Guidelines for clinical engineering programs--Part III: the risk of electrical shock in hospitals; Part IV: isolated power in anesthetizing locations? History of an appeal. This four-part series presents guidelines for: electrically isolated inputs and outputs; measuring the performance of hospital biomedical engineering programs; evaluation the risk of electric shock in hospitals; and for isolated power in anesthetizing locations. Parts I and II, covering the first two topics above, were published in the Oct.-Dec. 1980 issue of this Journal. Part III constitutes an attempt to place the risk of electric shock in hospitals in a quantitative perspective. Arguments are presented that indicate that electrical safety precautions usually take up a larger share of the hospital's biomedical equipment safety budget than is justified by the actual hazard levels. Part IV reviews the need for isolated power in anesthetizing locations. Three independently proposed revisions to the 1973 edition of NFPA Standard 56A would have significantly simplified the safety requirements for hospital anesthetizing locations (a) by reducing the area in flammable locations classified as hazardous to the internationally accepted "zone of risk," and (b) by permitting the use of conventional electrical power rather than isolated power in locations where the risk of electrical accidents can be shown to be no greater than it is in other areas of the hospital. Despite extensive technical testimony supported with substantial supporting documentation, the revisions were vetoed by the Technical Committee after they were voted into the document by a floor vote of the general membership attending the NFPA Annual Meeting in Anaheim in 1978. The chronology of the major events surrounding the subsequent appeal of this veto is traced back to 1974, and an analysis is presented of what are considered to be shortcomings in the NFPA appeals process revealed by this particular case history.


Needs assessment of parents in pediatric ambulatory care.


Market research in ambulatory care.

Market research in ambulatory care.


How to evaluate the finance function--a do it yourself hospital audit.


Total medical record: an automated system for ancillary services.


A new role for municipal hospitals in the delivery of primary care.


Drug use review in ambulatory care centers.


Regulation of medical devices in the U.S.: a disquisition for clinical engineers.


Providing psychiatric care in an ambulatory care setting.


Disaster planning: planning a first response.


The impact of the IRB on medical centers. The role of the IRB in a Medical Center is presented with respect to investigations of medical device safety and effectiveness involving human subjects. The prime points presented and discussed are: the reasons (governmental, social, economic, legal-liability, scientific and moral) for the existence of an IRB; the analytical and descriptive documentation which should always precede experimentation; the concepts governing an application to a "typical" IRB; a practical, detailed outline of some special facts and circumstances typically most important to an IRB; and, the question of confidentiality of trade secrets.


The value of music for hospitalized infants. Infants are very responsive to stimuli and may be even more vulnerable to the adverse effects of hospitalization than older children. Play techniques are effective in helping older children cope with the emotional effects of hospitalization; however their potential may be limited with small infants. Music therapy could offer a more direct and effective means of constructive interaction with this easily overlooked and underestimated age group. This paper reviews the results of a three-month trial of music therapy in an infant ward at the Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children, Halifax, Nova Scotia.


Therapeutic play: effects on hospitalized children. In an attempt to demonstrate therapeutic play as a potential treatment of hospital-induced anxiety in 5- to 11-year-old children, the following research study was conducted in two different hospital settings over a four-year period. A two-group experimental design was developed that included therapeutic play for the experimental children and pre and post measures of anxiety for all children. Results of this study demonstrate that therapeutic play is a valuable intervention with hospitalized children.


An unpopular patient--the mentally retarded child. To better evaluate the health care provided mentally retarded children, a study was conducted to determine the attitudes and behavior of nursing personnel toward these children. Since inconsistencies between expressed attitudes and subsequent behavioral descriptions are common, this study utilized unobtrusive behavioral observations followed by the administration of a questionnaire. The instrument elicited expressions of attitudes and behaviors of nursing personnel. The results demonstrated that nursing personnel expressed more neutral or negative attitudes and behavior toward mentally retarded children than toward "normal" children, and that their observed behavior was very different from their expressed behavior.


Problems in ground integrity testing.

Problems in ground integrity testing. This paper discusses the present Standards requirements and techniques for the testing of ground circuitry. The authors have found problems in the accepted standards and offer observations and testing protocols substantiating their claims. An alternate testing procedure is suggested for determining the integrity of grounding circuits.


Hospitalization of profoundly and severely mentally retarded children.


The effects of a preoperational puppet show on anxiety levels of hospitalized children. This study investigated effects of a preoperative puppet show on anxiety levels of hospitalized children as measured by the Palmar Sweat Index (PSI). Subjects were 28 children, ages 2-7 years inclusive, randomly assigned to treatment and nontreatment groups. Treatment consisted of a puppet show designed to familiarize patients with hospital routines and operational procedures. Two PSI measures were collected for each subject. Analyses of variance were used to test mean differences with data categorized by treatment, by sex, and by interaction of sex and treatment. No interaction was found between treatment and sex. Treatment was associated with a significant reduction in anxiety from the time of admission to the period immediately following the puppet show.


The living will: the final expression.

The living will: the final expression.


A prolegomenon to the allocation of responsibility in hierarchical organizations: the hospital context.


Are you a professional patient account manager?


Health planning is down--but far from out.


Evaluating a credit risk.

Evaluating a credit risk.


Cuba's refugee doctors: "Here we can hope".


Improving collections.

Improving collections.


Patient information brochures.

Patient information brochures.


Hospitals have a gun at their heads.

Hospitals have a gun at their heads.


Hospital credit and collections.

Hospital credit and collections.


Business office...not just business as usual!


The patient account managers role.

The patient account managers role.


Don't sit on your credits.

Don't sit on your credits.


Prospective reporting: growing hospitals need to elaborate forecasts.


The management of people not paper.

The management of people not paper.


Hospital corporate liability: the walls continue to tumble.


Medical care for prisoners: the evolution of a civil right.


The trustee as planner.

The trustee as planner.


The continuing clinicolegal conundrum of the Boston State Hospital case.


Politics: trustee involvement in the political process is a matter of survival.


Trustee responsibility.

Trustee responsibility.


National efforts educate, involve trustees.


Trustee perspective in the policy-making process.


Trustees work closely with hospital assembly.


Colloquy--the community hospital: its uniqueness, concerns, and future in CME.


Regulation through the looking glass: hospitals, Blue Cross, and certificate-of-need.


Vendor selection studied at Hospital Purchasing Expo.


Pediatrics: a specialty in flux.

Pediatrics: a specialty in flux.


Medical trademart backers inch closer to reality.


Physician office sterilization: the next dealer opportunity?


Self-help groups support families of the aged.


Self-care trends and public policy.

Self-care trends and public policy.


Finances, federal regs forcing shakeout of 'sick' HMOs.


A new challenge for health insurers.

A new challenge for health insurers.


11 insurers form health clearinghouse.

11 insurers form health clearinghouse.


Legal considerations in pathologists' contracting-recent developments.


Pre-employment investigations: the key to security in hiring.


No fault: a new strategy for absenteeism control.


Developing and auditing a merit pay system. Employers who use subjective appraisal ratings can be charged with unlawful discrimination. The best defense, say the authors, is designing and using an equitable performance appraisal system.


Symposia supports philosophy of QA standard.


Employee benefits: beyond the fringe?

Employee benefits: beyond the fringe?


Can you afford to hire smokers?

Can you afford to hire smokers?


Parkinson's law and absenteeism: a program to rein in sick leave costs.


Are large corporations getting behind HMOs?


Federal funding formulas and the 1980 census. Distribution of federal funds has achieved equal status with Congressional reapportionment as a motivation and justification for the Census of Population and Housing. This article describes the effects that U.S. population redistribution during the 1970s, as measured by the 1980 Census, will have on the spatial distribution of federal grants-in-aid provided to state and local governments through programs with formula-based funding systems. The conclusion is that funding changes will not match population changes. The overall redistribution of federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments occurring in response to incorporation of 1980 Census population counts into federal funding formulas will be far less than the level of population redistribution since 1970. Use of intercensal data, formula specifications, limited geographic specificity in many formula allocations, and nonformula determinants of formula-based grants all weaken the relationship between Census-measured population change and the receipt of federal funds at the local level. Despite all the intervening factors, it is probably that in many programs there will be some redistribution of funds when the 1980 Census counts are incorporated into the allocation formulas. But the importance of measurement errors and threshold and reclassification effects may equal that of true population change in determining the funds received by local communities. The author describes the effects that U.S. population redistribution during the 1970s, as measured by the 1980 census, will have on the spatial distribution of federal grants-in-aid provided to state and local governments. The author suggests that funding changes will not match population changes and attempts an explanation of why this is so


Health-care chains: big business' niche in a $billion industry.


Opportunity knocks, suburban hospital answers by producing health education series for cable TV.


Equipment buying trends.

Equipment buying trends.


Free nutrition counseling attracts shoppers to health education 'boutique'.


How well has Walter Reed's "revolutionary" food system worked?


Epidemic of enthusiasm hits medical center.


One hospital learns how to keep people healthy--'even though they work'.


1981 Ivy Awards--the inland empire: Spokane V.A. Hospital keeps law, order and patients happy.


Privileged communication: does it really exist?


Social work with family caregivers to the aged.


Practitioner to administrator.

Practitioner to administrator.


Security systems.

Security systems. The trend today is toward integration of all building functions such as life safety, security, and energy monitoring. Combination into one computerized centrally-controlled system can reduce costs and maximize system performance. In regard to building security, the seriousness and pervasiveness of crime is hardly news. For specifying engineers it means that security must be considered in every new building design and that clients will inquire about security systems for their facilities. Security-meaning protection against loss-takes three forms: the physical, involving tangible items such as fences, alarms, and annunciators; personnel, or the selection of trustworthy employees; and information, comprising the procedures employed to safeguard confidential data, correspondence, and ideas.


Aggregate nursing requirement planning in a public health care delivery system.


More energy savings through organized and monitored systems.


Improve emergency light design with lumens/sq ft method. In summary, the "Lumens/sq ft Method" outlined here is proposed as a guideline for designing emergency lighting systems such as in the accompanying examples. With this method, the total lumens delivered by the emergency lighting units in the area is divided by the floor area (in sq ft) to yield a figure of merit. The author proposes that a range from 0.25 to 1.0 lumens/sq ft be specified for emergency lighting. The lower value may be used for non-critical areas (for example, warehouses), while the higher value would be used for areas such as school corridors and hospitals.


United States Supreme Court denies tax-exempt status to cooperative hospital laundry facilities.


Microbial penetration of surgical gown materials.


Breast cancer death rates by health service area, 1968-72.


Death rates from ischemic heart disease and other related diseases by health service area, 1968-72.


Cost containment is good management.

Cost containment is good management.


Outreach: an organizational strategy for results.


THA's role in government relations.

THA's role in government relations.


Interim study committees.

Interim study committees.


Methodology for personnel assessment.

Methodology for personnel assessment.


Legal review: the dilemma of access versus confidentiality.


Health planning law.

Health planning law.


Hospital-wide education in a small community hospital.


How you can become more effective in government relations activities.


"Reaganomics": proposed budget cuts.

"Reaganomics": proposed budget cuts.


Compensation for resident physicians.

Compensation for resident physicians.


As I see it: ministrations of volunteers and auxilians.


Getting ready for the next malpractice insurance crisis. In light of indications that another malpractice insurance crisis may be just around the corner, hospital managements should be analyzing the available insurance options. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of commercial insurance, self-insurance, and captive insurance and suggests when each is appropriate.


Self-insure? This may help you decide.

Self-insure? This may help you decide.


What to look for in a directors and officers liability policy. In today's litigious climate, hospitals and their trustees are vulnerable to claims in a number of areas. Most hospitals indemnify their trustees through a general liability insurance policy or a separate directors and officers policy. This article discusses what a directors and officers liability policy covers and what hospital boards should look for in such coverage.


The case for self-insurance.

The case for self-insurance. Faced with escalating costs for primary professional liability insurance, many hospitals are considering self-insuring at least part of their professional liability risk. Self-insurance offers advantages over commercial insurance in several areas. The most important corollary of self-insurance from the perspective of the board is the need for more intimate involvement in the quality of medical practice in the institution.


How free is the 'free market' going to be?


The undernourished and the health care facility.


A systematic plan for medical staff analysis. A well-organized, periodic examination of the makeup of the medical staff, coupled with plans for implementing changes in an orderly manner, can minimize or eliminate sudden disruptions and deterioration while fostering greater hospital stability and better quality of performance.


Tailoring to the garment needs of the institutionalized.


Military hospitals care for fewer, but technology demand seen up.


Quality assurance in health care.

Quality assurance in health care.


Quality assurance in USA.

Quality assurance in USA.


Measuring the quality of medical care: a general report.


Pulling the plug: reevaluating the medical enterprise.


Quality of care assessment and medical care programmes.


The quality of medical care: only a medical problem of measurement?


Measuring the quality of care in general practice.


Measuring the quality of primary care.

Measuring the quality of primary care.


Measuring the quality of medical care: a report from Hungary.


Cost of nosocomial infection in general surgery.


Measuring the quality of medical care: a report from the German Federal Republic.


New approaches to U.S. medical care assessment.


The role of the hospital in promoting and providing primary health care.


Medical records: visible proof of quality care.


Perspectives of the aged in the world demography: comparative review with Mexico and Latin America.


A graduate program in institutional pharmacy management leading to an MS in hospital pharmacy, MBA and residency.


Pharmacy curriculum and health care needs in Saudi Arabia.


Elder-Ed: consumer drug education to older persons.


The patient package insert--an ethical dilemma.


What's happening to housestaff incomes?

What's happening to housestaff incomes?


Bay Area hospital takes Madison Avenue approach.


Financial woes close Idaho HMO.

Financial woes close Idaho HMO.


Thieves steal fashion scene from physicians.


ALA's new self-help program for kids with asthma is "Superstuff".


Emerging options in health care.

Emerging options in health care.


Funding mechanisms: "from state to hospital and associated institutions".


Lambarene is not enough any more.

Lambarene is not enough any more.


Control of spending by hospitals and associated institutions.


Hospital funding and management efficiency.


Keeping people out of hospitals and associated institutions.


Is it worth dying for?

Is it worth dying for?


The bed--who pays?

The bed--who pays?


The alternative: changing the hospital's role.


Gold and silver; an observation on the British Health Service inquiry.


Acute hospital care: "the major commitment.".


The hospital as the centre of the health system.


Prevention or intervention. The emerging role of hospitals in health promotion: a response to a changing environment.


Quality assurance programmes for nurses.


Nutritional neglect in hospitals: the challenge of the eighties.


Quality control programmes: the Australian Council of Community Nursing.


Local area organisation: a practical solution to the problem of fragmented health services.


TV production--training for future bio-communicators.


Doctors and patients: partners or adversaries?


Essential equipment for ambulances. Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons.


The EEG as confirmatory evidence of brain death: previous and current approaches.


An ethical dilemma: information control in cancer care.


Cost awareness.

Cost awareness.


Recommendations on experimentation with children: some differences in Canadian and American approaches.


Department of Justice, Antitrust Division. United States v. Halifax Hospital Medical Center, et al.; proposed final judgment and competitive impact statement.


Grant programs for schools and hospitals and for buildings owned by units of local government and public care institutions, amendment of regulations: Department of Energy. Final rule. The Department of Energy (DOE) today issues a final rulemaking amending existing regulations for the administration of the grant programs providing schools, hospitals, units of local government, and public care institutions with financial assistance for the purpose of reducing energy consumption. The revisions are made as a result of experience obtained during the operation of two grant cycles, and are made for the purpose of reducing the administrative burdens on institutions and States participating in these programs and providing greater flexibility to States and institutions in their implementation of the program.


Chest x-ray referral criteria panel draft report; availability--Food and Drug Administration. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announces the availability of a draft report. "Chest X-Ray Referral Criteria Panel Draft Report No. 1: Selected Screening Uses of the Chest X-Ray Examination" developed by a panel of physicians on the utility of selected chest x-ray screening examinations. This notice also describes FDA's planned procedures to facilitate the development and testing of referral criteria for medical radiological examinations.


The national nurse shortage.

The national nurse shortage.


Potential for personhood: a measure of life. The severely defective newborn, legal implications of a social-medical dilemma.


Physician agreements to control medical prepayment plans: Federal Trade Commission. Notice of initiation of case-by-case law enforcement program.


Alternative futures for health care: emerging issues and society's future.


Paying for prescription drugs.

Paying for prescription drugs.


Cost shifting in hospital reimbursement.


If the health planning lid is removed, will a hospital building boom erupt?


HMO to open its doors after a 6 1/2 year wait.


Medical malpractice crisis: Part 2.

Medical malpractice crisis: Part 2.


Harnessing health costs: cost-containment steps save benefit plan budgets.


Design sensitivity: the partially sighted.


Ontario's opted-out doctors state their case.


The history of patient package inserts in the United States.


The pharmaceutical industry's responsibilities in the prescription process.


Increasing patient compliance and pharmacy's stature through patient education.


Nurses wanted: hospitals boost benefits, perks to attract hard-to-find recruits.


Your medical records: not so private anymore.


Care of the family of the critically ill neonate.


Southern centers share energy saving passion.


Forms management handled by "specialist' at LeBonheur.


Good employee management key to successful materials management.


Market forces put waterbeds in many purchasers' futures.


Ambulatory books or out-of-reach books?

Ambulatory books or out-of-reach books?


Hospice in Tennessee.

Hospice in Tennessee.


Team inpatient hospice care--the St. Thomas approach.


Evening triage clinic improves patient care.


Quality assurance in the ambulatory care setting.


Rural hospital care goes home--the apnea monitor.


Hospital crisis.

Hospital crisis.


Nebraska Hospital Association to expand shared biomedical repair service.


Building toward the future with outpatient services.


Monitoring care by computer: a new system helps medical staffs keep tabs on costs.


Four-day work week for respiratory therapists pays off in higher productivity, lower turnover.


Introduction to legislation and regulations governing discharge planning.


Discharge planning models: Rhode Island model.


Interdisciplinary discharge planning: a professional challenge and responsibility.


Nursing home pre-admission screening programs.


Comprehensive assessment: the heart of discharge planning--a social work perspective.


Discharge planning models: Bon Secours Hospital, Grosse Pointe, Michigan.


Comprehensive assessment: the heart of discharge planning--a nursing perspective.


Discharge planning models: Claremont General Hospital, Claremont, NH.


Discharge planning as a decision-making process.


Discharge planning individualized: the nursing process.


Avoiding the humanistic aspect of death: an outcome from the implicit elements of health professions education. There is a basic incompatibility between contemporary death education and the fundamental education of health care professionals. Programs on death and dying explicitly require learners to focus on the affectual and experiential aspects of their patients and of themselves; yet there are implicit elements of health professions education that keep the attention of the student and clinician centered on technological factors. As a result, reactions to death become inadvertently linked to the models and actions prescribed for health care. Thus, humanistic aspects of death and dying are avoided because of the need to fulfill the technological expectations of the profession. These covert influences arise from the use of the medical model, the language of the health professional, and the expectations of the medicalized patient.


The hospice: an educational-service model providing counseling opportunities and indirect benefits for older widows. The article focuses on the large and increasing number of older widows who are available for human service work within the hospice movement caring for the dying and the bereaved. The need for preparation for widowhood is cited as one major reason why widows should assist potential widows to prepare more adequately for this eventuality. Widows are portrayed as effective lay counselors in hospice because they have experienced the reality of death and possess an empathetic readiness for work in this human service field. The hospice training program for widows is appealing because it presents learning experiences that are satisfying for the older learner. Numerous therapeutic and educational benefits are available to the older widows who participate in hospice work and training. Widows, therefore, become both the beneficiaries and the benefactors of their service efforts.


Judicial review of state health plans after the Health Planning and Resources Development Amendments of 1979.


Hospital CCTV--more than patient education.


Copyright considerations for institutional TV.


Training for institutional housekeeping.


To change or not change.

To change or not change.


RWDSU and SEIU agree to merge.

RWDSU and SEIU agree to merge.


Housekeeping via computer.

Housekeeping via computer.


Quality of work life programs give employees a voice.


These Southern hospital workers have left the plantation forever.


The service employees: a sister union that's a lot like us.


The hospital professional who's on your side.


Bringing the campus to the clinic: Michigan's family practice center.


Health promotion and wellness: a marketing strategy.


Building a new facility: considerations for the selection of an architect.


Antitrust law may be the new regulator of the nation's health industry in the 1980s.


Justice, FTC ponder future strategy for antitrust moves in health care.


Enforcement of state antitrust laws gains momentum; Ohio sets pace in suits.


Removal of traditional barriers exposes health care industry to antitrust barrage.


Earle Le Van's management for nutrition.


Randy Breslin's irresistible creations for nutrition.


Hospitals are a great niche for Shared Medical Systems to grow in. But it's hardly a secret anymore to sharp-eyed competitors.


New venture: satellites impact on fund raising.


Donor's perspectives on giving open some eyes.


Non-profit CEOs agree:  communicate or perish.


Competition prompts marketing orientation.


From a trustee committee--a managing group for managers.


Non-profits note victory in postal rate controversy.


Mandatory continuing education--is it affordable?


Evaluation of foreign medical schools.

Evaluation of foreign medical schools.


Competition advocate says antitrust laws apply, no boost needed in bills.


Does your shared-service organization need an entrepreneur or an administrator?


Harvard teaching hospital gets $50 million for genetics lab.


How to negotiate a successful hospital-HMO contract.


Actions of the New York State Board of Regents with respect to hospital clerkships and medical licensure.


Where productivity begins.

Where productivity begins.


Beyond the standard shift: staffing geared for today.


Effect of scientific obstetrics on perinatal mortality.


Fight the high cost of healthcare: the staff shows how.


Working outside the NHS: a hell of an adventure.


Quality health care and the antitrust laws: can they really coexist peacefully?


Supplies systems: taking the top off storage.


The cost of old age.

The cost of old age.


Elderly in Canada: integrated care.

Elderly in Canada: integrated care. Care of the elderly is perhaps one of the more acute areas of need in the health service in the United Kingdom. By comparison, Canada does not have such a high proportion of elderly people, but John Watson found a more positive approach to "keeping people at their highest level of function" during a visit to the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto. He found that the centre, which was set up in the last ten to 20 years, has some facilities which are not generally offered in this country.


Health service women want more than ties.


Cottage hospital: a local prize.

Cottage hospital: a local prize.


Clearing up a complaint.

Clearing up a complaint.


Health education: a breath of fresh air.


Medical education: a building to be proud of.


Health education: promotion and prevention.


Foot care for the diabetic patient.

Foot care for the diabetic patient.


Client centred consulting (Part I).

Client centred consulting (Part I).


Industrial relations and the personnel role in the NHS.


Georgia Legislature takes no action on rate setting bill.


Clarifying the role of a department.

Clarifying the role of a department.


Hospitals may improve reimbursement by advance planning.


The individual role and the importance of shared expectations.


Shared service groups and the battle for the tax relief: an overview.


The computer: its time has come.

The computer: its time has come.


7% inflation in medical-surgical supplies in 1980: 8% in 1981?


Hospitals need an integrated approach to materials management.


The minicomputer as a tool for hospital materials management.


The growing use of computers in materials management.


Planning for people--a hospital's most important resource.


When hospitals guarantee their services: what happens when the patient is always right?


Pilferage: it's costing hospitals big dollars.


Marketing research for better planning: focus groups.


A great idea to save money: suggestion scheme competition.


Midnight magic?

Midnight magic?


The provision of hospital radio services.


Peterborough thinks electric.

Peterborough thinks electric.


A Canadian approach to computer development.


Devolution in action: the development of Monklands District General Hospital.


NHS reorganisation.

NHS reorganisation.


Incomes policy and pay determination in the NHS under Whitleyism.


Investigation raises questions about povidone-iodine.


Respiratory equipment serves as reservoir for Acinetobacter.


Tips offered on ways to direct IC committee.


Supply of steam to the Manor Hospital from a new source.


Food trolley bay and records storage.

Food trolley bay and records storage.


Traditional controls.

Traditional controls.


Individual system control.

Individual system control.


Management training and the works staff: the Falfield/Keele courses.


Works incentive schemes: are they worth it?


The energy economics of hospital refuse disposal.


Hospital ventilation systems: a review of the progress of heat recovery.


Blofield Hall--effective implementation of management techniques.


Programmable clocks and optimiser simulation.


Techniques for establishing quality assurance priorities.


The new NHS: value for money?

The new NHS: value for money?


Developing the works structure.

Developing the works structure.


New rehabilitation program decreases hospital costs.


Quality control maintained in community hospitals.


Alternatives to Social Security: what are the total costs?


Tau Home Health Agency, Milwaukee, WI. Varied services assist older Americans.


An interview with Theodore J. Druhot, Chairman, CHA Board of Trustees.


Interview with Bishops Mark J. Hurley and Daniel E. Pilarczyk.


DRGs broaden hospitals' accountability, responsibility.


Regional peer review: mixed results in Massachusetts.


Avoiding burnout: joint employer-employee responsibility.


Regional hospice network assessed after first year's operation.


Courts obliged to judge for incompetent patients.


Dialyzing for dollars.

Dialyzing for dollars.


Plaintiff must substantiate malpractice allegations.


Emergency department medical history: principles and techniques.


How to manage violent patients.

How to manage violent patients.


PPIs stayed indefinitely; administration officials candidly discuss PPI status.


Rural health--better service, bigger demands.


Hospital wins important issues in Hill-Burton charity obligations appeal.


Shared savings financing: let the borrower beware.


NLRB's most recent solicitation and distribution ruling reaffirms case-by-case approach.


Swing-bed grant program announced for small or rural hospitals.


Should we pay managerial ability?

Should we pay managerial ability?


Recruiting and retaining physicians.

Recruiting and retaining physicians.


Don't ignore social issues of aged.

Don't ignore social issues of aged.


Are we communicating?

Are we communicating?


Public relations: an explanation seems in order.


Your first line of defense against fire.


A computer is only as good as its managers.


Infection control--back to basics.

Infection control--back to basics.


Informed consent isn't a routine matter.


Labour arbitration: wording plays a big part in some cases.


A new practitioner is emerging.

A new practitioner is emerging.


In-service education of professionals as health educators: it's not the same as just running courses.


Johnson & Johnson offers employees healthy product: live for life.


Aggression in the healthcare environment: response & responsibility--Part One: I had to defend myself.


"Inhouse or contract--it's your choice.".


Do patients read breast self-examination booklets? If a campaign to encourage women to examine their breasts for lumps is to succeed, it is necessary for women to read the literature produced. An attempt was made to estimate whether such literature was read, and in a group of women 90.6 per cent read the booklet, and 15.9 per cent altered their behaviour. There were several other non-numerical indicators which strongly suggested that women read the literature. A large-scale study is now under way.


Sharing the eighties.

Sharing the eighties.


Communication as they like it.

Communication as they like it.


You can stop meeting like this.

You can stop meeting like this.


Get involved to get the best.

Get involved to get the best.


The potential for outside influence on federal health care research and policy-making.


Health planning and regulation by A.D. 2008; or, the gingham dog and the calico cat.


What legal requirements must be met concerning the medical records?


A financial evaluation of the policy of consolidation/closure of obstetrics services.


Development and use of a method of assessing patient perception of care.


Used integrated QA systems to identify problem physicians.


Drug distribution systems in Oregon's long term care facilities.


P&T committee: an approach to formulary consideration of antimicrobial agents--introduction.


Drug utilization reviews--a major responsibility of the P&T committee: an administrative overview.


Some abbreviations found in medical records.


Writing recommendations.

Writing recommendations.


Intravenous administration sets--an overview. Intravenous administration sets continue to become more sophisticated in response to advances in medical therapy. A number of design options are available to meet specialized needs. It behooves the pharmacist to become familiar with them in order to insure that sets compatible with and optimal for their intended application are selected in his or her institution. Doing so will fully execute his or her increasing responsibilities in I.V. therapy.


Documentation of drug substitution in the medical record. Although generic drugs have been well accepted by many pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and patients, some pharmacists are reluctant to use them because of difficulties in communicating these substitutions to other health care practitioners in the facility. This article present one method of communicating this information, thereby making the use of generic drug more acceptable and safer.


"PRAKTICE"--a clinical information system.


Corporate Health Examiners:  a New York-based business/health facility designed by Fitting Interiors.


Technical implementation of PRAKTICE.

Technical implementation of PRAKTICE.


Tracking and requesting medical records with the help of the computer.


The effects of computerization on medical records at the Mason Clinic and Virginia Mason Hospital.


Computerized records in the intensive care unit.


The village concept.

The village concept.


University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics medical record department computerized systems.


Residents/volunteers: some words go together.


Parade!

Parade!


Deciding on innovations.

Deciding on innovations.


Hospital social workers become 'decision makers' in nursing home placement.


Spotlight on staff development: efforts are appreciated by management.


Fragile -- handle with care.

Fragile -- handle with care.


Supreme Court and IRS tighten inventory noose.


Financial capital improvements for small facilities.


Nursing shortage problem being resolved.


The Wisconsin system: quality of care in nursing homes.


A communication guide for nursing home professionals. American Health Care Association.


Health systems agencies.

Health systems agencies.


Spotlight on staff development: employing the right person to do the job.


Looking for nurses.

Looking for nurses.


Curing medical inflation.

Curing medical inflation.


AHCA comments on survey and certification.


Changes in the legal status of mental patients and hospital management.


Establishing a marketing organization for hospitals.


A determinant attribute approach for developing primary care marketing strategies.


Health care marketing: progress and prospects--a panel discussion.


Marketing applications for hospital laboratory services.


Meetings: how to plan and execute the perfect event.


Marketing position and promotion for the medical nurse practitioner.


Good Samaritan laws.

Good Samaritan laws.


North Carolina's mobile intensive care nurse.


Southeast Asians: a cross-cultural medical challenge.


Personal computers in medial data acquisition.


Fiji's health care.

Fiji's health care.


Video CPR: the largest promotional campaign ever plays over national TV.


Psychoanalytic concepts applied to the therapeutic management of hospitalized patients.


A study of abuse: the Tribune investigations.


Emergency care in Chicago: an ill wind blows.


Therapeutic alliance versus "conversion" in hospital psychiatry.


The manager-therapist team approach.

The manager-therapist team approach.


Building an alliance between the families of patients and the hospital: model and process.


Abuse of rights in Title VII cases: the emerging doctrine.


A model to assist planning the provision of hospital services.


Wrongful discharge claims raised by at will employees: a new legal concern for employers.


The public finance of medical and dental care in Newfoundland--some historical and economic considerations. The article discusses the evolution of Newfoundland's health care system from the turn of the century to the present. During this time there were considerable changes in social conditions, political arrangements and the availability of public monies, all of which influenced the structure of the health care sector. In general terms, Newfoundland's health care system shifted from one involving low expenditures and many British type institutions to one involving high expenditures and American type institutions. The evidence suggests that the changes have been particularly beneficial for Newfoundland's merchant class, including the doctors and dentists, although some benefits have also accrued to patients and fishermen.


The hospital credit manager.

The hospital credit manager.


Writing--its influence on collections.

Writing--its influence on collections.


Is a production schedule a useful management tool?


Outpatient policy essential.

Outpatient policy essential.


Cash in hand is worth....

Cash in hand is worth....


How you can market yourself and your department more effectively.


High-temperature laundering serves no purpose today, says columnist.


Cleancraft Linen Supply will design and manage central-laundry plants.


Merit pay: fact or fiction?

Merit pay: fact or fiction?


St. Joseph Hospital laundry soon to handle linen for Silver Cross.


How to organize most effectively a hospital linen-distribution system.


War of the words: will books survive?

War of the words: will books survive?


Mental health in China today.

Mental health in China today.


Roadblocks to hospital marketing.

Roadblocks to hospital marketing.


The market for health services: is there a non-traditional consumer?


Creative art therapies: another language.


Reducing cigarette smoking: an opportunity for social marketing?


The nation's bitterest health-planning battle.


Marketing strategies in health education.


Where your specialty is needed most--and least.


What we have to do to help solve the nursing crisis.


Is care by non-doctors cheaper? Not in my area.


Nader's successor sets his sights on you. Interview by Howard Eisenberg.


How to crack the $2 billion hospital market for pharmaceuticals.


Substitution: expectations and realization.


New blood-washing therapy.

New blood-washing therapy.


Hospital pharmacists play a key role in drug product selection.


The group process: key to more productive management.


NCR, H-P kick off new HIS plans.

NCR, H-P kick off new HIS plans.


Are you "humoring" your employees?

Are you "humoring" your employees?


Integrate word, data processing.

Integrate word, data processing.


The ABCs of clinic management.

The ABCs of clinic management.


Fully detailed contracts limiting misunderstanding.


IBM unveils HIS for small hospitals.

IBM unveils HIS for small hospitals.


Affiliates bought by Hosp. Corp.

Affiliates bought by Hosp. Corp.


MGMA: an organization that is changing to meet tomorrow's needs today.


Nursing curricula fuel shortage.

Nursing curricula fuel shortage.


Too much technology, not enough control.


Trustees appealed to the public and government to save Bronx-Lebanon.


'Privacy' right cuts off life support.

'Privacy' right cuts off life support.


Congress gives top priority to bills designed to slash federal spending.


Groups debate future of planning.

Groups debate future of planning.


Physicians lack economic incentive to get along with hospital nurses.


Buying groups tell drug prices.

Buying groups tell drug prices.


Reimbursement hurts financing plan.

Reimbursement hurts financing plan.


The budget: your financial road map.

The budget: your financial road map.


Pioneers' paths vary, but all coverage at hospital's top slot.


Wellness, free standing services spur growth.


AHS may be guilty of conspiracy, judge rules.


Nonprofits will merge, add services in 1980s.


Hyatt target large public hospitals.

Hyatt target large public hospitals.


Women execs blaze trails to top management.


Record bond sale in first quarter.

Record bond sale in first quarter.


Consider microfilm.

Consider microfilm.


Venture capital firms seek good investments.


Put some direction in your sign program.


Information systems: 1980 increase in in-house finance systems signals trend.


Hospitals speed up use of micros.

Hospitals speed up use of micros.


Innovators explore alternative financing.


25 of HMOs could die of thirst if Congress turns off funding spigot.


Patient advocacy for the 1980s.

Patient advocacy for the 1980s.


Nursing home chains sell stock for capital.


A county's best option might be to sell its hospital to a multiunit chain.


Integrate hospital operations with electronic information environment.


Deregulated healthcare industry must cover virtually all Americans.


Burn your medical records!

Burn your medical records!


Personal requirements for survival.

Personal requirements for survival.


Multi-institutional arrangements in health care: some marketing implications.


U.S. Supreme Court could immunize planning from antitrust examination.


Patient has right to unedited copy of her medical record, court rules.


Expand personnel unit's jurisdiction to address workers' changing values.


Funding doesn't affect nurse supply.

Funding doesn't affect nurse supply.


Managers need political savvy to survive '80s.


Panel whittles differential to 4.5%.

Panel whittles differential to 4.5%.


Hospital suppliers increase prices more than underlying inflation rate.


Housekeeping supply prices up 13%.

Housekeeping supply prices up 13%.


Humana alumni defy predictions.

Humana alumni defy predictions.


Hospitals wipe out recruiting costs by training LPNs for R.N. positions.


Two large multiunit systems account for half of hospital chains' growth.


Hospitals need tight credentialing policy.


Nursing home chains buy up smaller groups.


Young system races into growth program.

Young system races into growth program.


Financing healthcare: Ernst & Whinney leads in feasibility study volume.


Retirement apartments promise big business for nursing home chains.


Work with bondholders on restructuring plans.


Hospitals turn to money center banks as bond interest rates soar.


Nonprofit's taxed unit can sell stock.

Nonprofit's taxed unit can sell stock.


Planning law's demise could help multiunits.


Hospitals target interim financing.

Hospitals target interim financing.


Health and disease in the community.

Health and disease in the community.


Developing a valid data base for continuing education in the health sciences.


Issues in health promotion.

Issues in health promotion.


Master planning: key to survival.

Master planning: key to survival.


Interest in neonatal waterbeds crests after donation program.


A quality assurance program.

A quality assurance program.


Judge dismisses three counts; asks AHSC defense on three others.


Knowledge of state support laws can increase collections legally.


Forecasting and resolving inpatient collection problems. Part 1.


Cash forecasting and management--an alternative to financial disaster.


Performance standards form the basis of management control.


Collection gamesmanship--making the debtor want to pay.


Exploring byroads in medical ethics.

Exploring byroads in medical ethics.


A pathologist as a media doc--a true story.


We must be concerned with public relations in the credit office.


Getting good care into the outreaches.

Getting good care into the outreaches.


Performance appraisal: one company's experience. In many corporations the installation of a performance appraisal program is a necessary step to opening the door to other key human resource development activities. Implementing a performance appraisal program that works and convincing managers to use the program are essential if other human resource development programs are to succeed. This article describes the characteristics of the performance appraisal process used at Glendale Federal Savings and Loan Association, Glendale, California, and how data generated by the program was used to facilitate other employee development programs.


The computer as tool: forecasting salary costs.


The grievance procedure and organizational health.


A program guide for preventing sexual harassment in the workplace.


Effective staff selection.

Effective staff selection. Management needs to ensure successful selection procedures throughout the company because selection is a critically important management function that ultimately influences the success or failure of the enterprise. Poor decisions in staff selection can reverberate throughout the organization by dampening staff morale, wasting valuable time, and reducing productivity. Staff selection consists of several identifiable stages of activities. Although selection can be broken into specific steps, the complexity of human behavior limits the usefulness of the cookbook approach. An emphasis solely on procedural stages provides the form without considering the substance. Nor is it possible to identify all the problem areas possible. With these limitations in mind, this article examines common and critically important problem areas in staff selection and suggests ways of handling or correcting them.


Psychosocial responses to chronic hemodialysis.


Who really runs the hospital?

Who really runs the hospital?


Telemedicine.

Telemedicine.


35 hours with a transplant surgery team.


Utilization drops in psychiatric services.


Auditing medical claims: new approach to cost.


How can industry expand its role from payor to initiator of change in the health care delivery system?


Clinicians as social policymakers.

Clinicians as social policymakers.


Don't get "one-year" by making the mistake of thinking that JCAH has "backed off.".


Plumbing design has major impact on energy consumption.


Let's get practical: not another bylaws revision.


Staffing primary care in 1990: an overview.


How can insurers influence the cost of health care and reduce its rate of increase?


Rewriting the myth.

Rewriting the myth.


Hospital inventory: a qualitative analysis.


Registration of therapeutic recreators: standards from 1956 to present.


Therapeutic recreation accreditation: its problems and future.


Professional preparation in therapeutic recreation.


Status report: continuing professional development program for therapeutic recreators.


Professional standards: improving the quality of services.


A study of the professionalization of therapeutic recreation in the state of Michigan.


Changes in infant mortality and related rates by health service area: 1969-73 to 1974-77.


The quality assurance administrator: who will it be?


Quality assessment by the criteria mapping method.


Medical record redesign: the impact of ambulatory care quality assurance.


Sample selection, sample size, and reliability of results.


Use of generic outcome screening criteria for problem identification.


Managing quality assurance information: organizational and staffing consideration.


Innovation in medical care evaluation.

Innovation in medical care evaluation.


Issues: other views -- health educators.


Designing a computer-assisted medical record to meet quality assurance standards in a mental health setting.


Data collection--new tools for quality assurance.


Managing legal process.

Managing legal process.


A basic introduction to the health hazards appraisal.


Reducing the risk of risk appraisals.

Reducing the risk of risk appraisals.


Access to medical records, part 1: Who may review a patient's medical record.


Patient protection: the product of timely and accurate completion and preparation of medical records.


Privacy protection of medical records.

Privacy protection of medical records.


Influencing legislation through lobbying.


The medical record in today's world.

The medical record in today's world.


Professional patients: they seldom even say goodbye.


Quality assurance: documentation.

Quality assurance: documentation.


Documenting death and dying.

Documenting death and dying.


Avoiding the rip-off.

Avoiding the rip-off.


White-collar crime: a disease that even our health care system may have problemscuring.


Employee pilferage: a costly trend for hospitals.


Prospecting--for gold: knowing where the money is and how to get it.


The big business of silver theft.

The big business of silver theft.


In the maze of philanthropy, P.R. and development make good traveling companions.


Prescription mania.

Prescription mania.


The facts and the myths about planned giving.


Why development for hospitals?

Why development for hospitals?


Forecast for development: sunny and warm.


Sizing up your hospital's financial performance.


National Association for Hospital Development: NAHD answers need for development professionalism.


Discharge planning.

Discharge planning.


Legal aspects of risk management.

Legal aspects of risk management.


When corporate executives serve as hospital trustees.


A prescription for ailing rural hospitals.


Sound View sets the stage for dance and drama therapy.


A song in their hearts--music therapy combines fun, rehabilitation with good results.


Volunteer/staff relations:  what goes wrong and what can we do about it?


The making of an HMO city...a case study on the development of HMOs in Detroit.


Henry Ford Hospital clinics manage physician-referred chronic disease patients.


Community programs expand assault on hypertension.


Intraorganizational conflict in the hospital purchasing decision making process.


A path-analytic study of the consequences of role conflict and ambiguity.


Nursing subunit technology: a replication. Overton, Schneck, and Hazlett's (1977) measurement of nursing subunit technology was replicated using 157 subunits of 9 types located in 24 hospitals in Alberta. A 21-item questionnaire was given to nurses, and the answers were subjected to factor analyses. Results indicated three dimensions of technology: instability, uncertainty, and variability. Because of the similarity of these variables to those in the Overton, Schneck, and Hazlett study, the results suggested a high degree of construct validity for the measure. The technological dimensions also differentiated among the types of subunits in the same pattern as in the original study. A relatively quick method of obtaining measures of instability, uncertainty, and variability by using composite scores was tested and found reliable.


Environment, strategy, and power within top management teams. This study distinguishes two sources of critical contingencies for organizations: environment and strategy. In turn, it explores how coping with each type of contingency is related to power within top management teams. Executives had high power if, by virtue either of their functional area of scanning behavior, they coped with the dominant requirement imposed by their industry's environment. Power patterns within each industry were further affected by the extent to which executives coped with the contingencies posed by their organizations' particular strategies. A temporal critical contingencies model of power is proposed.


The 1981 AIA honor awards: residence hotel made into housing for the elderly.


Treatment and rehabilitation.

Treatment and rehabilitation.


The 1981 AIA honor awards: community and identity in a retirement housing complex.


Fiscal and human resources.

Fiscal and human resources.


Hospitals in upheaval.

Hospitals in upheaval.


Alcohol education for nurses.

Alcohol education for nurses.


Establishing civil service job classifications for creative arts therapists in New York State.


Art therapy with a terminally ill patient.


Caring is what counts: in pursuit of excellence.


Coping with change.

Coping with change.


Investor-owned hospital chains are flourishing.


Hospitals vs. physicians: will they ever see eye to eye?


How industry is curbing health care costs.


This old laundry: the rebirth of a laundry.


The need for & requirements of patient education centres in hospitals.


The regionalisation of health services: objectives, models and recent NSW experience.


The hospital medical record.

The hospital medical record.


Myths in health administration.

Myths in health administration.


A data-oriented approach to controlling health care costs.


Claiming our responsibility in a changing society.


The effects of the Reach to Recovery Program on the quality of life and rehabilitation of mastectomy patients.


Good news for new doctors: plenty of practice openings still available.


Positive thinking creates unique Baptist-Catholic hospital sharing plan.


Responsible ministry in a changing society.


Best career opener: a professional resume' that sells.


Left right, left right, forward march.

Left right, left right, forward march.


Informing the public about surgery.

Informing the public about surgery.


APHA-College of Chaplains publish guidelines for evaluating pastoral services.


What to expect from the plaintiff's lawyer.


A wholeness program for congregate living--a model for caring.


The federal focus on competition in health care.


Legal aspects of patient confidentiality.


Hospital predicts captive profits.

Hospital predicts captive profits.


Estimating risk in human research.

Estimating risk in human research.


Why are medical expenses so high?

Why are medical expenses so high?


Double indemnity: the poverty of affirmative action.


Transfer agreements for survival.

Transfer agreements for survival.


Nursing homes--another look.

Nursing homes--another look.


Home grown marketing.

Home grown marketing.


Oakville's approach to health care.

Oakville's approach to health care.


Scanning the 'CAT' scene.

Scanning the 'CAT' scene.


Quality care: a fact of life.

Quality care: a fact of life.


7 in 1--the manor approach to aging.

7 in 1--the manor approach to aging.


EMS insurance in central Missouri: a myth debunked.


Task analysis: road maps to skill performance.


Statistical analysis of emergency ambulance service in a suburban community.


Must EMTs risk their lives?

Must EMTs risk their lives?


Link health promotion, safety for maximum impact, doctor advises.


Corporate medical experts describe employee stress-reduction programs.


Giving grows 10% as religious causes lead way.


Annual funds allow for expression of gratitude.


Psychotherapy in a community mental health facility: a practical and inexpensive approach to outcome assessment. The paper demonstrates how one community mental health facility has engaged in outcome evaluation on a very limited budget. The evaluation model employs quasi-experimental research methodology. Clerical workers were trained to collect the data. Statistical analyses suggested that the treatment was beneficial, a finding further supported by a high level of client satisfaction. A group personality profile of clients seeking treatment from an outpatient center is presented, and the results of the study are discussed in relation to the psychotherapy research literature. The article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which the results of the study were utilized.


Long range planning: its role in marketing strategy.


Health care providers' attitudes toward nutrition. A survey questionnaire, assessing general attitudes toward the importance of nutrition in the prevention of disease and the maintenance of good health, was administered to physicians, nurses, dentists, and technicians at five U.S. Army medical centers. The various groups of health care specialists differed significantly on many items concerning the importance of good nutrition and eating habits for maintenance of good health and for recovery from illness, as well as on items concerning the importance of nutrition knowledge and training in their health care professions. More agreement was found among the groups on items concerned with the relationship between disease states and dietary factors and the effectiveness of health education programs in the prevention of various diseases. Self-reports of personal health habits did not correlate with scores on survey items concerned with the importance of good nutrition, suggesting that personal attitudes toward nutrition may be unrelated to other health practices.


Evaluating reasons for nursing turnover: comparison of exit interview and panel data. Data from a study of nursing turnover are used to compare findings based on two techniques for evaluating the reasons for resignations within the same population of hospital nurses during one year. The techniques are: (1) exit interviews, in which resigning nurses were asked to report in an open-ended format their major reasons for leaving their jobs; and (2) a prospective panel study, in which nurses who resigned are compared with nurses who remained, and actual turnover is predicted. Results show that due to the absence of a comparison group of remaining nurses and of baseline data, causal inferences based on exit interview data alone are overly simplistic and misleading for management purposes. Results of the panel study are more informative, although implications for hospital management are more complex. Use of the prospective panel design is recommended for hospitals concerned with evaluating nursing job conditions during a period of high turnover and staff nurse shortages.


The NLRB and supervisory status: an explanation of inconsistent results.


Role of the ward sister.

Role of the ward sister.


Accommodation for the elderly--people: patients or residents.


Catering: controlling costs.

Catering: controlling costs.


Patient services: clinical manager at large.


Public relations: paving the way for change.


Private care: filling a void.

Private care: filling a void.


Patient services: getting feedback.

Patient services: getting feedback.


Press relations: handling bad news.

Press relations: handling bad news.


Health care in Quebec: in the hands of the community.


Recover silver and save $.

Recover silver and save $.


First annual salary and fringe survey.

First annual salary and fringe survey.


Innovative QA program improves care and decreases cost.


Labs warned of contamination from automated equipment.


Employee health needs IC for illness identification.


When is a dollar not a dollar?

When is a dollar not a dollar?


QA program audits nurses at community hospital.


Outpatient hospice program decreases cost, maintains quality.


Problems and solutions spotted in medical records evaluation.


Maternity day-care incentive program produces savings for hospital, BC/BS.


Strategies to achieve change in QA/RM programs identified.


Santa Rosa Medical Center, San Antonio, TX. Care corps alleviates medical center's nurse shortage.


Marymount Hospital, Garfield Heights, OH. Worry clinic teaches effective coping methods.


Physicians responsible for effective communications.


Holy Cross Hospital, Salt Lake City, Ut. In-house documentor ensures efficient case cart system.


Franciscan Sisters of St. Paul, MN. Corporate management sponsorship renews commitment, assures survival.


Improving health care productivity: a different approach.


Georgia Hospital Association intervenes with Public Service Commission against implementation of measured service.


Coordinating affiliated programs in a hospital setting.


Narrow ruling on blanket antitrust exemption substantially preserves health planning status quo.


Medical rationalization, cultural lag, and the malpractice crisis. The theses of this paper are that (1) the practice of medicine has become more formally rationalized in the past century; (2) this rationalization process has been retarded by the professional aspects of medical practice, e.g., the service ethic and the medical profession's exclusive jurisdiction over medicine; (3) this retardation is evident in cultural lag between the development of medical knowledge and how medicine is practiced; and (4) the "malpractice crisis" is a particular force which is accelerating the rationalization process and is overcoming lag. Data from physician surveys and interviews are presented which show the utility of a rationalization-cultural lag model in generating a number of substantive questions pertinent to the quality of rationalized medical care.


Pooled equipment financing: an attractive alternative.


AICPA's final SOP on reporting practices concerning hospital-related organizations improves on earlier drafts.


Hospital-based management development program succeeds.


Short-term construction financing options: savings may not justify risks.


AHA alert gives preliminary analysis of FCC's deregulation of telephones--a major impact on hospitals' telephone costs, equipment, and contracts.


The human element in organizational effectiveness.


Sexual harassment in employment.

Sexual harassment in employment.


The word processor--a transcription quality assurance mechanism.


The competitive prescription for health cost inflation.


An efficient labeling system speeds drugs to the clinic.


The workshop: a strategy for adult education.


A proposed method for analyzing employee benefit preferences: conjoint measurement.


The competitive prescription for health care: survival of the fittest?


Streamlining the incomplete record process.


A warning regarding 'Power of Attorney'.


Hospital information systems: providing the right data to the right person at the right time.


Minis, micros and software groups: shared data processing--a new approach.


Quality assurance program: a method to improve software management.


Capital management: estimating the return on equity capital.


Medical records in Barbados.

Medical records in Barbados.


Tax-exempt revenue bonds--first quarter: little relief from record-high rates.


Can we handle competition?

Can we handle competition?


A survey and evaluation of the availability and use of drug information resources of West Virginia hospital pharmacies.


Availability and use of pharmacy and medical journals by hospital pharmacists in West Virginia.


Hospital bonds a likely target: will hospital financing survive Congressional scrutiny?


Competition is no panacea.

Competition is no panacea.


Payment patterns: formula used to calculate days in accounts receivable.


Laboratory safety practices reduce hospital biohazards.


Drug information requests received by pharmacy students during clinical rotations: analysis and reference recommendations.


Difficult transition ahead: capital formation under the Reagan administration.


Antitrust cases increase: health planning activities test Sherman Act.


UHDDS: principal diagnosis.

UHDDS: principal diagnosis.


Return on equity is justifiable!

Return on equity is justifiable!


Payment patterns: another record--unfortunately!


Is it corporate restructuring or management awakening?


Audit committees: a new concept of responsibility in health care.


Presorting mail cuts first-class postage.


Physician group practice: long-term care financial management and patient care.


Foodborne illnesses: focus on safety.

Foodborne illnesses: focus on safety.


An efficient form of federal assistance: the case for hospital tax-exempt bonds.


Curb OB/GYN risk with experts' preventive techniques.


Apply epidemiology to RM/QA.

Apply epidemiology to RM/QA.


The delivery of mental health services in community disasters: an outline of research findings.


Mental health center versus community perceptions of mental health services. A list of 53 mental health programs and services was presented to community samples of county commissioners and mental health board members, mental health program administrators, mental health clinicians, mental health clerical staff, clients, general public, staff of agencies related to mental health, and staff of community agencies not so related with a request to (a) indicate which programs and services were being offered by the mental health agencies of the catchment area, (b) indicate the relative importance of each offered service, and (c) indicate the relative importance for future program development of those not currently offered. Accuracy of program identification is noted and intergroup perceptions of mental health programs and services are compared.


Changing models of community mental health services. The various comprehensive community mental health centers developed at the same time as the free clinics intended to provide an alternative form of service. The origins and contributions of each of these directions of service are compared on such matters as funding, political orientation, relation to local government, the composition and functions of their boards, and their models of service delivery. The case is made that the two forms have shown a degree of convergence that shapes the present reality of what is or is not a legitimate part of mental health services.


Play therapy: alleviating fear of the hospital.


Partial hospitalization: an overview.

Partial hospitalization: an overview. Partial hospitalization is the generic term for a broad and amorphous treatment modality. This paper describes and delineates the spectrum of partial hospitalization services and programs, presents a brief history of the theoretical and practical development of partial hospitalization programming, and reviews the literature on partial hospitalization with respect to its efficacy, cost, and future trends.


Community relations: getting to know you.


Rate your APE (activity-producing environment).


Rational dental care in the long term care facility.


It is time for a change.

It is time for a change.


Capital management: accounting return on equity in the nonprofit hospital.


Competition and marketing: wave of the future in health care.


Accommodating an employee's religious beliefs: what does the law require?


Autonomy for successful survival.

Autonomy for successful survival.


How to hire the right person for the job.


How to prepare for an IRS audit.

How to prepare for an IRS audit.


Evaluation of your staff's training programs.


DRG--a patients accounts perspective.

DRG--a patients accounts perspective.


Medical information authorization.

Medical information authorization.


It's time we put surgeons on straight salary.


Health planners are killing their own agencies.


NHI may be dying but what about state health insurance?


Will deregulation help doctors? Don't bet on it.


Manmade internal organs: behind the media hype there's remarkable progress.


Behind Soviet medicine's startling decline.


Medical records: patients winning more access--and some control.


Absenteeism.

Absenteeism.


A guide to developing a policies and procedures manual.


Health care delivery in the big apple.

Health care delivery in the big apple.


Selecting employees: how to make a gamble a better bet.


Flint takes care of its elderly.

Flint takes care of its elderly.


The emerging role of the community hospital.


New primary care system.

New primary care system.


HMO update: the Detroit experience.

HMO update: the Detroit experience.


HFH reaches out to urban neighbors.

HFH reaches out to urban neighbors.


Urban public health.

Urban public health.


Contract management: Supreme Court tax ruling impedes forming of hospital shared services.


Chiropractors and podiatrists can be held to physicians' standards.


Trustees leading redevelopment of both hospital and its neighborhood.


Reimbursement changes will set off restructuring scramble.


Hospitals may sour on competition, find that regulation keeps them afloat.


Hatch softens stance on pro-competition bill, plans summer meetings.


Reagan administration reviews HIMA 'hit list' of inflationary regulations.


Future of product-by-product sales on trial in AHSC antitrust lawsuit.


Use of information systems gives physicians incentive to join hospital.


Hospitals rush debt, equity markets.

Hospitals rush debt, equity markets.


Hospital profits by marketing to community needs.


Contract management survey: department management rose 12.7% during 1980.


Contract management: investor-owned threat accelerates CHA plan.


Contract management: VHA systems aim to add 100 units.


Contract management: buying execs fear Service Master.


Contract management: facilities managers' roles change as hospitals aim for more control.


Contract management: hospitals need comparative data to keep ahead of new regulations.


Home care market: exercising options in the fitness market.


HIMA answers Bush call for regulatory relief targets.


A strong vote against cancer coverage.

A strong vote against cancer coverage.


Supervisory and managerial training through communication by objectives. Our dissatisfaction with classroom learning as an organization's only training vehicle, combined with our determination to conduct training which produces changes in employees' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, led us to develop the communication by objectives approach to individualized instruction. Although this process requires the investment of a considerable amount of time by the trainer and, to a lesser degree, the participants' immediate superiors, we have found that the process is unequalled in the changes which it brings about. Properly instituted, it is the most effective training procedure of which we are aware.


The impact of a selected provision in the federal guidelines on job analysis and training.


These requirements will improve the quality of health care.


Is preventive medicine really possible?

Is preventive medicine really possible?


Health planners fight federal support phaseout.


U.S. hospitals: corporate concentration vs. local community control.


Lasers bring new frontiers to outpatient plastic surgery.


Found: the key to excellent performance.


Managing dissatisfaction.

Managing dissatisfaction.


Experienced manager shares tips on outpatient facility design.


Therapeutic stations and the chronically treated mentally ill. Readmissions to mental hospitals are often cited as evidence of the failure of the contemporary mental health system. This essay proposes a different interpretation of readmission. Building on fieldwork and participant observation methods, the authors argue that the "veteran" patient is less a victim of poor psychiatric care and misdirected reform than he is a citizen with few personal resources, using public services to cope with the exigencies of life. Lacking family, job, and income, the ex-patient incorporates the hospital and other "therapeutic stations" into a resource pool upon which he or she can call when the need arises. The essay also discusses the implications of these findings for assessments of the community mental health movement.


Location of community-based treatment centers. Neighborhood opposition to community-based treatment centers (CBTCs) has prompted fears that these centers will become concentrated in inner city, "transitional neighborhoods." These neighborhoods are thought to lack the willingness and/or resources to oppose CBTCs. This paper examines the distribution of CBTCs in a northern metropolitan county. The findings suggests that the fears of "ghettoization" may be real only for certain types of centers. Most centers were located in higher-status city and suburban neighborhoods. However, these centers were physically or visually isolated from the surrounding housing, making them less likely to attract attention and therefore less likely to arouse neighborhood opposition.


The games people play--the future of hospital purchasing in post-industrial society.


Which pay delivery system is best for your organization?


Human service reorganization and its effects: a preliminary assessment of Florida's services integration 'experiment.'. The present discussion reports on some of the first statewide data gathering and analysis to assess the consequences of the 1975 reorganization of the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. Two major concepts guiding the reorganization were: (1) integration of services in order to cover more adequately the needs of clients, including "multi-problem" clients, and (2) decentralization of administrative authority of all programs under a single, district-wide management structure. Despite widespread interest in the Florida system, and two previous studies, no systematic, detailed study of the impact of reorganization at the service delivery level has been conducted until now. The results of this study indicate that departmental employees perceive substantial decentralization of authority and progress toward integration of services since the 1975 reorganization. Perceived improvement in client services is also indicated. Major factors cited as influential in the change are the move toward collocation of services, the establishment of administratively interlinked service networks, and to a lesser extent, the development of generalist managers.


Reagan's impact on the healthcare industry: Part  III--the industry impact.


Healthcare in the eighties: distributors and multi-hospital systems.


The Frost and Sullivan Report: the medical and shared contract services market.


CAT fever: a questionable prognosis.

CAT fever: a questionable prognosis.


Performance appraisal: if only people were not involved. While performance appraisal systems which emphasize work objectives and behavioral rating scales hold considerable promise for improving the evaluation process, an incomplete understanding of the human dynamics underlying the appraisal process blunts their attraction. For a technically sound appraisal system to work, four behavioral elements are necessary: trust, acceptance of the appraisal function by those who must do the evaluation, sensitivity to the inner world of performance evaluation, and training designs which recognize the human dynamics of appraisal.


Forging an alliance between hospitals and business.


Trusteeship: the view after the first year.


Should your hospital affiliate with an HMO? Affiliation with a health maintenance organization (HMO) can offer significant advantages for a hospital, including new sources of patients and revenue. When considering HMO affiliation, the board and the administration should consider such issues as the compatibility of the affiliation with the hospital's mission and programs, the effect of the affiliation on the hospital's relationships with other parties, the implications of negotiating a contractual relationship with a payer, and the degree to which the hospital wishes to accommodate the HMO.


Teleconference networks in hospitals also viable for nursing home use.


Tax-exempt bonds may help nursing home supply buying.


Chorus of complaints on veterans' medical care.


When disaster strikes, volunteers are mobilized.


Physical therapist shortage creating boom in physical therapy contracting.


These volunteers serve more than food.

These volunteers serve more than food.


Working with transitional volunteers.

Working with transitional volunteers.


Newsletter improvement via quantitative communications goals.


OVCPs serve as advocates of voluntarism.


Future organisation of medical research facilities.


The need for research laboratories in university hospitals.


Basic problems of medical and health research: a social science perspective.


Laboratories for medical research.

Laboratories for medical research.


Standardisation and rationalisation of scientific research buildings and laboratory facilities.


Cost of health research facilities in Canada.


Life cycle use of medical research buildings.


The new laboratory building, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.


The Japan bioassay laboratory.

The Japan bioassay laboratory.


Planning and building pharmaceutical research facilities.


Medical research facilities in France.

Medical research facilities in France.


How shall we control animal room temperatures?


Planning, building and organisation of medical research facilities: the situation in Nigeria.


Planning, building and organisation of medical research facilities: three developments in Israel.


The programming of medical research facilities.


Planning, building and organization of medical research facilities: medical aspects.


Standardisation and rationalisation of research buildings and laboratories.


Medical research institutions in the perspective of WHO's health development policies.


Animal research centre, University of Vienna, Allgemeines Krankenhaus.


Physicians worry about effects of closing PHS hospitals.


Linen management: Part 1.

Linen management: Part 1.


Us vs. them: don't lose your clout now!

Us vs. them: don't lose your clout now!


New England plant becomes energy conscious.


Fine tuning a laundry.

Fine tuning a laundry.


How to make a better decision.

How to make a better decision.


The neglected art of interviewing.

The neglected art of interviewing.


What can managers learn from leadership theories?


Medicine to go: clinics for impatient patients.


Protection of human subjects; prisoners used as subjects in research; stay of effective date--Food and Drug Administration. Final rule; stay of effective date. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is staying the effective date of its regulations establishing conditions under which biomedical research o prisoners will be accepted in satisfaction of FDA's regulatory requirements. All provisions of Subpart C of Part 50 of the final regulations are stayed pending reproposal of the subpart, including 50.44 (21 CFR 50.44). The stay will remain in effect until final action taken on the reproposal in effective.


Income tax; definition of a private foundation--Internal Revenue Service. Final regulations. This document contains final regulations relating to the definition of a private foundation. Changes to the applicable tax law were made by Pub. L. 94-81, enacted August 9, 1975. The regulations affect certain tax-exempt organizations seeking to qualify as other than private foundations which acquire unrelated trades or businesses after June 30, 1975. The regulations provide such organizations with guidance necessary to determine whether they qualify as other than private foundations.


Minimum guidelines and requirements for accessible design--Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. Proposed rule. The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board proposes to rescind the minimum guidelines and requirements for standards for accessibility and usability of federal and federally-funded buildings and facilities by physically handicapped persons, adopted on January 6, 1981. The Board seeks public comments on which parts of the January 6 rule should be retained, which parts should be deleted, and which should be modified to formulate alternative ways for the Board to carry out its responsibility to establish such guidelines and requirements.


Obligated service for mental health traineeships; interim rule--Public Health Service. Interim rule with request for comments. This rule adds a new Part 64a to Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations which: (1) governs the length and type of service payback required of individuals who have received clinical traineeships in psychology, psychiatry, social work, or nursing section 303 of the Public Health Service Act. as amended by section 803 of the Mental Health Systems Act; and (2) in connection with this payback obligation, imposes certain notice and other requirements upon institutions receiving training grants under section 303 of the Public Health Service Act.


The foundation fad: good or bad?

The foundation fad: good or bad?


Popularity of word processing spreads from medical records to other units.


Marketing nonprofits.

Marketing nonprofits.


Limiting losses on linens.

Limiting losses on linens.


Building a rural "dream system.".

Building a rural "dream system.".


Strengths, uses and problems of global scales as an evaluation instrument.


Corporate retirement plans.

Corporate retirement plans.


A survey of mental health district structure and effectiveness.


Telephone machines answer for you.

Telephone machines answer for you.


Death and dying in the emergency setting.


Florida's telecommunicator project.

Florida's telecommunicator project.


Recruiting another physician.

Recruiting another physician.


Business coalition on health costs.

Business coalition on health costs.


Future of physician recruiting.

Future of physician recruiting. Group practices need to be wary of assuming that the anticipated surplus of physicians will make recruiting any easier. Problems previously associated with candidate identification will give way to how to best manage the screening, interviewing and evaluation of prospective candidates. Furthermore, increasing numbers of physicians competing for patients in the medical care marketplace will pose a direct threat to established groups. This is already occurring in many areas of the country. A recent example of this is occurring with an 85-person multispecialty group in a city of 120,000 with a service of 220,000. A nearby town of 50,000 with a 200-bed hospital is actively recruiting its own physicians. The result will be a steadily eroding referral base for the large multispecialty group over the next five years.


The "common system" approach to EMS communications.


Psychological variables and EMS--a systems approach.


Freedom and choice in constitutional law. The constitutional rights of children, the mentally ill, and other legally incompetent persons have been the subject of much litigation in the past twenty years. In this Article, Professor Garvey develops a general theory to explain the different ways in which persons of diminished capacity can be said to enjoy constitutional protections. He first notes that, of the various constitutional provisions, only one kind - freedom, which protect the right to make choices - pose serious difficulties when applied to persons of diminished capacity. He then proposes a hierarchy of ways in which we can attribute freedoms to such persons: the laissez-faire notion that all persons (including incompetents) are to be treated identically, the instrumental idea that granting freedoms to incompetents achieves extrinsic goals such as training, and the surrogate notion that persons who cannot make choices for themselves should be able to have those closest to them choose on their behalf. Professor Garvey concludes that, when these options fail and the state takes an incompetent person under its control, the state owes to the incompetent the full package of duties owed by other guardians to those under their control, including treatment in the case of the mentally ill or education in the case of children.


United States students in foreign medical schools.


Extending the healthcare mission: hospital-based wellness centers.


Why government works dumb.

Why government works dumb.


Rethinking regulation: negotiation as an alternative to traditional rulemaking.


A mirror of objectivity: one hospital's market survey.


Advanced life support for North Central Pennsylvania.


Predicting employee turnover.

Predicting employee turnover.


Questions of cost in auditor's report.

Questions of cost in auditor's report.


NHS finance: fund raising by health authorities.


Dentist in the house.

Dentist in the house.


NHS priorities: what the public wants.

NHS priorities: what the public wants.


Management psychology: towards working together.


Hospital development: controlling capital costs.


Clinic attendance patterns.

Clinic attendance patterns.


Residential accommodation: the cost of bed and board.


Private health care: first in a line of new hospitals.


Ward furniture: less strain by design.

Ward furniture: less strain by design.


Nurse management: from blueprint to reality.


Hospital management: all ship shape.

Hospital management: all ship shape.


Beds made to sleep on.

Beds made to sleep on.


Performance measurement: first and last step in innovation.


Random warehousing: a simple answer to complicated storage problems.


The Idaho statewide EMS communications center.


Key indicators for hospital materiel management.


Step by step through a union campaign.

Step by step through a union campaign. At the first sign of union organizing, company management often decides to do "whatever is necessary to defeat the union," as one corporate vice president put it. Without advance thought or preparation, the company launches a policy of resistance and often winds up before the National Labor Relations Board charged with unfair labor practices. Sometimes the company even finds itself burdened with multimillion dollar lawsuits. Its hasty decisions to deal with the short run become strategic errors in the long run. But responding to a union campaign need not end up this way. Being prepared for each stage of the process of campaigning and negotiating, argues the author of this article, is the best way for both labor and management to avoid serious mistakes and to present employees with the information they need to cast an informed vote.


Designs for functional work stations in central processing departments.


Pharmacy purchases can be systematized.

Pharmacy purchases can be systematized.


Competitive bidding: an effective purchasing tool.


A closer look at equipment leasing.

A closer look at equipment leasing.


Interdisciplinary collaboration on advanced materiel systems.


Silver recovery: a new source of revenue.


A simplified patient supply charge system.


The marketing of obstetrics.

The marketing of obstetrics.


Health facilities' conversion: innovative community planning to reduce excess bed capacity.


Evaluative research and health policy: utility, issues, and trends.


Qualitative and quantitative information in health policy decision making.


Does good health services research produce good health policy?


Translating evaluation research findings into health policy.


Mental health service policy and program evaluation: living in sin?


Rate setting--how to maximize cash flow: tips from an expert.


Hospital corporate reorganizations: adapting to regulations and the marketplace.


Staffing the admissions testing laboratory.


A tool for predicting the future: good forecasting builds good budgets.


A human resources development program for the small and rural hospital.


The how's and why's of preparing renovation specifications.


Infection control in the operating room: separating fact from fantasy.


Hospital capital formation: why more difficulty ahead?


Coping with changes--patient accounts manager: skilled director of cash flow.


Healthcare survey: the chief fiscal officer--a national profile.


Implementation of a materials system in a new hospital.


Re-positioning the mal-positioned employee.


Steps to adoption: does your institution need a conflict of interest policy?


Hospital fire protection: using the unit concept.


The human relations imperative.

The human relations imperative.


Searching for revenue to survive and grow.


Being an effective manager.

Being an effective manager.


Budgeting a community hospital library.

Budgeting a community hospital library.


Nurse practitioners in the emergency department: a case study of the Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C.


Organizational linkages: management issues and implications.


Preparing hospital department heads for financial uncertainties ahead.


An external dependence perspective of organizational strategy and structure: the community hospital case.


Where is hospital planning headed?

Where is hospital planning headed?


Training pharmacists for pediatric I.V. medication administration. As the result of a shortage of nursing personnel, satellite pharmacists at University Hospital have assumed the responsibility of administering intravenous medications on selected pediatric nursing units. This article describes a program developed to train pediatric pharmacists to administer intravenous (I.V.) medications and provide decentralized clinical services. The Department of Pharmacy Services and Nursing Staff Development cooperated in defining the duties and responsibilities of I.V. medication pharmacists and developing the training program. Each pharmacist is required to successfully complete two weeks of classroom instruction and four weeks of clinical training conducted on pediatric nursing units. Comprehensive checklists were designed to document all training efforts. The program of I.V. medication administration by satellite pharmacists has been well received by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. The Department of Pharmacy Services feels that the I.V. medication administration training program played an instrumental role in insuring the success of its pediatric service.


A survey of selective administration procedures in formulary maintenance. The survey attempts to examine various Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P & T) Committees' activities for indications of a rational and objective approach to drugs and the hospital formulary. The objectives were: 1) to gain insight as to how drug products attain formulary listing by examining select P & T Committee's reasons for adding and deleting drugs; 2) to determine whether P & T Committees are attempting to follow generally accepted guidelines for the operation of the formulary system; and 3) to determine how the hospital pharmacist is responding to the rational and/or irrational drug selection by the P & T Committee. The results showed that the hospitals studied appeared to be acting in agreement with the guidelines presented. Definitive statements concerning the activities of the pharmacist and the rational approach of the P & T Committee to the hospital formulary could not be made. The author recommends that P & T Committees begin documenting the methods they utilize to promote and maintain the formulary system in hospitals. This information should be used as an educational tool by the P & T Committee.


New Zealand in a nutshell.

New Zealand in a nutshell.


The whistle blows: how goes EMS in America?


Achieving the promise of clinical engineering. Clinical engineering has failed to make the impact expected of it in the early 1970's. This failure has occurred because clinical engineering has not matured as any discipline must to achieve professional status. It does not embody a clearly understood set of capabilities. It is not based on a well-defined body of knowledge. It does not have a professional society directly representing it. This condition can be remedied by the establishment of a professional society for clinical engineering that can educate consumers about the capabilities of clinical engineers, guide providers in designing clinical engineering curricula, and promote increased involvement of clinical engineers in all high-technology areas of hospitals and in the decision-making process at their institutions.


The case for a smoother ride: a cinematographer develops an air suspension system for ambulances.


A low-cost environmental control system for quadriplegics. This paper describes a low-cost environmental control system for quadriplegics. With a single custom designed input switch, a disabled patient can turn up to three electrical devices on or off. The design could easily be extended to handle additional devices. The system can be constructed in one day for approximately $40.00 in parts cost, plus the cost of labor.


Assessing the quality of care in skilled nursing homes.


Quality of care in nursing homes: the new Wisconsin evaluation system.


Values of long-term care facility administrators. This study compares values of long-term care (LTC) facility administrators to those of a national sample, representative of the general population. Values were measured using the Rokeach Value Survey, and some striking differences were found between administrators and the general population. These differences indicate a dichotomy in the values of LTC administrators; individuals with markedly different value orientations may make the same occupational choice to become a long-term care facility administrator.


Monitoring departmental performance in the long-term care facility.


Energy conservation in large hospitals & medical centers. Energy conservation programs can save money for medical centers. The necessary engineering capability to evaluate these methods can be provided by Clinical Engineering staffs since the analytical ability of the Clinical Engineer is directly transferable to energy conservation programs. Several conservation methods are applicable to hospitals and deserve consideration. Cogeneration can provide significant energy conservation without any sacrifice in comfort. Solar energy is well suited to hospitals and can provide good publicity as well as energy savings. Finally, better electronic and pneumatic controls for heating, air conditioning and ventilation can provide large energy savings at moderate cost.


Design of a burn treatment unit.

Design of a burn treatment unit. While operating a temporary, four-bed burn treatment unit, the State University Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center took on the challenge of building a modern Burn Treatment Center to serve a fifteen county area of upstate New York. A primary consideration in the design of the unit was infection control. Since "cost containment" is a phase on all of our minds these days, costs were carefully considered by our planning groups during the design stages. At the same time, we knew that we could ill afford to "cut any corners" that might ultimately endanger the well being of burn victims entrusted to our care. The design and construction of the Central New York Regional Burn Treatment Center took over two years. A number of more elaborate systems were not incorporated in the unit; but, operation of the unit has shown that the trade-offs that we did make, in order to keep the overall cost as low as possible, have not adversely affected our patients or patient care.


Achievement of desired effects among nursing homes.


Application of organization development interventions in mental health.


Computer assisted transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. A computerized system for acquisition of data from a transcutaneous PO2 (PtcO2) monitor is presented. A North Star Computer, Inc., "Horizon" microcomputer was used in this system. The PtcO2 monitor was a Radiometer TCM-1 equipped with an external printer interface. The system had a custom interface module to accept binary-coded decimal data from the PtcO2 monitor. In addition, a 16-channel, 12-bit A/D module, a real-time clock module with interrupt capability, and a high-resolution graphics module were incorporated.