Delegations of authority and organization; new drug applications--Food and Drug Administration. Final rule. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the regulations for delegations of authority regarding approval of new drug applications (NDA's) by redelegating to the Directors of Divisions conducting new drug evaluations authority to approve an additional class of NDA's to expedite the approval process. Published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register is a notice reorganizing the Bureau of Drugs and Bureau of Biologics into the National Center for Drugs and Biologics. This document also updates organizational references in accordance with the reorganization.


MTS and WATS market structure--Federal Communications Commission. Fourth supplementary notice of inquiry and proposed rule. The Commission releases a Supplemental Notice of Inquiry and Proposed Rulemaking regarding the MTS and WATS market structure and is seeking comment on the development of an access charge to compensate local exchanges for exchange facilities to originate or terminate interstate or foreign telecommunications. Comments are sought on principles of charging, extent of aggregation, implementation mechanisms, and on determination of an appropriate rate of return. This action is taken to secure information needed to develop access charge principles.


Administrative practices and procedures--Office of the Secretary, HHS. Proposed rule. These proposed rules would reaffirm the Department's policy ordinarily to use notice and comment procedures in the development of rules relating to public property, loans, grants, benefits, and contracts, even though such action is not required by the Administrative Procedure Act, and would set forth the circumstances for such use. The Secretary believes that public comment serves an important purpose in bringing the expertise and views of interested parties to the attention of the Department.


Food and Drug Administration; statement of organization, functions, and delegations of authority.


The hazardous waste management system--Environmental Protection Agency. Interim final amendments to interim final and final rules. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requires that EPA set regulatory standards for all facilities which treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste. In partial implementation of its requirement, on January 23, 1981, EPA set regulatory standards for incinerators that burn hazardous waste. These regulations were issued as "interim final," which means that, although they were issued in final form, the Agency invited public comment on them with a view to future amendment. Today, EPA is amending, on an interim final basis, certain of its regulations applicable to hazardous waste incineration facilities. Today's amendments include revisions to: the general standards for permitting hazardous waste incinerators (Part 264, Subpart O), published in the Federal Register on January 23, 1981; the interim status standards for hazardous waste incinerators (Part 265, Subpart O), revised on January 23, 1981; and the consolidated permit requirements for incinerators (Part 122), published on May 19, 1980 and January 23, 1981.U


Food stamp program; recertification of SSI households--Food and Nutrition Service, USDA. Final rule. This rule permits food stamp households containing applicants for and recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) to apply for food stamp recertification at offices of the Social Security Administration (SSA). This action is required by a partial summary judgment in the case of James Campbell, et al. v. United States Department of Agriculture, et al. This rule's effect will be to offer an alternate recertification procedure for many food stamp households.


Experiments and demonstration projects under the disability insurance and supplemental security income programs--Social Security Administration. Proposed rule. The Social Security Administration (SSA) is proposing to amend its regulations to implement section 505 of the Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-265). That section requires the Secretary to conduct experiments and demonstration projects to test alternative conditions and limitations for stimulating the return to work of disabled title II beneficiaries and to otherwise improve the administration of the title II disability program. To the extent necessary to thoroughly evaluate these alternative methods, the Secretary may waive compliance with benefit requirements under titles II and XVIII of the Social Security Act. Section 505 also authorizes the Secretary to waive or add to the requirements, conditions, or limitations in title XVI of the Act to the extent necessary to conduct experimental, pilot, and demonstration projects which are likely to promote the objective or improve the administration of the SSI program.


Lobbying and the smaller association: political clout.


Availability of information to the public--Department of Health and Human Services. Proposed rule. The Department of Health and Human Services is proposing to amend its regulations implementing the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This proposal would increase fees for FOIA searches and copying, to reflect increased costs to the Department. It also proposes guidelines for the waiver or reduction of fees.


Privacy Act of 1974; proposed amendment to system of records--Office of the Secretary, HHS. Notice of proposed new routine use for existing system of records.


Designation of certain former Public Health Service facilities as uniformed services facilities.


Regulatory policies and procedures for the Domestic Public Land Mobile Radio Service--Federal Communications Commission. Second report and order. This Order eliminates the requirement that applicants in the Domestic Public Land Mobile Radio Service requesting one initial two-way frequency demonstrate a public need for the proposed service. This action will serve the public interest by making frequencies available for use by the public in a more timely manner, by reducing the costs associated with filing applications and by relieving the staff of an unnecessary processing burden. This action is necessary to speed service to the public and to reduce staff resources necessary to process applications.


Critics fear the FDA is going too far in cutting industry's regulatory load.


HMOs may face a lean future with declining government support.


Stop-gap Florida law trims malpractice rate increase.


Health plan hikes spark action by college faculty.


Bill would stop FTC probes of health care price fixing.


CertainTeed adds benefits while cutting costs.


BC/BS to end involvement in Texas HMO joint venture.


Cut health care costs 6%-12% through administration.


Court's ruling could cripple peer review.


How to reduce your management costs.

How to reduce your management costs.


Getting doctors to underserviced areas.

Getting doctors to underserviced areas.


Volunteers as therapists.

Volunteers as therapists.


Models of abnormality: their political implications for alcoholism program policies.


Programming to meet the needs of the elderly in institutions: part II. This paper explores the principles of humanistic psychology and their application in the care of elderly institutionalized people. Activities already used by occupational therapists which can enhance the self-actualization process are described and other activities which could be incorporated into activity programs are suggested. The influence of staff attitudes on residents' well-being is a vital factor in geriatric care and must be taken into account in any form of programming.


An interdisciplinary methodology for the comparative evaluation of splinting materials (orthotics, thermoplastics, clinical research). The methodology developed includes both the use of laboratory evaluation and clinical assessment in an area where there are no standard requirements, no specifications, nor any continuity of data available on the various thermoplastic splinting materials now on the market. A series of laboratory tests and clinical trials were devised such that these could be interpreted with regard to clinical considerations, cost analyses and serviceability factors relating to the materials. Laboratory testing covered possible effects on the chemical and mechanical properties of material likely to be caused by various environmental, sterilization and working factors. The complementary clinical evaluation to highlight the behaviour of materials during the fabrication and wearing of splints consisted of specific information generated with the assistance of experienced occupational therapists, occupational therapy students and patients. Biocompatibility studies were also carried out. The data to be published will provide needed information to physicians, occupational therapists, physical therapists, orthotists, prosthetists, and administrators with regard to their making informed decisions on the selection, purchase and use of thermoplastic materials.


The counselling group: rehabilitative tool for a psychiatric clientele.


Communication and the medical care process.


Is Bayer better? With more tests behind us, we say once again: all aspirin is just about the same.


Focus: France. Interview by Karen M. Richards.


Deciding on an inhouse chem profile instrument: a process that gives a profile of effective lab management.


Overcoming resistances to telecommunication innovations in medicine and continuing medical education.


X-ray department gets cost-effective equipment, already has the system to keep it in perfect shape.


Drug utilization review: a cost-effective method that doesn't tie up costly pharmacy staff time.


Computerized pharmacy services merely continues century-old tradition at Roper Hospital.


Rationale behind major laundry renovation: spend more to save.


Contract negotiations: a standard for performance.


Job sharing in health care: an innovative concept begins to catch on.


Data processing expenditure and salary survey.


A success story: expanding system capabilities through interfacing.


Hospital information systems--the people effect.


Selecting a DP financial system approach.


A quiet IRS proposal leads to thunderous clamor as employers, consultants examine salary reduction.


Health care cost control experiments for the 1980s.


Public employee plan conference explores ways administrators can save health benefit expenses.


U.S., Canadian companies offer healthy benefits.


District governors discuss uniforms.

District governors discuss uniforms.


GAO evaluates cost-effective HMOs.

GAO evaluates cost-effective HMOs.


Pharmacists as drug prescribers: validation of certification exams and evaluation instruments. The purpose of this article is to discuss the validity and reliability of certification tests and evaluation instruments for pharmacists as drug prescribers. Under California Law AB 717, the University of Southern California is operating one of two pilot programs to train and evaluate prescribing pharmacists. Various instruments have been created and administered, and validity results are presented. The presentation is organized into two areas dealing with the development of the examination instrument and then the assessment of the prescriptions written by pharmacists. The reliability of the three sections of the certification examination as measured by internal consistency was as follows: clinical therapeutics (KR 20=.84), physical assessment (KR 20=.88), and law (KR 20=.84). The exam was given to a group of physicians (N=14) to establish a cutting score. Thirty pharmacists who took the exam did slightly better than the physicians on clinical therapeutics, but the physicians performed better than pharmacists on physical assessment (p less than .01). A prescription evaluation form was constructed to evaluate the performance of the pharmacists as prescribers. The reliability of the form as measured by coefficient alpha was .84. Concurrent validity was explored by assessing the relationship between performance on the certification exam and judges' appropriateness scored on prescriptions for ambulatory hypertensive patients. These results indicate that the pharmacists, who passed the exam, can prescribe as appropriately as physicians.


Hospital unit work concept.

Hospital unit work concept.


Efficient linen distribution: a key in controlling laundry costs.


Evaluating the effectiveness of nursing home administrations. There has been little previous research on the determinants of the effectiveness of health care administrators. This research gap pertains to virtually all health care areas but is especially germane to the long-term care field, which has only recently witnessed professional growth in nursing home associations and administrator licensing, education, and ethical behavior. The present study examines the effectiveness of nursing home administrators according to economic criteria (costs and profits per patient per day). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine structure and process variables related to those effectiveness measures. Results indicate that process variable which are controllable by administrators themselves account for the bulk of the variability in nursing home administrator effectiveness.


Peer review of psychodynamic psychotherapy: generous versus restrictive reviewers. American Psychological Association/CHAMPUS peer reviewers (N=168) evaluated clinical treatment reports that described psychodynamic treatment of middle-aged, depressed outpatients. Descriptive data are reported on the reviewer' recommendations concerning the reimbursement for previous and total (previous plus future) care. In addition, generous and restrictive reviewers are compared on their theorectical orientation, the self-reported factors affecting their review decisions, and their previously reported clinical practice patterns and attitudes toward psychological peer review. The implications of these findings for mental health quality assurance programs are discussed.


Drug interactions.

Drug interactions.


A VNA home health care program: predicting patients who refuse services. Many studies have been compiled which report patient characteristics and patterns in the utilization of health care services. Very little information is available on the characteristics of patients who refuse services in a particular program. This article employs a sample of 246 home health care patients to describe the characteristics of persons refusing services compared to a group "normally" terminating service. The method employed is discriminant analysis. The results of the study are substantively consistent with the theoretical and empirical literature on health care utilization. Those refusing service were less likely to be insured and tended to have multiple admissions to the program. They were less inclined to improve in functional status, despite a tendency toward a longer stay in the program. Curiously, fewer nursing visits occurred for these patients, despite their longer stays. Implications of the study for program management are discussed.


Pharmacokinetics and drug therapy.

Pharmacokinetics and drug therapy.


Scoring patient management problems: external validation of expert consensus. This study determined the extent to which medical faculty agreed when rating options in two written patient management problems in diabetes mellitus. Another purpose was to determine whether option weights (used for scoring) based on the consensus ratings of faculty actually predict the choices of well-qualified physicians. Experts showed better-than-chance agreement but with considerable variation from one part of a problem to another (31% to 73%). Nevertheless, consensus ratings were very accurate predictors of the decisions of endocrinology fellows (correlations from .60 to .97). When scoring weights are assigned to options in patient management problems, consensus (average) ratings of experts are likely to demonstrate high concurrent validity for well-qualified clinicans.


Non-profit mail image requires close scrutiny.


1981 multiple-death fires in the United States.


Boards must take charge in new age.

Boards must take charge in new age. Rapid change demands that the traditionally passive duties of the board of directors of non-profit organizations be replaced by a more assertive role, the author says. Facing new political and economic realities, volunteer organizations will have to adjust to increasing demands for services, and reductions in government funds in which the board of directors can be a strong, guiding force.


Fires in two boarding facilities kill 34 residents. On October 4, 1980, a fire at the Little Friends, Inc. Community Living Facility in Naperville, Illinois, killed three residents. Four months later, 31 residents died in a fire at the Beachview Rest Home in Keansburg, New Jersey. These are just two of the boarding home fires in which 138 residents died over the past three years. Across the United States, 300,000 similar facilities house two million residents.


Prospect research gains new friends in development office.


On restricting lobbying for tax exempt public charities.


InterStudy researchers trace progress of PPOs, provide insight into future growth.


Three networks reflect growing interest in the development of California PPOs.


Health care industry, business show increasing interest in PPO concept.


Investor-owned hospitals study PPO concept; leaders of industry adopt "wait-and-see" policy.


Mountain Medical PPO: a case history of marketing a new concept in the Denver area.


New financing arrangements.

New financing arrangements.


Hospital reorganization: achieving goals through structure design.


Purchase price is still a key in hospital materials management.


Industry: the education of workers in the prevention of cancer.


Arkansas hospital trains personnel to cope with nuclear emergency.


Cancer prevention: an oncologist's perspective.


Growth of research pacts underscores need for scrutiny.


The hard-selling supplier to the sick.

The hard-selling supplier to the sick.


Cancer prevention through educational intervention: what do we know and what can we do.


The management of industrial relations.

The management of industrial relations.


The relevance of action learning to problem-solving and manager development in the NHS.


Do we need a nursing management training scheme?


Law report: the Employment Protection Act 1975.


The Social Democratic Party policy for health--an interview with the SDP spokesman Mike Thomas MP.


Improving industrial relations in the NHS--a conference report.


Who are the TUC Health Service Committee?


What does antitrust ruling really mean?

What does antitrust ruling really mean?


Salaries in materials management continue to rise.


Designing forms to save money.

Designing forms to save money.


Purchasing: how is your paperwork flow?

Purchasing: how is your paperwork flow?


Developing mental handicap services. Part 2: Generating a county-wide programme of informed change.


Specialty budgeting for beginners.

Specialty budgeting for beginners.


Public participation in health care.

Public participation in health care.


Who's afraid of incentive bonus schemes? 2. Control of incentive bonus schemes.


Planning in the NHS-1982 onwards.

Planning in the NHS-1982 onwards.


Health care in Saudi Arabia: the Riyadh al Kharj Hospital Programme.


Evaluation of proposals for a patient administration system.


Preparing for the new hospital in Maidstone: the human side of commissioning activities.


The middle manager as innovator.

The middle manager as innovator. If there's one thing that most U.S. executives agree on, it's the need for higher productivity in American workplaces. So far most efforts at raising performance have concentrated on factory and office employees-partly, one assumes, because their output is easily measured. However, the increases in productivity at the shop or office level will mean nothing in the long run, if, for instance, new products aren't designed, new structures aren't put in place to accommodate change, or new equipment isn't conceived to improve product quality. In other words, a company's productivity depends to a great degree on how innovative its middle managers are. In this article, the author describes a study she conducted of 165 middle managers in five companies to determine what managers contribute to innovation and what factors the most innovative companies have in common. She found that, among other things, innovative managers tend to be visionary, comfortable with change, and persistent. Innovation flourishes in companies where territories overlap and people have contact across functions; information flows freely; numbers of people have excesses in their budgets; many managers are in open-ended positions, and reward systems look to the future, not the past.


Hospital-sponsored child care: expanded employee benefit.


Governance, sponsorship, management: what is the trustee's role?


Approaches, services vary for employee child care.


Pastoral care workshops provide resource for clergy.


Hospital trusteeship: corporate and personal liability.


Administration, Congress lacks clear focus on health care issues. Interview by John K. Iglehart.


Enabling the disabled.

Enabling the disabled. In 1974, Congress passed Public Law 93-516, the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, and in 1975, Public Law 94-142, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act. The spirit of both laws is to bring people with physical or mental impairments into the mainstream of American life. At school, dealing with a fear of disability and adjusting to the special needs of others is to become part of everyone's education. At work, the handicapped are to have a fair chance to do the jobs they are qualified for, and employers are to make reasonable accommodations to their handicapped employees' needs. Many companies have taken up the spirit of these laws. The authors describe how clear job descriptions and practical adjustments have made their rehabilitation and hiring programs work. The success of these programs offers encouragement to companies that are just starting out in such efforts.


HMOs don't have to fail.

HMOs don't have to fail. One of the bright spots in the sometimes black picture that is painted of our national health care system is HMOs. Health maintenance organizations provide health services to an enrolled group of patients for a fixed, prepaid fee. This arrangement induces HMOs to try to keep patients healthy for a competitive rate. Because of its special nature, however, an HMO cannot be managed like a fee-for-service hospital or group practice. And because few managers fully understand them, more and more HMOs are failing. The authors of this article say, however, that some failures can be avoided. Good management techniques can help HMO managers-whether they are community-spirited citizens or seasoned executives-overcome many of the problems that plague HMO plans: out-of-control utilization rates, growth that can occur overnight, conflict between the values of HMOs and of the physicians that staff them, and competitors in the health field.


Strong internal grievance procedure may forestall employees' civil suits.


Hospitals' liability extended to medical school resident's negligence.


Public opinion influences decision on CON process.


The process of an elder person becoming a patient.


Carner's codes. Chapter 2: Seven myths about success.


Health care manager's notebook: managing productivity.


A talk with Maggie Kuhn/interview by Peter James MacCracken.


Gerontology at Mount Zion.

Gerontology at Mount Zion.


Survey shows hospitals want new payment system.


How Mount Sinai is changing its medical records system.


Hospital Topics goes calling on William G. Anlyan, M.D., Vice President for Health Affairs, Duke University Medical Center.


Ethylene oxide.

Ethylene oxide.


A steam penetration study comparing a non-woven wrap and a muslin wrap.


A surgery case cart system, is it right for your hospital?


Central supply: a jury can make you a believer.


Pharmacy Qs and As: What are your feelings regarding control by pharmacy of drug administration in hospitals?


The cost containment of labor.

The cost containment of labor.


Standards of practice for pharmacy services.


How hospitals cut operating costs by cutting utility, fuel bills and have the utility pay for the savings!


Energy management.

Energy management.


Wrexham DGH: scheme one.

Wrexham DGH: scheme one.


Manchester Royal Infirmary: multi-storey nucleus project.


Hospital floorcoverings--to weld ... or not to weld: Part two.


Highly flammable bed pads banned in Boston; warning issued.


Finding alternatives to the armed vs. unarmed battle.


Supreme Court grants right to education to illegal aliens: decision has long-range implications for right to health care.


"Resuscitation and the decision against": draft report of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research.


Tax quarterly.

Tax quarterly.


Court of appeals reprimands National Labor Relations Board for ignoring Congressional admonition to avoid undue proliferation of bargaining units in the health care industry.


Social Security opt-out; injunction against a California hospital's withdrawal points out issues for all hospitals.


How to keep your manuals up to date.

How to keep your manuals up to date.


Second in a series: The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical Behavioral Research -- "The care of patients with permanent loss of consciousness".


Court holds that Blue Shield subscriber has antitrust standing.


Statute excluding men from state nursing school violates equal protection.


A look at nursing...beyond the bedside.

A look at nursing...beyond the bedside.


What if it happened at your hospital?

What if it happened at your hospital?


Supreme court rules that an agreement between insurer and a peer review organization is not exempt from antitrust scrutiny.


Records managers are expanding their role.


Hiring a health education specialist helps insure high-quality, well-organized promotion by HMOs.


Section D. Employment, hours, and earnings in the private health sector.


The scope of clinical engineering in the hospital.


Moral and ethical obligations of health executives regarding patients' rights and advocacy.


Poll shows Canadian trends.

Poll shows Canadian trends.


New teenage cancer wing.

New teenage cancer wing.


Section B. Community hospital statistics.


Section E. National economic indicators.


Participative management.

Participative management.


U.S. Supreme Court rejects case-by-case antitrust analysis in Maricopa.


What happens to health care employees after they are fired?


Is the cure worse than the cough?

Is the cure worse than the cough?


Energy management.

Energy management.


The realities of Medicare--revisited.

The realities of Medicare--revisited.


Patient-oriented management.

Patient-oriented management.


Refining the need for post basic instruction programs for registered nurses.


Is there life after work?

Is there life after work?


Section C. Health care prices.

Section C. Health care prices.


The role of provincial hospital associations.


Chester Nucleus: first operational phase.


Is it proper for a hospital to require mandatory service by medical staff members in the emergency department as a condition of medical staff membership?


Health care in the '80s: trying times for physicians.


Medical care cost containment projects: Emory's experience.


The acceptance of clinical pharmaceutical services.


Ergonomics in health care--a Day Conference of the Ergonomics Society, held at Chelsea College.


Beyond jogging shoes--physicians and wellness.


How to make major changes in paper work processing for admitting procedures. Anderson Memorial Hospital redesigned paper forms to keep up with data processing technology.


An aminoglycoside policy directed at use and cost.


Registered nurses' acceptance of pharmacists' clinical activities.


An approach to formulary consideration of antimicrobial agents: the tetracyclines.


A method for monitoring medication omission error rates. A study was conducted of the number of doses omitted on eight patient care units in a hospital which employs a decentralized unit dose system. Omitted doses were doses of drugs that were returned to the pharmacy and that, as subsequently determined, should have been administered to patients. The number of omitted doses was 0.048 per patient day. The number of omitted doses per patient day varied among the patient care units. The results were reported to the Medication Practices Review Committee, a subcommittee of the Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee. Subsequently, educational efforts by the Departments of Nursing and Pharmacy were directed towards reducing the omitted-dose rate. The study was repeated five months later. The number of omitted doses had fallen to 0.011 doses per day, a significant difference from the previous study. All patient care units but one had significantly fewer omitted doses, with the other patient care unit showing no change. This study showed that the rate of omitted doses can be estimated without the use of trained observers. Additionally, this method can be used to determine the changes in the omitted dose rate within a hospital.


A multidisciplinary audit of cardiorespiratory arrest response patterns. If a cardiopulmonary arrest occurs in your institution, will the response pattern be organized and consistent? Will the Code Blue procedure flow smoothly, with each member of the resuscitation team knowing what his responsibilities are and how to perform them? Is confusion kept to a minimum? These are the questions which our multidisciplinary Code Blue Committee was charged with answering. The committee audited four broad areas: adequacy of equipment and medication, written policies and procedures, documentation of activities, and preparedness of team members for their specific responsibilities. The multidisciplinary approach to establishing standards of practice for "Code Blues" has been very successful. As a result of the audit, specific actions were taken to correct deficiencies. In addition, the meetings provided a caucus for interdepartmental exposure and communication which has served to augment interdepartmental relationships.


Avoiding litigation through effective credentials review.


Home again in Indiana: new federalism, round one.


Hospital shopping and consumer choice.

Hospital shopping and consumer choice.


Tax considerations in charitable giving.


Penicillin skin test kits prepared by pharmacy service. Penicillin skin tests are of value in detecting patients at risk of experiencing an immediate or accelerated hypersensitivity reaction. This paper briefly reviews the immunologic aspects of penicillin hypersensitivity, the indications and procedure for using penicillin skin tests, and the interpretation of skin test results. A pharmacy-prepared skin test kit is also described. The penicillin skin test kit can facilitate the proper use of penicillin test reagents.


Variables influencing the consumer's choice of nursing homes.


Hospital pharmacists' attitudes towards medical services representatives: a comparison of directors, staff, and clinical pharmacists.


A marketing orientation for the nursing home industry.


Sweden: emergency health care scene.

Sweden: emergency health care scene.


A conjoint analysis approach to health care marketing and planning.


Pediatric health care promotion: participation despite pitfalls and problems.


Medical incident command: planning for performance.


New Britain EMS: born of crisis but thriving.


Personnel management in long-term care administration. Foremost among the serious issues surrounding long-term care is the question of appropriate staffing for quality patient care. The philosophy of personnel management in controlling the key factors of the institution's objectives will enhance the employee's capability and understanding. The approach in personnel management techniques should then be designed to involve management, supervisory personnel, and the employee. Employee efficiency, quality performance, and advancement of the overall goals are the desired end results. Employees should be constantly challenged to allow them to contribute their best efforts and achieve their potential. While both methods and the workforce are undergoing constant and dramatic changes, people continue to be management's greatest asset.


Contracting for administrative effectiveness in the convalescent hospital-nursing home industry.


Illinois economics and micrographics.

Illinois economics and micrographics. This paper covers the operational and financial details of the first Illinois computer-output microfische installation. Fiscal 1981 costs and output are compared against earlier data highlight the economics of micrographics in effecting cost savings against an ever-increasing need for computer data output to assist management information needs. Typical user data is shown and monthly report forms covering source document microfilming, photographic processing and laboratory services are presented. Operational costs are compared and the cost per microfiche copy and per original silver negative are developed. The semantics of "savings" versus "cost avoidance" is explored.


Meeting the challenges and changes in human services administration: devolution, deregulation, reduction, and privatization--symposium. American Society for Public Administration, 1981 annual meeting.


New federal policy in human services: an ogre or an opportunity?


Productivity in human services: an overview.


Health planning and competition: public goods and the impact of demand elasticity.


Funding problems in humans services: a local government perspective.


Determining supervisory status and bargaining unit composition in the nursing profession.


Baylor moves laundry operation to temporary location off site.


Linen director projects big saving in energy after laundry opening.


Renovation of hospital laundry will mean fewer operating days.


Revamping of landmark laundry leaves building exterior intact.


Practical microform materials for libraries: silver, diazo, vesicular.


How far will your hospital go to keep you happy?


Retired doctors: doing good, feeling great.


Let's stop ducking decisions on patient care.


Establishing goals for a faculty practice plan.


Forecasting.

Forecasting.


The seesaw syndrome: development of a successful hospital-based ambulatory care program.


Developing job descriptions.

Developing job descriptions.


Looking to the 90s.

Looking to the 90s.


Physician recruiting in remote areas.

Physician recruiting in remote areas.


Can a hospital sue you for a nurse's mistake?


Managers tap into small business computers.


Reimbursement of pathologists in multispecialty groups.


Authors offer tips on successfully negotiating management contract.


Contracts climb 22% in '81; more steady growth seen.


Pulmonary tuberculosis control and management.


AMA to forge a national health policy.

AMA to forge a national health policy.


Marketing a sound financial management system.


U.S. plans to drop curbs on hospital purchase of CT scanners.


Getting to the roots of poor performance.


What can a micro-PBX do for your group?

What can a micro-PBX do for your group?


Cooperative management.

Cooperative management.


Leading firms boost contract business 18.2%.


Shared services hold antitrust risk.

Shared services hold antitrust risk.


Materials management contractors work themselves out of their jobs.


It pays to give employees a day off to ponder their performance problems.


Shared services pacts up 22%.

Shared services pacts up 22%.


Hospital joins with computer firm to market wellness programs.


'Patient's rights' statement backfires, leads to release of mentally ill man.


VHA to buy 25% share of financial services firm.


AMT bid edged rival out of market: FTC.

AMT bid edged rival out of market: FTC.


New high-technology products: a boom or bust for hospital revenues.


Small staff in HHS continues review of big-ticket medical technologies.


Ads polish local image of nationally known hospital.


Co-op units offer more personal care while reducing cost of stay by 40%.


Hospital supply price hikes slacken, while credit and inventories tighten.


Hospitals will use UB-82 form as part of electronic claims processing system.


M.D. trustees prescribe laymen's input.

M.D. trustees prescribe laymen's input.


Survey proposal isn't lax, homes say.

Survey proposal isn't lax, homes say.


Bond restrictions could rob Treasury.

Bond restrictions could rob Treasury.


Zeros catch on, but risks unknown.

Zeros catch on, but risks unknown.


New markets pose foreign problems.

New markets pose foreign problems.


National Safety Council: writing and publishing employee safety regulations.


Concentrator reimbursement rules: an uncertain future.


Oxygen concentrator market fulfilling promises.


VDT's: wave of the present.

VDT's: wave of the present.


Helicopter fires and foam.

Helicopter fires and foam.


The pathologist as a consultant in a rural area. In this article, the author discusses some of the problems a pathologist serving as a consultant in a rural hospital may encounter, and ways in which the advisor can maintain good relations with the technologists, physicians, nurses, and administrators.


Medical professionals and the government--new roles for a new age. The following has been excerpted from a statement prepared for delivery by Edward N. Brandt, Jr, MD, assistant secretary for health, Department of Health and Human Services, during the recent CAP/ASCP Spring Meeting.


Type A behavior, need for control, and reactions to group participation. The present study examines the behavior of Type A coronary-prone subjects in group problem-solving sessions. Subjects discuss possible solutions to two problems in same-sex groups containing both Type As and Bs. As are much more likely than Bs to be seen as leaders and are rarely nominated as the least helpful member. Although A and B leaders are both seen as moderately likeable, A leaders' problem solutions are rated as lower in quality. Manipulations of problem importance and incentive for good solutions have similar effects on As and Bs. The results are discussed as being generally consistent with the proposal that Type As are primarily motivated by a need for control. Some indirect support is obtained for the idea that As are more susceptible than Bs to learned helplessness.


Cost per day: the best way to explain drug costs to patients & physicians.


Telephone tips to serve patients better.


Social responsibility: how companies become involved in their communities.


The corrective discipline process.

The corrective discipline process.


Part two: What new Rx services are provided in long-term care facilities?


Hospital newsletters reaffirm pharmacists' role in drug therapy.


How our pharmacists participate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


How the computer sparks efficient service to the nursing home.


How nurses & pharmacists serve effectively on our I.V. therapy team.


Stress: What is it? How to recognize? Always bad? What to do about it?


Overcoming employee ambivalence.

Overcoming employee ambivalence.


Second opinions: do they help or hinder physicians?


Prevention of slip and fall injuries: part II.


What to tell your patients if you're sued for malpractice.


Environmental activism's resurgence.

Environmental activism's resurgence.


Activism on a global scale: the infant-formula controversy marked the first time activist groups teamed up world-wide.


RACE: a public relations process model for orderly planning and efficient implementation.


Recognizing & combating stress: working under pressure.


The long struggle to make sociology useful.


Health for the whole family.

Health for the whole family.


Measuring depression in the community: a comparison of telephone and personal interviews. Interview method effects in response to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) are compared among a community sample (N = 546) of adults randomly assigned to either telephone or in-person interviews. The interviews were conducted in Los Angeles during 1980. No significant differences were observed between the two interview methods in nonresponse to symptom items, preference for specific response categories, reliability, mean level of depression, or proportion classified as depressed. Furthermore, no significant interactions were found between sociodemographic characteristics and the method of interview.


Assessing comprehension in a survey of public reactions to complex issues. This paper reports results of research to develop household interview procedures for obtaining reasonably informed public judgements about ethical issues in biomedical research. We describe (1) an interviewing strategy designed to enhance comprehension among survey respondents, and (2) a composite comprehension index based on three types of information from the interview. Using data from a cross-section sample, we identify subgroups that differ significantly with respect to scores on the comprehension index, and we then describe the observed levels of comprehension in terms of the operations defining the index. The results demonstrate both the feasibility and limits of obtaining informed rather than naive judgements about complex issues from lay respondents.


More than a bulletin board: employee publications have a new role to play, one that will reassure, guide, instruct, and above all, help employees prepare for tomorrow.


Good Samaritans and hospital emergencies.


Cheating in the labs.

Cheating in the labs.


Manufacturers describe consideration in selecting tissue trauma products.


Nursing home protocols for treating decubitus ulcers.


Hospitals and primary health care in Mexico.


Fiber.

Fiber.


Spreading the word on "innovative' programs.


Bacon Hill America: serving Canada, expanding in the United States. Interview by Patricia E. Raber.


Report on privacy: Who is watching you?

Report on privacy: Who is watching you?


The service industry: maintaining the competitive edge.


Health care planning in urban areas: the Nottingham workshop.


Fire safety in hospitals and homes for elderly and disabled people.


Hospital fire protection: the unit concept.


The role of the community care centre in an urban situation.


Health systems support for primary health care.


Hospital expands its services by lending self-help groups a helping hand.


Quality assurance in Japanese hospitals.


Houston hospital merges health promotion, haute cuisine in unique restaurant venture.


Caring for people who happen to be patients.


Self-help groups: the untapped health promotion resource.


Humanisation of the hospital.

Humanisation of the hospital.


Energy and hospitals.

Energy and hospitals.


Hospital, public libraries join forces to make reliable health information more accessible to public.


Energy management: challenge of the 1980s.


Issues: other views--health education.

Issues: other views--health education.


Developing dynamic organisations through management seminars.


Coming to a stranger's rescue: physician involvement at the scene of an emergency. On a Saturday evening last November, two well-known Los Angeles physicians who came to the aid of a cardiac-arrest victim in a Palm Springs hotel were arrested for interfering with an emergency medical rescue and resisting arrest. The incident triggered a shock wave that was felt throughout the California medical community and far beyond. Just what is the relationship between physicians and paramedics in such a situation? Who is authorized to take charge, and who is most qualified?


Infant ventilation comes of age. Interview by William Poundstone.


Avoiding the spread of infection: sterilization procedures in the respiratory therapy department. The equipment used in respiratory therapy can be the source of serious nosocomial infections unless close attention is given to appropriate sterilization, disinfection, and general measures that come under the heading of good housekeeping. And even the best of these measures will fail if therapists do not observe the cardinal rule of regular hand washing.


Paediatrics 1981: Canadian style.

Paediatrics 1981: Canadian style.


Contraceptive use patterns, prior source, and pregnancy history of female family planning patients: United States, 1980.


Art therapy and cultural difference.

Art therapy and cultural difference.


Micro-movement transducers as an aid in EEG interpretation.


Are you an effective leader?

Are you an effective leader?


Dealing with marginal clinical practice: 10 common errors to watch out for.


The adversary process: law seeking truth.


New freedom for emphysema patients.

New freedom for emphysema patients.


Survival depends on innovations: trouble-shooters needed.


Associations move ahead with teleconferencing.


Simplified specimen photography: standardized technique yields high-quality photos while saving time.


Association profile: American Society of Law and Medicine.


The satellite connection: hospitals link up for CME presentations.


Three deadly mistakes in advertising.

Three deadly mistakes in advertising.


Safeguarding the computer room from power problems.


On firing: should it be formalized?

On firing: should it be formalized?


Get the most out of your printing dollars.


Assessment of technology.

Assessment of technology.


Rx for stress: one hospital's approach.

Rx for stress: one hospital's approach.


Documenting employee problems.

Documenting employee problems.


New prescription: intensive care.

New prescription: intensive care.


Standards applicable to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities; liability coverage requirements--Environmental Protection Agency. Final rule and notice of extension of effective date. The effective date for qualifications of insurers providing liability insurance used to satisfy liability coverage requirements applicable to owners or operators of hazardous waste management facilities, as such requirements are included in 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265, is extended from July 15, 1982, to October 16, 1982. The effective date for the rest of the liability coverage requirements remains July 15, 1982. This extension is being provided to allow 6 months between the date of promulgation and the effective date for the insurer qualification provision, in accordance with Section 3010(b) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended. During the period between July 15 and October 16, 1982, owners or operators may use certificates of insurance or policy endorsements that do not certify to the qualifications of the insurer.


Utility workers mostly happy with HMO treatment: survey.


Insurers hike health rates up to 60% for small firms.


Bank hopes review plan will cut health bill.


Reducing health cost: cutting fees must start with providers and users.


Self-insurers fear they could be hurt by new health care competition law.


A three-part performance appraisal system.


The pharmacist's role in symptomatic treatment.


Health for all by the year 2000 is a policy with limits.


Recent developments in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diagnostic imaging.


Accounting rules for pension plans: FASB Statements No. 35 and 36.


Pills that compete with aspirin.

Pills that compete with aspirin.


CODAs: better than IRAs?

CODAs: better than IRAs?


The potential for performance-based benefit plans.


Innovative first aid for the 'fractured parking-gate arm' syndrome.


Immanuel Village--a unique retirement community, a unique venture in diversification.


Capital needs: a matter of survival or a political time bomb?


Reducing switchboard personnel: is direct inward dialing the cost-effective way?


Cost-effective materials management: putting the spotlight on the real savers.


The aging of age discrimination--evolving ADEA interpretations and employee relations policies.


Tax-sheltered savings for employees through cash or deferred plans.


ED admissions across U.S. down; EP glut is forecast.


Video teleconferencing techniques: Part III.


Fla. hospital works out its helicopter rules.


Orientation and on-the-job training.

Orientation and on-the-job training.


Guidelines in nuclear medicine.

Guidelines in nuclear medicine.


E.A.P.: care for the care giver.

E.A.P.: care for the care giver.


Cost containment with good will.

Cost containment with good will.


Who cleans up? The people-side of sanitation.


Training legal counsel for health institutions.


They came by the thousands ... and have been fed.


Trusteeship today: the issues.

Trusteeship today: the issues.


Is deregulation the answer.

Is deregulation the answer.


Costing out hospital-based community educational programs.


Rural consortium: key resource for critical care nursing education.


Problem: how to improve foodservice during a nursing strike.


A plea for more dietitians.

A plea for more dietitians.


33 Groups join coalition to preserve FTC power over professions.


Innovation, good management keys to financial survival, experts tell planners.


Building learner-based education and training programs.


Key house members propose two-year moratorium on nursing home deregulation.


Designed for day-to-day living.

Designed for day-to-day living.


The buck starts here.

The buck starts here.


Needle & syringe prices point upward.

Needle & syringe prices point upward.


Quality management: measuring the quality of services provided by hospital departments.


Productivity measurements for M.M.

Productivity measurements for M.M.


When the walls really have ears.

When the walls really have ears.


HCA gives its materiel managers education sessions on videotape.


Master your time management problems--now.


Canadian group announces guide for health worker immunization.


Infection perspective: meningitis.

Infection perspective: meningitis.


Hospitals don't burn--or do they?

Hospitals don't burn--or do they?


Timber treatment.

Timber treatment.


A health educator looks at medicine.

A health educator looks at medicine.


Setting up a comprehensive forms management program.


Drainage problems.

Drainage problems.


The rehabilitation of existing premises.


International standards for medical-electrical equipment.


Appropriate technology: a challenge to engineers.


Hospital Linen Services Symposium paper: effective management.


Grieving parents derive support from self-help group.


Laundry energy conservation.

Laundry energy conservation.


The Catholic health facility: would you know one if you saw one?


Two support groups focus on grief education, therapy.


The dubious values of community health fairs: a position paper.


Spiritual renewal program for CEOs explores health care ministry.


Witness in action unifies Western, Oriental workers.


Dental coverage helps recruit, retain employees.


Adapting QCs to health care: some special challenges.


Quality circle technique aids evaluative criteria process.


Nursing committees participate in management.


Parents learn child management skills in early intervention program.


Expanded in-service education includes night shift employees.


Hospital liable for physician negligence under principal-agent relationship.


Res ipsa loquitur not applicable unless negligence proved.


Selected issues in treating the Chinese patient.


Warning issued on prescription drug scam.


Baltimore Court orders Maryland Rate Review Commission to grant hospital's requested rate increase.


Pharmacy armed robberies: a problem of people, hardware.


AHA analysis determines the effects of state hospital rate regulation still not conclusive.


HHS issues interim final swing-bed regulations.


HHS issues rules on HSA governing body composition.


Treating defective newborns: who decides? On what basis?


DOJ's new merger and acquisition antitrust guidelines outline what activities might be subject to challenge.


Federal District Court refuses to apply "per se" rule in antitrust challenge to third party reimbursement policies.


Special report: Congress passes the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act.


New Tax Bill imposes some restrictions on tax-exempt bonds.


Fund development and public relations: should we splice 'em or split 'em?


Similarities and differences between an urban and a rural hospital based home care program. Over a 3 month period, 116 patients assigned on the basis of geographical proximity to an urban or rural Hospital Based Home Care Program were examined to determine whether services provided by an urban-based HBHC team could be extended by a rural-based team to a similar but rural, chronically ill patient population. Variables reflecting medical and socio-economic patient characteristics and level of services provided were gathered to test for significant differences between the two programs. Two-tailed difference of group means t-tests of the data revealed that only number of medications and supplies dispensed attained significance; patients in the urban program received more than their rural counterparts, a result probably due to the greater proximity of the program physician to the urban-based team. The results appear to indicate that it is possible to maintain severely disabled patients in their own homes in rural as well as urban settings.


Comparative approaches to resource allocation and cost containment: an International View I-- the comparative costs of health given inside and outside Hospitals: a European View.


Role analysis of the position of the homemaker-home health aide. This research attempted to clarify the definition of the role of the homemaker-home health aide, the individual who provides directly the personal and homemaking services to enable persons who cannot perform these basic tasks for themselves to remain in their homes. The research focused on the definition of this role by analyzing it from the perspective of role theory and by describing the role activity among agencies that meet the National HomeCaring Council criteria for formal accreditation and/or approval. The findings revealed very little conflict in role definition between the providers and the consumers of homemaker-home health aide services.


1982 salary survey--part one.

1982 salary survey--part one.


How well do you sell your hospital?

How well do you sell your hospital?


Day care and the chronic patient: what we have here is the same old problems in different places.


Hospital planning--an editorial view.

Hospital planning--an editorial view.


The assessment of suitability for partial hospitalization: the day therapy appropriateness scale.


American Association for Partial Hospitalization (AAPH) standards and guidelines for partial hospitalization.


Perception of partial hospitalization by mental health and rehabilitation professionals in Jerusalem.


Zurich's day clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry: setting and possibilities.


The community-based group home: experiment in psychiatric rehabilitation.


The life skills program: a psychoeducational approach to psychiatric day care.


Adult day care--a viable alternative: a comparison of adult day-care participants and nursing-home residents.


The admission criteria and an entry process to a psychiatric day program.


Barriers to partial hospitalization funding in the 1980s.


VA chief calls for disposables reuse.

VA chief calls for disposables reuse.


The AHSC case: what does it mean for group buying?


Quality is first in maintenance chemicals.


Commodity coding. Part I.

Commodity coding. Part I.


Cleaning product 'quality' stressed.

Cleaning product 'quality' stressed.


Therapeutic alternatives widely used in hospitals.


Personality type key to time use.

Personality type key to time use.


What's the value in value engineering?

What's the value in value engineering?


Can mandatory liability insurance patch the 'deep pocket' crisis?


The physician glut, quality care, and costs.


AMA stalks elusive beast: medical staff representation.


A new vacuum filling method for mass reconstitution of manufacturers' IVPB.


Use of a management information system to select and monitor patients for a new clinic.


Medicine and education: interactive processing for special children.


Primary health care delivery and public health departments: a model and simulation. Describes development of a computer simulated design of primary care service delivery within a complex organization.  Data for the model was obtained by interview, from financial records, patient charts, personnel files, and by questionnaire.  The design regards primary health care need as a variable dependent on population characteristics and disease incidence rates, with delivery of care being determined by community needs.  By extension of this line of thought, the most appropriate organizational design for the institution must necessarily be based on the specific environment in which it operates.  The model and the simulation of primary health care activity in a health department supported the hypothesis that staff assignment is a function of community need for the service, and is also a function of the resources available.  Changes in lag time for feedback regarding goal attainment did not produce any changes in performance, and political support was not found to be directly related to staffing of a particular program.  An important conclusion to be drawn from this research is that resource administration and allocation requires skills in community diagnosis and internal management which health administrators would do well to include in their education.


Prescribing in pediatric ambulatory care.


A computerized data system for coordination of pediatric care.


A quality assurance plan for an ambulatory care department.


Evolution of an HMO.

Evolution of an HMO.


Group practice at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.


Profile of Dr. Solomon J. Axelrod. Interview by Theodore Goldberg.


A RN residency program.

A RN residency program.


How to buy -- chairs.

How to buy -- chairs.


The consumer's view: a satisfaction survey.


A patchwork quilt honoring grandparents.


Food service -- tips for increasing food quality and decreasing costs.


'Farash' -- free in spirit. Middle Eastern dancing gives exercise and enjoyment.


Who shall live? Who shall die?

Who shall live? Who shall die?


Targeting for results -- identifying employee promotion potential.


Legal responsibilities and liabilities.

Legal responsibilities and liabilities.


Relating competition to long term care.

Relating competition to long term care.


People are the best productivity resource.


'Acting on the mind.'.

'Acting on the mind.'.


Identifying market segments within a health care delivery system: a two stage methodology.


A methodology for determining the market feasibility of a satellite clinic.


Comparison of perceived hospital affiliation and selection criteria by primary market segments.


The future of advertising: a hospital perspective.


Roger C. Peace Institute of Rehabilitative Medicine: marketing promotional plan.


Targeting a hospital's marketing efforts to physicians' needs.


Academicians and practitioners: a collision course or productive interchange.


Your friend, the microcomputer.

Your friend, the microcomputer.


Flight 30 ... over the end!

Flight 30 ... over the end!


Putting the pressure on shock. Part 2: a guide to the garments.


Productivity and the knowledge worker.

Productivity and the knowledge worker.


The country mouse and the city mouse.

The country mouse and the city mouse.


Budget cuts, JCAH help trigger DC hospital laundry renovation.


Muhlenberg wins bidding battle for hospital laundry contract.


Majority says rising costs will not jeopardize the future of OPLs.


First aid squad: today's Good Samaritans.


[What's new--and best--in office copiers].


Medicine-by-telephone rings some new numbers.


How for-profit hospitals are going after your patients.


A fresh--and friendlier--wind blows from the FDA. Interview by John H. Lavin.


The doctor comes out ahead, too.

The doctor comes out ahead, too.


States may get more health programs but less money under Reagan plan.


Look what's back--partnerships of corporate practices.


Hospital credit crunch looms over billions needed for modernization.


Second opinions called cost-saver, but few voluntarily seek them.


HOC promotes publicly accountable licensing system.


Use or abuse of professional credentialing.


Manpower supply and regulation: the employer perspective.


Professional peers measure competency on the job.


Future trends in regulation: a report from the state.


17% of hospital CEOs fired, revealing pressure of top job.


Specialty gives edge in rough fight for jobs.


Quality circles roll into hospitals.

Quality circles roll into hospitals.


'Efficiency boys' elbow their way into restructured hospitals.


Foundering hospital snares surplus with better mousetrap.


Hospital's new wellness center is fit with a health club image.


Voice-activation, personalized order entry system speed orders.


Staff privileges draw FTC scrutiny.

Staff privileges draw FTC scrutiny.


Labor/delivery/recovery room blends best of birthing styles.


Second opinions: the cost-saving program that isn't.


Court shoots down antitrust immunity.

Court shoots down antitrust immunity.


Hospital, as public agency, pressed to give documents to newspaper.


PR, marketing departments linked in hospitals' drive to fill market void.


Prepare to go through major attitude changes to reap restructuring reward.


Health insurers must take reins.

Health insurers must take reins.


Program seeks end to needless health services.


Pension plan disclosure rules.

Pension plan disclosure rules.


MO. puts priority on health costs.

MO. puts priority on health costs.


Assessing the general health of the accounts receivable balance.


Watch out for the tunnel: planning your educational and career future.


Functional planning for a new clinical laboratory. An important decision in planning for a new laboratory is the physical location in relation to other departments. In this article, the author examines the specimen flow, patient and information flow, and the surgical pathology and frozen section services, and explains how consideration of these areas in the planning stages determines the future efficiency of the department.


Jaipur limbs.

Jaipur limbs.


Ultrasound therapy units in Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario: performance evaluation. Twenty-six ultrasound therapy devices in clinical use in Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario were tested for performance compliance with Canadian government standards of functioning. The performance characteristics measured were the temporal average acoustic power output, the electrical impulse frequency to the transducer, and the timer accuracy. Twenty-one of the 26 units (81%) had power levels which differed by more than +/- 20% of the indicated output, and only five units (19%) had all tested power levels within +/- 20% of the indicated output. Seven units (27%) had inaccurate timers, but only one unit (of the 13 tested) had an unacceptable frequency reading. This study supports the results of other investigations which have suggested that the majority of ultrasound therapy units in clinical use are in need of calibration. This situation needs to be corrected immediately if patients are to receive the prescribed doses of ultrasound radiation for treatment purposes both safely and effectively. Possible courses of action for rectifying these problems are discussed.


Ten questions to ask -- and answer -- before launching an employee health promotion program.


Court affirms rights of retarded.

Court affirms rights of retarded.


Hospital borrows marketing techniques to design wellness program employees can't refuse.


Psychiatric help programs for employees on rise.


Burnout and self-reliance.

Burnout and self-reliance.


Would competition curb health care costs?


The cop who spreads sunshine.

The cop who spreads sunshine.


How to use the medical library as a clinical tool.


Efficient warewashing scrubs problems.

Efficient warewashing scrubs problems.


Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati goes fishing for a promotion, reels in a seafood spectacular.


ASIM cost-containment plan promotes ambulatory health care.


Units' advertising increases awareness, not volume.


The organ network.

The organ network.


Treating the unborn.

Treating the unborn.


Collective bargaining in the health care industry.


Slack, natural slack, and location covering. This paper presents a goal programming approach to location covering the contrasts the resultant models with other covering formulations. One of the primary differences between the models forwarded in this paper and those of previous studies is the notion of slack and natural slack in the definition of coverage relations. Our approach takes advantage of the latter concept, natural slack, and produces a location covering form which is more flexible in the determination of objective functions than that of other formulations. Furthermore, we show how the goal programming framework adopted herein allows consideration of a wider range of location covering policy issues.


Characteristics of the United States population.


Infant and maternal mortality in the United States.


Morbidity and mortality of the U.S. population.


Developing a regulatory strategy consistent with a competitive health care system.


The distribution of prepaid physician services in medical group practice: U.S. 1975.


Characteristics of the health services delivery system.


Financing mechanisms for the provision of health services.


Medical education and medical manpower.

Medical education and medical manpower.


The impact of capital expenditure controls in health care institutions.


Health care cost control through incentives and competition: consumer-choice health plan.


Political economy of health care in England.


Regulation of the health care marketplace: a review of the issues.


Private cost containment--medical practice under competition.


An examination of evidence concerning continuing competence of physicians.


HMOs and the medical care market.

HMOs and the medical care market.


Hospital plumbing's special designs.

Hospital plumbing's special designs.


Microprocessors, multiplexing improve hospital communication systems.


Why is testing of hospital grade wiring devices needed?


Prefabricated headwalls and columns fit hospitals.


Energy audits--what they are, and what they can and cannot do.


How a building gets built: comfortable and inviting ... a new hospital facility for children.


Direct digital control: next generation for building automation. An explanation of what direct digital control (DDC) means and how it can help control a building's consumption.


Lawmakers seek to curb tax-exempt financing.


The consultant dietitian and the administrator.


Competition in health services: overview, issues and answers.


Unique school program trains youth as aides.


Medical panel advises home on current, future services.


Seniors smile at program's half-price dental services.


Cosmetic surgery: a risky route to youth, beauty?


Our neglected kids.

Our neglected kids.


Politics, medicine blend: Berlin Army Hospital 'unique.'.


'New wave' voluntarism's success rides on pioneering volunteers' shoulders.


Children's health education begins with auxiliary library.


The hospital auxiliary in 1985: hospital department or separate organization? New organizational model would increase accountability.


The hospital auxiliary in 1985: hospital department or separate organization? Auxiliary 'department' faces legal, financial questions.


Patient rep program turns to volunteers to help build rapport.


Changing physician behavior.

Changing physician behavior.


Medication therapy in office visits for hypertension: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1980.


Drug utilization in office practice by age and sex of the patient: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1980.


AMA readies computer link for MDs.

AMA readies computer link for MDs.


Drive-in clinic: a clean, efficient setup.


Earlier denial 'arbitrary': rate hike ordered for Maryland hospital.


Quality, access to care affected: fiscal woes imperil Canadian system.


Iowa organization to implement cost-cutting recommendations.


South Florida HMO loses federal subsidy.


Automation can work, even in a people-oriented laundry.


How diagnostic ultrasound was introduced in Egypt--with the help of US physicians.


New library system saves space, speeds member services.


Stress at the top: what happens when the chief executive burns out?


Group claims system pays off in productivity.


What is the Commission on Cancer?

What is the Commission on Cancer?


An update on the field-liaison program.

An update on the field-liaison program.


The Commission's educational efforts.

The Commission's educational efforts.


Preventing cancer in the United States.

Preventing cancer in the United States.


Model project reduces alienation of aged from community.


Trimming the disability rolls--changing the rules during the game?


The elderly as a political force--26 million strong and well organized.


Should medical working hours be regulated?


Should the FTC regulate American medicine?


Professors help employers evaluate day care.


Health care in India--Canadian style.

Health care in India--Canadian style.


Capitation payment for pharmacy: a head start on fair return?


How computerized medical records can help you.


Dialogues with hospital pharmacists: Richard A. Hutchinson, Pharm, D.


The relationship between religion and death anxiety.


Policy and procedure manual: capital expenditure budget guidelines.


Maslow's hierarchy: insights into job dissatisfaction.


New management involvement: pharmacy-based homograft (ear tissue) bank.


Changing patterns of biomedical research funding: a view from industry.


Changing patterns of biomedical research funding: a view from the medical school.


Changing patterns of biomedical research funding: the impact on the clinical investigator.


The fight for safety & health at the workplace.


Microbiologists mix biochemicals, nix high-cost commercial preparations.


Automated hospital information systems. Part II: Methods for looking at costs.


'Care for Life'--a special maternity package that gives baby and parents a head start.


Employee suggestions systems: how hospitals can capitalize on employee creativity.


The big new increase in hospital blood use: focusing on long-term plans for an immediate problem.


Behaviorally caused loss of health and the use of medical care. This paper extends the analysis of the demand for medical care to an aspect which has previously been ignored: variations in expected, as opposed to experienced, cause of losses of health and the current use of medical care. Losses of health which cannot be prevented by the prior use of medical care are hypothesized to decrease the use of medical care by reducing the rate of return to investments in health, ceteris paribus. The reduction in the rate of return occurs both because these losses curtail the length of the stream of benefits to the use of medical care and because prior use of medical care is not effective in reducing the occurrence of these types of loss. Empirical findings support this hypothesis. Results suggest that differences in expected losses may account for some of the differences in utilization of medical care by sex.


Conferencing by satellite--a selection of case studies.


The anatomy of a portable TVRO network.

The anatomy of a portable TVRO network.


How to tackle training for teleconference users.


Business good, but contract EM practices unstandard.


Procuring communications equipment: the bid process and selection of a vendor.


Predicting EMS dispatch, transport, and admissions decisions with the emergency message.


Using EMS communications networks: legal considerations.


Coordinating EMS through telecommunications.


Radio system design considerations affecting medical control and EMS resource coordination.


Workplace prevention flourishes in U.S. heartland.


Routinely collected data and ischaemic heart disease in the United Kingdom.


Vaccination against whooping cough.

Vaccination against whooping cough.


A surveillance scheme with "recommended list" of artificial joints.


Where do the hours go? Project method tells you.


Work-loads in chemical pathology: too many tests?


United States/Canada civil emergency planning.


Health promotion program developed for hospital and community.


A stochastic model for the number of deaths in a fire.


Impact of step-rating and price sensitivity on disenrollment and risk selection: the experience of a group practice HMO.


Estimate instantaneous and semi-instantaneous heater size.


Development and validation of the interview skills role-play test.


Treating alcoholics in group practice HMO's: implications for management, marketing and medical care.


Governors, legislators boost leadership position of the states.


Health care in crisis.

Health care in crisis.


A first in day care for 1199ers' kids.

A first in day care for 1199ers' kids.


New York contract: united membership plus strong new leadership equals victory.


Court decisions expand industry's antitrust exposure.


Hospital reorganization: putting all of the major pieces together.


The proprietary hospital phenomenon.

The proprietary hospital phenomenon.


NHS manpower in perspective.

NHS manpower in perspective.


Pharmaceuticals in the year 2000.

Pharmaceuticals in the year 2000.


What is the impact of trade unionism on the NHS?


Is the National Administrative Training Scheme meeting its objectives?


A challenge to managers--getting to grips with absenteeism.


Law report.

Law report.


Nursing--the 1982 restructuring.

Nursing--the 1982 restructuring.


Corporate management development.

Corporate management development.


Pricing for hospital pharmacies.

Pricing for hospital pharmacies.


Medical-surgical supplies prices outpace general inflation rate.


Handling group purchasing rebates: an HPM follow-up.


Keeping track of savings.

Keeping track of savings.


Employees help hospital save money.

Employees help hospital save money.


Evaluating the consolidation decision: resolving conflict, negotiating, building consensus are keys to planning process.


Peter F. Drucker and Karl D. Bays discuss the toughest job--running a hospital. Part 2.


Is hospital marketing compatible with public accountability?


Hospital management poll--medical staff planning in the 80s.


An administrator's reorganisation reverie.


The Hariri Medical Center, Lebanon.

The Hariri Medical Center, Lebanon.


Review of patient time spent in ante-natal clinics.


To "contract" or not?

To "contract" or not?


OSHA medical records affect retention, access.


Infection perspective: influenza.

Infection perspective: influenza.


Treating cryostat injury.

Treating cryostat injury.


Health care in China: one administrator's observations.


Arrowe Park Hospital, Birkenhead.

Arrowe Park Hospital, Birkenhead.


Management structures--from blueprint to reality.


First cases of immunity diseases reported in hospital employees.


User costs in pharmacies and laboratories: a case study.


Planning, accountability and caution.

Planning, accountability and caution.


System's rural hospital expands community role.


Outreach program serves rural hospitals, businesses.


Medical office buildings: tax implications for exempt hospitals.


Hospital incident reports: protected from discovery?


Geriatric outpatient program stresses accessibility, coordinated care.


The social/HMO: is it feasible in a community hospital setting?


Health care in Hong Kong Hospital reflects Catholic values, local problems.


Nurses' vulnerability to malpractice equals physicians' accountability.


Ambulatory clinics resolve rural health delivery dilemma.


Clearly defined grievance policy forestalls discrimination suit.


Educational program for teenagers emphasizes sacredness of life.


Adolescent sexuality program focuses on responsibilities, communication.


Charitable trust helps ensure Catholic hospitals' identity.


Managers, educators collaborate for hospitalwide educational programs.


Active medical morals committee: valuable resource for health care.


Educating Sisters for trusteeship strengthens the health apostolate.


There and back again -- four men; four satellite health networks.


Multifacility health care system: accountability at three levels.


Hospitals, clinics, agencies sponsor adolescent pregnancy projects.


Pastoral care considers patients' psychological, spiritual values.


Telecommunications networking: local and regional initiatives help hospitals benefit from technology.


Is a national satellite network in hospitals' future?


Health care manager's notebook: employee discipline.


Records document pastoral care accountability and productivity.


Lay volunteers enhance pastoral care services.


Satellite telecommunications.

Satellite telecommunications.


Carner's codes. Chapter 3: Management style.


Merger agreement involves joint sponsorship arrangement.


Subpoena duces tecum protects hospitals that surrender patients' records.


Thorough evaluation reports, procedures protect hospital from discrimination charges.


On not giving a damn.

On not giving a damn.


An architect's view of the material management concept.


The management engineer's role in material management.


Material management: a matter of space.

Material management: a matter of space.


Designing the total supply system.

Designing the total supply system.


Hospital-based physician compensation: biting the bullet.


Qualifications for managing your assets.


Work measurement in a central reprocessing department.


ABC analysis and stockout reports reflecting considerations of criticality for patient care.


The MBO process applied to material management.


Logistics management increases productivity.


Working with the architect.

Working with the architect.


Addressing the nurse shortage through material management.


The dietary department: material management's orphan.


Using pilot studies.

Using pilot studies.


Facilities modernization and renovation of a medical facility.


Designing the receiving process by function.


Pharmacy organized under materiel management--a pharmacist's view.


GHC's innovative pharmacy system.

GHC's innovative pharmacy system.


Materiel management--opportunities for pharmacists.


Consultant services for pharmacy and materiel management.


The importance of amalgamating pharmacy and materiel management.


The pharmacist versus the materiel manager.


Materiel management and pharmacy in an investor-owned hospital system.


U.S. Army guideline for pharmacy supply.


Nursing expectations for pharmacy and material management services.


Materiel management and pharmacy: collaboration, control or compromise?


Legal liability of a hospital for its pharmacy.


Decreasing pharmacy revenue loss from intensive care units: a practical approach.


Drugs: procurement, distribution system and management problems.


New turbo-modulator saves 29% energy.

New turbo-modulator saves 29% energy.


Bloomington Hospital's experience with Lifeline.


Health care labor relations today, an interview with attorney Harold Hoffman.


Limited distance modems provide cost effective alternative in data handling.


Surviving Reaganomics in the public hospital: how to achieve a viable building or remodeling program.


Instituting effective access controls.

Instituting effective access controls.


Learning from failure: resubmitting your rejected proposal.


How Kettering Medical Center solved its TV tape storage problem.


How North Memorial Medical Center is making hospital employees aware of the forces at work, plus the impact on their health role in the future.


'Fire safety audit' adds innovative dimension to fire safety program.


'Professional' patient preys on hospital patients from Texas to British Columbia.


Theft of time by employees: it's costing your hospital plenty.


How to secure your parking areas.

How to secure your parking areas.


An interview with. . . Norm Bilger.

An interview with. . . Norm Bilger.


Tax quarterly: Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982.


In-service education as a promotional tool.


Correcting the health care record.

Correcting the health care record.


In-service education: the PRAISE approach. Key elements in teaching adults.


Quality assurance: a coding system to facilitate pattern analysis.


Summary of a curriculum guide for a nontraditional MRA program for ART progression.


Digital ... the new face of imaging.

Digital ... the new face of imaging.


Look before you leap.

Look before you leap.


How to save money and increase your telecommunications capabilities: a tale of two hospitals. Presbyterian-University of Pennsylvania Medical Center.


Are you really the manager you think you are?


Public conflict solves nothing.

Public conflict solves nothing.


Another tool for better patient care.

Another tool for better patient care.


Royal Inland cuts energy costs.

Royal Inland cuts energy costs.


1982 salary survey--part two.

1982 salary survey--part two.


Health information to community hospitals (HITCH): a cost conscious approach to quality library services.


Playing percentages--and winning.

Playing percentages--and winning.


Public relations: rules you can play by.


The challenge of the new hepatitis B vaccine.


Corporate action: the health and nature image of the Fortune 500 Shaklee Corporation.


More effective training: central service, Part I.


Pioneering achievement: the Joseph Belsky House.


Glare-free workstation.

Glare-free workstation.


How to save money and increase your telecommunications capabilities: a tale of two hospitals. Divine Redeemer Memorial Hospital.


The new health foods.

The new health foods.


Unit dose--a system you can afford.

Unit dose--a system you can afford.


An investigation of the determinants of the advisory and information service, and the potential for health education in retail pharmacy.


'Don't take a chance': a public campaign to encourage the early reporting of breast symptoms. As part of a study to evaluate health education about breast cancer, a campaign to encourage the early reporting of breast symptoms was organised jointly by Community Medicine, University of Southampton and Southampton Health Education Service. A thorough account of all aspects of the preparation and implementation of the campaign is presented. It is hoped that other organisations, considering a similar campaign, could utilise the materials specially produced to convey our message and benefit from our experiences.


Four steps to quality assurance in central service.


Cutting cost by simplifying the work effort.


Influence of maternal education on infant and child mortality: levels and causes. Data from the World Fertility Survey in ten Third World countries are used to test the conclusion, based on a Nigerian study, that material education is important in reducing child mortality. The analysis confirms the major importance of parental education, the impact of which is probably greater than both income factors and access to health facilities combined. Rural/urban differentials are of small importance once parental education has been controlled. The findings of the Nigerian study are modified in that paternal education is also shown to be important, though not as important as maternal education, and the step from primary to secondary schooling is more important than that from illiteracy to primary schooling. The massive declines in child mortality during the last third of a century have been the result not only of technological and economic change but also of social change, of which the most important component for the survival of children through the first years of life has been parental education. It is suggested that schooling introduces parents to a global culture of largely Western origin and loosens their ties to traditional cultures. Age and sex differentiations in power, decision-making and benefits within the larger family are reduced when schooling brings about a new family system in which women and children are allocated higher priorities in terms of care and allocation of food and in which parents can make decisions about health and child care without reference to their elders.


Empirical findings on the association between education and child health status: discussion. In this discussion of the empirical findings on the association between education and child health status, it is important to note the important contributions of Cochrane and Caldwell.  Most of the evidence comes from aggregate studies, and it shows certain facts significant from the perspective of policies.  The association between education and child mortality is found in a variety of conditions, and mother's education appears to have a stronger effect than father's education.  This finding warrants a discussion of the mechanism of this effect.  It is also relevant for intervention programs.  It is clear that despite much research the exact nature of the association between education and child mortality is not well known, and the mechanism should not be oversimplified.  The errors in basic data may be impressive, and at times it is unknown how much the real "effect" of education on mortality is overestimated or underestimated.  Selecting and operationalizing variables is an important step in the attempt to understand the nature of the relationship between education and mortality.  When dealing with population censuses or other sources of systematic information, efforts are restricted to available information.  Operational variables are usually proxies to the real theoretical variables of interest, and sometimes they are rather poor indicators.  The theoretical frame of analysis is more important when the researcher designs the collection of information.  The point that must be emphasized is that both the changes in mortality and education are occurring in the 3rd world countries within a historic transition from precapitalistic modes of production to relatively advanced, dependent, capitalistic development.  Examples are included which show the importance of considering the contextual, historical conditions which, to a certain extent, are determining both parents' education and child mortality as well as the association between them.  Another point to be considered is that both the magnitude of mortality and the low educational levels are shocking in several underdeveloped countries with avoidable deaths running to the order of several million each year.  The final point concerns informal education.  Recently, the idea of extending health services through primary health care has received important consideration.  Those programs emphasize health education and certain community participation in health programs, but these facts are not reflected in the usual years of schooling index.  In sum, the study of the association of parents' education and child mortality must be understood in the historic perspective of the different and complex social changes that are taking place in the societies of the 3rd world.


Correlates of life expectancy in less developed countries. Analyses were performed to investigate several hypotheses concerning the multiple determinants of levels of life expectancy in developing countries in recent decades and some possible explanation for the observed variations in amount of gain in life expectancy from the 1950's to the 1970's. The findings were significant. For level of life expectancy the results of this present work conform by and large to results of other scholars in this area, although the present work is unique in that only developing countries were included. From the 1960's to the 1970's there has been a shift in the relative importance of economic indicators and general social indicators in favor of the social indicators. In the period 1960-65 some 70% of the variation in levels of life expectancy was associated with per capita income and literacy rates in a ratio of about three to two in favor of the economic variable. By 1970-75 the ratio has become six to one in favor of literacy. In addition, the multivariate model showed that the sanitation variables began to appear as significant correlates of levels of life expectancy in the more recent time period, playing a larger role than level of income per capita. Work pursued as part of a separate but concurrent project explored explicitly this three-way interaction between literacy, life expectancy and sanitation.


Child mortality and fertility in Colombia: individual and community effects. The education of a mother is strongly and positively correlated with the survival rate of her children. This paper combines household data from the Colombian Census of 1973 and characteristics of the 900 residential areas in Colombia, to test various hypotheses concerning the mechanism by which mother's education and public policies affect child survival and the distribution of health benefits resulting from policy interventions. The hypothesis is advanced that education provides people with skills in acquiring and decoding new information and thus effectively lowers the costs of using more beneficial child health and contraceptive technologies. Since a primary function of health and family planning programs is to disseminate information on these same technologies, the hypothesis is tested that mother's education and these program interventions may substitute for each other in improving child health and reducing family size. The empirical analysis confirms that in urban areas the availability of medical services, family planning activities, transportational infrastructure and climate, in addition to mother's education, are associated with child mortality ratios and fertility within a birth cohort of mothers. The least educated mothers are the most strongly affected, in terms of their reduced fertility and increased child survival rates, by the local urban health programs. The evidence is, thus, consistent with the substitution hypothesis. No effects of program interventions and medical facilities are found on rural populations, though both child mortality ratios and fertility are lower for more educated rural women.


Material management: a fertile environment for hospital cost containment.


Excess beds: an inventory problem.

Excess beds: an inventory problem.


Nightingale's angels rehoused.

Nightingale's angels rehoused.


Education and infant survival in rural Bangladesh. This paper explores the mechanism through which socioeconomic status affects infant deaths. The data used here come from a prospective study in rural Bangladesh. Both neonatal deaths and postneonatal deaths were found to be higher in number among those whose mothers have no schooling. Again, education of the mother has been found to be related to gestational month at termination and this gestational month at termination (which is the maturity of the newborn) determines the neonatal death. The other factors affecting infant mortality were the height of the mother and the weight of the infant. The taller the mother, the fewer the neonatal and post-natal deaths. The weight of the infant has a direct relationship to its survival during infancy. The mechanism through which socioeconomic status affects infant deaths in rural Bangladesh was explored.  Education of the mother may be directly related to the child's nutrition, which, in turn, determines infant deaths.  The nutrition of the mother may also be inversely related to preterm delivery, and thereby more neonatal deaths.  The study began in November 1975 and continued through March 1978.  14 villages in Matlab with approximately 2200 married women aged 15-49 years were selected for the study.  All the births occurring during this period and their survival status were recorded.  A cohort of 1009 births was analyzed.  The overall neonatal mortality rate was 31, and the postneonatal rate was 40/1000 livebirths.  The neonatal mortality rate (31/1000 livebirths) was approximately 50% lower than the rate found for the rest of Matlab during the same time period.  The neonatal mortality was higher among males.  Neonatal deaths were more common in the 1st parity.  Postneonatal deaths were lowest in mothers younger than age 20.  Both neonatal and postneonatal death rates were slightly lower among literate mothers.  Another socioeconomic factor considered was the number of country boats, which are the only means of communication in the study area.  Neonatal deaths were the same among families with or without boats, but postneonatal deaths were slightly higher among families with 2 or more boats.  About 30% of births took place among families whose fathers had migrated to obtain work.  The neonatal death rate is higher among this group, but the postneonatal death rates are unaffected.  2 variables were found to be signficantly important to survive the neonatal period:  height of mother and gestation month at delivery.  Both factors were directly related to the chances of surviving the neonatal period.  Infants with taller mothers or greater weight had a greater chance of surviving the postneonatal period.  The growth pattern of female children is inferior due to the neglect of female children in the society.  Thus, a better growth of female children of this generation will reduce the infant deaths of the next generation.  Reduction of preterm deliveries by prenatal care will significantly reduce the neonatal deaths.


The educational status of parents, and infant and child mortality in rural North India. The task of this discussion is to disentangle the various forces which influence the probability of death for children and, where possible, to identify the independent role of education.  This discussion is one of a series of explorations of the mortality and fertility experiences of a sample of couples from North India.  The analysis is based on interviews with a rural sample of husbands and wives living in 120 villages in Uttar Pradesh State in India.  Information concerning fertility and mortality is based on the retrospective fertility histories collected in 1972.  The population is heavily dependent upon agriculture, and it is poor and has little formal education.  Per capita income at the time of the survey was less than $100/year, and 52% of the husbands and 87% of the wives had never been to school.  The crude birth rate is over 50/1000 and the total fertility rate is 7.7.  The overall level of infant mortality in the uncorrected data is on the order of 170/1000 births.  For the 2nd and 3rd years of life the mortality rate is 74/1000 children surviving the 1st year.  There are considerable differences in the mortality experience of children according to the educational attainment of their parents.  In general, the mortality differentials between those with no education and those with a moderate amount of education are small, but for all 3 measures of education, children with the most educated parents experience substantially lower levels of mortality.  Those households where the mother has had some education tend to have lower female than male mortality rates, i.e., children of both sexes born into those households experience lower levels of mortality than do children born into households where neither parent or only the father is educated, but female children do particularly well.  A clear measure of association between education and mortality is shown, but these measures are suggestive.  To examine further the role of education as a determinant of mortality, the multivariate correlates of mortality in the neonatal and postneonatal periods are examined separately.  In each case the determinants of death are examined in the context of a complex model of behavior.  The regressions show a reasonably high degree of explanation of mortality during the 1st month of life, but education is not a significant explanatory variable in any of the regressions.  In the multivariate context the influence of education in the postneonatal period is restricted to female births.  Those girls born to households where the mother has received some education are significantly less likely to die than are the counterparts born to families where neither parent is educated or just the father has attended school.  In sum, education is not a statistically significant predictor for the mortality probability of males in either age group, but it is a significant and robust predictor of female mortality in the postneonatal period.