All-or-none adsorption by living cells and model protein-water systems: discussion of the problem of "permease-induction" and determination of secondary and tertiary structures of proteins.


Introductory remarks: some usual, unusual properties of liquids in general and water in particular.


Effect of anesthetic agents on water structure.


Management of neurogenic bladder in paraplegic dogs by electrical stimulation of pelvic nerves.


Some further theoretical aspects of urethral resistance with particular reference to external meatal stenosis.


Renal clearance of d-tubocurarine-H3.

Renal clearance of d-tubocurarine-H3.


Movement of radioactive calcium from urine to rachitic rat cartilage.


Urinary lactic dehydrogenase activity in rats with dimethylnitrosamine induced renal tumors.


Some implications of psychotherapy research for therapeutic practice.


The failure of splenorenal venous shunt to influence experimental canine hypertension and the effect on juxtaglomerular granulation indices.


Volume changes by magnetic densitometry.


Prostaglandin inhibition of ureteral peristalsis.


Fear and autonomic arousal.

Fear and autonomic arousal.


Psychopathology and sociometric choice.

Psychopathology and sociometric choice.


Stability of self-concept in schizophrenia.


Effects of group psychotherapy with high accurate empathy and nonpossessive warmth upon female institutionalized delinquents.


Renal tumors induced by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine: morphologic, functional, enzymatic, and hormonal characterizations.


Eyelid conditioning and arousal in schizophrenic and normal subjects.


Suicide among patients with diagnoses of anxiety reaction or depressive reaction in general medical and surgical hospitals.


Individual differences in mental activity at sleep onset.


Persistence of the waterfall illusion aftereffect as a test of brain damage.


An action test of hypotheses concerning the anal personality.


Cortical inhibition, drive level, and conditioning.


Forms and transformations of narcissism.


Altered body-ego experiences. A contribution to the study of regression, perception, and early development.


On water binding.

On water binding.


Hydration structure of collagen and influence of salts.


Macromolecular hydration in solution.

Macromolecular hydration in solution.


Studies on lipid bilayer membranes: a model for the plasma membrane.


Some problems of solution in connection with the structure of collagen.


Problems of sublimation.

Problems of sublimation.


On skill and sublimation.

On skill and sublimation.


Chondroitin sulfate-protein of bovine cartilage.


On vengeance; the desire to "get even".

On vengeance; the desire to "get even".


Why some patients conduct actual investigations of their biographies.


Anabolic steroids in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.


Sickness among male sciatica patients.

Sickness among male sciatica patients.


Some aspects of sodium and potassium metabolism in infantile chronic malnutrition.


The electrocardiographic pattern of left ventricular underloading.


Detection of a metabolite with curare-like effect in urines from myasthenia gravis patients.


Psychosis precipitated by psychoanalysis.


Circumcision as defense. A study in psychoanalysis and religion.


Notes on 'A Child is Being Beaten'.

Notes on 'A Child is Being Beaten'.


Reactions to differences between prepubertal and adult testes and scrotums.


Extra-analytic contacts between the psychoanalyst and the patient.


General systems theory and psychoanalysis. I. Theoretical considerations.


General systems theory and psychoanalysis. II. Application to psychoanalytic case material (Little Hans).


Regression as a defense in chronic schizophrenia.


Dimensions of simulation.

Dimensions of simulation.


The implications of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 for psychological assessment in industry.


Mine eyes have seen a host of angels.

Mine eyes have seen a host of angels.


Thesis-antithesis: reflections on the education of researchers in psychology.


The professional model: Paradox in school psychology.


Simulation, shelters, and subjects.

Simulation, shelters, and subjects.


What models for the professions of psychology?


Correlates of psychologist population by states.


Fluorometric determination of indoxole [2,3-bis-(p-methoxyphenyl)-indole] in biological specimens.


Portal hypertension. Introduction.

Portal hypertension. Introduction.


Surgical treatment of portal hypertension--long-term results.


Surgical treatment of intractable cirrhotic ascites.


Portal hypertension in children.

Portal hypertension in children.


Selection of shunt procedures.

Selection of shunt procedures.


The anatomical basis of cervical spondylosis.


Management of ocular emergencies in general practice.


Haemoglobin J in a Bengalee family with evidence of interaction between haemoglobin J and thalassaemia.


Electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with cerebrovascular accidents.


Toxic epidermal necrolysis. A case report.


Bundle branch block.

Bundle branch block.


Management of intracranial aneurysms.

Management of intracranial aneurysms.


Ruptured abdominal aneurysm. Report of four cases.


Spontaneous rupture of the transverse colon in an adult with a pericolic abscess.


Hereditary spherocytosis.

Hereditary spherocytosis.


Human haemoglobins and their genetic interactions.


Symposium on practice improvement. I. The work of the Practice Improvement Committee.


Duodenum inversus.

Duodenum inversus.


Practice improvement. II. Improvements to veterinary premises.


Idiopathic hemorrhage from ovarian artery. Case report.


Practice improvement. V. Lighting.

Practice improvement. V. Lighting.


Practice improvement. IV. Some aspects of heating and vantilating.


Practice improvement. VII. The veterinary receptionist.


Practice improvement. 3. The design and economics of a veterinary hospital associated with a small kennel and cattery.


Cellular changes in the blood as an aid to diagnosis.


Practice improvement. 8. Equipment for veterinary premises.


Fractures of the talus.

Fractures of the talus.


Chondral and osteochondral fractures.

Chondral and osteochondral fractures.


Unusual aspects of pancreatoduodenal trauma.


Intracranial hemorrhage in burned patients, report of four cases.


Tetanus immunization.

Tetanus immunization.


Prophylaxis against tetanus in wound management.


The effect of hypothermia on tetanus.

The effect of hypothermia on tetanus.


Experimental clostridial wounds in rabbits. I. The effect of debridement delay, tetanus immunization, and topical antibiotics on the mortality from gas gangrene.


Present trends in amputation surgery.

Present trends in amputation surgery.


Artificial limbs.

Artificial limbs.


Physiotherapy and occupational therapy in the management of the upper-limb amputee.


Pre-prosthetic training for the lower-limb amputee.


Prosthetic management and walking training in the lower-limb amputee.


Teamwork in the management of dysmelic children.


The role of the occupational therapist in the training of the child arm amputee.


A kinetic model of biological radiation response.


Model of tracks of ionizing radiations for radical reaction mechanisms.


A simplified approach to diffusion-controlled radical reactions in the tracks of ionizing radiations.


The effects of 250-kv x-rays on the dog's pancreas: morphological and functional changes.


Mitochondria: increase in oxidative capacity and quantitative recovery after massive doses of ionizing radiation.


Frequency of live births among survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings.


The internal hydrogen ion concentration of Thiobacillus thio-oxidans and survival after irradiation.


Energy requirements and relative biological effectiveness for producing a cytogenetic phenomenon in maize by irradiating seeds with X-rays and monoenergetic neutrons.


Dry T-1 bacteriophage in measurement of large doses of ionizing radiation.


An exploratory investigation on the inhibition of selected photosensitizers by agents of varying antioxidant activity.


Effects of whole-body irradiation on the adrenal of the goldfish Carassius auratus L.


Protons and space travel--an introduction.


The kinetics of recuperation following 55-Mev proton irradiation.


The relative biological effectiveness of 138-Mev protons as compared to cobalt-60 gamma radiation.


The fine structure of the erythrocytic stages of three avian malarial parasites, Plasmodium fallax, P. lophurae, and P. cathemerium.


Active immunization against Plasmodium berghei malaria in mice.


Immuno-electron microscopic studies on toxoplasma gondii.


Schistosomiasis mansoni in the chimpanzee: parasitologic, clinical, serologic, pathologic and radiologic observations.


Laboratory findings in chronic clonorchiasis.


Age, sex, and house distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia in Ceylon.


The identity and source of a molluscicide-degrading bacterium.


Experimental infection of North American insectivorous bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with Histoplasma capsulatum.


Single-dose treatment for Ascaris infection with piperazine citrate; with a study of the egg-parasite ratio.


Immunological studies with group B arthropod-borne viruses. VI. Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses to 17D yellow fever vaccine in human subjects with different degrees of complexity of pre-vaccination group B virus experience.


Toxicity of various insecticides to Xenopsylla cheopis.


Repellent action of some chemical molluscicides on schistosome vector snails.


Studies of diarrheal disease in Central America. 8. Measles, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiency in rural Guatemala.


Studies on trachoma. V. Clinical observations in a field trial of bivalent trachoma vaccine at three dosage levels in Saudi Arabia.


Acrolein. II. Studies on the fluorescences produced by acrolein, spermine, and related compounds with resorcinol plus calf serum.


Thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus.


Further studies on high molecular weight liver glycogen.


Investigations on Turnip Yellow Mosaic. Virus interactions with aliphatic mercurials. II. Conformational changes in the protein.


Effect of leucine--isoleucine antagonism on the amino acid pattern of plasma and tissues of the rat.


Comparison of reactivity between D-propanediol and L-propanediol in intramolecular oxidation-reduction catalyzed by dioldehydrase requiring cobamide coenzyme.


Specificity of adenosine deaminase toward adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues.


States of amino acid residues in proteins. IX. Histidine residues in ribonuclease in the presence of cytidine- and uridine-3'-phosphates as observed with diazonium-1-H-tetrazole.


Necessity of substrates for the Crabtree effect in Ehrlich-Lettre carcinoma cells.


Properties of urease fractions separated on cm-cellulose.


Effect of chlorpromazine and amytal on the reduction of glutathione.


Detection of interaction in gluten extracts by gel filtration.


Studies on the heterogeneity of hemoglobin. XI. Chromatographic studies of intermediate forms of oxy- and ferrihemoglobin.


Reversible urea denaturation of crystalline yeast phosphoglyceric acid mutase.


Transamidase activity of the enzyme responsible for insoluble fibrin formation.


A column method for enzymic characterization of coarse cellular fractions: application to insoluble beta-fructofuranosidase from grape.


Study of carbohydrate release during the clotting of fibrinogen.


A procedure for the preparation of extracts from Rhodospirillum rubrum catalyzing N2 reduction and ATP-dependent H2 evolution.


Factors influencing the glucocorticoid-induced increase of ribonucleic acid polymerase activity of rat liver nuclei.


Association of integrated metabolic pathways with membranes. II. Electron micrographic studies on glycolytically active preparations from erythrocytes.


The chromatographic heterogeneity of cystathionase.


Tryptophan pyrrolase activity: effects of cyclic-AMP, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides.


A quantitative cytochemical investigations of DNA, RNA  and protein in lymphoid cells from normal, preleukemic and leukemic mice.


A quantitative investigation of the G (Gross) antigen in preleukemic and leukemic cells.


A microrespirometer capable of quantitative substrate mixing.


Interference with cell proliferation and induction of polyploidy in rat lens epithelium during prolonged myleran treatment.


Differences in mitotic cycle in various tissues of Vicia faba roots as revealed by 5-amino uracil synchronization of cell division.


Alternative states in control of the constancy and rate of cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Prolongation of the cell cycle in Tradescantia root tips by continuous gamma irradiation.


Metaphase arrest of Chinese hamster cells with rotenone.


Effects of high salt concentration on salivary gland cells of Drosophila virilis.


Development of eight-cell mouse embryos in vitro.


Determination of transmembrane water movement in crustacean axons by interference microscopy.


Starch gel electrophoresis of the fibrillar proteins of the cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis.


The rate of ribonucleic acid synthesis during the cell cycle.


The nuclear pattern of the parenchymal cells of the liver after partial hepatectomy.


Dermoepidermal interactions in tissue culture between heterologous species.


Effect of donor age on hormone reactivity of mouse mammary gland organ cultures.


Corpuscles containing crystalline formations in the exocrine pancreas of the dog.


An oil-sealed tissue culture chamber for microscopy.


Phytohaemagglutinin as a mitotic stimulator on free-living amoebae.


Glycogen satellite bands in isopycnic CsCl gradients.


Thermodynamic studies of the formation and ionization of the magnesium(II) complexes of ADP and ATP over the pH range 5 to 9.


Thermodynamics of proton dissociation in dilute aqueous solution. V. An entropy titration study of adenosine, pentoses, hexoses, and related compounds.


Triplet states in radiation chemistry. Radiochemical cis-trans isomerization.


Terpenoids. XIV. The constitution and biogenesis of marasmic acid.


Determination of amino acid sequence in di- and tripeptides by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.


Density gradient centrifugation studies on rabies virus. Neurath, A. Robert (The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.), Tadeusz J. Wiktor, and Hilary Koprowski. Density gradient centrifugation studies on rabies virus. J. Bacteriol. 92:102-106. 1966.-Cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation of rabies virus revealed a heterogeneous population of infectious virus particles, the majority of which showed a density of 1.20 g/ml. From results obtained by rate zonal centrifugation in preformed sucrose gradients, it was possible to calculate a sedimentation coefficient of about 600S for rabies virus. Sedimentation coefficients of about 23S and 10S were calculated for two soluble rabies antigens present in infected tissue-culture fluids, and they showed a density of 1.26 g/ml in cesium chloride solutions.


Synthesis of fatty acids by yeast particles. Klein, Harold P. (Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.). Synthesis of fatty acids by yeast particles. J. Bacteriol. 92:130-135. 1966.-When a mitochondria-free homogenate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was centrifuged at 100,000 x g for 60 min, the sedimented crude particles incorporated acetate into fatty acids, but not into nonsaponifiable lipids. Degradation of the fatty acids formed indicated this to be de novo synthesis rather than chain elongation. Subfractions of the crude particles were obtained. The "ribosomal" fraction was unable to synthesize fatty acids, but had properties indicating the presence of acetokinase, fatty acid desaturase, and, probably, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. A "light" particle fraction with a high specific activity of fatty acid synthetase was also obtained. Fatty acid synthesis by the "soluble" supernatant fluid appeared to be the result of contamination by the "light" particles. The data suggested the presence of several particulate entities in mitochondria-free homogenates.


Stability of the Lactobacillus population in feces and stomach contents of rats prevented from coprophagy. Lev, Meir (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, N.Y.), Raymond H. Alexander, and Stanley M. Levenson. Stability of the Lactobacillus population in feces and stomach contents of rats prevented from coprophagy. J. Bacteriol. 92: 13-16. 1966.-Lactobacilli were enumerated in the feces of rats prevented from coprophagy by tail-cupping. No differences were found when numbers of these organisms were compared with lactobacilli in feces of control rats, without tail-cups. High and similar numbers of lactobacilli were found in the stomachs of rats with and without tail-cups. The effect of coprophagy on fecal lactobacilli was therefore negligible.


Inhibition of inducible liver enzymes by endotoxin and actinomycin D. Berry, L. Joe (Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.), Dorothy S. Smythe, and Louise S. Colwell. Inhibition of inducible liver enzymes by endotoxin and actinomycin D. J. Bacteriol. 92:107-115. 1966.-Bacterial endotoxin at the ld(50) level lowers liver tryptophan pyrrolase in mice, it prevents for 16 to 20 hr the induction of the enzyme by a concurrent injection of cortisone, it lowers significantly but does not prevent substrate induction, and it reduces the enzymatic activity promptly and significantly when administered during the course of hormonal induction. The ld(50) amount of actinomycin D has a similar effect on tryptophan pyrrolase, except that its inhibition of induction by cortisone persists for a longer period of time. Endotoxin in the intact mouse induces tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase almost as well as cortisone, but not in the adrenalectomized animal, a fact that suggests induction of this enzyme is due to release of endogenous adrenal hormones. Actinomycin D, on the other hand, has an effect on this transaminase similar to that on tryptophan pyrrolase. The site of action of endotoxin and actinomycin D would appear to be similar for one of the two enzymes studied and different for the other, a relationship that requires a specificity difficult to imagine for a material as complex as endotoxin.


Characteristics of group A streptococcal bacteriophages. Friend, Patric L. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Hutton D. Slade. Characteristics of group A streptococcal bacteriophages. J. Bacteriol. 92:148-154. 1966.-A medium for the growth of group A streptococcal phages is described, consisting of Brain Heart Infusion broth supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract, 10(-4)m CaCl(2), and 10 mug/ml of dl-tryptophan. Cell and phage growth in this medium was excellent, and did not require the addition of serum or other proteins as indicated by other workers. Growth of one phage has also been achieved in a completely synthetic medium. The adsorption characteristics of two group A phages in protein broth and synthetic broth were studied, and the initial adsorption of phage was found to be more extensive in synthetic broth. However, the final amounts of adsorption in both were similar. The addition of purified group A carbohydrate antigen to the adsorption mixture in synthetic broth had no effect on the adsorption, and cells containing type-specific M protein adsorbed phage at the same rate as those lacking M protein. It was concluded that neither the group antigen nor the type antigen was the primary site of phage adsorption. One-step growth curves of the two phages showed a second step or burst occurring. Sonic oscillation of the bacterial cultures, which broke up the chains to single cells, abolished the second step of the growth curve. It appears that the second step is a function of the chain formation of streptococcal cells.


Ultraviolet mutagenesis in bacteriophage T4. II. Photoreversal of mutational lesions. Drake, John W. (University of Illinois, Urbana). Ultraviolet mutagenesis in bacteriophage T4. II. Photoreversal of mutational lesions. J. Bacteriol. 92:144-147. 1966.-T4r mutations were induced by ultraviolet irradiation of extracellular phage particles, using a phage mutant, v, which is particularly susceptible to photoreactivation. Most of the induced r mutations could be subsequently photoreversed intracellularly with white light. Ultraviolet irradiation induces both transitions and sign mutations, and both were susceptible to photoreversal. The results suggest that two very different types of mutational lesions may arise from a common type of photochemical lesion.


Stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection by a crude cell wall preparation from Mycobacterium phlei. Fox, Alfred E. (Warner-Lambert Research Institute, Morris Plains, N.J.), George L. Evans, Frank J. Turner, Benjamin S. Schwartz, and Ansel Blaustein. Stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection by a crude cell wall preparation from Myocobacterium phlei. J. Bacteriol. 92:1-5. 1966.-Exposure of large quantities of viable Mycobacterium phlei to attrition in a colloid mill resulted in 90 to 95% disruption of the organisms. Isolation of the crude cell wall preparation was accomplished by centrifugation of the broken cells at 10,000 x g, resuspension of the sediment, and repeated centrifugation at 1,000 x g to remove intact cells. Single oral or parenteral doses of the cell wall preparation increased the resistance of mice and guinea pigs to experimental infection with Salmonella enteritidis, and of mice to Staphylococcus aureus, for prolonged periods after administration. Histological examination of the organs of mice treated orally or intraperitoneally revealed a lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen and a Kupffer cell proliferation of the liver. The preparation was nontoxic to mice by the oral route at doses up to 5,000 mg/kg, and the intraperitoneal ld(50) was approximately 680 mg/kg.


Comparative biosynthesis of ornithine and lysine by Mycoplasma and L forms. Smith, Paul F. (University of South Dakota, Vermillion). Comparative biosynthesis of ornithine and lysine by Mycoplasma and L forms. J. Bacteriol. 92:164-169. 1966.-Seven species of Mycoplasma, two L forms not requiring salt and their parent bacteria, and two yeasts were examined for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ornithine and lysine. All organisms tested, except two species of Mycoplasma and the yeasts, decarboxylated meso-alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid. None of the Mycoplasma species or L forms was capable either of reducing alpha-aminoadipic acid to its semialdehyde or of incorporating alpha-aminoadipic acid-6-C(14) into lysine. All organisms, except the yeasts and Mycoplasma sp. caprine strain 14, acetylated glutamic acid, and all organisms possessed N(alpha)-acetyl-l-ornithine:2-oxo-glutarate aminotransferase activity. N(alpha)-acetylornithase activity was negligible in all organisms except Proteus and its L form. No transacetylation between acetylglutamic acid and ornithine, and vice versa, was demonstrable in any of the organisms. Mycoplasma species appear to possess the bacterial pathway to lysine. Ornithine does not appear to arise from glutamic acid.


Physical properties of human Mycoplasma species. Kim, Kwang S. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), Wallace A. Clyde, Jr., and Floyd W. Denny. Physical properties of human mycoplasma species. J. Bacteriol. 92:214-219. 1966.-Studies were made of the comparative morphology and stability of five Mycoplasma species of human origin (M. hominis type 1, M. salivarium, M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae, M. pharyngis). Broth-cultivated organisms were examined by electron microscopy to determine their relative appearance after uniform processing, including fixation-drying with formaldehyde vapor. M. pneumoniae was characterized by the occurrence of 250- to 300-mmu spheres in clusters, and M. pharyngis by the appearance of filaments 120 mmu by 1.5 to 8 mu; the remaining species revealed a variety of structures, including spheres, rings, and short filaments. To complement these findings, the effect of physical stresses on viability of the mycoplasmas was measured by exposing the organisms to heat (in saline), osmotic variations (in sucrose), and sonic oscillation and repetitive freeze-thawing (in culture medium). M. pneumoniae was most resistant to heat, vibration, and freeze-thawing; M. pharyngis was most sensitive to heart and vibration, but was least affected by osmotic changes. The remaining organisms assumed intermediate positions. The type-related variations in relative morphology and stability suggest differing physical attributes of the mycoplasmas studied, supporting taxonomic differentiation of the five species based on metabolic and immunological criteria.


Effect of tryptophan on growth and morphology of Hansenula schneggii cells. Sundhagul, Malee (Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago), and L. R. Hedrick. Effect of tryptophan on growth and morphology of Hansenula schneggii cells. J. Bacteriol. 92:241-249. 1966.-When Hansenula schneggii cells were cultured aerobically in a tryptophan-glucose medium, 70 to 90% of the cells were elongated; no growth occurred under anaerobic conditions. The size of the elongated cells was 15 to 25 mu by 2 to 4 mu, as compared with 2.5 to 5 mu for ellipsoidal cells. Formation of elongated cells occurred essentially during the logarithmic growth period; the highest percentage of elongated cells was found soon after the end of this growth phase. In the later stationary phase, some of the cells formed spherical buds which became spherical cells. The rate of cell division during this period was greatly reduced, but the spherical cells formed decreased the percentage of elongated cells in the population. Cells cultured in a membrane-filter filtrate of a tryptophan-glucose medium (with limiting tryptophan), in which elongated cells had been grown, were ellipsoidal until nitrogenous nutrients were exhausted; thereafter the cells were elongated if tryptophan was added. Of compounds related to tryptophan, kynurenine was the only one which induced a high percentage of the cells to elongate. Some amino acids, such as cystine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and threonine, induced elongation in about 15% of the cells. Growth of cells with other amino acids, or the addition of most of the other amino acids to tryptophan-glucose medium, resulted in a population of spherical cells. Several consecutive sequential transfers of cells into tryptophan medium induced elongation in 90% of the cells, but one transfer from a culture with elongated cells into a medium with ammonium sulfate, or a mixture of amino acids, gave a culture with ellipsoidal cells. Growth in media at pH 4 or 5 favored formation of elongated cells; as the pH was increased, the percentage of elongated cells decreased. Carbon sources other than glucose did not affect the percentage of elongated cells, except for the alcohols mannitol and erythitol, which gave comparable growth but reduced the percentage of elongated cells from 70 to 50%. Cell wall analyses of the two types of cells indicated that elongated cells have 2.5 times as much mannan as cell walls of ellipsoidal cells. This suggests that tryptophan, kynurenine, and, to a limited extent, some of the other amino acids cause a diversion of polysaccharide biosynthesis to mannan in the elongated cells rather than to glucan as in ellipsoidal cells.


Biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus. Darlington, R. W. (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn.), and C. James. Biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus. J. Bacteriol. 92:250-257. 1966.-The growth of equine abortion virus (EAV) was studied by bioassay and electron microscopy in L-cell monolayer and suspension cultures, and in HeLa and BHK 21/13 cell monolayers. Results of virus assay (plaque-forming units) indicated that production of cell-associated virus (CAV) began at 6 to 9 hr after infection in all of the cell strains used. Virus release occurred 1 to 2 hr later. By 15 to 20 hr after infection, the amount of released virus (RV) equaled or surpassed that of CAV in all cells other than the HeLa cells, where the amount of RV did not equal CAV until 48 hr after infection. Electron microscopy of infected cells revealed no differences in the morphology of virus development in any of the cells used. Developing virus particles were first detected in cell nuclei at 9 hr after infection. At 12 hr, virus particles could be seen budding from the inner nuclear envelope. Budding into cytoplasmic vacuoles was not seen. Budding virus, virus in cytoplasmic vacuoles, and extracellular virus were all approximately 145 mmu in diameter, and were indistinguishable morphologically. These results indicated that EAV is quite similar to herpes simplex virus with respect to growth and morphology, and that the inner nuclear membrane is the principal site of virus envelopment.


Streptomycin inhibition of elaboration of staphylococcal enterotoxic protein.


Inhibition of staphylococcal enterotoxin B formation in broth cultures.


Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of some members of the Micrococcaceae. Auletta, Angela E. (Catholic University, Washington, D.C.), and E. R. Kennedy. Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of some members of the Micrococcaceae. J. Bacteriol. 92:28-34. 1966.-Thirty-seven strains from the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Gaffkya, and Sarcina were examined for deoxyribonucleic acid base composition and biochemical activity. Organisms were tested for production of catalase, coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, oxidase, phosphatase, hydrogen sulfide, indole, and acetoin; nitrate reduction; gelatin, starch, and urea hydrolysis; citrate and ammonium phosphate utilization; NaCl tolerance; growth at 10 and 45 C, and growth in litmus milk. They were tested for production of acid from dextrose and mannitol under anaerobic conditions, and for aerobic production of acid from dextrose, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, raffinose, maltose, xylose, and glycerol. Organisms could be divided into two groups on the basis of guanine-cytosine (GC) content. Group I had an average GC content of 32%, and included all organisms which produced acid from dextrose. Group II had an average GC content of 62%, and included those organisms incapable of producing acid from dextrose under anaerobic conditions. Sarcina ureae had a GC content of 43%.


Inhibition of protein synthesis by spermine in growing cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Friedman, Mischa E. (Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel), and Uriel Bachrach. Inhibition of protein synthesis by spermine in growing cells of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 92:49-55. 1966.-Staphylococcus aureus SFL 9725 incorporated valine-C(14) into cellular protein. This incorporation was inhibited by spermine when the pH of the culture was adjusted to 7.8, and the inhibition was antagonized partially by Mg(++). The incorporation of C(14)-labeled leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, and possibly glutamic acid was inhibited to a much greater extent than that of alanine, glycine, or threonine. The uptake of spermine-C(14) by S. aureus cells was rapid. More than 50% of the radioactivity resided in the soluble extract. The protein fraction of the soluble extract contained 99% of the recovered label, whereas the ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid fractions contained little or no spermine-C(14).


Color test for the measurement of antibody to T-strain mycoplasmas. Purcell, Robert H. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), D. Taylor-Robinson, D. Wong, and R. M. Chanock. Color test for the measurement of antibody to T-strain mycoplasmas. J. Bacteriol. 92:6-12. 1966.-A metabolic inhibition technique for the measurement of antibody to T-strain mycoplasmas was developed, based upon the ability of T-strain mycoplasmas to metabolize urea with the concomitant production of ammonia, and the ability of specific antiserum to inhibit this ammonia production. Phenol red added to the medium served as an indicator of pH change resulting from ammonia production. Specific antiserum to T-strain mycoplasma T-960 was prepared. The T-strain organism was shown to be serologically distinct from the recognized large-colony mycoplasmas. Antibody to mycoplasma strain T-960 in human sera was demonstrated with the metabolic inhibition technique.


Nutrition and metabolism of marine bacteria. XV. Relation of Na+-activated transport to the Na+ requirement of a marine pseudomonad for growth. Drapeau, Gabriel R., (McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada), Tibor I. Matula, and Robert A. MacLeod. Nutrition and metabolism of marine bacteria. XV. Relation of Na(+)-activated transport to the Na(+) requirement of a marine pseudomonad for growth. J. Bacteriol. 92:63-71. 1966.-A marine pseudomonad was found to require 50 to 100 mm Na(+) for maximal rate of oxidation of d-galactose and for the transport of d-fucose-H(3) into the cells. The same organism required 150 to 200 mm Na(+) for the oxidation of l-alanine and for the transport of phi-aminoisobutyric acid-C(14) (AIB-C(14)) into the cells. Competition studies indicated that d-galactose and d-fucose on the one hand and l-alanine and AIB on the other shared common carriers for transporting the compounds into the cells. This parallelism in Na(+) response for oxidation and transport extended to growth when l-alanine was the sole carbon source in the medium. When d-galactose was the sole carbon source, an amount of Na(+) equal to that with l-alanine was needed. KCN and dinitrophenol but not ouabain inhibited the uptake of AIB-C(14) by the cells. K(+) in addition to Na(+) was required for transport, and both Mg(++) and either Cl(-) or Br(-) were stimulatory. Photobacterium fischeri was also found to require Na(+) specifically for the uptake of AIB-C(14) by the cells.


On senile changes in lymphatic capillaries and vessels.


Aortographic diagnosis of dissecting aneurysm.


Surgical treatment of the perforating ulcer of the foot (Preliminary report).


Cystic degeneration of the wall of the femoral vein.


Observations on the effects of low pO2 in extreme hypothermia in dogs.


Prosthetic replacement of the mitral valve in the elderly.


The use of the demand pacemaker in auriculo-ventricular conduction disturbances.


The provision of occupational health services for the smaller work place in Norway, Sweden and Finland.


Fraser's disease--an occupational discontent.


Omental transposition for the treatment of chronic lymphedema.


The use of portable oxygen sets in carbon monoxide poisoning.


Surgical treatment of cardiac aneurysms.


The iliac vein bowstring.

The iliac vein bowstring.


The influence of ionizing radiation on the proline content in potato tubers.


The solubilization of a cholinesterase from plaice muscle by bacteria.


Synthesis of phosphopeptides. V. Further dipeptides, tripeptides and O-phosphorylated derivatives of L-serine.


Controlled tissue ingrowth on prosthetic cardiac valves: a new means of preventing thromboembolism.


Preparation of oriented DNA by wet spinning.


Hydration of DNA, a wide line NMR study of oriented DNA.


Metabolism of acetaldehyde--a metabolic branching point.


Semiconductivity of dried oriented DNA.

Semiconductivity of dried oriented DNA.


Specific interaction of adenine nucleotides with the amino acid transport mechanism in the nuclear membrane.


Influence of gamma-irradiation on beta-fructofuranosidase in potato tubers.


Influence of gamma-irradiation on UDPglucose-fructose glucosyltransferase in potato tubers.


Pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma.


On the chemical composition of gill deoxyribonucleic acid of Mytilus edulis.


Neural control of the pulmonary smooth muscle in the toad.


Ribonucleic acid metabolism in the nuclei isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.


Renal cortical blood flow and split function test in patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis.


Studies on the mechanism of tussive syncope.


Coronary heart disease in a population in the south of Sweden.


Multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms.

Multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms.


On the influence of body position on steady-state diffusing capacity during exercise, studied in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.


Hereditary elliptocytosis and hyperhaemolysis. A comparative study of 6 families with 145 patients.


Stevens-Johnson syndrome with cardiac involvement. Report of two cases.


A contribution to the epidemiology of chronic bronchitis.


L-alpha-methyl-dopa versus the racemic form--a comparative study of the hypotensive effect.


A re-examination of the molecular structure of yeast glucan.


Studies on methylazoxymethanol, the aglycone of cycasin: methylation of nucleic acids in vitro.


Hypercholesterolaemia and liver enlargement in experimental hepatic porphyria.


The phosphorylated intermediate in the phosphoglyceromutase reaction. 1. High-voltage paper-electrophoresis methods have been used for the separation of (32)P-labelled phosphoesters. 2. Evidence is presented which indicates that (32)P-labelled phosphopeptides, obtained after acid hydrolysis of phosphoglyceromutase incubated with impure 2,3-di[(32)P]phosphoglycerate, are derived from phosphoglucomutase contamination. 3. The hydrolysis of 2,3-di[(32)P]phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase has been studied. After an apparent instantaneous hydrolysis of 1 mole of coenzyme/mole of enzyme the reaction proceeds at a very low rate. 4. This hydrolysis seems to be due to the destruction of an enzyme-coenzyme complex. The proportions of the decomposition products of the complex vary according to further handling (pH of ionophoresis). 5. The inorganic [(32)P]phosphate produced by the hydrolysis of the complex and the inorganic [(32)P]phosphate produced by the slow phosphatase activity can be differentiated by the ability of the former to be incorporated into non-radioactive substrate before enzyme denaturation. 6. The effect of enzyme concentration on the stoicheiometry of the slow phosphatase hydrolysis of the diphosphoglycerate is described and this suggests that it may occur via two independent reactions, one of them being the decomposition of the enzyme-coenzyme complex on standing.


Some observations on the biosynthesis of the plant sulpholipid by Euglena gracilis. 1. dl-Cysteine decreases the uptake of (35)SO(4) (2-) by Euglena gracilis but does not decrease the relative incorporation of the isotope into sulpholipid; cysteic acid, on the other hand, does not affect the uptake of (35)SO(4) (2-) but does dilute out its incorporation into the sulpholipid. 2. Both l-[(35)S]cysteic acid and dl-+meso-[3-(14)C]cysteic acid appear almost exclusively in 6-sulphoquinovose. 3. Molybdate inhibits the incorporation of (35)SO(4) (2-) into sulpholipid but not its uptake into the cells; this suggests that adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate may be concerned with the biosynthesis of sulpholipid, and it was shown to be formed by chloroplast fragments. 4. An outline scheme for sulpholipid biosynthesis based on these observations is discussed.


Metabolic changes in the skin of rats of various ages. Oxygen consumption and uptake of glucose. 1. Parallel determinations of the oxygen consumption by skin slices with glucose or galactose as substrate and of the concentration of DNA of the skin of various ages of rats were carried out to study the metabolic changes of the skin with age. 2. Both the oxygen consumption and the DNA content of the skin decreased rapidly till the attainment of maturity; thereafter the rate of decrease in oxygen consumption was lower whereas the concentration of DNA was constant. The decrease in the oxygen consumption during the early developmental period is thus due to the loss of cells, but the decrease in the older rats may be due to a decline in the activity of the cells of the skin as a result of aging. 3. The uptake of glucose by the skin decreased with increasing age.


Transport and metabolism of fatty acids by isolated rumen epithelium. 1. The metabolism of even-numbered saturated (acetic acid to stearic acid) and unsaturated (oleic acid and linolenic acid) fatty acids by diaphragms of isolated rumen epithelium has been investigated. 2. When fatty acids are presented to the papillae surface, ketone bodies are released from the opposite (muscle) side of the tissue. 3. When the concentration of octanoate or decanoate is increased to a critical value, which varies inversely with the chain length of the fatty acid, the respiration of the tissue is inhibited and ketone body synthesis is diminished. Under these conditions unmetabolized fatty acid crosses the tissue down a concentration gradient. 4. The inhibitions by octanoate and decanoate are more marked when the fatty acid is presented to both surfaces of the rumen epithelium. 5. During the oxidation of octanoate and decanoate at non-inhibitory concentrations, small quantities of shorter chain fatty acids, including acetate, are produced.


The effect of 6-furfurylaminopurine on senescence in tobacco-leaf tissue after harvest. 1. The concentration of chlorophyll decreased and the concentration of alpha-amino nitrogen and the absolute and specific activity of peptidase increased in disks of tobacco leaf incubated on water in darkness at 25 degrees . 2. Although 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) applied to the disks inhibited the increase in activity of peptidase after 4 days, this effect was too slow to account for the significant inhibition of increase in alpha-amino nitrogen after 24hr. 3. Treating with kinetin also delayed loss of chlorophyll and soluble protein, though not until 4 and 8 days respectively. 4. The only significant effect of treating disks prepared from tobacco plants deficient in nitrogen with kinetin for 8 days was to inhibit the increase in alpha-amino nitrogen. 5. Adding kinetin (5mmum to 5mum) in vitro did not affect the activity of peptidase extracted from tobacco leaf.


The preparation and properties of ficin chemically attached to carboxymethylcellulose. 1. Purified ficin has been coupled to four CM-celluloses by reaction with their acid azide derivatives. Insoluble products containing 1.8-4.7mg. of ficin/100mg. of product and retaining 8.0-12.0% of the free enzyme's esterase activity have been obtained. 2. The amount of bound ficin in these preparations is dependent on the degree of carboxymethyl substitution of the CM-cellulose to which the ficin is attached. 3. A shift of the alkaline limb of the pH-activity curve of ficin when chemically attached to CM-cellulose has been shown. 4. Only a small loss has been observed in the enzymic activity of these products when stored at 2 degrees for 4 months. They are more resistant than free enzyme to heat denaturation. 5. Columns of CM-cellulose-ficin have been packed. The degree of hydrolysis of perfused substrate has been measured for different flow rates through the column. 6. The properties of these derivatives have been discussed.


Effect of sex and gonadal hormones on rat plasma lipids during the development of an essential fatty acid deficiency. 1. Male, female and castrated rats treated with oestradiol (30mug./week) or testosterone (2mg./week) were given an essential fatty acid-deficient diet containing 10% of hydrogenated coconut oil for 9 weeks. The concentrations and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides were determined. 2. Between the second and third weeks of the deficiency, concentrations of plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids and triglycerides decreased, then remained relatively constant. There were no significant differences between males and females, but oestradiol caused a significant rise in plasma phospholipids and triglycerides as compared with testosterone-treated animals. 3. During the first 2 weeks of the deficiency, linoleic acid in the plasma lipids of all groups decreased to low concentrations and changed very little thereafter. 4. Female rats maintained higher percentages and concentrations of arachidonic acid and stearic acid in plasma phospholipids and arachidonic acid in cholesteryl esters than did males. Males had higher proportions of eicosatrienoic acid and oleic acid. There was no sex difference in the fatty acid composition of plasma triglycerides. 5. Oestradiol-treated rats had concentrations of cholesteryl and phospholipid arachidonate comparable with those of female rats and higher than the testosterone-treated group. Eicosatrienoic acid in the oestradiol-treated rats was high and resembled that of the male rats, apparently because of the higher concentration of plasma phospho lipids in this group. 6. Supplementation of the essential fatty acid-deficient rats with linoleate restored plasma cholesteryl and phospholipid linoleate and arachidonate nearly to normal concentrations in a single day. The increase in arachidonic acid in these fractions was accompanied by a similar quantitative decrease in eicosatrienoic acid. 7. These sex differences appear to be related to the smaller size of the female rat and to a more direct influence of oestradiol on the formation or maintenance of phospholipids rich in arachidonic acid.


Fluorescence studies on some hydroxypyridines including compounds of the vitamin B6 group. 1. The variations with pH (from 36n-sulphuric acid to 10n-sodium hydroxide) of the excitation and fluorescence wavelengths and fluorescence intensity of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxypyridine and their O- and N-methyl derivatives were investigated. 2. 4-Hydroxy- and 4-methoxy-pyridine were non-fluorescent at all pH values. 3. The cations and dipolar ions of the 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives and the anion of 3-hydroxypyridine were fluorescent, but the neutral forms were not. 4. All the forms of the 2-hydroxypyridine derivatives were fluorescent. 5. Pyridoxol, pyridoxal and its 5-phosphate, pyridoxamine and pyridoxic acid and its lactone were studied similarly. All these compounds, except pyridoxal 5-phosphate, were more fluorescent than 3-hydroxypyridine. 6. The most fluorescent forms of these compounds are the anions, except for pyridoxol, where the dipolar ion was the most fluorescent form. The least fluorescent forms are the neutral molecules. The dipolar ions were appreciably fluorescent in all cases. 7. The most fluorescent form examined was the dianion of pyridoxic acid lactone. 8. The cations were all fluorescent except the cations of 2- and 3-methoxypyridine. All the cations showed excited-state ionization. The excited pK(a) values of these cations were determined and the results are discussed with reference to Weller's (1952) equation relating ground- and excited-state dissociation constants. 9. The pK(a) values for all ionizations undergone by the compounds examined were determined from fluorescence data. 10. Stokes shifts for the various ionic and neutral species of the compounds examined were calculated and are discussed.


Nutrition and lysosomal activity. The influence of the vitamin A status on the proteolytic activity of extracts from the livers and kidneys of rats. 1. Young rats were kept for several weeks on a diet deficient in vitamin A. Some were undosed, others were given marginal (25i.u. weekly), adequate (1000i.u. weekly) or excessive (50000i.u. daily) doses of vitamin A acetate. The undosed rats developed signs of vitamin A deficiency, and the overdosed animals had skeletal fractures indicative of hypervitaminosis A. 2. The rats were decapitated. Their livers, and sometimes their kidneys, were homogenized and processed by centrifugal methods to sediment most of the lysosome fractions. Proteolytic activity was measured, after treatment with a detergent, in the whole homogenate (;total' activity), in the pellet obtained after 20min. at 15000g (;bound' activity) and, without treatment with detergent, in the supernatant (;free' activity). 3. In rats suffering from hypervitaminosis A the free activity and to a smaller extent the total activity were increased. Free activity was also raised in most rats suffering from avitaminosis A, but less than in those suffering from hypervitaminosis. 4. The vitamin A status appeared to have little effect on the proteolytic activity of the kidneys. Results for total and free activities, but not for bound activities, were higher than for corresponding liver preparations. 5. Control experiments were done on starved rats and on rats which were pair-fed with hypervitaminotic animals. Short periods of starvation caused an increase in free activity in young rats, but not in adults. The increases caused by starvation were much less than those caused by hypervitaminosis A. 6. For studies of the distribution of vitamin A more complete separation of the subcellular fractions was carried out on the combined livers from several hypervitaminotic rats. The concentration of vitamin A in the lysosome fraction was less than in the liver as a whole. 7. Our finding that the free proteolytic activity of the liver is increased by toxic oral dosing with vitamin A can be considered an extension of the previous observation that proteolytic enzymes are liberated when lysosomes are treated in vitro with vitamin A.


Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of flavone in the guinea pig. 1. The metabolism of flavone has been studied in the guinea pig; after administration of the compound either orally or intraperitoneally, 4'-hydroxyflavone is excreted in the urine. 2. Small amounts of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone were also detected in the urine after oral administration of flavone. 3. Hydroxyflavone formation is not suppressed by administering high doses of the antibacterial compounds aureomycin and phthaloylsulphathiazole. 4. Although salicylic acid appeared in trace quantities in the urine after administration of flavone, no other aromatic acid metabolites of flavone were detected.


A new flavan-3,4-diol from Acacia auriculiformis by paper ionophoresis. 1. The heartwood of A. auriculiformis contains a typical mixture of analogues consisting of three isomeric flavan-3,4-diols, a dihydroflavonol, flavanone, flavonol and chalcone based on the 4',7,8-trihydroxyl pattern. These were resolved by preparative paper chromatography and preparative paper ionophoresis. 2. Crystalline (-)-teracacidin [(2R,3R,4R)-4',7,8-trihydroxy-2,3-cis-flavan-3,4-cis-diol] was obtained in high (10%) yield, and a new crystalline derivative of (-)-isoteracacidin [(-)-2,3-cis-3,4-trans isomer] was isolated. The crystalline methyl ether of a new (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-cis isomer was isolated. 3. The absolute configurations of (-)-isoteracacidin (2R,3R,4S) and of the (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-cis isomer (2R,3S,4S) were tentatively assigned on the basis of nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, paper ionophoresis and paper-chromatographic comparison with the epimerization products of (-)-teracacidin. 4. Possible reasons for the absence of polymeric leuco-anthocyanidin tannins are discussed. 5. (+/-)-4',7,8-Trihydroxydihydroflavonol and (+/-)-4',7,8-trihydroxyflavanone were isolated for the first time. 6. The bark polyphenols consist mainly of polymeric leuco-delphinidins and leuco-cyanidins which redden exceptionally rapidly to light. The mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed.


The kinetics of inhibition of erythrocyte cholinesterase by monomethylcarbamates. 1. The kinetics of the interaction of erythrocyte cholinesterase with 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate and phenyl N-methylcarbamate were studied. Rate constants for inhibition and rate constants for spontaneous reactivation were determined. The calculated rate constants for spontaneous reactivation agreed well with those obtained experimentally. 2. The degree of inhibition obtained after preincubation of enzyme and inhibitor was found to be independent of both the substrate concentration and the dilution of the inhibited enzyme. 3. The reaction between the enzyme and the inhibitor was consistent with carbamates being regarded as poor substrates of cholinesterases. There was no evidence for the formation of a reversible complex between the enzyme and the carbamate.


The determination of the substitution achieved at the alpha-amino, epsilon-amino and imidazole groups of proteins with special reference to derivatives of gelatin. 1. The diminution of the quantity of pigment formed in the ninhydrin colorimetric reaction or the titre in two types of formol titration of a protein after substitution is used to determine the degree of substitution achieved at the various amino groups of a protein. 2. The determination of the substitution achieved at alpha-amino plus in-amino groups by the ninhydrin colorimetric method as described by Cobbett, Gibbs & Leach (1964) has been modified to correct for the hydrolysis of the peptide chain which takes place during colour development. 3. The degree of substitution at the in-amino groups was determined by the formol titration carried out at pH9, essentially as described by the above authors. 4. Substitution at the alpha-amino plus in-amino plus imidazole groups was determined from the diminution of the titre of a modified formol titration. This titration was carried out by adjusting the protein solution to pH6.5 followed by the addition of formaldehyde and then titrating to pH9.0. 5. The three methods have been applied to carbamoylated and benzenesulphonylated gelatin derivatives. The values for the degrees of substitution obtained by the ninhydrin (alpha-amino plus in-amino) and the formol (pH9.0, in-amino) methods were shown to be almost identical. The values from the formol (pH6.5-9.0, alpha-amino plus in-amino plus imidazole) titration were consistently lower than the values obtained by the other methods and corresponded to no substitution having taken place at the imidazole groups by the preparative methods employed. 6. The application of the methods to other protein systems is discussed.


Polyribosomes in rat-liver preparations. 1. The distribution of rat-liver polyribosomes in sucrose density gradients has been investigated with regard to the effects of the preparative procedures and the physiological and pathological condition of the animal. 2. By using carefully defined conditions, three principal polyribosomal fractions have been isolated with S(20,w) values of 340, 275 and 225s in addition to the dimerized 120s and single 80s ribosomes. 3. The polyribosomes were very sensitive to treatment with ribonuclease and to mechanical stresses. 4. Incubation of dispersed hepatic cells and also cell-free preparations with puromycin in the presence of ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate caused rapid partial degradation of the polyribosomes. Treatment of the dispersed cells with actinomycin D also degraded the polyribosomes. 5. The liver polyribosomes of rats not raised under pathogen-free conditions and possibly of rats with an arthritic syndrome may be more fragile than those of healthy pathogen-free animals. 6. Treatment of pathogen-free rats with drugs stimulating liver anabolism profoundly affected the distribution of polyribosomes in sucrose density gradients.


The hypobranchial mucin of the whelk Buccinum undatum L. The polysaccharide sulphate component. 1. A polysaccharide sulphate has been isolated from the hypobranchial mucin of the whelk Buccinum undatum. 2. The molecular weight of this polysaccharide, which is a glucan carrying one ester sulphate group per monosaccharide residue, is 1.7x10(5). 3. Some investigations bearing on the location of the ester sulphate groups are reported. 4. The viscosity of the whole mucin has been shown to depend mainly on the glucan sulphate.


Interferon production in chick-embryo cells. The effect of puromycin and p-fluorophenylalanine. 1. When chick-embryo cells were treated with ultraviolet-inactivated influenza virus (Melbourne strain), interferon was produced after a lag period of about 10hr. 2. The addition of small amounts of either puromycin or p-fluorophenylalanine immediately after the virus inhibited the subsequent production of interferon. Both inhibitors primarily affected protein synthesis, and it is concluded that interferon production involves new protein synthesis. 3. Results obtained by the addition of either inhibitor for short periods during the lag phase demonstrated a requirement for protein synthesis during the second half of the lag phase. 4. Addition of puromycin during the course of interferon production caused almost immediate inhibition, but interferon formation became insusceptible to the action of p-fluorophenylalanine at about 26hr. after infection. Possible explanations of this effect are discussed.


[35S]thiosulphate oxidation by Thiobacillus strain C. 1. Thiobacillus strain C oxidized [(35)S]thiosulphate completely to sulphate. 2. During thiosulphate oxidation [(35)S]sulphate was formed more rapidly from (S.(35)SO(3))(2-) than from ((35)S.SO(3))(2-). (35)S disappeared less rapidly from thiosulphate with ((35)S.SO(3))(2-) as substrate than with (S.(35)SO(3))(2-). 3. Thiosulphate labelled in both atoms was produced during ((35)S.SO(3))(2-) oxidation, but not during (S.(35)SO(3))(2-) oxidation. 4. No (35)S was precipitated as elementary sulphur either in the presence or absence of exogenous unlabelled sulphur. 5. During [(35)S]thiosulphate oxidation, appreciable quantities of [(35)S]trithionate accumulated and later disappeared. Other polythionates did not accumulate consistently. 6. [(35)S]Trithionate was formed initially at a greater rate from (S.(35)SO(3))(2-) than from ((35)S.SO(3))(2-), but subsequently at a similar rate from each. 7. Trithionate formed from (S.(35)SO(3))(2-) was labelled only in the oxidized sulphur atoms, but that formed from ((35)S.SO(3))(2-) was labelled in both oxidized and reduced atoms. The proportion of (35)S in the oxidized atoms increased as more trithionate accumulated. 8. The results eliminate some mechanisms of trithionate formation but are consistent both with a mechanism of thiosulphate oxidation based on an initial reductive cleavage of the molecule and with a mechanism in which thiosulphate undergoes an initial oxidative reaction.


Characterization of ribonucleases and ribonuclease inhibitor in subcellular fractions from rat adrenals. 1. The presence of two RNA-degrading enzymes, one with optimum activity at pH5.6 (acid ribonuclease) and the other with optimum activity at pH7.8 (alkaline ribonuclease), in rat adrenals has been demonstrated. The acid ribonuclease was localized in the mitochondrial fraction whereas the alkaline ribonuclease was present in mitochondria as well as in the supernatant fraction. Freezing and thawing of mitochondria and treatment with Triton X-100 gave a three- to four-fold increase in acid-ribonuclease activity, whereas the mitochondrial alkaline-ribonuclease activity was practically unaffected. 2. The amount of free ribonuclease in the adrenal supernatant was small. Treatment of the supernatant fraction with N-ethylmaleimide resulted in release of large amounts of ribonuclease activity, indicating the presence of a ribonuclease inhibitor having reactive thiol groups. 3. Considerable amounts of free ribonuclease inhibitor in excess over the bound alkaline ribonuclease are present in the rat-adrenal supernatant fraction. The inhibitor is heat-labile and non-diffusible. A 400-500-fold purification of the ribonuclease inhibitor was achieved by ammonium sulphate fractionation, treatment with calcium phosphate gel and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It is concluded that the adrenal inhibitor is protein in nature, similar to the inhibitor present in rat liver.


The enzymic oxidation of chlorogenic acid and some reactions of the quinone produced. 1. Partially purified preparations of tobacco-leaf o-diphenol oxidase (o-quinol-oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.10.3.1) oxidize chlorogenic acid to brown products, absorbing, on average, 1.6atoms of oxygen/mol. oxidized, and evolving a little carbon dioxide. 2. The effect of benzenesulphinic acid on the oxidation suggests that the first stage is the formation of a quinone; the solution does not go brown, oxygen uptake is restricted to 1 atom/mol. oxidized, and a compound is produced whose composition corresponds to that of a sulphone of the quinone derived from chlorogenic acid. 3. Several other compounds that react with quinones affect the oxidation of chlorogenic acid. The colour of the products formed and the oxygen absorbed in their formation suggest that the quinone formed in the oxidation reacts with these compounds in the same way as do simpler quinones. 4. Some compounds that are often used to prevent the oxidation of polyphenols were tested to see if they act by inhibiting o-diphenol oxidase, by reacting with quinone intermediates, or both. 5. Ascorbate inhibits the enzyme and also reduces the quinone. 6. Potassium ethyl xanthate, diethyldithiocarbamate and cysteine inhibit the enzyme to different extents, and also react with the quinone. The nature of the reaction depends on the relative concentrations of inhibitor and chlorogenic acid. Excess of inhibitor prevents the solution from turning brown and restricts oxygen uptake to 1 atom/mol. of chlorogenic acid oxidized; smaller amounts do not prevent browning and slightly increase oxygen uptake. 7. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole inhibits the enzyme, and also probably reacts with the quinone; inhibited enzyme is reactivated as if the inhibitor is removed as traces of quinone are produced. 8. Thioglycollate and polyvinylpyrrolidone inhibit the enzyme. Thioglycollate probably reduces the quinone to a small extent.


Electrophoretic and other studies on haem pigments from Rhodopseudomonas palustris: cytochrome 552 and cytochromoid c. 1. Cytochrome 552 and cytochromoid c were extracted from Rhodopseudomonas palustris cells, purified and obtained in crystalline form. 2. Extinction ratios and amino acid compositions of the two pigments are reported. 3. When subjected to starch-gel electrophoresis in borate buffer, pH8.8, each pigment migrated towards the cathode; oxidized cytochromoid c migrated more rapidly than its reduced form. 4. By a determination of electrophoretic mobilities in buffers of I0.1 by using the moving-boundary method, the isoelectric point of cytochrome 552 was found to be at pH10.6 and that of cytochromoid c at pH9.7. 5. As obtained, cytochrome 552 was non-autoxidizable; cytochromoid c was autoxidizable but became considerably less so on alkaline treatment. 6. Discussion of the results includes a consideration of the isoelectric points of the pigments in terms of their amino acid composition.


The relationship between cellular nucleic acids in the developing rat cerebral cortex. 1. In the rat cerebral cortex net DNA synthesis ceases when the animal has reached about 25g. body weight (18 days of age). There is then little further change in the DNA content per cortex. 2. Nuclear and transfer RNA follow a similar pattern to DNA. 3. Microsomal and ribosomal RNA content increases up to 25g. body weight but then declines. The decrease in ribosomal and microsomal RNA content is associated with a change in RNA base composition. 4. Incorporation of [(14)C]orotic acid into nuclear RNA proceeds at a similar rate in 4-day-old and adult animals. However, there is a lag period of about 60min. in the young animals during which incorporation into the ribosome fractions proceeds slowly. In the adult animals the lag period is not seen.


Ribonucleic acid synthesis during the early action of thyroid hormones. 1. The effect on RNA synthesis in rat liver of thyroidectomy and the administration of thyroid hormone, especially during its physiological latent period, was studied by determining: (a) the activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in isolated nuclei; (b) the rate of synthesis of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA in vivo; (c) polyribosomal sedimentation profiles; (d) the response of microsomes and ribonucleoprotein particles to polyuridylic acid; (e) the effect of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on the biological activity of hormones. 2. The DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase activity of isolated rat-liver nuclei was lowered by thyroidectomy and stimulated by the administration of tri-iodo-l-thyronine or l-thyroxine (2-25mug./100g. body wt.) to both normal and thyroidectomized rats. In thyroidectomized rats, the activity of the Mg(2+)-activated RNA-polymerase reaction (for which the product is mainly ribosomal type of RNA) was stimulated at 10-12hr. after a single injection of tri-iodothyronine, reaching a peak value of 60-90% stimulation at 45hr. after hormone administration. The Mn(2+)/ammonium sulphate-activated RNA-polymerase reaction (for which the RNA product is more DNA-like) was not affected for 24hr. after hormone administration but stimulated by 30-40% at 45hr. The response of both RNA-polymerase reactions to the hormone in vivo paralleled the physiological response but the enzyme was not stimulated by the addition in vitro of the hormone to isolated nuclei. 3. Within 3-4hr. after tri-iodothyronine administration to thyroidectomized rats, the specific activity of rapidly labelled nuclear RNA, after a 10min. pulse of [6-(14)C]orotic acid, was 30-40% greater than the control values, the stimulation reaching 100 and 200% at 11 and 16hr. respectively after hormone administration. Longer exposures to [6-(14)C]orotic acid and [(32)P]phosphate showed that the hormone accelerated the synthesis of mitochondrial, microsomal (or ribosomal) and soluble RNA. The greater part of the labelled nuclear RNA was of the ribosomal type. The hormone-induced increases in the incorporation of radioactive precursors into RNA were not preceded, but followed, by enhanced uptake of the precursor. There was no change, per g. of liver, of DNA, nuclear RNA or soluble RNA, but there was a 40-60% increase in the amount of ribosomal RNA between 35 and 45hr. after a single injection of tri-iodothyronine to thyroidectomized rats. 4. Coinciding with the increase in ribosomal RNA after hormone administration was an increase in the average size and amount of polyribosomes. The newly formed ribonucleoprotein particles, or messenger RNA attached to them, or both, were more firmly bound to microsomal membranes after hormone treatment. 5. Polyuridylic acid caused a bigger stimulation of incorporation of [(14)C]phenyl-alanine by ribonucleoprotein particles, but not by microsomes, from thyroidectomized rats as compared with preparations from normal animals. The response of ribonucleoprotein particles to polyuridylic acid was lowered after tri-iodothyronine treatment of thyroidectomized rats. 6. Actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, puromycin and cycloheximide caused a 70-100% inhibition of the stimulatory effect of l-thyroxine and tri-iodo-l-thyronine on basal metabolic rate and growth rate in both normal and thyroidectomized animals. Administration of actinomycin D also abolished the stimulation of RNA polymerase by tri-iodothyronine. 7. It is concluded that regulation of nuclear and ribosomal RNA synthesis is an essential step leading to the biological action of thyroid hormones and that the formation of new ribosomes is an important aspect of the control of cytoplasmic protein synthesis by these hormones.


Additive effects of thyroid hormone, growth hormone and testosterone on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase in rat-liver nuclei. 1. The stimulations of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in isolated rat-liver nuclei by thyroid hormone, human growth hormone and testosterone are compared. 2. Single or multiple administrations of growth-promoting doses of tri-iodo-l-thyronine, human growth hormone and testosterone stimulate the Mg(2+)-activated RNA-polymerase reaction in nuclei from thyroidectomized, hypophysectomized and castrated rats respectively. The magnitude of stimulation was proportional to the degree of enhancement of liver growth by each hormone. After a single injection, the latent period preceding the stimulation was 1, 2 and 10hr. for growth hormone, testosterone and tri-iodothyronine respectively. The time-course of stimulation of enzyme activity and the synthesis of rapidly labelled nuclear RNA in vivo were also different for each hormone. 3. Growth hormone administration failed to stimulate the Mn(2+)/ammonium sulphate-activated RNA-polymerase reaction. Thyroid hormone and testosterone, however, stimulated it but the effect was less pronounced and occurred several hours later than that observed for the Mg(2+)-activated RNA-polymerase reaction. 4. In combination experiments, hypophysectomized or the thyroidectomized rats were given growth hormone or tri-iodothyronine in a single or repeated doses at levels that produced the maximum stimulation of Mg(2+)-activated RNA-polymerase activity. Taking into account the different latent period for each hormone, a single administration of the second hormone caused an additional stimulation of the enzyme activity. Similar additive effects were observed in thyroidectomized-castrated rats after treatment with tri-iodothyronine and testosterone. The magnitude of the additional stimulation caused by the administration of the second hormone was compatible with the capacity of that hormone to promote liver growth in rats deprived of it. 5. It is concluded that, although these hormones have some similar effects, the regulation of nuclear RNA synthesis may be mediated via different routes for each hormone.


The occurrence and role of alpha-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric  acid in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss).


Phenylalanine toxicity in rats.

Phenylalanine toxicity in rats.


Purification of plant glutamic acid decarboxylase.


A proposed mechanism for the action of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine as an inhibitor of the growth of some ascites cells.


Effect of dietary nitrite on the liver storage of vitamin A in the rat.


The effects of choline deficiency and choline re-feeding upon the metabolism of plasma and liver lipids.


The metabolism of the erythrocyte. XVI. Incorporation of glucose into adenine nucleotides by human and rabbit erythrocytes.


Evidence of a microsomal factor required for in vitro development of pseudo-triptophan synthase activity by extracts of Neurospora crassa.


Pesticide residues--the public analysts' point of view.


Liquefaction of gelatinised starch by wheaten flour.


Some reactions of carbonyl azide: n-azidocarbonylazepine.


The value of primary peroperative cholangiography in diseases of the biliary tract. A 2 year study on operated patients.


Medicostatistical information for the years 1963 and 1964 from Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands.


What every physician should know about medicare.


The philosophy of a program of clinical pastoral education.


One possible approach to the control of drug addiction in Delaware.


Reflections of a country doctor. 3.

Reflections of a country doctor. 3.


Mobile emergency life support and resuscitation system.


Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. CVI. Occurrence of alkyl and aryl rearrangements in the fragmentation of some organic carbonates.


Stability constants of magnesium porphyrin-pyridine complexes. Solvent and substituent effects.


The mitomycin antibiotics. Synthetic studies. XIV. The nenitzescu indole synthesis. Formation of isomeric indoles and reaction mechanism.


Sucrose-14C synthesis in castor bean endosperm tissue. A tracer experiment.


A chemical laboratory safety symposium for high school students.


The pathology of multiple gastric ulceration in the newborn infant.


Inhibition and enhancement of the Landschütz ascites tumour with lymphoid cells.


Quantitative aspects of placental structure.


The fine structure of cerebral fluid accumulation: reactions of ependyma to implantation of cryptococcal polysaccharide.


Potency tests for pertussis vaccines: doubtful value of intracerebral challenge test in mice.


The antimicrobial activity of the stomach contents of suckling rabbits.


Histological and biochemical changes following X-irradiation of exposed liver.


Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant.


Temporary ischaemia of the rat adrenal gland.


The effect of serotonin on the pulmonary arteries of the cat.


Malignant metastasis to the placenta from carcinoma of the breast.


Pyramidal colonies in Serratia organisms isolated from blood and urine.


Review of a case previously reported as showing an ascarid larva in the brain.


Volume distribution curves of erythrocytes obtained by automatic counting.


Acute toxicity of aflatoxin B-1 in guinea-pigs.


Karyorrhectic normoblasts in the livers of newborn childen.


Pancreatitis induced by the graft-versus-host reaction.


Post-mortem prevalence of focal lymphocytic adenitis of the submandibular salivary gland.


Renal angiomyolipomata.

Renal angiomyolipomata.


The nature of some annular inclusions seen under the electron microscope.


On the incidence of discogenic disease (vertebrogenic disorders) with regard to work capacity.


Rate of ethanol combustion, following intravenous administration, in cirrhotic patients.


Distribution volume, plasma and renal clearances of G-penicillin.


Some indicators of the lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus.


Excretion of phenolic amines by patients with cirrhosis of the liver.


Toxic constituents of welding fumes.

Toxic constituents of welding fumes.


A serial study of noise exposure and hearing loss in a group of small and medium size factories.


Noise problems in industry.

Noise problems in industry.


Lead retention by the lungs of lead-exposed workers.


Observations on the excretion rate and concentration of mercury in urine.


Effects of L.S.D.

Effects of L.S.D.


Herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex encephalitis.


Investigating placental structure.

Investigating placental structure.


Oral contraceptives and the liver.

Oral contraceptives and the liver.


Psychological disorders in students.

Psychological disorders in students.


Specializations of the syncytium of the human chorion.


Lung cancer and bronchitis in Northern Ireland, 1960-2.


Gastro-duodenal mucosal prolapse after billroth I gastrectomy.


Osteomalacia in asian immigrants during pregnancy.


Quinidine-induced paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation treated with propranolol.


Unilateral renal vein thrombosis with nephrotic syndrome.


Diseases of the heart and blood-vessels. Recovery after myocardial infarction--2.


Community care for alcoholics and their families.


Safety of oral contraceptives.

Safety of oral contraceptives.


Histological and electron microscopical studies on sexual differences in structure of the corpora allata of the moth of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.


Topographic correlation between the hemato-encephalic barrier and the cholinesterase activity of brain capillaries.


Feeding induced in cats by electrical stimulation of the brain stem.


Pharmacological studies upon spinal presynaptic fibres.


Hypogammaglobulinaemia in children.

Hypogammaglobulinaemia in children.


Hepatomegaly in infancy and childhood: a clinicopathological study of 98 cases.


Magnesium levels in serum and in C.S.F. in common neurological disorders in infants and children.


A comparison of certain aspects of kwashiorkor with those of normal children from the same community.


3rd National Conference of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics.


Radical mechanisms in chromous ion reductions. An improved synthesis of 11-beta-hydroxy steroids.


Microbiological hydroxylation of steroids of unnatural configuration.


Spectroscopic basis of carbonyl photochemistry. I. The role of excited-state geometry in the photodecomposition of formaldehyde.


Transfer of N2 vibrational energy to potassium.


Concept scale interaction in the semantic differential.


The relation of listening and reading comprehension to skill in message structuralization.


Direct assessment of effectiveness of student speakers.


On defining communication: another stab.


Decoder behavior on incongruent political material: a pilot study.


On defining communication: still another view.


Former mental patients and their neighbors: a comparison of performance levels.


Effects of a diabetic child on marital integration and related measures of family funcioning.


Users and non-users of a student psychiatric clinic.


The effect of medical specialization on physicians' attitudes.


Rank order of important variables for patient and staff satisfaction with outpatient service.


Conflict resolution in the mental hospital.


The mental hospital unit system: a critical evaluation and research statement.


Disclosure of terminal illness.

Disclosure of terminal illness.


Public knowledge, opinion and action concerning three public health issues: radioactive fallout, insect and plant sprays and fatty foods.


Patterns of medical care related to mental illness.


Revision of the bat-infesting chiggers of Chiroptella Vercammen-Grandjean (Acarina: Trombiculidae), with descriptions of two new larval species and a nymph.


Notes on neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). V. The species described by G. Enderlein.


Notes on reproductive behavior in the Dermanyssidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata).


A new sea bird tick, Ixodes amersoni, from Phoenix Island (Acarina: Ixodidae).


Effectiveness of hempa as a house fly chemosterilant.


Isolation of two arboviruses from Aedes taeniorhynchus Wiedemann.


A new species of Trombicula s. str. (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent.


A new genus of chigger (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from western Mexico.


Physiological aspects of digestion of the blood meal by Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex fatigans Wiedemann.


Seven new species of chiggers from central India, with a redescription of Leptotrombidium (L.) Pelta (Womersley, 1952) (Acarina: Trombiculidae).


Biological control of muscids as influenced by host preference of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae).


Epizootiology of Trypanosoma cruzi in southwestern North America. 8. Nocturnal flights of Triatoma protracta (Uhler) as indicated by collections at black light traps (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae).


Revision of the macronyssid and laelapid mites of bats: outline of classification with descriptions of new genera and new type species.


Charge-transfer interactions and the polarity at the surface of micelles of long-chain pyridinium iodides.


The specificity of counterion adsorption to micelles of dodecylpyridinium iodide and their critical concentrations.


The measurement of optical flatness.

The measurement of optical flatness.


A new instrument for precision cytophotometry.


X-ray specimen temperature control with gas streams.


A high-speed analogue-to-digital converter.


Computer processing of routine psychiatric records.


From intuition to computation. Development and problems of medical diagnosis.


Estimation of genetic linkage: an outline.


Preliminary studies on a hyphaforming mutant of Cryptococcus neoformans.


A new species of Leptosphaeria, an etiologic agent of mycetoma.


Vascular changes occurring in the cervical musculo-skeletal system.


Congenital absence of ribs.

Congenital absence of ribs.


The excretion of urea by healthy adult Africans consuming low-protein diets.


Duodeno-colic fistulae.

Duodeno-colic fistulae.


Studies on East African snakes. Mode of action of Echis carinatus venom.


Quinacillin. A study of a new penicillin.


Overseas secondment.

Overseas secondment.


The work of WHO in 1965.

The work of WHO in 1965.


Problems of waste disposal.

Problems of waste disposal.


Meeting the threat of cholera.

Meeting the threat of cholera.


Human viral and rickettsial vaccines.

Human viral and rickettsial vaccines.


Coronary arterioplasty in the management of occlusive coronary disease.


Thromboendarterectomy in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusions.


A method for the continuous measurement of net ionic fluxes in gastric pouches.


Intralobar pulmonary sequestration.

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration.


Atypical smooth muscle tumours of the stomach.


Pelvic fractures: associated intestinal and mesenteric lesions.


Malignant transformation of a renal adenoma: report of a case.


Otto pelvis associated with familial degenerative arthrosis of the hip joint.


Dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex: a report of a case.


Intussusception complicating appendectomy: a case report.


Failure of intravenous alcohol in the treatment of experimental pulmonary fat embolism.


Observations on the use of THAM in acute cyanotic cardiac failure.


Occlusion of the right coronary artery in dogs.


Surgical approaches to the anterior elements of the spine: indications and techniques.


Problems of financing emergency hospitals.


Radiation hazards and protection in the medical use of diagnostic x-rays.


Dexamethasone suppression of the plasma corticosterone response to stress in the rat. 1. The effect of dexamethasone on the plasma corticosterone response to heat-immobilization stress was investigated in male and female rats.2. The plasma corticosterone response of control rats to the type of stress described was 64 mug% (+/- 10.5 mug% standard deviation) in males, and 128 mug% in females.3. A straight line relation between the dose of dexamethasone and the log of the plasma corticosterone response was demonstrated in male rats. The slope of the dose-log response line was used to indicate the degree of suppression of the plasma corticosterone response to stress.4. The straight line relation did not hold for female rats, suggesting the presence of an additional factor or factors which influenced the plasma corticosterone levels.5. An exponential relation between the duration of dexamethasone administration and the slope of the dose-log response line was demonstrated, maximum suppression occurring after an infinite period of time. After 30 days, 95% maximum suppression occurred when the plasma corticosterone response was measured 8 hr after dexamethasone administration had ceased.


The dstribution of calcium-47 in the rat. 1. Plasma specific activities were measured at various times after the intravenous injection of calcium-47 in four different age groups of rats.2. The data may be represented as two power functions. The change in power function occurs at a set time which is significantly different in three of the age groups.3. Various bones, muscle and skin all show different uptakes of the calcium-47 and the change in the power function of the plasma data probably represents an equilibrium of the soft tissue calcium.


Methaemoglobinaemia and infantile gastroenteritis.


Transmission from perivascular inhibitory nerves to the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. 1. Membrane potential changes of the smooth muscle cells of the taenia coli were recorded during stimulation of the perivascular inhibitory nerves.2. Some spontaneous action potentials were preceded by a slow pacemaker-like potential. Others began at or near the maximum level of the membrane potential and were not preceded by pacemaker-like potentials.3. There were no changes in the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells when the inhibitory nerves were stimulated with a single pulse. Stimulation at frequencies greater than 5 pulses/sec caused a hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle membrane. This resulted in a decrease in spike frequency and relaxation.4. When the frequency of stimulation of the inhibitory nerves was increased there was an increase in the amplitude and rate of rise of the hyperpolarization and a decrease of the latency. The latency varied from 150 to 300 msec, and the largest hyperpolarization recorded was 16 mV.5. The effect of the hyperpolarization due to nerve stimulation in cells showing pacemaker-like activity was to increase the level of the membrane potential at which the action potentials began and to increase the membrane potential to which the action potentials repolarized. Action potentials which occurred during hyperpolarizations of the membrane had greater rates of rise and fall and larger amplitudes than did the action potentials which occurred before hyperpolarization.6. The effect of the hyperpolarization due to nerve stimulation in cells which did not show pacemaker-like activity depended on the amplitude of the hyperpolarization. Small hyperpolarizations exposed small depolarizations of the membrane which occurred when an action potential would normally have been expected. Large hyperpolarizations blocked the action potentials entirely.7. Action potentials did not begin firing again at the normal rate immediately after stimulation ceased. The time taken for the rate of firing of action potentials to return to normal increased with increasing frequency of stimulation.8. The hyperpolarization in response to perivascular inhibitory nerve stimulation was blocked by guanethidine and bretylium.


P.D.A. with pulmonary hypertension in Singapore.


Somatic sensory cortical projection areas excited y tactile stimulation of the cat: a triple representation. 1. The specific somatic sensory projection from the face to the cerebral cortex of the cat was investigated in two series of experiments. alpha-chloralose and Nembutal were the anaesthetics used.2. Evoked potentials, recorded at the cortical surface, were used in the first series for identifying three discrete projection areas from the face and forelimb. Two of these regions correspond to the established S I and S II projections. The third area, designated S III, was in the dorsal part of the anterior suprasylvian gyrus adjacent to the ansate sulcus.3. Single neurone analysis demonstrated that the cell populations responding to ;tactile' cutaneous stimulation of the face within each of the three specific somatic sensory projection areas had similar static functional properties. Most neurones observed had receptive fields restricted in size and were modality specific. Their receptive fields were mainly contralateral, although some had an ipsilateral extension. Fewer than 10% of cells observed in each specific cortical area were ;non-specific'. Such cells had extensive receptive fields and some of these fired to an auditory stimulus.4. Both field recording and single neurone analysis revealed a somatotopic projection to the S III area as well as to the S I and S II areas.


The maternal and child health services in Singapore.


Treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome with cytotoxic drugs.


Some findings on "cake-money" in Singapore.


Fractures of the clavicle in the children of Singapore.


A study of prolonged obstructive jaundice in infancy in Singapore.


A national ocular tumour registry.

A national ocular tumour registry.


Preliminary experiments on the effect of Persantin on the animal heart.


Cranial and spinal pyogenic disease--with notes on 415 personal cases. II. Aspects of diagnosis and treatment.


The management of tracheo-bronchial injuries.


Ventilatory performance of American physicians.


The significance of minor electrocardiographic T wave changes. A mortality study of 518 applicants for insurance.


Hepatic metastases and portal cirrhosis.


Alterations in human thoracic duct lymph in relation to the function of the pancreas.


Cardiac output, blood pressure and free fatty acid responses to smoking in the nonbasal state.


Atrial septum secundum defects and mitral regurgitation.


Observations on the diuretic activity of antidiuretic hormone.


Anticonvulsant therapy in trigeminal neuralgia.


Pulmonary scans achieved with macroaggregated radioiodinated albumin: use in diagnosis of pulmonary artery agenesis.


Hypophosphatemia in acute alcoholism.

Hypophosphatemia in acute alcoholism.


Fringe benefits from intradermal skin testing of the tuberculin type.


Polymorphous light eruption.

Polymorphous light eruption.


Case report: an analysis of a case of chronic urticaria.


Allergy and dermatology.

Allergy and dermatology.


Rabies in Ontario.

Rabies in Ontario.


A refresher course for public health nurses.


Infant mortality--some possible determinants.


Current trends in British public health.


Problems of communication in modern public health.


An erythrocyte reference for hematological control.


Diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase in some liver diseases.


Multiplicity of leucinamide-splitting enzymes in normal and hepatitis sera.


Improved micro-method for determination of serum bilirubin.


Efficiency of iodide trapping by anion exchange resins.


Serum bile acid levels in pregnancy with pruritus (bile acids and steroids 158).


Acid-base relationships of cerebrospinal fluid and blood in children.


Nature of cholesterol-complexing macromolecular fractions in bile.


Variations of urinary creatinine and its correlation to excretion of indole metabolites in mental patients.


Quantitative analysis of serum lipids with thin-layer chromatography.


An improved acid phosphatase procedure.

An improved acid phosphatase procedure.


Dietitians work with 'Mr. C.' (C is for computer) in planning menus.


A gas chromatographic method for the determination of individual free fatty acids in plasma.


Effective use of hospital dietary labor resources.


Pharmatip quick drug reference for the nurse.


How California hospitals are improving housekeeping productivity.


Is reciprocity good policy?

Is reciprocity good policy?


The public's search for a health care 'champion'.


New focus on the hospital as a health education center.


How to succeed in hospital development.

How to succeed in hospital development.


Office personnel wear 'uniforms' and save money.


Hospital and employees benefit from absenteeism control program.


Why a hospital-based supervisor for construction programs?


Judgments of the relative and absolute acceptability of aircraft noise.


Acoustical description of syllabic nuclei: an interpretation in terms of a dynamic model of articulation.


Shifts in auditory thresholds produced by ipsilateral and contralateral maskers at low-intensity levels.


Lateralization of a weak signal presented with correlated and with uncorrelated noise.


Two-state threshold model and rating-scale experiments.


Some factors affecting the perception of continuity in alternately sounded tone and noise signals.


Input-output characteristics of the lateral-line sense organs of Xenopus laevis.


Masked DL for pitch memory.

Masked DL for pitch memory.


Tolerable limit of loudness: its clinical and physiological significance.


Subharmonic components in cochlear-microphonoic potentials.


Reexamination of a model of the cochlea.


Model of loudness summation applied to impaired ears.


Further results on binaural unmasking and the EC  model.


Autoimmune disease in NZB/BL mice. 3. Induction of membranous glomerulonephritis in young mice by the transplantation of spleen cells from old mice. The transplantation of spleen cells from old NZB/Bl mice with renal disease induced both the structural and the functional changes of membranous glomerulonephritis in young NZB/Bl mice within a few weeks and well in advance of its usual spontaneous occurrence. The development of hypergammaglobulinemia and lymphoid cell hyperplasia in the young mice indicated that immunologically competent cells, derived from either the transplant or the recipient, proliferated during this process. These experiments, together with other findings, provide further support for the view that membranous glomerulonephritis in NZB/Bl mice is produced by immunological, and probably autoimmune, mechanisms and that the renal disease is apparently almost wholly unrelated to the hemolytic process.


Antibody production by cells in tissue culture. I. Morphological evolution of lymph node and spleen cells in culture. An organ culture technique was used to investigate the migration and the morphological evolution of lymphocytes from lymphopoietic tissues. This evolution was compared with the behavior of cells extracted from the tissue and kept in nutritive medium in vitro. It was found that cells were continuously migrating from the fragments of lymph nodes or spleen, and were attaching to the glass. They spread on glass, their protoplasm enlarged and their nucleus became clearer. The evolution towards blastoid cells was identical with that described under artificial stimulation by PHA for example. Cytological identification of the cells actively engaged in antibody synthesis (as detected by local hemolysis in gum) at the time of staining, showed that several distinct cellular types were active, including plasma cells and macrophagelike cells. It is assumed that the stimulated lymphocytes, after spontaneous migration from the tissue are able to evolve into an "immunoblast" stage and then, eventually after fixation upon a physical support, to initiate antibody synthesis.


Influence of lipemic serums of patients with atherosclerosis on tissue cultures of adult human aortas.


Antibody production by cells in tissue culture. II. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of antibody production (local hemolysis in gum) by cells obtained from long term culture. By combining a tissue culture method with the detection of antibody-producing cells by local hemolysis in gum it has been possible to follow the immunological activity of cells from tissue fragments for long period of time. These fragments were obtained from lymph nodes or spleens of rabbits immunized by sheep erythrocytes. It was found that, while the immunological activity of the free cells in suspensions decreased fast and disappeared in a few days, the cells attaching on glass could express their activity for at least 3 wk. It is assumed that these cells are the daughters of cells from the fragments which were not active antibody producers at the beginning, but differentiated, during the culture, into cells endowed with two capacities: glass adherence and antibody synthesis. One can further admit that the type of culture employed exerts a selective pressure favoring formation of antibody-producing cells.


Immunochemical studies on the antigenic determinants required to elicit delayed and immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Hartley and strain 2 guinea pigs were sensitized to chemically defined alpha-DNP(Lys)(n)-BuAm, alpha-DNP(Lys)(n)-, and (Lys)(n)-BuAm peptides and skin tested with individual members of these homologous series, related peptides and hapten-substituted proteins. The immediate skin response (Arthus) could be elicited with hapten-substituted tetra-, penta-, or hexamers, whereas both immediate and delayed skin responses could be provoked by the octamer or nonamer. The hapten is an integral part of the determinant for both immediate and delayed skin reactivity, since poly-L-lysine was unable to elicit either delayed or immediate reactions in sensitized animals. Arthus type cross-reactions occurred only when the sensitizing and test antigen shared a common haptenic determinant. In contrast to this, in this system, delayed type cross-reactions occurred only when the test antigen and the sensitizing antigen contained both a large oligo-L-lysine carrier as well as the same haptenic determinant. These observations imply that the mediation of the delayed response requires a larger determinant than is necessary to elicit the immediate response. The role of high affinity antibody as the mediator of the delayed response is discussed in terms of the size of the antigenic determinants required to elicit this response. It was found that the ability to elicit the delayed response paralleled the immunogenic capacity of these peptides, whereas the immediate response could be elicited by nonimmunogenic peptides. This finding suggests that the delayed response may require the continued biosynthesis of antibody and may be analogous to a local in vivo secondary response.


Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the aortic wall.


Elastin: diminished reactivity with aldehyde reagents in copper deficiency and lathyrism. Elastin fibers in the aortas of control, lathyritic, copper-supplemented, and copper-deficient chicks were examined histochemically and chemically for aldehyde content. Diminished staining for aldehydes was obtained in the fibers from the aortas of lathyritic and copper-deficient chicks. Chemical studies of elastin isolated from the aortas of control and lathyritic chicks showed an apparent loss of lysine residues in control elastin to be associated with an increase in aldehyde content providing evidence that lysine is converted to an aldehyde-containing intermediate during biosynthesis of desmosine and isodesmosine. Approximately 6 aldehyde groups were present for every 1000 amino acids in elastin isolated from the aortas of control animals, while the corresponding number in lathyritic elastin was 4. At least two types of aldehydes, saturated and alpha,beta-unsaturated, appear to be associated with elastin, suggesting the presence of more than one intermediate between lysine and the desmosines.


Geographic pathology of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Coagulation and clot-lysis phenomena in Koreans on a low-fat diet.


Characterization of the renin-antirenin system. Rabbit antibody capable of neutralizing the pressor activity of the enzyme renin, derived from hog kidneys, was characterized with respect to type and capacity to react serologically. Three antirenin antibodies were detected, both a precipitating and nonprecipitating, neutralizing antibody as well as a neutralizing antibody capable of being absorbed by inactivated renin. The precipitating, neutralizing antibody was purified and used successfully in an assay for hog renin by means of a hemagglutination inhibition test. By immunofluorescent methods utilizing the purified antiserum, renin was found to be localized in the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubules and the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole in both hog and dog kidneys.