An examination of the evidence for membrane pores in frog skin. 1. Measurements of the diffusional permeability, P(d), of tritiated water in isolated frog skin bathed in sulphate Ringer have been made under different stirring conditions.2. The mean +/- S.E. values for P(d) were found to be (6.5 +/- 0.3), (7.9 +/- 0.5), (9.7 +/- 0.7) and (11.1 +/- 0.8) x 10(-5) cm sec(-1) at 120, 300, 500 and 1000 rev/min. It is considered that these results indicate the existence of ;unstirred layers' associated with frog skin.3. The hydraulic conductivity, L(p), of the skin in sulphate Ringer was found to be (2.36 +/- 0.07) x 10(-7) cm sec(-1) atm(-1) (+/- S.E. of estimate), and no marked increase in this value for L(p) was found when the stirring rate was increased from 0 to 500 rev/min.4. It is considered that these results show that previous comparisons of the relative magnitudes of L(p)RT/V(w) (where V(w) is the partial molar volume of water) and P(d) for frog skin have been in error because of the presence of ;unstirred layers'.5. The bearing of our results and other evidence on the question of pores in cell membranes has been discussed.


The effects of hypoxia on neuromuscular transmission in a mammalian preparation. 1. The rat diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparation in vitro failed to contract in response to nerve impulses after 10-20 min exposure to solutions containing 95% N(2) and 5% CO(2) (hypoxic solutions) at temperatures between 33 and 38 degrees C. Intracellular recording revealed that end-plate potential (e.p.p.) amplitudes fell below the firing threshold for muscle fibres and then disappeared probably because of block of intramuscular nerve conduction.2. In curarized and Mg-paralysed preparations the reduction in e.p.p. amplitudes was found to be due to a fall in their quantal content. In about half of the Mg-paralysed preparations, however, and in curarized preparations after repeated exposures, there were increases in quantal content of e.p.p.s during hypoxia.3. Miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p. frequency increased in a cyclic fashion during hypoxia and this increase was largely suppressed in the presence of a raised extracellular Mg concentration. M.e.p.p. amplitude increased (range 0-100% of control value) after about 20 min hypoxia.4. Post-tetanic potentiation of e.p.p. amplitudes and m.e.p.p. frequency was reduced after exposure to hypoxic solutions. During hypoxia the e.p.p. amplitude potentiation was reduced but the m.e.p.p. frequency potentiation was augmented.5. There was an increase in the post-synaptic sensitivity to carbamylcholine after 20 min hypoxia which was sufficient to explain the increase in m.e.p.p. amplitude. Other post-synaptic changes were a fall in membrane potential (average 6 mV after 20 min) and a fall in membrane resistance after 30-60 min exposure to hypoxia.6. The effects of hypoxia upon neuromuscular transmission were partially explained by reduction of active transport of sodium and potassium ions and consequent depolarization of nerve and muscle.


Intracellular recording from cat spinal motoneurones during acute asphyxia. 1. Changes in membrane and action potentials of cat spinal motoneurones during acute asphyxiation and re-oxygenation were recorded with an intracellular technique.2. The asphyxial potential of the grey matter, which develops in the first 2-2.5 min of asphyxiation, can be expected to interfere with the membrane potential record. After correcting for this effect a gradual depolarization of the soma at a rate of 3-4 mV/min was found, commencing within a fraction of a minute after the start of asphyxiation.3. The orthodromic responses of the motoneurones were the most vulnerable to O(2) lack. They failed earlier than the responses to antidromic and to direct excitation of the cell through the micro-electrode. After failure of the orthodromic spike an excitatory post-synaptic potential remained for a short time. Failure of antidromic excitation began by the dropping out of the some dendritic potential, followed by the arrest of the initial segment response.4. It was concluded that the early arrest of orthodromic excitation is caused by presynaptic failure.5. All changes in membrane and action potentials were completely reversible by re-oxygenation after periods of asphyxia lasting from 4 to 6 min. The orthodromic response recovered markedly slower than the antidromic and direct ones.


Entry of fluorescent dyes into the sarcotubular system of the frog muscle. 1. A fluorescence microscope was used in order to detect whether fluorescent dyes can quickly diffuse into and out of certain parts of single muscle fibres of the frog.2. Several fluorescent dyes entered a system arranged at the centre of each I-band without entering the main part of the fibre.3. The dyes quickly diffused out of the fibres on washing, becoming invisible within a few minutes.4. In a hypertonic solution the fluorescent striations were more conspicuous and faded more slowly.5. It is concluded that the dyes have access to some component of the triads.6. The ;dye space' measured with Lissamine Rhodamine B200 was 1-2% of the fibre volume, and the implication of this value is discussed.7. From an analysis of the time course of entry or exit of the dye it is suggested that the principal resistance to radial diffusion of the dye is distributed along the tubules rather than at the mouths of the tubules.


Intracellular recording from spinal motoneurones in cats with post-asphyxial rigidity. 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from lumbar spinal motoneurones in cats with post-asphyxial rigidity of the hind limbs.2. Membrane potentials, latencies and (or) appearance of excitatory post-synaptic potentials, initial segment responses and soma-dendritic spikes were not materially different from those observed in cells of normal cords.3. Dorsal root stimulation activated all the motoneurones examined through monosynaptic pathways in contrast to cells in normal cords in which such a stimulus sometimes elicits only a post-synaptic potential. In a number of cells subsequent polysynaptic activation caused a spike about 10 msec after the monosynaptic response, notwithstanding the serious interneuronal destruction which characterized these preparations.4. In a few preparations the effects of acute asphyxiation could be examined. The soma depolarized at a rate of 3-4 mV/min. Synaptic activation was more resistant to O(2) lack than antidromic and direct excitation, in contrast to the experience with normal cells. Survival times of 8.5, 11 and 16 min were found. At certain levels of depolarization ;spontaneous' spikes were observed, which, since they were preceded by post-synaptic potentials, could be considered as the result of synaptic activation.5. To account for the enhanced reflex activity of rigid preparations, it was postulated that the substantial loss of interneurones in the cord had caused denervation supersensitivity of the motoneurones to the transmitter compound without materially changing their electrical excitability.6. It was postulated that the early presynaptic failure during asphyxiation in normal preparations was dependent on a mechanism resembling presynaptic inhibition. The prolonged asphyxial survival of reflex activity in rigid preparations may be due to the destruction of interneurones involved in this form of inhibition.


Skin histamine in cats: Its depletion and subsequent recovery after injection of compound 48-80. 1. The histamine content of the skin has been determined in untreated cats, in cats injected with the histamine liberator, compound 48/80, and in cats injected subcutaneously with an oily suspension of histamine or histidine after treatment with compound 48/80.2. Skin histamine in cats varied from 2.2 to 37.5 mug/g. Apart from regional variations in the histamine content of the abdominal skin, lower values were obtained from cats kept on a laboratory diet which included aureomycin (mean 8.5 mug/g, range 2.2-13.1) than from cats on a high protein diet without aureomycin (mean 17.5 mug/g, range 5.2-37.5).3. Compound 48/80 caused a depletion of skin histamine which was never complete, and a residue of 3-7% remained; in cats which originally had a low histamine content of skin, depletion was even less and up to 20% of the original histamine remained.4. Recovery of skin histamine in cats after injections of compound 48/80 was slow, at least 110 days being required for full restoration. The rate of recovery was not altered by daily subcutaneous injections of histidine, but an effect was found with daily subcutaneous injections of histamine. Histamine had no effect for the first 33 days, but at 55 days the percentage histamine content of the skin was greater than in the cats treated with histidine or the oily suspending vehicle, and at 110 days the histamine content was not only much greater than the other two groups but was greater than that before injection of compound 48/80.5. No in vitro histamine formation was detected in the skin samples either before compound 48/80 treatment or at any time during the subsequent recovery of the histamine to control levels.6. The results support the theory that the histamine found in skin tissues of the cat is not formed there but is taken up from the blood stream.


Respiratory  and circulatory effects of breathing 100 per cent oxygen in the new-born lamb before and after denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors. 1. Methods are described for measuring tidal volume and frequency, end-tidal CO(2), blood pressure and heart rate, and arterial gas tensions in the unanaesthetized new-born lamb.2. The resting values of minute ventilation (V)/kg body wt. and arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension, (P(a, o2)) and (P(a, CO2)) were similar to those which have been reported in the new-born baby. There was a direct and significant relation between P(a, o2) and P(a, CO2) and the age of the lamb.3. Thirty-five unanaesthetized lambs aged 40 min to 10 days breathed 100% oxygen; minute ventilation fell by an average of 19% of control, end-tidal CO(2) increased and the ratio of change in tidal volume (DeltaV(T)) to change in pressure (DeltaP) (DeltaV(T)/DeltaP) remained constant. In a proportion of lambs, a small decrease in blood pressure and heart rate was observed. The effect of breathing 100% O(2) on lung compliance was variable.4. These changes in ventilation were virtually abolished after both sinus nerves had been cut.5. The results therefore suggest that a significant hypoxic drive to ventilation exists in the new-born lamb and that this drive is mediated by functioning and mature peripheral chemoreceptors.6. Preliminary evidence suggested that, on 100% O(2), the sensitivity of new-born lambs to inhaled CO(2) was reduced.


The effects of hypoxia in the new-born lamb before and after denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors. 1. Twenty-seven unanaesthetized new-born lambs, 6 hr-10 days old, responded to two levels of inspired oxygen, 125 and 110 mm Hg (alveolar CO(2) being controlled) with a sustained increase in minute ventilation (V), a small increase in heart rate and a less consistent rise in systemic blood pressure.2. An increase in V was observed when arterial oxygen tension (P(a), (O2)) had fallen by 6-15 mm Hg. There appeared to be no fixed threshold of P(a), (O2) at which ventilation started to increase.3. The increase in ventilation caused by these levels of hypoxia was significantly and directly related to the age of the lamb and to its control alveolar CO(2).4. More severe hypoxia caused a progressive increase in V until P(a), (O2) was about 25 mm Hg when respiration failed. This increase at P(a), (O2) > 25 mm Hg was markedly potentiated when alveolar P(CO2) (P(A), (CO2)) was increased and abolished after bilateral denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors.5. Significant (> 10%) left-to-right shunts were found in ten out of twelve lambs lightly anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium, breathing air. Hypoxia diminished the left-to-right pressure gradient largely by its pressor effect on the pulmonary circulation. When inspired O(2) tension (P(I), (O2)) was 70 mm Hg, all seven lambs studied showed a reversal of the pressure gradient and evidence of right-to-left shunts (11-42%) across the ductus arteriosus.6. The implications of these findings have been discussed with reference to previous studies of the new-born response to hypoxia and it is concluded that the peripheral chemoreceptors are fully active at birth and in the new-born period.


Three cases of severe epistaxis.

Three cases of severe epistaxis.


Synopsis of Malaria.

Synopsis of Malaria.


Submarine escape: the hood inflation system.


The respiratory response of the new-born lamb to inhaled CO-2 with and without accompanying hypoxia. 1. The respiratory response to inhaled CO(2) was measured in twenty unanaesthetized new-born lambs aged 4 hr-10 days. Measurement of resting arterial pH, P(CO2) and plasma bicarbonate showed a non-respiratory acidosis immediately after birth which was corrected in the first 24-28 hr: thereafter, the acid-base pattern was of a compensated respiratory alkalosis.2. When CO(2) was added to the inspired gases and resting arterial oxygen tension (P(a), (O2)) was controlled, the average increase in minute ventilation (V) was 0.075 l.min(-1).kg(-1).mm Hg, P(a), (CO2) (-1) and duplicate responses in the same lamb differed by 6-22.5%.3. The slope of the V/P(a), (CO2) line (S) varied inversely with P(a), (O2). In one lamb, severe hypoxia (P(a), (O2) = 21 mm Hg) caused a marked depression of the slope.4. Neither the slope S nor the horizontal intercept B of the lines was related to the age of the lamb. B was not related to pH(a) and only slightly affected by acute hypoxia. B was related to arterial [HCO(3) (-)] and values for both were reduced with the acid-base disturbances seen in the first 10 days after birth. Evidence was given which suggested that the response of the new-born lamb to inhaled CO(2) was similar to that of man acclimatized to a P(a), (O2) of 70-75 mm Hg.5. In the lightly anaesthetized lamb, bilateral section of the sinus nerves caused a small reduction in the sensitivity to inhaled 5% CO(2) in air, an increase in the respiratory lag and a reduction in the rate at which V increased.6. It was concluded that, in the new-born lamb, the carotid chemo-receptors are involved in the response to inhaled CO(2) and that hypoxia potentiates this response.


Drug dependence.

Drug dependence.


Competition between sodium and calcium ions in transmitter release at mammalian neuromuscular junctions. 1. Frequencies of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) were recorded at neuromuscular junctions in rat diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparations in vitro.2. In the presence of raised [K] (15-20 mM) lowering [Na] caused a rapid increase in m.e.p.p. frequency whether [Ca] was low or normal. Raising [Na] towards the normal concentration (162 mM) caused a slow fall in frequency and raising [Ca] in the range 0.32-2 mM caused a slow increase in frequency. These effects were less in the normal [K] (5 mM).3. Mean m.e.p.p. frequencies were determined for solutions containing 15 mM-K and combinations of [Ca] and [Na]. M.e.p.p. frequency varied inversely with [Na] when [Ca] was constant. In each of the three Na concentrations used (162, 113 and 65 mM) raising [Ca] in the range 0.32-2 mM increased m.e.p.p. frequency but when raised above 2-3 mM, Ca depressed frequency.4. A model was proposed in which Ca affected transmitter release by changing the concentration in the presynaptic membrane of a complex CaX to which the rate of transmitter release was directly proportional. Higher concentrations of Ca depressed transmitter release by inactivating CaX. Sodium ions competitively depressed release either by competing with calcium ions for association with X or by reducing the affinity of X for Ca.5. When [Na] was lowered in solutions containing raised [Mg] and [Ca], the increase of mean m.e.p.p. frequency was greater than that observed in raised [Ca] and normal [Mg] and was of the same order as the increases seen in low [Ca]. The result was interpreted to indicate either that Na and Mg do not compete with Ca at the same site or that Mg affects the affinity of X for Ca and Na.6. The effect of lowering [Na] on m.e.p.p. frequency was a specific effect of Na ions. When LiCl was substituted for NaCl, the increase of m.e.p.p. frequency persisted. Changes in [Cl] had no effect on m.e.p.p. frequency.7. There was a linear relation between the mean logarithm of m.e.p.p. frequencies and [K], the slope of the relation increasing as [Na] was lowered. Conversely, lowering [Na] caused a greater increase in m.e.p.p. frequency as [K] was raised.8. The variation of m.e.p.p. frequencies in a diaphragm was roughly proportional to a second or higher power of [Na] and inversely proportion to [Ca]. It was thought that this could be due to differences in chelation of Ca which were more apparent at low Ca concentrations.9. The similarities between the effects of Na, Ca and K on m.e.p.p. frequency and the effects of these ions on Ca-influx in heart muscle led to the suggestion that transmitter release is proportional to the concentration of a negatively charged complex of a carrier X with one calcium ion (CaX) at the internal surface of the membrane and that changes in membrane potential affect transmitter release by changing the distribution or location of CaX in the membrane.


New ante-natal clinic for Malta.

New ante-natal clinic for Malta.


The development of conservation and differentiation of number.


The effects of intravaginal oestradiol-3:17-beta on the cell structure of the vaginal epithelium of the ovariectomized mouse.


Metabolism of 19-nortestosterone by human prostate.


A non-stereospecific Grignard reaction with a 17-keto steroid.


Steroid conjugates. II. The synthesis of a sulfoglucuronide derivative of 17-beta-estradiol.


Production rate of corticosterone sulfate in normal human adults.


Totally synthetic steroid hormones. XIV. (+-) -18-Methyl-19-norprogesterone, 18-methyl-19-nordesoxycorticosterone and related compounds.


Appearance of the base of the brain in relation to the configuration of human skull.


Observations on a giant skeleton.

Observations on a giant skeleton.


Observation on the fine structure of the sheep placenta.


The initiation of walking.

The initiation of walking.


Spinal ganglion cytological responses to axon and to dendrite sectioning.


A microrefractometric study of the salivary glands of the rat after ligation of the excretory ducts.


Elongated vesicles in terminal boutons of the central nervous system, a result of aldehyde fixation.


Articular cartilage of dwarf mice: light and electronmicroscopic studies.


Activity of the corpora lutea in alloxan diabetic rats. A histochemical study.


The respiratory tissue of the Blue whale and the Fin whale.


A quick, faultless and inexpensive method for sharpening microtome knives.


The olfactory apparatus of tubenosed birds (Procellariiformes).


An apparatus for decontamination of scintillation counting vials.


An estimation of the nonelutre dye-protein complex from paper electropherograms through the application of Langmuir's isotherm equation.


Determination of citrate with citrate lyase.


Experimental problems in the use of commercially prepared DEAE-celluloses for protein chromatography.


A modified procedure for radioactive hydroxyproline assay in urine and tissues after labeled proline administration.


Synthesis of alpha-tritiated L-histidine, L-arginine and L-lysine.


A multichannel flame spectrometer. I. Instrumental design.


The assay of yeast ureidoglycolatase.

The assay of yeast ureidoglycolatase.


Microdetermination of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate in plasma with firefly luciferase system.


Quantitative determination of neutral monosaccharide residues in glycoproteins and glycopeptides by thin-layer densitometry.


Estimation of pentoses and methylpentoses in biopolymers, in particular of fucose and xylose.


Gas chromatographic determination of phytol.


Extraction, separation, and quantitative estimation of soluble nucleotides and sugar phosphates in plant tissues.


Determination of hexosamines by gas-liquid chromatography.


A simple method for the determination of the specific activity of carbon dioxide in blood.


Use of activated charcoal for adsorption and elution of ribooligonucleotides.


Antibody to Sindbis virus in a West Nile virus endemic area and the use of different tests for the detection of antibody to these two viruses.


Determination of cystine and other amino acids in the fingernails of members of various ethnic groups in Israel.


Vascular ring.

Vascular ring.


Anemia of pregnancy in a rural community of Upper Galilee.


Hemodilution, hypothermia and fibrillatory arrest in open heart surgery. Experience with 75 patients.


Observations on anemia in pregnancy in India.


The reaction of vaccinia virus with deoxycholate.


Compassion vs. intellectualism. The modern deputies.


Nutrition and anemia.

Nutrition and anemia.


Components of the coronary-prone behavior pattern. Their relation to silent myocardial infarction and blood lipids.


The development of coronary heart disease in relation to sequential biennial measures of cholesterol in the Framingham study.


Spurious effects from an extraneous variable.


Group psychotherapy for patients with chronic multiple somatic complaints.


The treatment of heart block in the elderly.


Conjoint clinic on pain and analgesia.

Conjoint clinic on pain and analgesia.


On the practicability of submaximal exercise testing.


Proelastase: its mode of activation and its location in the pancreas.


Anemias of Ceylonese children.

Anemias of Ceylonese children.


"Nutritional" anemia in an isolated community.


Primary hypoventilation syndrome of central origin.


The effect of anemia on the concentration of folate derivatives in paired fetal-maternal blood.


Change and variation in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy in Jerusalem.


Iron absorption, iron stores and iron deficiency anemia.


Enzymes related to atherosclerosis especially elastase and atherosclerosis.


Respiratory symptoms, vomiting, abdominal distension and hypoproteinemia in an infant.


Prescription writing by generic name and drug cost.


Sex difference in coronary disease: two opposing views.


Interpretation of laboratory data.

Interpretation of laboratory data.


Every doctor's office--a cancer detection center?


The future rôle of the Public Health Inspector. (a). The future scope of his activities.


Irradiation of food.

Irradiation of food.


Centres for medical care. (a). Accommodation for general medical practitioners.


The future rôle of the Public Health Inspector. (b).


A community health team.

A community health team.


Centres for joint use by family doctors and health department staffs.


Clean Air.

Clean Air.


Extracorporeal assist--liver, spleen, and lung.


Early gastric cancer in Japan.

Early gastric cancer in Japan.


pH and pancreatic enzymes in the human duodenum during digestion of a standard meal.


Quantitative estimation of parietal cell secretory function in man.


Deaths from perforated peptic ulcer. A survey of 633 cases in the west of Scotland.


Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) in the treatment of protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption syndromes.


Jejunal biopsy findings, mucosal dehydrogenase activity, and intestinal absorption in patients with complications after partial gastrectomies.


The semiautomatic determination of whole blood CO2 content.


Semiautomated measurements of hemoglobin and total protein in urine using a molecular sieve module.


A simple procedure for removing salts from samples applied to ion-exchange thin-layer plates.


Determination of creatinine in urine by separation on DEAE-Sephadex and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.


An illuminated constant-temperature water bath for the study of photochemical reactions in biological systems.


Improved apparatus for the amperometric titration of sulfhydryl groups.


Reaction of alpha-amino acids with peri-naphthindan-2,3,4-trione hydrate.


Isolation and determination of porphyrins and their precursors in tissue.


A rapid radioassay for folic acid reductase and amethopterin.


Gas chromatography of indole auxins.

Gas chromatography of indole auxins.


Microassay of thiamine and its phosphate esters after separation by paper chromatography.


Gas chromatography of trimethylsilylated bases and nucleosides.


A direct radioisotopic assay for acetylcholinesterase.


Simultaneous autoanalysis of calcium and phosphorus.


Determination of tryptophan derivatives by thin-layer chromatography.


Accelerated automatic chromatographic analysis of peptides on a spherical resin.


Cytogenetics of ticks (acari: ixodoidea). I. Karyotypes of the two Ornithodoros species (Argasidae) restricted to Australia.


Studies with the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, as a Chironomid control.


Sensory functions of the palps and first tarsi of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae), a predator of the house fly.


Treatment of skeletal muscle hypertonia with tranylcypromine.


The systematics of the subfamily Ornithodorinae (Acarina: argasidae). 3. Identification of the larvae of the eastern hemisphere.


Metoclopramide accelerating the introduction of an intraduodenal tube.


Application of lymphography in radiotherapy.


A new double-contrast method in esophageal roentgenology.


Venous complications after lymphography and their treatment.


A simple method for testing the quality of roentgen film under standardized conditions.


Crosscultural definitions applied to the study of functional psychoses in Chilean Mapuches.


Models of madness.

Models of madness.


Psychiatric first admissions from Cambridgeshire.


Double suicide in psychiatric hospital patients.


Psychiatric consultations in a general hospital.


The effects of electro-convulsive therapy on patients with essential hypertension.


Palmar digital sweating in women suffering from depression.


Plasma cortisol levels in depression.

Plasma cortisol levels in depression.


The diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol concentration in depression.


Objective recording of arm and leg activity in normal and clinical samples.


The objective assessment of desensitization.


A psychiatric study of a patient with "pure gonadal dysgenesis".


Anaemia and reticulum cell hyperplasia in schizophrenia.


The prognostic importance of genetic factors in functional psychoses.


Design of controls using force as a criterion.


Experimental isolation of the driver's visual input.


Note on detection of vehicle velocity changes.


Distortion, fill and noise effects on pattern discrimination.


Intersensory comparisons of reaction time using an electro-pulse tactile stimulus.


The instructional system approach to training.


The instructional system approach to maintenance technical training: development and implementation model.


Instructional system approach to flight crew training.


Nonlinear and time-varying dynamical models of  human operators in manual control systems.


Puromycin-induced necrosis of crypt cells of the small intestine of mouse. Chemical and radioautographic analysis of the small intestine of mice injected intraperitoneally with puromycin revealed an immediate decrease of precursor incorporation into DNA and protein and a delayed decrease of precursor incorporation into RNA. In addition to this decrease of precursor incorporation, damage to the crypt cells, but not to the cells of the villus of the small intestine, was observed. Further examination of other dividing cells (spleen) and nondividing cells (liver and heart) of these mice showed again that only cells of actively dividing tissues were damaged. The metabolic inhibitors actinomycin D, cytosine arabinoside, actidione, and puromycin aminonucleoside were used in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of cell damage by puromycin. The results showed that there was no clear correlation between cell necrosis and the pattern of inhibition of synthesis of DNA, RNA, or protein.


Nature of invaginating tubules in Felderstruktur muscle fibers of the garter snake.


Synthesis of the carbohydrate of mucus in the golgi complex as shown by electron microscope radioautography of goblet cells from rats injected with glucose-H3. It is known that colonic goblet cells utilize glucose to synthesize the carbohydrate portion of mucus glycoprotein. To determine the intracellular site of this synthesis, glucose-H(3) was injected into 10-g rats. At 5, 20, 40 min, 1, 1(1/2), and 4 hr after injection, segments of colon were fixed and prepared for electron microscope radioautography. By 5 min after injection, label had been incorporated into substances present in the flattened saccules of the Golgi complex. At 20 min, both Golgi saccules and nearby mucigen granules were labeled. By 40 min, mucigen granules carried almost all detectable radioactivity. Between 1 and 4 hr, these labeled granules migrated from the supranuclear region to the apical membrane; here, they were extruded singly, retaining their limiting membrane. The evidence indicates that the Golgi saccule is the site where complex carbohydrate is synthesized and is added to immigrant protein to form the complete glycoprotein of mucus. The Golgi saccule, distended by this material, becomes mucigen granules. It is roughly estimated that one saccule is released by each Golgi stack every 2 to 4 min: a conclusion implying continuous renewal of Golgi stacks. It appears that the Golgi synthesis, intracellular migration, and release of mucus glycoprotein occur continually throughout the life of the goblet cell.


Sites of glycogen synthesis in rat liver cells as shown by electron microscope radioautography after administration of glucose-H3. Glycogen synthesis was investigated by giving tritium (H(3))-labeled glucose with carrier to fasted rats in vivo or incubating liver slices from fasted rats in vitro using a glucose-H(3)-containing medium. After 15 min or 1 hr, pieces of liver were fixed and radioautographed for light and electron microscopy. In vivo and in vitro, radioautographic reactions appeared over "glycogen areas" and over zones transitional between these areas and ergastoplasm. Treatment of sections by alpha amylase removed all but about 5% of the radioactivity, so that about 95% of it consisted of glycogen (synthesized during the 15 min or 1 hr elapsing after administration of glucose-H(3)). Within glycogen areas and transitional zones, most silver grains were over or very close to glycogen granules and smooth (or partly smooth) vesicles. Presumably, much of the label was added onto growing glycogen granules, in accord with the biochemical view that glycogen may serve as substrate for further glycogen synthesis. The few silver grains located far from glycogen granules-15% at the 15 min interval in vivo-approximated smooth (or partly smooth) vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum. This observation raised the possibility that smooth membranes play a role in glucose uptake at an early stage in de novo formation of glycogen granules.


The configuration of isolated polysomes.


Further studies on the plasma membrane of Staphylococcus aureus.


Studies on cell deformability. II. Effects of some proteolytic enzymes. Murine sarcoma 37 ascites cells were treated with the proteolytic enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin, after which cellular deformability and electrophoretic mobility were measured. It was shown that incubation with trypsin increased the ease with which the cells could be deformed without changing electrophoretic mobility, and that diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-trypsin was inactive, a fact which suggests that trypsin-sensitive peptide linkages help to maintain the "tension" at the cell periphery. On the other hand, chymotrypsin reduced cellular electrophoretic mobility without appreciably altering deformability. This suggests that, although chymotrypsin-sensitive bonds do not contribute to "tension," they are in some way associated with charged groups at the cell periphery.


Recognition of human facial expressions judged live in a laboratory setting.


Conceptual structure, communicator importance, and interpersonal attitudes toward conforming and deviant group members.


Retention of affective material: frame of reference or intensity?


Biogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. I. Structural and chemical differentiation in developing rat hepatocyte. The development of the endoplasmic reticulum of rat hepatocytes was studied during a period of rapid cell differentiation, i.e., from 3 days before to 8 days after birth. Before birth, the ER increases in volume, remaining predominantly rough surfaced; after birth, the increase continues but affects mainly the smooth-surfaced part of the system. These changes are reflected in variations of the RNA/protein and PLP/protein ratios of microsomal fractions: the first decreases, while the second increases, with age. The analysis of microsomal membranes and of microsomal lipids indicates that the PLP/protein ratio, the distribution of phospholipids, and the rate of P(32) incorporation into these phospholipids show little variation over the period examined and are comparable to values found in adult liver. Fatty acid composition of total phosphatides undergoes, however, drastic changes after birth. During the period of rapid ER development in vivo incorporation of leucine-C(14) and glycerol-C(14) into the proteins and lipids of microsomal membranes is higher in the rough-than in the smooth-surfaced microsomes, for the first hours after the injection of the label; later on ( approximately 10 hr) the situation is reversed. These results strongly suggest that new membrane is synthesized in the rough ER and subsequently transferred to the smooth ER.


An analysis of associative behavior and creativity.


Fear and social comparison as determinants of conformity behavior.


Personality integration in college women.


A centerable rotating stage for diffuse reflecting spectrophotometrical microanalysis of living material.


The origin of brain macrophages in the rat.


Some aspects of the neuron-neuroglia relationship.


Some aspects of the development of knowledge of the pineal body.


Duchenne-type dystrophy: selective aspects of diagnosis and management.


Type and incidence of lesions found in a human necropsy survey of skeletal muscle.


The reflex effects of muscle vibration.

The reflex effects of muscle vibration.


Fine control of human muscular movement.


Theme: neurology and general medicine. The association between diffuse sclerosis and Addison's disease.


The neurological manifestations of subacute bacterial endocarditis.


Studies in migraine.

Studies in migraine.


The early diagnosis of acoustic neurilemmoma.


Ultrasound in neurological diagnosis.

Ultrasound in neurological diagnosis.


Symposium on muscle. Some historical and clinical notes.


Elderly psychiatric patients and the burden on the household.


Four cases of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy in childhood (Leigh's syndrome).


Predisposition to sleep-walking.

Predisposition to sleep-walking.


A psychosocial and vocational follow-up study of previously hospitalized asthmatic patients.


Intense transference reactions and the group therapist.


Illness as a social process.

Illness as a social process.


The role of the thyroid in the development of Mauthner's neuron. A karyometric study in thyroidectomized anuran larvae.


Mast cells in the lymphatics of the frog tongue.


Some studies on the fluorescence of mast cells after paraformaldehyde treatment.


Effects of starvation and refeeding on erythropoiesis in mice.


Ultrastructure of the rabbit neurohypophysis with special reference to the release of hormones.


Esterase in the cells of the hind-midgut of the Calliphora female, and its possible dependence on the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain.


The effects of cyanide plus beta-hydroxybutyrate on changes in mitochondrial absorbancy and ultrastructure induced by hypotonicity and inorganic phosphate.


Changes in the pituitary of the migrating European eel during its journey from rivers to the sea.


Further studies on the neurohypophysis of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus).


Ventilation-perfusion ratio Va-Q in pulmonary hypertension.


The effect of immobilization on the phosphate turnover of bone-marrow plasma in dogs.


Changes in the pituitary of the common toad, Bufo bufo, during metamorphosis, and the identification of the thyrotropic cells.


Studies on the binding of mercury in tissue homogenates. 1. This paper describes an attempt to learn more about the binding of Hg(2+) to tissues at pharmacological concentrations of this metal. Other methods were not applicable to such low concentrations of mercury. 2. The method involved equilibrium dialysis of Hg(2+) against 1% homogenates of rat kidney or liver in the presence of penicillamine. Two classes of mercury-binding sites were observed, one class having a chemical affinity for mercury 100-fold greater than the other class. The binding capacities of the class of higher and lower affinity were respectively 1.0x10(-7) and 30x10(-7)mole of mercury/g. wet wt. of tissue. The same classes of binding sites were found in both liver and kidney homogenates. 3. The binding sites of both classes reacted with only one valency of Hg(2+), the other valency forming a bond with penicillamine. Thus the total binding capacities of both classes are equivalent to 50% of the total reactive protein-bound thiol groups in the homogenate. 4. The results eliminate three possible mechanisms for the preferential accumulation of mercury by kidney. They support the idea that the permeability changes in kidney cells resulting in diuresis are similar to the permeability changes produced on the membranes of other mammalian cell species by mercury.


The properties of bovine serum albumin and chymotrypsinogen A in solvent mixtures containing phenol. 1. The optical rotation and reduced viscosity of bovine serum albumin and chymotrypsinogen A in solvents containing phenol, acetic acid and water were studied. 2. The changes brought about in the properties of the proteins by varying the composition of the solvent or by heat treatment in these solvents were established to be reversible. 3. A method for returning the proteins to aqueous media, based on these observations, was worked out. 4. The recovered proteins were shown to be very similar to, if not identical with, the native proteins on the basis of measurements of optical rotation, viscosity, sedimentation, ultraviolet spectroscopy, immunochemical behaviour (serum albumin) and proteolytic activity (chymotrypsinogen A, after activation with trypsin). 5. The importance of the findings for partitioning of polyelectrolytes in the phenol-aqueous buffer systems is discussed.


Biosynthesis and utilization of aromatic compounds by Mycobacterium smegmatis with particular reference to the origin of salicylic acid. 1. Although Mycobacterium smegmatis could utilize a number of aromatic compounds as sole sources of carbon for growth, it did not appear to be able to use salicylic acid for growth or to metabolize it to any great extent. 2. When M. smegmatis was grown on shikimic acid as sole source of carbon, salicylic acid, anthranilic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were released into the medium. When it was grown on quinic acid these compounds, together with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and a number of unidentified compounds, were formed. When it was grown on glucose only small amounts of salicylic acid could be detected. 3. When a washed suspension of cells with a normal iron content was incubated with shikimic acid, only small amounts of aromatic compounds were formed in the medium. When the cells were iron-deficient, substantial amounts of salicylic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechol were formed, together with several other compounds not definitely identified. 4. When washed suspensions of cells, whether iron-sufficient or iron-deficient, were incubated with tryptophan no evidence of formation of salicylic acid, anthranilic acid or phenolic compounds was obtained. Washed suspensions did not convert anthranilic acid into salicylic acid. 5. When cell-free extracts of M. smegmatis were incubated with shikimic acid, or shikimic acid 5-phosphate, traces of anthranilic acid were formed under certain conditions. No formation of salicylic acid or other phenolic compound was observed even when a number of combinations of cofactors and coenzymes were tried.


A new placental metabolite of oestr-4-ene-3,17-dione: a possible source of error in oestrogen estimation.


The biotransformation of gramine into tryptophan in barley shoots.


Intracellular concentration of sodium and glucose correlated with transport phenomena.


Gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver. 1. A modification of the methods of Miller and of Schimassek for the perfusion of the isolated rat liver, suitable for the study of gluconeogenesis, is described. 2. The main modifications concern the operative technique (reducing the period of anoxia during the operation to 3min.) and the use of aged (non-glycolysing) red cells in the semi-synthetic perfusion medium. 3. The performance of the perfused liver was tested by measuring the rate of gluconeogenesis, of urea synthesis and the stability of adenine nucleotides. Higher rates of gluconeogenesis (1mumole/min./g.) from excess of lactate and of urea synthesis from excess of ammonia (4mumoles/min./g. in the presence of ornithine) were observed than are likely to occur in vivo where rates are limited by the rate of supply of precursor. The concentrations of the three adenine nucleotides in the liver tissue were maintained within 15% over a perfusion period of 135min. 4. Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+) and phosphate were found to be required at physiological concentrations for optimum gluconeogenesis but bicarbonate and carbon dioxide could be largely replaced by phosphate buffer without affecting the rate of gluconeogenesis. 5. Maximal gluconeogenesis did not decrease maximal urea synthesis in the presence of ornithine and ammonia and vice versa. This indicates that the energy requirements were not limiting the rates of gluconeogenesis or of urea synthesis. 6. Addition of lactate, and especially ammonium salts, increased the uptake of oxygen more than expected on the basis of the ATP requirements of the gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis.


Naturally occurring anhydrovitamin A2. Transformation into retinene. 1. ;Naturally occurring anhydrovitamin A(2)' obtained from the liver oil of freshwater fish Bagarius bagarius yielded, after six-stage chromatography, a pure product showing characteristic bands at 350, 368 (E(1%) (1cm.) 1006) and 390mmu in ethanol, and producing a green colour with antimony trichloride (E(1%) (1cm.) 1884 at 693mmu). 2. On distribution of the material between light petroleum and 95% methanol, 70% of it is found in methanol, which points to its hydroxylic character. 3. It gives an acetyl derivative, from which the original hydroxy compound can be regenerated on hydrolysis. 4. The infrared spectrum shows, besides other bands, one at 3460cm.(-1) attributable to a hydroxy group. 5. On passing a light-petroleum solution of naturally occurring anhydrovitamin A(2) through manganese dioxide a 6% conversion into retinene(2) is observed. 6. A 3-hydroxyanhydroretinol structure is proposed for naturally occurring anhydrovitamin A(2) and a mechanism of its transformation into retinene(2) on this basis is suggested.


Reconciliation of zonal and frontal studies on concentration-dependent migration in gel filtration.


Cerebellar influences on neuronal elements of thalamic somatosensory relay-nuclei.


Artifacts from chromatography of chlorophylls.


Water transport across isolated frog skin: a critical review of previous techniques and some new experimental results.


The metabolism of cresols by species of Pseudomonas. 1. A comparison of rates of oxidation of various compounds by whole cells indicated that protocatechuate was a reaction intermediate when a non-fluorescent species of Pseudomonas oxidized p-cresol. In contrast, a fluorescent Pseudomonas oxidized 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol when grown with p-cresol, but did not oxidize protocatechuate. 2. Heat-treated extracts of the fluorescent Pseudomonas oxidized catechol, 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol to ring-fission products, the spectroscopic properties of which were recorded. Rates of enzymic degradation of these products were also measured. 3. Acetic acid and formic acid were obtained by the action of a Sephadex-treated extract on 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol respectively. In each case 0.8mol. of the carboxylic acid was formed from 1.0mol. of substrate. 4. Dialysed extracts converted 3-methylcatechol into acetaldehyde and pyruvate, with 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate as a reaction intermediate. 4-Methylcatechol was converted first into 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate and then into propionaldehyde and pyruvate. 5. The ring-fission product of catechol was formed from phenol by a fluorescent Pseudomonas, that of 3-methylcatechol was formed from o-cresol and m-cresol, and the ring-fission product of 4-methylcatechol was given from p-cresol. Propionate was readily oxidized by these cells after growth with p-cresol, but this compound was not attacked when phenol, o-cresol or m-cresol served as source of carbon. 6. Cell extracts appeared to attack only one enantiomer of synthetic 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.


The location of chitin in the yeast cell wall.


A comparative study in vivo and in vitro of the ability of ribosomes from Xenopus liver and ovary to incorporate L-[U-14C]leucine. 1. A system for the incorporation in vitro of amino acids into protein is described for the South African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis laevis Daudin). 2. The incorporation of l-[U-(14)C]leucine by Xenopus-liver microsomes is very much greater per mg. of microsomal RNA than the incorporation by ovary microsomes. 3. The incorporation by Xenopus-liver and -ovary polysomes is approximately the same when expressed per mg. of polysomal RNA. 4. It was predicted from the above results that ovary microsomes should contain a ribosomal fraction inactive in protein synthesis. This was shown to be the case by a labelling experiment in vivo with l-[U-(14)C]leucine. 5. The labelling experiment in vivo also showed that the active polysomal fraction in ovary is associated with membranes and is liberated by treatment with deoxycholate; this is also true of liver microsomes in vivo. 6. The results are discussed in relation to previous work on the synthesis of proteins by amphibian ovarian tissue, and on the role of bound and free ribosomes in protein synthesis.


The further preparation of inorganic cationic yeasts and some of their chief properties. 1. A method is described for replacing the intracellular K(+) of the yeast cell by Rb(+), Cs(+), Li(+) or Ca(2+) ions. In the formation of a calcium yeast it is necessary to proceed first through a sodium yeast (Conway & Moore, 1954) as in the formation of a magnesium yeast (Conway & Beary, 1962). This concludes the series of such yeasts in which almost all the usual K(+) is replaced by another cation, and for which the effect on the properties of fermentation, oxygen uptake and of growth are described. 2. Previous work has shown that all these inorganic cations that can be accumulated in quantity at pH7.0 are taken up by the same carrier, that the uptake of Mg(2+) is almost completely inhibited by anoxia and cyanide (0.2mm) and that in the uptake of Mg(2+) ions a practically equivalent amount of H(+) ions is excreted. It is suggested that these facts amount to a definitive demonstration that the carrier is a cytochrome.


The isolation of 6-alpha-hydroxyoestrone from the urine of pregnant women. 1. In view of previous experiments in vitro and in vivo, in which 6-hydroxylation of phenolic steroids by various tissues was demonstrated, an attempt was made to isolate 6-hydroxy oestrogens from the urine of pregnant women. 2. During this work it was found that free 6alpha- as well as 6beta-hydroxylated oestrogens were extremely unstable under acidic conditions (pH <3); it was therefore necessary to establish experimental conditions under which no rearrangement of the hydroxyl group would take place. 3. By avoiding acid steps during the experimental procedures, a ketonic-phenolic fraction was obtained from enzymically hydrolysed late-pregnancy urine that was subjected to paper chromatography in various systems. 4. By using similar methods on a large scale and partition chromatography on Celite columns, a crystalline material was obtained from 1001. of late-pregnancy urine that was identified as 6alpha-hydroxyoestrone by various chemical reactions and by infrared spectroscopy.


The isolation of two proteins, glycoprotein I and a trypsin inhibitor, from the seeds of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). 1. The isolation of two proteins from the seeds of kidney bean is described. 2. The individual steps in the purification procedure included: extraction of the seeds at pH9.0, dialysis, first against pH9.0 and then against pH5.0 buffers, high-voltage electrophoresis of the proteins soluble at pH5.0 and chromatography on Sephadex G-200, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sephadex columns. 3. Of the two proteins isolated, the first and larger component was a glycoprotein and its carbohydrate part was mainly composed of d-mannose and d-glucosamine together with smaller amounts of arabinose, xylose and fucose. 4. The second protein component isolated was a trypsin inhibitor and was almost entirely devoid of sugars but contained a firmly bound pinkish-blue pigment. 5. The amino acid composition of the two proteins was determined. 6. The glycoprotein contained very little if any cyst(e)ine but was relatively rich in aromatic amino acids, whereas the trypsin inhibitor had an unusually high cystine content (nearly 15%) but was relatively poor in valine and in aromatic amino acids.


Optical and chemical identification of kinetic steps in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-catalysed reactions. Previous interpretations of the mechanism of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-catalysed reactions in terms of two intermediates, the Michaelis complex and an acyl-enzyme, were based on steady-state studies and on the observation of individual steps under sub-optimum conditions. In the present paper new methods for the rapid analysis of chemical events and for the spectrophotometric detection of individual steps are applied to these two enzymes. These methods can be used to study reactions with specific amino acid ester substrates. It can be shown that there are at least three distinct steps between the Michaelis complex and the release of ethanol; the latter is likely to correspond to acyl-enzyme formation. The relative rates of these three steps are measured by rapid-flow techniques from observations of the displacement of chromophoric inhibitors and reactions with specific substrates containing chromophores, as well as from ethanol analyses during a single turnover of the enzyme reactions. It is concluded that the reactions of trypsin and chymotrypsin with their specific substrates involve the formation of a specially reactive conformation of the enzyme-substrate complex and that the rate constants involved in this rearrangement are at least as important for the overall reaction as those of the subsequent formation and decomposition of the acyl-enzyme.


The kinetics of papain- and ficin-catalysed hydrolyses in the presence of alcohols. 1. The maximum rate of production of p-nitrophenol (V(max.)) for both papain- and ficin-catalysed hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl hippurate is independent of methanol concentration up to 2m for papain and 1.5m for ficin. 2. The observed catalytic constant (k(0)) for the production of hippuric acid for both papain- and ficin-catalysed hydrolyses of methyl hippurate decreases with increasing methanol concentration, 1/k(0) being linearly dependent on the methanol concentration. The k(MeOH)/k(H2O) ratio is determined. 3. These results provide strong evidence against general base catalysis for the rate-determining step in the deacylation of hippuryl-papain and hippuryl-ficin and probably for other specific acyl-papains and acyl-ficins. 4. The rate-determining step for the deacylation of the non-specific trans-cinnamoyl-papain appears to be different from that for the specific hippuryl-papain, and is probably subject to general base catalysis. It is possible, however, to accommodate all these observations in a single four-step reaction pathway. 5. Propan-2-ol did not influence the rate of production of hippuric acid for the papain-catalysed hydrolysis of methyl hippurate. A similar result has previously been reported for the ficin-catalysed hydrolysis of methyl hippurate. Ethanol and of course methanol (see 2) decrease the rate of production of hippuric acid for both papain- and ficin-catalysed hydrolyses of methyl hippurate. It is suggested that the secondary alcohol is incapable for structural reasons of approaching the bond to be hydrolysed.


The hydrating effect of lathyrogenic compounds on chick-embryo cartilage in vivo. 1. Treatment of the chick embryo with the lathyrus factor, beta-aminopropionitrile, produces inhibition of polymerization of newly synthesized collagen at the interand intra-molecular level (Levene & Gross, 1959; Martin, Gross, Piez & Lewis, 1961); this is manifest as an increase in the fragility and solubility of collagen from the connective tissues. 2. This treatment simultaneously produced increased hydration of the tissues, particularly noticeable in the swollen long-bone cartilages. 3. This increased hydration of cartilage was found to result from treatment with any of the known lathyrogenic compounds, but not with any of the structurally related but non-lathyrogenic analogues. 4. The hydration effect paralleled the collagen solubility effect, both being dosage-dependent at the lower levels. 5. The hydration effect could not be reversed by treatment in vivo with either pyridoxal or glyceraldehyde, or by Benadryl, an antihistamine that inhibits cell water movement. 6. The possible causes of this effect have been considered in the light of the known properties of cartilage.


The effect of feeding with a tryptophan-free amino acid mixture on rat-liver polysomes and ribosomal ribonucleic acid. 1. Starving rats were given complete and tryptophan-deficient amino acid mixtures by stomach tube and were killed from 1 to 7hr. later. The polysome profile in the livers of rats fed with the tryptophan-deficient mixture showed a shift in distribution such that the large aggregates were decreased and the small aggregates were increased, particularly dimers. This polysome shift was reversed when the complete amino acid mixture was given by stomach tube 2hr. after administering the tryptophan-free amino acid mixture. 2. After removal of liver polysomes by centrifugation, some smaller ribosomal aggregates (oligosomes) remaining in suspension were harvested by prolonged centrifugation of the supernatant fluid. A large increase in the dimer population of this fraction was observed in the rats receiving the incomplete mixture. 3. When the polysome and oligosome fractions were incubated with cell sap, an energy-generating system and labelled amino acids dl-[1-(14)C]leucine and l-[Me-(14)C]tryptophan were incorporated into the cell fractions in the ratio 4.5:1. Preparations of polysomes and oligosomes from rats fed with the tryptophan-free amino acid mixture showed a decreased amino acid-incorporating activity compared with particulate preparations made from rats fed with the complete mixture. 4. The yield of free ribosomes prepared from the unfractionated liver microsomes by treatment with iso-octane was 40-50% greater in rats fed with the amino acid mixture deficient in tryptophan. 5. A post-microsomal fraction was prepared from cell sap and was shown to consist of ribosomal sub-units. When the animals were fed with the tryptophan-deficient mixture, there was an increase in content of this post-microsomal fraction and in the ratio 30s RNA/19s RNA. Rats were also given [5-(3)H]orotic acid at the time of feeding with the amino acids. Lack of tryptophan in the mixture caused a decrease in the specific activity of both RNA fractions which affected the 30s RNA more extensively than the 19s RNA. 6. These changes in the distribution and quantity of the cellular components engaged in protein synthesis are discussed in relation to RNA metabolism and amino acid-incorporating activity of the liver cell and their response to feeding with the tryptophan-free amino acid mixture.


The effect of thymus extracts on phosphorus compounds in muscle and serum, and on serum calcium. 1. Thymectomy in young rabbits decreased the ATP content and increased the inorganic phosphate content of skeletal muscle. The serum calcium content was decreased, whereas the inorganic phosphate content was increased. 2. The administration of a lipid fraction (TL) or protein fractions (CIF and TP) of thymus extracts to thymectomized rabbits in short-term experiments increased the ATP content of muscle and decreased the inorganic phosphate contents of muscle and serum. Serum calcium content was increased. 3. The action of the thymus extract TP was specific only on the phosphate compounds, since the increase in serum calcium concentration was also caused by the control extract from muscle. The action of the extract TL is not specific, being paralleled by the action of a control extract from muscle.


The catalytic-centre activity and kinetic properties of bovine milk alkaline phosphatase. 1. The phosphorylation of milk alkaline phosphatase was studied under various conditions: maximum incorporation occurred at pH5.0 and 50% incorporation at pH6.6-7.0. 2. The phosphorylation was shown to be specific and the results suggest that the active centre of the enzyme is involved in the process. 3. Phosphoryl-enzyme is rapidly hydrolysed at alkaline pH. at pH7.0 the results suggest that a phosphoryl-enzyme could occur as a transient intermediate in the hydrolysis of phosphate esters by the phosphatase. 4. The catalytic-centre activity of the enzyme was found to be 2700sec.(-1) at pH10.0 and 25 degrees with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate.


Studies on the interaction of metal ions with pyruvate kinase from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells and from rabbit muscle. 1. Pyruvate kinase (ATP-pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells was purified approximately fivefold by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme was shown to have an absolute requirement for one univalent and for one bivalent metal ion. 2. The univalent metal ion requirements were satisfied by K(+), Rb(+) or NH(4) (+); Na(+) and Cs(+) were weak activators but Li(+) was inactive. 3. Ca(2+) exhibited ;non-competitive' and ;apparent competitive' effects in relation to the K(+) activation. 4. The bivalent metal ion requirements were satisfied by Mg(2+), Mn(2+) or Co(2+); Ba(2+), Sr(2+), Ca(2+), Ni(2+), Be(2+) and Cu(2+) were inactive. Mn(2+) and Co(2+) were better activators than Mg(2+). 5. The bivalent metal ion requirements of purified pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle were satisfied by Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and to a smaller extent by Ni(2+). Mn(2+) and Co(2+) were better activators than Mg(2+). 6. Ca(2+) competitively inhibited the activation by Mg(2+), Mn(2+) and Co(2+) for both the tumour and rabbit enzymes. 7. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in metal ion specificity between the tumour and rabbit enzymes. 8. The possible role of metal ions in regulating enzymic and metabolic activities is considered further.


Cofactor requirements of the L-malate dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas ovalis Chester. 1. The l-malate dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas ovalis Chester, which is independent of nicotinamide nucleotides and which is structurally and functionally bound to the cell-wall membrane, has been prepared in a soluble form and partially purified. 2. The purified dehydrogenase exhibits a triple cofactor requirement for FAD, quinone and phospholipid, and in the presence of these cofactors can utilize 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as hydrogen acceptor. 3. The formation of reduced forms of FAD was not detected, but in the presence of both FAD and phospholipid the enzyme catalysed the reduction of quinone by l-malate at rates equivalent to those obtained with 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as terminal acceptor. The l-malate dehydrogenase of Ps. ovalis Chester is therefore an l-malate-quinone oxidoreductase. 4. The quinone and the phospholipids present in the fragments of the cell-wall membrane from which the soluble dehydrogenase was prepared have been extracted and purified. The quinone was identified as coenzyme Q(9). At least eight phospholipids were detected, and the major component is an unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine. 5. The nature of the phospholipid required to activate the enzyme depends on the nature of the quinone used in the assay system. When 2-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone is used, a wide variety of phospholipids, including all those isolated from the organism, will activate the enzyme, but when coenzyme Q(9) is used the phospholipid specificity of the enzyme is much more restricted, and the most effective activator is the unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine isolated from the organism. 6. Evidence is presented to support the view that the restricted phospholipid specificity exhibited by the enzyme in the presence of coenzyme Q(9), as opposed to the broad specificity exhibited when 2-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone is used, is due to the fact that coenzyme Q(9) has a large substituent on position 3.


The release of adenosine triphosphate catabolites during the secretion of catecholamines by bovine adrenal medulla. 1. AMP, adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine were present in perfusates collected from bovine adrenal glands during periods when catecholamine secretion was evoked by injections of carbamoylcholine. 2. The molar ratio of catecholamines to ATP-catabolites present in the perfusates was similar to that of catecholamines to ATP in chromaffin granules. 3. ATP added to the perfusing medium was extensively degraded during passage through bovine adrenal glands. 4. The mechanism of catecholamine secretion is discussed.


Essential trace metals in man: copper.

Essential trace metals in man: copper.


Is narcotic addiction a chronic disease?


The interconversion of glycine and serine by plant tissue extracts. 1. Extracts prepared from a variety of higher-plant tissues by ammonium sulphate fractionation were shown to catalyse the interconversion of glycine and serine. This interconversion had an absolute requirement for tetrahydrofolate and appeared to favour serine formation. 2. The biosynthesis of serine from glycine was studied in more detail with protein fractionated from 15-day-old wheat leaves. Synthesis of [(14)C]serine from [(14)C]glycine was not accompanied by labelling of glyoxylate, glycollate or formate. 3. The synthesis of serine from glycine was stimulated by additions of formaldehyde, and [(14)C]formaldehyde was readily incorporated into C-3 of serine in the presence of tetrahydrofolate. 4. The results are interpreted as indicating that serine biosynthesis involves a direct cleavage of glycine whereby the alpha-carbon is transferred via N(5)N(10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate to become the beta-carbon of serine.


Control of haem synthesis by feedback inhibition on human-erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulate dehydratase. The action of haem, haemoglobin and other haemoproteins on crude and purified delta-aminolaevulate dehydratase of human erythrocyte is described. The results show a feedback inhibition by haem of porphyrin synthesis at the level of erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulate dehydratase. Some kinetic characteristics of this inhibition are described.


Analysis of twenty-seven cases of progressive systemic sclerosis (including two with combined systemic lupus erythematosus) and a review of the literature.


Some problems in the use of multiple causes of death.


A proposed index for measuring agreement in test-retest studies.


Bacillus macquariensis n.sp., a psychrotrophic bacterium from sub-antarctic soil.


Mössbauer effect in some haemoglobin compounds.


A denaturation map of the lambda phage DNA molecule determined by electron microscopy.


On the interaction of the active side of alpha-chymotrypsin with chromophores: proflavin binding and enzyme conformation during catalysis.


Lattice constants of lamprey haemoglobin.


Runway performance as a function of hunger level measured as food acceptance.


Assessment of phantom limb sensation among patients with lower extremity amputation.


Effects of stimulus conditions and response contingencies on the development and maintenance of a perceptual discrimination.


Rejection of avant-garde art and the need for simple order.


Sex differences in the differential recall of taboo and neutral words.


The relationship of confidence to competence and imitation behavior.


Can interview interaction measures be taken from tape recordings?


Children's behavior problems and mother's age.


Differential effects of coffee on speed and power tests.


A comparison between certain retinal and cortical activities underlying vision.


On nonverbal interaction.

On nonverbal interaction.


Neuropsychiatric patients, accident proneness, and interest patterns.


A method for studying olfaction in the unrestrained rat.


Perceived discrepancy in attitude intensity between the actors A and B in ABX situations and its effect upon  affect or why don't experimenters utilize all their available data in testing hypotheses?


Kininase activity in experimental pancreatitis.


Prism after-effects: identical results for visual targets and unexposed limb.


Party game model of biological replication.


Hepatic histological changes in ulcerative colitis. A series of 58 consecutive operative liver biopsies.


The effect of moderate doses of curare on certain auditory functions.


Nystagmus parameters of various rotatory stimuli.


Reproducibility of duration of latency time in unidirectional per-rotatory nystagmus.


Smell threshold as a test of central nervous function.


Physiological role of neck muscles in the occurrence of optic eye nystagmus. Relationship of optic head nystagmus to optic eye nystagmus in case of procainization of neck muscles.


Conductive recruitment.

Conductive recruitment.


Histology of the enchondral layer of the human otic capsule. Areas of devitalized and necrotic bone.


Tryptophan load tests and pyridoxal-5-phosphate levels in epileptic children. I. Non-progressive brain damage and degenerative brain disorders.


Tryptophan load tests and pyridoxal-5-phosphate levels in epileptic children. II. Cryptogenic epilepsy.


Central spikes or sharp waves (Rolandic spikes) in children's EEG and their clinical significance.


The pattern of blood lipids, glycerol and ketone bodies during the neonatal period, infancy and childhood.


Urinary oestrogen excretion in newborn infants with congenital dysplasia of the hip joint.


Vaccination with attenuated type I poliovirus, the Chat strain. I. A study of 20 families.


Beta-glucuronidase activity in the serum of infants.


Vaccination with attenuated type I poliovirus, the Chat strain. II. Transmission of virus in relation to age.


Weber-Christian syndrome in a newborn.

Weber-Christian syndrome in a newborn.


Vaccination with attenuated type I poliovirus, the Chat strain. 3. Antibody response and spread of virus in schoolchildren.


Poisoning in children induced by tricholorisobutylacohol suppositories.


A modified method for determining Ki/Km.


Evaluation of quench correction in liquid scintillation counting by internal, automatic external, and channels' ratio standardization methods.


A sensitive and convenient micromethod for estimation of urea, citrulline, and carbamyl derivatives.


The interaction of divalent metal ions with tris buffer in dilute solution.


Improved methods of molding starch gel for zone electrophoresis.


Photometric "titration" of free fatty acids with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer.


Separation of derivatives of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic and 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acids and their acetic homologs by gas chromatography.


Assay of intrinsic-factor activity of human gastric juice with zirconyl phosphate gel.


Paper chromatography of purines and pyrimidines using acetonitrile solvents.


Spectrophotometric monitoring of calcium uptake by skeletal muscle particles.


An accelerated single-column procedure for the automatic analysis of amino acids in collagen and elastin hydrolyzates.


Enzyme resolution in starch gel electrophoresis.


An automated colorimetric mutarotase assay.


A rapid and accurate device for calibrating the Warburg respirometer.


Nitrogen measurement in biological fluids and bone by an automatic Dumas technique.


A micromethod for the assay of phenethanolamine N-methyl transferase.


A rapid assay for cholesterol side-chain desmolase and the quantitative determination of desmolase activity in adrenals.


Colorimetric estimation of amino acids and peptides with the Folin phenol reagent.


Vacuum distillation for the recovery of samples following thin-layer chromatography.


Struma ovarii.

Struma ovarii.


The influence of induced arteriovenous fistula on the growth zones of the femur and tibia in immature dogs. An autoradiographic study.


Nomograms for the estimation of the duration of pregnancy on the basis of the maturity of the child.


Operation for uterine prolapse ad modum Spalding-Richardson in 1955-1964.


Experience with LAC-43, a new anaesthetic with prolonged action, in operative and therapeutic epidural and regional anaesthesia.


Irregular shedding of endometrium.

Irregular shedding of endometrium.


Intrathoracic hibernoma.

Intrathoracic hibernoma.


A comparison of different methods of determinating the haematocrit.


Remarks on the method of determining the haematocrit value.


A method for the exact determination of trapped plasma.


Systematic haematocrit determinations by a general method adapted to large numbers. Results, scientific and clinical value.


Physicochemical requirements regarding reacting solutions for the determination of haemoglobin as haemiglobincyanide.


The quantitative counting of the HbF-cells and the accuracy of the method.


Survey of red cell parameters in 1600 United States hospitals.


A comparative study of seven instruments used in haemoglobinometry.


Report of the ICSH Expert Panel on Haemoglobinometry.


Sources of error in the counting of leukocytes with the Coulter counter.


Frequency distribution histograms and MCV changes of various fractions of erythrocyte populations.


Exact methods for measuring the volume distribution of erythrocytes on the basis of the Coulter principle.


Electronic counting of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.


The electronic counter. Its possibilities for standardization of blood cell count.


Electronic counting of erythrocytes and measurement of erythrocyte volumes with the "TuR" ZG 1.


Measurement or estimation.

Measurement or estimation.


Experience with a blood cell standard.

Experience with a blood cell standard.


The cholesterol side-chain cleavage system of the adrenal cortex: a mixed-function oxidase.


Alkaline hydrolysis of phenylthiohydantoins of amino acids.


Uptake of ammonium ion by chloroplasts, and the mechanism of amine uncoupling.


Involvement of water in electron transport in complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.


The action of oligomycin and of para-hydroxymercuribenzoate on mitochondrial respiration stimulated by ADP, arsenate and calcium.


Ionization of cytochrome.

Ionization of cytochrome.


Probable formation of partially phosphorylated intermediates in the interconversions of phosphorylase A and B.


[The training of inhalation therapy technicians] (Poly].


Catabolite repression of "three sporulation enzymes" during growth of Bacillus licheniformis.


Hepatic circulation and hepatic function during anaesthesia and surgery. IV. Halothane anaesthesia.


Anaesthesia and death.

Anaesthesia and death. The article reviews the number of deaths in which anesthesia played a part, which occurred from 1958 to 1964 in an 800-bed hospital.  21 cases were found in which anesthesia was partially or entirely responsible for the deaths, i.e. a death rate of 1/6158; such cases are described in detail in the article.  The major cause of death was respiratory failure, followed by hypovolemia and regurgitation or vomiting with aspiration.  The article concludes with a review of the published literature on the subject.


Effect of nitrous oxide on myocardial contractility of dogs.


The effect of diazepam on the respiratory response to carbon dioxide.


A simple method of humidifying anaesthetic gases.


Intravenous lidocaine as a supplement to nitrous oxide anaesthesia for radical middle ear surgery.


Differential patterns of activation of the pyramidal system elicited by surface anodal and cathodal cortical stimulation.


Altered spinal motoneurons in dogs with experimental hind-lamb rigidity.


Representation of afferent visceral systems in cerebral cortex in the cat.


Dipole characteristics of pyramidal cell activity in cat postcruciate cortex.


An electrophysiological study of the efferent olfactory system in the burbot.


Efferent influence upon the activity of single neurons in the olfactory bulb of the burbot.


Single unit analysis of cat superior olive S segment with tonal stimuli.


Functional significance of conduction velocity in the transfer of flicker information in the optic nerve of the cat.


Light-scattering changes accompanying spreading depression in isolated retina.


Functional capacity of the deafferented hypothalamus: water balance and responses to osmotic stimuli in the decerebrate cat and rat.


Physiological properties of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia.


Effect of nerve impulses on the membrane potential of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia.


Membrane potential change and cation movement in sartorius muscle fibers after exposure to lithium ions.


Facial base plane of Japanese adults.

Facial base plane of Japanese adults.


Nitrogen and sulphur requirements of Colletotrichum inamdarii Lal.


Varietal response of sorghum to seedling blight caused by Colletotrichum species.


Studies on the basidial formation by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. 3. Perfect stage of S. rolfsii isolates from potato, colocasia and groundnut on a new medium.


Pestalotia brassicicola sp. nov. from India.


Fungi on Lantana camara Linn.

Fungi on Lantana camara Linn.


Physiological studies on powdery mildews from India. Formation of ascospores. I.


A partially thiamin deficient strain of Trichophyton tonsurans.


An account of the market and storage diseases of fruits and vegetables in Bombay Maharashtra (India).


A reinvestigation of Ciliochorella mangiferae Sydow.


Aerobic respiratory activity of the yeastlike phase of Sporotrichum schenckii as affected by high hydrogen ion concentrations.


The genus Phyllosticta in Bombay-Maharashtra. VI.


A new species of Sphaerostilbe and its spermogonial stage.


Some additions to fungi of India. I.

Some additions to fungi of India. I.


Some new host records of Chaetomella cycadina Ramchandra Rao & Baheker from India.


Three new species of Haplosporella speg. from India.


The occurrence of Trichophyton indicum--Randhawa & Sandhu 1963 in Rumanian soil. Some data concerning its immunobiological properties. (Preliminary report).


A new species of Teichospora from India.


Effect of colchicine on Colletotrichum falcatum Went.


Two new species of Haplosporella from India.


Investigations on the hair-digestion by dermatophyta.


Contribution to our knowledge of Ascomycetes of India. 3.


Contribution to our knowledge of Ascomycetes of India. IV.


Contribution to our knowledge of Ascomycetes of India. V.


Studies on the synnematous Fungi imperfecti. I.


Two automatic processing units compared.


Notes on the preparation of technical papers.


Biochemical differentiation of morphologically indistinguishable strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).


The functional anatomy of the copulatory apparatus of male Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).


Cytoplasmic insect alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. I. Preparation and purification.


Boundary spreading of rapidly polymerizing alpha-casein B and C during sedimentation. Numerical solutions of the Lamm-Gilbert-Fujita equation.


Effect of solution composition upon poly U.


Enzymic control of nucleic acid synthesis during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. II. Deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase.


The membrane systems of the mitochondrion. II. The K fraction of the outer membrane of beef heart mitochondria.


The membrane systems of the mitochondrion. III. The isolation and properties of the outer membrane of beef heart mitochondria.


In vitro metabolism of 14 C-labelled pyruvate and propionate by ruminant and dog kidney cortex and medulla.


Effects of D2O on citric acid and pyruvate carboxylase formation by Aspergillus niger.


IUPAC-IUB combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature; abbreviations and symbols for chemical names of special interest in biological chemistry; revised tentative rules (1965).


The action of chymotrypsin on two new chromogenic substrates.


Protein synthesis in avocado fruit tissue.


Exposure of the tryptophyl residues of metmyoglobin in solution.


Action of sulfite on lysozyme.

Action of sulfite on lysozyme.


Influence of inhibitory sugars on the fluorescence of lysozyme.


Polydispersity of succinylated myosin.

Polydispersity of succinylated myosin.


Enzymic conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to cinnabarinic acid by the leaves of Tecoma stans.


Reactivity of active sites of chymotrypsin suspended in an organic medium.


Action of ribonuclease T2 on 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides and related compounds.


Yeast phosphoglyceric acid mutase-modifying enzyme.


The use of deuterium oxide for the detection of water-binding of helical structures in nucleic acids and in polynucleotides.


Protein crosslinkages. I. Effect of iodination on the time-dependent solubility changes of reconstituted collagen fibrils.


Spectroscopic changes accompanying some reactions of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin.


Heterogeneity in the composition of human collagen.


The role of complexed heavy metals in initiating the mineralizing of "elastin" and the precipitation of mineral from solution.


Biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in vivo: formation and polymerization of subunits in the rat and guinea pig.


Transfer of hydrogen from cobamide coenzyme to water during enzymatic ribonucleotide reduction.


The regulation of synthesis of iron and magnesium tetrapyrroles. Observations with mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 1. Cell suspensions of mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, which cannot form bacteriochlorophyll, have been examined for their ability to form other tetrapyrroles under conditions of low aeration. With the exception of strain L-57, the mutants could form carotenoids. 2. All strains, like the parent organism, formed iron protoporphyrin when incubated with delta-aminolaevulate, showing that the iron branch of the biosynthetic pathway operated. 3. Magnesium protoporphyrin or its monomethyl ester was also formed from delta-aminolaevulate by all strains with the exception of L-57. 4. Coproporphyrin and coproporphyrinogen were accumulated by the parent and by strains 2/73 and 2/21 when incubated with glycine and succinate in the presence of ethionine. Strain 2/33, which required methionine for growth, accumulated these compounds in the presence and absence of methionine. 5. Strain L-57 did not accumulate porphyrins from glycine and succinate under any conditions. However, the delta-aminolaevulate synthase of this mutant showed the same rise in activity in response to reduced aeration as did that of the parent organism. 6. Ethionine inhibited production of protoporphyrin and its derivatives from delta-aminolaevulate by the parent strain. 7. The accumulation of coproporphyrin(ogen) under conditions of methionine deficiency may reflect the presence of enzymes of the magnesium branch of the biosynthetic pathway. Strain L-57 may lack a genetic element which determines the development of the entire photosynthetic apparatus. Since this strain did not accumulate coproporphyrin(ogen), the possibility of a specific delta-aminolaevulate synthase, directed towards bacteriochlorophyll synthesis, should be considered.


Incorporation of labelled precursors into the electrophoretic fractions of rat-liver ribonucleic acid. 1. Incorporation of [(32)P]orthophosphate and of [2-(14)C]orotic acid into rat-liver RNA was studied by agar-gel electrophoresis by using u.v.-densitometry and radioautography of dried agar electrophoretograms. 2. During the electrophoresis some low-molecular-weight contaminants, including inorganic phosphate present in the RNA preparations, were separated from the RNA fractions. Since nucleoside mono-, di- and tri-phosphates still interfered, the RNA preparations had to be subjected to a purification procedure [Sephadex G-25 or Dowex 1 (X8)]. 3. In RNA extracted from cytoplasm, isolated microsomes or ribosomes, whatever variations were made in the phenol procedure no special rapidly labelled RNA fraction was detected other than ;soluble' RNA and the ribosomal RNA components. 4. When the whole homogenate or cytoplasmic fraction was treated only with phenol (pH6) a considerable part of the cytoplasmic RNA was not extracted. The treatment of the cytoplasmic fraction with sodium dodecyl sulphate before the addition of phenol increased the yield of the high-molecular-weight RNA and at the same time a higher specific activity was found for the faster ribosomal RNA component. 5. The presence of four distinct rapidly labelled RNA fractions was established in the RNA not extracted by phenol, and they moved slower than the ribosomal RNA. They were extracted only with the use of phenol-sodium dodecyl sulphate at an elevated temperature.


Hydrogen ion-oxygen, hydrogen ion-calcium ion and calcium ion-oxygen ratios during aerobic uptake of calcium ions in liver mitochondria.


The "dimeriser" hypothesis for sugar permeation through red cell membrane: reinvestigation of original evidence.


Tryptophan residues in native and reoxidized muramidase: luminescence properties.


Spin-echo technique study of the non-rotational hydration of deoxyribonucleic acid.


Transport and metabolism of acetate in rat brain cortex in vitro. 1. [1-(14)C]Acetate undergoes metabolism when incubated aerobically at 37 degrees in the presence of rat brain-cortex slices, forming (14)CO(2) and (14)C-labelled amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and relatively small quantities of gamma-aminobutyrate). In the absence of glucose the yield of (14)C-labelled aspartate exceeds that of (14)C-labelled glutamate and glutamine. The addition of glucose brings about a doubling of the rate of formation of (14)CO(2) and a greatly increased yield of (14)C-labelled glutamate or glutamine, whereas that of (14)C-labelled aspartate is diminished. 2. The addition of potassium chloride (100mm) to the incubation medium causes an increased rate of (14)CO(2) formation in the presence or absence of glucose and an increased rate of utilization of acetate. 3. The addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.1mm) suppresses the rate of utilization of [1-(14)C]acetate. 4. The presence of ouabain (10mum) suppresses the rate of formation of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]acetate and the rate of acetate utilization. Acetate conversion into carbon dioxide in the rat brain cortex is both Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent and controlled by operation of the active sodium-transport process. Only the Na(+)-stimulated rate is suppressed by ouabain. 5. Sodium fluoroacetate (1mm) decreases the rate of (14)CO(2) evolution from [1-(14)C]acetate in the presence of rat brain cortex without affecting the respiratory rate. The results are consistent with the conclusion that fluoroacetate competes with, or blocks, a transport carrier for acetate, so that in its presence only the passive diffusion rate of acetate takes place. 6. The presence of sodium propionate or sodium butyrate suppresses the utilization of [1-(14)C]acetate in rat brain cortex and leads to a concentration ratio (tissue/medium) of [1-(14)C]-acetate greater than unity. 7. The presence of NH(4) (+) diminishes acetate utilization, this being attributed to a diminished ATP concentration. Glycine is also inhibitory. It is concluded that acetate transport into the brain is carrier-mediated and dependent on the operation of the sodium pump.


Electrooptical properties of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. II. Study of the deoxyribonucleohistone-proflavine complexes.


Low-temperature action spectra for transformations of photoperiodic pigments.


Density-gradient banding of denatured deoxyribonucleic acid in cesium sulphate.


The stability of the two-bonded collagen triple helix.


The particle length of myosin B in solution.


Feasibility of obtaining Raman spectra from nucleic acid constituents.


Subjective ideas of sexual change in male schizophrenics.


Metabolism-dependent mitochondrial shrinkage coupled to ion movement.


Measurement of anxiety by forearm blood flow.


Somatosensory cerebral evoked responses in psychotic depression.


Schizophrenia in twins: 16 years' consecutive admissions to a psychiatric clinic.


Psychiatric disorders in foster home reared children of schizophrenic mothers.


Psychiatry in Iraq.

Psychiatry in Iraq.


A study of long-term patients attending a general hospital psychiatric department.


Psychiatrists as teachers in medical school. Analysis of teaching goals in a department of psychiatry.


Differences in gastric acid output in response to histamine between male and female guinea pigs.


Vitamin A transport in the rat.

Vitamin A transport in the rat.


Serum binding and biliary clearance of triiodothyronine in cold-acclimated rats.


Propranolol (Inderal) in experimentally-induced cardiac arrhythmias.


Effects of exercise and a cholesterol-free diet on human serum lipids.


Occurrence of Contracaecum larvae in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicholus) from the Black Sea and experimental feeding of the laboratory animals in Turkey.


The effect of nutritional state on ability of the rat to swim to exhaustion.


Glycemia and consecutive passive transfers of an anaphylactoid reaction inducing factor in rats.


Role of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in the stress-induced blood platelet fluctuation.


The cauliflower disease of eels in Germany.


Water intake of rats immediately after exposure to a cold environment.


Some electrical characteristics of sucrose-washed frog sartorius muscle.


The effect of a beta adrenergic blocking agent on chemical changes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis.


Central vasomotor effects of alpha-methyl dopa.


Liver cirrhosis in a Japanese institute of pathology.


Gastric antibodies in patients with histologically examined gastric mucosa.


Another iatrogenic disease: potassium-induced enteric ulcerative stenosis.


The influence of gastrin-related peptides on HCl secretion in man and in cats with gastric fistulas and Heidenhain pouches.


Flight by periscope: making takeoffs and landings; the influence of image magnification, practice, and various conditions of flight.


Individuals and us.

Individuals and us.


Telescope field of view requirements for star recognition.


Representation and strategy in diagnostic problem solving.


A study of a multistage decision making task with an unknown duration.


A comparison of Czechoslovakian human engineering standards for control pushbuttons with United States standards.


The measurement of attitudes toward man-machine systems.


Training for vigilance: a comparison of different techniques.


Influence of repeated injections of 100 TU and 1250 TU, PPD on the development of tuberculin sensitivity in guinea-pigs.


Target conspicuity and visual search.

Target conspicuity and visual search.


A study of chronic colonic diarrhoea and dysentery. I. Clinical, endoscopic and coprological study.


An experimental study of the course of infection in mice after intranasal insufflation with Cryptococcus neoformans.


Urinary excretion of pregnanetriol  and pregnanetriolone in normals and endocrine disorders.


Experimental cold injury: methodology and assessment.


An improvised densitometer for quantitative evaluation of amino acid chromatograms.


Role of Schick test in assessing immunity status and immunization programme.


Spatial S-S proximity in human discrimination learning.


Effects of CS and UCS relationships on electrodermal response and heart rate.


On learning several simultaneous probability-learning problems.


Factors affecting preference for signal-shock over shock-signal.


Temporal factors in verbal satiation.

Temporal factors in verbal satiation.


Atmosphere and conversion errors in syllogistic reasoning.


Verbal repetition, set, and decision latency.


Eyelid trace conditioning, CS intensity, CS-UCS interval, and a correction for "spontaneous" blinking.


On the role of interference in short-term retention.


Shape perception for round and elliptically shaped test objects.


Backward recall with compound stimuli.

Backward recall with compound stimuli.


Backward masking and models of perceptual processing.


Consolidation and retroactive interference in short-term recognition memory for pitch.


Verbal discrimination reversal as a function of overlearning and percentage of items reversed.


Symmetry in paired associates.

Symmetry in paired associates.


Role of stimulus comparison in children's discrimination learning.


Brightness enhancement in intermittent light: methods of measurement.


Sequence of delayed reward and nonrewarded trials.


Adults and the intermediate size problem.


Preference and recall of stimulus variability.


Unavailability and associative loss in RI and PI: second try.


Identification of mono- and dihydroxy bile acids in human feces by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The mono- and disubstituted cholanoic acids present in human feces have been investigated. Extracts of feces were fractionated on silicic acid column and individual bile acids were isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography. The isolated compounds were studied by gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters, partial trimethylsilyl ethers, oxidation products, and trifluoroacetates. The probable structures deduced were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by comparisons with authentic compounds. The following derivatives of 5 Beta-cholanoic acid not previously isolated from human feces were identified: 3,12-diketo, 3-keto-12alpha-hydroxy, 3alpha,12 Beta-dihydroxy, 3 Beta,12 Beta-dihydroxy, 3-keto-7alpha-hydroxy, 3alpha-hydroxy-7-keto, 3 Beta,7alpha-dihydroxy, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy, and 3alpha,7 Beta-dihydroxy. The presence of 3-keto-, 3 Beta-hydroxy-, 3alpha-hydroxy-, 3 Beta-hydroxy-12-keto-, 3alpha-hydroxy-12-keto-, 3 Beta,12alpha-dihydroxy-, and 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5 Beta-cholanoic acids was confirmed. Evidence was obtained for the presence of two bile acids having at least one hydroxyl group at a carbon atom other than C(3), C(7), or C(12).


Insanity as a ground for judicial separation and divorce.


Applications of histochemistry to forensic medicine.


Unnecessary compulsory admissions to a psychiatric hospital.


Fatal pulmonary embolism: Factors of forensic interest in 400 cases.


Forensic aspects of traumatic nonpenetrating heart disease.


The relevance of certain modern analytical methods to identification problems.


Identification of a body by unusual means.


The case of the Colonel's teeth.

The case of the Colonel's teeth.


Eosinophils in the spleen in cases of lethal anaphylactic shock.


"Battered Baby": accidental death due to a fall. Subdural haemorrhage: severe congenital skeletal malformation.


A case of drowning in a vat of beer and two other short case reports.


Mechanical large bowel obstruction. Simulating paralytic ileus.


Mitral stenosis. Functional and clinical manifestations.


Voided urine cultures in women. A study of 425.


Medicine--a profession or a business?

Medicine--a profession or a business?


Preprints galore.

Preprints galore.


Modifying effects of anions on the alkali-cation-activated AMP deaminase of human erythrocyte.


Four years of information exchange.

Four years of information exchange.


Lipid biosynthesis from labelled precursors in an experimental brain tumor-bearing mouse.


Plexectomy as an aid in blocked ventriculo-venous shunts.


Anomalous carotid-vertebral anastomosis: primitive cervical segmental artery.


Cerebral scintiscanning with radioactive mercury in the diagnosis of brain tumors.


The effectiveness of various soothing techniques on human neonates.


Problems on cardiac electric stimulation roentgenological features.


Triple ureters, a case report.

Triple ureters, a case report.


The role of psychological and social factors in the onset of somatic illnesses in children.


X-ray findings after partial gastrectomy: a serial study in man.


Systems and psychosomatics. An introduction to "psychosomatic manifestations of rapport in psychotherapy".


A safe and simple method for lymphographic examination.


A case of diffuse cerebellar hypertrophy.


Autonomic responses of asthmatic children.


Psychosomatic manifestations of rapport in psychotherapy.


Electron microscope studies of Schwann cells during the Wallerian degeneration with special reference to the cytoplasmic filaments.


Effects of hypnotically induced acute emotional stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus.


The skin of primates. XXXI. The skin of the black-collared tamarin (Tamarinus nigricollis).


Chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary with extensive calcifications.


Visual acuity and excitement.

Visual acuity and excitement.


Occlusal attrition, transpalatal dimensions and the early New Zealand Maori.


Prognostic implications of psychiatric diagnosis in ulcerative colitis.


Morphological analysis and age in the permanent dentitions of young American Indians.


Hypnotically induced visual hallucinations.


A comparative study of the fixation of 75Se and 35S onto protein-polysaccharides of bovine costal cartilage.


Properties of surface materials released from cells of Chromobacterium violaceum.


Isolation and characterization of a neurotoxin from Vipera palestinae venom.


Pyridoxal-specific antibodies obtained with a synthetic pyridoxal-polypeptide conjugate.


Agglutination by polylysine of young and old red blood cells.


Irradiation deoxyribonucleohistone solutions. I. Amino acid destruction.


Irradiation of deoxyribonucleohistone solutions. II. Labilization of the DNA-histone linkage.


Absorption and storage of retro-vitamin A acetate.


The conversion of [3H]tyrosine to [3H]DOPA in mouse melanoma in vivo.


Factors affecting the anaerobic photolysis of the cobalt-carbon bond of cobalt-methylcobalamin.


Formation of vitamin B 12s by anaerobic photolysis of cobalt-alkylcobalamins.


A possible mechanism for the biosynthesis of eschscholtzxanthin.


Deacetylation of N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate by the bovine parotid gland extract.


An assay for newly synthesized intracellular flagellin.


The effect of anoxia, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2-deoxyglucose on muscle glycogen synthetase.


The effect of lysozyme on chitin oligosaccharides.


The reduction of S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and L-methionine sulfoxide in turnip and bean leaves.


Effect of K+ and choline on metabolism of rat-kidney slices.


Incorporation of amino acids into a lipid fraction of kidney cortex.


The identification of metabolites of retinal and retinoic acid in rat bile.


Open heart surgery in normothermic total body perfusion and topical cardiac hypothermia.


Ascorbic acid and the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate.


Open heart surgery for multiple valve disease.


Transplantation of coronary arteries. An experimental study.


Toxicity of blood induced by disc oxygenator.


Cerebral ischemia caused by kinking of the carotid artery.


Resection of a post-infarction aneurysm in a four year old child.


Radiotherapeutic modalities in relation to indigent and private patient groups for inoperable cancer.


Aneurysm of the left ventricle with peripheral embolization. Report of a case treated surgically.


Hemodynamic observations on long-term complete circulatory exclusion of the right heart.


Pseudocoarctation associated with aneurysm of the aortic arch.


Atresia of the pulmonary valve with normal pulmonary artery and intact ventricular septum in a 21 year old woman.


Hypertensive cardiovascular disease caused by giant arterio-venous fistula of the kidney.


Cytochemical studies on the behaviour of some oxidative enzymes in cerebellum of rats chronically poisoned with carbon tetrachloride.


On the radiological classification of occupational pneumoconiosis according to a Finnish group investigation.


Distribution of amino acids between plasma and spinal fluid.


The hyperkinetic child--a forgotten entity, its diagnosis and treatment.


Epidemiologic detention of agents whose effects depend on host susceptibility.


Medical treatment of tic douloureux.

Medical treatment of tic douloureux.


Evaluating anxiety in medical patients.

Evaluating anxiety in medical patients.


Johns Hopkins conjoint clinic on vitamins.


Metastatic tumors of the umbilicus.

Metastatic tumors of the umbilicus.


Summary of the yearly activities of the Refik Saydam Central Institute of Hygiene in 1966.


Studies on the peroxidase effect of cytochrome c. V. Spectrophotometric titration of a reversible conformational change of ferricytochrome c in acid aqueous solution.


On the heterogeneity of beef heart cytochrome c. II. Some physico-chemical properties of the main subfractions (Cy I-Cy 3).


On the heterogeneity of beef heart cytochrome c. 3. A kinetic study of the non-enzymic deamidation of the main subfractions (Cy I-Cy 3).


Thin-layer chromatography of plant extracts. IV. Alkaloids.


On the metabolism of fusidic acid in man.


Demonstration of a proteolytic enzyme, salivain, in rat saliva.


Chromatographic separation of sugars. V. Separation of some epimeric heptonolactones.


A chymotrypsin-like protease from the rat submandibular gland.


Fungus pigments. 18. The structure of "dihydroisothelephoric acid hexaacetate".


Classification of glyceride crystal forms.


The combining ratio between trypsin and serum alpha-2-macroglobulin.


Isolation and identification of prostaglandins from ram seminal plasma. Prostaglandins and related factors 55.


Synthesis of 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid (pristanic acid).


Cholesterol in the milk of cows on normal and protein-free feeds.