Measurement of concentrations of metabolites in adipose tissue and effects of insulin, alloxan-diabetes and adrenaline. 1. Methods are described for the extraction and assay of ATP, ADP, AMP, glucose 6-phosphate, l-glycerol 3-phosphate and citrate in rat epididymal adipose tissue incubated in vitro for 1hr. At this time of incubation rates of glucose uptake and outputs of glycerol, free fatty acids, lactate and pyruvate were shown to be constant. 2. In fat pads incubated in medium containing glucose (3mg./ml.) and albumin (20mg./ml.) the concentrations (in mmumoles/g. wet wt.) were: ATP, 70; ADP, 36; AMP, 9.0; glucose 6-phosphate, 3.0; l-glycerol 3-phosphate, 3.3; citrate, 8.1. 3. The volume of intracellular water calculated from ([(3)H]water space-[(14)C]sorbitol space), ([(14)C]urea space-inulin space) and (weight loss on drying-[(14)C]sorbitol space) was 1.4ml./100g. wet wt. of tissue. The intracellular volume was not changed by insulin, alloxan-diabetes or adrenaline. 4. When compared in terms of mumoles/ml. of intracellular water the concentration of ATP in adipose tissue was less than in heart and diaphragm muscles. The concentrations of ADP and AMP were greater both in absolute terms and relative to ATP. Insulin, alloxan-diabetes and adrenaline had no significant effects on the concentrations of the adenine nucleotides in adipose tissue. 5. The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate was increased by insulin and lowered by alloxan-diabetes and adrenaline. The concentration of l-glycerol 3-phosphate was increased by insulin, unchanged by alloxan-diabetes and lowered by adrenaline. The concentration of citrate was increased by adrenaline and alloxan-diabetes and unchanged by insulin. 6. The effect of glucose concentration in the medium on rates of glucose uptake in adipose tissue from normal rats and alloxan-diabetic rats was investigated. The K(u) of glucose uptake was 29-44mg./100ml. and the V(max.) was 0.77mg./g. wet wt. of tissue/hr. Insulin increased the V(max.) and alloxan-diabetes diminished it, but neither agent significantly altered the K(u). 7. The significance of these results in relation to control of metabolism of adipose tissue is discussed.


Effects of actinomycin D on nucleic acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis during metamorphosis of Tenebrio molitor L. 1. Injection of 0.16mug. of actinomycin D into pupae of the beetle Tenebrio molitor L. results in the development of modified adults in which the head and thorax are essentially adult while the abdomen and wings remain pupal-like. It is suggested that the messenger RNA for the development of head and thorax is present in the animal from the first day of pupation. 2. Injection of 0.16mug. of actinomycin D brings about 51-67% inhibition of labelled uridine incorporation into RNA. 3. When thymus DNA is mixed with actinomycin D before injection into pupae the latter develop into normal adults. This protection does not occur when DNA and actinomycin D are injected separately. 4. The inhibition of incorporation of labelled uridine into RNA by actinomycin is diminished to some extent when DNA and actinomycin D are injected separately and abolished if they are injected together. 5. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D in vitro is fully reversible. DNA or deoxyguanosine can reverse the effect of actinomycin D. 6. Incorporation of labelled glycine into protein is not affected by actinomycin D injection during the first 6 days of pupation. On the seventh day it becomes diminished in control pupae but this effect is prevented by actinomycin D. It is suggested that the template for protein synthesis is stable during the first 6 days of metamorphosis and that on the seventh day there is a qualitative change in the protein synthesized on the template.


Effects of colchicine on nucleic acid metabolism during metamorphosis of Tenebrio molitor L. and in some mammalian tissues. 1. Administration of 10mug. of colchicine/pupa of the beetle Tenebrio molitor L. arrests its differentiation, the pupa remaining alive for 2-3 weeks. 2. The same concentration of colchicine inhibits DNA synthesis and stimulates RNA synthesis (as shown by incorporation into the nucleic acids of labelled adenine, labelled uridine and labelled thymidine). The effects of colchicine on nucleic acid metabolism are first detected 3 days after its administration to first-day pupae. 3. No effects of colchicine are seen on [1-(14)C]glycine incorporation into protein in vivo. 4. Relatively high concentrations of colchicine (e.g. 10mm) suppress incorporation of [8-(14)C]adenine into RNA in dorsal abdominal wall in vitro. Such concentrations have no effect on its incorporation into acid-soluble nucleotides. 5. Colchicine (1mm) suppresses incorporation of [8-(14)C]adenine into DNA to a greater extent than into RNA in various mammalian tissues in vitro (e.g. rat spleen, regenerating rat liver, rat embryo, guinea-pig intestinal mucosa, Ehrlich ascites cells). Colchicine (1mm) has no effect on the rate of respiration of, or on incorporation of radioactivity into acid-soluble nucleotides in, the mammalian tissues tested. 6. Further evidence indicates complex-formation between colchicine and DNA, and it is suggested that the effect of colchicine in suppressing DNA synthesis is due to its combination with the DNA primer (template).


The isolation of L(+)-methionine sulphoxide from the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen. 1. l(+)-Methionine sulphoxide has been isolated for the first time from a natural source, the blowfly Phormia regina. 2. The natural compound is shown to be identical with the synthetic by a number of criteria, including optical rotatory dispersion and infrared spectrum. 3. The methionine sulphoxide occurs in only a small concentration in the late larval and early pupal stages of the blowfly, but the titre increases rapidly in the later pupal stage and remains at a high level during the adult stage.


Components of the cell wall of Clostridium welchii (type A). 1. The cell wall of Clostridium welchii (type A) contains alanine, 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, glucosamine, muramic acid, galactosamine, mannosamine, ethanolamine, rhamnose, galactose and phosphorus. 2. Heating with formamide at 150 degrees resolved the wall into a formamide-soluble polysaccharide fraction and a formamide-insoluble mucopeptide fraction. 3. The formamide-soluble fraction contained two components: an electrophoretically neutral polysaccharide made up of galactose, rhamnose, galactosamine and phosphorus and an electrophoretically acidic polymer containing mannosamine, ethanolamine and phosphorus. 4. The formamide-insoluble residue has been digested by lysozyme to give soluble fragments of high molecular weight. 5. All fractions contain an unknown ethyl acetate-extractable substance that can be oxidized by sodium metaperiodate. 6. The amino acid compositions of the fragments produced by lysozyme are compatible with a mucopeptide structure which has cross bridges containing all of the constituent amino acids.


A radiochemical method for the estimation of choline acetyltransferase. 1. A radiochemical method for the estimation of choline acetyltransferase (choline acetylase) has been devised which involves the formation of labelled acetylcholine from labelled acetate. 2. [1-(14)C]Acetate and coenzyme A are pre-incubated in the presence of non-rate-limiting concentrations of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase to give [1-(14)C]acetyl-coenzyme A, which then reacts with choline in the presence of the acetyltransferase to give [(14)C]acetylcholine. 3. Any [(14)C]-acetyl-coenzyme A remaining at the end of the reaction is destroyed by the addition of excess of hydroxylamine, and [(14)C]acetylcholine is freed from other labelled compounds by precipitation with sodium tetraphenylborate (Kalignost). 4. The washed precipitate is dissolved in acetonitrile-benzyl alcohol and estimated by scintillation counting. 5. Advantages over other methods are discussed.


The effect of proflavine on HeLa cells.

The effect of proflavine on HeLa cells. 1. The effect of proflavine on the metabolism of RNA, DNA and protein of HeLa cells was studied. 2. The synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein was progressively inhibited by concentrations of proflavine up to 43mum. 3. There was no simple relationship between the degrees of inhibition of synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein by increasing concentrations of proflavine: the synthesis of RNA was most readily inhibited, and the synthesis of protein was relatively insensitive. 4. A concentration of 22mum-proflavine inhibited synthesis of RNA and DNA and caused a progressive loss of RNA from both nucleus and cytoplasm without any accompanying loss of DNA or dry weight from the cells. 5. The rapidly labelled RNA in the nucleus was preferentially degraded and was not transferred in a stable form to the cytoplasm.


Measurement of the affinity and phosphorylation constants governing irreversible inhibition of cholinesterases by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate. 1. A procedure is described for determining the affinity constant K(a) and the phosphorylation constant k(p) for the inhibition by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and serum cholinesterase. The procedure depends on the use of a specially designed reaction vessel with which incubation times as short as 1.2sec. could be obtained at any convenient temperature. 2. The K(a) of acetylcholinesterase decreased from 1.58 (+/-0.22)x10(-3)m at 5 degrees to 1.17 (+/-0.10)x10(-3)m at 25 degrees and the associated change in enthalpy was 2980 cal. 3. The k(p) of acetylcholinesterase increased from 11.9 (+/-0.7)min.(-1) at 5 degrees to 40.7 (+/-1.4)min.(-1) at 25 degrees , indicating an activational energy of 9600 cal. The change in entropy associated with K(a) was 23.5 cal. degree(-1) at 25 degrees . 4. At 5 degrees , the K(a) and k(p) of serum cholinesterase were 9.95 (+/-1.10)x10(-6)m and 11.2 (+/-0.63)min.(-1) respectively. 5. The 150-fold difference in the inhibitory power of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate for the two cholinesterases was attributed entirely to differences in affinity.


The effect of normal development and of severe undernutrition on some minor components of cortical bone. 1. The amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium and citric acid in the bones of undernourished pigs 1 year old were compared with the amounts in the bones of smaller newborn animals, normal animals of the same weight aged 4 weeks and of the same age weighing 170kg. 2. The differences that were found between 4 weeks and 1 year of age in the normal animals were expected as effects of aging. However, between birth and 4 weeks of age the changes in composition were in the opposite direction to those between 4 weeks and 1 year. 3. Undernutrition produced a bone that resembled chemically that of an animal 1 year old.


The effect of normal development and of undernutrition on the exchange of[32P]orthophosphate with bone powder in vitro. 1. The effect of age and undernutrition on the exchange of phosphate in the cortical bone powder of pigs with [(32)P]orthophosphate was investigated in vitro. 2. The extent of exchange fell steadily from birth to old age. 3. The bones of animals undernourished for 1 year behaved like those of animals 3(1/2) years old.


Lysosomal hydrolases in calf thyroid.

Lysosomal hydrolases in calf thyroid. 1. Two acid phosphatases (beta-glycerophosphatase and phenylphosphatase), acid beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin were demonstrated in the 0.25m-sucrose homogenates from whole calf thyroid tissue and from isolated calf thyroid cells. 2. The main kinetic characters of these enzymes were studied. 3. All these acid hydrolases are partially sedimentable and display a latency that is unmasked by treatment with Triton X-100 and on dilution in hypo-osmotic media. It is concluded that these acid hydrolases belong to the lysosomes.


The nucleic acids of Drosophila melanogaster. 1. Nucleic acids of whole Drosophila adults were prepared in good yield and substantially free from impurities by new modifications of the phenol method. 2. The average molar base compositions of the DNA (41% of guanine+cytosine) and transfer RNA (60% of guanine+cytosine) resemble those of mammalian nucleic acids; the ribosomal RNA has a DNA-like molar base composition (43% of guanine+cytosine), and it is considered that this is reflected in the lower stability of its secondary structure compared with mammalian ribosomal RNA. 3. The two main ribosomal forms were separated and average base compositions and sedimentation values determined.


A continuous fermentation technique for studying the kinetics of sugar uptake by baker's yeast. 1. Solutions of glucose, maltose or other sugars were pumped at controlled rates into a yeast suspension and the extracellular sugar concentration was determined. The technique was especially suitable for studying the kinetics of fermentation at low rates of sugar utilization. At high rates the fermentation system was unstable. 2. Glucose fermentation was fitted by a model in which a diffusion barrier with first-order kinetics is interposed between the environment and the site of hexokinase. 3. Aerobic conditions affected the fermentation enzyme system but not the diffusion mechanism. 4. The kinetics of maltose fermentation at low rates approximated to those of the hydrolysis of maltose by the enzyme maltase, as studied in suspensions of broken cells.


Effects of pancreozymin, urecholine and actinomycin D on the metabolism of ribonucleic acid by canine pancreas. 1. Canine pancreas slices were incubated with [6-(14)C]orotic acid and the rate of its incorporation into RNA was measured. RNA was fractionated by shaking homogenates with phenol at 2 degrees , 50 degrees , 65 degrees and 80 degrees . Cytoplasmic RNA was extracted at the lowest temperature and nuclear RNA at the higher temperatures. The samples were centrifuged through sucrose gradients and the E(260) and (14)C-sedimentation patterns determined. Incorporation of orotic acid was very rapid into cytoplasmic 4s RNA. This probably represents end-group turnover. No incorporation into cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA was observed. 2. The nuclear 50 degrees -RNA exhibited two E(260) peaks, at 18s and 28s. This portion of the sample contained but moderate amounts of [(14)C]RNA. The highly labelled material had sedimentation coefficients in the range 35-50s. The nuclear 65 degrees -RNA showed an E(260) peak at 16s. The [(14)C]RNA peak occurred at 25-35s and this portion demonstrated the highest specific activity of any RNA fraction. 3. The 50 degrees -RNA, 65 degrees -RNA and 80 degrees -RNA were hydrolysed and their base compositions were determined. All three samples possess a ribosomal type of composition (G+C)/(A+U)=(1.4-1.7). For this reason they are considered to contain ribosomal precursor RNA as their major constituent. 4. Actinomycin D (0.5mug./ml.) in the incubation medium inhibited incorporation of orotic acid into both nuclear fractions but not into 4s RNA. 5. The cholinergic drug Urecholine inhibited incorporation into the heavy, high-specific-activity portions of the nuclear fractions but did not inhibit incorporation into the ribosomal precursor type of nuclear RNA. A similar result was also obtained with the hormone pancreozymin. Moderate inhibition of incorporation of orotic acid into 4s RNA likewise resulted from the presence of the drug and the hormone.


IUPAC--IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. Abbreviated designation of amino acid derivatives and peptides. Tentative Rules.


A new N-terminal blocking group involving a Schiff base in hemoglobin AIc.


Factors influencing the rate of "aging" of a series of alkyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterases. 1. The progressive development of resistance to reactivation by an oxime (;aging') shown by a series of alkyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterases is slow when the alkyl group is a primary alcohol, whether or not the carbon chain is branched, but is much more rapid if the alkyl group is a secondary or cyclic alcohol. 2. Aging is accelerated by increase of temperature or decrease of pH. 3. Aging is inhibited by the quaternary amine N-methylpyridinium iodide. 4. The results are discussed in relation to the role played by aging in the therapy of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds.


The absolute configuration of homocitric acid (2-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid), an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis.


Countercurrent distribution of phosvitin.


The in vitro biosynthesis of hemoglobin AIc.


Side-chain Cotton effects of ribonuclease.


Spectrographic and chromatographic resolution of metalloproteins in human serum.


Intramolecular interactions in flavin nucleotides.


The significance of the "partial specific volume" obtained from sedimentation data.


A kinetic study of the reactions of amino acids and peptides with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.


Heterogeneity of amino groups in proteins. I. Human serum albumin.


Limited subtilisin-catalyzed hydrolysis of bovine plasma albumin. Isolation and partial characterization of products.


On the similarity of plant and animal histones.


Primary structure of the cytochrome c from the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina.


N-terminal sequence of actin.

N-terminal sequence of actin.


The role of hydrophobic bonding in the binding of organic compounds by bovine hemoglobin.


Binding of large organic anions and neutral molecules by native bovine serum albumin.


Specific anion binding to fructose diphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle.


Chromatographic analysis of the activation of human prothrombin with human thrombokinase.


Glutamate biosynthesis in Acetobacter suboxydans. VI. Formation from acetate plus pyruvate.


Studies on the structure of 27S thyroid iodoprotein.


Studies of the effect of proteolytic enzymes on ribosomes and polysomes from reticulocytes and rat liver.


Tryptophan: a feedback activator for chorismate mutase from Neurospora.


Ultracentrifuge studies with absorption optics. IV. Molecular weight determinations at the microgram level.


The secondary structure of polyadenylic acid Inferences from its reaction with formaldehyde.


Studies on some interactions and reactions of oligonucleotides in aqueous solution.


Phenolic hydroxyl ionization in stem bromelain.


Peptide cross-links in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans studied with specific endopeptidases from Streptomyces albus G.


Metabolic effects of hypoglycin and methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid.


Absorption of sterols by intestinal slices in vitro.


Phase distribution of sterols: studies by gel filtration.


Transport of cholesterol during phosphatide-induced hypercholesterolemia.


Inhibition of intestinal protein synthesis and lipid transport by ethionine.


The effect of anesthesia on the fate of injected free fatty acid.


Rat liver triglyceride lipase.

Rat liver triglyceride lipase.


Kinetics of[1-14C]palmitate uptake and incorporation into lipid fractions of liver slices.


Methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid, a metabolite of hypoglycin.


Molecular aggregation in aqueous dispersions of phosphatidyl and lysophosphatidyl cholines.


Phytol metabolism in the bovine.

Phytol metabolism in the bovine.


Fatty acid distribution of triglycerides determined by deacylation with methyl magnesium bromide.


Toxohormone in bacteria-free tumors.

Toxohormone in bacteria-free tumors.


The effect of chain length on the activation and subsequent incorporation of fatty acids into glycerides by the small intestinal mucosa.


Lingcod muscle guanine deaminase.

Lingcod muscle guanine deaminase.


Purification and properties of an inducible beta-glucosidase of Bakers' yeast.


The synthesis of cholesterol glucopyranosiduronate.


The analysis of neutral glycoses in biological materials by gas-liquid partition chromatography.


Potassium stimulation of oxidation and phosphorylation in pigeon-muscle mitochondria.


Heterogeneity of insulin. I. Isolation of a chromatographically purified, high-potency insulin and some of its properties.


Steroids and steroidases. II. A general gas-liquid chromatographic assay for steroidases and its application to the C-1,2-dehydrogenase of Bacillus sphaericus.


Sterols in Irish moss (Chondrus crispus).


Peripheral interconversion of phenolic steroids in the human.


Phospholipids. 3. Supplementary data on the correlation of chemical structure with thromboplastic activity.


Neonatal convulsions and their relation to epilepsy in early childhood.


Separation and properties of pig-serum lipoproteins.


Pilot study of reading problems in cerebral palsied adults.


'Spastics' in water.

'Spastics' in water.


A clinical approach in the problem of the backward child.


Genetics of cleft lip and palate.

Genetics of cleft lip and palate.


Brain tumours in infancy and childhood.

Brain tumours in infancy and childhood.


The influence of social conditions on growth and development.


Ceruloplasmin in human semen.

Ceruloplasmin in human semen.


Relative velocity of the division cycle in sister cells.


Difference in the action of acriflavine and hydroxyurea on synthesis of macromolecules in a mammalian cell system in vitro.


Influence of serotonin on the radiation sensitivity of lactate dehydrogenase.


Biliary pigment changes during sedormid and allylisopropylacetamide (aia) administration.


Microbiological oxidation of fusidic acid.


The uptake by skeletal muscle of tritium labeled decamethonium and dimethyltubocurarine.


Enhanced urea excretion, probably by forming inclusion compound with lutidine.


Stability of the colloidal chromic radiophosphate (32P) to the isotopic exchange.


Effect of growth hormone and prolactin on mouse transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma.


Action of beta-receptor blocking sympatholytics and of catecholamine depleting agents on CaCl2-induced arrhythmias in rats.


Tetracycline toxicity.

Tetracycline toxicity.


Mutual replaceability of amide and ester groups in biologically active peptides and depsipeptides.


Increased level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid from infantile hydrocephalus.


Evidence for early anoxic-ischaemic cell damage in the rat brain.


Triglyceride behaviour in liver and serum of rabbits treated with diphtheria toxin.


The influence of the thymus on radiogold clearance.


Growth of Aedes aegypti embryonic cells and tissues in vitro.


Tip potentials in microelectrodes filled by boiling under reduced pressure.


Blood groups in longhorn cattle.

Blood groups in longhorn cattle.


The quantitative analysis of threshold characters using asymmetry: a study of the witty character in Drosophila melanogaster.


A cis-trans position effect at the A locus of the house mouse.


Effect of sex transformation genes on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster.


A cytoplasmic variant of Neurospora crassa.


A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. I. The number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura.


A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura.


Comparison of selection responses on body weight under divergent larval density conditions in Drosophila pseudoobscura.


Genotype-sex interaction and the genetic correlation between the sexes for body weight in Mus musculus.


On the redundancy of DNA complementary to amino acid tranfer RNA and its absence from the nucleolar organizer region of Drosophila melanogaster.


Genetic control of the uptake of amino acids in Neurospora.


Further evidence demonstrating germinal selection in early premeiotic germ cells of Drosophila males.


Appendix: an approximate confidence interval for the ratio of two corrected rates.


An investigation of the interactions that occur between I2 radionuclides and an iron oxide aerosol in the respirable size range.


Hazard from highly ionizing radiation in space.


Some aspects of the public health hazard associated with the storage or disposal of glasses incorporating highly active fission product wastes.


Estimates of biospheric contamination and radiation dose from fallout for all the pre-treaty tests of nuclear weapons.


137Cs and 90Sr levels in diet and urine of an Italian children's community.


Physical and radiochemical properties of fallout particles.


Health hazards associated with the fabrication of plutonium--aluminum fuel elements.


A case of accidental inhalation of actinium-227.


Modification of the Eberline PAC-3G and FM-3G survey meters to detect low-energy beta activity.


The application of solid-state nuclear track detectors to the Hurst threshold detector system.


Determination of fast neutron flux densities by the activation of phosphorus compounds.


Hazards of flight in the supersonic transport.


Some health physics implications in the choice of radioactive tracers for hydrological investigations.


Starch disappearance from different segments of the digestive tract of steers.


Protein and energy requirements of lambs, weaned at six to eight weeks of age as determined by growth and digestion studies.


Selenium and weaning weights of cattle and sheep.


Effects of water restriction on nitrogen retention and carcass composition of pigs.


Carbohydrate assimilation and utilization by newborn pigs.


Addition of branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids to purified lamb diets and effects on utilization of certain dietary components.


Effects of defaunation on feed digestibility rumen metabolism and blood metabolites.


Tryptophan requirement of early-weaned pigs from three to seven weeks of age.


Effect of lysine, methionine and tryptophan supplementation upon nitrogen retention of barrows.


Feed intake and salivary secretion by steers.


Effects of exogenous progestogens on reproductive phenomena in mares.


The criterion problem in short-term memory.


Effect of change in sequential visual stimuli on GSR adaptation.


Discriminability of association value in recognition memory.


Levels and sources of vitamin D for pigs fed diets containing varying quantities of calcium.


Perceived depth as a function of relative height under three background conditions.


Response units in the prediction of simple event patterns.


Changes within and over repeated sessions in criterion and effective sensitivity in an auditory vigilance task.


Conservatism in a simple probability inference task.


Acquisition and extinction under single alternation and random partial-reinforcement conditions with a 24-hour intertrial interval.


Acquisition and retention in short-term memory.


Run structure and probability learning: disproof of Restle's model.


Conflict as a function of food-deprivation time during approach training, avoidance training, and conflict tests.


Inferences on the basis of conditionally nonindependent data.


Stimulus specificity: nonreward.

Stimulus specificity: nonreward.


Inverse forgetting in short-term memory.


Search-discrimination time and the applicability of information theory.


Intradimensional and extradimensional shifts as a function of amount of training and similarity between training and shift stimuli.


Mediation and interference in verbal chaining.


Effects of awareness and threat of shock on verbal conditioning.


Arousal, adaptation level, and accentuation of judgment.


Oculomotor patterns during the solution of visually displayed anagrams.


Feedback and the delay-retention effect.


Trial-by-trial analysis of processes in simple and disjunctive concept-attainment tasks.


Accuracy of absolute visual distance and size estimation in space as a function of stereopsis and motion parallax.


List differentiation and distributed practice.


The distribution of acoustic energy within the cochlea.


Visual hemifield differences as conflicts in direction of reading.


Blood thyroxine degradation rate of cattle as influenced by temperature and feed intake.


Subcellular distribution of (lysosomal enzymes) in guinea pig small intestine.


Effect of an Aspergillus enzyme on platelet aggregation in humans.


Origin of the adrenergic innervation to the female genital tract of the rabbit.


Ionic influences on rat superior cervical ganglion phospholipid metabolism.


Synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid from a pool of glutamic acid in brain after decapitation.


The inhibitory action of cystathionine.

The inhibitory action of cystathionine.


Kinetics and mechanism of albumin denaturation.


Ionic complexes of thiourea.

Ionic complexes of thiourea.


Electrophoretic mobilities of peptides on paper and their use in the determination of amide groups.


Isolation of a chondroitin sulphate protein complex from bovine intervertebral disks.


A method for estimating free asparagine and glutamine in biological fluids as trinitrophenyl derivatives.


A further study of catecholamine omicron-methylation in schizophrenia.


Occurrence of 3, 4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid in urines of normal and schizophrenic individuals.


Diffusion-exchange respirometer using the carbon dioxide electrode.


Viscometry of human blood for shear rates of 0-100,000 sec.


Fission of virus and protein under electron bombardment.


Resistance to shearing of heat-denatured muscle in relation to shortening.


Effects of cold stress on serum protein fractions of the prairie meadow mouse.


Decreased lysosome fragility in response to wounding in the skin and oral mucosa of the mouse.


Response of alpha motoneurones to direct electrical stimulation during desynchronized sleep.


Fate of intracisternally injected 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain.


Central effects of beta-N-oxalyl-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid and other lathyrus factors.


Anomalous protein binding of iodine-131 in the presence of iodate.


New assay of the ribonuclease-reactivating enzyme based on disulphide exchange.


Hormone-enzyme complex: insulin hexokinase.


Preparation, properties and metabolism of iodinated bromosulphthalein.


Paradoxical influence of calcium ions on the permeability of the cell membranes of the isolated rat heart.


Production of pectic enzymes by Phytophthora infestans.


Cytoplasmic deoxyribonucleic acid-containing bodies in Amoebae.


Cells, collagen fibrils and vessels in dinosaur bone.


A computer programme for automatic scanning of autoradiographs and microradiographs of bone sections.


Radiation recovery response of mammalian tumour cells in vivo.


Ternary and quaternary aqueous systems containing bile salt, lecithin, and cholesterol.


Sense receptors of Multicotyle purvisi Dawes, 1941 (Trematoda, Aspidobothria).


Nuclear variation between diploid angiosperms.


Diurnal variation in organismic response to very weak gamma radiation.


Nephrectomy-potentiated tissue changes with particular reference to glomerulonephritis.


Measurement of polonium-210 in human blood.


Caesium-137 in edible freshwater fish.

Caesium-137 in edible freshwater fish.


A liquid scintillation method for measuring carbon-14 uptake in photosynthesis.


Analysis of volatile substances in samples containing non-volatile substances by process gas chromatography.


Effects of solvents on acetylcholine conformation.


Solubility-composition relations of gluten proteins.


Facilitated diffusion in mouse and rat erythrocytes.


Copper transport in mammalian tissues.

Copper transport in mammalian tissues.


Adsorption of lactate dehydrogenase to the particulate fraction of homogenized skeletal muscle.


Identification of 1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulose and anthranilic acid in cultures of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune.


Early effect of ethionine on liver affinity for iron.


Rapid column chromatography of purine and pyrimidine bases on 'Ectaola' cellulose at room temperature and elevated pressure.


Chemical nature of the pigment spots of Enoplus communis.


Occurrence of D-lysergic acid and 6-methylergol-8-ene-8-carboxylic acid in cultures of Claviceps purpurea.


Nutritive values of shrimp flour.

Nutritive values of shrimp flour.


Electrophoretic fractionation of heat-denatured eucollagen.


Cuticular structure in the Phalangida.

Cuticular structure in the Phalangida.


Incidence of Rhizoctonia in a cultivated and a fallow soil in Hong Kong.


'Wavy-fused' mutants in the Medaka, Oryzias latipes.


Types of group selection.

Types of group selection.


Apolysis in arthropod moulting cycles.

Apolysis in arthropod moulting cycles.


Light-on and light-off effects on the circadian flight activity in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.


Haptoglobin types in dried bloodstains.

Haptoglobin types in dried bloodstains.


Morphological variations in the eosinophil granule revealed by cytochemical methods.


Coagulant activity of tiger snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus) venom.


Electrophoretic heterogeneity of erythrocyte and leucocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Italians from various ethnic groups.


Uptake of iodine-131-labelled atabrine by Ehrlich ascites tumour and by sarcoma S-180 BALB.


Effect of thorazine (chlorpromazine) on collagen metabolism.


Effects of actinomycin D and puromycin on chromosomes of cultured human leukocytes.


4-Cyano-2-iodo-6-nitrophenol: a new fasciolicide.


Staining and typing of Langerhans' cells in the skin of the black guinea pig.


Evidence for the discharge of cholinesterase into canine eccrine sweat.


Adrenergic beta-receptor blockade and anaerobic metabolism.


Patterns of spontaneous rhythmic activity within various thalamic nuclei.


Synaptic delay and conduction time in brain during exposure to simulated high altitudes.


A method for the rapid assay of Newcastle disease virus.


Isolation and analysis of adenovirus 12 sub-units from adenovirus type 12-infected cells.


A chemical index of soil nitrogen availability.


On colours of the same appearance.

On colours of the same appearance.


Laser transition at 651-6 nm in ionized iodine.


Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship of Nematospiroides dubius (Baylis).


The age and sex of the host as factors affecting the host--parasite relationship of the third-stage larva of Amplicaecum robertsi Sprent & Mines, 1960, in the laboratory mouse.


The effects of pregnancy and treatment with progesterone on the host--parasite relationship of Amplicaecum robertsi Sprent & Mines, 1960, in the mouse.


The effects of thiouracil and thyroxine on the host--parasite relationship of Amplicaecum robertsi Sprent & Mines, 1960, in the mouse.


Rhipicephalus reichenowi Zumpt, 1943: a re-description of the male and female and descriptions of the nymph and larva, together with an account of its known hosts and distribution.


The attachment of the monogenean Diplectanum aequans (Wagener) Diesing to the gills of Morone labrax L.


The adhesive mechanism of the monogenean parasite Tetraonchus monenteron from the gills of the pike (Esox lucius).


A revision of the genus Khalilia Neveu-Lemaire, 1924 (Nematoda: Strongyloidea).


Fasciola tragelaphi sp.nov. from the sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekei Rothschild, with a note onthe prepharyngeal pouch in the genus Fasciola L.


The morphology of Lecithaster musteli sp.nov. (Digenea: Hemiuridae) from the intestine of Onos mustelus (L.) and a review of the genus Lecithaster Lühe, 1901.


Experiments with Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Giles, 1892) in the guinea-pig. I. The effect of the host response on the distribution of the parasites in the gut.


The fate of the sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria mivati in the caeca of the fowl.


The growth of some species of Eimeria in avian embryos.


Light and electron microscope studies of the redia of Parorchis acanthus Nicoli.


Ataxia-telangiectasia: a familial degenerative disease leading to mental retardation--a case report.


Recall of paired-associates in retarded and normal subjects.


An investigation of social status differences among educable and trainable children.


Identification and disposition of the mentally handicapped in the parochial school system.


Preservation of IQ in hypoparathyroidism of childhood.


A comparison of two laboratory techniques for early detection of phenylketonuria.


Goal-setting and expectancy of success in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized mental subnormals.


Frustration and adaptation in relation to discrimination learning ability of mentally defective children.


Category usage of normal and subnormal children on three types of categories.


The effect of music and exercise upon the self-help skills of non-verbal retardates.


Effects of speech improvement on articulatory skills in institutionalized retardates.


The effects of extraneous auditory stimulation on learning and performance.


Intravenous anaesthesia in surgery of the hand.


The early arrest of idiopathic coxarthrosis.


The influence of the iliopsoas muscle on femoral antetorsion.


Massive pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment.


Prematurity and adaptive behavior in mental retardates.


Principles of medical ethics.

Principles of medical ethics.


Nervous patient.

Nervous patient.


Studies on the incorporation of Co2 by cells and cell-free extracts of Nitrosomonas europaea.


The concurrent induction of hepatic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase by thyroid hormone.


Beta-alanine inhibition in Neurospora and its reversal by carbamyl compounds.


The synthesis of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate by retinae and livers of normal and vitamin A-deficient rats.


Binding of a [14C]hydrocortisone metabolite in liver supernatant.


Effects of insulin on glucose metabolism by explants of mouse mammary gland maintained in organ culture.


Effect of dietary sulfur upon the production and absorption of lactate in sheep.


The induction of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase by thyroid hormone: effects of adrenalectomy, thyroidectomy and cortisone administration.


A genetically controlled esterase in rat plasma.


The mechanism and protobiochemical relevance of dicyanamide-medicated peptide synthesis.


Mode of action of tyrocidine on Neupospora.


States of amino acid residues in proteins. XI. Two types of tyrosine residues in trypsin related to the enzymatic activity.


Observations on the dissociation of oxy-, deoxy- and ferrihaemoglobin in relation to pH and ionic strength by the Sephadex method.


Fibrinopeptides in one lizard and four bird species.


Formation and activation of neochymotrypsinogen B.


Non-enzymatic cleavage of tryptophyl peptide bonds in peptides and proteins. II. Release of a chemically modified tryptophan residue from model peptides by a mild basic treatment.


Specific acylation of chymotrypsin with S-carboxymethyl mercaptide of p-mercuribenzoyl azide.


Chemical modification of human erythrocytes by attachment of tyrosine and alanine peptides.


Comparative enzymology of serine biosynthesis in mammalian systems.


Fluoride inhibition of erythrocyte metabolism as a function of cellular P.


Storage of folate by Lactobacillus leichmannii.


On the occurrence of histones in yeast.

On the occurrence of histones in yeast.


Peptide analysis of the inclusions of erythroid cells in beta-thalassemia.


Effect of atractyloside on the binding of adenine nucleotides to the mitochondrial "structural protein".


The pigment in the substantia nigra in parkinsonism. microspectrophotometric comparison with other sources of human pigment.


Pharmacological evidence for the existence of interneurons mediating primary afferent depolarization in the solitary tract nucleus of the cat.


Binocular reciprocal interaction upon optic fiber endings in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.


Evidence that muscle stretch long-loop reflexes from higher centres.


RNA with high specific activity in neurons and glia.


Tonic vibration reflexes (TVR) in spasticity.


Successful restoration of a completely amputated arm.


Cryogenic extraction of cataracts.

Cryogenic extraction of cataracts.


Cine-angiocardiography in congenital heart diseases.


Subacute endocarditis due to Brucella melitensis. A case report.


Chemical identification of the excitatory substance released in Helix heart during stimulation of the extracardial nerve.


Measurement of the true total plasma calcium in fowls: a comparison between a titrimetric method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.


Respiratory functions of the blood of the nutria and the woodchuck.


Aortic blood flow in free-swimming elasmobranchs.


Urinary excretion of citric acid in the domestic fowl.


Observations on lipids of the alimentary canal of the hagfish Eptatretus stoutii.


Solvent drag on urea and thiourea across small intestine of Testudo hermanni and Bufo bufo urinary bladder.


Intra-renal distribution of free amino acids in antidiuretic ruminants.


Osmotic properties of frog nerve.

Osmotic properties of frog nerve.


Fatty acid distribution patterns of animal depot fats.


Observations on a proprioceptive system in the legs of the scorpion Hadrurus hirsutus.


Regulation of protein production in the silk glands of spiders.


Mechanical responses of isolated starfish digestive glands to metabolic drugs, inhibitors and nutrients.


Effects of temperature on blood gases, lactate and pyruvate in turtles, Pseudemyces scripta elegans, in vivo.


The determination of ribose nucleic acid in the heart and associated tissues of house flies of various ages.


Analysis of the blood of American black bears.


Disc electrophoresis of bovine thymus histones.


Nerve-muscle junction in the snail Helix aspersa.


Serum esterases of Apodemus sylvaticus and Mus musculus.


Responses of the locomotor activity rhythms of lizards to simultaneous light and temperature cycles.


[In vitro study of corticosteroidogenesis in the interrenal gland of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)].


Modification of sympathetic transmission by antihypertensive agents.


Physiology, treatment and prevention of heat illness.


Independence through activities of daily living.


Reflections of a country doctor.

Reflections of a country doctor.


The pressure balance tonometer.

The pressure balance tonometer.


Can we eradicate trichinosis?

Can we eradicate trichinosis?


Effects of phenothiazine and carbon disulfide on liver function in the horse.


Epizootiology of tuberculosis in starlings.


Modification of myosin A by 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride. II. Some physical properties of the labelled myosin A.


Purification and properties of RNase T2.


Studies on mercapturic acids. Participation of glutathionase in the conversion of glutathione derivatives to cysteine derivatives.


Incorporation of glycine-C14 into fibroin in subcellular fractions of the posterior silkgland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, L.


Heterogeneity of guinea pig 7S antibody. I. 7S antibodies against ovalbumin produced by various lymphoid tissues.


Further studies of the fatty acid specificity of cholesterol esterification in chicken serum: relative participation of classes of lipoproteins in laying hen serum.


Incorporation of L-leucine-C14 into tyrocidine by a cell-free preparation of Bacillus brevis Dubos strain.


Distribution of lipids in subcellular fractions of fatty livers. I. Lipids in liver cell fractions of rats fed a high fat and cholesterol diet.


Sulfhydryl content in subcellular fractions of mouse liver and Harding Passey mouse melanoma.


Use of Sephadex G-10 and G-15 gel filtration for fractionation of a certain peptide.


Morphological changes of the lateral projections of myosin filament.


Semi-quantitative isolation of phosphatidylserine from pig erythrocyte lipids, using cellulose column chromatography.


Enzymatic hydrolysis of repeating units of hyaluronate and chondroitine sulfate.


Ultrastructural bases for metabolically linked mechanical activity in mitochondria. I. Reversible ultrastructural changes with change in metabolic steady state in isolated liver mitochondria. By means of a new "quick-sampling" method, micropellets of mouse liver mitochondria were rapidly prepared for electron microscopy during the recording of steady state metabolism. Reversible ultrastructural changes were found to accompany change in metabolic steady states. The most dramatic reversible ultrastructural change occurs when ADP is added to systems in which only phosphate acceptor is deficient, i.e., during the State IV to State III transition as defined by Chance and Williams. After 15 min in State IV, mitochondria display an "orthodox" ultrastructural appearance as is usually observed after fixation within intact tissue. On transition to State III, a dramatic change in the manner of folding of the inner membrane takes place. In addition, the electron opacity of the matrix increases as the volume of the matrix decreases, but total mitochondrial volume does not appear to change during this transition. This conformation is called "condensed." Isolated mitochondria were found to oscillate between the orthodox and condensed conformations during reversible transitions between State III and State IV. Various significant ultrastructural changes in mitochondria also occur during transitions in other functional states, e.g., when substrate or substrate and acceptor is made limiting. Internal structural flexibility is discussed with respect to structural and functional integrity of isolated mitochondria. Reversible changes in the manner of folding of the inner membrane and in the manner of packing of small granules in the matrix as respiration is activated by ADP represent an ultrastructural basis for metabolically linked mechanical activity in tightly coupled mitochondria.


The intracellular distribution of calcium in the mucosa of the avian shell gland. The intracellular distribution of calcium has been studied in the mucosa of the avian shell gland, a tissue which transports large quantities of calcium during discrete time intervals. Ca(45) was administered to hens either in a single dose followed by sacrifice 5 min later or in repeated doses over an extended period followed by sacrifice 2 hr or 24 hr after the last injection. Subcellular fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation and analyzed for Ca(45). The Ca(45) was located principally in the particulate fractions; the concentration (CPM Ca(45)/mg N) was highest in the mitochondrial fraction. Comparisons of (1) the Ca(45) distribution in shell gland cells with that of liver cells, (2) the alterations which occur due to the phase of the egg laying cycle, (3) the effects due to the time elapsed since the last injection of Ca(45), and (4) the Ca(45) distribution of the short term experiments with that of the long term experiments revealed that the mitochondrial fraction of the shell gland appeared to be active in the movement of calcium. The microsomal fraction showed increased values in CPM Ca(45)/mg N when calcification was occurring, which may indicate that the subcellular components of this fraction have a role in calcium transport. The nuclear and supernatant fractions did not seem to be involved in the transport process. The implications of these results concerning the manner by which calcium may be controlled on a cellular level in this system are discussed.


Ultrastructural localization of acid mucosubstances in the mouse colon with iron-containing stains. Selective ultrastructural staining of acid mucosubstances in sites containing histochemically identifiable sulfo- and sialomucins has been obtained in fixed cryostat sections with both ferric chloride and colloidal iron solutions. The rectosigmoid region of mouse colon was fixed in glutaraldehyde, formalin, or phosphate-buffered osmium tetroxide, and 40 micro cryostat sections of this material were treated with 0.1 to 0.4% ferric chloride or with a solution of dialyzed ferric chloride, ammonia, and glycerin. Specific staining depended upon the pH of the iron-containing solutions, and the optimal value was found to be approximately 2.0. Specific localization of acid mucosubstances has been noted in intracellular sites, including globules within colonic goblet cells and "deep crypt" mucous cells, small vesicles of the superficial nongoblet epithelial cells, and Golgi lamellae within each of these cell types. Extracellular material, presumed to be acid mucosubstance, was found on the surface of the epithelial microvilli and on the lumenal surface of capillary endothelium. Similar material formed a reticular network surrounding stromal cells, collagen bundles, and various colonic connective tissue elements.


The fine structure of the exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium fallax. The fine structure of the exoerythrocytic cycle of an avian malarial parasite, Plasmodium fallax, has been analyzed using preparations grown in a tissue culture system derived from embryonic turkey brain cells which were fixed in glutaraldehyde-OsO(4). The mature merozoite, an elongated cell 3- to 4-micro long and 1- to 2-micro wide, is ensheathed in a complex double-layered pellicle. The anterior end consists of a conoid, from which emanate two lobed paired organelles and several closely associated dense bodies. A nucleus is situated in the mid portion of the cell, while a single mitochondrion wrapped around a spherical body is found in the posterior end. On the pellicle of the merozoite near the nucleus a cytostomal cavity, 80 to 100 mmicro in diameter, is located. Based on changes in fine structure, the subsequent sequence of development is divided into three phases: first, the dedifferentiation phase, in which the merozoite loses many complex structures, i.e. the conoid, paired organelles, dense bodies, spherical body, and the thick inner layers of the pellicle, and transforms into a trophozoite; second, the growth phase, which consists of many nuclear divisions as well as parallel increases in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes; and third, the redifferentiation and cytoplasmic schizogony phase, in which the specialized organelles reappear as the new merozoites bud off from the mother schizont.


Isolation and fractionation of rat brain nuclei. A method for isolating pure and unaltered nuclei from rat brain by means of differential centrifugation is described. The isolated nuclei are further separated into discrete fractions of neuronal, astrocytic, and glial nuclei, with a yield amounting to 20 to 25% of the DNA of the original homogenate. Both the morphology and size of the nuclei remained unchanged. Problems concerning the composition of the isolation media, the use of detergents, as well as those raised by density gradient centrifugation in sucrose, Ficoll, and Dextran are discussed. Some values for the density of each type of brain nuclei are suggested.


The fine structural organization of nerve fibers, sheaths, and glial cells in the prawn, Palaemonetes vulgaris. In view of reports that the nerve fibers of the sea prawn conduct impulses more rapidly than other invertebrate nerves and look like myelinated vertebrate nerves in the light microscope, prawn nerve fibers were studied with the electron microscope. Their sheaths are found to have a consistent and unique structure that is unlike vertebrate myelin in four respects: (1) The sheath is composed of 10 to 50 thin (200- to 1000-A) layers or laminae; each lamina is a cellular process that contains cytoplasm and wraps concentrically around the axon. The laminae do not connect to form a spiral; in fact, no cytoplasmic continuity has been demonstrated among them. (2) Nuclei of sheath cells occur only in the innermost lamina of the sheath; thus, they lie between the sheath and the axon rather than outside the sheath as in vertebrate myelinated fibers. (3) In regions in which the structural integrity of the sheath is most prominent, radially oriented stacks of desmosomes are formed between adjacent laminae. (4) An approximately 200-A extracellular gap occurs around the axon and between the innermost sheath laminae, but it is separated from surrounding extracellular spaces by gap closure between the outer sheath laminae, as the membranes of adjacent laminae adhere to form external compound membranes (ECM's). Sheaths are interrupted periodically to form nodes, analogous to vertebrate nodes of Ranvier, where a new type of glial cell called the "nodal cell" loosely enmeshes the axon and intermittently forms tight junctions (ECM's) with it. This nodal cell, in turn, forms tight junctions with other glial cells which ramify widely within the cord, suggesting the possibility of functional axon-glia interaction.


Melanosomes in phagocytic vacuoles in Langerhans cells. Electron microscopy of keratin-stripped human epidermis.


The anatomy of secretion in the follicular cell of the thyroid gland. 3. The acute effect in vivo of thyrotropic hormone on amino acid uptake and incorporation into protein by the mouse thyroid gland.


Postsynaptic bodies in the habenula and interpeduncular nuclei of the cat.


Response of hepatic microbodies to a hypolipidemic agent, ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB).


Cytoplasmic whorls in the golden hamster oocyte.


An intranuclear fibrillar lattice in neurons.


Low-angle x-ray diffraction and electron-microscope studies of isolated cell membranes.


Electron- and light-microscope observations on the spleen of the newt Triturus cristatus: the surface topography of the mitotic chromosomes.


Observations on the substructure of flagellar fibres.


Observations on scale production in Prymnesium parvum.


The distribution of cholinesterase in cholinergic neurons demonstrated with the electron microscope.


An electrophysiological study of the visual projection to the superior colliculus of the rat.


The neurohistology of quiescent mammary tissue in Lepus albus.


Influence of prior pseudopregnancy on lactation and reproduction of rats.


Future uses of radioisotopes in large-animal research.


Electrophysiological characteristics of tectal and thalamo-cortical divisions of the visual system in lower vertebrates.


Use of liquid-scintillation systems in biological studies.


Use of C14 to study utilization of substrates in ruminants.


Composition of seams in cheddar cheese.

Composition of seams in cheddar cheese.


Effects of subclinical mastitis on heat stability of fluid milk.


Relationship of ketone body metabolism and carbohydrate utilization to fat mobilization in the ruminant.


Characterization of the octadecenoic acids in rumen digesta and rumen bacteria.


Study of nutritional defects of a nonfat milk solids and glucose diet for young calves.


Effect of zinc deficiency and restricted feeding from two to five months of age on reproduction in Holstein bulls.


The photopositive response of the frog (Rana pipiens) under photopic and scotopic conditions.


Facilitation in the rapid response of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L.


The neuromuscular mechanism of stridulation in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae).


The acoustic behaviour of the bush cricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera. I. Alternation, synchronism and rivalry between males.


Circulation in a giant earthworm, Glossoscolex giganteus.


The dimensions of fish gills in relation to their function.


The acoustic behaviour of the bush cricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera. 2. Interaction with artificial sound signals.


The excretory role of pteridines in insects.


The metabolic effects of the corpus allatum hormone in the male desert locust. I. Lipid metabolism.


The metabolic effects of the corpus allatum hormone in the male desert locust. II. Spontaneous locomotor activity.


Activity in the optic nerve of Pecten maximus in response to changes in light intensity, and to pattern and movement in the optical environment.


Asymmetry of the motor system in the hermit crab Pagurus granosimanus Stimpson.


Age and sex differences in conscience development.


A critique of Piaget's theory of the ontogenesis of motor behavior.


Interpersonal relations in preschool children and average approach distance.


Shuttle avoidance: an apparatus for cats utilizing an air-blast unconditioned stimulus.


Age differences in Wechsler Memory Scale scores.


Interindividual recognition in albino rats.


Behavioral and cognitive measures of conscience development.


Methodological considerations and the discrimination-learning deficit in the severely retarded.


Differences in perception of desired job characteristics of the same sex and the opposite sex.


Differences in perception of desired job characteristics of the opposite sex.


Memory organization in the aged.

Memory organization in the aged.


Some differences in the family relationships of achieving and underachieving readers.


The idea of immanent justice among Lebanese children and adults.


The child as a determinant of his peers' approach to him.


Perceived maternal childrearing history and subsequent motivational effects of failure.


Synthesis of 1-L-penicillamine-oxytocin, 1-D-penicillamine-oxytocin, and 1-deaminopenicillamine-oxytocin, potent inhibitors of the oxytocic response of oxytocin.


On the meaning of time in later life.

On the meaning of time in later life.


Relationship between configuration and adrenergic beta-receptor blocking activity of optical isomers of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol (INPEA).


Spiranes. XII. Azaspiranylalkylphenothiazines.


Benzoyclobutene derivatives. Oximes with muscle relaxant characteristics.


Imidazolecarboxhydrazides. I. Chemistry and biological evaluation.


3-phenylcinnolines. I. Some reactions and derivatives of 3-phenylcinnoline-4-carboxylic acids.


N-monoalkyl-beta-alkylcinnamamides as sedatives.


3-phenylcinnolines. II. The preparation of 4-amino derivatives.


Nonclassical and other sp2-hybridized steroids. Methano-, spirocyclopropyl-, and methylenepregnane derivatives.


Anabolic agents. 19-Nor- and 19-substituted 5alpha-androst-2-ene derivatives.


Anabolic agents. 2,3-Epithioandrostane derivatives.


Chemical and biological properties of some 17-substituted estradiol derivatives.


Pteridinecarboxamide diuretics. I. Reaction of 4,6-diamino-5-nitrosopyrimidines with substituted malonamides.


Chemistry of dichloromaleimides. II. The synthesis and pharmacology of 1-(2-arylamino-3-maleimidyl)pyridinium salts.


Hypoglycemic activity and pharmacological picture of 4-(1-naphthyl)butylamine derivatives.


Omicron-methoxy derivatives of the carcinogen, N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Potential latent biological arylating agents.


Potential carcinolytic agents. IV. Diazoamino mustards.


Tumor localizing agents. Radioactive iodofluorenaminesulfonic acids.


Chemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. V. Amides and esters of cephalothin.


5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazines. V. Base-catalyzed cyclodehydrohalogenation of 2-(beta-chloroalkyl)carboxylic acid hydrazides.


Tremorine-antagonistic cyclic ketals. The reactions of epoxy ethers with ethylene chlorohydrin.


Spiranes. XI. Spiro derivatives from 7-methoxy-beta-tetralone.


1-amino-2-(4-imidazolyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid.


Central nervous system depressant imides of cyclobutanecarboxylic acid.


Some 3-arylaminoquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acids.


Total synthesis of unsaturated phosphatidylserine using the N-4-chlorobutyroyl protecting group.


Carcinostatic sulfonic acid esters of butyne- and butane-1,4-diols.


The synthesis of some 2,3-epithio-5-alpha-pregnanes.


Synthesis of N-monosubstituted 2-mercaptoethylamines with thioureido substituents.


Totally synthetic steroid hormones. X. Some (plus or minus)-13beta-ethyl-7alpha-methylgonane derivatives.


3-phenylcinnolines. 3. Derivatives of hydroxy-3-phenylcinnolines.


Structure-hypoglycemic activity relationships in 1-naphthylalkylamines.


Substituted 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)benzimidazoles.


D-arabinose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose derivatives.


Carboranes. II. An analog of 1,4-(dimethanesulfonoxy)butane.


The synthesis of tertiary arylalkylamines from aryl Grignard reagents.


Effect of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride on the sedimentation characteristics of ribonucleoprotein isolated from dog pancreas.


The conformational transition associated with the activation of chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin.


Mode of antiviral action of 5-iodouracil deoxyriboside.


Mutants of the bacteriophage f2. 8. Control mechanisms for phage-specific syntheses.


Rapidly labeled HeLa cell nuclear RNA. I. Identification by zone sedimentation of a heterogeneous fraction separate from ribosomal precursor RNA.


Rapidly labeled HeLa cell nuclear RNA. II. Base composition and cellular localization of a heterogeneous RNA fraction.


Ribosome formation in HeLa cells in the absence of protein synthesis.


The assembly of ribosomes in HeLa cells.


Cerebral protein synthesis. I. Physical properties of cerebral ribosomes and polyribosomes.


Size distribution and stability of DNA-like RNA synthesized during development of anucleolate embryos of Xenopus laevis.


On the probability of ring closure of lambda DNA.


Polyribosomes and control of protein synthesis: effects of sodium fluoride and temperature of reticulocytes.


Codon--anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis.


Identity of N2 ochre nonsense mutants.

Identity of N2 ochre nonsense mutants.


Poly-l-alanylglycyl-l-alanylglycyl-l-serylglycine: a model for the crystalline regions of silk fibroin.


Super-suppressor induced interallelic complementation.


Biochemical changes after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. I. The biochemical problem.


Binding of hydrocortisone to rat liver histones.


Effect of denervation on the red and white fibres of the pectoralis muscle of the pigeon.


Biochemical changes after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. II. The patient on admission.


"Intermittent ischaemia" of the cauda equina due to stenosis of the lumbar canal.


Surgical management of congenital spinal lesions associated with abnormalities of the cranio-spinal junction.


Paroxysmal dysarthria and other transient neurological disturbances in disseminated sclerosis.


Augmentation bruit of the vertebral artery.


Unusual type of benign x-linked muscular dystrophy.


The persistent hypoglossal artery.

The persistent hypoglossal artery.


Decerebrate rigidity with preservation of consciousness.


Peripheral motor nerve conduction in elderly demented and non-demented psychiatric patients.


Fluctuating and intermittent facial weakness following a local anaesthetic.


Opponent-process solutions for uniform Munsell spacing.


Role of changes in accommodation and convergence in the perception of size.


Effects of an artificial pupil and accomodation on retinal image size.


Concerning the measurement of brightness.


Diphasic nature of the visual response as inferred from the summation index of n flashes.


Biology of the simian malarias of southeast Asia. II. The susceptibility of some Malaysian mosquitoes to infection with five strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi.


Biology of the Malaysian strain of Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani and Gomes, 1941. II. The sporogonic stages in Culex (Culex) sitiens Wiedmann.


Biology of the Malaysian strain of Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani and Gomes, 1941. 3. Life cycle of the erythrocytic parasite in the avian host.


Plasmodium inui, a quartan-type malaria parasite of Old World monkeys transmissible to man.


Studies on the transmission of simian malarias, I. Transmission of two strains of Plasmodium inui by Anopheles maculatus and A. stephensi.


Prevalence of malaria in Panamanian primates.


Eradication of Eperythrozoon coccoides with oxophenarsine in normal and drug-resistant lines of Plasmodium berghei in mice.


Myxosporida in deepwater fishes.

Myxosporida in deepwater fishes.


Attempted transmission of the rat coccidium Eimeria nieschulzi to mice.


Incorporation of linoleic acid by the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819).


Studies on American paragonimiasis. IV. Observations on the pairing of adult worms in laboratory infections of domestic cats.


The life cycle of the trematode Cephalouterina dicamptodoni Senger and Macy, 1953.


Effect of temperature on survival of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus colubriformis.


Delayed hypersensitivity to Trichinella spiralis antigens in irradiated guinea pigs.


Studies on glycolytic enzymes from Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Acanthocephala).


A redescription of Octospiniferoides chandleri Bullock, 1957.


Helminth fauna of Nicaragua. 3. Some acanthocephala of birds, including three new species of Centrorhynchus.


Morphology of the infusoriform larva of Dicyema aegira (Mesozoa: Dicyemidae).


Redescription of Echetus typicus Krøyer, a caligid copepod parasitic on the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus).


Aedes vexans and other potential mosquito vectors of Dirofilaria immitis in Minnesota.


A new species and new records of the genus Toritrombicula (Acarina, Trombiculidae) from birds of Sonora, Mexico.


New records of chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from Baja California and islands of the Gulf of California.


Comparative internal morphology of subgenera of Argas ticks (Ixodoidea, Argasidae). IV. Subgenus Ogadenus: Argas brumpti Neumann, 1907.


Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. (H). Capricornis sp. n., the large Malayan serow haemaphysalid from Southwestern Thailand.


Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) pospelovashtromae sp. n. from USSR and redescription of the type material of H. (A). warburtoni Nuttal from China (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae).


Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a parasite of the Himalayan thar (Artiodactyla, caprinae) in Northwestern India.


The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of birds. II. Redescription of the type material of H. (Rhipistoma) Madagascariensis Colas-Belcour and Millot.


Three new species of Ixodes from Mexico and description of the male of I. auritulus auritulus Neumann, I. conepati Cooley and Kohls, and I. lasallei Mendez and Ortiz (Acarina: Ixodidae).


Hemiculter leucisculus, a susceptible fish intermediate host for experimental Clonorchis infection.


Lipoptena mazamae Rondani (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a louse fly of deer, on cattle in Southwestern Texas.


Resistance of mice injected at birth with extract of adult Trichinella spiralis to subsequent infection.


Therapeutic trial of selected organophosphates against Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice.


A note concerning Protogynella pauciova Oswald, 1955.


Transmission of Diplostomum flexicaudum to trout by ingestion of precocious metacercariae in molluscs.


Effects of paromomycin on tapeworms of mice, rats, and cats.


The role of splenectomy in the natural and acquired resistance of rhesus monkeys to infection with Schistosoma mansoni.


Threats and the development of coordination: further studies of the Deutsch and Krauss trucking game.


Control, performance, and satisfaction: an analysis of structural and individual effects.


Prospective recipients' estimates of withheld evaluation.


Need and expectancy as determinants of affiliative behavior in small groups.


Modification of a judgmental style through group interaction.


Conformity as a function of different reinforcement schedules.


Effects of overt aggression on level of physiological arousal.


Compliance without pressure: the foot-in-the-door technique.


Personality characteristics and motor activity: some empirical evidence.


Observer's reaction to the "innocent victim": compassion or rejection?


Model's characteristics as determinants of social learning.


Ethnic attitudes and agreement with a Negro person.


Differential effects of positive and negative verbal reinforcement on psychoanalytic character types.


Measurement of information complexity: I. Conceptual structure and information pattern as factors in information processing.


Parents' differential reactions to sons and daughters.


Some antecedents of self-criticism.

Some antecedents of self-criticism.


Effects of the emotional relationship between protagonists in a two-person game.


Sensory deprivation, suggestion, field dependence, and perceptual regression.


Growth of political ideas in adolescence: the sense of community.


Effects of social class and race on responsiveness to approval and disapproval.


Personality correlates of two types of conformity behavior.


Cross-cultural invariance in the differentiation and organization of family roles.


Personality and attitudinal correlates of trusting and trustworthy behaviors in a two-person game.


Evaluative concept of a person as a function of the number of stimulus traits.


A cross-cultural study of child rearing and romantic love.


Concurrent feedback, confirmation, and the encoding of referents in verbal communication.


Cognitive complexity, value congruity, and the integration of potentially incompatible information in impressions of others.


The "meaning" of Rorschach color cards as a function of color.


Hypnotic validation of two hand test scoring categories.


The identification of caution, a correlate of achievement functioning.


A centrifuge for rapid concentration of large fragile cells without extensive lysis.


First defined media for leptomonas spp. from insects.


Physical and chemical properties of cilia isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Studies of the numbers and morphology of the intracellular form of Leishmania donovani grown in cell culture.


Carbonyl compounds produced by Cryptomonas ovata var. palustris.


Biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in Euglena gracilis.


Action of some analogs of nitrosoguanidine on the chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis.


Corticotypic technics in Tetrahymena taxonomy.


Sterols of soil amoebas and Ochromonas danica: phylogenetic approach.


The syngens of Paramecium bursaria: new mating types and intersyngenic mating reactions.


Incorporation of ribonucleoside triphosphates into sRNA by extracts of Tetrahymena pyriformis S.


A study of the ontogeny of action potentials in chick embryo hearts.


Quantitative and periodic restriction of feed and its relationship to the feeding of chicks a 2 per cent l-Phenylalanine supplemented diet.


Biochemical effects of denervation on normal and dystrophic muscle: acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase.


Influence of intravenously administered hexahydrocoenzyme Q4 on liver injury.


The effects of lithium ion on H3-norepinephrine metabolism in brain.


N-hydroxylation of arylamines by bladder mucosa.


Role of nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic fibers in compulsive gnawing behavior in rats.


Construction and implantation of a permanent cannula for making injections into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain.


Immunoelectrophoretic examination of blood serum proteins in patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy.


The in vivo protection by gamma-aminobutyric acid against organic phosphate inhibition of AChE.


Effects of x-irradiation on the meiosis of Vicia faba.


Fitness and competitive ability in irradiated populations of Drosophila melanogaster.


Do recessive lethals have dominant deleterious effects in mice?


Chromatid and chromosome abberrations in irradiated dry seeds of Vicia faba.


The relative mutagenic effects of some nitrosamines on barley seeds.


Chemically induced mutations in mice.

Chemically induced mutations in mice.


The differential sensitivity of desynaptic and normal genotypes of barley to x-rays.


A critique concerning the detection of replicating instabilities in Drosophila.


The qualifications of radiographers. An international view.


Recent developments in veterinary radiology.


The natural law of growth and decay.

The natural law of growth and decay.


The radiography of implant pacemakers.

The radiography of implant pacemakers.


Report on Kerala (India), a region with high background radiation.


Infections acquired from animals. Some reflections on the bacterial zoonoses.


Psychiatric illness in Edinburgh teenagers.


Clinical significance of enzyme deficiencies.


Treatment of glutethimide intoxication.

Treatment of glutethimide intoxication.


Experimental production of permanent heart block (total or bundle branch block) without circulatory arrest or extracorporeal circulation.


A radiological study of the neural control of oesophageal vestibular function.


A new gastroscope with biopsy and photographic facilities some suggestions on how to pass it.


Profound hypothermia with prolonged circulatory arrest. An experimental study.


Racial incidence of carcinoma of the bronchus in Malaya.


Transbronchial pulmonary biopsy.

Transbronchial pulmonary biopsy.


Metastatic carcinoma of the pleura.

Metastatic carcinoma of the pleura.


Assessment of ventilatory abnormality in the asymptomatic subject: an exercise in futility.


Transoperational induced pulmonary atelectasis.


Acquired pulmonary atresia in tetralogy of Fallot with a functioning Blalock-Taussig shunt.


Infective agents and chronic bronchitis.


Tension hydrothorax--an unrecognized danger.


Multiple hamartomata of the lung.

Multiple hamartomata of the lung.


Incorporation and distribution of ethionine-sulfur in the protein of ethionine-sensitive and ethionine-resistant yeasts.


Sexual agglutination in yeast. IV. Minimum particle count per cell for fast-sedimenting 5-agglutinin.


Oxidative deamination of glutamate and transdeamination through glutamate.


Specific nature of hydrolysis of insulin and tobacco mosaic virus protein by thermolysin.


Cyclization of S-(p-bromophenacyl)-L-cysteine as observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


Utilization of acetate-1-14 C for acetylation of an aromatic amine by the guinea pig adrenal gland.


The antioxidant and prooxidant activity in ascites tumors.


In vitro hybridization of lactate dehydrogenase in the presence of arsenate and nitrate lons.


Physicochemical studies of fractionated bovine heparin. I. Some dilute solution properties.


Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of human growth hormone.


Observations on the inhibitor sensitivity of the choline oxidation system.


Purification of alpha-D-mannosidase and beta-D-mannosidase from marine gastropods.


Effects of long-chain mono- and dicarboxylic acids on the pteridine requirement of Crithidia.


Purification and properties of fructose diphosphate aldolase from Boa constrictor constrictors.


The isolation of O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 4)-D-galactose: a product of the partial acid hydrolysis of the galactan of white-lupin (Lupinus albus) seeds.


Acetone metabolism in sheep.

Acetone metabolism in sheep. 1. Entry rates of acetone were estimated in normal and ketonaemic sheep by using a constant-infusion technique with [(14)C]acetone. Entry rates were less than 1mg./min. in normal and 2-6mg./min. in ketonaemic sheep. 2. Only 1-2% of plasma glucose is derived from acetone. 3. Labelling in lactate is consistent with the conversion of acetone into glucose through lactate. 4. There is significant labelling of blood but not rumen volatile fatty acids.


Optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism and far-ultraviolet spectra of avidin and streptavidin. 1. The optical-rotatory-dispersion and circular-dichroism curves of avidin showed positive Cotton effects centred at 228mmu and 280mmu, close to the ultraviolet-absorption bands of tryptophan. These effects disappeared when avidin was dissociated into sub-units in guanidine hydrochloride. 2. Binding of biotin had only a small effect on the optical-rotatory-dispersion curve of avidin. 3. The absence of negative circular dichroism at wavelengths above 216mmu showed that there was little or no alpha-helix present in avidin. This interpretation was confirmed by Moffitt-Yang plots of the partial rotation due to the peptide bonds in the visible region of the spectrum. The calculated dispersion constants were remarkably similar to those of gamma-globulin and suggested the presence of peptide conformations other than alpha-helix and random coil. 4. The far-ultraviolet spectrum was also similar to that of gamma-globulin, the mean extinction coefficient of the peptide chromophore being much lower than the experimental value for a random-coil structure. 5. Streptavidin resembled avidin in showing two positive Cotton effects, but the negative dichroism below 220mmu suggested the presence of more alpha-helix than was found in avidin. Formation of the complex with biotin was accompanied by changes in rotation that were rather larger than those observed with avidin.


The extraction and hydrolysis of steroid monoglucuronides. 1. A method in use for the extraction of urinary steroid conjugates has been applied to study the recovery of synthetic steroid monoglucuronides from aqueous solution. 2. In the presence of dissolved ammonium sulphate (50g./100ml.), ether-ethanol (3:1, v/v, 3x0.5vol.) extracted the monoglucuronides of steroids of the C(18), C(19) and C(21) series, quantitatively at values pH2-9. 3. The hydrolysis of the synthetic steroid monoglucuronides by beta-glucuronidase (Patella vulgata) has been examined with reference to the pH value of the medium, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration. 4. The rate of hydrolysis of steroid monoglucuronides was dependent upon steroid structure and upon site of conjugation. 5. The rate of hydrolysis of the monoglucuronides decreased in the order C-3 (phenolic) >C-3beta>C-17beta>C-3alpha.


Radioactive iodoprotein in thyroid lymph and blood. 1. Samples of thyroid and non-thyroid lymph and of thyroid and peripheral venous blood were obtained from primates and cats that had previously been given radioactive iodine. The distribution of the organic radioiodine between the protein and non-protein fractions in these samples was determined. 2. The proportion of the organic radioiodine in the form of iodoprotein was assessed by paper chromatography, acid-ethanol precipitation, hot-butanol washing, column chromatography and separate estimation of iodotyrosines after enzymic hydrolysis. 3. In thyroid lymph the relative proportion of the organic radioiodine in the form of iodoprotein was 75-98%; in blood it was much lower, probably no more than 6-7%. The absolute concentration of iodoprotein radioactivity also was considerably greater in thyroid lymph than in blood. 4. Enzymic hydrolysis of the protein of the thyroid lymph yielded a pattern of iodoamino acids that corresponded closely with that obtained after hydrolysis of protein extracted from the thyroid gland itself. 5. It can be concluded that the iodoprotein in thyroid lymph consists mainly of thyroglobulin or a closely related compound.


Adenosine 5 -triphosphate--creatine phosphotransferase from dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle. A genetic lesion associated with the catalytic-site thiol group. 1. A column procedure for the purification of creatine kinase from normal and dystrophic mouse muscle is described. 2. The native enzymes are indistinguishable by various physical criteria and have mol.wt. about 80000. 3. The purified enzyme from dystrophic muscle is only half as active as the normal, contains only one thiol group readily alkylated by iodoacetamide instead of two and has one less free thiol group/mol. 4. Michaelis constants for MgATP and creatine are the same for both preparations. 5. The inhibitor constant for ADP at pH9.0 is different in the two enzymes and this may account for the different degrees of inhibition observed in vitro with the drug Laevadosin. 6. The enzyme from dystrophic muscle is protected by an equilibrium mixture of substrates against inhibition by iodoacetamide to a greater extent than the normal enzyme. 7. ;Fingerprinting' suggests one peptide difference between creatine kinases from normal and dystrophic muscle. 8. The possibility that this finding represents the primary lesion in dystrophy is discussed.


The effect of carbon tetrachloride on the lipoproteins of rat-liver cell sap and serum. 1. The lipoproteins of the liver cell sap can be resolved by paper electrophoresis into five components. Almost two-thirds of the total lipid, cholesterol and phospholipid are present in the slowest- and the fastest-moving components. 2. There is a two- to three-fold increase in the lipid content of the liver cell sap after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. 3. The cholesterol and phospholipid contents of the serum alpha- and beta-lipoproteins separated by paper electrophoresis fall after treatment with carbon tetrachloride, whereas the total lipid content of that fraction that remains at the origin rises.


Inhibition of purine phosphoribosyltransferases from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells by purine nucleotides. 1. The purine bases adenine, hypoxanthine and guanine were rapidly incorporated into the nucleotide fraction of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells in vivo. 2. The reaction of 5'-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from ascites-tumour cells (K(m) 6.5-11.9mum) was competitively inhibited by AMP, ADP, ATP and GMP (K(i) 7.5, 21.9, 395 and 118mum respectively). Similarly the reactions of 5'-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate with both hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (K(m) 18.4-31 and 37.6-44.2mum respectively) were competitively inhibited by IMP (K(i) 52 and 63.5mum) and by GMP (K(i) 36.5 and 5.9mum). 3. The nucleotides tested as inhibitors did not appreciably compete with the purine bases in the phosphoribosyltransferase reactions. 4. It was postulated that the purine phosphoribosyltransferases of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells may be effectively separated from the adenine nucleotide pool of these cells.


Studies on the biochemistry of Penicillium charlesii. Influence of various dicarboxylic acids on galactocarolose synthesis. 1. It has been shown that Penicillium charlesii continues to synthesize galactocarolose when l-malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid or oxaloglycollic acid is substituted for dl-tartaric acid in the Raulin-Thom nutrient medium. 2. The quantity of galactocarolose synthesized per g. of mycelia was markedly decreased by substitution of l-malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid or maleic acid for dl-tartaric acid. Substitution of oxaloglycollic acid for dl-tartaric acid did not depress the galactocarolose synthesized/g. of mycelia; however, the quantity of fungal mass formed was decreased approximately fivefold. 3. Based upon (14)C incorporation into galactocarolose, succinic acid, fumaric acid or malonic acid did not serve as direct precursors of galactose as did tartaric acid. Oxaloglycollic acid, l-malic acid and maleic acid were not tested. 4. The relative quantity of galactocarolose synthesized per g. of mycelia decreased as the concentration of diammonium dicarboxylate added to the growth medium was increased. Tartaric acid, oxaloglycollic acid, fumaric acid and malonic acid were tested. 5. The quantity of mycelia formed and the quantity of galactocarolose synthesized per g. of mycelia were greater when the growth medium contained l-tartrate than when it contained d-tartrate.


The kinetics of carboxymethylcellulose--ficin in packed beds. 1. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of benzoylarginine ethyl ester in packed columns of CM-cellulose-70-ficin and CM-cellulose-90-ficin were studied. 2. The apparent Michaelis constant, K'(m), of these preparations was calculated and shown to be dependent on the flow rate at low rates of perfusion through the columns. 3. The values for k(3) of these preparations were calculated and shown to be nearly independent of flow rate. 4. A modified form of the integrated Michaelis rate equation was used to describe the action of these materials and its limitations are discussed. 5. The hydrolysis of solutions of casein by these columns was studied.


The active centre of triose phosphate isomerase. The molecular weight and amino acid composition of triose phosphate isomerase have been determined. The molecular weight (43000) is lower and the molecular activity (500000) higher than those of most other glycolytic enzymes. Reaction with iodoacetate (studied with radioactive reagent) takes place in two phases: in the first phase, at pH6.3, cysteine and methionine groups react and enzymic activity is unimpaired; in the second phase, histidine reacts and enzymic activity is lost. Photo-oxidation leads to inactivation, with loss of cysteine, of histidine and of tryptophan, but little loss of tyrosine. The mechanism postulated for the action of the enzyme demands the intervention of a group functioning as a base, and the results obtained are consistent with histidine's being the basic group in the active centre.


The leaf tannin of willow-herb [Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.]. 1. The leaf tannin of willow-herb [Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.] has been isolated and separated into two fractions of differing solubility. 2. The tannin contains a penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose core to which further galloyl groups are depsidically bound. 3. The unfractionated tannin contains an average of 10.5 galloyl groups/glucose molecule; the soluble fraction has on average 7.6 galloyl groups/glucose molecule and the less soluble fraction has 12.4. 4. The tannin is a mixture of molecules ranging at least from hepta- to trideca-galloyl-beta-d-glucose. 5. The tannin forms complexes with proteins and the fact that it is a hydrolysable gallotannin has a bearing on the release of nitrogen from the protein of the dead leaf.


Analysis of bases of rat-liver nucleic acids after administration of the carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine. Dimethylnitrosamine is metabolized to form an alkylating intermediate, which may have significance for its carcinogenic action. However, certain other compounds that are known to be highly mutagenic, including nitrous acid and hydroxylamine, might also be formed. Owing to the general reactivity of these compounds, it would be difficult to detect their formation in the intact animal. Instead, the nucleic acids of carcinogen-treated animals were examined for products of reaction with nitrous acid and hydroxylamine, i.e. for deamination of adenine and guanine, and formation of N(6)-hydroxycytosine, respectively. A double-labelling technique was used to detect very small amounts of the abnormal bases. The purine moieties of DNA in adult rat liver were labelled either with (14)C or with (3)H, by treating the neonatal animals with [(14)C]formate or with [(3)H]formate, and then allowing a period for normal growth. During this time, in liver, the labels were largely lost by metabolic turnover from cell components other than DNA. The pyrimidine moieties in DNA were labelled by treating the neonatal animals with [(14)C]orotate. The purine constituents of RNA of adult rat liver were labelled by repeated administration of [(14)C]- or [(3)H]-formate to the adult rats. The [(14)C]nucleic acid-labelled rat could then be treated with the carcinogen, and the [(3)H]nucleic acid-labelled animal could be used as a control. By this means the experimental and control tissues could be homogenized together in a single preparation, and the nucleic acids from the two tissues could be isolated, hydrolysed and analysed in a single sample. It was therefore possible to have an internal control for artifacts due to changes taking place in the nucleic acid bases during the experimental procedures. With this technique, the formation in vivo of 7-methylguanine in rat-liver DNA and RNA after administration of dimethylnitrosamine was confirmed, and no evidence was found for the formation of xanthine, hypoxanthine, N(6)-hydroxycytosine, or any other abnormal base.


Acetyl transfer in arylamine metabolism. 1. N-Hydroxyacetamidoaryl compounds (hydroxamic acids) are metabolites of arylamides, and an enzyme that transfers the acetyl group from these derivatives to arylamines has been found in rat tissues. The reaction products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and a spectrophotometric method, with 4-amino-azobenzene as acetyl acceptor, was used to measure enzyme activity. 2. The acetyltransferase was in the soluble fraction of rat liver, required a thiol for maximum activity and had a pH optimum between 6.0 and 7.5. 3. The soluble fractions of various rat tissues showed decreasing activity in the following order: liver, adrenal, kidney, lung, spleen, testis, heart; brain was inactive. 4. With the exception of aniline and aniline derivatives all the arylamines tested were effective as acetyl acceptors but aromatic compounds with side-chain amino groups were inactive. 5. The N-hydroxyacetamido derivatives of 2-naphthylamine, 4-amino-biphenyl and 2-aminofluorene were active acetyl donors but N-hydroxyacetanilide showed only slight activity. Acetyl-CoA was not a donor. 6. Some properties of the enzyme are compared with those of other acetyltransferases.


Separation and partial purification of the protein hormones from human pituitary glands. A method has been developed for separation and partial purification of four protein hormones from acetone-dried human pituitary glands. The major portion of growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone activities are each obtained in a separate fraction. Although the yields of the individual hormones are similar to those obtained by other investigators, the present procedure is simpler and a cleaner separation of the hormones has been achieved. Methods for further purification of each fraction are indicated including preparation of luteinizing hormone of very high potency (equivalent to 5.3mg. of standard NIH-LH-S3/mg.).


Proteolytic and peptidase activities of the jejunum and ileum of the rat during postnatal development. 1. Proteolytic (substrate nitrocasein), tripeptidase (substrate glycylglycylgly-cine) and aminopeptidase (substrate leucyl-beta-naphthylamide) activities were studied in homogenates of jejunal and ileal mucosa of 7-, 10-, 14-, 21-, 35- and 60-day-old rats. 2. Proteolytic activity was practically the same in jejunum of 7-, 10-, 14- and 21-day-old rats, but after day 21 a significant increase was observed. The activity of the ileum changed very little during postnatal development and was always higher than that of the jejunum. 3. Tripeptidase activity was low in the jejunum of 7- and 14-day-old rats, an increase was observed between day 14 and 21, but later no substantial changes were found. There were no changes in the ileum. The activity in the jejunum of 7- and 14-day-old rats was lower than in the ileum, but later the jejunum was more active than the ileum. 4. Aminopeptidase activity had a similar developmental pattern to tripeptidase activity. A low activity was found in the jejunum of 7- and 14-day-old rats, the maximum was in 21-day-old rats and then a decrease was observed, though values for 60-day-old rats were still higher than for 7- and 10-day-old rats. The activity in the ileum was practically the same in all age groups studied except in 14- and 21-day-old rats, where a transient peak was observed.


Influence of ethanol on the metabolism of perfused normal, fatty and cirrhotic rat livers. 1. The influence of ethanol on the metabolism of perfused livers from normal rats and rats in various stages of development of dietary cirrhosis was studied. A choline-deficient, low-protein and high-fat diet was used. Results were obtained on oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, on glucose release and uptake by the liver and on changes in the concentrations of lactate and pyruvate and of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in the perfusion medium. 2. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were lower in fatty and cirrhotic livers than in normal livers. Ethanol had no effect on the oxygen consumption of any of the various livers. After addition of ethanol to the perfusion medium carbon dioxide production ceased almost completely in normal livers. Only a slight decrease in the carbon dioxide production occurred in fatty and cirrhotic livers. 3. With every type of liver glucose was released from the liver into the perfusion medium during the initial control period. This release continued after the addition of ethanol to the perfusion medium in experiments with normal and fatty livers, whereas with cirrhotic livers a marked uptake of glucose from the medium was found. A simultaneous release of the glycolytic end products lactate and pyruvate into the medium occurred. 4. The production of ketone bodies was equal in normal and early fatty livers (6 weeks on the fat diet). It was smaller in late fatty livers (3-4 months on the fatty diet) and in cirrhotic livers. 5. The lactate/pyruvate concentration ratio in the perfusion medium increased from 11 to 67 with normal livers, from 12 to 16 with early fatty livers, from 13 to 26 with late fatty livers and from 21 to 55 with cirrhotic livers when the livers were perfused with a medium containing ethanol. The beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate concentration ratio increased from 1.2 to 8.4 in normal livers, from 2.0 to 2.8 in early fatty livers, from 1.2 to 2.4 in late fatty livers and from 2.1 to 4.0 in cirrhotic livers when ethanol was added to the medium. 6. The effects of ethanol on liver metabolism during the development of dietary cirrhosis are discussed and related to human fatty liver and cirrhosis during chronic ethanol consumption.


Trout-liver histones.

Trout-liver histones. 1. The histones of trout liver were examined and four main fractions (f1, f2b, f2a and f3) were isolated and characterized. 2. The amino acid analyses, N-terminal group analyses and starch-gel electrophoresis patterns are remarkably similar to the corresponding fractions of calf thymus. 3. The group f2a was also separated into two subfractions, f2al and f2a2, which are similar to those of calf thymus.


Some properties of rat-liver glucose--adenosine triphosphate phosphotransferases. In normal rat liver hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) activity usually accounts for not more than 30% of the total glucose-ATP phosphotransferase activity, the remainder being due to glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2). In the present work it was found that in normal rat liver the relative activities of these two enzymes were occasionally very different from those usually found even though the total glucose-ATP phosphotransferase activity was within the normal range. In some cases almost the entire glucose-ATP phosphotransferase was accounted for by the low-K(m) enzyme hexokinase. Some properties of this enzyme system are reported. It is suggested that this shift in favour of the low-K(m) enzyme without change in the total glucose-ATP phosphotransferase activity may represent a regulatory mechanism.


The metabolism of oxytocin during lactation in the rabbit. 1. It has been suggested that changes in the concentration of hypothalamic enzymes inactivating oxytocin might be taken as an index of hormone production (Hooper, 1966). The present work describes the changes in enzyme concentration shortly after parturition and during lactation. 2. Two groups of animals were used; one consisted of lactating animals from which litters had been removed shortly after parturition. 3. Two fractions obtained from homogenized hypothalamus contained enzyme activity. In animals which had been suckled for 3 days the enzyme activity in the supernatant fraction was three times as great as that observed during pregnancy. Between the third and fifth days the activity reverted to pregnancy levels, and remained fairly constant for as long as the animals were suckled. 4. In animals whose litters were removed shortly after birth, the enzyme activity reverted to pregnancy levels by about the third day post partum, and by the sixth day non-pregnancy levels were reached. 5. The enzymes of a particulate fraction behaved somewhat differently; 6 hr. after parturition the enzyme activity was similar to that found in pregnant animals and there was no detectable activity by the tenth day in suckled animals. In non-suckled animals the enzyme activity decreased more rapidly, and non-detectable levels were reached by the fourth day post partum.


The extracellular enzymes of Coniophora cerebulla. 1. The extracellular enzymes present in the culture filtrates of Coniophora cerebella grown on various carbohydrate carbon sources were investigated. Enzymes that degraded cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose fractions, starch, laminarin, pectin and several oligosaccharides were detected. 2. All the polysaccharide-degrading activities were adaptive except for that acting on laminarin. 3. The culture filtrates degraded native cellulose to only a very limited extent. 4. The hemicellulase activity included enzymes acting on all the major components of wood hemicellulose. 5. The main starch-degrading enzyme was a glucoamylase. 6. Laminarin-degrading activity was produced when cellulose, hemicellulose or starch was used as carbon source for the fungus and it may be involved in the re-utilization of hyphal carbon or of a reserve polysaccharide synthesized during active growth of the organism.


Effect of cycloheximide on protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured human lymphocytes. 1. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulates the transformation into blast cells of human lymphocytes incubated in vitro. This transformation is accompanied by an increase in the incorporation of [(14)C]leucine into protein and [(3)H]uridine into RNA. 2. The incorporation of [(14)C]leucine by cultures grown in the presence or absence of phytohaemagglutinin is inhibited to the same extent by cycloheximide, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis. 3. Lymphocytes grown without phytohaemagglutin synthesize mainly non-ribosomal RNA. [(3)H]Uridine incorporation by these cells was increased by cycloheximide. 4. Lymphocytes incubated with phytohaemagglutinin begin to synthesize substantial quantities of ribosomal RNA. Under these conditions [(3)H]uridine incorporation was partially inhibited by cycloheximide. This inhibition is shown to be largely a result of inhibition of the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.


Leucine aminopeptidase in extracts of swine muscle. 1. Leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.1.1) has been demonstrated in swine muscle at a level of activity one-fifth that of the swine kidney. 2. The enzyme has been purified 110-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, heat treatment and chromatography on Sephadex G-100. 3. The enzyme is heat-stable, but is rapidly inactivated below pH7. It requires Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) for activity. The Michaelis constant for leucine amide with Mg(2+)-activated enzyme is 5.0x10(-3)m. 4. Muscle leucine aminopeptidase is very similar to the kidney enzyme.


Crystallization of thermostable glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.


Sepiapterin reductase.

Sepiapterin reductase.


Synthetic analogues of uridine diphosphate glucose: biochemical and chemical studies. The secondary structure of nucleoside diphosphate sugars.


Metabolism of phosphoramidates. 3. A microsomal phosphoramidate hexose transfer system.


Transglutaminase: mechanistic features of the active site as determined by kinetic and inhibitor studies.


Reaction of a microsomal esterase from hog-liver with diethyl rho-nitrophenyl phosphate.


Purification of esterase-5 from Drosophila pseudoobscura.


Role of phospholipids in succinate dehydrogenase.


Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Inactivation of adenosine deaminase by fluorodinitrobenzene.