimulation of its mesenteric nerve. The majority of the fibres studied had conduction velocities between 5 and 10 m/sec, the range being 2-21 m/sec. These figures were taken to indicate that the fibres were myelinated and of small diameter. Histological determination of myelinated fibre diameter in the mesenteric nerves from which the recordings were taken suggested that the numerical factor relating fibre diameter in mu to conduction velocity in m/sec was under 6.4. It was concluded that these receptors signalled movement of the intestine, regardless of its origin.


The action of antidromic impulses on the cerebellar Purkinje cells. 1. Antidromic impulses have been set up in the axons of Purkinje cells of the cerebellar vermis by stimulation in the juxta-fastigial (J.F.) region. Most experiments were performed on the normal cat cerebellum, but in nine the cerebellum was chronically deafferented by bilateral pedunculotomy 9-23 days previously.2. Intra- and extracellular recording from Purkinje cells both showed a characteristic inflexion on the rising phase of the spike potential (the characteristic IS-SD inflexion) that presumably signals a delay in invasion between the axon and the large soma-dendritic expansion.3. Laminar field analysis of the antidromic spike potentials showed that the antidromic impulses invaded at least 200 mu of the main dendrites as well as the soma, there being then a steep decrement to the surface. At superficial levels there was even an inverse antidromic spike potential. There appeared to be a synchronous invasion of the soma-dendritic complex, perhaps due to trigger zones of low threshold on the dendrites.4. Antidromic soma-dendritic invasion was modified in the expected manner by a volley in the parallel fibres; there was inhibition of transmission into the soma and up the main dendrites (maximum effect at 200-300 mu depth) due to the inhibitory action of the basket and superficial stellate cells that are excited by the parallel fibres; there was facilitation of transmission in the dendrites at levels superficial to 200 mu due to the direct excitatory action of parallel fibres. Both the inhibitory and excitatory actions had a duration in excess of 100 msec.5. In the chronically deafferented cerebellum a second J.F. stimulation evoked a full size antidromic spike potential at an interval of 3 msec. There was a gradual decline in size down to intervals of about 2 msec, and at briefer intervals, to 1 msec, there was a small residual spike potential that possibly is due to transmission into the Purkinje cell axon collaterals at intervals too brief for soma-dendritic invasion. With repetitive stimulation there was a well maintained soma-dendritic invasion at a frequency as high as 300/sec.6. In the chronically deafferented cerebellum an antidromic volley in the Purkinje cell axons caused a brief inhibitory silence of rhythmically discharging Purkinje cells. It is suggested that this is a direct inhibitory action of the Purkinje axon collaterals, that parallels their direct inhibitory action that has been demonstrated by Ito and collaborators (1964) on the intracerebellar nuclei and Deiters nucleus.7. In the chronically deafferented cerebellum an antidromic volley in the Purkinje axons produced not only the large negative spike potential indicative of antidromic soma-dendritic invasion, but also a later small and slow positive wave that appeared to be closely linked with the negative spike. It is shown how this would arise by current flow into the dendrites that had been depolarized but not excited by the initial antidromic invasion.


Visual signal detection, as a function of age, input rate, and signal frequency.


The status of psychology in the universities of Austria and Germany: 1965-1966.


Comparison of the reflex responses elicited by stimulation of the separately perfused carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors in the dog. 1. In dogs under chloralose and urethane anaesthesia, the carotid and aortic bodies were isolated from the circulation and separately perfused with blood, the composition of which could be controlled at will. The remainder of the systemic circulation was perfused at constant blood flow, thereby enabling the reflex vascular responses to be determined. The systemic venous blood was oxygenated in the isolated perfused lungs of a second dog and the P(O2) and P(CO2) of the systemic arterial blood was maintained constant.2. Using hypoxic hypercapnic blood to stimulate the arterial chemoreceptors, carotid body excitation in spontaneously breathing animals caused an increase in respiratory minute volume approximately seven times larger than that evoked by stimulation of the aortic bodies. Whereas the hyperpnoea of carotid body origin is due to an increase in rate and depth of breathing, that from the aortic bodies is due predominantly to an increase in respiratory frequency.3. Stimulation of the carotid bodies in spontaneously breathing animals caused small variable changes in systemic vascular resistance, whereas stimulation of the aortic bodies invariably increased the vascular resistance.4. When pulmonary ventilation was maintained constant, the vascular response to stimulation of the carotid bodies was considerably modified in that constriction invariably occurred; that from the aortic bodies, however, was little affected. There was now no significant difference in the size of responses from the two groups of chemoreceptors. These constrictor responses represent the primary vascular effects.5. A similar modification of the carotid body vascular response occurred in the spontaneously breathing animal after denervation of the lungs, and is due to abolition of a lung-inflation vasodilator reflex.6. The size of the primary vasoconstrictor responses from the carotid and aortic bodies is reduced by lowering the arterial blood P(CO2).7. The results indicate that there is a fundamental difference in the functions of the carotid and aortic bodies. They exert a quantitatively similar primary control of the ;vasomotor centre' which is in striking contrast to the relatively more powerful influence on respiration by the carotid bodies. In the spontaneously breathing animal, however, the primary vasoconstrictor response from the carotid bodies is offset to a varying degree by the lung-inflation vasodilator reflex initiated by the concomitant hyperpnoea. This is not evident with the aortic bodies because of the relatively weaker respiratory response they evoke.


The presence of ergothioneine in the central nervous system and its probable identity with the cerebellar factor. 1. Ergothioneine has been detected and quantitatively estimated in the brains of mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats and sheep. It is present in the cerebellum in amounts ranging from about 3.0 mug/g in the cat to 10 mug/g in the guinea-pig. Amounts in the cerebral hemispheres are much smaller, ranging from < 0.1 mug/g in the cat to 1.6 mug/g in the guinea-pig.2. Large amounts of ergothioneine (about 30 mug/g) were found in the optic nerves of the rabbit. None was detected in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord of the same species.3. Ergothioneine has an excitatory action on the electrical activity of the cerebellum of the decerebrate rabbit and the excitatory actions of cerebellar extracts on this preparation are completely accounted for by their contained ergothioneine.4. It is concluded that the cerebellar factor of Crossland & Mitchell (1956) is identical with ergothioneine.


Subsumptive labeling as a variable in concept organization.


Eidetic imagery: a cross-cultural will-o'-the-wisp?


Conformity and resistance to compliance.


A modified WGTA for infants in their second year of life.


Changes in sensory phenomena and observer criteria at low rates of intermittent photic stimulation.


Spectrographic analysis of electroenephalograms under conditions of alertness and relaxation.


Some aspects of the interferon production in vivo.


Concern with status and inter-generation mobility.


Stimulatory and inhibitory effect of acetone on glycerol release from rat adipose tissue in vitro.


Similar factors occurring in the "ordinary" and the hyperacute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat and the dog.


Selective labeling and release of nonmast-cell histamine.


Noradrenaline and dopamine content of normal, decentralized and denervated pineal gland of the rat.


Central control of noradrenaline content in rat pineal and submaxillary glands.


Cerebral lysosomes. 3. Evidence for in vivo "labilization" by the convulsant DL-methionine-DL-sulfoximine.


Urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid during dreaming sleep in man.


Acetylcholine concentrations in brain areas of rats during three states of avoidance behavior: normal, depression, and excitation.


The effect of disulfiram on the biosynthesis of catecholamines during exposure of rats to cold.


Investigations on fumigants. I. The nature and properties of fumigants.


Turnover of radiocholate in the bile acid pool of the dog.


Chemical aspects of environmental health.


Air pollution control in Canada.

Air pollution control in Canada.


Attitudes of Bantu mine workers toward a communication medium.


Introversion and achievement motivation.


Orientation and job success of mental hospital patients.


Teachers' expectancies: determinants of pupils' IQ gains.


Test of the concept of "availability of functions" in problem solving.


Active vs passive interpolated activity in STM.


The clinical psychologist: a generalist with specialist training.


Effect of amobarbital administered at various stages of avoidance response acquisition.


Measurement and some correlates of need-cognition.


Delay of reinforcement: cue utilization and the frustration effect.


Latencies in single word and continuous association.


Gastric ulceration in differentially housed mice.


Psychologist, heal thyself.

Psychologist, heal thyself.


Psychological properties of groups and group learning.


NOSIE-30: a treatment-sensitive ward behavior scale.


Housing selection, need satisfaction and dropout from college.


Criteria and transfer of training.

Criteria and transfer of training.


A note on the stability of intuitive thinking.


Self-enacting response sequences and reinforcement: conjecture.


Psychedelic agents in creative problem-solving: a pilot study.


Relationship between interpersonal values and temperament traits.


Memory loss with age: retrieval or storage?


On the assessment of anxiety. II. By a self-report inventory.


Avoidance of inter-subject communication.


Effects of restricted rearing on Lashley stand performance.


Validation of an objective measure of achievement motivation.


Probability of endorsement of items in the Yatabe-Guilford personality inventory: replication.


On the assessment of anxiety. 3. By self-ratings.


Stability of schizophrenic affect and values.


Influence of age and incentive conditions on children's self-rewards.


Comparative reliability of the dogmatism scale with 2 and 6 scale points.


Verbal conditioning with verbal and monetary reinforcers.


Psychophysiological effects of a large non-experimental dose of LSD-25.


Logical relationships of questions to issues in verbal conditioning studies.


Judges' ratings, self-ratings and checklist report of affects.


The general factor in the test anxiety questionnaire.


An approach to rapid involvement of parents in child guidance therapy.


On the ambivalence of death: the case of the missing harlequin.


Birth order, sex, and achievement gain of institutionalized retardates.


Efficacy of sociometric ratings in predicting leadership success.


Obedience: submission to destructive orders as related to hostility.


The intraclass correlation coefficient as a measure of reliability.


Comments on the effect of amphetamine in avoidance conditioning.


Thematic productions of children in foster homes.


Comparison of training methods, type of problem, and apparatus in acquisition and extinction.


Anxiety as a correlate of personal problems.


Effects of approval motivation and varying conditions of verbal reinforcement on incidental memory for faces.


On predicting defection from psychotherapy.


Effect of chlorpromazine and pentobarbital upon shock- and fear-motivated behavior in mice.


Two failures to prevent avoidance decrement.


Attitudes of undergraduate women to smoking.


Dart throwing as a method of reducing extra-punitive aggression.


Psychotropic drug effects on self-stimulation of the brain: a control for motor output.


A classical conditioning procedure to control suppression of a rewarded response punished after delay.


Serum cholesterol and risk of mortality and morbidity. A 3-year follow-up of 6,886 men.


The autobiography of the future as a measure of Riesman's social types.


The effect of instructions on the reported duration of a spiral after-effect.


The professional fee concept.

The professional fee concept.


Drugs used in fertility control.

Drugs used in fertility control.


The challenge ahead.

The challenge ahead.


Observations on the fine structure of vacuolated preoptic cells in Rana esulenta.


Organic anions which induce fibrinolysis in vitro.


Penetration and expression of a hereditarily fixed thermal phenocopy as depending on sex in Drosophila melanogaster.


Genetical analysis of an experimentally caused and genetically fixed extra grossvein on the wing of Drosophila melanogaster.


Comparison of pulmonary function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatoid arthritis.


A morphologic study of airway disease using bronchial casts.


The accuracy of the roentgenologic diagnosis of chronic pulmonary emphysema.


A comparison of reactor rates to atypical mycobacterial antigens in Air Force recruits reacting to the tine test.


The stimulating effect of tuberculin skin tests on precipitin levels in cattle.


Classification and identification of mycobacteria. 3. Species within group 3.


Alveolar surfactant in chronic experimental atelectasis.


Excretion of hydroxyproline in patients with sarcoidosis.


Mycobacterial classification.

Mycobacterial classification.


Variability of mycobacteria.

Variability of mycobacteria.


The computerization of information pertinent to tuberculosis.


The effects of response code and signal probability in a numeral-naming task.


The semantic differential and other measures of reaction to visual complexity.


Monitoring eye movements under two conditions of presentation of paired-associate materials.


Amount of reward and relative frequency of amount of reward in paired-associate learning.


Pattern preference as a function of pattern uncertainty.


Successful performance by cats on several colour discrimination problems.


The measurement of autokinetic speed.

The measurement of autokinetic speed.


Habituation of the startle response and of heart rate in the rat.


Forward and backward masking: a comparison.


Identification of biconditional concepts: effects of number of relevant and irrelevant dimensions.


Taste detection in the rat.

Taste detection in the rat.


Immediate memory as a function of intraseries variation.


Memory storage and aging.

Memory storage and aging.


[Suicide attempts in children and adolescents].


The olfactory system: implications for the occupational therapist.


Art and group dynamics.

Art and group dynamics.


Whither occupational therapy.

Whither occupational therapy.


Evolution of a rehabilitation program in family living.


Occupational therapy in an ego-oriented milieu.


[The trigeminal artery syndrome].

[The trigeminal artery syndrome].


Degradation of allantoin by Pseudomonas acidovorans.


The extraction and purification of two isoenzymes of L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase.


Reactivation of reduced ribonuclease by rat-liver microsomes and cytochrome c.


5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase from bovine pituitary gland.


The multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in the small intestine of the young mouse.


ADP-D-glucose-alpha-i,4-glucan alpha-4-glucosyltransferase in spinach chloroplasts. Partial purification and some properties of the enzyme.


Human thrombin and fibrinogen. The kinetics of their interaction and the preparation of the enzyme.


Purification, properties, and specificity of hog thyroid proteinase.


Beta-galactosidase activity in human intestinal lactases.


Incorporation of atmospheric oxygen in nitriteformed during ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea.


Cation activation of glyoxalase I.

Cation activation of glyoxalase I.


Isolation of a low molecular weight sialidase (neuraminidase) from influenza virus.


Partial purification of a soluble UDPglucuronyltransferase from human intestine.


A coenzyme-A-SS-glutathione reductase activity fom rat liver.


The effects of some salts on the micelles in ultrasonically irradiated lecithin sols.


Reductive cyclization of alpha-tocopherylquinone.


Preliminary observations on the occurrence of cholesterol sulfate in man.


Studies on cardiolipin. 3. Structural identity of ox-heart cardiolipin and synthetic diphosphatidyl glycerol.


On the pathways of fatty acid incorporation into the lipids of subcellular particles of rat liver and into erythrocytes.


The uptake of cholesterol by L5178Y tissue-culture cells: studies with free cholesterol.


The effect of the injection of 2-O,C-methylene myoinositol into rats on inositol metabolism in brain and kidney slices.


Paths of palmitic acid incorporation into milk fat triglycerides.


Evaluation of synthesis of lipids by rabbit reticulocytes.


Cholesterol esterase activity of normal and atherosclerotic rabbit aorta.


Isolation of cholesterol-esterifying activity in rat serum by ultracentrifugal flotation.


Potassium-dependent lipomobilizing effect of adrenaline on incubated adipose tissue.


The fate of phytanic acid when administered to rats.


Dietary linoleic acid and the accumulation of homo-gamma-linolenic acid in the cholesterol esters of the adrenal gland of the rabbit.


The dispersion of some steroids in lecithin sols.


The influence of dietary fat on fatty acid biosynthesis in the rat.


Lipid metabolism and the laying hen. IV. The synthesis of triglycerides by slices of avian liver in vitro.


Comparison of acylcarnitines and pyruvate as substrates for rat-liver mitochondria.


Positional distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides of animal depot fats.


Metabolism of labeled lysolecithin, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine and lecithin in the rat.


The outflow tract of the left ventricle.


Double outlet right ventricle. A review of 16 cases with 10 necropsy specimens.


Dextrocardia and isolated laevocardia. II. Situs inversus and isolated dextrocardia.


An enzymatic electrocardiographic study on toxicity of dehydroemetine.


Haemodynamic and cine-angiocardiographic findings after one-stage repair of Fallot's tetralogy.


Prolapse of the mitral valve: clinical and cine-angiocardiographic findings.


A phonocardiographic study of patients with multiple Starr-Edwards prosthetic valves.


Selective cine-fluoroscopic studies of pulmonary circulatory disorders.


High frequency electrocardiography in ischaemic heart disease.


Paradoxical coronary embolism.

Paradoxical coronary embolism.


Comparison of cardiorespiratory responses to graded upright exercise of normal men aged 20-29 and 30-39.


A pericardiocentesis electrode needle.

A pericardiocentesis electrode needle.


Pulmonary atresia with bronchial arteries arising from the subclavian arteries.


Propranolol in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia.


Standardization of methods by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.


Development of official methods by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.


The growing need for standard methods in environmental health programs.


Policies and practices of the American Public Health Association regarding methods standardization.


The role of official state laboratories in the evaluation and utilization of standard methods.


Fatigue effects of lactic acid on gastrocnemius muscle of ratin relation to ascorbic acid.


Virus transmission by the water vehicle. 3. Removal of viruses by water treatment procedures.


Exogenous estrogens and alkaline phosphatase activity of chick oviduct.


Phosphorus contents of sewage-polluted waters.


Effect of feed and water, and different environmental conditions on the distribution of extracellular water in Tharparkar cattle.


Seasonal variations in total cholesterol content in different tissues of Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch.


Anti-implantation effect of some aromatic sulphur derivatives.


Radiomimetic and radiosensitizing effects of 5-bromouracil and 2-aminopurine in root meristems of barley and onion.


A note on the anticholesterol activity of safflower oil.


Effect of vitamin B12 and hydrolysed glucose cycloacetoacetate on serum protein patterns in experimental anaemia.


Effect of water deprivation on organ weights in the Indian Desert gerbil, Meriones hurrianae.


A comparison of reticulocyte pictures in rat in haemorrhage and radiophosphorus poisoning.


Studies on the mitotic cycle of two human tumour cell strains established in vitro.


Irradiation of female mice and its effect on ossification in newborn young.


Cell transformations during sponge morphogenesis.


Uptake of 32P in human carcinoma cervix in different grades of malignancy.


Effect of marsilin on the behavioural and other changes in the central nervous system induced by psychotropic drugs.


Fine structure of the medullary parenchymal cells of a trypanorhynch cestode, Lacistorhynchus tenuis (V. Beneden, 1858), with emphasis on specializations for glycogen metabolism.


Archigetes sieboldi (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) in North America.


Drepanidotaenia watsoni sp. n. (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae) from the wild turkey of Arkansas.


Studies on Echinostomatidae (Trematoda) in Malaya. XI. The life history of Echinostoma hystricosum sp. n.


Studies on Echinostomatidae (Trematoda) in Malaya. XII. Antagonism between two species of echinostome trematodes in the same lymnaeid snail.


Changes in the trematode fauna of clams in the Little Brazos River, Texas.


Three new species of Pseudomurraytrema (Trematoda: Monogenea) from gills of catostomid fishes.


Fine structure of photoreceptors in three types of ocellate cercariae.


Transplantation of larval Schistosoma mansoni from infected to uninfected snails.


Effects of temperature on sporogonic development of Plasmodium berghei.


Dipetalonema fausti sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae), a filarial parasite of the scaly anteater, Manis pentadactyla L. (Pholidota), from China.


Observations on nematodes of herons in North America including three new species and new host and state records.


Comparison of the immunogenic efficiencies of normal and x-irradiated Ancylostoma caninum larvae in dogs.


Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. (Alloceraea) vietnamensis sp. n., the first structurally primitive haemaphysalid recorded from Southern Asia.


Biology of the Malaysian strain of Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani and Gomes, 1941. 1. Description of the stages in the vertebrate host.


Epidemiology of Plasmodium hexamerium Huff, 1935, in meadowlarks and starlings of the Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, Kansas.


Anthelmintic activity of 3-methyl-5-[(p-nitrophenyl)azo]rhodanine.


Fine structure of first-generation merozoites of Eimeria bovis.


The occurrence of Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera: Oestridae) in the bighorn sheep from Wyoming and Montana.


A trypanosoma lewisi-like organism from the rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus, in Virginia.


Placenta accreta: the adherent or invasive placenta.


Allergy at the crossroads: quo vadimus. Where are we going?


Prenatal and neonatal aspects of prophylaxis of allergic disease in children.


The changing pattern of rheumatic fever in childhood. The manifestations of acute rheumatic fever were compared in 231 children admitted to hospital from 1937 to 1940 with those in 252 children admitted from 1957 to 1960. Of the 178 in the early group seen during an initial attack, 82 had cardiac involvement; of these, 12 died early. Of the 218 patients in the later group with an initial attack, 96 had cardiac involvement; of these, two died early. Despite this decrease in early mortality, the incidence of isolated mitral value involvement (73% in the early group and 62% in the later group) and the incidence of congestive failure (20% and 13%) were similar. This reduction in the number of early deaths may be due to lowered virulence of the streptococcus, improved socioeconomic conditions, or therapy with penicillin and corticosteroids. The incidence of chorea and the frequency of recurrences were also less in the later group.


Primary carcinoma of the ovary: a review of 150 cases, with an appraisal of the fallopian tube as a pathway of spread. One hundred and fifty cases of primary ovarian carcinoma were reviewed to assess the relationship between survival and secondary involvement of the fallopian tube. Five-year crude survival rates were calculated according to stage of disease, histological type and method of treatment.Frequency of involvement of the tube in 30 cases so examined increased with anatomical extension of disease, but this route of spread was not considered significant. Invasion occurred chiefly in serous or peritubular lymph spaces. Intraluminal emboli of tumour cells were found in only three specimens, while submucosal spread was seen once. Invasion of the tubular musculature was never demonstrated. Endometrial deposits were rare. Postoperative radiation therapy after simple surgical procedures not only gave survival rates comparable to those obtained after radical surgery alone, but also controlled metastatic disease for at least three years and increased the five-year survival in Stage III disease.


A survey of reovirus antibodies in sera of urban children. The incidence of antibodies to reovirus types 1, 2 and 3 was estimated on sera from 512 children between the ages of 1 month and 10 years. Delineation of age groups at intervals of one year allowed the inclusion of 25 to 30 sera per group. The decline of maternal antibody to types 2 and 3 was demonstrated but the pattern of type 1 suggested an epidemic of infantile infection by that virus during the time the sera were collected. The initial gradual rise in incidence of antibodies changed to a more rapid rise during early school years which, however, settled to a more moderate increase as the children approached 10 years of age. At that time, the incidence of antibodies for all three types of reovirus was between 50 and 60%.


Psychological implications of cystic fibrosis. A psychological and psychiatric study of 11 children with cystic fibrosis revealed major psychological problems in all of them. Among the parents of the majority of these children, marked psychopathology and gross marital discord were noted. Popular literature concerning cystic fibrosis had a negative effect on the child's attitude toward the disease. Virtually all of these patients showed a preoccupation with death. In this study, the necessity of psychiatric consultation as an integral part of current intensive treatment programs in cystic fibrosis clinics was demonstrated.


Human locomotion.

Human locomotion. The development of bipedal plantigrade progression is a purely human, and apparently learned, accomplishment. Experimental findings confirm the hypothesis that the human body will integrate the motion of various segments of the body and control the activity of muscles to minimize energy expenditure.Movements which are integrated for this purpose include vertical displacement of the body, horizontal rotation of the pelvis, mediolateral pelvic tilt, flexion of the knee, plantar flexion of the ankle and foot, lateral displacement of the torso and rotation of the shoulder girdle.Raising and lowering the body results in gains and losses of potential energy, and acceleration and deceleration result in gains and losses of kinetic energy. The motions are so co-ordinated that a transfer of energy back and forth from kinetic to potential occurs during walking, which tends to minimize total energy expenditure as well as muscle work.


Senile cardiac amyloidosis: autopsy finding in a patient dying after implantation of a cardiac pacemaker.


Familial fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia: a new case in a known affected family.


Veterinary education of the future.

Veterinary education of the future.


Studies with static dialysis method on the release of drugs from nonionic surfactant solutions. II. Dialysis of benzocaine saturated in tween 80 solutions.


Comparative ultrastructure of the sinus node in man and dog.


Anatomic evidence for spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect.


The phenylalanine hydroxylase content of livers of various vertebrates.


Energetic aspects of the photosensitization of embryonic muscle by xanthene dyes.


Studies on the physiological variation between tropical and temperate zone fiddler crabs of the genus Uca--V. Effect of temperature on tissue respiration.


The characterization of radular muscle myoglobins from the gastropod mollusc Busycon canaliculatum L.


Digestive tract enzymes in the bivalves Lima hians Gmelin and Mya arenaria L.


The effect of L-glutamate, acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on the miniature end-plate potentials and contractures of the coxal muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana.


The ribonucleic acid metabolism during the one-cell stage of the sea urchin development.


The distribution of acetylcholine and cholinesterase in the nervous system and in innervated organs of Octopus dofleini.


Carotenoids in certain Diaptomidae (Crustacea).


Free amino acids in the caiman and rat.

Free amino acids in the caiman and rat.


Biochemical studies in a eunicid (Polychaete) of the littoral of São Paulo, Brazil.


The effect of intracellular current pulses on membrane potentials in the moth heart.


Effect of feeding 5 per cent L-phenylalanine to young chicks.


The effect of drugs on the snail pharangeal retractor muscle.


Salt and water balance in selected crabs of Madagascar.


Lymph protein patterns in the development of Locusta migratoria migratoroides.


Temperature acclimation of the ciliary activity in the gills of Anodonta.


Changes in plasma magnesium concentration during hibernation in the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Citellus lateralis).


Nematode biochemistry. VI. Conditions for axenic culture of Turbatrix aceti, Panagrellus redivivus, Rhabditis anomala and Caenorhabditis briggsae.


Neuropile potentials following wing sensory nerve stimulation in locusts.


A comparison of the aerobic and anaerobic incorporation of L-lysine-U-C-14 into protein of various tissues of the rat.


Cytochemical timing of ultrastructural events: formation of bacterial flagella studied by immunouranium technique.


Biosynthesis of benzylpenicillin. II. Effect of precursor amino acids on the biosynthesis of benzylpenicillin by the washed, resting cells of Penicillium chrysogenum.


A test of Underwood's theory of distributed practice.


Postnatal changes in free amino acid pool of rat brain.


Myelomatosis, a spectrum of disease: its clinical presentation, diagnosis and prognosis.


Recurrent cardiac failure associated with calcified aortic valve.


The positive Pap smear.

The positive Pap smear.


Psychiatry as a political science.

Psychiatry as a political science.


Action of a vasodilator on the circulation of the skull and brain.


Serotonin: does it play any role in portal hypertension in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis?


The influence of acquired resistance in the epidemiology of bilharziasis.


Lipid content of the intervertebral disc.


Some variables which influence the activated partial thromboplastin time assay.


Characteristics of a 17-ketosteroid reaction.


A rapid electrophoretic method for the determination of the isoenzymes of serum lactate dehydrogenase.


Detection of brominism by an automated chloride method.


Iatrogenics.

Iatrogenics.


The collateral anastomoses in cerebro-vascular occlusion.


Microcirculation of tumors. I. Anatomy, function, and necrosis.


Infusion urography.

Infusion urography.


Normal hydration urography.

Normal hydration urography.


Lymphangiographic patterns in filarial oedema of lower limbs.


Prediction of the dose of radioactive phosphorus in the treatment of polycythaemia vera.


Enterolithiasis complicating intestinal tuberculosis.


The radiological investigations of recurrent appendicitis.


Hypopituitary dwarfism following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.


Psychiatric aspects of causalgia, the phantom limb, and phantom pain.


The alpha blocking response in chronic alcoholics.


Paranoid conditions of late life treated with trifluoperazine.


Laboratory tests for following progress of schizophrenia.


Sex knowledge of the freshman medical student.


Diagnosis and treatment of depressive reactions.


Comparative effects on anxiety of the "minor tranquilizers" in "high" and "low" anxious student volunteers.


Control of agitation in institutionalized aged females.


Spastic paraplegia and diplegia. An evaluation of non-surgical and surgical factors influencing the prognosis for ambulation.


Release of the flexor-pronator origin for flexion deformities of the hand and wrist in spastic paralysis. A study of eighteen cases.


Fractures in patients with cerebral palsy.


Non-spinal pyogenic psoas abscess.

Non-spinal pyogenic psoas abscess.


Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis with neural involvement. A report of two cases.


Spondylolisthesis with hamstring spasticity. A case report.


Effect of fluoride on human osteoporotic bone mineral. A chemical and crystallographic study.


Invasion and resorption in enchondral ossification. An electron microscopic study.


Bioelectric potentials in bone.

Bioelectric potentials in bone.


Comminuted fractures of the distal end of the radius treated by skeletal transfixion in plaster cast. An end-result study of thirty-three cases.


Hereditary onycho-osteo-arthrodysplasia.


Epidermoid cyst of the distal phalanx occurring in an eight-year-old child. A case report.


A true prehallux. (The first to be described in the literature).


Neurilemoma in the foot. A case report.

Neurilemoma in the foot. A case report.


Polypropylene hinges for hand splints.

Polypropylene hinges for hand splints.


Input organization of two symmetrical giant cells in the snail brain. 1. The ventral surface of the snail brain contains two symmetrical giant cells which are readily identifiable in each preparation. These cells lie in the left and right metacerebrum, a cerebral integrative structure which makes afferent and efferent connexions with the periphery and with the infraoesophageal ganglia on each side by means of four ipsi- and four contralateral peripheral nerves and three ipsi- and three contralateral connectives.2. In order to examine the functional consequences of this anatomical symmetry single or double micro-electrodes, for intracellular recording and for direct stimulation, were placed in one or both of the ventral metacerebral giant cells.3. Responses from 6 ipsi- and 6 contralateral inputs were examined for orthodromic and antidromic components. The results of these experiments revealed that the output organization (the pathways of the three axonal branches of the giant cells) as well as the input organization were completely symmetrical in the two cells. The anatomical symmetry therefore seems to have been functionally preserved. Simultaneous recordings from both cells failed to reveal direct interconnexions, but did show that the cells do share in common the output of at least two interneurones.4. By recording from both cells it was also possible to demonstrate, for each of the symmetrical nerves and connectives, that laterality of an input was signalled by latency and by synaptic efficacy; the ipsilateral input produced EPSPs that were consistently more effective and of shorter latency than the contralateral ones.5. Pharmacological studies revealed that both cells fall into the category called D cells by Tauc & Gerschenfeld (1961); they responded with depolarization to iontophoretic injection of ACh and all excitatory synaptic inputs were blocked by d-tubocurarine.6. With none of the twelve afferent inputs was synaptic inhibition observed. The results support the notion that D cells do not receive inhibitory input.


Anomalous rectification in the metacerebral giant cells and its consequences for synaptic transmission. 1. In the central neurones that have so far been examined the passive electrical properties of the extrasynaptic membrane has been shown to be relatively constant in the subthreshold range. Consequently, excitatory synaptic potentials produced by chemical transmission tend to vary in amplitude with changes in membrane potential, decreasing with depolarization and increasing with hyperpolarization.2. In the two symmetrical giant cells of the ventral metacerebrum of the snail, the EPSPs failed to show the expected alterations in amplitude with changes in membrane potential. Near the resting level the EPSP increased slightly with membrane depolarization and decreased slightly with hyperpolarization.3. These paradoxical results were not attributable to a change in transmitter release since similar results were obtained when ACh, the putative transmitter, was released iontophoretically on to the cell membrane by means of an extracellular pipette.4. Measurement of the current-voltage relation of the extrasynaptic membrane revealed two types of rectifying conductance changes. The first, an increase in conductance with depolarization, was turned on at a depolarization of about 15 mV. Its conductance change was similar to the delayed rectification familiar from studies of peripheral nerve and muscle. The second occurred on either side of the resting level, from about 15 mV hyperpolarization to about 10 mV depolarization, and manifested itself as a decrease in conductance with depolarization and an increase with hyperpolarization. By analogy to a similar phenomenon known to occur in skeletal muscle this second rectification has been termed anomalous rectification.5. The average resistance at 25 mV hyperpolarization was 2.3 x 10(6) Omega, while at 10 mV depolarization it was 2.1 x 10(7) Omega, yielding an average rectification ratio of 10 for the anomalous conductance change.6. The anomalous rectifying conductance seems to account for the paradoxical behaviour of the EPSP and ACh response to changes in membrane potential. Moreover, the finding that the sharpest change in the anomalous rectification curve occurred on either side of the resting level suggests that this rectification is functionally important as a postsynaptic determinant of synaptic efficacy. Several additional lines of evidence in support of this suggestion have been obtained.


The effect of inhibitors on intestinal transfer of glucose and fluid. 1. The effect of various experimental conditions has been studied on the transfer of hexoses and fluid by everted sacs of rat small intestine.2. The existence of glucose-dependent and glucose-independent mechanisms has been confirmed; the energy for the former comes from the citric acid cycle, and for the latter from either the glycolytic or pentose cycle.3. The energy for glucose transfer against a concentration gradient can come from metabolism of glucose by some route other than the citric acid cycle, or it may come from the citric acid cycle.4. Two-stage transfer of glucose is discussed as a possible explanation of the results.


Micro-electrophoretic studies of neurones in the cat hippocampus. 1. Drugs have been applied micro-electrophoretically to units in the hippocampal cortex of the anaesthetized cat, and their effects on cell firing were recorded simultaneously.2. L-Glutamate rapidly and powerfully excited hippocampal units, an effect which was quickly reversed on stopping the expelling current. The local application of L-glutamate also excited a fast seizure discharge at 15-50/sec. Both these effects of L-glutamate were strongly depressed by fimbrial stimulation.3. gamma-Aminobutyric acid had a strong depressant action on all the units on which it was tested; the time course of this effect was rapid.4. ACh excited half the units to which it was applied. Characteristically this excitation developed slowly over many seconds and persisted after stopping the expelling current. Most cholinoceptive units were found to be concentrated in the superficial layer of the cortex corresponding to the hippocampal pyramidal cells and their main dendritic processes.5. Atropine selectively blocked the excitation of cholinoceptive units by ACh, but not the excitation by L-glutamate. No cholinoceptive units were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, though several were selectively blocked by dimethyl (+)-tubocurarine.6. The most usual effect seen with 5-HT was depression, though several units were found to be excited. Some of the units tested with 3-hydroxytyramine (dopamine) or noradrenaline were found to be depressed.


The relation between sarcomere length and active tension in isolated semitendinosus fibres of the frog. 1. The relation between sarcomere length and tetanic tension at various states of shortening was investigated in single frog semitendinosus fibres that were subjected to different degrees of prestretch (2.45-3.0 mu).2. The capacity to produce tension changed in a characteristic way during shortening, the tension output at each length being determined by the actual sarcomere spacing without reference to the striation spacing at the onset of contraction.3. The capacity to shorten against a given load was independent of the initial striation spacing, provided the load was not great enough to cause fatigue of the fibre.4. The findings strongly suggest that the functionally relevant structure of the contractile system of the intact muscle cell is always in the same state at a given sarcomere length independent of how the previous length change has been achieved, by passive extension at rest or by active shortening from a prestretched position. This probably means that contraction involves a structural change of the contractile system, which, at least in so far as it is of relevance to function, is a true reversal of the change produced by passive extension of the resting fibre. These aspects of the contractile behaviour of the intact muscle fibre are in full accord with the concepts of the sliding-filament hypothesis of muscular contraction.


A study of the inhibitory action of gamma-amino-butyric acid on neuromuscular transmission in the crayfish. 1. The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the neuromuscular junction of the crayfish (Cambarus clarkii) was investigated. The drug was applied iontophoretically to a junction and the potential changes were recorded intracellularly as well as extracellularly with micro-electrodes.2. The amplitude of the potential produced by iontophoretically applied L-glutamate was decreased by simultaneous application of GABA to the same junctional area. When the membrane potential was clamped at the resting level the clamping current for the L-glutamate injection was not changed by GABA application, indicating that there is no appreciable competition between L-glutamate and GABA for the glutamate-sensitive receptor.3. The excitatory nerve was stimulated repetitively and the excitatory junctional potentials (e.j.p.s) were recorded extracellularly with a micro-electrode placed on the surface of the muscle. The average size of the extracellular e.j.p.s was reduced by the application of GABA.4. The number of quanta released per impulse calculated from the extracellular e.j.p.s was decreased during the application of GABA, while the quantum size remained unchanged.5. The size of the excitatory presynaptic nerve spike was decreased by the application of GABA. However, no appreciable change was observed in the inhibitory nerve spike.6. These results indicate that in addition to its post-synaptic action GABA acts on the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal and reduces the release of the transmitter.


The separation of cone mechanisms in dark adaptation. 1. In dark adaptation the threshold is raised as though the bleaching of visual pigment generated an equivalent background. Now Stiles has shown that real coloured backgrounds act selectively upon the various colour mechanisms, so we ask: ;Do equivalent backgrounds from coloured bleachings also act selectively?'2. When dark adaptation was plotted using a blue test flash (Fig. 1b) following bleaching by orange light a kinked curve was obtained. The upper branch was shown to have the same dark adapted threshold as Stiles blue (pi(1)) mechanism and the lower branch as his green (pi(4)) mechanism. The pi(4) dark adaptation curve alone (unkinked) was obtained using a white instead of an orange bleach.3. Dark adaptation curves were obtained in which the test flash was presented upon various steady backgrounds. In conditions where only pi(4) was involved (Fig. 3) the experimental results fitted the curves calculated on the assumption that the equivalent background of bleaching simply adds to the real background in raising the threshold-a condition already established for rods.4. In conditions where pi(4) and pi(1) were both present (blue test, yellow-green background and white bleach) kinked dark adaptation curves were obtained (Fig. 2) where the upper branch (pi(4)) coincided with those of Fig. 3 and the lower were due to pi(1).5. The blue mechanism recovers in dark adaptation at about the same rate as red and green, or slightly slower.6. Dark adaptation curves with red (pi(5)) and green (pi(4)) limbs can be obtained after a deep red bleach (Fig. 4) using a red test flash and a green background. The red and the green limbs were also plotted alone in their entirety by slightly changing the conditions.7. We are led to the idea of three colour mechanisms that adapt as independently one of another after bleaching as they do with backgrounds.8. Though this simple independence accounts for the wide and conspicuous range of adaptive phenomena, we have encountered some special conditions (not here described) that seem to imply a measure of interaction between the different colour mechanisms.


The flicker fusion frequency of the blue-sensitive mechanism of colour vision. 1. The flicker fusion frequency for blue stimuli on zero background increases steadily with increasing luminance up to 50 c/s, but if a strong yellow background is added it increases steadily only to about 18 c/s, and then remains nearly independent of luminance over a range of a factor of 20.2. It is argued that the maximum flicker fusion frequency is about three times lower for the blue-sensitive mechanism of colour vision than for the red- or green-sensitive.


Electrical responses of smooth muscle to external stimulation in hypertonic solution. 1. The electrical responses of single smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli to external stimulation were studied in two times hypertonic solution and compared with the responses to intracellular stimulation.2. Exposure to Krebs solution made two times hypertonic by adding sucrose abolished the mechanical movement and stopped the spontaneous electrical activity. The electrical response to stimulation was essentially similar to that in physiological solution.3. When the tissue was placed between stimulating electrodes, the cells near the cathode were depolarized and produced spikes, while the cells near the anode were hyperpolarized and produced small spikes only with weak stimuli. The cells near the centre were not polarized but produced spikes with a frequency pattern similar to that near the cathode.4. When both stimulating electrodes were put close together at one end of the tissue, the intracellularly recorded extrapolar polarization changed its polarity at 1-2 mm distance from the stimulating electrode. When an insulating partition was placed between the stimulating and recording site, the reversed polarity was no longer observed and the electrotonic potential spread decayed roughly exponentially with distance from the stimulating electrode. The time course of the electrotonic potential was similar to that predicted from the cable equation applied to nerve. The space constant was 1.68 +/- 0.08 mm (S.E. of mean) and the time constant was 60-100 msec. The cable properties may be explained by assuming that many fibres, connected in series and in parallel, are aggregated as functional units.5. The strength-duration curve was a simple hyperbola and the chronaxie was about 20 msec. The relation between extracellularly applied current and intracellularly recorded potential showed that membrane resistance decreased with depolarization and slightly increased with hyperpolarization. The spike was propagated in both directions at the same speed as in physiological solution (7.3 +/- 0.7 cm/sec).6. Long anodal current often produced electrical activity of low amplitude which seemed to be due to the spike activity near the cathode, because the same frequency modulation was seen in both activities, and external hyperpolarization reduced the size of the propagated spike. Cessation of a strong and long anodal current was followed by slow depolarization, about 1 sec in duration and up to 10 mV in amplitude, which sometimes triggered a spike.7. The difference between responses to intracellular and to external stimulation may be explained by assuming that different parts of the cell membrane have different electrical properties. They may be: A, areas of close apposition between cells; B, areas capable of generating the slow component; C, an area capable of producing the spike, but less excitable.


Pulse rates in human volunteers during frustration and the observation of frustration.


The distribution of cholinesterases in the cat carotid body. 1. The distribution of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase in the carotid body of the cat has been examined histochemically. Studies were made on normal carotid bodies and on carotid bodies from cats in which certain nerves had been cut some time previously. The nerves sectioned were the sinus nerve, the post-ganglionic sympathetic branch of the superior cervical ganglion or the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk.2. It was confirmed that more butyrylcholinesterase than acetylcholinesterase is present. Both enzymes are found in three sites: (i) as strands, (ii) as plexuses, (iii) inside a few cells.3. The distribution is unaffected by cutting the sinus nerve or preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerves. Disorganization and depletion of the cholinesterases in the strands and plexuses occurs when the post-ganglionic branch of the superior cervical ganglion is cut. The cholinesterase in cells is unaffected.4. In carotid bodies in which vessels were filled with red blood cells or in which the vascular bed was injected with carmine-gelatine, it was seen that strands and plexuses are associated with blood vessels, and with blood vessels and cells respectively.5. It is suggested that a cholinergic pathway controlling carotid body blood vessels runs in the post-ganglionic cervical sympathetic.


Screening university students with the C.M.I.


Autonomic lability and neuroticism.

Autonomic lability and neuroticism.


A simplified method of inducing stomach ulcers.


Evaluating and photographing experimentally induced stomach ulcers.


Depression and anxiety ratings in relation to the excretion of urinary total 17-OHCS in depressive subjects.


The excretion of urinary 11-deoxy- and 11-oxy-17-hydroxy-corticosteroids in depressive patients during basal conditions and during the administration of methopyrapone.


Reaction times and somatic reactivity in depressed patients.


X-ray processing.

X-ray processing.


Some conditions associated with variations in circulating oestrogens--blood picture alterations.


Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament in the dog.


Parasitic copepods in the collections of the national museum of Ireland.


Individual and interindividual differences in binocular retinal rivalry in man.


Psychophysiology at an interface.

Psychophysiology at an interface.


Heart rate control under conditions of augmented sensory feedback.


The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on an aspect of color vision.


Galvanic skin response during avoidance learning.


Heart rate fluctuations and fixed foreperiod reaction time.


The evoked heart rate response during sleep.


The averaged evoked cortical response to complex visual stimuli.


An observational note on eye movement patterns during REM and non-REM sleep in subjects with congenital nystagmus.


Covert oral behavior and auditory hallucinations.


Orienting and adaptive cardiovascular responses to heat and cold.


Spontaneous electrodermal activity during waking and sleeping.


An instrument for recording and printing heart rate data.


A novel peak detector.

A novel peak detector.


A new reversible kinetic model for the calculation of rose bengal metabolism in man.


Determination of the clearance rate of labelled human albumin microagregates.


The function of recreation service in the rehabilitation process. A model for practice.


Vocational implications resulting from intellectual and behavioral changes associated with aphasia in adults.


Drinking water--a source of sodium. Results of a survey of Wisconsin communities.


Comparative effectiveness of the sulfonylureas.


Clinicopathologic conference sponsored by the Section on Pathology, State Medical Society of Wisconsin.


Use and abuse of thyroid hormones.

Use and abuse of thyroid hormones.


The PKU law.

The PKU law.


Origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta.


Postperfusion syndrome. A review and report of 21 cases.


Apex cardiography.

Apex cardiography.


Antianginal drugs. VI. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents.


Systemic scleroderma with complete heart block. Report of a case with comprehensive study of the conduction system.


On the role of hydralazine in renal hemodynamics and secretion of renin.


Some aspects of circulatory and respiratory functions in mammals.


Prolonged depressing effect of premature supraventricular beats. A mechanism causing transient ventricular standstill.


The prognosis of atrial fibrillation after mitral valvotomy.


Exercise escalator for electrocardiographic studies in patients with coronary heart disease.


Chronic pharmacologic treatment of experimental hypoxic pulmonary hypertension with observations on rate of change in pulmonary arterial pressure.


The selective uptake of Hg203-chlormerodrin in experimentally produced myocardial infarcts.


Experimental revascularization of the entire heart. Evaluation of epicardiectomy, omental graft, and/or implantation of the internal mammary artery in preventing myocardial necrosis and death of the animal.


The "late systolic heartbeat" of pericardial effusion.


Rapid colorimetric (tetrazolium salt) assay for lactate dehydrogenase. A clinical and laboratory evaluation.


Hydrogen ion buffers for biological research.


On the molecular weight of myosin. II.

On the molecular weight of myosin. II.


N-tetramethyl-rho-phenylenediamine as a catalyst of photophosphorylation.


Fluorescence of chlorophyll in photosynthetic systems. I. Analysis of "weak light effect" in isolated chloroplasts.


Two pigment proteins in spinach chloroplasts.


A model for the photosynthetic unit. Photochemical and spectral studies on pheophytin alpha adsorbed onto small particles.


Protein configuration changes in the photolysis of rhodopsin. I. The thermal decay of cattle lumirhodopsin in vitro.


Protein configuration changes in the photolysis of rhodopsin. II. The sequence of intermediates in thermal decay of cattle metarhodopsin in vitro.


Studies on transmural potentials in vitro in relation to intestinal absorption. I. Apparent Michaelis constants for Na+dependent sugar transport.


D-xylose active transport in the hamster small intestine.


Biochemical analysis of isolated bullfrog sarcolemma.


The ultrastructure of myofilaments. II. Further investigation of the thick filaments of crab muscles.


Effects of photodynamic degradation on the viscosity of deoxyribonucleic acid.


A retinene-tryptophan complex.

A retinene-tryptophan complex.


Electrical potentials of isolated fat cells.


On the biosynthesis of pseudouridine and of pseudouridylic acid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


Screening for disease in hospital and clinic populations.


Temporal--spatial distribution of childhood leukemia in New York State. Special reference to case clustering by year of birth.


The impulse cardiogram and the phonocardiogram.


An unusual case of mitral incompetence with marked difference of left and right ventricular ejection time.


Selective cine coronary arteriography. Correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients.


Physiological alterations in the pulmonary capillary bed at rest and during exercise. The effect of body position and trimethaphan camphorsulfonate.


Deformed nasal septa and relaxed selection.


Mobilizing social pressures toward small families.


A note on the genetics of "schizophrenia".


Extension of "Examination of Binaural Interaction".


A kinetic study of the hydrogen-bond dimerization of 2-pyridone.


Dipole moments of amine-iodine "complexes". A queston.


The iron(3)-catalyzed oxidation of cysteine by molecular oxygen in the aqueous phase. An example of a two-thirds-order reaction.


Photometric study of the prototropic constant of the anion of 2-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole.


Molecular asymmetry. VI. The resolution of ethyl rho-tolyl sulfoxide.


Conformational study of cyclohexanols in dimethyl sulfoxide.


Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal with late inguinal gland metastases: report of a case.


A study of isologous 1,2-dithiolane, 1,2-diselenolanoe, and 1-thia-2-selenolane derivatives.


The structure and total synthesis of cassaic acid.


Synthetic intermediates related to the diterpene alkaloids.


Alkaloid studies. LVI. The constitution of vallesiachotamine.


Studies on polynucleotides. LV. The use of mesitoyl chloride in the synthesis of internucleotide bonds.


Ferrichrome-A tetrahydrate. Determination of crystal and molecular structure.


A facile synthesis of beta-alkoxy mercaptane and beta-thioalkoxy mercaptans.


The reductive amination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A side reaction of the birch reduction.


Isolation of trans-delta-tetrahydrocannabinol from marijuana.


The crystal structures of compounds with antitumor activity. 2-keto-3-ethoxybutyraldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazone) and its cupric complex.


The Pangasinan Medical Society's medical assistance program.


Effects of acetylcholine on the incorporation of 32P into various phospholipids in sices of normal and denervated superior cervical ganglia of the cat.


Laboratory detection of arthropod-borne virus infection in the Philippines.


The relation between mechanical displacements applied to a cat's pad and the resultant impulse patterns. 1. A way of determining an approximation to the distribution of impulses resulting from certain mechanical stimuli to a cat's pad is described. In essence this consists of calculating the results from a model of the way in which the impulses are set up.2. The results of these calculations have been compared with results of experiments of a type different from those on which the calculations were based. Total numbers of impulses have been found by measuring mass action potential areas under appropriate conditions. The ranges of absolute numbers of impulses are similar for both calculated and direct results. The curves relating changes of number to changes of stimulus strength are similar in the two cases as are the effects of changing the position of the stimulus. Similar comparisons using two pulses at different times and distances apart have also been made. The over-all time distribution has been checked by reconstructing mass action potentials from the calculations and comparing these with those observed.3. The calculations were carried out with values which were chosen in advance and which were based on previous experimental evidence; the results were in reasonable agreement with the experimental checks. It is therefore concluded that the results are a sufficiently good approximation to the neural responses of cats' pads to this type of stimulation to justify applying them in answering the questions posed in the Introduction.


The inhibitory innervation of the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum. 1. The inhibitory innervation of the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum has been studied, after blocking the responses to stimulation of excitatory cholinergic nerves with atropine.2. Stimulation of the perivascular nerves supplying the taenia caused relaxations. These nerves had properties which were typical of sympathetic post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. The relaxations caused by stimulation were maximal at frequencies of stimulation above 30 pulses/sec and they were abolished by bretylium, guanethidine and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP).3. The taenia is also innervated by intramural inhibitory nerves with their cell bodies in Auerbach's plexus. These nerves can be excited by electrical stimulation of the taenia or by the application of ganglion-stimulating drugs.4. The intramural inhibitory nerves have different properties from sympathetic adrenergic nerves. Relaxations in response to stimulation were maximal with frequencies of stimulation of about 5 pulses/sec and they were not blocked by bretylium, guanethidine or DMPP.5. Preganglionic cholinergic fibres in the caecal wall make synaptic connexions with the intramural inhibitory neurones.6. The role of the intramural inhibitory neurones in intestinal activity and their possible connexions with the central nervous system have been discussed.


Transmission from intramural inhibitory nerves to the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. 1. Membrane potential changes of smooth muscle cells were recorded during stimulation of the intramural inhibitory nerves to the taenia coli.2. Stimulation across the taenia coli with single pulses of 200 musec duration excites the intramural nerves and not the muscle directly.3. The membrane potential changes due to stimulation of the intramural inhibitory nerves were different from those produced by perivascular inhibitory nerve stimulation in the following ways: hyperpolarizations (i.j.p.'s) of up to 25 mV were produced in response to single pulses; the latency, i.e. the time taken for the membrane to hyperpolarize after a stimulus of maximal strength, was as short as 80 msec; when the nerves were stimulated repetitively the membrane was hyperpolarized by up to 35 mV and all spontaneous activity was abolished; the mean hyperpolarization due to repetitive stimulation increased with the frequency of stimulation up to 10 pulses/sec and then remained constant; the hyperpolarization due to stimulation at frequencies greater than 5 pulses/sec was not maintained but decreased after 3-5 sec of stimulation; and finally when stimulation had ceased action potentials commenced firing at frequencies greater than normal.4. The amplitude and rate of hyperpolarization of the i.j.p. increased with increasing strength of stimulation until a maximum amplitude and rate of hyperpolarization was reached. The recovery or depolarizing phase of the i.j.p. was exponential with a time constant which varied from about 250 msec to 500 msec and could not therefore be due to the discharge of the membrane capacitance. In some cases there was an inflexion on this depolarizing phase and in these cases recovery led directly into an action potential.5. Spontaneous hyperpolarizations of the membrane were seen in some cells, and these hyperpolarizations were similar to those recorded on submaximal stimulation of the intramural nerves.6. There were no changes in the characteristics of the i.j.p. in the presence of guanethidine or bretylium.


Influence of temperature acclimatization on sodium--glucose interactions in the goldfish intestine. 1. Transmural potentials across goldfish intestines in vitro were found to depend on the acclimatization temperature of the fish. At any incubation temperature potentials were lower in fish kept previously at a high temperature, and if the transmural potentials were recorded at incubation temperatures equal to the previous acclimatization temperatures the values remained constant from 8 to 30 degrees C. The glucose-evoked potential was also reduced by previous acclimatization of the fish to a high temperature.2. As the sodium concentration was reduced the steady transmural potential increased and later fell in proportion to the low external sodium concentration, but the glucose-evoked potential fell as soon as the sodium concentration was reduced below 140 mM. Similar changes were seen with intestines taken from fish acclimatized to a high temperature but both the steady-state potential and the transitory glucose-evoked potential were more dependent on the external sodium concentration.3. The maximum glucose-evoked potential depended on the concentration of glucose used and temperature acclimatization had no significant effect on this relation. The steady potential was lower in the presence of glucose at low incubation temperatures but higher at higher incubation temperatures, and the temperature at which glucose ceased to inhibit depended on the previous acclimatization temperature. Glucose also lowered the steady potential, whatever the previous acclimatization temperature, when the external sodium concentration was low.4. The inhibitory effect of glucose on the steady potential of an intestine taken from a 30 degrees -acclimatized fish could be abolished by lowering the external concentration of glucose from 27 to 16 mM.5. Intestines taken from fish acclimatized to 3 degrees C gave variable results.6. It is concluded that sodium moves across the luminal membrane of the goldfish mucosa attached to a carrier which can exist in one of two forms. It is changes in this postulated carrier which serve to stabilize sodium transport at different acclimatization temperatures. Changes in the concentration of this postulated carrier may also occur and function in the regulation of sodium transport, particularly at acclimatization temperatures below 15 degrees C, where the switching of the carrier does not operate.


Streaming potentials in the rat small intestine. 1. The effect of adverse osmotic pressure gradients on fluid transfer and electrical potential across the wall of sacs of rat everted small intestine was investigated.2. Addition of mannitol to the mucosal fluid produced a potential change of 0.062 mV/m-osM and a decrease in fluid transfer of 0.015 ml./m-osM/hr. This is consistent with the production of streaming potentials due to fluid movement through negatively charged pores in the intestine.3. The solute-linked fluid movement does not pass through these negatively charged pores which are responsible for the streaming potentials.4. From the magnitude and polarity of the streaming potential a value of -50 mV has been calculated for the zeta potential at the phase boundary in the pores.5. Streaming potentials have been used to measure the equivalent pore radius, and a value of 4A has been obtained.6. It is concluded that electro-osmosis is not responsible for fluid transfer by the intestine, and the potential difference associated with hexose transfer is not electrokinetic in origin.


Delta-5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the steroid-hormone producing organs of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo).


Lattice structures and osmiophilic bodies in the developing respiratory tissue of rats.


Studies on the mechanism of nidation. XXII. Effect of hypophysectomy on induction of decidualization and on its regression.