Coalition attacks malpractice awards.

Coalition attacks malpractice awards.


Benefit tax would burden self-insurers.

Benefit tax would burden self-insurers.


Titles and designations and the C.S.L.T.


Amateur auditors. Employers give workers incentive to review hospital bills.


The development of an occupational therapy program in a solarium area. This paper introduces the use of a solarium area, with primary emphasis on horticultural activities, as a medium within which a comprehensive Occupational Therapy program can be developed. The specific treatment goals of training in the use of energy conservation principles is outlined for the inpatient population of a rheumatology unit in an active treatment hospital. Other goals can be incorporated into this protocol. The unusually wide range of physical demands available and the opportunity to modify the patient's work style make the solarium area particularly relevant to physical Occupational Therapy.


Professional negligence and the occupational therapist. This paper will attempt to clarify the meaning of negligence. The difference between the negligent acts of a layman and a professional are defined and compared, as well as professional and non-professional occupations. The method of determining the standard by which occupational therapists are measured is discussed as well as the points the Courts consider when the standard is breached and harm to the patient results. Consideration is given to the gradual shift of responsibility from the physician to the health care professional, the ensuing legal implications, and the division of responsibility for negligence. The position of occupational therapists employed by health care facilities, in relation to the liability of the employer and the practitioner are outlined. The points discussed are illustrated by cases from the British, Canadian and American Courts.


The corporation on campus--balancing responsibility and innovation.


The corporation on campus--supporting research with a commercial mission.


Peer review--a study of reliability.

Peer review--a study of reliability.


Avoiding common hospice pitfalls.

Avoiding common hospice pitfalls.


Current developments in hospice care.

Current developments in hospice care.


Carol Manning: a hospice case study.

Carol Manning: a hospice case study.


A tribute to George Sandora, Rev. Q. Gerald Roseberry, Mary-Audrey Mellor and the Hospice of the Valley.


Hospital Home Health Care of California.


Geriatric nurse practitioner--vital to hospice & home health.


The medical oath.

The medical oath.


No resuscitation orders: the emerging consensus.


Theology of health care and the Diocesan Church.


Defined-benefit retirement annuities: testing competitiveness.


Research results: the effect of merit-pay practices on white collar performance.


Do not resuscitate orders--are they legal?


Quality assurance--calling a spade a spade.


Internal labor markets and indirect pay discrimination.


Hospital management trends: sharing services.


Bioethics: definition and importance for today.


The Hawkesbury experiment.

The Hawkesbury experiment.


The board's mandate--operating the hospital.


Selecting a materials management system--make sure it's adequate.


Discharge planning models. St. Mary Medical Center, Long Beach, CA.


Microcomputers for hospital materials management--can they do the job?


Material management: information system requirements.


Systems approach to discharge planning--monitoring the process.


The delinquent account.

The delinquent account.


Getting the message across in hard times.


The discharge and care of the pediatric oncology patient.


Hospice: a challenge to the community hospital.


Evolution of a community program for the dying and their families. A direct outcome of the death and dying movement has been the establishment of community programs designed to provide intervention services, support and education for the dying and their families and for the community at large. This paper discusses the evolution of such a program. Included in the discussion is a brief history, the nature of the program that evolved, problems related to community acceptance, and the current status and future of the program. Although the experiences of this program are to a degree unique, issues are raised that are likely to be common to many such community programs.


Young mothers' communication about death with their children. Young mothers' death-communication style and content patterns were determined by use of a simulation device in which a child's recorded voice posed questions or expressed reactions to a death situation. Eight different situations were constructed, depicting two each of four common reactions of children to a type of death occurrence (fear, curiosity, anger, fantasy/denial). Interviews were conducted with 100 mothers of young children who also responded spontaneously to each of the eight situations just as they might respond to their own children. Judges were able to place the women's recorded responses into both content and style categories. Content patterns were inconsistent; style (relationship) classifications appeared to be most consistent, with subjects falling into four predetermined style patterns (open-warm, open-cool, closed-warm, closed-cool) and one mixed category. Parents' reaction differences appeared only in the more ego-involving situations in which the child displayed some emotions, whereas a majority of mothers responded similarly to the "developmental curiosity" of the child. Background and personality factors relating to communication styles were investigated; factors labeled "commitment to education" and "resistance to emotional discussion" discriminated most clearly among the five style groups. combined groups (open versus closed, warm versus cool) also revealed significant differences. Implications for parent education and for further research are discussed.


consumer preparedness, knowledge, and opinions about practices and regulations of the funeral industry. This study focuses on consumers' level of knowledge, opinions, and degree of preparedness concerning selected practices and regulations of the funeral industry. Questionnaires were returned by 75 percent of the sample of faculty and staff at a large university. Opinions of respondents rejected the status quo concerning various practices and regulations of the funeral industry, indicating a desire to support newly suggested changes in the industry. Preparedness scores indicated that almost 9 out of 10 of the respondents were quite unprepared for their own funerals. The mean achievement score regarding knowledge as measured by the Consumer Funeral Test, which was developed for this study, was 4.0, representing 57 percent correct. Significant statistical relationships existed between knowledge scores and the age, education, and sex of the respondents; those who were older and had more education scored higher, and men scored higher than women. No relationships existed, however, among knowledge, opinion, and preparedness scores and the demographic variables of age, education, income, sex, and religion, raising the fundamental question of the value of funeral information programs for consumers.


Levels of death fear: a factor analysis. This article reports principal components and factor analyses of the scores of 60 high school and college students on the seven measures developed by Feifel and his colleagues to assess fear of death at the conscious, imagery, and nonconscious levels. The results did not support the presence of the three predicted levels. The best solution seemed to be the four-component or four-factor solution. The first factor seemed to be a measure of conscious death fear. The other three factors were determined by combinations of the nonconscious measures, suggesting that these measures are assessing different aspects of the subjects' behavior relative to death.


Dependents' pregnancy-related medical benefits and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act.


The impact of regulation on pharmaceutical research expenditures: a dynamic approach. This paper estimates the impact of federal regulation of drug quality on research spending by the pharmaceutical industry. The theoretical approach recognizes that the effects of these regulations on research spending depend upon the reactions of R&D decision makers and the information available during project selection. The information available to R&D decision makers in the 1960s suggests that it would have been difficult for them to forecast accurately regulatory effects on research profitability. As better information developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, regulation had a significant effect on research spending. These differences in response are tested econometrically and prove to be empirically significant. The estimates of current regulatory effects on pharmaceutical R&D spending are quite large.


Managing organizational values.

Managing organizational values.


The human hospital.

The human hospital.


Mid-West Health Congress examines techniques for effective management.


Health care coalitions gain nationwide popularity but need cohesiveness, trust to work properly.


Telling employees about health care cost controls.


First all-labor health care coalition forms.


Call-jumping, competition blamed for Atlanta citizen's death.


Hospitals, druggists, EP's at odds over DEA ruling.


The enabling leader.

The enabling leader.


Cost containment procedures.

Cost containment procedures.


Limiting your risks in the new Russian roulette--discharging employees. Time was when an employer had the freedom to discharge employees for a good reason, a bad reason, or no reason at all. As more and more employees bring claims of "wrongful discharge" to courts, however, employers' discretion to terminate employees at will is being restricted. This is particularly so where cases are presented before juries, which tend to be more sympathetic to the employee's plight. In the following article, the author examines the circumstances under which courts are now finding employers responsible for wrongful discharge. He also discusses ways in which employers can limit their exposure to wrongful discharge claims.


A simple quantitative system for evaluation of state EMT instructors.


Contract management: is 50% of the hospital market within reach? Part 2.


An integrated pest management concept for hospitals.


Working with cost containment...

Working with cost containment...


Pharoah ants & methoprene.

Pharoah ants & methoprene.


Contract management: is 50% of the hospital market within reach? Part 4.


Budgets.

Budgets.


Coping with budget cuts.

Coping with budget cuts.


Dealing with a changed regulatory climate: OSHA under the Auchter administration. Traditionally, the relationship between OSHA and the employer faced with an OSHA inspection has been an adversarial one. Employers have tended to perceive OSHA inspectors as nitpicking and antagonistic rather than helpful in performing their functions as agents monitoring occupational safety and health in the work place. With the appointment of Thorne Auchter as assistant secretary of labor for occupational safety and health, however, the climate for cooperation between employers and OSHA has substantially improved. Auchter has taken steps to improve the image of the Agency and its inspectors while at the same time correcting federal overregulation of the work place. In the following article, the author outlines the changes Auchter has brought to OSHA in his efforts at redirecting the Agency's operations. He also provides a step-by-step guide for employers to follow during an OSHA inspection.


Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982: its impact on employee benefits.


How to make pest control your service instead of someone else's business.


Floor care that works. The secret is the sealer and the system.


How to refuse a raise request.

How to refuse a raise request.


Trauma centers: classification.

Trauma centers: classification.


BLS (basic life support) is not enough.

BLS (basic life support) is not enough.


Contract management: is 50% of the hospital market within reach? Part 5.


Advances in floor care products & procedures.


Infection control.

Infection control.


Trousers against shock.

Trousers against shock.


Life flight.

Life flight.


A break through in hard surface floor care.


IPM offers varied menu to Houston corporations.


Fed support for worksite health promotion continues.


Dissemblers and EEO.

Dissemblers and EEO.


St. Barnabas nurses win it.

St. Barnabas nurses win it.


New nursing trends threaten LPNs' future.


Emergency personnel encounter increasing violence and vandalism on runs. What are some solutions?


9,000 New York home care workers win first contract.


The essence of good report writing.

The essence of good report writing.


N.Y. hospitals say 'no' to nuclear war plan.


1199 to Reagan: 'don't gut hospital standards'.


Cancer and hospital workers.

Cancer and hospital workers.


Social workers under fire.

Social workers under fire.


Organizing state hospital workers in West Virginia.


National union seeks health coverage for unemployed.


The death of accountability--EMS evaluation in the era of block grants.


A new concept in CPR recertification training.


3,200 Massachusetts professionals choose 1199.


The psychosocial functioning inventory.

The psychosocial functioning inventory. The derivation and psychometric analyses of a general purpose outcome/survey instrument--the Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (PFI)--are described. The instrument contains scales designed to measure a wide array of constructs, including subjective well-being, social functioning, stressful events, treatment dependency/aftercare, and consumer satisfaction. Extensive reliability and validity analyses are reported, indicating reasonable reliability and validity for the PFI scales.


Quantitative analysis of a licensing examination using adverse impact. Does licensure restrict entry fairly, or does it serve as a discriminatory barrier for minorities? The use of the concept of adverse impact, a legally mandated, quantitative tool to assess selection procedures, is a useful mechanism to make such determinations. The results of a study in Michigan of the nursing examination for licensure show how adverse impact may be used. The implications of the outcome of the adverse impact study weigh heavily not only on the nursing examination but also on the use of such tools in other health professions.


An evaluation of a cancer control outreach program in radiation therapy. Using the methodology of retrospective chart review, this study in radiation therapy compared workup and treatment scores for two groups of community hospitals. The group that participated in clinical trials with a radiation therapy cooperative consortium was superior in several respects to a matched comparison set of hospitals. However, the superiority appears to have been in evidence before the program began. There are presumed to be selection mechanisms that operate to bring certain facilities into the clinical research effort, while excluding others.


Spatial rearrangement. Its effect on social environment in a renal dialysis clinic. There has been little research on social environments created by spatial arrangements in health care and how these social environments may affect the nature of health care. This article describes changes in the social environment of a renal dialysis clinic that were created by an alteration in the spatial arrangements. It was found that changes occurred in the communication between staff and patients, the communication among patients, and the communication between patients and visitors. These changes in turn raised questions about the quality of care available to patients.


Measuring the instructional validity of clinical simulation problems. Written clinical simulation problems in two formats--forced-choiced and essay--were used to test junior and senior medical students at the conclusion of their pediatric rotations. A comparison was made in the performance of students with varying levels of clinical experience. There seemed to be no consistent pattern of improvement with increased instructional time on the forced-choice management problems. Junior students did show improvement over time on the essay management problems, which also seemed to reflect the increased problem-solving and organizational skills of seniors in comparison to juniors. Correlations across problems and correlations between the clinical problem test and other measurement techniques were very weak, partly due to the low sampling reliability of clinical simulation problems. In this study, clinical simulation problems failed to demonstrate responsiveness to development and maturation in the problem-solving approach to patient care.


Collecting mental health self-evaluations. Effectiveness and cost of three third-party techniques. The effectiveness and cost of three techniques for obtaining client ratings of their own levels of functioning were assessed in a private, outpatient, mental health clinic. Seventy-five clients were asked to rate the adequacy of their own functioning on vocational, family, social, personal, and overall dimensions. Clients were randomly assigned to (a) mail, (b) telephone, or (c) mail followed (if necessary) by telephone administration of the ratings questionnaire. Mail followed if necessary by phone administration was found to be more cost effective than either mail alone or telephone alone.


A systematic approach to increasing use of management-oriented program evaluation data. With the implementation of Management Information Systems (MISs) in human service delivery settings, came the expectation that managers would make data-based decisions. There is substantial evidence, however, that this has not occurred. The present authors describe a systematic approach to correcting this deficiency. The approach involves a behavioral definition of management information use, the identification of disruptions in the behaviors comprising information use, and an intervention designed to reduce disruptions and promote use. Conclusions about the effectiveness of this approach gained from its implementation in a community mental health center are described.


A service delivery program and its evaluation. A case study in the sociology of applied research. Descriptions are rare of instances in which true experimental designs have been implemented in evaluating ongoing programs. This article is a case study of a health service delivery program and the classical pretest-posttest randomized experiment that evaluated it. The main theses are (1) that the research developed was based on the values and interests of the persons and institutions involved, and concordance in interests and values among the several parties was responsible for success in implementing the rigorous experimental design; and (2) that the program being evaluated and the research evaluation affect each other in significant ways, some intended and others unanticipated.


Evaluation and social policy. Some reflections on ideas and institutions. This paper discusses the relationship between evaluation as a meta- and as a technical activity in the field of social policy, with special reference to the British experience. Evaluation as a meta-activity is defined to be the analysis of the values and criteria to be used: a process which assumes that the definition of problems is itself problematic. Evaluation as a technical activity is defined to be the application of agreed criteria to agreed policy problems. From this distinction, it is argued, some important implications flow for the role of the universities and the funding of research.


A framework for viewing the process of standard setting. The standard-setting literature is filled with contributions in which issues associated with standards are discussed and various methods for setting standards are presented and reviewed. Almost no attention has been given to guidelines for helping standard-setting groups or committees address the issues and technical matters that arise in selecting and implementing a standard-setting method and finally setting a standard (or standards). This article was prepared to describe sets of context-setting variables and technical matters associated with standard-setting to assist groups or committees desiring to set standards in a systematic way.


The utilization of prevailing evaluation policy in the selection of performance measures. This study considers the problem of inferring a functional evaluation criterion from existing performance measure policies. The objective is to develop a rational basis by which to adaptively evaluate a current best set of performance measures from alternative sets. The analysis is based on a matrix approach for relating system characteristics to performance measures across a set of activities. A procedure for ranking measure combinations which are candidate implementation alternatives is devised using this matrix representation and cost information. An example illustrating the procedure is presented.


A multi-dimensional client satisfaction instrument. Development of a client satisfaction measure through successive factor analyses is described. Five factors, each defined by five items and accounting for at least 11% of the total variance, were identified and replicated. A single second order factor also emerged in both studies. Reliability of the second order factor, and of three of the first order factors is sufficient for most purposes. The second order factor, which is a linear combination of the first order factors, was not significantly correlated with sex, age, race, or number of attempts made before receiving a client response. The distribution of scores was highly skewed, with most respondents scoring near the upper (satisfied) end.


Evaluations of government programs.

Evaluations of government programs.


Research on implementation. Implications for evaluation practice and evaluation policy.


Using macro variables in program evaluation. This paper discusses the importance of using macro-level variables for program analysis. It is argued that three types of macro variables--cultural, economic, and demographic--provide a context for evaluation, and offer alternative explanations for the success or failure of a program. The problems of causality and availability of data are discussed. Macro variables are seen to be especially useful in "meta evaluation," and in integrating the results of specific program evaluations into general conclusions.


The client satisfaction questionnaire. Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. An 18-item version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-18) was included in an experimental study of the effects of pretherapy orientation on psychotherapy outcome. The psychometric properties of the CSQ-18 in this study were compared with earlier findings. In addition, the correlations of the CSQ-18 with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome measures were examined. Results indicated that the CSQ-18 had high internal consistency (coefficient alpha = .91) and was substantially correlated with remainer-terminator status (rs = .61) and with number of therapy sessions attended in one month (r = .54). The CSQ-18 was also correlated with change in client-reported symptoms (r = -.35), indicating that greater satisfaction was associated with greater symptom reduction. Results also demonstrated that a subset of items from the scale (the CSQ-8) performed as well as the CSQ-18 and often better. The excellent performance of the CSQ-8, coupled with its brevity, suggests that it may be especially useful as a brief global measure of client satisfaction.


Evaluating employee assistance programs. A review of methods, outcomes, and future directions. Renewed interest in assisting troubled employees has led to an upsurge in the development of employee assistance programs, coupled with demands for demonstrable effectiveness. This review examines the nature and scope of these programs, their administrative and methodological context, and the types and outcomes of evaluation studies conducted thus far. Proposals for improving future investigations through a number of different approaches and strategies are then made.


On participant-observation as a component of evaluation. Strategies, constraints and issues. Described here is a participant-observation strategy employed as one portion of the evaluation research at Family House, a residential treatment program for alcoholic mothers and their children. Major objectives of this leg of a two-legged research design combining this approach with a more standard pre- and post-test strategy were to document and analyze the processes of social development in the new "small society." The ethnographer acted as consultant, with "raw data" generated in the form of daily observations dictated on the rotating basis by staff members over a two-year period. The resulting narrative was coded and analyzed by the anthropologist, utilizing a phenomenological or interpretationist perspective which allowed the "native categories" of significance to emerge and guide the analysis. This novel research strategy is compared with standard ethnographic fieldwork, as well as with pre- and post-test design, in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. Strengths include access to an authentic "inside view" of Family House reality, as well as an unusually rich longitudinal record of daily life in the facility. Problems include danger of contaminating the data by means of the "feedback" provided to reward staff for their cooperation in the research effort. The author concludes, however, that since reactive effects are present in all designs, and since "feedback" is a normal feature of therapeutic milieux, validity is not unusually threatened. Finally, the purposes of evaluation research are scrutinized.


Evaluation in the community mental health centers program: a bold new reproach? The Federal Community Mental Health Centers Program (CMHC)-from 1963 to 1981-was heralded as a revolution in mental health care. Championed by many, and severely criticized by others, the actual impact of the program on the nation's mental health remains unclear. The authorization to evaluate the CMHC Program came originally from congressional legislation (PL 90-174), and later from the policies and regulations of NIMH under a series of Federal laws, notably PL 94-63. From 1976-1980, two dominant evaluation strategies were prevalent: funds expended by NIMH each year for studies of CMHC services or program-wide evaluations, and a much larger expenditure by CMHCs to conduct their own, independent evaluations following federal guidelines. As the Center's Program was turned over to the states in the form of block grants (PL 97-35), a group of professionals involved with setting and carrying out federal CMHC evaluation policy of both varieties met in public forum to debate the impact of these two evaluation approaches. While some participants cited gains in evaluation technology and impact upon local management of CMHCs, others found the lack of a coordinated and systematic approach to evaluating the CMHC Program to have been an opportunity missed. The impact of CMHC evaluation efforts are also discussed in terms of their major contribution to the field of evaluation research as a whole.


The emotional cost of Reaganomics.

The emotional cost of Reaganomics.


Pragmatic decisions in the evaluation of consumer satisfaction with mental health treatment. This article examines pragmatic choices which must be made in conducting consumer satisfaction assessment of mental health treatment. It is argued that choices involving sample, format, and procedure for examining satisfaction may influence the results of such research, and must be considered when creating or evaluating these efforts. These choices are examined in detail.


Archival data in program evaluation and policy analysis. Evaluators have typically avoided using existing data sets, choosing instead to collect their own information to maintain control over both the content and quality of the data. As demands on action researchers increase without provision for additional resources, primary data collection may become a luxury and the use of archival data may increase. Though archival data has practical and methodological advantages, there are limitations associated with the utilization of such information. The general problems with secondary data sources include the accuracy, acceptability and accessibility of the information. Following a discussion of these general problems, an example from the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) reimbursement data set is presented to illustrate specific difficulties with using archival data for evaluation research. Strategies are then presented for minimizing these difficulties, including determining the feasibility of utilization of such data sources, methods for assessing their accuracy and factors to consider in the data acquisition process.


Outcome evaluation or treatment research?: A response to Ciarlo (1982).


EMT and paramedic training facilities.

EMT and paramedic training facilities.


Outcome assessment in evaluation and treatment research: A response to Ciarlo and Hargreaves (1982).


Assessing the efficacy of ombudsman services for the aged in long term care institutions. Long term care ombudsman programs are a recently established component within the gerontological services continuum. Public policy in this area is not yet well defined and there is a conspicuous absence of systematic studies assessing the effectiveness of such program efforts. This research reports on the accomplishments of an urban based, volunteer nursing home ombudsman program. Survey findings show moderate levels of goal attainment in the policy and social relations domains and more promising results in the organizational/managerial sphere. The relationship between perceptions of program success and varying ombudsman role behaviors is underscored.


Sharing income equally?

Sharing income equally?


Where are your group dollars going?

Where are your group dollars going?


For the group that has everything . . . except an administrator.


Fuel for your satellite launch.

Fuel for your satellite launch.


Next cut: reimbursement for physician services.


Echoes out of the past.

Echoes out of the past.


Multi-hospital systems: phenomenon of the past: wave of the future for industry.


Smaller investor-owned companies prepare for a role in changing hospital market.


The changing health care world: learning how to do things differently.


Overview of impact of energy conservation on firesafety. The controlling factors of the various phases of building fires, namely, ignition and initial fire spread, pre-flashover fire growth, fully developed fire, and intercompartmental fire spread, are examined together with the smoke problem that may be associated with any of them.


Two California hospitals expand community outreach with diversified health programs.


Hospital support grows for a negotiated preferred rates system.


New dimension is added to the education of materiel managers.


What's in the wind?

What's in the wind?


The "three R's" of work.

The "three R's" of work.


Limitations of the 'dream' machine.

Limitations of the 'dream' machine.


The burdens & blessings of leftovers.

The burdens & blessings of leftovers.


A grant for every purpose.

A grant for every purpose.


How to improve nutrition in hospital menus.


The politics of feeding the elderly.

The politics of feeding the elderly.


Laguna Honda: a 115-year legacy.

Laguna Honda: a 115-year legacy.


The Holmstad: a village within a village.


A look at Social Security.

A look at Social Security.


'Ship-shape' is no accident.

'Ship-shape' is no accident.


New technologies media for fund raising are on the way.


Patient research ensures their needs are met.


How to avoid pitfalls in fund raising direct (mail) response.


Word processing may promote better donor record use.


Recession, Reagan dented non-profit armor in 1982.


Investor-owned hospital, U. of Miami starts "test tube baby" program.


The 10 most common organizational problems: getting to their source.


Development offices offer hospitals a high return.


Who takes responsibility?

Who takes responsibility?


Improve communications with local TV news people.


Major gift clubs boost income with marketing.


How to find a foundation grant with little or no luck.


Hospital fund raising...shake-up in health care will change development.


Managing a small development office takes special skills.


Telemarketing can work for social welfare agencies.


The untapped resource: corporate matching gifts.


1983: the year for marketing.

1983: the year for marketing.


How the grass roots can raise funds in hard times.


Investing in your employees.

Investing in your employees.


Can EFT cut the paper blizzard?

Can EFT cut the paper blizzard?


FDA audit of investigators and sponsors.


Institutional review boards: informed consent and clinical trial ethics.


Evaluation of a new approach to geriatric drug education.


Dissemination of drug information from a non-profit community hospital pharmacy.


Profile of drug information centers in the United States. Better than two-thirds of the DICs polled responded to the questionnaire, which represents a significant and representative profile of drug information services. The information from this survey was intended to compliment previous surveys and published works on DICs. For administrative purposes this collective profile of DICs provided useful information to anticipate and establish the location, staffing pattern, and service functions for a new drug information center. Future surveys should focus upon not only descriptive parameters of DICs, but also should allow and encourage subjective responses that would compare not only "how things are" but also "how things should be".


Good reporting practices.

Good reporting practices.


CAS information services for medicinal chemists. In summary, the medicinal chemist has four new ways to access the information contained in the CAS database: CAS ONLINE, the only structure search system based on the entire CAS Registry database, and three printed services, CA SELECTS, BIOSIS/CAS SELECTS, and CAS Customer-Defined Information Services, which provide abstracts on specialized topics of interest.


A scale to measure the humanistic attitudes of social work students.


Self-help groups: what the health educator should know.


Occupationally induced cancer susceptibility: regulating the risk.


Reducing drug therapy-induced hospitalization: impact of drug utilization review.


The social functioning exam: an assessment for stroke patients.


Evaluation of factors influencing the patterns of use of drug and poison information resources.


The privilege of self-critical analysis.


The limitations of written examinations for licensure.


Foreign medical graduate examination in the medical sciences.


Clinical clerkships in New York State for foreign medical students.


Progress toward the new FLEX program.

Progress toward the new FLEX program.


Educational standards of overseas medical schools--the perspective of a foreign medical graduate.


Way out front in nursing homes.

Way out front in nursing homes.


Health education and death education: are they compatible?


Health benefits come under the knife.

Health benefits come under the knife.


Interview with Kenneth Clarke.

Interview with Kenneth Clarke.


Search for an economic order.

Search for an economic order.


Planning resources.

Planning resources.


Incorporating a behavioral model in health education. Understanding the concept of behavior formation is vital in facilitating health education effectively in any setting. Traditionally, the health education process was predicated on the cognitive domain. Consequently, other behavioral influences such as attitudes and intentions were not respectively addressed. Several multidimensional behavior models have been used by health educators to favorably influence human behavior. One specific model, based on one's knowledge (beliefs), attitudes, and intentions is particularly suited for educational settings. This model can be used to assess the validity of individual beliefs, nature of attitude, specificity of intentions and associated personal health behaviors. This assessment can serve as a major motivating factor to encourage persons to identify the quality of their current lifestyle and assume personal responsibility for their welfare.


Manpower log-jam.

Manpower log-jam.


A three-dimensional model for teaching about hypertension. We present a model of the cardiovascular system used to teach patients about the nature, risks, and treatment of hypertension. We designed the model to help providers explain abstract principles of cardiovascular function through graphic representations that patients can see, feel and hear. This article describes the model, discusses the concepts that providers can illustrate to patients, and includes an outline followed by providers of our community health centers in educating hypertensive patients.


Relationships between wellness role modeling and professional training in health education. The relationship between wellness role modeling and health education was examined in a university setting. Comparisons were made between the following groups: 1) new health science majors and advanced majors; 2) new health science majors and new majors in other fields; 3) advanced health science majors and advanced majors in other fields; and 4) health science education faculty and the previously tested groups. Each group responded to a valid and reliable wellness instrument (University of Wisconsin/La Crosse Wellness Inventory). Differences between groups were determined using means, analysis of variance and Scheffe's post-hoc test. Results indicated that no statistically significant difference existed among student groups indicating that just traditional academic exposure to health science/education does not produce positive role models. The faculty were significant potential role models but apparently failed to communicate this positive wellness philosophy to students.


A sense of freedom.

A sense of freedom.


Blood pressure transducers.

Blood pressure transducers.


Stepping stones to normal life.

Stepping stones to normal life.


Dilemma of Tadworth Court.

Dilemma of Tadworth Court.


Responses to a hospital marketing inventory.


Healthy profits?

Healthy profits?


Tender trap.

Tender trap.


Juggling babies and resources.

Juggling babies and resources.


The Victoria strategy.

The Victoria strategy.


Ringing the changes.

Ringing the changes.


Training in the field.

Training in the field.


Plugging into the data-base.

Plugging into the data-base.


Where did the missing 8m pounds go?

Where did the missing 8m pounds go?


Home comforts.

Home comforts.


The unit administrator--his power base.

The unit administrator--his power base.


Preparing the way for effective unit management groups in Wandsworth.


NHS manpower in perspective (3).

NHS manpower in perspective (3).


Chief Officer development: an area of neglect.


Unfair dismissals and the NHS: the evidence from Scotland.


Manpower planning--a new interest.

Manpower planning--a new interest.


Pay determination--the King's Fund approach.


Women in management in the NHS.

Women in management in the NHS.


The National Health Service Training Authority--a training innovation.


How to rank computer projects.

How to rank computer projects. When it comes to deciding which project proposals should get the nod, top executives, information systems managers, and users often have conflicting views. None of these should make the choice alone, says this author. With the IS manager as coordinator, users and top executives can contribute to an eight-step process that will reconcile differing perspectives and permit an orderly ranking of projects. Such a structured approach helps managers to make a more effective use of IS resources because it includes other elements relative to the priority-setting process, rather than just those that are purely financial.


Rethinking warehousing strategies.

Rethinking warehousing strategies.


Sutures discounts are up...but so are prices.


HPM's annual price indexes.

HPM's annual price indexes.


Buying food by computer.

Buying food by computer.


Clear admitting policy manuals help internal, external users.


A problem clinic to help admitters reduce uncollectable accounts.


On-line system given admitters ready access to bed information.


Flood activates disaster plans at New Orleans hospital.


What is the cost to you of conserved energy?


Conducting package and locker inspections.


An interview with: Richard Balcom.

An interview with: Richard Balcom.


Money and management: the NHS in the 1980s.


The administrator and operational research.


The development of unit management team issues.


A review of casualty services in general practitioner hospitals in Gloucestershire.


Should not-for-profits go into business? To the manager of the not-for-profit organization, the idea of entering into a business venture might seem heretical. The precedent has been set, however, and numbers of not-for-profits are currently earning substantial amounts of income through long-term for profit enterprises that have continuity with the organization's prime mission. The author of this article cautions managers of not-for-profits that an earned-income venture can be a miserable failure unless the organization meets certain conditions: a product to sell, managerial talent, trustee support, an entrepreneurial spirit, and money or the ability to get it. He then describes nine issues managers should consider before undertaking earned-income projects.


Is anyone out there listening? Official enquiries into psychiatric hospitals--Part 2.


The developing crisis in medical manpower--part 2.


Teddy bear fights infections at NCI.

Teddy bear fights infections at NCI.


Computer policy for district health authorities.


Umbilical stump cultures detect IC violations.


ICPs can be resources for emergency paramedics.


California associations' QA criteria.

California associations' QA criteria.


Radiology reviews can produce meaningful results.


Home IV programs cut LOS without adverse effects.


Infection control measures given for cardiac catheterization labs.


PPOs must offer strong UR and QA programs in addition to discounts.


Financial climate will spur shorter surgical stays.


Insurers zeroing in on stays for alcohol-induced disease.


Pioneer home IV antibiotic program leads the way.


Statement on in vitro fertilization.

Statement on in vitro fertilization.


UR professionals may be sued for early discharges.


Credentialing all hospital employees reduces legal risks.


Counselor helps families in critical care waiting area.


Appropriate uses of blood achieved through peer reviews.


Art form promotes self-expression for mental health patients.


Day care program brings young and old together.


Two hospitals' experience in applying Evaluative Criteria principles.


May a Catholic health facility provide amniocentesis?


An interview with Stewart W. Laird, Chairman, CHA Board of Trustees.


Life care expands scope for health care facilities.


HHS planner says incentives package will promote appropriate use.


Physician must disclose procedure's risks to assist patient's decision making.


Evidence of deficiencies backs state's order to close nursing home.


"Humanize" sickness, treat sick as creatures of God.


Maternal and child health policies: toward coalition advocacy.


Religious-lay colleagueship: a shared spirituality of service.


Spiritual growth and the healing community.


Many x-rays are unnecessary, WHO report says.


An interview with Rev. Everett MacNeil, CHAC President.


Battle between disposable, reusable supplies intensifies.


Hospital marketing in the eighties.

Hospital marketing in the eighties.


Management tools for the modern day health administration. Part 3--controlling tools.


Magnet hospitals demonstrate how to recruit and retain R.N.'s.


Overcoming communication blocks.

Overcoming communication blocks.


Infection control Q's and A's: recommending a new procedure.


We are part of the whole.

We are part of the whole.


Guarding against dogmatic thinking during management training.


Development of an effective leadership style.


The funding crisis: implications for the survival of human service institutions. At a time when human service providers should be priming their technologies to meet the emerging needs of a new age, they appear to be fighting for their very survival. New governmental priorities have reduced the Welfare State to a new level of pauperism, where both public and private services scurry for scarce resources. In the midst of these changes, serious questions emerge regarding who is ultimately responsible. That is, for maintaining acceptable standards of human dignity and rights despite government preoccupation with budget-balancing. Traditional advocates in the form of civil rights community organizations and organized labor groups do not appear to be available for the task. And recent changes in conventional primary group systems such as the family and the neighborhood complicate the matter of identifying appropriate leaders for mobilizing any form of "grass roots" movement. Despite what appears to be a bleak future for the human services, there is little question about their survival. The issue is, in what form and at what level of quality will they survive. If current trends continue, they will most certainly be incapable of meeting even basic human needs in the future. Funding in its current form may be a moot issue. Ultimately, it may be those who are dependent upon service systems who will determine their own survival.


The whys of corporate giving.

The whys of corporate giving.


Corporate philanthropy: a social investment decision making framework. A model for evaluating corporate support of social ventures.


The grants clinic. Prospectuses and milestone charts.


AHA files amicus curiae brief in antitrust/exclusive contract action.


Purchasing--an open door policy.

Purchasing--an open door policy.


Porters are people too!

Porters are people too!


Are you ready to make a commitment?

Are you ready to make a commitment?


Is your life insurance inflation proof?

Is your life insurance inflation proof?


The annual hospital yawn.

The annual hospital yawn.


Directory of products.

Directory of products.


A medical dilemma.

A medical dilemma.


Blood test developed to identify individuals at high risk for AIDS.


Roles of clinical microbiology in infection control delineated.


Future directions of infection control envisioned.


Fly in nurse service helps hospitals and nurses.


The importance of coordination between O.R. & C.S.


Psychiatric day hospitalization: multiple perspectives on outcome. Patients admitted over a three year period to a psychiatric day hospital were followed in order to: 1) substantiate the findings of other studies supportive of the short to intermediate term efficacy of psychiatric day hospitalization; 2) examine outcome on a number of dimensions and from a variety of perspectives; 3) examine issues relating to the differential efficacy of psychiatric day hospitalization; 4) discuss implications of the above factors in regards to planning effective day hospital programs.


Group treatment of depression and withdrawal at a day-treatment center. This article presents a group treatment for depression and withdrawal for a day-treatment population. Patients chose potentially pleasurable activities to engage in outside the center each week. Multiple imagery trials and group sharing were used to evoke and amplify pleasurable emotional responses. The procedure is presented in detail. Patients responded with a 64% performance of new pleasurable activities and with an improved mood within the sessions.


A forecast for the future.

A forecast for the future.


A naturalistic assessment of partial-hospital treatment. Three hundred fifty-eight consecutive admissions to 13 partial hospitals were evaluated over an 8-month period. The design of the study focused on an unobstrusive measurement process involving clinical judgment of outcome. Analyses revealed that the clinical judgment process generated data which were both reliable and valid. The results of the study indicate that partial-hospital treatment is most effective for chronic and acute schizophrenic conditions, paranoid schizophrenia, and affective disorders and least so far patients diagnosed as adjustment disorders. Patients in the organic and neurotic diagnostic categories tended to remain stable. As in previous research, the pretreatment levels of the dependent variables were the best predictors of improvement, but the present study also reveals that progressive amounts of partial-hospital treatment lead to a greater improvement in patient functioning.


Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide: OSHA's new proposed rule--a document whose time has come!


The effects of implementation problems on certificate of need decisions in Illinois. There has been a lack of appreciation of the complexities of implementing certificate of need (CON) programs and, further, the effects of those implementation problems on the program's effectiveness. This study describes implementation problems and presents some evidence of their impact on approval rates in one state. Start-up phase problems included non-reviewable projects, exempted projects and pre-emptive actions by the hospitals to avoid the regulations. It is estimated that these problems raised the program's approval rate by 12 percent and resulted in approximately +310 million of capital costs and an unknown increase in operating costs. Two problems of continuing implementation are identified. The first concerns the availability and specification of the standards and criteria for project review. The second problem is the lack of significant compliance mechanisms. The Reagan administration has made massive cuts in support for health planning and CON programs. The rationale for these cuts is based on the belief that CON has not been effective in reducing the escalation of hospital costs. This article indicates some of the reasons for its impotence.


Preventive services: an educational or political issue? A major concern about health care in the United States, as we move into the 1980s, is the spiraling cost of such services. Thoughts and efforts surrounding the issues of how to control those costs have ranged from the establishment of different payment mechanisms and "professional services review" of care quality to means of avoiding the need for health care in the first place. If we are to alternate our approach to traditional health care, then we must bring the consumer back into the position of responsibility. This will call for a rethinking of our attitude toward intervention and prevention measures. This article looks at some of the issues and controversy which presently surround the implementation of the "prevention" concepts. The author suggests the answer lies with increased participation from both patient-consumer and the health professional.


Behavioral and psychodynamic approaches to milieu therapy in an adolescent day hospital. The day-hospital concept had its beginning in the 1930s and has gained greater impact in recent years because of changes in public-health policy and in traditional psychiatric attitudes. The main therapeutic medium of day hospitals is based on an original concept combining treatment and readaptation in a specially designed therapeutic milieu. A therapeutic milieu is built according to a given theoretical approach. At the Geha Psychiatric Hospital in Petah Tiqva, Israel, the day-care department for adolescents is built according to a combination of the behaviorist and psychoanalytical approaches.


Re-sterilizing disposables--the viewpoint from central service.


Two eastern groups to share pharmacy contracts.


The future of ETO. The view from central service.


Selecting surgeons' gloves.

Selecting surgeons' gloves.


Legal traps in buying your computer: how to avoid them.


Materials school under discussion.

Materials school under discussion.


EPA puts freeze on disinfectant testing.


UB-82 seen as cost reducer.

UB-82 seen as cost reducer.


The ethics of contracting.

The ethics of contracting.


Communication: face-to-face is best.

Communication: face-to-face is best.


Purchasing, cultures merge at interfaith.


Managing your retirement.

Managing your retirement.


Give them incentive to stay.

Give them incentive to stay.


Train staff members to assume more responsibility.


How hospitals "market position" themselves to stimulate patient flow.


Role of education in preserving traditional cultures and as development factor. Independent of international assistance, the socioeconomic development and improvement of national health have been insignificant in several poor countries during the last 10-20 years. The main problems of these countries are multidisciplinary matters, both regarding causative factors and solutions. In the field of health, high priority medical problems are not found in the curative sector of medicine but rather within prevention, with environmental sanitation, water supply, family planning and nutrition. These are the most profitable fields for internal support as well as international assistance, offering lasting development effects and acceptable cost-benefit relations. Primary school education is of major importance in that it provides local tribal youngsters to be selected for training as auxiliary health workers for staffing of the chain of rural dispensaries, which seems to be the key to national health development, and to the WHO goal "health for all by the year 2000." In several developing countries, locally recruited youth with 5-7 years of primary education already constitute indispensable links between professional health services and delicate issues such as birth control and - usually illiterate - rural population.


Court-ordered guidelines regulate psychotropic drugs.


Manufacturer-hospital collaboration to improve patient care quality.


Individual case launches statewide mental health probe.


Avoid creating hospital liability in credentialing, consent.


Defense costs increase faster than settlements, awards.


The scientific approach to management--early stages. Part 2.


Reduce high obstetrical risks with expert's strategies.


'Hospital watch': staff, public cooperate to spot crime.


Plaintiff's bar discloses liability strategies.


Aggressive peer review, RM cut high surgical claims.


Liability for risk disclosure.

Liability for risk disclosure.


CAT scanners pose radiation risk to patients.


Impact of parenteral cephalosporin regulation on pharmacy costs.


Self-dealing by public charities.

Self-dealing by public charities.


Age: a growing P & T concern.

Age: a growing P & T concern.


Marketing for nonprofits: "buzz word" or good idea?


Market research points out donor perceptions.


Maggie Kuhn: "All of us are in this together". Interview by Hal Strelnick.


The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee Part 1: overview. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P & T) Committee is an important medical staff advisory group. As the primary, formal communication link between the pharmacy and medical staff, the P & T Committee is of particular importance to the department of pharmacy services. All matters pertaining to the use of medications within the institution, including pharmacy programs, must be reviewed and approved through the committee. In addition, medication formulary data is reviewed through the committee and recommendations are offered to the medical staff. Such a wide diversification of involvement and activity necessitates the effective communication between all committee members. An active involvement in the committee by the department of pharmacy services is vital in order to develop a contemporary and progressive institutional pharmacy program. This series of four articles will address several important aspects of the committee's operation, including committee formation, mechanics, operation, and problem solving.


Who cares for health care? The first two years of Reagan Administration health policy.


Philosophy and practice of the P & T Committee.


The changing relationship between business and the family.


Let a thousand (or at least 50) coalitions bloom.


Quality assurance for terminally ill.

Quality assurance for terminally ill.


A private revolt. The rise of agency nursing.


Drug usage in newborn intensive care units. A national survey of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) was undertaken to obtain information concerning drug usage, dosages, methods of administration, incidence of drug-induced phlebitis, and drug reference sources. Antimicrobial agents are the most frequently used drugs in NICUs. Dosages reported by NICUs generally agreed with dosage recommendations by the manufacturer and literature citations. A 10% estimate of phlebitis was the consensus report by NICUs. Calcium gluconate was implicated most often as causing phlebitis, and most NICUs reported that drugs are not mixed with hyperalimentation solutions. The Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee should review drug dosages in neonates and establish policies for intravenous drug administration methods and rates to ensure uniform initial doses and to provide a consensus among clinicians using these medications.


Mission, role, and functions of the P & T Committee. This introductory article in a series on P & T Committees discusses the mission, role, and function of the committee in a hospital. With increasing complexity of drug therapy, the committee's mission has evolved into a multifaceted program related to promotion of rational and safe drug therapy within the institution. Components of the mission, the committee's responsibilities and functions, including formulary, policies and procedures, drug utilization review, drug administration, investigational drug studies, and education, are introduced and briefly discussed in terms of their role in the institution, accreditation standards, and published standards of practice. Future articles will provide fuller consideration of these topics.


A drug information pharmacist--an essential resource.


"Drugroomists".

"Drugroomists".


The foremost problems associated with formulary management.


Nonprofits: check your attention to customers.


Hospital characteristics attractive to physicians and the consumers: implications for public general hospitals.


Ethical conduct in the measure of excellence: how to survive in the eighties.


Attitudes toward hospitals and selfcare propensities.


1700 medical abbreviations: convenience at the expense of communications and safety.


Is our medication error rate acceptable? .


1983 Malcolm T. MacEachern Memorial Lecture, 26th Congress on Administration, Chicago, IL., March 4, 1983.


Providing drug information to health professionals and consumers: role and responsibility of the pharmaceutical manufacturer. There is no law requiring any pharmaceutical firm to maintain a drug information center for their products. The package insert that accompanies the product is all that is legally mandated. Roche and other drug manufacturers provide these services because they believe it is in their own best interest and that of the users of their products to do so. Pharmacists are currently involved in providing drug information in numerous settings, particularly health sciences schools, hospitals, colleges, federal agencies and associations, as well as corporations. To date, they have been frequent users of company drug information services. It is hoped this discussion will stimulate anyone in need of product information to contact the manufacturer. They have the most complete data available on their products and are generally willing to share their information with other drug information services, practitioners and, in a more limited way, consumers.


Hospice care: two health care facilities take a unique approach.


Antineoplastic drug-use process at a rural hospital. This article describes the antineoplastic drug-use process and monitoring activities performed by the Department of Pharmacy at a 225-bed rural hospital. Documents developed and used in the process assist the pharmacist in assessing drug-related toxicity, in making recommendations for laboratory or system studies, and for organizing a therapeutic rationale for inpatients and out-patients. Involvement of pharmacists in oncology in rural or small institutions can be essential for maximal therapeutic monitoring and quality patient care. The importance of monitoring antineoplastics on a per patient basis is highlighted.


The pre-employment interview in the hospital pharmacy. The personal interview is generally used as a pre-employment screening technique by hospital pharmacy directors. The effectiveness of this interaction can be maximized by explicitly identifying the objectives to be accomplished by the interview, carefully preparing a collection of questions through which the objectives are achieved, and creating an environment which promotes a free-flowing exchange of information. Some sample objectives and questions are offered. Different types of questions and their appropriate use are presented. Thoroughly planning and carefully conducting the pre-employment interview will optimize the time spent in this valuable activity.


Balancing workload and staffing in satellite pharmacies by using a patient acuity index. The assignment of beds to satellite pharmacies is based primarily on proximity. Assignment will usually be by nursing unit to encourage more effective communication among the patient, doctor, nurse, and pharmacist. Usually, an equal number of beds is assigned to each satellite. Recognizing that some nursing units (e.g., Intensive Care Units) place greater demands on pharmacy resources than others makes it obvious that there is a need for a system to measure the consumption of pharmacy resources by patient acuity. This article tells how such a measure was conceived, developed, and applied.


Leadership: the management of meaning.

Leadership: the management of meaning.


Ethics for hospital administrators.

Ethics for hospital administrators.


Leadership and boundary management.

Leadership and boundary management.


Leading and following volunteers: implications for a changing society.


Increasing work satisfaction through organizational change: a longitudinal study of nursing educators.


Team building and the problem of regression: the personal management interview as an intervention. This article describes the characteristics of a Personal Management Interview (PMI) and reports the results of its implementation in 16 different organizational contexts. Based upon Group Behavior Inventory and personal interview data collected from 208 participants (135 experimental and 71 comparison group members), the results show that the implementation of regular PMIs can prevent the regression or fade-out which often occurs after off-site team-building sessions.


Digging out in Denver.

Digging out in Denver.


The uncertain future of the leadership concept: revisions and clarifications.


Financial strategies for surviving the '80s. Part 1.


The misinformed public. A study measures public knowledge of emergency medical services.


Effects of a music therapy program upon awareness of mood in music, group cohesion, and self-esteem among hospitalized adolescent patients. Subjects for this study were 13 hospitalized patients given the diagnosis of adjustment reaction to adolescence. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental period consisted of 18 1-hour sessions. Subjects in the control group did not attend music therapy activities. Experimental subjects engaged in group discussions concerning moods and emotions in music, expression and identification of body language, story composition to recorded music, and drawing to music. Four types of pre and posttests were administered: agreement on mood or emotion expressed in music as measured by an adjective checklist; sociograms to measure group cohesion; the number of pronouns expressing group feelings ("we, our"); and scores of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Significant differences in favor of experimental subjects were found on the adjective checklist (p = .01) and the group versus personal pronouns (p less than .05). The group cohesion measure approached significance (p = .062).


Primary measures of music audiation scores in an institutionalized elderly population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether persons at various age levels in an institutionalized elderly population vary significantly in their musical aptitudes as indicated by their scores on the Primary Measures of Music Audiation test. (Gordon, 1979). Age was not related to either tonal subtest, rhythm subtest, or composite test scores. In addition, this study attempted to determine which of the following variables were related to or predictive of PMMA scores: (a) musical experience and training, along with current musical activity levels; (b) frequency of music listening; (c) general morale; (d) sex; (e) care home classification; (f) location of the care home; (g) duration of institutionalization; and (h) location for the majority of one's life. No attribute variables were found to be related to PMMA scores. This result differs from that found in a study of variables related to Musical Aptitude Profile (Gordon, 1965) scores in noninstitutionalized, Caucasian, elderly female subjects (Gibbons, Note 1).


A hospital throughput model in the context of long waiting lists. In a public health system, one of the problems is the size of the waiting list for admission to hospital. This research involves establishing a method of analysing the general surgery waiting list problem at hospital and district level. While there are many aspects to such a study, this paper concentrates on a linear programming model to plan the aggregate throughput of the general surgical department. Preliminary results from applying the techniques to actual health districts in the United Kingdom are reported.


The effects of change in organizational structure on services in a public health nursing agency.


Testing three phase models of burn-out: mappings on a cluster of worksite descriptors.


Incremental evaluation of risky choices. This paper compares the incremental method of valuation and its possible effects on choices analysed through utility theory with similar zero-base valuations. Analysis shows how biases can arise using incremental valuations in situations with decreasing risk aversion. This could be important in certain circumstances, e.g. delegated decision-making in cases where the total value of an organisation is unknown to the decision-maker or difficult to quantify.


Approaches to health planning theory: a critical appraisal.


The politics of legislative interference in certificate of need decisions.


State Title XX planning effort and local agency management of human resources.


Deinstitutionalization following Pennhurst State School v. Halderman.


Pay equity and comparable worth.

Pay equity and comparable worth.


The rights of nonsmokers in the workplace: recent developments.


Suggestions and comments on the future direction of the NLRB.


A model of medical record storage.

A model of medical record storage. A model is developed to describe the growth of a medical records store subject to rules for microfilming or disposing of record files when they have not been used within a given period of time. Separate projections are given for the number of files in the system and for the volume of file contents. The model allows different microfilm policies to be compared and aids the long term planning of storage facilities.


The future of volunteerism: impetus for a strong foundation.


What behavior constitutes sexual harassment?


Capitalizing on national self-interest: the management of international telecommunication conflict by the International Telecommunication Union.


Barter and collaboration: expanding our horizons.


Library & medical associations oppose Excerpta Medica.


Temperature of water not a factor in bacteria control, study indicates.


Findings in low-temperature study may have big impact on hospitals.


Increasing foodservice effectiveness in preventing outbreaks--customer and quality considerations.


Healthcare infection control: a surgeon talks about the role of laundry in bacteria control.


The unity of environmental and personal health in life and science.


Sound levels in emergency medical service. Sound levels in an emergency medical service vehicle were measured during the summer of 1981. Excessive levels were found in the driver's compartment with the siren operating. Personnel measured showed low frequency hearing loss in the same range as the siren's operating frequencies.


Vending self-regulation protects foods, public health. For 25 years, the food and beverage vending industry has protected the public health through self-regulation and standards. During that time, very few cases of foodborne illness have been reported to be caused by foods sold through vending machines. New commissary audits usher in the second 25 years of public health protection by the vending industry.


Governor endorses moratorium on hospital construction in NY.


Manager raises 'linen awareness' at Wichita's Wesley Medical Center.


Consultant to laundry managers: ignore energy conservation at your own expense.


Reducing stress levels of employees may lead to greater productivity.


Bill in Congress poses threat to makers of reusable textiles.


Illinois hospital completes laundry: seeks outside institutional customers.


Medical Electronics buyers guide 1982, Part 3: electric thermometers, patient scales, pumps, infusion & autotransfusion devices, syringes, feeders, transient/surge protection, ultrasonic equipment.


Only laboratory devoted to testing hospital disinfectants closed by EPA.


Designing a quality thermodilution catheter.


AC power for electronic equipment.

AC power for electronic equipment.


Transient overvoltage protection.

Transient overvoltage protection.


Medical Electronics buyers guide 1982, Part 6: electrical safety and test equipment, neonatal/pediatric equipment, pulmonary-respiratory, stimulators, stress test/ergometers.


Isolated power: the controversy continues.


Hospital uses fiberoptics to communicate in hostile environment.


Isolation monitoring in the hospital.

Isolation monitoring in the hospital.


Medical Electronics buyers guide 1983, Part 1: chromotography, coulometric titrators, electrophoresis, electrosurgery, Holter ECG, iontophoresis, osmometers, radiation detection/radiology, refractometers.


Hospital and incubator manufacturer sued by parents of premature baby with central nervous disorder.


Pulmonary function analyzer.

Pulmonary function analyzer.


High-speed telefacsimile in libraries.

High-speed telefacsimile in libraries.


Ultrasonics for medical diagnostics. Part 5--calibration--the AIUM 100MM test object.


Photocopying equipment.

Photocopying equipment.


Word processors for libraries.

Word processors for libraries.


"Blossoms of the Dust". (A new initiative in community health programme).


Will to live versus death wish.

Will to live versus death wish.


A nurse by any other name.

A nurse by any other name.


Government white paper on data protection.


Risk strategy in rural obstetrics.

Risk strategy in rural obstetrics.


"My new job isn't working out!".

"My new job isn't working out!".


Winds of change in the marketing of medical devices.


The Commissioner looks back at Tylenol and ahead to improved procedures.


Tree trends will dominate pharmacy practice.


A standout exhibit will keep paying its way.


Administrators & managers: a definition of their roles.


What you should know about negotiating.

What you should know about negotiating.


Quality of worklife. Part 2: making quality work.


The reality of the second-string blood banker.


Cost containment: why not try an idea bank?


Cost containment: the squeeze gets tighter.


How to lead a problem-solving meeting.

How to lead a problem-solving meeting.


Cost containment: tactics for the 80s.

Cost containment: tactics for the 80s.


Formulating an alternative rural health care.


Leprosy work--the Bethany experience.

Leprosy work--the Bethany experience.


Caution on the slippery road to competitive bidding.


The impact of nonrevenue-producing activities.


Techs, tots, and fingersticks--without tears.


How we reduced identification errors.

How we reduced identification errors.


Pathologists must delegate--not abdicate.


Getting at the roots of laboratory stress.


An experiment in staff development.

An experiment in staff development.


Computer selection for the non-computer expert.


Tracking the course of test orders and reports.


A tool for translating QC data into clinical practice.


Home health care: a sound alternative.

Home health care: a sound alternative.


Flint area's oncology program fills gaps in care.


Home care program reaches urban community.


A model for hospital-contracted home care.


Local agencies prevent breaks in services.


Adding a hospice: issues to consider.

Adding a hospice: issues to consider.


Competition for acquisition of psychiatric hospitals heats up.


Nursing home chains scramble for more private-paying patients.


M.D.s, hospitals beat out systems in the alternative service market.


Firms converge on home care market.

Firms converge on home care market.


HMOs run path of consolidation.

HMOs run path of consolidation.


Kidney dialysis chains downshift.

Kidney dialysis chains downshift.


Attack being mounted against court's 'antitrust' branding of M.D. contract.


Seemingly innocuous statements may promise trouble for hospitals.


High interest rates aren't helping HELPs.


Happy with your system? Survey asks.

Happy with your system? Survey asks.


Panel acts as technology safety valve.

Panel acts as technology safety valve.


Payment changes pit M.D.s vs. hospitals.


Fixed payment rates force hospitals to reassess ICUs.


The race is on.

The race is on.


Public hospitals must scrap tertiary role, and stress 'health,' not 'care'.


Hospitals can pull in extra 5% profit by marketing their slack lab capacity.


Mall motif turns office building/clinic into medical arts shopping center.


Micros keep tabs on non-stock items.

Micros keep tabs on non-stock items.


Multi-units are ready to boost their market share.


WV hospitals bristle at rate setting.

WV hospitals bristle at rate setting.


Stock issues jump as prices rise.

Stock issues jump as prices rise.


Surge in tax-exempt bonds spurs 66% boost in feasibility studies.


VHA's for-profit spin-off opens equity market for its members.


Regs muddy re-funding analysis.

Regs muddy re-funding analysis.


Tax-exempt bonds' interest rates will stabilize, hiking volume to record high.


Hospitals aim PPOs at own workers.

Hospitals aim PPOs at own workers.


After 18 years on healthcare scene, trustee is wary of restructuring 'fad'.


Right to set staff privileges affirmed.

Right to set staff privileges affirmed.


Health planning still desirable: CBO.

Health planning still desirable: CBO.


Leading hospital system, alliance open new umbrella over competitive Sun Belt.


For-profits join nonprofits on new deals.


Rural for-profits make small profits.

Rural for-profits make small profits.


Multiunit may get along better with M.D.s.


The going's slow for mini-conglomerate.

The going's slow for mini-conglomerate.


NAPPH plugs psychiatric benefits to employers.


Alternative healthcare firms' stock is hot.


Cole seeks data on execs' salaries.

Cole seeks data on execs' salaries.


Struggling religious hospitals are searching for ways to 'keep the faith'.


Outcry over 'Baby Doe' may revive little-used hospital ethics committee.


Robots may give a hand in healthcare.

Robots may give a hand in healthcare.


Micro offers big power to small facilities.


Computer is key factor is risk studies.

Computer is key factor is risk studies.


Congress gets Reagan's proposals for 'constraining' health care cost.


CIGNA sets up health cost containment fund.


Blues' HMOs enrollment increases to 1.2 million.


The trend in group health benefits.

The trend in group health benefits.


Eyeing group health rate hikes.

Eyeing group health rate hikes.


Flexible benefits: are the fears for real?


Employees don't know benefit costs.

Employees don't know benefit costs.


Insurers, doctors, join to fight new threat to health care costs.


Jobless health care gap not wide.

Jobless health care gap not wide.


Group buyers eyeing claims costs.

Group buyers eyeing claims costs.


Innovation in controlling prescription costs.


Can't provide insurance for unemployed, HIAA says.


A winning concept in hospital relations.


Hospital chaplaincy--a contributor to wellness.


Wholistic medicine--yesterday, today, tomorrow.


Dollars, dignity & security. Maintaining non-union status.


The CEO at risk.

The CEO at risk.


Utility and decision strategies: a second look at the rational decision maker. The concept of bounded rationality underlies most behavioral, descriptive decision theory. The implications of limited cognitive capacity have been extensively explored; however, there have been few attempts to understand the means by which decisions made under these constraints remain rational. Some propositions with regard to the ways in which utility considerations guide decision strategies are presented and tested. The results provide some evidence that the decision maker uses strategies that are relatively likely to enhance the utility of the final choice, even when utility maximization is not feasible.


Role perceptions and behavior of the immediate superior: moderating effects on the prediction of leadership effectiveness. The relationship between role conflict or role ambiguity and behavior of the immediate superior is investigated. It is hypothesized that behaviors which are associated with subordinates' role perceptions will moderate the relationship between subordinates' ability and their performance. First- and second-level leaders were asked to provide data on their job attitudes, co-worker relations, and experience. Respondents were also given a short test of intelligence, and their job performance was rated by knowledgeable superiors. Results show that boss behavior creating role conflict for first-level leaders was a significant moderator for these leaders' ability and performance correlations. For second-level leaders, boss behavior which created role ambiguity was a significant moderator of ability and performance correlations. It is concluded that experience has a positive relationship with performance when stress is high and that intelligence has a positive relationship with performance only when stress is low. It is further argued that stress with the boss is best described as behavior which leads to role conflict and ambiguity for subordinates in leadership positions. Implications for role theory and leadership theory are discussed.


A new American body count? Assessing federal health budget cuts.


Policy and the physician-patient relationship.


Local projects that help.

Local projects that help.


Fighting hard times with free care.

Fighting hard times with free care.


Has the FP a competitive edge?

Has the FP a competitive edge?


Breast cancer: the long weeks of therapy.


Optimal locations for a class of nonlinear, single-facility location problems on a network. This paper investigates a class of single-facility location problems on an arbitrary network. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for characterizing locally optimal locations with respect to a certain nonlinear objective function. This approach produces a number of new results for locating a facility on an arbitrary network, and in addition it unifies several known results for the special case of tree networks. It also suggests algorithmic procedures for obtaining such optimal locations.


Successful communications between supervisors and employees.


Flexible benefits are a key to better employee relations.


A five role system for motivating improved performance.


OSHA's cancer prevention policy: where did it come from and where is it going?


Will career plateauing become a bigger problem?


Mother-infant interaction and child development after rooming-in: comparison of high-risk and low-risk mothers. One hundred and seventy-two low-income women were interviewed prenatally to determine risk for later mistreatment of their children. High-risk and low-risk women were then randomly assigned at delivery to either limited or extended postpartum contact with their newborns over the first two days after birth. Mother-infant interaction observations were performed at 48 hours and at one, three, six, twelve and eighteen months postpartum. Infants were tested at nine months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Results indicated that outcome following extended mother-infant postpartum contact varies with maternal risk status and measures employed for evaluation. Low-risk extended-contact mother-infant pairs differed from low-risk controls in observed interaction while high-risk extended-contact and controls did not differ from each other in interaction. High-risk extended-contact infants were more advanced in motor development than control infants at nine months, however, while low-risk extended contact and control infants did not differ in development.


Communication strategies for anticipating and managing conflict.


English in the workplace: a rule or an option?


Minimizing communication breakdowns between male and female managers.


A tool for evaluating and controlling the management of human resources.


Sexual harassment--a growing problem in the workplace.


Training and developing women managers: are they really a special case?


Developing subordinates: critical to managers and their organizations.


Using performance appraisals to enhance training programs.


Assisting employees with personal problems.


Creating an employee information system.


Coaching the executive: can you teach an old dog new tricks?


Human resource management has come of age.


Objective-based human resource planning.


When the news is bad: leveling with employees. It is apparent that managers or others who must deliver bad news must perform two functions: First, he or she must deliver the news and make certain that the message is received and understood by the recipient. To accomplish this the deliverer must be blunt and provide specific details. If this part of the job is done well, the recipient will realize that there is a real threat and will move on to decide how to cope with the threat. At this point the second function comes into play, and another person's help may be effective. The second function involves providing the recipient of the bad news with information that will help him or her cope with the event. Because the deliverer of the bad news may be tainted in the recipient's mind with the onus of being the cause of that event, another person may be more successful in filling the role of compassionate helper--that is, someone who can help the recipient deal with the psychological issues and rationally evaluate the alternatives available.


Mass media campaigns for health promotion. Television has the potential to have positive influences on health-related behaviors. This article presents three successful and two unsuccessful televised health campaigns. Some considerations for the design of effective health campaigns using television and other media are discussed.


Crisis management #1. Using the unexpected to good advantage.


Performance appraisal for the '80s.

Performance appraisal for the '80s.


Physician referral service campaign.

Physician referral service campaign.


Joint venture: adult school and hospital.


Using television to reach older people with prevention messages: the Over Easy experiment. Results are presented from the 1978 multi-method national summative evaluation of the goal-directed television program, Over Easy. Targeted to persons 55 years of age and older, and setting informational, attitudinal and behavioral objectives, the Over Easy program successfully communicated prevention information, conveyed a positive philosophy of aging, and encouraged target group utilization of existing social services. Three design features of the Over Easy intervention are recommended for future social interventions attempted through television.


Double-duty brochure.

Double-duty brochure.


Confrontation politics.

Confrontation politics.


Launching a logo.

Launching a logo.


EEO alert: watch out for discrimination in discharge decisions.


A flexible logo that works for all it's worth.


Logos in multiples of 9000.

Logos in multiples of 9000.


Using television to improve the social behavior of institutionalized children. This field experiment assessed the effects of a "TV diet" composed of ten prosocial programs on the social behavior of eight-to-eighteen year old behaviorally disordered youngsters who were institutionalized in a state psychiatric facility. The influence of a post-viewing group discussion which highlighted the televised positive messages was also examined. The prosocial diet resulted in the youngsters behaving more altruistically, less verbally aggressive, and less destructively relative to those exposed to the control diet containing programs the youngsters typically viewed. The post-viewing discussion reduced the effectiveness of the prosocial programming but mitigated some of the negative effects of the control diet.


Hospital company store.

Hospital company store.


Gallery.

Gallery.


Building campaign for patients.

Building campaign for patients.


Teaching communications skills.

Teaching communications skills.


Humor for hospital public relations.

Humor for hospital public relations.


Blood pressure screening.

Blood pressure screening.


Keeping industrial friends.

Keeping industrial friends.


Dedication celebration.

Dedication celebration.


Applications of interactive television to prevention programming. The development of interactive television provides expanded opportunities for prevention research and practice. Three key prevention strategies are (1) intervening with populations at risk, (2) training caregivers, and (3) building competent communities. This paper describes these applications of interactive television. Three interactive systems--Berks Community Television in Reading, Pennsylvania; QUBE in Columbus, Ohio; and Hi-Ovis in Japan--are discussed in the context of their contributions to the promotion of competent communities.


Hospital booth at a city fair.

Hospital booth at a city fair.


Introducing new equipment.

Introducing new equipment.


Mall walking.

Mall walking.


Do we still need to segment the market into communities served, different ethnic groups, physicians, nurses, and so on?


Health fair with superstar.

Health fair with superstar.


Safety promotion campaigns can work: one company's success story.


Employee involvement: its implications for improved safety management.


Why doctors choose to join a union.

Why doctors choose to join a union.


Picking the right practice for yourself.


MDs weather competition from clinics and ERs.


Proposed health cuts in Reagan budget will harm American Indians, APA tells Congress.


Living with the buyers' market in medicine.


Public attitudes toward life and death.

Public attitudes toward life and death. Opinion trends in this country indicate sharp divisions in public sentiment over a number of life-taking actions. While legal abortion and capital punishment clearly head a list, a number of other issues have gained national attention in recent years. The present paper explores the structure of belief systems giving rise to normative conflicts of this kind. Of particular interest is the notion of a "pro-life" or other generic life orientation (e.g., the alleged "right-to-die" orientation of those who favor "mercy killings" in the case of terminally ill patients) as a possible explanation for public attitudes toward specific issues such as suicide and euthanasia. The present analysis assesses the empirical claims associated with such a model. The results offer qualified support for the existence of generic value orientations as revealed by public attitudes toward legal abortion, suicide, euthanasia, and capital punishment.


Public hearings and public preferences: the case of the White House Conference on Families. To provide input into Arizona's participation in the White House Conference on Families, the Arizona Governor's Council on Children, Youth, and Families commissioned a random statewide survey to assess the relative priority given to 41 selected family-related needs and preferences for institutional responses to those needs. A similar survey was administered to participants at each of six regional public hearings held throughout the state prior to the 1980 White House Conference on Families. A comparison of the two surveys provides an opportunity to test the representativeness of public hearings participants with respect to the population from which they were drawn. Fundamental differences in the priorities of these two samples cast considerable doubt on the assumption that public hearings are an effective means of gauging public sentiment.


RRT meets RDD: statistical strategies for assuring response privacy in telephone surveys. Despite its growing role in survey research, the telephone survey has been largely neglected with respect to the design and testing of statistical procedures for assuring response privacy (e.g., randomized response techniques). This paper demonstrates that such procedures are no less feasible to administer in telephone surveys than in face-to-face surveys. Both randomized response techniques and alternatives to randomized response are considered.


Gain-sharing pay plans: in quest of a more stable economy.


What makes a patient education program effective?


Investor-owned hospitals: Rx for success.


St. Elsewhere: is it St. Anywhere?

St. Elsewhere: is it St. Anywhere?


Psychiatry under suspended animation.

Psychiatry under suspended animation.


Research goals nipped in the bud, project blossoms into thriving community program.


Federal statistics: the effect of program cuts on availability, utility and quality. Cutbacks in U.S. federal statistical programs have attracted considerable attention during the past year, particularly those that have been associated with efforts to reduce federal government expenditures. However, there have been a variety of changes during the past several years that intentionally or unintentionally have had the effect of reducing federal data resources. Among the legislative actions have been the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, which has affected statistical, as well as administrative, data collection. There have also been changes in philosophy concerning the role of the federal government, including both deregulation and the new federalism, that imply a substantial change in federal data collection activities. In addition, the Administration's announced intention to institute user charges will affect the availability of federal statistics. This article reviews some of these changes as seen from the perspective of users of federal statistics who have presented testimony to congressional committees during the past year. It identifies and classifies the principal concerns of these users and provides a guide to the literature.


Security: melding lessons of the past with trends of the future.


Taking up the LTD cost containment challenge.


The holistic logic of Chinese medicine.

The holistic logic of Chinese medicine.


Tailoring claims service to your individual needs.


Computer art aids surgeons.

Computer art aids surgeons.


High-tech healing.

High-tech healing.


Diagnosing organizational decision making through responsibility charting. Decision making within many organizations is becoming increasingly complex and difficult to manage. This article describes a technique called "Responsibility Charting" which can be used as a basis for understanding and improving decision making, and for enhancing the quality of communication within an organization. The authors present a case study to illustrate the types of analyses possible with this technique.


Strategic selection: matching executives to business conditions. Each business situation requires that executives have a specific set of management skills and characteristics to make the business successful. As businesses adapt their strategies and organizational structures to a changing environment, this set of managerial characteristics must also change: a company may discover its executives are not as suited to manage under the new conditions as they were under the old. The authors contend that executive selection should be linked to strategy, and they present a framework for assessing the managerial characteristics required by various strategic business situations.


But will it sell? A marketing approach to program design.


Business, society, and the Reagan revolution. When Ronald Reagan first came to power two years ago, many Americans believed that his administration would bring about dramatic and fundamental changes in American politics. In this paper, the author contends that although it is still too early to fully assess the effects of "Reaganism" on the country in general, it is not too early to evaluate the results in terms of the altered relationships between government, business, and society. The author goes on to say that the 1982 congressional election results already show that the American people are fast becoming disillusioned with the Reagan administration. In conclusion, the author maintains that only when the U.S. chooses a visionary leader who is capable of defining--or redefining--"progress." will American politics undergo a real revolutionary change.


Intervention with high-risk infants and toddlers. This early intervention program serves children and parents. It includes a therapeutic infant day care center and a mother-child interaction group. Counseling is also provided for families with children in the center and for families with children under three years of age in the community.


Public policies and family outcomes: empirical evidence or ideology? Research findings and other data dealing with government policies and programs such as Social Security, supplemental security income, welfare reform, deinstitutionalization, abortion, and compensatory preschool education show that these programs have promoted family well-being and not hindered family interests.


Brief interviews: approaches, techniques, and effectiveness. A study of brief-contact interviews at a psychiatric hospital by social workers indicated that such interviews can reduce long client waiting lists and increase case loads without adding to cost. Their effectiveness requires skill and judgment by highly-trained and experienced workers.


Service workers' responses to abuse of the elderly. The social service providers and physicians who encounter elder abuse have several potential avenues of intervention open to them in helping the elderly. Practice and training issues are discussed that are relevant for improving interventions and referrals in cases of family abuse of the elderly.


Facility report: Holston Valley Hospital and Medical Center. Part of an expanding institution, the respiratory services department at Holston Valley Hospital and Medical Center, Kingsport, Tenn, performs an impressive number and variety of procedures. Twelve-hour shifts and a new school of respiratory therapy are unique aspects.


Intervention with heart attack patients and families. Workers who attend to a stage model of acute illness can create linkage with other problems and events to effectuate a comprehensive and dynamic plan of intervention. A systematized approach is proposed to effectively understand the psychological reactions to illness manifested by heart attack patients and their families.


Fund raising and agency development.

Fund raising and agency development.


Chronic illness as biographical disruption. The paper is based on semi-structured interviews with a series of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Chronic illness is conceptualised as a particular type of disruptive event. This disruption highlights the resources (cognitive and material) available to individuals, modes of explanation for pain and suffering, continuities and discontinuities between professional and lay thought, and sources of variation in experience.


Reality construction, reality exploration and treatment in two therapeutic communities. Data collected by participant observation in two contrasting types of therapeutic community are compared to reveal broad similarities in the treatment process. In both communities treatment was centrally concerned with reality construction: patients/residents learned to follow, assimilate and reproduce accounts of the community structure and prescriptions for behaviour, and these accounts and prescriptions reflexively constituted the social world of patients/residents. Further, in both communities staff recognised and made deliberate therapeutic use of an aspect of accounts and behavioural prescriptions much reported on in sociological literature, namely their essentially contingent and defeasible character. Thus, alongside processes of reality construction we note processes of reality exploration, whereby patients/residents are encouraged to inspect apparently contradictory prescriptions and accounts within the socially constructed reality of the communities. Staff believed that, in coming to terms with the contingent and defeasible character of accounts and prescriptions within the community, patients/residents would be able to deal with the contingent and defeasible character of social life outside the community less pathogenically.