Biochemical studies on chlorpromazine. 2. Effects of chlorpromazine on incorporation into proteins, and breakdown of glycine-1-C14 by isolated rat brain cortex.


The relation between heart rate and vagal stimulation frequency in the rat at different body temperatures.


The preparation of lecithin from L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine.


The effect of sulphaemoglobin on red cell viability.


Further studies on the relationship of glucagon to the alpha cell of the pancreas.


Certain metabolic effects of corticotropin, hydrocortisone, prednisone, and aspirin, in normal dogs.


Effects of ovarian hormones on the content and distribution of cation in intact and extracted rabbit and cat uterus.


On the incorporation of labelled adenine into the purines of the nucleic acids in the rat.


Effects of varying proportions of dietary rapeseed oil on the rat.


Treatment of hemorrhagic shock in the dog with chlorpromazine and/or hypothermia.


A comparative study of the effects of maleic hydrazide and p-dimethylaminoazobenzene on rat liver.


The chromatographic determination of glutamic, aspartic, and cysteic acids using and anion exchange resin.


Studies on wheat plants using C14 compounds. V. Germination studies with labelled wheat seeds.


Abnormality of estrogen metabolism in human subjects with myocardial infarction.


Influence of vitamin D on calcium resorption and accretion.


The kinetics of amino groups transfer by corn radicle transaminase.


A comparison of methods for the determination of bicarbonate in blood plasma.


A study of blood urea methods.

A study of blood urea methods.


Semi-micro methods in paediatric biochemistry.


On distribution and inheritance of atypical forms of human serum cholinesterase, as indicated by dibucaine numbers.


Poikilocytosis.

Poikilocytosis.


Hereditary spherocytosis.

Hereditary spherocytosis.


A review of microtome knife sharpening methods.


Vaccination and the decline in paralytic poliomyelitis.


The quest for satisfactory nursing.

The quest for satisfactory nursing.


The control of costs in a prepaid medical care plan.


Evaluation of dental caries preventive measures applicable at the community level.


Accident prevention; our business.

Accident prevention; our business.


Some problems in industrial morbidity statistics.


The use of the Jamieson Test Kit in restaurant inspection.


Maintenance therapy of pernicious anaemia with oral administration of intrinsic factor and vitamin B12.


Hysterosalpingography.

Hysterosalpingography.


Control of ethyl biscoumacetate (tromexan) therapy by standardized clotting time of whole blood.


Amputations in frostbite.

Amputations in frostbite.


Simultaneous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri.


Perphenazine (trilafon) treatment of psychoses.


A case of subclinical erythroblastosis due to anti-duffy (anti-Fya).


Foreign body in the right main bronchus for 1 1/2 years.


Thrombocytopenic purpura due to an oral diuretic (mictine).


Detection and management of emotional disorders.


Bursting at the seams.

Bursting at the seams.


The relationship of nicotinic acid to thyroid function.


Studies in stillbirths and neonatal deaths in Winnipeg. II. Definitions in perinatal mortality.


Hastening recovery.

Hastening recovery.


The tape recorder as a means of communication.


Frozen sections. I. The effect on surgery.


Open doors.

Open doors.


Nutrition experiment.

Nutrition experiment.


The role of the nurse in rehabilitation.


Inservice education for general staff nurses.


Intestinal obstruction.

Intestinal obstruction.


Psychodynamics of the personality changes in the aged.


Psychiatric and psychological observations in a geriatric clinic.


Courage and vision; report of the Royal Commission on the law relating to mental illness and mental deficiency.


Canadian hip disarticulation prosthesis.


Assessing the use of group methods in rehabilitating the psychiatric patient.


Prosthesis for hemipelvectomy.

Prosthesis for hemipelvectomy.


Psychiatric screening of ground-crew in the Royal Canadian Air Force.


Advances in the medical treatment of uncomplicated peptic ulcer.


The surgical treatment of portal hypertension.


Germicidal soaps or detergents for hospital use.


A survey of leprosy amongst the Lovale tribe in the Upper Zambesi Basin, Northern Rhodesia. II.


A neuropathy in children recovering from malnutrition: (kwashiorkor).


The value of clinical research.

The value of clinical research.


The daily life of a doctor in Kano, Nigeria.


Observations on the National Health Service in Great Britain. II.


A case of ornithosis psittacosis.

A case of ornithosis psittacosis.


[Personal experience with psycho-prophylactic method of labor].


Treatment of the office neurotic.

Treatment of the office neurotic.


Psycho-iconography of the office neurotic.


[Antithyroid action of a hypoglycemic sulfonamide in rats].


[Specificity of the sulfoconjugation of two urinary non-ke to 3 beta-hydroxysteroids in man].


Total gastrectomy and construction of jejunal reservoir in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.


Investigations concerning the pathogenesis of the dumping syndrome; annotation.


Transverse colon as a substitute for the stomach following total gastrectomy for cancer.


The Lewis blood group Lea in adults.

The Lewis blood group Lea in adults.


A statistical analysis of accidents; annotation.


Polyradiculo-myopathia in transient thyrotoxicosis.


Deaths by accident among children in Denmark 1931-1955.


Solar urticaria.

Solar urticaria.


Epidemiological aspects of non-veneral endemic syphilis.


The therapeutic effect of hydrocortisone ointment and coal tar on experimentally produced eczematous reactions.


Experiences in penicillin treatment of endemic syphilis in Serbia.


Chemical aspects on turpentine exzema.

Chemical aspects on turpentine exzema.


[Statistical control of a laboratory method; distribution & frequency of autodeviation of complement in the Bordet-Wassermann reaction].


Fever of unknown origin.

Fever of unknown origin.


Inhibition of melanin formation by human epidermis.


Carcinoma of the esophagus.

Carcinoma of the esophagus.


The administration of trypsin buccally in the treatment of inflammation and edema.


Respiratory alkalosis and associated phenomena.


Diagnosis of viral diseases and evaluation of pulmonary function.


The diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the cervix in situ.


Review of some factors which influence the quantity of radiation reaching the gonadal areas during dermatologic x-ray therapy.


[Publication of patient data as a problem of medical professional ethics].


A disposable unitized plastic sheet oxygenator for open heart surgery.


Prolonged blood levels with sustained action PAS.


Experiences with the therapy of sixty cases of deep mycotic infections.


Glycogen storage disease of the myocardium.


Extraperiosteal polystan plombage: three to five years' follow-up.


Experimental alteration of pulmonary functions.


The role of positive auricular biopsy in mitral stenosis.


Chronic disseminated tuberculosis.

Chronic disseminated tuberculosis.


A new method for antibiotic sensitivity testing of bronchial flora.


Allergic reactions to dipasic.

Allergic reactions to dipasic.


Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis associated with the inhalation of snuff in Thailand.


A case-study of perforations of tuberculous lymph nodes into bronchi and their sequelae.


Medicine; an instrument of social policy.


Construction, irrigation and malaria.

Construction, irrigation and malaria.


The epidemiology of tick-typhus in Nairobi.


Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus.

Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus.


A note on house fly resistance to residual insecticides.


Arnold Chiari syndrome associated with placenta praevia.


OBITUARY; Arthur John Jex-Blake; sometime editor of this journal.


Cortical D. C. changes incident to midline thalamic stimulation.


Differential electroencephalographic response to conditioned auditory stimuli in arousal from sleep.


Electrographic activity of the mesencephalic reticular formation during conditioning in the cat.


Cortical and subcortical electrograms in anesthesia and anoxia in man.


Correlation of rhinencephalic electrograms with behavior; a study on humans under the influence of LSD and mescaline.


The electroencephalogram and mental activity.


EEG frequency-pattern variation and intelligence; a correlational study.


The effect of chlorpromazine and reserpine on sedation and convulsive thresholds in schizophrenic patients.


Cyclic variations in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility, and dreaming.


Some observations on lambda waves and peripheral stimulation.


Electroencephalography in a case of cerebral vascular malformation; report of a case.


A case of pykno-epilepsy associated with unusual ictal EEG record.


The use of noludar in pediatric electroencephalography.


A note on placidyl as a soporific in EEG.


Scalp EEG's of patients receiving oral benactyzine.


Some preliminary electrophysiological studies on chronic neuronally isolated cerebral cortex.


Variation with electrode size of thresholds for motor responses to cortical stimulation.


The simultaneous photographic recording of several oscilloscope guns.


Time lapse indicator for pen and oscilloscope recording.


Suction cup electrodes.

Suction cup electrodes.


Serum alkaline phosphatase response to the administration of cortisone in rats.


Effects of a bacterial polysaccharide (piromen) on the pituitary-adrenal axis: further aspects of hypophyseal-mediated control of response.


The influence of the pituitary growth hormone on muscle glycogen in adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized-adrenalectomized rats.


Cortisone effect on ovulation in the frog.


The role of the liver in the inactivation of the melanocyte stimulating hormone in the body.


The bioassay of progesterone.

The bioassay of progesterone.


Responses of the domestic fowl to hyper and hypoglycemic agents.


In vitro action of thyroxine analogs on succinate and malate oxidation.


Thyrotrophin potency of transplantable pituitary tumors of mice through four transfers.


The uptake and metabolism of S35 thiourea and thiouracil by the thyroid and other tissues.


Thyroxine excretion, a possible cause of goiter.


A comparison of the carcinogenic effect of internal and external irradiation on the thyroid gland of the male Long-Evans rat.


Effect of growth hormone on growth in hypophysectomized-pancreatectomized rats.


Recovery of human pituitary gonadotropin from dilute urine.


Growth hormone and vitamin D in relation to growth and calcification on a calcium deficient diet.


Progestin in mouse embryos, placentae, and amniotic fluid.


The effect of pituitary transplants on the estrous cycles of hypophysectomized hamsters.


Deep mycoses due to actionomycetes.

Deep mycoses due to actionomycetes.


The history of dermatology in Austria.

The history of dermatology in Austria.


Nucleic acid content and ultraviolet susceptibility of Tetrahymena pyriformis.


Adaptation of yeast to copper. XIV. Qualitative change of ribonucleic acid in yeast cultured in copper medium.


Electron microscopic observations on the cell-free nature of glomerular basement membrane after treatment of isolated renal glomeruli with trichloroacetic acid.


The relation of protoplasmic gelation to oxidative processes.


The growth of single cells. I. Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


Experiments on the fundamental effects of freeze-substitution.


Social behaviour of cells in tissue culture. III. Mutual influence of sarcoma cells and fibroblasts.


An experimental analysis of the development of the spinal column. VI. Aspects of cartilage induction.


A comparison of several deoxyribonucleases of type II.


The localization of phosphorus and the site of calcium binding in the yolk protein of the frog's egg.


Reactions of Stentor coeruleus to certain substances added to the medium.


Content and distribution of ascorbic acid in sea urchin embryos of different developmental trends.


Counting actively metabolizing tissue cultured cells.


Sustained cell culture.

Sustained cell culture.


Heterochromatic regions and nucleolus organizers in chromosomes of the mouse, Mus musculus.


Analysis of the surface structures of the sea urchin egg by means of antibodies. I. Comparative study of the effects of various antisera.


Gastrular blockage of frogs' eggs produced by oxygen at atmospheric pressure.


The nucleus in the accumulation of iron by liver cell suspensions.


The effect of sulfhydryl inhibitors and thiol compounds on pigment aggregation and dispersion in the melanophores of Anolis carolinensis.


Cytological demonstration of sex in fresh unstained preparations under the phase contrast microscope.


The fine structure of native collagen in thin sections.


[Effect of vitamin A on transhydrogenase & reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide cytochrome c reductase].


An efficient technique for preparing the renal glomerulus for electron microscopy.


Sex chromatin in early cat embryos.

Sex chromatin in early cat embryos.


Note on non-chiasma-type association between the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


Quantitative histochemistry by means of radioactive indicators; alkaline phosphatase.


The beta-glucuronidase content of Drosophila embryos.


A newly observed cytoplasmic component, the pentalaminar body.


A correlation between nuclear activity and the growth phase in cultures of protozoan cells.


Utilization of serum proteins by normal and poliovirus infected monkey kidney cells.


The refraction increment of glycogen.

The refraction increment of glycogen.


The determination of the weight of biological structures by electrons.


Fitness concepts in other countries. IV. Medical licensure examinations in Canada.


COURSES of study and examination programmes for medical studies in the University of Helsinki, Finland.


CONSTITUTIONALITY of Texas Naturopathic act.


OSTEOPATHY: injunction to restrain enforcement of revocation order.


MALPRACTICE: degree of proof required.

MALPRACTICE: degree of proof required.


REVOCATION of license for violation of income tax laws.


Determinants of tissue oxygen tension.

Determinants of tissue oxygen tension.


Cellular oxygen requirements.

Cellular oxygen requirements.


Methods for measuring tissue oxygen tension; theory and evaluation: the oxygen electrode.


Gasometric method for measurement of tissue oxygen tension.


Oxygen tension in mammalian brain.

Oxygen tension in mammalian brain.


Oxygen tension of urine and its significance.


Oxygen tension of skin and muscle.

Oxygen tension of skin and muscle.


Symbolic shorthand system for medicine and physiology.


Flow of information on current developments in three scientific disciplines.


Growth of biological literature and the future of Biological Abstracts.


Problems in communicating Russian science.


Coding of a small reprint collection on the central nervous system.


A unique system for rapid access to large volumes of pharmacological data; application to published literature on chlorpromazine.


Problems of classification and coding in the biological sciences.


Heredity and environment in structure of hemoglobin.


Interpretation of electrophoretic, solubility and denaturation data in the study of hemoglobin differences.


Conformational differences of mercapto groups of four hemoglobins.


Minor hemoglobin components of normal human blood.


Column chromatography of human hemoglobins.


Hemoglobinopathies.

Hemoglobinopathies.


Physical and chemical studies on horse globin components.


Properties of and structural investigations on growth hormones isolated from bovine, monkey and human pituitary glands.


Structural basis of ribonuclease activity.


Structure and activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen.


Active site and structure of crystalline papain.


Degradation and structure of tobacco mosaic virus.


Sphingolipides.

Sphingolipides.


Glycolipide chromatography.

Glycolipide chromatography.


Structure of lecithins, inositol phosphatides and acetal phosphatides.


Quantitative partition of acetal phospholipides and of free lipide aldehydes.


Nitrogenous constituents of animal tissue lipides.


Quantitative chromatography of phosphatides.


Cephalin separations.

Cephalin separations.


Biosynthesis of phospholipides.

Biosynthesis of phospholipides.


Biosynthesis of phosphatides in brain and nerve.


Effects of bacterial endotoxins on susceptibility to infection with gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria.


Host responses elicited by polysaccharides of bacterial and mammalian derivation.


Effect of bacterial endotoxins on the reticuloendothelial system.


Effect of Haemophilus pertussis on immunological and physiological reactions.


Surgery for female infertility.

Surgery for female infertility.


Laboratory and clinic in the study of infertility.


I. C. RUBIN, headmaster.

I. C. RUBIN, headmaster.


Routine psychiatric interviews in a sterility investigation.


The adenohypophysis and ovulation.

The adenohypophysis and ovulation.


The Klinefelter syndrome.

The Klinefelter syndrome.


Repeated rubin tests vs. tubal surgery for tubal block.


Role of the husband in therapeutic donor insemination.


Pressure fluctuations in uterotubal insufflation: is the origin uterine or tubal.


Attempts to produce uteroabdominal fistulas in sterile patients; report of three failures.


Puerperal sterilization on the private and ward services of a large metropolitan hospital.


The attachment cone of the guinea pig blastocyst as observed under time-lapse cinematography.


Fertilo-pak; a new vaginal tampon for use in the treatment of lowered fertility.


Evaluation of tubal function.

Evaluation of tubal function.


Progesterone, the pregnancy hormone.

Progesterone, the pregnancy hormone.


[Psychological examination of deaf, hard-of-hearing & especially speech-defective small children in various countries. II].


Shadowing; a contribution to the treatment of stammering.


An illustrative case of suprabulbar paresis from the surgical and speech therapeutic aspects.


A five-to ten-year follow-up study of the Billroth I and Billroth II (polya) operations for duodenal, gastric and gastrojejunal ulcer and gastroenterostomy with vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.


Gastric secretion following resection of the antrum and proximal duodenum.


The pattern of pepsin secretion in innervated and in Heidenhain gastric pouches in dogs.


An evaluation of radiology and gastroscopy in the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcer.


Effect of isopropamide iodide on basal gastric secretion in the human.


The effect of reserpine on gastric secretion and its possible site of action.


The milk-alkali syndrome; hypercalcemia, alkalosis and azotemia following calcium carbonate and milk therapy of peptic ulcer.


Salicylates and gastric hemorrhage. I. Occult bleeding.


Salicylates and gastric hemorrhage. II. Manifest bleeding.


Two methods for the estimation of the endogenous intestinal sterol pool in the rat.


Incidence of bleeding in duodenal diverticula.


The effect of carbon tetrachloride on the structure and function of the liver of the rhesus monkey.


The use of a fat emulsion as a source of calories in patients requiring intravenous alimentation.


Study of some factors which influence the level of serum amylase in dogs and humans.


Ulcerative colitis complicated by cologastric fistula.


An unusual case of actinomycosis manifested as an abdominal wall abscess.


The use of radio-chromium in a case of clinically unrecognized recurrent regional enteritis with occult hemorrhage.


Recent studies on the etiology of infectious enteritis of children.


Complications of duodenal ulcer.

Complications of duodenal ulcer.


Restoration of upper limb function after radical mastectomy.


Serum proteins in chronic diseases of different etiologies; electrophoresis of serum proteins, glycoproteins, and lipoproteins in chronically ill patients.


Promazine for emotionally disturbed, chronically ill, institutionalized aged.


A study of prednisone therapy for emphysema.


The combined hospital-home program: a critique; a decade of experience with a new geriatric resource.


Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis.


Self-classification as old or not old.

Self-classification as old or not old.


The health of older people in Florida.

The health of older people in Florida.


Paralysis agitans; aspects of functional training.


The key role of the physician in geriatric research.


Nutritional problems in the aged.

Nutritional problems in the aged.


The fractured hip in hemiplegic patients.


Speech therapy for the geriatric patient.


Gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly.


Effect of pancreatic lipase and bile plus lipase on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins.


Metrazol for central nervous system arteriosclerosis in aging patients.


The influence of antibiotics on aged mental patients.


Rupture of the right ventricle; report of 7 cases studied post mortem.


The elderly handicapped worker in industry.


Cerebrovascular insufficiency associated with unrecognized myocardial infarction.


The inadequate myocardium of the geriatric patient.


Restorative medicine and the geriatric patient.


A visit to the Drexel Home in Chicago.

A visit to the Drexel Home in Chicago.


Effects of large ingestion of butter and other foods on haematic features in ageing.


Submicroscopic morphology of connective tissue ground substance with particular regard to fibrillogenesis and aging.


The relation between amyloid and ageing in comparative pathology.


An evaluation of some factors affecting oestrogen response in the treatment of advanced cancer of the breast.


Functional obstruction of the left ventricle; acquired aortic subvalvar stenosis.


The classification of contaminants in statistical analysis; a system for the presentation of sources of error in clinical research.


Pseudo-cholinesterase levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.


The diagnosis by cardiac catheterization of superior mediastinal anomalous pulmonary veins.


Cardiac output and vascular pressures in 10 normal children and adolescents.


The operative treatment of hallux valgus; a review of a radical operation.


Clinical trial of carbutamide (BZ 55) in diabetic outpatients.


The surgical treatment of hallux valgus.


Mitral valvotomy and aortic embolism.

Mitral valvotomy and aortic embolism.


Coma following meprobamate.

Coma following meprobamate.


Erythroblastic hypoplasia associated with a thymoma; review, and report of a case.


Dermabrasion for acne scars and other skin defects.


Salmonellosis and shigellosis on Oahu, 1948-1955.


[Peripheral glucose utilization after intravenous glucagon loading].


[Effects of D-Lysergic acid diethylamide and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) on spinal reflexes in cats].


[Initial phase of galactogen hydrolysis].


Hormone therapy of mammary carcinoma in women.


The use of an oral hypoglycemic agent as an adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.


The prevention of hyposensitization reactions.


Cerebral angiography.

Cerebral angiography.


Placebos: a panel on the theoretical and practical implications of their use in experimental and clinical medicine.


Clinical lesions of the oculomotor nerve.


Juxtadiaphragmatic rupture of the esophagus.


Coma after glutethimide (doriden) overdose.


Old Doc, first auto test driver.

Old Doc, first auto test driver.


Specialization.

Specialization.


The analgesic effect induced by repeated administration of histamine and histamine liberators.


Experimental studies on the craving for alcohol. I. Alcoholic drive in mice following administration of saline.


Possible roles of the central nervous system in the action of morphine on blood pressure.


Studies on the potassium content of the heart muscle receiving k-strophanthin and the influence of potassium on the respiration of heart muscle.


A group of compounds possessing anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure test.


Pharmacological action of Eucommia ulmoides, Oliv.


Effect of chlorpromazine on the cell metabolism.


A note on cis-urocanid acid.

A note on cis-urocanid acid.


Record of intestinal movement in conscious cats under unrestrained conditions and influences of some general anesthetics.


Electromyographic studies of effects of chlorpromazine on nociceptively and proprioceptively induced reflex pattern of rabbits hindlimb.


The incidence of carcinoma in functioning and non-functioning solitary thyroid nodules.


Bronchial adenoma.

Bronchial adenoma.


A case of sarcoidosis of the colon.

A case of sarcoidosis of the colon.


The non-surgical treatment of dacryostenosis; a preliminary report.


Mammary abscess and mammillary fistula: pathology and roentgenology.


Reminiscences of early work on mineral metabolism at the University of Minnesota.


Research in the toothbrush; basis and initial findings.


Weighing the over-300-pound patient.

Weighing the over-300-pound patient.


Use of epinephrine with local anesthesia in hypertensive patients. I. Blood pressure and pulse rate observations in the waiting room.


Bacteriological study of salivary contamination of the dental contra-angle and handpiece.


Relative abrasiveness of natural and synthetic toothbrush bristles on cementum and dentin.


The effects of the addition of certain amino acids to enamel decalcifying buffers.


Caries-producing factors: a decade of dental research; project no. 3 of the Sugar Research Foundation, Inc.


Considerations in the prescription of occlusal rehabilitation.


Ultrasonic cavity preparation.

Ultrasonic cavity preparation.


Early correction of anterior cross-bite.


Debridement in endodontics.

Debridement in endodontics.


Leukemia as a dental problem.

Leukemia as a dental problem.


Practical applications of photography in office use.


Characteristics of ultrasonic vibrations.


Efficient appointment scheduling.

Efficient appointment scheduling.


Naval dental needs and treatment.

Naval dental needs and treatment.


A courageous lady; Mrs. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.


PIUS XII Pope Pius XII adresses members of the Twelfth Dental Congress.


Dentistry's zone of silence.

Dentistry's zone of silence.


SUPPORT for dental assistants.

SUPPORT for dental assistants.


Control of bleeding in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.


BUDGET payment plans for the individual purchase of dental care. IV.


Solid lubricants for dental handpieces.

Solid lubricants for dental handpieces.


AUTHORIZED civilian dental care for active duty Air Force personnel.


DENTAL societies show increasing interest in public relations.


Multiple supernumerary impacted mandibular bicuspids.


Labor hours in the dietary department.

Labor hours in the dietary department.


Composition and nutritive importance of eggs.


Serum cholesterol and basal metabolism; a weight-reducing experiment.


A study of Japanese men and women in Hawaii; basal metabolism in the elderly.


Milk drinking by college students.

Milk drinking by college students.


Determination with a bomb calorimeter; caloric value of food served in a woman's residance hall.


Nutrition in tuberculosis. IV. Adaptation to hospitalization.


Management's viewpoint on safety.

Management's viewpoint on safety.


Observations on the management of hypertension, including the use of antihypertensive drugs.


Realism in the use of tranquilizing drugs.


Treatment of anxiety and agitation with proclorperazine in geriatric patients.


Practical considerations in the management of the geriatric surgical patient.


Major surgery in patients over 80.

Major surgery in patients over 80.


Host-tumor antagonism. VIII. The psychologic component involved in the host resistance to cancer.


Host-tumor antagonism. IX. The reticulo-endothelial system and neoplasia.


Panel discussion of the clinical management of myocardial infarction.


Management of the geriatric syndrome with nutritional-hormonal supplements.


Extended sympathectomy in the treatment of chronic arthritis.


Clinical uses of yogurt.

Clinical uses of yogurt.


Master two-step test in coronary artery disease.


Age and anesthesia.

Age and anesthesia.


Graphic and laboratory diagnosis in coronary disease.


The post-bulbar duodenal spasm syndrome. II. Diagnosis and therapy in the older age group.


Significance of certain early changes in the T wave in coronary disease.


Laboratory aids in diagnosis of myocardial infarction; changes in muscle enzymes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein in myocardial infarction.


Vectorcardiographic diagnosis of coronary artery disease.


Physiological responses during total body perfusion with a pump-oxygenator; studies in one hundred twenty patients undergoing open cardiac surgery.


Metastatic cancer of the breast treated by adrenalectomy; evaluation and the five-year results.


The nephrotic syndrome; clinical observations on therapy with prednisone and other steroids.


Research in state and local health departments.


Prevention of heat casualties.

Prevention of heat casualties.


A simple technique for bronchography.

A simple technique for bronchography.


Death due to eosinophilic myocarditis related to trichinosis; report of a case.


Hydralazine syndrome; hypersensitivity or toxicity? its significance in understanding of collagen disease.


Use of a new corticosteroid (aristocort diacetate) in dermatology.


COUNCIL on Mental Health; report on narcotic addiction.


Hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract; report of three hundred cases and discussion of treatment.


Early prostatic carcinoma; a study of causes of delay in performing surgery.


Effect of possible smog irritants on human subjects.


Orthopedic management of the severely injured patient.


Care of the severely injured patient; urologic aspects.


Care of the severely injured patient; neurosurgical injuries.


Role of the plastic surgeon in management of the severely injured patient.


Physiatric aspects of care of the severely injured patient.


Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in dermatomyositis.


The use of angiocardiography as an aid in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease.


Differential diagnosis of dizziness.

Differential diagnosis of dizziness.


The oculoglandular form of cat-scratch disease.


Treatment of cardiac arrest due to acute potassium intoxication; restoration of normal sinus rhythm after treatment with artificial kidney.


Treatment of postgastrectomy dumping syndrome by hypnotic suggestion; preliminary report.


COUNCIL on mental health; report on narcotic addiction.


Preparation for retirement is a must.

Preparation for retirement is a must.


Evaluation and management of the brain-damaged patient.


Status of corticotropin and the steroid hormones in therapy of allergic disease.


Diagnosis and clinical course of regional enteritis.


Nonsurgical management of regional enteritis.


Pathological anatomy of regional enteritis.


Surgical viewpoint in regional ileitis.

Surgical viewpoint in regional ileitis.


Changing status of virological diagnostic services.


Percutaneous tracheotomy.

Percutaneous tracheotomy.


Dithiazanine, an effective broad-spectrum anthelmintic; results of therapy of trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, enterobiasis, ascariasis, and hookworm infection.


Research, serendipity, and orthopedic surgery.


A new rapid tracheotomy instrument.

A new rapid tracheotomy instrument.


Perforation of trachea during tracheotomy performed with Sheldon tracheotome.


Phenylketonuria.

Phenylketonuria.


Serendipity; big word in medical progress.


Practical plan for long-term treatment of hypertension.


Obstetric analgesia and anesthesia in general practice.


Pediatric contributions to neurology.

Pediatric contributions to neurology.


Comparison of regional and general anesthesia in obstetrics; with special reference to transmission of cyclopropane across the placenta.


Present-day treatment of tuberculosis and pregnancy.


Severe immediate reactions to biologicals caused by silk allergy.


The protective effect of monovalent Asian-strain vaccine against Asian influenza.


Use of citrated calcium carbimide (temposil) in treatment of chronic alcoholism.


Location of tumor diagnoses in a standard nomenclature punched-card disease index.


PAINFUL knee, drop foot, and hemoptysis.


Neostigmine therapy for apnea occurring after administration of neomycin; report of a case.


Treatment of ventricular septal defects.


Spectrographic study of trace elements in cancerous and noncancerous human tissues.


Psychiatric approach in educational therapy with emotionally disturbed children.


The Mobile Psychiatric Clinic of the Medical College of Virginia.


USE OF paternity tests in criminal proceedings for nonsupport.


Organization of poison information centers.


Rheumatic fever: progress in the last twenty years.


Streamlining the preventive management of inhalant allergy, with special reference to pollens and housedust.


PANEL on emotional health of the family.


Recent advances in neurosurgery.

Recent advances in neurosurgery.


Borderline acceptable closed reductions.


Agammaglobulinemia.

Agammaglobulinemia.


Blood platelets in the infant.

Blood platelets in the infant.


Electrocardiographic abnormalities in conditions other than heart disease.


Addison's disease.

Addison's disease.


Trimalleolar fractures.

Trimalleolar fractures.


Psychopharmacology and hypnotism.

Psychopharmacology and hypnotism.


Uterine curettage a statistical evaluation covering a 10-year period in Flint Osteopathic Hospital.


Pantothenyl alcohol in adynamic ileus.

Pantothenyl alcohol in adynamic ileus.


Case report; tetanus neonatorum.

Case report; tetanus neonatorum.


Simplified medical photography.

Simplified medical photography.


Internal and external public relations.

Internal and external public relations.


Control of leukosis in fowl.

Control of leukosis in fowl.


Recent studies on the natural transmission of visceral lymphomatosis in chickens.


Vasculature of external nares and related areas in the dog.


A preliminary report on the treatment of cystic ovaries in dairy cattle by the injection of gonadotropic hormones directly into the follicular cyst.


Mid-dorsal dermoid sinuses in Rhodesian Ridgeback dogs; a case report.


The use of an adsorbed swine erysipelas bacterin; a controlled field test.


Muscular dystrophy in calves and lambs. I. The relation of environmental condition to incidence.


A new drug, cyanacethydrazide, for the oral and subcutaneous treatment of lungworm disease in animals.


Toxoplasmosis in a swamp wallaby.

Toxoplasmosis in a swamp wallaby.


Unusual tuberculous lesion in a wallaby.


Modern day nutrition; a roadblock or an opportunity.


Precautions taken to prevent introduction of foreign diseases.


Luminal fluids of bovine female genitalia.


Patellectomy and a variation of Paatsama's operation on the anterior cruciate ligament of a dog.


Ovine coccidiosis; incidence, possible endotoxin, and treatment.


Lime poisoning in chickens.

Lime poisoning in chickens.


Control of cattle grubs by an orally administered organic phosphorous compound.


The formulation of milk substitutes for dairy calves.


Observations on hog cholera vaccination in garbage-fed swine in Connecticut.


Intravenous use of phthalofyne (whipcide) in the treatment of canine whip-worms.


Abortion in mares associated with leptospirosis.


Experiences in California with the whey test for brucellosis.


Further studies on the whey plate test for brucellosis.


Infectious canine hepatitis.

Infectious canine hepatitis.


Anthelmintics for poultry.

Anthelmintics for poultry.


Studies on experimental epizootic bovine abortion.


Hemilaminectomy in a dog with bone graft and metal internal fixation.


Paratyphoid dysentery and paratyphoid abortion in a flock of bred yearling ewes.


Prednisone (meticorten) as supportive therapy in stress conditions in large animals.


Distemper in raccoons and foxes suspected of having rabies.


A fatal nematodiasis in the camel.

A fatal nematodiasis in the camel.


DR. SEIGO HOSOYA: In memoriam.

DR. SEIGO HOSOYA: In memoriam.


Melanomycin, a new antitumor substance from streptomyces. II. Description of the strain.


Melanomycin, a new antitumor substance from Streptomyces. I.


Effect of pluramycin A on Ehrlich carcinoma of mice; studies on antitumor substance produced by actinomycetes. XIII.


Treatment of chronic sinusitis in children with various antibiotics by oral administration.


Chlortetracycline as a preventative of vibrionic abortion of sheep.


Studies on homomycin. V. The degradation and the structure of homomycin.


The sensitivity of the staphylococci which were separated from the maxillary sinus of children to various antibiotics.


Manual dexterity in the cold.

Manual dexterity in the cold.


A preparation for electron microscopic study of actinomycetes.


Supplemental feeding and thermal comfort during sleep in the cold.


Local and systemic adaptation to topical cold exposure.


An improved polarographic method for measuring oxygen tension in whole blood.


Effect of food, climate and exercise on rectal temperature during the day.


Pulmonary circulation and transcapillary exchange of electrolytes.


Validation of a method for measuring the output of the right ventricle in man by inscription of dye-dilution curves from the pulmonary artery.


Ventilation-perfusion variations within the lung.


Oxygen cost of forced breathing in the submerged resting subjects.


Compliance of the lung in anesthetized paralyzed subjects.


Revised equations for calculation of blood flow and central blood volume from indicator-dilution curves.


Dynamic response characteristics of systems for continuous recording of concentration changes in a flowing liquid (for example, indicator-dilution curves).


Thoracic-aorta flow in man.

Thoracic-aorta flow in man.


Osmotic pressure of human sweat.

Osmotic pressure of human sweat.


Effect of glucagon on food intake and body weight in man.


Effect of differences in salt and hydrogen ion concentration on the fertilizing ability of avian sperm.


Visualization of individual lipoprotein macromolecules in the electron microscope.


Phosphate treatment of alumina gel weakness in young chicks.


Effect of sarin on dark adaptation in man: threshold changes.


Effect of sarin on dark adaptation in man: mechanism of action.


Thrombin inhibition of the lipoprotein lipase system.


Interrelationship of prothrombin and autoprothrombin I in thrombocytopenia following aminopterin administration.


Modification of the thermal radiation method for assessing antinociceptive activity in the rat.


A source of error in respiratory gas sampling and analysis.


Convulsant threshold dosages of picrotoxin and strychnine sulfate in normal and epileptic monkeys.


Effect of posture on strength of the knee flexor and extensor muscles.


Relation to the central nervous system of neural pathways mediating histamine flare and nicotine sweating.


A pulse simulator for the study of flash burns.


Relationship of adrenal cortical function to flicker fusion thresholds.


A simple method for recording tremors in mice.


Transducer for continuous registration of heart rate.


A chamber for continuous exposure to low barometric pressure.


Blood pressure stabilizing device and blood reservoir for inducing hemorrhagic hypotension.


Hemorrhagic diseases.

Hemorrhagic diseases.


A sensitive method for registration of human intratympanic muscle reflexes.


Temperature control for fluids bathing mammalian tissues during direct microscopic observation.


Hypnotherapy in psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology.


General principles of management in injuries of the eye.


Otolaryngology.

Otolaryngology.


Obsteric principles involved in the induction of labor.


What makes a flyer ill.

What makes a flyer ill.


The hostile environment as a cause of aircraft accidents.


A new look at aviation physiology.

A new look at aviation physiology.


Crash injury research; a means of greater safety in aircraft accidents.


Physiologic factors in aircraft accidents in the U.S. Air Force.


Acquired myopia in airline pilots.

Acquired myopia in airline pilots.


Liljencrantz and Boynton; a study in heroism.


A technique for instrumenting sub-gravity flights.


Correlates of manifest anxiety in beginning pilot trainees.


Frederick George Novy, 1864-1957.

Frederick George Novy, 1864-1957.


Modified method of determining mutation rates in bacteria.


Effect of starvation for glucose during reversion of a long term adapting yeast.


Division synchronization in a respiratory deficient yeast.


Reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase of Pasteurella tularensis.


Effect of culture filtrates on sporogenesis in a species of Clostridium.


Metabolism of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and acetate in Acetobacter suboxydans.


Immunization of mice against Listeria monocytogenes.


Evaluation of an improved chemically defined medium for the culture of Diplococcus pneumoniae.


Numbers of enterococci in water, sewage, and feces determined by the membrane filter technique with an improved medium.


Effect of divalent cations in the sporulation medium on the thermal death rate of Bacillus coagulans var. thermoacidurans.


Structure and development of viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group observed in the electron microscope.


Studies on the milky disease organisms. I. Parasitic growth and sporulation of Bacillus popilliae.


Studies on pigmentation of Serratia marcescens. IV. Analysis of syntrophic pigment.


Reversible inactivation of the toxicity and hemolytic activity of typhus rickettsiae by starvation.


A new species (Flavobacterium polyglutamicum) which hydrolyzes the gamma-L-glutamyl bond in polypeptides.


Glycolytic and respiratory enzymes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.


Macromolecular composition of three strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.


Studies on the milky disease organisms. II. Saprophytic growth of Bacillus popilliae.


Identification of Malleomyces by specific bacteriophages.


Studies on a toxic cellular component of group A streptococci.


Metabolism of progesterone by Cylindrocarpon radicicola and Streptomyces lavendulae.


Gene control of fermentation in Saccharomyces without control of permeability.


Analysis of leukocytic extracts from guinea pigs hypersensitive to tuberculin and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.


Formation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of asci with more than four spores.


Studies on nitrate reduction by Escherichia coli.


Catalase activity in Pediococcus cerevisiae as related to hydrogen ion activity.


Illuminator for chorioallantoic membrane pock counting.


Infrared absorption studies of purified normal and virus infected mousebrain suspensions.


Studies on depolarization of light at microscope lens surfaces. II. The simultaneous realization of high resolution and high sensitivity with the polarizing microscope.


Electron microscopic observations of the olfactory mucosa and olfactory nerve. The olfactory receptor cell is characterized by a distal process (the dendrite) which terminates in the olfactory passage as the olfactory rod. The olfactory rod is provided with numerous cilia which are similar in structure to those seen in other tissues. The central processes of the bipolar cell constitute the fila olfactoria. The cytoplasmic organelles of the sustentacular cell are concentrated at the apical and basal ends of the cell with a paucity of cytoplasmic elements in the region of the nucleus. The plasma membrane of the supporting cell forms a mesaxon for both the dendrite and axon of the bipolar cell. Terminal bars are present in the epithelial cells. The axons constituting the fila olfactoria form fascicles which are ensheathed by mesaxons of adjacent Schwann cells. Thus the olfactory neurons are ensheathed throughout their course by the membranes of sustentacular and Schwann cells. Observations of the olfactory mucosa with the electron microscope are discussed with respect to recent electrophysiological studies.


The fine structural organisation of Rous tumour cells. The fibroblast-like tumour cells of Rous sarcomata have been studied in thin sections with the electron microscope. A description is given of the fine structure of the cells which includes some features not hitherto recorded. The tightly packed piles of smooth cisternae usually found only in the centrosome region have been observed, in individual Rous cells, in two separate areas of cytoplasm at opposite poles of the nucleus. Continuity between the perinuclear space and the lumen of rough surfaced cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum has frequently been found; a similar continuity between the cisternae and the exterior of the cell has also been seen. In some cases, the cell membrane has been shown to have an unbroken connection with the outer nuclear membrane through continuity with the limiting membranes of elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings are discussed.


The ribonucleoprotein nature of large particles in the meiosporangia of Allomyces. Particles averaging 3 to 4 micro in diameter, which are called chromospheres and fill the immature meiosporangia of the watermold Allomyces, were isolated and analyzed. The preparations were obtained by repeated centrifugations or by passage of the homogenate into a column of sand saturated with oleic acid, followed by selective elution of the chromospheres with alternate layers of oleic acid and an aqueous solution. The chromospheres contain approximately 12 per cent RNA, no DNA, and 60 per cent protein. It was concluded that they are pure or nearly pure ribonucleoprotein. Analysis of meiosporangia with chromospheres and after the chromospheres have disappeared showed no significant change in RNA or free amino acids. It was concluded that chromosphere disappearance is a fragmentation into small granules. The relation of chromospheres to postmeiotic chromospheres and nuclear caps is discussed. Speculation as to the function of these bodies is presented.


Studies on the biosynthesis of collagen. II. The conversion of 14C-L-proline to 14C-hydroxyproline by fowl osteoblasts in tissue culture. 1. Fowl osteoblasts grown in bulk tissue cultures in the presence of (14)C-(L)-proline incorporated this amino acid into peptide linkage. A significant amount of the incorporated radioactivity was found in the hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid fractions of the cultures. 2. The rate of formation of protein-bound (14)C-hydroxyproline from (14)C-(L)-proline was maximal in cultures grown for 15 hours and fell exponentially with the increasing age of the cultures. 3. (14)C-(L)-glutamic acid was incorporated by the osteoblast cultures, but no significant amount was converted to hydroxyproline.


Electron microscopic observations of amoeba proteus in growth and inanition. Electron microscopic observations have been made on growing and dividing specimens of Amoeba proteus and also on starving animals. Structures presumably corresponding to the mitochondria, alpha particles, vacuoles, and Golgi material are described. A new entity, designated as a foamy particle, is noted. Descriptions are given of the cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes. During division the inner, thick nuclear membrane component is seen to vanish and the outer membrane persist. Measurements suggest a gradual reappearance of the inner component with growth. Starving animals show a loss of cytoplasmic granularity and an increase in the electron density of mitochondria, presumably due to lipide accumulation.


Some chemical and structural properties of paramyosin. Paramyosin fibrils from the adductor muscles of Venus mercenaria are soluble above neutrality at relatively high ionic strength. From this viscous solution it is possible, by reduction in ionic strength, to reprecipitate acicular crystals of paramyosin. In the electron microscope these fibrils manifest a symmetrical band pattern similar to that previously described by Hodge but differing in some details. The axial periods observed under the conditions of the experiment varied between 1700 and 2000 A and a simple band pattern of one-fifth the main period was frequently observed. ATPase activity of the myosin type but of much lower intensity was demonstrated. Tryptic fission of the protein occurs but the characteristics differ from those of myosin.


Architecture and nerve supply of mammalian smooth muscle tissue. Smooth muscle tissue from mouse urinary bladder, uterus, and gall bladder has been studied by means of the electron microscope. The smooth muscle cells are distinctly and completely separated from each other by a cytolemma comparable to the sarcolemma of striated muscle. The tissue is thus cellular and not syncytial. With this evidence, supported by electron microscopy of other tissues, we question the existence of true syncytia in animal tissues. Individual cell membranes necessary for the electrophysiologic events exist in smooth muscle, and its nerve and conduction in a tissue such as uterus or bladder can occur at the cellular level as well as at the tissue area level. The smooth muscle cell contains myofilaments, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, centrosome, and pinocytotic vesicles. These structures are described in some detail, and their probable interrelations and functions are discussed. The autonomic nerves innervating smooth muscle cells are composed of axons and lemnoblasts. The axon is suspended by the mesaxon formed by the infolded plasma membrane of the lemnoblast. The respective plasma membranes separate axon and lemnoblast from each other and from surrounding muscle cells. The axons of autonomic nerves never penetrate the plasma membrane of the muscle cell, but pass or intrude into muscle cell pockets, forming a contact between axonal plasma membrane and smooth muscle plasma membrane. The lemnoblast shows well developed endoplasmic reticulum with Palade granules, mitochondria, and a long, elliptical nucleus. The axon contains neurofilaments, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles; the quantity of the latter two being significantly greater in the periphery of lemnoblasts and near axon-muscle contact regions. We regard the contact regions as the synapses between the autonomic nerves and the smooth muscle cells.


Studies on the biosynthesis of collagen. I. The growth of fowl osteoblasts and the formation of collagen in tissue culture. 1. A tissue culture method was devised in which suspensions of osteoblasts, obtained directly from frontal bones of fowl embryos, were grown in a fluid, fibrin-free medium. 2. Maximum growth of the tissue, as measured by dry weight, with the formation of collagen protein, based on the estimation of hydroxyproline, was obtained in periods of up to 6 days. 3. Appreciable amounts of protein-bound hydroxyproline were formed during the first 24 hour growth period, but electron microscopy of portions of the same cultures failed to demonstrate the presence of any typical collagen fibrils. 4. The subsequent formation of many characteristic collagen fibrils was not associated with a significant rise in the mean hydroxyproline content of the tissue. 5. The cytoplasmic granules of the osteoblasts stained intensely with the P.A.S. technique when the collagen fibrils were being formed. 6. It is suggested that collagen-forming cells synthesise and secrete a hydroxyproline-rich precursor of protein or large peptide nature, which subsequently becomes directly transformed into typical collagen fibrils.


Changes in droplet fractions from rat kidney cells after intraperitoneal injection of egg white. 1. Kidney homogenates from rats injected with egg white and from control rats were fractionated simultaneously into six fractions and the content of acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase in corresponding fractions from treated and untreated animals was compared. These observations were correlated with the amount of dark brown bottom sediments in fractions NDrI, DrII, and DrIII, and with the number of droplets in fraction NDrI. 2. It was found that after injection of egg white the amount of small droplets decreased as indicated by the decrease of the dark brown bottom layer in the sediment of fraction DrIII and by the concomitant decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the same fraction, and that the number of large droplets increased as indicated by the increase of brown sediment in fraction NDrI and the increase in the number of droplets counted in a bacterial counting chamber in the same fraction. It was concluded that the treatment with egg white induced the transformation of small droplets into large droplets. 3. The decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the fractions containing the small droplets was accompanied by a marked increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. The enzyme content of fraction NDrI was not increased after treatment, although it contained greatly increased numbers of large droplets. Counting of the droplets in this fraction showed decreased enzymatic activity of the average large droplet after treatment with egg white. It was suggested that during the transformation of small into large droplets, a portion of the hydrolytic enzymes was released into the surrounding cytoplasm, and that this was partly responsible for the increased enzyme content of the supernatant fluid after fractionation of the kidney homogenate. In contrast to the four other hydrolytic enzymes, beta-glucuronidase was not increased in the supernatant fluid. 4. Eighteen hours after intraperitoneal injection of egg white, the specific enzymatic activities of kidney homogenates showed a 25 to 35 per cent increase for cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease, no change for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and approximately a 7 per cent decrease for cytochrome oxidase. The increase of cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease in the total homogenate was interpreted as an indication of the formation of new enzymes, and it was suggested that this partly accounted for the increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. 5. The activation of the enzymes by osmotic effects was investigated in vitro by incubation of droplet fractions in the presence of different concentrations of sucrose.


The cell in starvation; physiological and chemical observations. Observations made on Amoeba proteus during total inanition revealed the following changes: Dry weight declined progressively, but at a decreasing rate to about 45 per cent of the initial levels when determined in surviving members of a dying population. Protein fell to about 70 per cent of the initial level. A hexane-alcohol extractable component fell during early starvation then rose to about its initial absolute level in the dying cells. While initially most of this component is probably lipide, it is not certain that other materials are not extracted during cell degeneration. Survival as a function of cell size was studied. No advantage in survival was apparent for any size class. Nucleate cell "halves" likewise showed no survival time differential, unlike a highly significant decrease in the survival of enucleate portions. The maintenance of the initial variance about the mean population weight (after hexane-alcohol extraction) during starvation, likewise supports the idea that survival depends largely on concentration parameters.


The parasporal body of Bacillus laterosporus Laubach. On sporulation the slender vegetative rods swell and form larger spindle-shaped cells in which the spores are formed. When the spores mature they lie in a lateral position cradled in canoe-shaped parasporal bodies which are highly basophilic and can be differentiated from the surrounding vegetative cell cytoplasm with dilute basic dyes. On completion of sporulation the vegetative cell protoplasm and the cell wall lyse, leaving the spore cradled in its parasporal body. This attachment continues indefinitely on the usual culture medium and even persists after the spores have germinated. In thin sections of sporing cells the bodies are differentiated from the cell protoplasm by differences in structure. Whereas the protoplasm has a granular appearance, in both longitudinal and cross-sections the parasporal body comprises electron-dense lamellae running parallel with the membranes of the spore coat and less electron-dense material in the interstices of the lamellae. The inner surface of the body is contiguous with that of the spore coat as if it were part of the spore, rather than a separate body attached to the spore. The staining reactions of the parasporal body are not consistent with those of any substance described in bacteria. With Giemsa the bodies stain like chromatin, but the Feulgen reaction indicates that they do not contain the requisite nucleic acid. With an aqueous solution of toluidine blue they stain metachromatically, but with an acidified solution the results are variable. Neisser's stain for polyphosphate is negative. The basophilic substance is removed from the body with some organic solvents. This basophilic substance has not been specifically identified with any material seen in ultrathin sections, but it is suggested that it might be the less electron-dense material in the interstices of the lamellar structure. In contrast to the spore coat of B. laterosporus, those of its two relatives B. brevis and B. circulans take up basic stain like the parasporal body. Thin spore sections of these species have shown that the walls are thicker than those surrounding the spores of B. laterosporus, and it is suggested that the outer stainable layer of brevis and circulans spores is an accessory coat which in laterosporus may have been deformed to give a parasporal body.


Microspectrophotometry of cell nuclei stained with the Feulgen reaction. IV. Formation of tetraploid nuclei in rat liver cells during postnatal growth. 1. DNA contents of the individual parenchymal nuclei of rat livers during postnatal growth were estimated by microspectrophotometric apparatus, and different ploidy classes of nuclei were classified by their DNA contents. With the same material the total number of parenchymal nuclei in the liver was counted microscopically. 2. If the DNA content of nuclei encountered most frequently in several tissues represents the diploid class, the ploidy classes of the rat liver cell nuclei correspond to di-, tri-, tetra-, and octoploid, with the di- and tetraploid ones predominating considerably. 3. In suckling rats (below 25 gm. of body weight) the liver parenchyma is composed almost exclusively of cells with diploid nuclei, whereas in young rats (above 80 gm.), of tetraploid nuclei. In the growth stage between 25 and 80 gm., there is a remarkable replacement of the diploid nuclei by the tetraploid ones. However, in the liver of adult rats weighing more than 150 gm., any increase or decrease in the frequency of diploid and tetraploid nuclei is hardly observable. In such rats, the nuclear population of the liver parenchyma seems to reach a cell-ecological equilibrium which is considered to be a stable one. 4. It is shown that such nuclear populations and the total number of nuclei in a liver are controlled by the growth state, and not by the age. 5. The decrease in the total number of diploid nuclei and the increase in tetraploid nuclei in the growing livers of rats weighing from 40 up to 130 gm. can both be explained by the hypothesis that the tetraploid nuclei originate from the interphase diploid nuclei without involving mitosis. This hypothesis implies that mitosis is confined to the reproduction of diploid cells alone. 6. It is suggested that, in general, the synthesis of DNA does not necessarily result in the formation of visible mitotic chromosomes. 7. Mitotic time and generation time of diploid nuclei and the percentage of the tetraploidization from diploid nuclei are calculated and discussed.


The ultrastructure of the vitelline body in the oocyte of the spider Tegenaria parietina. The vitelline body in the mature oocyte of the spider Tegenaria parietina is composed of 4 different zones. 1. The central zone contains granular areas, vesicles, and a few lamellae. 2. The lamellar zone consists of numerous concentric lamellae. These sheets, 45 A in thickness, are stacked in groups. The fine structure and the regular arrangement recall those of myelin sheets, retinal rods, and chloroplasts. Between the stacks of lamellae, finely granular masses and various vesicles are to be found. 3. The "zone of transition" consists of a finely granular substance accumulated in abundant masses. This substance is composed of very closely packed granules about 50 to 60 A in diameter. Very often, near the lamellae, the granules show alignment giving a gradual transition from grains to lamellae. 4. The vesicular zone contains ergastoplasm, dense particles, mitochondria, and Golgi material. It is suggested that the peculiar ultrastructure of these cytoplasmic components may be related to an intense metabolic activity.


Reduction of heating artifacts in thin sections examined in the electron microscope. Certain phenomena affecting contrast obtained from tissue sections with the electron microscope have been investigated and a technique is described for reducing destruction by the electron beam of fine details in sections. It has been concluded that loss of embedding material is slightly higher at exposed surfaces of sections than it is at surfaces covered by substrate film. Covering of both surfaces of sections with thin films of formvar, collodion, or carbon materially improves the general appearance, reduces distortion, and sometimes reduces loss of tissue mass from the section as result of exposure to the electron beam. This improvement is considered to result from the relatively high melting-point of the covering films which serve to eliminate or reduce surface-tension or other forces operating in methacrylate softened by the electron beam.


An electron microscope study of the cytology of the protozoan Euplotes patella. 1. Structurally the "sensory bristles" in Euplotes patella are typical cilia, but no ciliary rootlets connect their bases. 2. The "neuromotor fibrils" are composed of filaments 21 mmicro in diameter. At the point of junction of the filaments with the peripheral ciliary fibrils a granular structure 65 to 90 mmicro in diameter is seen which has dense central and peripheral zones separated by a less dense layer. Information on the interconnection of organelles is expanded. 3. A system of subpellicular fibrils is described. The external fibrillar system described by others could not be found. 4. The motorium is shown to be a mass of intertwining rootlet filaments. 5. The micronucleus is shown to have a spongy, dense material in a less dense material, all of which is surrounded by a double-layered membrane. 6. The double-layered macronuclear membrane contains annuli whose outside diameter is 70 mmicro; the macronuclear bodies are sometimes closely applied to the membrane. In the macronuclear reorganization bands, the solution plane is a fine network, while the reconstruction plane is devoid of structure at the level of resolution observed. 7. The mitochondria are composed of tubules, only occasionally oriented, usually embedded in a surrounding material of lower density. 8. Microbodies whose diameters are 250 to 350 mmicro are frequently observed in close association with mitochondrial surfaces. 9. The food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles, and ciliary vacuoles are bounded by single-layered membranes. In the food vacuoles, the bacteria are surrounded by membranes individually or in small groups. 10. Cytoplasmic rods localized in the oral region, and cytoplasmic granules dispersed at random, are described. No typical ergastoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi material was observed.


The ultrastructure of yolk platelets of amphibian oocytes.


Segregation of an intravenously injected protein by droplets of the cells of rat kidneys.


New observations on the ultrastructure of the membranes of frog peripheral nerve fibers.


Electron microscope studies of crystal-collagen relationships in bone. IV. The occurrence of crystals within collagen fibrils. Crystals are seen occasionally within the diameter of transversely sectioned collagen fibrils near the calcification front of newly formed bone.


An integrated morphological and biochemical study of a purified preparation of the succinate and DPNH oxidase system. Electron micrographs of a purified succinate and DPNH oxidase system prepared from heart muscle reveal that it has a vesicular appearance and is membranous in nature. In keeping with its vesicular appearance is the fact that light scattering by this preparation shows marked changes as the molarity of the suspending medium is altered. Treatment of this preparation with 0.5 per cent deoxycholate solutions removes a large part of the lipide material, which comprises almost half of the dry weight of the preparation. The residue, which still contains the "core" of the cytochrome electron transmitter system, as shown by spectroscopic and enzymatic experiments, is still structured and is membranous in morphological appearance. It is concluded that the enzyme preparation is largely composed of fragmented mitochondrial membranes, and some of the consequences of the localization of the succinate and DPNH oxidase systems in or on these membranes are discussed.


Arthrographic studies of the shoulder joint.


Cineroentgenography of the normal cervical spine.


Cervico-occipital fusion for congenital and post-traumatic anomalies of the atlas and axis.


Oblique roentgenographic views of the cervical spine in flexion and extension; and aid in the diagnosis of cervical subluxations and obscure dislocations.


A technique for femoral-shaft shortening; a preliminary report.


Sporotrichosis; a report of twenty-three cases in the upper extremity.


Compression of the bone ends as an aid to union in fractures; a report on forty-nine ununited and four recent fractures.


Congenital anomalies of the hand. II.

Congenital anomalies of the hand. II.


Sarcoma in Paget's disease of bone.

Sarcoma in Paget's disease of bone.


Comminuted fractures and fracture-dislocations involving the articular surface of the humeral head.


Procedure for bone sterilization with beta-propiolactone.


Use of a prosthesis for the distal portion of the radius following resection of a recurrent giant-cell tumor.


Tuberculosis of the femoral neck in childhood.


Congenital absence of the fibula.

Congenital absence of the fibula.


Femoral-artery reconstruction in a patient with a compound fracture of the femur.


True diastasis of the sacro-iliac joints with hypermobility.


Ganglioneuromata in bone; report of a case.


Intramedullary fixation of fractures of the femur in a case of osteopetrosis.


Paleopathological evidence suggesting pre-Columbian tuberculosis of the spine.


Application of punched card indexing systems to orthopaedic surgery.


STERLING BUNNELL; 1882-1957.

STERLING BUNNELL; 1882-1957.


Sterling Bunnell: editorial.

Sterling Bunnell: editorial.


The accumulation of tissue components in the leg muscle of the developing chick.


The luminescent reaction in extracts of the marine dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra.


The influence of pH of the suspending buffer on respiration of apical segments of the onion root.


The effects of several chelating agents on excitation and conduction in frog sciatic nerve.


The metabolism of adipose tissue utilizing neotetrazolium.


Acetylcholine and epinephrine effects on the embryonic rat heart.


The exchange of potassium in frog nerve: role of aerobic metabolism and glycolysis.


Sensitivity of UV-irradiated Blepharisma undulans to high pressure lysis.


Contrasting inhibitory effects of probenecid on the renal tubular excretion of p-aminohippurate and on the active reabsorption of urea in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias.


Photodynamic effect of Blepharisma pigment on nerve.


Photoreversal of ultraviolet injury to frog and crab nerves.


Single fiber gustatory impulses in rat and hamster.


The effect of iodide and thiocyanate ions on the mechanical and electrical properties of frog muscle.


Transtubular potential differences of rat kidney.


Metabolism of HeLa cells: methodology and media evaluation.


Magnesium studies in relation to hyperparathyroidism.


Isolation of cortical material from sea urchin eggs by centrifugation.


Mucoproteins in thyroid and parathyroid disease; clinical and experimental studies.


The association of periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism in Japan.


The chronology of events in the development of subacute thyroiditis, studied by radioactive iodine.


Metabolism of free and conjugated 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in subjects with liver disease.


Estrogen excretion levels in the normal postmenopausal woman.


Cell division: a pressure-temperature analysis of the effects of sulfhydryl reagents on the cortical plasmagel structure and furrowing strength of dividing eggs (Arbacia and Chaetopterus).


Thirty-one men with female sex chromatin.


Corticosteroid response to surgery; effect of testosterone.


Exophthalmos and localized pretibial myxedema in a euthyroid patient; studies with triiodothyronine.


Analysis of the phosphorus reabsorption index; theoretical and practical implications.


A compact apparatus for ascending paper chromatography.


Observations on the affect of metallic mercury upon some microorganisms.


Lack of plasma cortisol and urinary aldosterone in a pregnant woman with Addison's disease.


A comparative study of erythrocyte metabolism.


Excretion of pregnane-3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20 alpha-triol in pregnancy.


A clinical syndrome associated with a defect in steroid glucuronide formation.


The isolation of myoglobin in progressive muscular dystrophy.


The reaction to hot atmospheres of various species of Australian marsupial and placental animals.


Effects of pH on the heart of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana Linnaeus.


Sterilization of syringes by infra-red radiation.


The sterilization of dressings.

The sterilization of dressings.


Semi-solid agar media for culture and drug sensitivity tests of tubercle bacilli from sputum.


Catalase activity and isoniazid sensitivity of tubercle bacilli.


A simple medium for the rapid detection of Salmonella-like paracolon organisms.


The use of ancillary laboratory tests in leptospirosis, with particular reference to the diagnosis of the mild case.


Penicillinase production by Staphylococcus aureus strains from outbreaks of food poisoning.


A culture medium for Trichomonas vaginalis donné and species of Candida.


Counteraction of the effects of mepazine on the eye by means of parasympathomimetic drugs.


Theory and the future of research in psychiatry.


Involutional melancholia as a disease of adaptation.


Chemical theories of psychosis.

Chemical theories of psychosis.


A clinical evaluation of methyl-phenidylacetate hydrochloride (ritalin).


Intra-erythrocytic haemoglobin crystals.


The technique of bone marrow aspiration in children.


An approach to the study of sources of individual differences in child behavior.


A procedure for evaluating the status of schizophrenic patients.


The degeneration of brain thromboplastin in the presence of normal serum.


Amino-aciduria in Cooley and sickle cell anaemias.


The detection of a circulating anticoagulant active against blood thromboplastin formation.


Thrombosis and factor VII activity.

Thrombosis and factor VII activity.


The effect of room temperature on erythrocyte sedimentation rate and its correction.


Laboratory control of anticoagulant therapy; the effect of storage on blood used for prothrombin estimations.


The influence of erythrocyte factors on their sedimentation rate.


The estimation of the oral hypoglycaemic agent carbutamide in blood.


The estimation of BZ55 and sulphonamides in blood sugar filtrates.


The proteins of normal urine.

The proteins of normal urine.


Electrophoretic analysis of serum and urinary proteins in the diagnosis of myelomatosis.


Microdetermination of serum calcium using the Eel flame photometer.


The estimation of calcium in urine by flame photometry, with a note on the estimation of sodium and potassium.


A note on the determination of beta-glucuronidase activity in urine.


A protective cabinet for handling infective material in the laboratory.


Simple methods for measuring serum levels of the glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases in routine laboratories.


The identification of living malignant cells in exudates.


A low temperature (-68 degree C.) storage cabinet.


The character and degree of psychopathology in relation to sustained intellectual performance.


Spontaneous fluctuations in the severity of illness of hospitalized lobotomized patients.


Differences in some personal characteristics of rigid and flexible individuals.


Further studies on the Bender-Gestalt test and the digit-span test as measures of recall.


Wechsler-Bellevue changes over time.

Wechsler-Bellevue changes over time.


Age, intelligence, aphasia and the spiral after-effect in an epileptic population.


A comparison of the Bender-Gestalt reproductions of delinquents and non-delinquents.


PEAQ: a measure of psychopathic behavior.


The Hill-Monroe inventory for predicting acceptability for psychotherapy in the institutionalized narcotic addict.


A new sorting technique for diagnosing brain damage.


An evaluation scale for shock therapy.

An evaluation scale for shock therapy.


A validation of measures that predict the efficacy of shock therapy.


An evaluation of the Grassi test for organic involvement.


An evaluation of the organic signs in the H-T-P drawings.


Human figure drawings by younger and older adults.


Manifest content and interpretive meaning of verbal intelligence test responses.


Rorschach M responses and intelligence.

Rorschach M responses and intelligence.


Utilization of O'Reilly's objective Rorschach as a screening test for State Colony job applicants.


Global evaluation of Rorschach performance versus scores: sex differences in Rorschach performance.


Movement in the fantasy of brain-injured (cerebral palsy) children.


Differentiating alcoholics from normals and abnormals with the MMPI.


The effect on self description of combining anxiety and hostility items on a single scale.


Face validity in the D scale of the MMPI.


The Taylor manifest anxiety scale in differential diagnosis.


Prediction of re-hospitalization using the MMPI.


Note on a rapid scoring procedure for the card form MMPI.


The clinical application of sequential analysis.


Construction of a table of the significance of the difference between verbal and performance IQ's on the WAIS and the Wechsler-Bellevue.


An approximate table for determining sample size by means of the sign test.


The effect of a recorded voice on the drawing of a geometric design as a predictor of social behavior.


A note on the reliability of the L-M Fergus Falls behavior rating scale.


Contagious pustular dermatitis. III. Experimental infection.


A haemophilus-like organism isolated from pig lung and the associated pneumonic lesions.


A case of thrush (candidiasis) in a piglet.


Blood changes in piglets associated with weaning.


Some observations on glucose, ketone bodies and volatile fatty acids in the blood of dairy cattle.


Comparative coagulation studies on horse and human blood.


Further experiments on the effect of tick-borne fever infection on the susceptibility of lambs to staphylococci.


Osteoporsis in lambs in a lead mining area. I. A study of the naturally occurring disease.


A histological study of the sweat glands of normal and dry-coated horses.


The chick's preference for some visual properties of water.


Form preferences in newly hatched chicks.


Saccharine reinforcement in a T maze.

Saccharine reinforcement in a T maze.


Differentiation learning by monkeys.

Differentiation learning by monkeys.


Solution of bent-wire problems by monkeys and chimpanzees.


The gradient of delay of secondary reward in avoidance learning.


The gradient of delay of secondary reward in avoidance learning tested on avoidance trials only.


The retention of an incompletely learned avoidance response.


Some effects of response-independent positive reinforcement on maintained operant behavior.


Discrimination of intermittent photic stimulation in the rat without its striate cortex.


Olfactory discrimination deficits in monkeys with temporal lobe ablations.


Sexual behavior in adult male hamsters castrated-adrenalectomized prior to puberty.


Thermal behavior of the sub-nourished and pantothenic-acid-deprived rat.


Random and food-directed activity in hyperphagic and normal rats.


The effect of activity restriction upon adjustment to cyclic food deprivation.


Exploratory behavior in two mazes with dissimilar alternatives.


Response by rats to differential stimulus complexity.


The effect of reinforcement upon activity during cyclic food deprivation.


The relative strengths of consummatory responses in hunger, thirst, and exploratory drive.


Relative acceptability of sodium chloride and sucrose solutions.


Continuous recording of arterial pressure: an analysis of the problem.


The Wittenborn psychiatric syndromes: an oblique rotation.


An exploration of abdominal potentials.

An exploration of abdominal potentials.


Effects of infantile and adult shock-trauma upon learning in the adult white rat.


The role of pre-injury education and intelligence level in intellectual loss after brain injury.


Orthogonal versus oblique rotations.

Orthogonal versus oblique rotations.


Rotational procedures and descriptive inferences.


An evaluation of eclectically oriented psychotherapy.


Thematic Apperception, Rorschach content, and ratings of sexual attractiveness of women as measures of the sex drive.


The social desirability stereotype and some measures of psychopathology.


A factor-analytically based rationale for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.


Intellectual ability and mode of perception.


Unsuccessful differential diagnosis from the Rorschach.


Test anxiety, general anxiety, and intellectual performance.


Generalization as a function of manifest anxiety and adaptation to psychological experiments.


Self concepts in adjusted and maladjusted hospital patients.


A stereophonic sound system for play therapy observation.


Change and receptiveness to psychotherapy.


A short forced-choice anxiety scale.

A short forced-choice anxiety scale.


A note on the use of Doppelt's short form of the WAIS with psychiatric patients.


The Kahn test of symbol arrangement as an aid to psychodiagnosis.


The relation of salivary citrate to dental caries experience in children 12 to 14 years old.


Studies on salivary lactobacilli and dental caries in children during a dentifrice test program.


Salivary tryptophan and its relationship to DMF.


Studies on salivary peroxidatic activity.


On the determination of human saliva aldolase activity.


Anxiety and dental caries.

Anxiety and dental caries.


Serial histologic effects of rat submaxillary and sublingual salivary gland duct and blood vessel ligation.


The relation of thyroid gland activity to the incidence of dental caries in the rat. II. A comparison of caries incidence under paired-feeding technics.


The effect of pilocarpine on dental caries in the rat.


A comparison between salivary gland extirpation and duct ligation on dental caries in rats.


The effect of different fluorides on the solubility of intact dental enamel surfaces.


The effect of selenium on the incidence of dental caries in rats.


A method for the determination of enamel solubility in intact rat molars using highly concentrated fluoride solutions.


Microstructure of the human tooth.

Microstructure of the human tooth.


Dietary casein-sucrose ratios and their effects on mineralized tissues.


A social factor associated with severity of periodontal disease.


A possible means of inadvertent transmission of infection to dental patients.


Biochemical studies on acute inflammation. II. The effect of dilantin.


Vitamin A deficiency in the hamster.

Vitamin A deficiency in the hamster.


Profile characteristics of cut tooth surfaces developed by rotating instruments.


Densification of dental porcelain.

Densification of dental porcelain.


A method of measuring porosity of porcelain teeth.


The effect of surface area on the hygroscopic setting expansion and strength of casting investments.


The relationship of hygroscopic to normal setting expansion of casting investments.


Studies on the solubility of certain dental materials.


Strength and phase formation of dental amalgam.


Relationship between the sequence of calcification and the sequence of eruption of the mandibular molar and premolar teeth.


The shape of the dental arches.

The shape of the dental arches.


Fate of non-virulent group A streptococci phagocytized by human and mouse neutrophils. The fate of non-virulent group A streptococci phagocytized in vitro has been investigated by destroying the phagocyte with electric current and observing whether the liberated cocci multiply. Human and mouse peripheral blood neutrophils quickly injure ingested cocci, the time required to produce 50 per cent non-survival of chains being 8 and 6(3/4) minutes, respectively.


Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. IX. Characteristics of endogenous serum pyrogen and mechanisms governing its release. The "endogenous serum pyrogen" that appears in the circulating blood after a single intravenous injection of endotoxin does not produce leukopenia in normal animals, fails to provoke the local Shwartzman reaction, and elicits no "tolerance" when injected daily. Suppression of the febrile response to endotoxin by prednisone does not prevent the appearance of pyrogen in the blood. Animals given large amounts of endotoxin daily continue to respond with high fevers despite failure of endogenous serum pyrogen to appear in detectable amounts after the first two or three injections. Analysis of the response to daily injections shows clearly that the fever during the first 2 hours after administration of endotoxin is unrelated to levels of endogenous serum pyrogen; in contrast, the magnitude of the fever after the 2nd hour correlates well with endogenous pyrogen in some instances. The leukopenic response to endotoxin could not be correlated with the appearance of endogenous serum pyrogen. The differences between endotoxin and endogenous pyrogen and the similarities between leukocyte extracts (sterile exudates) and endogenous pyrogen are summarized and discussed. Dissociation of the febrile response to bacterial endotoxin and levels of endogenous serum pyrogen are discussed and it is concluded that a mechanism involving both direct and indirect action of endotoxins offers the best explanation for the pyrogenic action of these bacterial products.


Predetermination by infection and by vaccination of antibody response to influenza virus vaccines. The antibody orienting effects of prior infections with antigenic variants of influenza viruses were confirmed by studies with monovalent adjuvant vaccines and with polyvalent aqueous and adjuvant preparations. In either case, the predominant antibody response was of a "booster" type, directed against the major antigens of strains of original infection. It was shown that vaccination with appropriate strains, selected as antigenic prototypes, could orient or predetermine subsequent antibody response upon revaccination. Moreover, the effects of exposure by vaccination were found to be durable and to constitute a foundation upon which future antibody dividends could be accumulated. As a result, it seems feasible to induce by vaccination a more lasting broad composite antibody protection against influenza if appropriate preparations and schedules are used.


Studies on the mechanism of hypersensitivity phenomena. II. The participation of complement in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis of the albino rat. Experiments are described indicating that the magnitude and sensitivity of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) response in normal rats to a given level of immune reagents, may be enhanced by the addition of hemolytically active sera. A similar enhancement in normal rats has been obtained with C' component reagents possessing properties associated with the third component of C'. Parallelisms between in vitro fixation of C' and PCA induction by antigen and antibody are shown. The horse anti-pneumococcus system has low C'-fixing potencies and is also less efficient than the rabbit polysaccharide system in the induction of PCA. Findings of a similar nature were observed in the reaction of rabbit anti-ribonuclease with ribonuclease, the acetylated and guanidinated derivatives of the enzyme. The injection of hemolytically active serum into C'-deficient rats was accompanied by a partial restoration of PCA. Restorative effects were also noted with heated and ammonia-treated serum. The return of hemolytic potency and responsiveness to PCA in C'-depleted rats, follow a similar time course. The data presented indicate that the PCA reaction can be studied as a function of at least three variables, antigen, antibody, and a serum constituent resembling C'.


The influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. IIL Effects on certain dynamics of influenza virus increase. The administration of cortisone to chicken embryos infected with influenza B virus results in (a) an initial inhibition of viral synthesis and (b) an eventual increase in the final yield of virus attained. Increased yields of virus are attained regardless of the number of viral particles in the infecting inoculum or the proportion of particles which are infective. Changes in the distribution ratios of allantoic fluid and intramembrane virus are effected by cortisone only as the secondary result of reduction in viral synthesis. The manifest effect of cortisone on influenza A virus increase is inhibitory unless inocula containing relatively high proportions of inactive viral particles are used.


The influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. V. Inhibition of influenza virus synthesis. Cortisone is a highly potent inhibitor of influenza virus synthesis in the chick embryo, inducing manifest inhibition in doses of 0.1 to 1.0 microg/egg. Inhibition of viral synthesis is only temporarily manifest. As infection continues, the negation by cortisone of the self-limiting effects of viral autointerference obscures the coincident cortisone effect on synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cortisone may be induced late in the course of viral multiplication, after conclusion of the latent period. It is proposed that inhibition of viral synthesis with cortisone is a corollary of the steroid's inhibitory effects on growth and protein synthesis of the infected host. The role of adrenal corticoids in the regulation of infection with obligate intracellular parasites deserves continued investigation.


The influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. IV. Negation of interference as the mechanism by which cortisone induces increased virus yields. The interference with viral synthesis which is induced by large quantities of non-infective influenza B virus is inhibited or negated with small quantities of cortisone and other C-21 steroids. The specificity of this effect is attested by the inactivity of 11-alpha hydroxy epimers of highly active compounds. Maximal activity in negation of interference is associated with the presence of oxygen at the C-11 position of the steroid molecule. In view of the demonstration that negation of interference can occur, it is concluded that the phenomenon of multiplicity reactivation of non-infective virus is not primarily influenced by cortisone. Rather, it is suggested that the reactivation phenomenon is unmasked by cortisone through its inhibiting effect on the autointerference intrinsic in multiplicity infection. If it is accepted that influenza virus infections in ovo are self-limited in part by viral autointerference, present evidence is consistent with the view that negation of this autointerference is the mechanism by which cortisone induces definitively increased yields of virus.


Surface phagocytosis; further evidence of its destructive action upon fully encapsulated pneumococci in the absence of type-specific antibody. Experiments recently reported (18) have been interpreted to indicate that surface phagocytosis plays no significant part in natural antipneumococcal defense. A repetition of these experiments has revealed: (a) that the cellular content of the leucocytic suspensions used in the phagocytic tests was of a different order of magnitude from that of the exudates which usually exist in infected tissues, (b) that the suspensions were too dilute to allow surface phagocytosis of pneumococci to occur, and (c) that the ratio of bacteria to leucocytes. was such that, when a sufficiently concentrated exudate was employed, the pneumococci injured the leucocytes and thus prevented phagocytosis from taking place. When conditions of the tests were suitably controlled, and conventional quantitative methods were employed to measure the end results of the phagocytic reaction, the essential observations relating to surface phagocytosis were fully confirmed. The significance of this non-antibody mechanism of defense in pneumococcal infections was thus further substantiated.


Studies on the effect of triton (WR-1339) on guinea pig tissues. I. Lipide chemistry of lung, liver, spleen, adrenals, and blood. Guinea pigs given three subcutaneous injections of triton WR-1339, 300 mg./kg., at 3 day intervals develop an intense lipemia as evidenced by marked increases in serum phospholipide, free cholesterol, ester cholesterol, neutral fat, and total fatty acids. The total fatty acid content of the lung, liver, and spleen, however, remains unchanged. No qualitative change in the fatty acids of the lung and liver from treated animals could be detected by the methods used. The injection of triton was found to diminish slightly the cholesterol content of the adrenal glands. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to an understanding of the mechanism involved in the therapeutic action of triton in experimental tuberculosis.


Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on the endocrine system and metabolism of the rat and its influence to retard growth of mammary tumors hitherto refractory. The repeated administration of 3-methylcholanthrene to adolescent rats resulted in (a) a profound, incomplete, and selective depression of certain hypophyseal functions; (b) decreased growth of transplanted mammary tumors; and (c) a retardation of body growth. Only the last mentioned effect was reversed by forced feeding. The retarded rate of body growth induced by 3-methylcholanthrene was prevented by the concurrent administration of dihydrotestosterone or progesterone, or by ovariectomy; rats so treated became overweight despite the injection of 3-methylcholanthrene. Phenolic estrogens intensified the retardation of body growth induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and emaciation resulted. The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in decreased gonadotrophin production by the pituitary and the ovaries were more drastically affected by the depression of pituitary activity than the adrenals were. The compound exerted differential effects on the pituitary glands of males and females respectively. Hormonal functions of both ovary and testis were decreased in rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene but, whilst ovarian weight was much reduced, the size of the testis was not decreased and the germinal epithelium of the male was little affected by the treatment in most instances. There was a considerable reduction of the content of alkaline phosphatase in the breast of intact rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene but atrophy of the mammary epithelium did not occur and hyperplasia of the mammary tree was often observed. The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene considerably slowed the growth of transplanted mammary tumors characterized by high dependence on hormones and the concurrent administration of gonadotrophin restored the growth rate of the tumors. The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene or androstan-17beta-ol-3-one was only moderately effective in controlling the growth of transplanted mammary tumors characterized by low hormonal dependence; the combined administration of these compounds was highly efficacious in retarding the growth of these refractory tumors. 3-Methylcholanthrene partially retarded the growth of mammary fibroadenomas in hypophysectomized rats.


Studies on the effect of triton (WR-1339) on guinea pig tissues. II. Fragility of blood cells. Guinea pig red cells exposed to triton WR-1339 either in vitro or in vivo demonstrate an increased sensitivity to hemolysis by thermal shock. Although the sensitivity of guinea pig leucocytes to thermal shock remains unchanged after a single injection of triton, their resistance to disruption by acetone and by sonic vibration is increased significantly. Resistance to sonic vibration appears to be maximum within a few hours after injection and then it gradually wanes. Paraffin oil-induced peritoneal exudate cells (monocytes) and leucocytes from whole blood are rendered more resistant to disruption by sonic vibration when exposed to triton in vitro. These findings are discussed briefly in relation to the therapeutic effect of triton in experimental tuberculosis.


Studies on the effect of triton (WR-1339) on guinea pig tissues. III. Tuberculin hypersensitivity and in vitro cytolysis of leucocytes by tuberculin. The administration of triton WR-1339 (300 mg./kg. subcutaneously) to tuberculin-sensitive guinea pigs 2 hours before the intradermal injection of PPD depresses slightly their skin sensitivity to tuberculin and essentially obliterates the lytic effect of tuberculin on their circulating leucocytes. When leucocytes from tuberculin-sensitive guinea pigs are exposed to triton in vitro at a concentration level attainable in vivo the cells are partially protected against lysis by PPD.


Fatal keratomas due to deep homografts of the benign papillomas of tarred mouse skin; normal proclivities and neoplastic disabilities as determinants of tumor course. Six out of eight epidermal papillomas, induced with tar in mice of homogeneous strain, have grown after transfer to the subcutaneous tissue of sucklings and weanlings. Five of them have been thus maintained for nearly or quite a year and a half, and in seven to nine successive groups of mice. The tumor studied longest has been kept going in five parallel lines since its primary implantation. The papillomas have all grown progressively in most instances, and proved fatal. None has altered except through the occurrence of derivative cancers, but these have arisen so often as only to be excluded on transfer by a rigorous selection of grafts. Histologically the papillomas have been of a single, completely unaggressive kind, yet transfer has disclosed great differences in their abilities. The tumors they form are of unique sorts. The cells of some are able-bodied (Type A), capable of spreading along bare connective tissue and keratinizing like normal, reparative epidermis. They line graft pockets, differentiate into the free space these provide, and form cysts densely packed with keratin. The papilloma is thus turned outside in. The cysts become huge as keratin accumulates in them, and eventually they rupture with result either in subcutaneous dissecting cysts or keratinizing surface growths that are often prodigious in size and fantastic in shape, but sometimes are completely like the cutaneous papillomas ordinarily induced by carcinogens, and tend, when small, to regress or come away as these frequently do. One growth of Type A was placed in the peritoneal cavity or in the liver, spleen or lung, and at all these situations it formed introverted cysts resembling the subcutaneous. The cells of other papillomas are more or less crippled (Type C). In extreme instances they are unable to spread laterally, and produce relatively little keratin. They fail to line graft pockets, but their keratin inflames the exposed connective tissue, extravasation ensues, and a continually enlarging, fluid-filled cyst forms, with walls that are bare except where a stalked or cauliflower papilloma exists, projecting inwards. At last the cyst ruptures and a second dissecting cyst forms, also devoid of papilloma tissue; or else the overlying skin undergoes pressure necrosis, the cyst fluid escapes through a rent, and fatal infection ensues. All gradations exist between Type A and Type C. The cancers derivative from both exhibit a marked disability,-though invasive they are almost or quite unable to extend along bare connective tissue. The papillomas that are possessed of this faculty spread beyond them along the cyst wall, and kill the host through their unceasing activity. In collateral work a papilloma was transplanted that was found protruding from the external auditory canal of a mouse which had received an intramuscular injection of methylcholanthrene many months previously. The tumor is now in its 5th generation, after 15 months. The growths it forms are of Type A. All of the papillomas are functioning tumors, with their own cells as the functioning product. Their papilliferous shape, when on the skin, is due solely to inability of their cells to gain space in other ways. Intrinsically they are keratomas. The papillomas do well after transfer to deep situations because the growth of their cells is indirectly promoted, through favoring local conditions. No direct promotion takes place like that when the cells of prostatic and mammary tumors are stimulated to multiply by hormones. Doubtless many agents act in both ways, that is to say by dual promotion.


Studies of hemolysis of red blood cells by mumps virus. III. Alterations in lipoproteins of the red blood cell wall. Evidence from microscopic studies indicates that hemolysis caused by the mumps virus hemolysin is a chemical type of hemolysis. Chromatographic analyses of the reaction mixture of erythrocytes and mumps virus following hemolysis indicate that hemolysis is not due to the action of a lecithinase A and that lysolecithin does not play a part in this process. The alteration of a component of the erythrocyte similar to sphingomyelin suggests that some of the phosphatides other than lecithin may be either directly or indirectly affected in the process of hemolysis of red blood cells by the mumps virus.