A possible route to the production of free L-tyrosine O-sulphate by the rat. 1. l-Tyrosylglycine O[(35)S]-sulphate is metabolized by the rat to yield the O[(35)S]-sulphate esters of l-tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. 2. The proportion of the administered peptide which is excreted as l-tyrosine O[(35)S]-sulphate is greater at a higher dose. 3. An enzyme capable of hydrolysing the peptide bond of l-tyrosylglycine O[(35)S]-sulphate to yield l-tyrosine O[(35)S]-sulphate has been detected in rat liver and kidney. 4. The activity of this enzyme is completely inhibited by a large excess of l-tyrosylglycine.


Isolation and characterization of urinary albumin excreted after physical exertion.


Citrate and the conversion of carbohydrate into fat. Citrate cleavage in obesity and lactation. 1. The specific activity of ATP citrate lyase is two to four times as great in livers of mice with hereditary obesity as in livers of their non-obese siblings. The enzyme activity in both types of mice can be reduced by starvation, and can be increased by refeeding starved animals. The specific activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase is approximately the same in both types of mice. 2. ATP citrate lyase of mammary gland of the rat undergoes large increases in activity after the onset of lactation. It declines rapidly upon weaning. 3. The changes in activity of ATP citrate lyase in obesity and lactation are consistent with the hypothesis that the enzyme supplies extramitochondrial acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis.


Studies on glycoproteins. XIV. O-seryl-N-acetylgalactosaminide glycosidase, the enzyme splitting the O-glycosidic linkage between carbohydrate and peptide in ovine submaxillary glycoprotein.


Comparison of histones from avian erythroid tissues by zone electrophoresis.


The content of organic phosphorus in the developing enamel of normal and rachitic rats.


Zonal centrifugation of crude nuclear fractions from rat liver.


Physiological adjustments to prolonged diving in the Pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizii).


Beta-glucuronidase activity in the blood of the mother and the fetus during delivery.


The egg-white proteins of the Adelie penguin.


The effect of potassium ions on resting and action potentials in lepidopteran muscle.


The pathway for anaerobic carbohydrate dissimilation in Hymenolepis diminuta.


A new suction-electrode system.

A new suction-electrode system.


Metabolites of Fungi.

Metabolites of Fungi.


Development of osmotic and ionic regulation in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch.


A comparative study of the amino acid composition of insoluble mitochondrial proteins.


Purification and properties of myokinase from cockroach thoracic muscle mitochondria.


The distribution of dipeptidase activity in the small intestine of the sheep (Ovis aries).


The organic constitution of several benthonic invertebrates from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.


Species differences in the response of amino acid transport to ouabain and a sodium-free medium.


Prevention of catheter fever by the use of furacin urethral inserts.


The effect of calcium ions on the resting and functional potentials of the rat uterus muscle cells in dependence on the sodium ions concentration in the extracellular fluid.


Reactivity of the retinal pigment epithelium: an experimental and histopathologic study.


Yeast growth and glycerol formation.

Yeast growth and glycerol formation.


The influence of pH on the rate of hydrolysis of acidic polysaccharides.


Fatty acid synthesis in human lymphocytes.


Further observations on the biosynthesis of polyamines in regenerating rat liver.


On the synthesis and enzymatic reduction of the coenzyme A-glutathione mixed disulfide.


Adaptation of mammalian cells to cold. 3. Different growth pattern of L and LC cells in culture.


On the primary structure of human fibrinogen. I. Two-dimensional "finger prints" of tryptic digests of sulfitolyzed fibrinogen and fibrin.


The mechanism of clavatol formation in Aspergillus clavatus.


A rearrangement in the pyrrolidine-piperidine series during thermal decomposition of N-alkyl-3-piperidyl phenothiazine-10-carboxylates.


Isolation and identification of the acid-soluble phosphorus compounds of yeast.


Assimilation of radioactive orthophosphate by the yeast Candida utilis at a temperature higher than optimal (45 degree C). Isolation, identification and specific activity of phosphate esters soluble in cold trichloroacetic acid.


On trehalose metabolism in yeast.

On trehalose metabolism in yeast.


Constituents of umbelliferous plants. 8. Coumarins from the root of Seseli libanotis (L.) Koch. The structure of three new coumarins.


Conversion of phytol into dihydrophytol and phytanic acid.


Studies on plasminogen activators. I. Sucrose density gradient distribution of activators from normal and lytic human plasma.


Studies on plasminogen activators. II. A method for the separation of purified urokinase from small samples of urine.


Metabolism of progesterone by Streptomyces griseus.


35S-cystamine as a thiol reagent for the study of oxidative phosphorylation.


The circus maximus medicus.

The circus maximus medicus.


Family psychotherapy--theory and practice.


Interventions in psychotherapy and confrontation technique.


Soka Gakkai: group psychologic study of a new religio-political organization.


Observing group psychotherapy--an affective learning experience.


Child psychotherapy in Britain.

Child psychotherapy in Britain.


Morality and the neurotic patient.

Morality and the neurotic patient.


Degradation of rabbit antibodies with papain in presence of urea.


Preparative electrophoretic separation of rabbit serum proteins and antibodies.


Antibody affinity. I. Studies with a large haptenic group.


The degree of coupling and the immunogenicity of p-azobenzenearsonate conjugates of poly-L-tyrosine.


The possibility of determining the absolute number of hemagglutinating antibody molecules in antisera.


[Studies on the action mechanisms of anabolic steroids. I. Clinico-pharmacological studies on their effects upon the far advanced pulmonary tuberculous patients].


Speaking with the second voice. Evocativeness.


Mumbling. The relationship between a resistance and frustrated auditory curiosity in childhood.


The Jewish orthodox circumcision ceremony. Its meaning from direct study of the rite.


Problems of transference in child analysis.


Severe regressive states during analysis.


Clinical and theoretical aspects of "as if" characters.


Effect of expectancies for social approval on visual behavior.


Personality and speech.

Personality and speech.


Language and cognition in Yucatan. A cross-cultural replication.


Effects of increased incentives upon the use of threat in bargaining.


Studies in forced compliance. I. The effect of pressure for compliance on attitude change produced by face-to-face role playing and anonymous essay writing.


Effects of incentive to perform well, group attraction, and group acceptance on conformity in a judgmental task.


Influence of fantasy ability on attitude change through role playing.


A universal conception of personality structure?


Anticipated effort and subjective probability.


Instrumental affiliative functions of facial and gestural expressions.


Effects of paternal absence on sex-typed behaviors in Negro and white preadolescent males.


The voice as a percept.

The voice as a percept.


Dyadic attraction and orientational consensus.


Oscillations of the corneo-retinal potential in animals.


Neurosis and schizophrenia. 3. Clinical considerations.


The visual distortion test. A study in experimental psychiatry.


Schizophrenia and language. Some formulations based on experience in group therapy.


An unusual audio-motor synesthesia in an adolescent. Significance of this phenomenon in psychoanalytic therapy.


Social factors and chronic schizophrenia. The effect on performance and group cohesiveness.


Homosexuality as part of our aging process.


A method of brief psychotherapy.

A method of brief psychotherapy.


Manipulative suicide.

Manipulative suicide.


Values and value judgment in psychiatry.


Worm into butterfly.

Worm into butterfly.


Selective inhibition of reovirus induced RNA in L cells.


Effect of 5 fluorouracil on the soluble RNA of Trichoderma.


Isolation of rat brain lecithinase-A, specific for the alpha'-position of lecithin.


Requirements for alpha-ketoglutarate, ferrous ion and ascorbate by collagen proline hydroxylase.


Oxygen-18 study of the enzymatic oxidation of cysteamine to hypotaurine.


Release of beta-hydroxybutyric apodehydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria by the action of phospholipase A.


On electrophoretic resolution and densitometric determination of apo-transferrin and iron-bound transferrin.


Aromatic Cotton effects induced by cu(II) coordination.


Mitochondrial DNA from yeast "petite" mutants: specific changes in buoyant density corresponding to different cytoplasmic mutations.


An aspect of antibody heterogeneity suggesting configurational isomerism.


The substitution of alpha-lactalbumin for the B protein of lactose synthetase.


Template activity of 7S RNA isolated from mammalian cells.


A carbohydrate-containing mouse light chain-protein.


Isolation and characterization of two disaccharide-peptides from lysozyme digests of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls.


Induction of K+ transport in isolated heart mitochondria by zinc ions.


Modes of insulin resynthesis in liver.

Modes of insulin resynthesis in liver.


A charge difference between an intracellular and secreted mouse myeloma globulin.


The role of coenzyme Q on glucose oxidation and lipogenesis of rats in vivo and in vitro.


Oxazolinones as enzyme acylating agents.


An isomer of the cyclobutane-type thymine dimer produced in the presence of adenine.


The amino acid sequence of the serine containing murein of Butybacterium Rettgeri.


Extraction of alpha and beta components from insoluble collagen by thiol compounds.


Selective modification of yeast seryl-t-RNA and its effect on the acceptance and binding functions.


Pulsating glucose flux in yeast.

Pulsating glucose flux in yeast.


Computer representation of amino acid analyses.


The stimulation of glycolysis by previous aerobiosis in rat-liver slices. 1. An investigation has been made on the stimulation of the anaerobic glycolysis by rat-liver slices caused by previous incubation in oxygen. 2. The stimulation is sustained partly by endogenous carbohydrates and partly by added glucose. The effect of glucose reaches a maximum at a concentration of 20mm; it is more pronounced when glucose is present in the actual glycolytic phase and not during the aerobic preincubation. The conversion of fructose and pyruvate into lactic acid is not affected by the preincubation in oxygen. 3. The stimulation occurs also when preincubation is carried out in a medium that blocks the action of phosphorylase. 4. Preincubation for 2-3min. at 37 degrees is enough to ensure maximum stimulation. The main effect of the aerobic incubation is on the initial velocity of the anaerobic glycolysis. 5. The stimulation depends on the nutritional state of the animal: it is decreased practically to nil in rats starved overnight. In starved animals glycogen content and basal and stimulated glycolysis decline progressively with the same trend. If starved animals are injected with glucose, liver glycogen concentration increases but basal glycolysis remains at a low level; however, the rate of stimulated glycolysis becomes progressively higher and correlates with the amount of liver glycogen. 6. It is suggested that the aerobic preincubation modifies the factors that regulate glycolysis in liver slices at steps above the level of triose phosphates.


The nature of the collagen defect in lathyrism.


The isolation and properties of delta-tocotrienol from Hevea latex. 1. delta-Tocotrienol (8-methyltocotrienol) was isolated from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. This new member of the tocopherol family is a pale-yellow oil at room temperature. 2. The properties of delta-tocotrienol are very similar to those of delta-tocopherol and the small differences can be explained by the change in side chain. 3. The ultraviolet and infrared spectra of delta-tocotrienol were determined and a conversion factor for use with the Emmerie-Engel reaction was worked out. Details are given for the chromatography of delta-tocotrienol on thin layers (adsorption and partition) and reversed-phase paper, and the nitroso derivatives were formed. 4. An ethyl carbonate ester of delta-tocotrienol was prepared and compared with a similar ester of delta-tocopherol. 5. Hydroxymethylation of delta-tocotrienol followed by reduction gave beta-tocotrienol as a major product.


Amino acid incorporation into the protein of mitochondrial preparations from cerebral cortex and spinal cord. 1. Washed guinea-pig cerebral-cortex mitochondria incorporate [(14)C]leucine into their protein at a rate comparable with the rates reported for liver or heart mitochondria only if the mitochondria are separated from myelin and nerve endings by density-gradient centrifugation. 2. The non-mitochondrial components (myelin and nerve endings) of brain mitochondrial preparations incorporated [(14)C]leucine at a negligible rate. 3. The mitochondria do not require an exogenous supply of energy or a full supply of amino acids to support the process. 4. The incorporation rate was linear up to 2hr. aerobic incubation at 30 degrees and was inhibited by chloramphenicol, only slightly by actinomycin D and not by penicillin or pretreatment with ribonuclease. The observed incorporation is considered to be unlikely to be due to contaminating cytoplasmic ribosomes or bacteria. 5. The process was also studied in mitochondrial preparations from rabbit cerebral cortex and spinal cord.


Sedimentation properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid component of rat-thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein.


The accumulation of bacteriochlorophyll precursors by mutant and wild-type strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 1. Two mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, which are blocked in the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll, accumulate pigments. These have been tentatively identified as magnesium 2,4-divinylphaeoporphyrin a(5) monomethyl ester and the magnesium derivative of 2-devinyl-2-hydroxyethyl-phaeophorbid a, formed by mutant 2/73 and 2/21 respectively. 2. Maximum extracellular production of these pigments occurs when suspensions of the organisms are incubated with low aeration in a growth medium containing iron and supplemented with glycine, succinate, methionine and Tween 80. 3. Concomitant protein synthesis is required for pigment production by the mutants from glycine and succinate but this requirement is less marked when delta-aminolaevulic acid is the substrate. 4. In the absence of Tween 80, a considerable proportion of the total pigment is retained within the cells and appears in the particulate fraction of cell-free extracts. 5. Suspensions of the parent strain containing delta-aminolaevulic acid can be made to accumulate extracellular pigments which are tentatively identified as magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester and the magnesium derivative of 2-devinyl-2-hydroxyethyl-phaeophorbid a. 6. Maximum production occurs with cells incubated photosynthetically after a period of oxygen repression of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis. Formation of the phaeophorbid derivative is enhanced by 8-azaguanine or 5-fluorouracil, or by adenine deficiency in a nutritional mutant; Tween 80 is also needed and iron is essential. 7. Synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll might possibly involve the participation of lipoprotein-bound intermediates, which may be formed at the initial stage of condensation between glycine and succinyl-CoA to give delta-aminolaevulic acid.


Comparative studies of bile salts, myxinol disulphate, the principal bile salt of hagfish (Myxinidae). 1. The principal bile salt, myxinol disulphate, of two hagfish species, Eptatretus stoutii and Myxine glutinosa, has been shown by chemical methods and by optical-rotatory and mass-spectral considerations to be probably the C-3,27-disulphate ester of 3beta,7alpha,16alpha,27-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane. 2. Myxine liver sterols were about half ;free' and half esterified: cholesterol only was identified. 3. The chemical nature of myxinol is what might be expected for the bile alcohol of a very primitive vertebrate.


Nuclear-magnetic-resonance and mass-spectral study of myxinol tetra-acetate. Myxinol tetra-acetate was examined by both nuclear-magnetic-resonance and mass-spectral techniques. The results are compared with corresponding data for 5alpha-ranol tetra-acetate and 5alpha-cyprinol tetra-acetate. The structure deduced for myxinol tetra-acetate, 3beta,7alpha,16alpha,27-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane, is in agreement with that simultaneously arrived at by Haslewood (1966).


Effect of high pressure oxygen on the steady state of cytochromes in rat-liver mitochondria. 1. The split-beam spectrophotometer was used to monitor changes in the steady state of cytochrome c and cytochromes a+a(3) during pressurization in pure oxygen. 2. High-pressure oxygen was found to cause oxidation of cytochrome c in rat-liver mitochondria, and of cytochromes a+a(3) at low pH. 3. No difference in these effects was found when various substrates were metabolized. 4. Lowering of pH markedly potentiated the high-pressure effect on the cytochromes. 5. Increased temperature and pressure hastened the reaction to high-pressure oxygen. 6. The oxidation of the cytochromes occurs on the substrate side of cytochrome c, probably at the dehydrogenase level, and the time-course of the reaction is compared with effects of oxygen toxicity in vivo.


The detection and determination of L-tyrosine O-sulphate in rabbit and other mammalian urine. A sensitive method using the Technicon Amino Acid Autoanalyzer was developed for the determination of l-tyrosine O-sulphate in mammalian urine. Normal rabbit urine was shown to contain a material that has properties identical with l-tyrosine O-sulphate. The material is also a normal constituent of rat, sheep, calf and mouse urine and is excreted by these animals in quantities ranging from 0.1 to 0.8mg./day/kg. body wt.


The effects of sugars on incorporation of [3H)leucine into insulins.


Biochemical studies of toxic agents. The metabolism of 1- and 2-bromopropane in rats. 1. (+)-n-Propylmercapturic acid sulphoxide, i.e. (+)-N-acetyl-S-n-propyl-l-cysteine S-oxide, was prepared as the dicyclohexylammonium salt, (-)-n-propyl-mercapturic acid sulphoxide was prepared as the free acid, and S-isopropyl-l-cysteine and isopropylmercapturic acid were also prepared. 2. The metabolism of 1- and 2-bromopropane was studied by radiochromatographic examination of the urine excreted by rats that had been fed with a diet containing (35)S-labelled yeast and then injected subcutaneously with these compounds. In addition to n-propyl-mercapturic acid and 2-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid, the excretion of which has already been reported, n-propylmercapturic acid sulphoxide was shown to be a metabolite of 1-bromopropane. Sulphur-containing metabolites of 2-bromopropane, if present in the urine at all, were there in very small amounts. 3. n-Propylmercapturic acid and isopropylmercapturic acid were isolated from the urine of rats that had been injected subcutaneously with S-n-propyl-l-cysteine and S-isopropyl-l-cysteine respectively.


Assay of the mycobactins by measurement of the growth of Mycobacterium johnei. A method is described for the assay of mycobactin P and T by turbidimetric measurement of the growth of Mycobacterium johnei. The assay agrees satisfactorily with spectroscopic determination of the iron complexes. The growth curves with mycobactins P and T differ somewhat in form. An approximate ratio of activities has been determined.


Ascorbic acid and aging in the rat. Uptake of ascorbic acid by teeth and concentration of various forms of ascorbic acid in different organs. 1. The uptake of ascorbic acid in vitro by the teeth of rats showed a gradual decrease with age, indicating that the uptake may be related to collagen synthesis as in bone. 2. The concentration of total free ascorbic acid in various organs declined with age, but the rate of decline was different in different organs. In the spleen, however, it increased until maturity and then declined. 3. This decrease may be due to one or both of the following reasons: (a) the permeability of different tissues may decrease at different rates for ascorbic acid, or (b) the requirement for ascorbic acid may decrease at different rates. 4. The bound ascorbic acid declined with age in the skin, kidney, liver and brain after the age of 10-12 weeks, and in the spleen after the age of 26 weeks. 5. The concentration of dehydroascorbic acid and dioxogulonic acid declined with age in the skin.


Comparison of the structure of the immunoglobulins from horse serum. A study of the chemical structure of the horse immunoglobulins IgG and IgA(T) has shown that the amino acid contents of the peptide chains are very similar. These globulins differ most markedly in the products of papain digestion. IgG gives 3.5s products, whereas IgA(T) gives a 5s fraction and smaller components. This difference appears to be associated with the presence of an additional easily reducible disulphide bond in the Fd fragment of the heavy chain. There is two to three times as much carbohydrate in IgA(T) as in IgG. In both, this is in the heavy chain and in IgA(T) more than half is covalently bound to the Fd fragment. The differences in antigenic specificity between horse IgG and IgA(T) appear to be due to structural differences in the Fc fragment.


The identification of the antimicrobial factors of the stomach contents of sucking rabbits. 1. A procedure for the extraction and purification of antimicrobial factors from the stomach contents of sucking rabbits is described. 2. The fatty acid composition of the hydrogenated ;rabbit stomach oil' is given. 3. The most active factors isolated were identified as free n-decanoic acid and n-octanoic acid. 4. The antimicrobial activities of some fatty acids and that of ;rabbit stomach oil' are compared.


The antigen-binding capacity of the peptide chains of horse antibodies. The antigen-binding capacity of the peptide chains of horse anti-(diphtheria toxin) has been studied by using (125)I-labelled toxoid and electrophoresis of antibody-antigen mixtures on cellulose acetate. The heavy chains retained about 20% of the activity of the whole antibody and the light chains less than 5%. Recombination of specific heavy and light chains gave about 60% recovery of activity and recombination of specific heavy chains and non-specific light chains about 40% recovery. It is suggested that these results favour the heavy chain as the major site of the antigen-binding activity.


The alleged absence of ubiquinone from elasmobranchs.


Interference between leucine, isoleucine and valine during intestinal absorption. 1. The reciprocal interference between l-leucine, l-isoleucine and l-valine during absorption was studied in rats both in vivo and with an everted-sac preparation in vitro. 2. After feeding with the amino acids alone there was a considerable increase in their concentration in the intestinal lumen followed by a rapid disappearance, indicating efficient absorption. Absorption was reflected by a high concentration of the respective amino acids in the portal plasma. Isoleucine and valine inhibited the absorption of leucine, and leucine inhibited the absorption of isoleucine and valine. Inhibition of absorption by the interfering amino acid was generally partly overcome after 30-60min., probably through the absorption of the interfering amino acid. At that time the rise in the concentration of the amino acid in portal plasma began. 3. These results were confirmed by experiments in vitro: isoleucine and valine inhibited the absorption rate of leucine, and leucine that of isoleucine and valine. 4. Active absorption of amino acids was rapid at low concentrations and depressed at higher concentrations.


Oxidation of reduced glutathione by subcellular fractions of rat liver. 1. A new method was used to diminish the autoxidation of GSH. 2. The oxidation of GSH by liver homogenates was studied with regard to concentration of homogenate, concentration of GSH, time, pH and anaerobiosis. 3. GSH was oxidized by recombinations of the supernatant with microsomes and with mitochondria. Each fraction alone caused little oxidation. 4. Proteins in the supernatant were required to obtain the effect, and low-molecular-weight compounds in the same fraction increased its effect. 5. GSH diminished the formation of malonaldehyde in homogenates. 6. GSH prevented a stimulating effect of the supernatant on the formation of malonaldehyde in microsomes and in mitochondria. 7. The malonaldehyde formation in microsomes together with the supernatant did not start until the concentration of endogenous low-molecular-weight thiols had decreased to a low level. 8. It is suggested that part of the oxidation of GSH in homogenates is coupled to a mechanism that counteracts the peroxidation of membrane lipids.


Inhibition by L-cystine of the binding of 8-lysine vasopressin by porcine neurophysin.


Fluorescence induction studies in isolated chloroplasts. I. Number of components involved in the reaction and quantum yields.


Fluorescence induction studies in isolated chloroplasts. II. Kinetic analysis of the fluorescence intensity dependence on time.


Properties of some model systems for transcellular active transport.


The role of the nucleus in the circadian rhythms of Acetabularia mediterranea.


Active transport of fluoride by the rat intestine in vitro.


Effects of blocking sulfhydryl groups and of reducing disulfide bonds on the acetylcholine-activated permeability system of the electroplax.


Binding of dyes to polycations. I. Biebrich scarlet and histone interaction parameters.


Optical rotatory dispersion and spectrophotometric studies on fetuin in solutions containing detergent and denaturing reagents.


Dielectric dispersion of G-actin.

Dielectric dispersion of G-actin.


Long-wave absorption and emission bands in chloroplast fragments.


Breakdown of trifluoroacetylated esters of cysteine and hydroxyl amino acids during gas chromatography: effects caused by some polar stationary phases.


Polarimetric studies on the interaction of muscle proteins with ionic detergents.


Evaluation of the extracellular space of tissue slices from steady-state kinetics.


Fluorescence changes in ultraviolet-irradiated muramidase.


The role of mescaline and D-lysergic acid in psychiatric treatment.


D-lysergic acid in the treatment of the biological features of childhood schizophrenia.


Hyperkinetic disease of children: diagnosis and therapy.


Memory loss in the aged.

Memory loss in the aged.


Push-pull psychotherapy.

Push-pull psychotherapy.


Combined use of an anti-depressant with tranquilizer in the management of depression.


Electron microscopic study of the role of lipid micelles in intestinal fat absorption. In vitro micellar solutions of oleic acid, monoolein, and sodium taurocholate were studied electron microscopically. They contained osmiophilic particles 30-200A in diameter. Osmium staining alone was sufficient to demonstrate the particles; lead staining had little effect on their appearance. The intestinal intraluminal contents from rats during the absorption of unsaturated fat also contained osmiophilic particles, 40-200A, and numerous similar particles were found between the microvilli and engaged in the fine filamentous coating of microvilli. In the lumen only, larger emulsion-type droplets were also seen. The small particles were demonstrable in osmium-fixed material, with or without lead stains, and staining with lead only increased contrast of the particles. Spherules measuring about 1000A in diameter with walls about 100A thick were observed in the terminal web during fat absorption, at which time they were slightly larger and more numerous than in fasting rats. It is proposed that during fat absorption micellar particles are engaged in the filamentous material covering the microvilli and then enter the absorptive cell either by molecular diffusion across the plasma membrane or by being incorporated into the walls of thick-coated spherules which then pass into the subapical cytoplasm.


Lipid metabolism in fatty liver of lysine- and threonine-deficient rats. Rats were fed a low protein diet deficient in and supplemented with lysine and threonine. Liver lipids contained more lecithin, sphingomyelin, and free fatty acids, and less amino phospholipids in the deficient rats. No variations in fatty acid composition of choline- and ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were found; only palmitic acid was increased in the serine-containing phospholipids of the deficient animals. The incorporation of acetate-(14)C into phospholipids, but not into other liver lipids, was lower in deficient rats. In the plasma of deficient rats the concentration of esterified fatty acids and phospholipids was lower, of free fatty acids higher, than in the controls. The fatty acid composition of depot fat differed from that of liver neutral fat both in deficient and supplemented animals. The results presented establish that multiple metabolic defects resulting from lysine and threonine deficiency accompany the fatty liver. The design of the experiments does not permit conclusions to be drawn regarding the causal relationship between the various alterations in lipid metabolism and the fatty liver.


Concentration and fatty acid composition of cerebrosides and sulfatides in mature and immature human brain. The fatty acid composition of cerebrosides and sulfatides from frontal lobe gray and white matter was determined for five fresh and four formalinized adult brains and for eight infants. Fatty acid patterns were unaffected by formalinization, but varied considerably from one another in the proportion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. The percentages of 24:0 and 24:1 increased with age. Cerebrosides obtained from areas such as the brainstem and cerebellum, where myelination was more advanced, tended to have a larger proportion of long-chain fatty acids than samples extracted from frontal or parietal lobe white matter. Hydroxy fatty acids showed an adult pattern in all instances in which amounts sufficient for accurate quantification could be isolated. Lipid hexose, cerebroside + sulfatide hexose, and methanoleluted hexose were measured in the brains of 12 infants ranging in age from a 4 month fetus to 2 yr. In the most immature, the majority of lipid hexose was in the form of glycolipids more polar than cerebrosides and sulfatides. These have tentatively been identified as hematosides and globosides. With maturation, cerebrosides and sulfatides increased progressively, but the amounts of the more polar glycolipids remained constant in relation to the total lipid content of tissue.


Influence of diet on the composition of plasma cholesterol esters in man. The effect on the plasma cholesterol esters of diets rich in either carbohydrate, chocolate, or safflower oil was studied sequentially in two men. The changes in the cholesterol esters of the major plasma lipoproteins were studied by measuring (a) the distribution of fatty acids in the esters and (b) the distribution of radioactivity among the esters after the administration of cholesterol-4-(14)C labeled lipoproteins. Similar changes were found in the cholesterol esters of the two major lipoproteins; these changes became apparent within 24 hr after changing diets. Monounsaturated esters predominated with carbohydrate-rich diets. When the chocolate-rich diet was substituted, the proportion of saturated and monounsaturated esters fell and that of cholesteryl linoleate rose. This indicated the utilization of preexisting linoleate in preference to the more saturated fatty acids which abounded in the diet. The substitution of safflower oil led to further increments of cholesteryl linoleate. The possible reasons underlying the preferential incorporation of cholesteryl linoleate in man are discussed.


Purification and characterization of phthalanilide--lipid complexes from tissues. What appears to be a new class of phospholipids has been isolated from dog brain in the form of complexes with a substituted phthalanilide. The complexes were extracted by chloroform-methanol and purified by countercurrent distribution in solvent systems containing water, chloroform, methanol, and Freon 113. The binding of the phthalanilide congener to lipids has some ionic character. Cations such as H(+) or Ca(++) displaced the phthalanilide from its lipid complex. The pH for 50% displacement acid was about 3.8 and was independent of the purity of the complex. Thin-layer chromatography of the lipid yielded four subfractions of lipid, three of which were ninhydrin-positive and all of which yielded a group of unidentified ninhydrin-positive components on hydrolysis. Each lipid subfraction contained nitrogen, phosphorus, fatty acids, and glycerol but in different ratios. Of the known phospholipids containing nitrogen, none matches the composition and behavior of the lipids isolated as phthalanilide complexes. We have therefore concluded that the phthalanilides bind to a new class of phospholipids characterized by a high content of unidentified ninhydrin-positive components.


Characterization of trisubstituted cholanoic acids in human feces. The trisubstituted cholanoic acids in human feces have been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following bile acids have been identified: 3 Beta,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-, 3 Beta,7 Beta,12alpha-trihydroxy-, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-keto-5 Beta-cholanoic acids and 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholanoic acid. The presence in human feces of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-, 3alpha,7,12alpha-trihydroxy-, and 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-keto-5 Beta-cholanoic acids has been confirmed. The composition of bile acids in human feces is summarized and possible metabolic interrelationships suggested.


Two-dimensional chromatography on silica gel-loaded paper for the microanalysis of polar lipids. Two-dimensional chromatography on commercially available silica gel-loaded paper for the microanalysis of polar lipids from various tissues is described. All common phospholipids and their lyso derivatives can be reproducibly separated. As many as 22 lipid components were separated on a single chromatogram. Improved methods for staining lipids and for determining phosphorus in the chromatographic spots are reported.


Carboxylic ester hydrolases of rat pancreatic juice. An attempt was made to establish the number and characteristics of the enzymes in pancreatic juice that hydrolyze nitrogen- and phosphorus-free esters of fatty acids. For this purpose model compounds were hydrolyzed by lyophilized rat pancreatic juice under conditions that accelerated or inhibited the reactions. Although it is not established with certainty, it is suggested that three enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of fatty acid esters. The first enzyme is glycerol-ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.3) or lipase. This enzyme hydrolyzes water-insoluble esters of primary alcohols. The reaction occurs at an oil/water interface and is inhibited by bile salts at pH 8. The enzyme is relatively stable at pH 9, but unstable at pH 4. It has a broad pH optimum between 7.5 and 9.5. The second enzyme hydrolyzes esters of secondary alcohols and of other alcohols as well. It has an absolute requirement for bile salts and has a pH optimum at about 8. The enzyme is unstable in pancreatic juice when maintained at pH 9, probably due to the action of trypsin. It may be identical with sterol-ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). The third enzyme hydrolyzes water-soluble esters. It too has an absolute requirement for bile salts, although a smaller amount is necessary for maximum activity. This enzyme also is unstable at pH 9, but can be differentiated from the preceding enzyme by its stability at pH 4 and its pH optimum of 9.0. Carboxylic-ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.1) is not found in pancreatic juice, although it is present in pancreatic tissue.


Thin-layer electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins. A method is described for semiquantitative study of serum lipoproteins, with particular reference to the very low density fractions involved in transport of triglycerides. Serum samples were subjected to electrophoresis in thin layers of starch granules; lipids were extracted from starch segments and subjected to thin-layer chromatography; lipid fractions were recovered from the adsorbent and quantified colorimetrically. The procedure is applicable to the study of alimentary and endogenous hyperlipidemias in man, and to radioactive tracer experiments. Over-all recoveries of lipids were variable and averaged 81% for cholesterol and 76% for triglycerides.


Purification of lipids from nonlipid contaminants on Sephadex bead columns. A simple, rapid column procedure for the removal of nonlipid contaminants from lipid extracts is described. Lipid P is completely recovered and nonlipids completely removed.


Protein content and osmotic behavior of isolated fat cells. Fat cells isolated by a modification of the method of Rodbell were washed in protein-free buffers, which allowed determination of their protein content. Osmotic behavior and response to norepinephrine and insulin were unimpaired.


Method for collection and determination of 14CO-2 for in vitro metabolic studies. A metabolic flask is described which allows for the rapid and periodic collection of (14)CO(2) in a liquid scintillation counting vial.


Method for recovering sulfolipid from plant lipid extracts. Sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride from plant tissues is recovered in sizeable quantities, free from phospholipids and galactolipids.


Synthesis of long-chain alkyl and alkenyl bromides. Long-chain alkyl and alkenyl bromides are obtained in quantitative yields by the reaction of methane-sulfonates with anhydrous magnesium bromide in absolute ether; cis-trans isomerization of double bonds does not occur.


Simultaneous P32- and C14-labeling of phospholipids by germinating soybeans. Doubly labeled ((32)P and (14)C) phospholipids of high specific activity are obtained by incorporating the labels during germination of soybeans.


Rapid quantitative measurement of lung tissue phospholipids. A rapid procedure for the separation of phospholipids of lung tissue into acidic and nonacidic fractions by means of diethylaminoethyl cellulose acetate microcolumns is described. The fractions are then resolved into individual phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by transmission densitometry.


Simple charring method for determination of lipids. A rapid method is described for charring 5-300 micrograms of lipids (with concentrated sulfuric acid in a test tube) and estimating them with a reproducibility of +/-1%.


Improved conditions for gas--liquid chromatography of triglycerides. Improved conditions for gas-liquid chromatography of triglycerides are reported. Triglycerides of bovine colostrum and rapeseed oil have been analyzed under these conditions.


New solvent systems for thin-layer chromatography of bile acids. A modified thin-layer chromatographic technique separates small amounts of glycochenodeoxycholic from glycodeoxycholic acid and the major taurine conjugates and unconjugated bile acids from one another.


The anovulatory syndrome. Treatment with Clomiphene.


Gangrene of the foot following operation. Lumbar sympathectomy.


Congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic disease. With erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.


Iatrogenic arterial injuries.

Iatrogenic arterial injuries.


Treatment of the anovulatory syndrome.

Treatment of the anovulatory syndrome.


Fracture-trauma conference. Partially healed mandibular fracture.


Neuro-pediatrics conference. Battered child syndrome.


Clinical path conference. Liver and kidney failure in a 45-year-old housewife.


Bleeding problems in leukemia.

Bleeding problems in leukemia.


Antibacterial management of infection due to gram-negative bacilli.


Blockade of norepinephrine-induced lipolysis by isomers of dl-1-(nitrophenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminoethane.


Further studies on the stimulation of L-(14C)-amino acid incorporation with cycloheximide.


Synthesis of ribonucleic acid in L cells during inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide.


The mechanism of the inhibition of aminotransferases by salicylate.


Fluoride inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.


Studies on adenosine deaminase. I. Purification and properties of ox heart adenosine deaminase.


Chemical methylation of synthetic polynucleotides.


The reaction of carbamates with cholinesterase.


The effect of reserpine on growth and catecholamine content of Tetrahymena.


Increased synthesis of norepinephrine in the rat heart on electrical stimulation of the stellate ganglia.


The proportions of different lecithins in the livers of rats deficient in essential fatty acids. 1. Lecithin was prepared from the livers of rats deficient in essential fatty acids and analysed by means of countercurrent distribution. Thin-layer chromatography showed that only lecithin was present. 2. The distributions of phosphorus and the fatty acids at the 3 and 2 positions were determined. 3. It has been shown that 26% of the fatty acids in the 3 position were unsaturated and that most of the Delta(5,8,11)-eicosatrienoic acid and the arachidonic acids occur as the stearoyl or oleoyl lecithins.


The structure of bactoprenol, a lipid formed by lactobacilli from mevalonic acid. 1. The name ;bactoprenol' has been given to the most abundant lipid formed by three species of lactobacilli from mevalonic acid. 2. A method for the preparation of pure bactoprenol is described. 3. The thin-layer chromatographic properties of bactoprenol and of its acetylated and hydrogenated derivatives resembled those of dolichol. 4. Analysis by mass spectrometry and by nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the molecule is formed by condensation of 10 unsaturated isoprene units and 1 saturated isoprene unit. 5. Its molecular weight is 768 and it has 10 double bonds/molecule. 6. Infrared spectroscopy and the uptake of acetyl groups indicated that the molecule contains a hydroxyl group. 7. It is concluded that bactoprenol is a C(55) isoprenoid alcohol.


Some observations on the behaviour of hypothalamic enzymes during the time of blastocyst implantation in the rabbit. 1. Hypothalami from pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits were homogenized in sucrose and separated into fractions by differential and density-gradient centrifugation. 2. The fractions were examined for enzymes capable of inactivating oxytocin. 3. Enzyme activity was detected in the supernatant and one particulate fraction of both pregnant and non-pregnant animals. 4. The specific activity of the enzymes increased during early pregnancy, and coincided with the time of blastocyst spacing and implantation in the uterus.


Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-arginine phosphotransferase from lobster muscle. 1. The amino acid composition of lobster-muscle arginine kinase is given and discussed briefly. 2. The results were used to calculate a partial specific volume of 0.735. 3. The results are compared with the amino acid composition of creatine kinase.


Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-arginine phosphotransferase from lobster muscle. Molecular weight. 1. The molecular weight of arginine kinase from lobster muscle has been determined by three procedures: ultracentrifuge analysis, gel filtration and density-gradient centrifugation. 2. The three methods give similar results and the best estimate of the molecular weight is 37000. 3. The enzyme does not readily show association-dissociation phenomena. 4. The usefulness of density-gradient centrifugation for determinations of molecular weight is briefly discussed.


The fate of di-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (Ionox 22) in the rat. 1. A large proportion of a single oral dose of [(14)C]Ionox 220 to rats is eliminated in 24 days: 89.3-97.4% of the label is excreted in the faeces (much of this is eliminated in the first 4 days after dosage), 1% in the urine and less than 0.1% in the expired gases; 4.06% of (14)C is present in the carcass and viscera after removal of the gut, and most of this is in the fatty tissues. 2. About 87% of (14)C in the faeces is due to unchanged antioxidant, 5% to the quinone methide, 5% to the free acid and 3% to an unidentified polar constituent. Three-fifths of (14)C in the urine is due to 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the remainder to the ester glucuronide. In three individual animals, one-half of (14)C in the bile is due to the free acid, one-quarter to the ester glucuronide and the remainder to unchanged antioxidant, whereas in another all of (14)C in the bile is due to Ionox 220. About 97% of (14)C in the body fat is due to unchanged antioxidant and the remainder to the free acid. 3. Up to 20% of a single oral dose of Ionox 220 is absorbed in rats: 13-14% is metabolized. 3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid accounts for just over 5% of a dose of Ionox 220, 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid for less than 0.4%, the quinone methide for just over 5% and an unidentified compound for less than 3%. 4. The physiological and biochemical implications of ingesting Ionox 220 are discussed.


The role of thiol groups in the structure and mechanism of action of arginine kinase. 1. A detailed study of the reaction of iodoacetamide with arginine kinase has been carried out. 2. The enzyme contains five reactive thiol groups per 37000g. of protein, all of which can be alkylated. 3. Below pH8.5 loss of activity is substantially independent of pH and can be correlated with the alkylation of a single pH-independent thiol. 4. One catalytic site per enzyme molecule is inferred. 5. The progress curves of the alkylation reaction are polyphasic and reveal a pH-and time-dependent sequential release of thiols which is dependent upon the alkylation of the first pH-independent thiol. This is supported by electrophoretic investigations. 6. Comparison of alkylation rate and rate of loss of activity suggests that two thiol groups are not essential for catalytic activity. Variability in enzyme preparations with respect to alkylation rate appears to be associated with these two groups. 7. A complex protection pattern is revealed by the effects of various substrate combinations on rates of alkylation and of loss of activity. It is inferred that two thiol groups participate in conformational changes and nucleotide interactions. 8. Comparison with creatine kinase suggests a fundamentally similar catalytic mechanism, although for arginine kinase certain additional restrictions are necessary because of the protection observed with nucleotide substrates.


Effect of diabetes on the concentration of amino acids in plasma and heart muscle of rats. 1. The effect of three types of diabetes (alloxan, partial pancreatectomy and anti-insulin serum) on the concentrations of individual amino acids in the plasma and heart muscle of rats was studied. 2. Insulin deficiency produced complex alterations in the concentrations of amino acids in plasma and heart muscle; the concentrations of some (alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine) increased, others decreased and a small number were unchanged. The complexity of the results may in part be attributed to the diverse hormonal and metabolic changes that accompany diabetes.


Further studies on the sub-units of alpha-crystallin. 1. A new procedure is described for the purification of alpha-crystallin, including: preparative zone electrophoresis, density-gradient centrifugation and gel filtration. The total amino acid composition of highly purified samples prepared according to this procedure has been determined. 2. Evidence is presented for the presence of intermediates in the urea-induced splitting of alpha-crystallin into sub-units. A possible mechanism for this splitting is proposed. 3. The recombination of sub-units has been studied by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. As judged from these criteria, only a partial recovery of starting material was obtained. 4. The origin of the minor bands in the electrophoretic pattern of alpha-crystallin on 7m-urea-polyacrylamide gel has been investigated. No evidence was found that their presence is due to carbamoylation or sulphide-disulphide interchange. They probably arise from isomerization. 5. The mean molecular weight of the sub-units was calculated to be 24000 (Archibald's method). Determination of the sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium revealed a value of 21000 at the meniscus. Assuming that all sub-units contain one cysteine residue/molecule, 23000 can be derived for the mean molecular weight.


The biochemistry of aromatic amines. 2-Formamido-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate, a metabolite of 2-naphthylamine. 1. 2-Formamido-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate is excreted by dogs and rats dosed with 2-naphthylamine or with 2-amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate and was isolated from dog urine. 2. 2-Formamido-1-naphthol, naphtho[2,1-d]oxazole and N-formyl-2-naphthylhydroxylamine are excreted as (2-formamido-1-naphthyl glucosid)uronic acid. 2-Formamidonaphthalene is converted into conjugates of 2-amino-6-naphthol and 2-amino-8-naphthol, but 2-methylaminonaphthalene is excreted as 2-amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate and its N-methyl and N-formyl derivatives and (2-amino-1-naphthyl glucosid)uronic acid. 3. 2-Methylamino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate is converted into 2-formamido-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate and 2-amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate on charcoal. 2-Amino-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate and formaldehyde react on charcoal to yield 2-methylamino- and 2-formamido-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate. 4. 2-Formamido-1-naphthol, 2-formamido-1-naphthyl hydrogen sulphate, N-formyl-2-naphthylhydroxylamine and N-formyl-2-naphthylhydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid were synthesized.


The fate of acetyl groups derived from glucose in the isolated perfused goat udder. 1. In the isolated perfused goat mammary gland, both glucose and acetate contribute 20-30% of carbon to citrate via acetyl-CoA. 2. Carbon dioxide does not contribute significantly to the formation of acetyl-CoA. 3. ATP citrate lyase, which, in rats, yields acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, is absent from or very low in high-speed supernatant fraction of ruminant tissue. 4. It is reasonable to infer that intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA, to which both glucose and acetate contribute, is separated from extramitochondrial acetyl-CoA to which glucose does not contribute and which is used for fatty acid synthesis.


Cellulases of a marine mollusc, Dolabella sp. 1. A crude cellulase extract was prepared from the hepatopancreas of a marine mollusc, Dolabella sp., and partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation. 2. The optimum pH values of the partially purified preparation were 6.5 and 8.0 for Walseth cellulose and CM-cellulose respectively. It was most stable at pH6.0 and showed moderate thermostability. 3. The partially purified preparation was subjected to starch-zone electrophoresis, and incompletely resolved into several fractions that contained one or more cellulase components of different substrate specificity. 4. Some of these cellulase fractions showed practically no aryl beta-glucosidase activity and hydrolysed aryl beta-cellobioside with difficulty. From substrates such as higher cello-oligosaccharides, cellodextrin, CM-cellulose, Walseth cellulose and cotton fibre, they produced cellobiose as the major and cellotriose as the minor end products, both of which were resistant to further attack by cellulase. 5. From the slope of the curves of viscosity-reducing power for CM-cellulose, the cellulase components from Dolabella were presumed to be of a ;more-random' or a ;less-random' type in the mode of action. 6. In the hepatopancreas of this mollusc, beta-glucosidases were also present, which hydrolysed cellobiose as well as aryl beta-glucosides. The optimum pH values of these enzymes were about 5.5.


Metabolism of D-glucuronolactone in mammalian systems. Inhibitory properties of the products of D-glucuronolactone-dehydrogenase action. 1. d-Glucuronolactone was converted into d-glucaro-(1-->4)-lactone, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, probably via the intermediate d-glucaro-(1-->4)-(6-->3)-dilactone, by a dehydrogenase in human-liver extracts. 2. Similar experiments with mouse-liver extracts appeared to yield only d-glucaric acid or a non-inhibitory lactone. 3. A strong beta-glucuronidase inhibitor was present in mouse liver after the intraperitoneal administration of d-glucuronolactone. 4. d-Glucarodilactone decomposed spontaneously in aqueous solution to give 25% of d-glucaro-(1-->4)-lactone; the percentage conversion was unaffected by human-liver homogenates. but considerably increased by mouse-liver or pig-liver fractions.


Incorporation of [14C] carbon dioxide and [2-14C] mevalonic acid into terpenoids of higher plants during chloroplast development. 1. The incorporation of (14)CO(2) and dl-[2-(14)C]mevalonic acid into various terpenoids in developing chloroplasts in a number of seedlings has been studied. 2. beta-Carotene and phytol (from chlorophyll) tend to be heavily labelled from (14)CO(2), whereas sterols and beta-amyrin are only slightly labelled; with dl-[2-(14)C]mevalonic acid the situation is reversed. 3. The incorporation of (14)CO(2) into terpenoids is dependent on the stage of chloroplast development, whereas that of mevalonic acid is independent of chloroplast development. 4. The uptake of (14)CO(2) into beta-carotene and phytol in mature chloroplasts is very low in monocotyledons but somewhat greater in dicotyledons. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the view that terpenoid biosynthesis in developing chloroplasts is regulated by a combination of enzyme segregation and specific membrane permeability.


The enzymic estimation of glutamate and glutamine. A method of estimating glutamic acid is described, based on its dehydrogenation by glutamate dehydrogenase coupled, by means of N-methylphenazine methosulphate, to the reduction of tetrazolium salts. The method is suitable for the estimation of 0-0.3mumole of glutamic acid. The response is linear, but not stoicheiometric: possible reasons for this are discussed. If suitable precautions are taken, the use of a partially purified preparation of glutaminase makes it possible to estimate glutamine also.


The esterase and depsidase activities of tannase. The esterase and depsidase activities of tannase have been examined by kinetic methods. Although the esterase/depsidase ratio of tannase may be varied by cultural methods and isolation procedures, evidence has been obtained to show that tannase, esterase and depsidase are enzymes with low specificities capable of hydrolysing both esters and depsides of gallic acid.


Some kinetic studies on the mechanism of action of carnitine acetyltransferase. 1. Michaelis constants for substrates of carnitine acetyltransferase have been shown to be independent of the concentration of second substrate present. This applies to the forward reaction between acetyl-l-carnitine and CoASH, and to the back reaction between l-carnitine and acetyl-CoA. 2. Product inhibition of both forward and back reactions has been studied. Evidence has been obtained for independent binding sites for l-carnitine and CoASH. Acetyl groups attached to either substrate occupy overlapping positions in space when the substrates are bound to the enzyme. 3. Possible reaction mechanisms involving the ordered addition of substrates have been excluded by determining kinetic constants in the presence and absence of added product. 4. d-Carnitine and acetyl-d-carnitine have been shown to inhibit competitively with respect to l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine. 5. It is concluded that the mechanism of action of carnitine acetyltransferase involves four binary and two or more ternary enzyme complexes in rapid equilibrium with free substrates, the interconversion of the ternary complexes being the rate-limiting step. The possible intermediate formation of an acetyl-enzyme cannot be excluded, but this could only arise from a ternary complex.


An improved analytical procedure for automatic analysis of amino acids.


Alcohol-dehydrogenase activity of the retina in the normal and dystrophic rat.


Microbial growth on C1 compounds. Incorporation of C1 units into allulose phosphate by extracts of Pseudomonas methanica. 1. Incubation of cell-free extracts of methane- or methanol-grown Pseudomonas methanica with [(14)C]formaldehyde and d-ribose 5-phosphate leads to incorporation of radioactivity into a non-volatile product, which has the chromatographic properties of a phosphorylated compound. 2. Treatment of this reaction product with a phosphatase, followed by chromatography, shows the presence of two compounds whose chromatographic properties are consistent with their being free sugars. 3. The minor component of the dephosphorylated products has been identified as fructose. The major component has been identified as allulose (psicose) on the basis of co-chromatography, co-crystallization of the derived phenylosazone and dinitrophenylosazone with authentic derivatives of allulose and behaviour towards oxidation with bromine water. 4. It is suggested that the bacterial extracts catalyse the condensation of a C(1) unit identical with, or derived from, formaldehyde with ribose 5-phosphate to give allulose 6-phosphate. 5. Testing of hexose phosphates and pentose phosphates as substrates has so far shown the reaction to be specific for ribose 5-phosphate. 6. The condensation reaction is not catalysed by extracts of methanol-grown Pseudomonas AM1. 7. A variant of the pentose phosphate cycle, involving this condensation reaction, is suggested as an explanation for the net synthesis of C(3) compounds from C(1) units by P. methanica.


Studies on the visual pigment and the indicator yellow analogues formed from 5,6-monoepoxyretinal. 1. A new visual pigment has been isolated from retinae of rats maintained on 5,6-monoepoxyretinal for a period of 6 months. 2. Indicator yellow analogues from 5,6-monoepoxyretinal, namely 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenemethylamine and 5,6-monoepoxyretinal oxime, have been prepared in a homogeneous state, the latter being obtained crystalline. 5,6-Monoepoxyretinylidenedimethylammonium iodide has also been prepared. 3. The spectroscopic properties, analytical data and antimony trichloride colour reactions of these indicator yellow analogues confirm their Schiff base structure. 4. The nature of chromogens formed from 5,6-monoepoxyretinylideneamino compounds with antimony trichloride and concentrated sulphuric acid is obscure although the chromogens resemble one another very closely. 5. 5,6-Monoepoxyretinylidenemethylamine and 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenedimethylammonium iodide are very labile, whereas 5,6-monoepoxyretinal oxime is quite stable. 6. Hydrolysis of 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenemethylamine as a function of pH reveals that, though 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenemethylammonium ions are stable, the un-ionized compound readily hydrolyses to 5,6-monoepoxyretinal. This hydrolysis can be prevented by excess of un-ionized methylamine and hastened by formaldehyde. 7. The bathochromic shift in the lambda(max.) of the ;acid form' of 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenemethylamine is due to the formation of its ammonium salt. The spectrum of the ;acid form' is identical with that of 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenedimethylammonium iodide in ethanol. This is also evidence for the quaternary state of the nitrogen atom during the ;acid shift' of 5,6-monoepoxyretinylidenemethylamine. 8. The significance of 5,6-monoepoxyretinal and the corresponding indicator yellow analogues in the formation and properties of a new visual pigment is discussed.


Retinal in the blood and liver of the fowl in relation to sex and maturity. 1. Concentrations of retinal (vitamin A(1) aldehyde) in the plasma and liver of laying hens, mature cockerels, immature pullets and pullets undergoing sexual maturation have been measured. 2. The plasma of laying hens contained about 8mug. of retinal/100ml., about ten times that found in the plasma of mature cockerels and immature pullets. In laying hens that had received large doses of retinyl palmitate 8-4 weeks previously, the mean concentration of retinal was 18.3mug./100ml. of plasma. 3. The appearance of significant amounts of retinal in the plasma of maturing pullets coincided with hypertrophy of the oviduct, increase in concentration of plasma lipid and onset of egg-laying. 4. Retinal was present in the livers of all types of fowl examined and the concentrations, which ranged from 0.2 to 5.8mug./g. wet wt., were highly correlated (r=0.79) with the concentrations of liver retinyl esters, which ranged from 92 to 1530mug./g. wet wt.


The synthesis of amino acids by Methanobacterium omelianskii. 1. Methanobacterium omelianskii was grown on (14)CO(2) and unlabelled ethanol, or on [1-(14)C]- or [2-(14)C]-ethanol and unlabelled carbon dioxide. The cell protein was hydrolysed and certain of the amino acids were isolated and degraded. 2. Carbon from both carbon dioxide and ethanol is used for biosynthesis of amino acids, and in most cases ethanol is incorporated as a C(2) unit. Ethanol carbon atoms and carbon dioxide carbon atoms apparently enter the same range of compounds. Ethanol and carbon dioxide are equally important as sources of cell carbon. 3. The origins of carbon atoms of aspartate, alanine, glycine, serine and threonine are consistent with the synthesis of these amino acids, by pathways known to exist in aerobic organisms, from pyruvate arising by a C(2)+C(1) condensation. The proportion of total radioactivity found in C-1 of lysine, proline, methionine and valine is consistent with synthesis of these amino acids by pathways similar to those found in Escherichia coli. Isoleucine is probably formed by carboxylation of a C(5) precursor formed entirely from ethanol. Glutamate is formed by an unknown pathway.


Observations on the relationship of physical activity to the serum cholesterol concentration of healthy men and cardiac patients.


Acromegaly--hot or cold? Some clinical and metabolic observations.


Social status, physical activity, and coronary proneness.


Conjoint clinic on thrombophlebitis.

Conjoint clinic on thrombophlebitis.


The amino acid composition of algal cell walls.


Interactions of proteins with other polyelectrolytes in a two-phase system containing phenol and aqueous buffers at various pH values. 1. Interactions of proteins with neutral polysaccharides and such polyacids as polygalacturonic acid, chondroitin sulphate, RNA and DNA in a two-phase system composed of phenol and aqueous buffers in the pH range 1.5-10 were studied. 2. Analysis of the products of the interaction was facilitated by the absolute preference of the proteins studied for the phenol-rich phase at all pH values. 3. The polyacids, on the other hand, in the absence of interactions were recovered mainly from the aqueous phases. 4. The interaction, the extent of which was mainly determined by the pH-dependent ionization state of the reacting partners, followed the patterns of antigen-antibody interactions with a well-defined equivalence point (maximum point of precipitation) and with the formation of soluble complexes. 5. The soluble complexes formed below the equivalence point were composed of proteins with small amounts of polyacids attached, and so passed into the phenol-rich phase; those formed above the maximum precipitation point were polyacidic in character and found in the aqueous phases. 6. Glycoproteins, with small amounts of covalently linked sugar residues, passed quantitatively into the phenol-rich phases. 7. The possibilities of developing a method for the analysis of glycoproteins and other applications are discussed.


Flagella-shape mutants in Salmonella.

Flagella-shape mutants in Salmonella.


The morphology of Alcaligenes faecalis bacteriophages.


Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of cytoplasmic proteins of Neurospora crassa.


A conidial actinoplanes isolate from Blelham Tarn.


Aconitase and isocitric dehydrogenases of Aspergillus niger in relation to citric acid production.


Infrared spectra of some sulphate-reducing bacteria.


Behaviour of Paramecium aurelia in solutions of purified and fluorescent labelled tetanus neurotoxin.


The electrophoretic movement of proteins from various Streptomyces species as a taxonomic criterion.


The effect of differential anxiety on verbal performance.


A multipurpose stimulus-programming system.


Role-playing ability and clinical progress in a psychiatric state hospital.


The effect of experimenter-subject relationship upon verbal habits and verbal conditioning.


Diurnal variation of critical flicker frequency.


Reliability of and intercorrelations between Cattell's IPAT anxiety and neuroticism scales.


Variability in maze-path selection by turtle.


Effects of list length and the number of response alternatives in a serially learned paired-associates task.


Word affect and word frequency in written English.


Contextual constraint and retroaction in verbal material.


The affective tone of psychology.

The affective tone of psychology.


The measurement of reactive inhibition in humans.


Pulse rate and light-grid position effects on beta movement.


Formation and maintenance of response hierarchies as functions of relative percentages of occurrence of alternative response members, instructions, and discrimination.


A cognitive theory of motivation for treatment.


Adult status of children with contrasting early life experiences. A follow-up study.


Julie: the treatment of a case of developmental retardation.


Depression: three clinical variations.

Depression: three clinical variations.


Patterns of anger.

Patterns of anger.


A note on trauma, dream, anxiety, and schizophrenia.


Problems of overidealization of the analyst and of analysis. Their manifestations in the transference and countertransference relationship.


Further considerations of the role of transference in latency.


Some comments on the simultaneous analysis of a father and his adolescent son.


Object loss and mourning during adolescence.


Intellectuality. Aspects of its development from the analysis of a precocious four-and-a-half-year-old boy.


The role of sound in the search behavior of a blind infant.


Genital self-discovery during a boy's second year; a follow-up.


Sleep and its disturbances approached developmentally.


An observation and comments on the development of memory.


A diagnostic profile of psychopathology in a latency child.


Comments on some aspects of self and object representation in a group of psychotic children. An application of Anna Freud's diagnostic profile.


Affects in relation to self and object. A model for the derivation of desire, longing, pain, anxiety, humiliation, and shame.


How is mourning possible?

How is mourning possible?


Gastric secretion stimulated by meat extract in man.


Iron metabolism in patients with porta-caval shunts.


Gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.


Clinical findings before and after a graded gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer.


Pancreatic phospholipase A activity in duodenal aspirates. A study in normals and patients with chronic pancreatitis.


The effect of intra-arterial insulin and glucagon on the glucose metabolism of the small intestine in the dog.


Serum lipids after hepatic artery ligation in man.


Synthetic vascular prosthesis for Blalock-Taussig anatomosis.


Repair of venous defect by preserved homoplastic dura mater.


Closure of bronchial stump with polyurethane sponge.


Further studies on the Lp system.

Further studies on the Lp system.


Operative complications of gastroduodenal ulcers.


Demonstration of small amounts of antibodies with a subagglutinating dose of rabbit anti human erythrocyte serum.


Blood factor association.

Blood factor association.


Immunoserologic studies of parent and F1 phytohemagglutinins.


Exchange transport of aldoses in human erythrocytes of different ages.


Studies on agglutination by macromolecular antibodies. II. Agglutination by natural isoantibodies.


An agglutinin from Helix pomatia, which reacts with terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


The morphology of laminae A and A1 of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body of the cat.


Electron microscopic observations on the cytotrophoblast contribution to the syncytium in the human placenta.


Electron microscopy of pigment cells in tail skin of Lacerta vivipara.


On the visual-cell pattern of a homalopsine snake.


The relationship of nucleolar size to protein synthesis in cells of the hair cortex of rats.


Experimental formation of lymphatic nodules in the thymus of guinea-pigs after injection of histamine.


The distribution of nerves, monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase in the skin of cattle.


Observations on the reaction of tubular bone to venous stasis.


The terminal distribution of the hepatic artery with special reference to arterio-portal anastomosis.


A study by means of vascular casts of small vessels related to the mammalian portal vein.


Effects of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and spiramycin on Eimeria tenella in chicks.


Dental caries in the platanistid whale Inia geoffrensis.


Mammaography; clinical status.

Mammaography; clinical status.


Parham bands.

Parham bands.


Pruritus ani; practical viewpoint.

Pruritus ani; practical viewpoint.


Mistakes in homicide investigation.

Mistakes in homicide investigation.


Muscle injuries.

Muscle injuries.


Medical testimony in a nasal polyp operation and meningitis case, showing the direct examination of the defendant otolaryngologist by the plaintiff's lawyer.


The solitary thyroid nodule.

The solitary thyroid nodule.


The chemical composition of microscopic cortical bone structures from immobilized bones in dogs.


The influence of immobilization on the phosphorus uptake in microscopic diaphyseal bone structures in dogs.


Plasma clearance of Sr85 by bone. An attempt to study the rate of blood flow through normal and immobilized bone in dogs.


Coronary angiography during acetylcholine-induced cardiac arrest.


An experimental study of veno-occlusive disease (endophlebitis hepatica obliterans).


Ultrastructural specialization of the initial axon segment of cat lumbar motoneurons. Preliminary observations.


Effect of reserpine treatment on cardiovascular response to hypoxia in dog.


Pressure variations in the upper urinary tract and kidney at total ureteric occlusion.


An experimental method for producing temporary cerebral hypoxia.


Estimation of chromosomal breaks frequencies after occupational exposure to ionizing radiation.


Quasi-steady state in a general enzyme system.


Measles endemicity in insular populations: critical community size and its evolutionary implication.


Is lipid metabolism a fundamental feature in tumour-host relationship?


Significance of the amino acid composition of proteins. 1. Composition of hemoglobins and myoglobins in relation to their structure, function and evolution.


A model for renal-electrolyte regulation.


A possible source of nerve signal distortion arising in pulse rate encoding of signals.


Regulation and synthesis in the living cell. I. Kinetics of ribonucleic acid synthesis.


On the computational solution of an equation arising in chemotherapy using numerical inversion of the Laplace transform.


Regulation and synthesis processes in the living cell. 3. Interrelated operon triggers as elements of the cellular automaton.


The degree of coupling and its relation to efficiency of energy conversion in multiple-flow systems.


A simplified treatment of Spetner's natural selection model.


The pulmonary and pleural lymphatics: a challenge to the thoracic explorer.


Fatal aortic regurgitation following replacement of the mitral and aortic valves. A mechanical complication of double valve replacement.


A reappraisal of nonprosthetic reconstructive surgery for mitral regurgitation based on an analysis of early and late results.


Tolerance of puppies to circulatory arrest during surface-induced hypothermia.


Hyperbaric oxygenation: alterations in cardiac output and regional blood flow.


An anatomical study of the vascularity of the structures surrounding the human internal mammary artery contained in the Sewell pedicle as used for myocardial revascularization.


The effect of beta-propiolactone on the tensile properties of human pericardium.


Successful removal of right atrial myxoma mistaken for liver and pericardial metastases.


Pulmonic stenosis due to compression by sternal chondrosarcoma.


Solitary bronchiolar (alveolar cell) carcinoma of the lung.


Recurrent pulmonary embolism.

Recurrent pulmonary embolism.


Mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia. Report of a case with growth over an eight year period.


Fossil hominid remains from Ubeidiya, Israel.


Nucleic acid synthetic patterns in synchronized mammalian cells.


Secondary clumping effect in human citrated platelet-rich plasma produced by adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline.


Thyrotrophin releasing factor in hypophyseal portal blood.


Mechanism of the cytotoxic action of alkylating agents in mammalian cells and evidence for the removal of alkylated groups from deoxyribonucleic acid.


Ribonucleic acid synthesis in macrophages in relation to the secondary immune response in vitro.


Conversion of phenothiazine derivatives to the corresponding sulphoxides on thin-layer plates.


An earlier phase of the light-evoked electrical response from the pigment epithelium-choroid complex of the eye of the toad.


Turbulent-flow properties of deoxyribonucleic acid solutions.


Incorporation of histamine ribonucleoside into soluble proteins.


Chromogen formation and degradation of N-acetylhexosamines and N-acetylneuraminic acid by barium hydroxide treatment.


Release of peptide chains from rat liver polysomes by the N,N-dimethyl-p-methoxy-L-phenylalanyl analogue of puromycin.


Normal human serum fluoride concentrations.


Effect of anabolic androgens on tissue replacement in the ear of the rabbit.


Effect of insulin on purified creatine phosphokinase.


Optical rotation of irradiated rhodopsin solution.


Antibody production in bursectomized chickens given repeated injections of antigen.


Formation of a phosphonolipid by larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica.


Immunochemical reactions of conalbumin and its metal complexes.


An enrichment method for auxotrophic yeast mutants using the antibiotic 'nystatin'.


Variations in gestation length of mink (Mustela vison).


Translocation of amino acids in sugar beet.


Roles of phosphate and respiration in nuclear damage in irradiated rat thymocytes.


Ascent of calcium in intact and de-rooted bean plants.


Chromosome numbers of some psocid genera (Psocoptera).


Strontium-90 in Finnish and some imported cereals during the harvest period 1963-64.


A neural fat-body sheath in a phytophagous insect (Carausius morosus).


Obstacle detection using ambient or self-generated noise.


X-ray diffraction studies of double helical ribonucleic acid.


Synthesis of excess light chains of gamma globulin by rabbit lymph node cells.


Origin of antibody variation.

Origin of antibody variation.


An estimate of the number of adenosine diphosphate binding sites on human platelets.


Production of hapten-specific delayed sensitivity with low molecular weight conjugates.


5S ribonucleic acid in ribosomes from mammalian tissues.


Swarming of Proteus--a solution to an old problem?


Mechanism of action of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.


Interaction of bubbles and bacteria in the formation of organic aggregates in sea-water.


Infra-red determinaion of the percentage of crystallinity in apatitic calcium phosphates.


A fast-neutron source for radiotherapy.

A fast-neutron source for radiotherapy.


Hormones of the vertebrate host controlling ovarian regression and copulation of the rabbit flea.


Effect of total dose, dose rate and time of irradiation on synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid.


Toxic effects of irradiated foods.

Toxic effects of irradiated foods.


Propylene phenoxetol as a "preservative" for living holothurians.


Successful transplantation of a frog bladder-fluke from one host species to another.


Susceptibility of pigs to infection with Schistosoma haematobium from Egypt.


Rate-determining step in the action of L-amino-acid oxidase.


Copulation of ultra-violet-irradiated and unirradiated Saccharomyces cells of different ploidy.


Metabolic end-products of anaerobic spermatozoan metabolism.


Antibiotic production in the Dacrymycetaceae.


Serum cholesterol levels in alloxan diabetic rats after loading with various alimentary fats.


When recognition is no better than recall.


A two-hour reading course.

A two-hour reading course.


Interference of injected tetra-n-propyl-ammonium bromide with outward sodium ion current in squid giant axons.


Electro-optical interaction in the retina.


Vertical sinusoidal vibration as a psychological stress.


Hypothesis-testing in classification.

Hypothesis-testing in classification.


A tactile Poggendorff illusion.

A tactile Poggendorff illusion.


Movement, adsorption and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil.


Quantitative changes in ribonucleic acids and protein during normal growth of rat placenta.


Pathway and enzymes of conversion of citric acid into acetyl phosphate in animal tissues.


Vertebrate blood oxygen capacity and body weight.


Transmitter release at the squid giant synapse in the presence of tetrodotoxin.


Effect of stimulus design, rotation speed, and exposure on the perception of the spiral after-effect.


Strontium-90 and caesium-137 in precipitation in Finland.


Metabolism of oestrone and oestradiol-17-beta in human liver in vitro.


Dissolution kinetics of hydroxyapatite.

Dissolution kinetics of hydroxyapatite.


Development of the intestinal digestion mechanism of starch as a function of age in rats.


Can research be made productive?

Can research be made productive?


Experimental chimerism in a genetic defect in the house mouse Mus musculus.


Donor haemoglobin in anaemic mice of the W-series transplanted with haematopoietic tissue from an unrelated donor.


Dependence of insulin haemagglutination antibody titres on IgM antibody.


Antifertility action and metabolism of hexamethylphosphoramide.


Contrasting endocrine activities of cis and trans isomers in a series of substituted triphenylethylenes.


Inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine on alterations in electroencephalograms induced by lysergic acid diethylamide in dogs.


Cell transport and the bursa of Fabricius.


Depression of muscle spindle function with vincristine.


Ultrastructure of the base of renal tubule cells of marine teleosts.


Radiochemical degradation of threonine and serine.


The granulomatous lesions of the testicle and epididymis.


"Open-system" psychiatry.

"Open-system" psychiatry.


The changing image of man. A challenge to psychoanalysis. Introduction.


The changing image of human nature. The biological aspect.


The changing image of human nature. The philosophical aspect.


The changing image of human nature. The psychological aspect. Desacralization.


The changing image of human nature. The sociocultural aspect. Future-oriented man.


Emphasis on the healthy aspects of the patient in psychoanalysis. A round table discussion.


Proteins of the nervous system.

Proteins of the nervous system.


The transmission of information and the effect of local feedback in theoretical and neural networks.


Excitability cycle of the visual cortex in normal subjects during psychosensory rest and cardiazolic activation.


The effect of cerebral ischaemia, resulting in loss of EEG, on the acquisition of conditioned reflexes in goats.


Spreading depression in subcortical structures in rabbit.


Potassium, sodium ion estimates in a closed in vivo system using glass electrodes.


Ocular behavior in the chronic 'cerveau isolé' cat.


Regional inhibition of sympathetic tone during shivering and induced muscle contraction.


A pharmacologic and morphologic study on the nature of the dense-core granules present in the presynaptic endings of sympathetic ganglia.


Norepinephrine and DOPA decarboxylase in rat brain following hypothalamic lesions.


Apparent depletion of NE stores after repetitive stimulation of cat colon in presence of phenoxybenzamine.


Association between biochemical and behavioral actions of tricyclic antidepressants.


Evaluation of muscle relaxant drugs by head-drop and by decerebrate rigidity.


Classical and physiologic adaptive conditioned responses to anticholinergic drugs in conscious dogs.


Effects of D-lysergic acid diethylamide and 2-brom-lysergic acid diethylamide on dominance behavior of the rat.


Effect of phenobarbital on cortical after-discharge and overt seizure patterns in the cat.


A comparison of the actions of ergothioneine and chlorpromazine applied to single neurones by two different methods.


Concept identification and utilization among children of different ages.


Children's performance on the intermediate-size transposition problem as a function of two different training procedures.


On the locus of the stimulus familiarization effect in young children.


The strength of non-conservation.

The strength of non-conservation.


Modification of syntactic style.

Modification of syntactic style.


Stimulus properties of reinforcement during extinction of a free operant response.


Effect of similarity upon learning in children.


Taller individuals lose less bone as they grow older.


Disposable catheter needles.

Disposable catheter needles.


Paired-associate learning by young children as functions of initial associative strength and percentage of occurrence of response members.


Visual and tactual identification of form orientation.


Micro-autoradiographic study of the distribution of tritiated sodium diatrizoate in the canine kidney.


Evaluation of photoscanners.

Evaluation of photoscanners.


131-I colloidal albumin as an agent for scanning liver and spleen. An experimental study in animals and man.


Mechanical strain on certain sections of the coronary arteries. A preliminary report.


Appraisal of arteriography in estimating the hemodynamic significance of renal artery stenoses.


Selective nerve root blocking with phenol under myelographic control.


Assay of clotting factors in outdated blood bank plasma and its potenial use for therapy in hemophilia and other hemorrhagic dyscrasias.


Plasmapheresis of the patient as a method for achieving effective levels of plasma coagulation factors using fresh frozen plasma.


Platelet concentrates from acidified plasma: a method of preparation without the use of additives.


Anti-M in neoplastic diseases.

Anti-M in neoplastic diseases.


The seven years itch.

The seven years itch.


The third examples of anti-Do-a.

The third examples of anti-Do-a.


The development and clinical use of Edglugate-MG blood.


Blood group, serum genetic factors, and hemoglobins in Cook Islanders. I. Atiu Island.


The use of ACD blood for extracorporeal circulation.


Selection of "safe" group O blood.

Selection of "safe" group O blood.


Perfusion with blood filtered by exchange resins.


Homologous fresh-frozen plasma as a priming fluid for clinical cardiopulmonary bypass.


Heparinized blood versus ACD blood for cardiopulmonary bypass.


Blood group, serum genetic factors, and hemoglobins in Cook Islanders. II. Rarotonga.


Physiological and pharmacological effects of the addition of buffer.


Red cell changes as observed by a simple method for continuously recording osmotic fragility.


Priming the disk oxygenator with lactated Ringer's solution.


The use of 5 per cent dextrose in 0.2 per cent saline as a priming solution.


Clinical use of dextran-40 in extracorporeal circulation--a summary of 5 years' experience.


Nucleotide pools and [6-14C]orotic acid incorporation in early regenerating rat liver.


Polynucleotide analogues. IX. Polyxanthylic acid.


Purification of episomal DNA with cellulose nitrate membrane filters.


The physical properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid from N4 coliphage.


Intracellular distribution and characterization of yeast RNA.


Biophysical properties of N4 coliphage.

Biophysical properties of N4 coliphage.


Effects of extracorporeal circulation on blood.


Biochemistry of the developing rat brain. 8. Changes in the ribosomal system and nuclear RNA's.


Evidence for intercalation of chloroquine into DNA.


Effects of 2-thiouracil on synthesis of double-stranded turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA in cell-free extracts.


The turnover of ribosomal RNA and soluble RNA in the rabbit uterus.


The interaction of pinacyanol with nucleic acids.


[14C]leucine incorporation into the diabetic rat-adrenal protein: response to insulin.


Interaction of clupeine and DNA.

Interaction of clupeine and DNA.


Inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocytes by antibiotics. 3. Mechanism of action of sparsomycin.


The synthesis of alpha-nucleoside 5'-phosphates and their properties with respect to polynucleotide phosphorylase.


An attempt to study cancer dissemination.


Effects of alkylating agents on thymidine uptake by mouse thymocytes with reference to an in vitro sensitivity test for individual human tumours.


Aldolase isozymes in cancer.

Aldolase isozymes in cancer.


Methotrexate and folic reductase in human cancer.


Use of an indirect antiglobulin consumption test to detect isoantibodies following human cancer cell homotransplants.


Growth rate and radiosensitivity of human tumours. I. Growth rate of human tumours.


Growth rate and radiosensitivity of human tumours. II. Radiosensitivity of human tumours.


A method of glass knife preparation.

A method of glass knife preparation.


Carcinoma of the bladder in women.

Carcinoma of the bladder in women.


Electron-probe microanalysis of horse dentin.


Further improved method for embedding with durcupan.


New embedding with D.E.R. 732 and Epon 812.


Osmium tetroxide fixation for the ultrastructural studies of fungi.


Relations between the electronic structure and auxinic activity of chlorinated benzoic acids.


A mathematical model in graph theory for biological classification.


Models for lipoprotein synthesis.

Models for lipoprotein synthesis.


A model of the regulatory mechanism of cellular multiplication.


Spontaneous auto-immunity: equations for age-specific prevalence and initiation-rates.


Natural selection and human behavior.

Natural selection and human behavior.


A quantitative hypothesis concerning the action of the parathyroid hormone.


Van der Waals-London interactions between stacked purines and pyrimidines.


Antigenic specificity of virus structural components.


On the thickness of lipid membranes.

On the thickness of lipid membranes.


Intramedullary epidermoid cyst. Case presentation and review of the literature.


Chronic cor pulmonale with hyperthyroidism. Problems in diagnosis and therapy.


Indications for modified leukotomy.

Indications for modified leukotomy.


Convulsive therapy in a general hospital.


A present approach to psychotherapy in the general hospital.


Keeping the ulcer patient well.

Keeping the ulcer patient well.


A study on the effect of oestriol succinate on blood coagulation.


Electron microscopic study on the presence of chondriome and Golgi complex in pigeon erythrocyte.


Thrombocytosis with impaired platelet adhesiveness and platelet factor 3 availability.


Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with megaloblastic erythropoiesis.


Intracardiac phonocardiography of the right heart in children.


A correlated morphological and functional study of the effects of actinomycin D on hela cells. II. The selective effects of low concentrations on the rapidly labeled types of RNA separated by column chromatography.


Studies on kidney tubulogenesis. VII. The response of RNA synthesis of mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyme to an inductive stimulus.


Microspectrophotometric observations on erythrocyte development in the chick embryo.


Observations on nucleic acid synthesis in isolated triturus-ectoderm induced by heterogenous inductors.


Studies on kidney tubulogenesis. V. Electron-microscopy of basement membrane formation in vitro.


Cartilage formation from so-called myogenic tissue of chick embryo limb buds.


Studies on kidney tubulogenesis. IV. Lactic dehydrogenase isozymes in the development of mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyme in vitro.


The directional movement of fibroblasts emigrating from cultured explants.


Deformability of murine ascites sarcoma 37 cells.


Serum lipoproteins in primary cell attachment and growth behaviour of cells on glass.


Allogeneic inhibition in vitro.

Allogeneic inhibition in vitro.


Inhibitory effect of lymphocytes on DNA synthesis of target cells in vitro.


Hepatitis associated with ECHO virus, type 6.


Cytodynamics of immune response produced in regional lymph nodes by Salmonella somatic polysaccharide.


Salmonella antigen 12-2: genetics of form variation.


Effect of x-irradiation on the cellular sulphydryl content.


Gas-liquid chromatography of 1,2-diglyceride acetates derived from ox-brain phosphatidyl ethanolamines.


The effect of purified vitamin B 12 binding proteins on the uptake of vitamin B 12 in tissues.


Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria letalis (Herlitz).


Virus-like particles observed in the striated muscles in patients with acroscleroderma.


Observations on patients in a mental hospital in East Africa.


Disease patterns in Middle Africa.

Disease patterns in Middle Africa.


Intracranial space-occupying lesions in African patients at Mulago Hospital, Kampala.


Neurological disease at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. A retrospective study of 75 cases.


Mental illness and Indian hemp in Lagos.


Immunity in bovine trypanosomiasis.

Immunity in bovine trypanosomiasis.


Some red cell enzyme activities in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.


Urinary proteolytic activity following oral streptokinase.


Chromatographic and electrophoretic pattern of lactate and malate dehydrogenase in normal human adult and foetal muscle and in muscle of patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy.


Studies of divers' performance during the SEALAB II project.


The distribution of four enzymes between canine serum and erythrocytes.


The physician as an estimator of hospital stay.


The "feel" of rotary controls: friction and inertia.


Optimum angular accelerations for control of a remote maneuvering unit.


Horizontal versus vertical display of numbers.


Batch vs. sequential displays: effects on human problem solving.


Simple reaction time and response sets.

Simple reaction time and response sets.


The effect of changes in some vehicle handling variables on driver steering performance.


Analysis and performance of triode biased electron gun.


On the secretory granules of the serous cell in the human submandibular gland.


Observation of semiconductor elements using scanning electron microscope.


An electron microscopic study of the human sympathetic ganglion cell. I. Inclusion bodies.


On the ultrastructure of collagen fibrils in the frog skin by means of thin-sectioning method.


Analysis of virus synthesis and virion structure in variants of Friend ascites tumor by combined biological and electron microscope studies.


The fine structure of the palisade-type sensory endings in relation to hair follicles.


Electron microscopic observation of crossed lattices in gold crystal films.


Rebound excitation of the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli after stimulation of intramural inhibitory nerves. 1. A study has been made of the increase in the rate of action potential firing in spontaneously active cells and of the initiation of action potential firing in quiescent cells of the taenia coli after stimulation of the intramural inhibitory nerves.2. In the majority of cells which fired action potentials spontaneously at intervals of about 1 sec, stimulation of the intramural inhibitory nerves with single pulses gave an inhibitory junction potential (I.J.P.) which was followed by action potentials which occurred at intervals as small as 0.5 sec. The increased rate of firing lasted up to 30 sec.3. A small number of cells were either not spontaneously active or only fired action potentials at intervals greater than 5 sec. After stimulation of the intramural inhibitory nerves with either single or repetitive pulses, the quiescent cells gave I.J.P.S which were followed by either a single action potential or a burst of action potentials.4. The rate of firing of action potentials after an I.J.P., and the duration of this enhanced rate of firing increased with an increase in the mean amplitude of the hyperpolarization during the I.J.P. As the amplitude of the I.J.P. increases with an increase in frequency of stimulation of the nerves, the rebound excitation increases with an increase in the frequency of stimulation of the inhibitory nerves.


Transmission from intramural excitatory nerves to the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli. 1. A study has been made of transmission from intramural excitatory nerves to the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli.2. Only ten cells out of eighty gave depolarizing (i.e. excitatory junction potentials, E.J.P.S) on stimulating the intramural nerves, the remaining cells gave hyperpolarizing responses (i.e. inhibitory junction potentials, I.J.P.S). E.J.P.S were recorded in cells which were less than 1 mm away from cells which gave I.J.P.S.3. In some cells stimulation of the intramural nerves with single pulses of maximal strength gave E.J.P.S of about 20 mV amplitude after a latency of 100-200 msec. In quiescent cells these E.J.P.S gave rise to action potentials. Repetitive stimulation above 1 c/s depolarized the membrane for less than about 1 sec, and during the remainder of the stimulation no action potentials fired, even in spontaneous cells.4. In some cells stimulation of the intramural nerves gave an I.J.P. The largest sized I.J.P.S were generally only about half the size of the I.J.P.S recorded in atropinized preparations. The decreased amplitude of the I.J.P.S enabled rebound action potentials to be fired by successive I.J.P.S when the intramural nerves were stimulated at about 1 c/s. At higher frequencies all spontaneous activity was suppressed.5. The effect of neostigmine (10(-9)-10(-7) g/ml.) on the transmission was studied. There was no detectable increase in the number of cells giving E.J.P. responses in the presence of neostigmine.6. The electrophysiological characteristics of intramural excitatory and inhibitory nerve transmission are discussed.


Nerve-mediated excitation of the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum. 1. A study was made of the responses of the isolated taenia of the guinea-pig caecum to stimulation of the intramural nerves.2. Four types of response are described, made up of a contraction and/or a relaxation occurring during stimulation and an after-contraction occurring when stimulation is stopped.3. A delayed relaxation which sometimes occurred at the end of stimulation is also described.4. Atropine usually abolished the contractions occurring during stimulation. After-contractions either appeared or were increased in amplitude in the presence of atropine, and delayed relaxations were abolished.5. The anti-cholinesterase drug neostigmine could convert the response during stimulation from a relaxation to a contraction. After-contractions were often abolished by neostigmine and delayed relaxations appeared.6. It is concluded that the contractions which occurred during stimulation were mediated by cholinergic nerves. The after-contraction appears to be a rebound phenomenon, following the hyperpolarization of the muscle caused by stimulation of the inhibitory nerves. It is suggested that the delayed relaxation is caused by the effects of persisting inhibitory transmitter substance on cells which do not undergo rebound excitation.


Asphyxial potentials of spinal grey matter, and of ventral and dorsal roots. 1. Asphyxial potentials of short latency (from a few to about 10 sec) were recorded with mono- and bipolar electrodes from the cat's spinal cord. Monopolarly, a zone of maximum negativity was found somewhat dorsal of the central canal in the dorsal horn. With bipolar leads potentials of opposite polarity were observed in the dorsal and ventral horns. In the dorsal horn the more ventral electrode tip became negative with respect to the more dorsal one, in the ventral horn the more ventral tip became more positive. In the centre of the cord where the monopolar potential showed a maximum the bipolar potentials were small in either direction, or reversed during asphyxiation.2. These observations can be explained by the development of two independent dipoles of opposite polarity, located in the dorsal and ventral horn respectively, oriented with their negative poles towards the centre of the cord.3. In the ventral as well as in the dorsal root a negativity of a proximal electrode with respect to a more distal one developed during asphyxiation after the same latency as the asphyxial cord potentials. The asphyxial root potentials continued to grow during periods of asphyxiation as long as 30 min, and recovered promptly upon re-oxygenation.4. Ventral and dorsal root potentials were abolished by asphyxiation of the cord for a period of 60 min, 2 weeks previously. This procedure destroys practically all the neurones, but not the dorsal root fibres. The dorsal root potential, but not the ventral one, was abolished by extradural sectioning of the roots, 2 weeks previously.5. The asphyxial ventral and dorsal root potentials were interpreted as the result of depolarization of the intraspinal part of the motoneurones and primary afferent endings respectively, conducted electrotonically along the roots. The short latency of these potentials suggests that an early depolarization of motoneurone, and of the primary afferent end knobs occurs. The latter, which may have some relation to presynaptic inhibition, explains the early failure of synaptic conduction during acute asphyxiation.