Rate of rise in extracellular potassium in the ischemic rat brain and the effect of preischemic metabolic rate: evidence for a specific effect of phenobarbitone.


Possible molecular mechanisms of barbiturate-mediated protection in regional cerebral ischemia.


Antioxidant effects of barbiturates in model membranes undergoing free radical damage.


Effect of hyperventilation associated with administration of central nervous depressants in brain injuries.


Barbiturate control of intracranial hypertension in head injury and other conditions: iatrogenic coma.


Barbiturates for protection from cerebral ischemia in aneurysm surgery.


The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on cerebral infarction in the Mongolian gerbil.


Follow up study of cerebral ischemia with computed tomography (C.T. Acta scanner).


Effects of carbon dioxide on collateral circulation in the brain.


Aminophylline and stroke.

Aminophylline and stroke.


Studies of regional cerebral blood flow in stroke patients with focal cerebral disorders of the minor hemisphere.


Vascular reactivity with althesin (R) in focal cerebral ischemia.


Antihypertensive therapy in stroke patients.


Non-invasive, long-term, serial studies of rCBF in acute head injury.


133-Xe inhalation method: rCBF indices for total volume flow, normalized flow rate, and tissue volume perfused in acute stroke compared with findings of computer-assisted tomography.


Oxygen-15 by inhalation in the investigation of cerebral neoplasms.


Non-invasive study of the metabolism-to-blood flow relationship in Parkinson's disease.


Measurement of rCBE and rCMRO2 by continuous inhalation of 15O-labeled CO2 and O2.


Three-dimensional in vivo mapping of brain metabolism and acid-base status.


Measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolism in man with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose.


Initial clinical experience with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose for determination of local cerebral glucose utilization by emission computed tomography.


Noninvasive 133XE inhalation measurements of regional cerebral blood flow in migraine and related headaches.


Serial rCBF determinations during classic migraine.


Low and fast components of cerebral blood flow during and after migraine attacks. Reactivity to metabolic depression.


Role of local tissue hypoxia in the vasodilation of hypotension and arterial hypoxemia.


Metabolism prediction and simultaneous measurement of PO2 and flow at the same locus during seizures and barbiturate suppression of EEG.


Adenosine in rat cerebral cortex during hypoxia and bicuculline-induced seizures.


Cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization in rats during bicuculline-induced seizures. Effects of substrate depletion.


Blood-brain barrier permeability to protein during epileptic seizures in the rat.


Reduction of seizure-induced cerebral vasodilation by increased local delivery of oxygen.


Neuronal activity and focal flow in experimental seizures.


Cerebral blood flow, glucose utilization and oxidative metabolism after bilateral reticular formation lesions.


A model of diaschisis in the cat using middle cerebral artery occlusion.


Cerebral blood flow in acute experimental stroke in rats.


Cerebral blood flow response in non affected hemisphere of patients with acute cerebral infarction.


The relationship between regional oxygen utilization and cerebral blood flow in multi-infarct dementia.


The average rCBF pattern of resting consciousness studied with a new colour display system.


Coupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism following somato-sensory stimulation in rabbits.


A blood flow increase in response to a visual stimulus in the awake isolated cerebrum.


Functional reactivity of cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular pathology.


Metabolism and local blood flow in deep brain structures during anestic activity in man.


Mapping of human cerebral functions: a study of the regional cerebral blood flow pattern during rest, its reproducibility and the activations seen during basic sensory and motor functions.


The differing rCBF responses to left and right hand movement, with comparison of several flow indices.


Changes of cerebral activation patterns during habituation to mental testing.


The pattern of cortical activity provoked by listening and speech revealed by rCBF measurements.


rCBF in aphasia.

rCBF in aphasia.


The time course of the cerebrovascular response to transient hypoxia and to transient haemorrhagic hypotension.


Cerebral circulatory responses to hypoxic hypoxia and carbon monoxide hypoxia in carotid baroreceptor and chemoreceptor denervated dogs.


Evidence for a double cholinergic mechanism capable of reducing the tone of cerebral arteries.


Influence of cholinergic receptors on cerebral blood flow of the goat.


Nonparticipation of cholinergic mechanism in chemical control of cerebral vasomotor activity.


Variations in resistance of larger and smaller parts of cerebral arteries with CO2 inhalation, exsanguination, and vasodilator administration.


Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow.


Intracranial pressure and cerebral compliance during hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside.


CBF in hemorrhagic VS nitroprusside induced hypotension.


CBF autoregulatory capacity during aneurysm surgery with induced hypotension.


Changes in sensitivity of cerebral vessels to noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the presence of subarachnoid blood.


Escape of isolated cerebral artery segments from serotonin-induced contractions.


The effect of noradrenaline on spinal cord blood flow.


Focal cerebral ischemia caused by spasms of intracerebral arterioles.


The role of sympathetic nerve and vasoactive amines in cerebral vasospasm.


Cerebral blood flow, angiographic cerebral vasospasm, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Effects of CSF-drainage on CBF and CBV in subarachnoid hemorrhage and communicating hydrocephalus.


Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and amino acids in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after shunting and in normal subjects.


Cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume in patients with sub-arachnoid haemorrhage.


Role of noradrenergic system in cerebral arterial spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.


CBF and metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy: effects of acute hyperammoneamia and of L. dopa.


Biochemical and behavioral disturbances induced by hypoxic hypoxia in rats.


The effect of hypobaric hypoxia on cerebral uptake of 3H deoxyglucose and norepinephrine turn over rate in rats.


Epicerebral arterial occlusion in the dog.


The watershed area following microvascular anastomosis.


Pharmacological actions on hypoxic increase of cortical extracellular K+ ion: doesn't it explain cerebrovascular effects of some drugs in hypoxia?


Defective protein metabolism in the ischemic gerbil brain.


Causes of the low flow state following total cerebral ischemia.


Barbiturate loading following prolonged ischemia of the cat brain.


Effect of levodopa or glycerol on experimental cerebral infarction.


In vivo evaluation of histamine receptors at pial arteries.


Immunohistochemical demonstration of vasodilatory peptidergic nerves in brain.


The effect of local changes in calcium concentration on hypothalamic blood flow in the anaesthetized rabbit.


The effect of pial perivascular chloride on the diameters of small pial arteries.


Further studies of the role of geometry of arterial system of the brain in "breakthrough" of cerebral blood flow autoregulation.


Pial vessel reactions in acute arterial hypertension and their relation to the origin of brain edema.


Capillary permeability in cold induced cerebral edema.


Time course of the effects of cervical sympathetic stimulation on local CBF: evidence for an escape phenomenon.


Longterm prognosis and CBF measurement in cerebrovascular ischemia.


Increase of white matter flow in one case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - luxury perfusion syndrome in white matter?


Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in moyamoya disease (occlusion of the circle of Willis).


Cerebrovascular autoregulation and reactivity in primary neuropathic orthostatic hypotension.


The cerebral hemodynamic effect of Vincamine.


Effect of Vincamine on CBF under pharmacokinetic aspects.


CBF in elderly with chronic cerebral involvement.


Relationship between cerebral blood flow and EEG frequency content in patients with acute brain ischemia.


Effects of brain trauma on undamaged cerebral microvessels.


Effects of sympathetic nerves on the regulation of cerebral blood flow during hemorrhagic hypotension in awake and anesthetized dogs.


The effect of salicylate on cerebral blood flow in man.


Cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism in the newborn dog.


Local cerebral blood flow sensitivity to carbon dioxide in newborn and adult dogs.


Low cerebral blood flow in the hypotensive distressed newborn.


Advantages of 2-14C glucose for regional cerebral glucose utilization.


Continuous intra-cerebral PO2 and PCO2 measurements by mass spectrometry: study of the influence of vasoactive drugs.


Normotensive hemorrhage and cerebral blood flow.


Functional image of regional cerebral blood flow (method and clinical applications).


Ischemic patterns of cerebral vascular disease assessed with 81mKr.


Positron tomography: "in vivo" autoradiographic approach to measurement of cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism.


Krypton-77 positron emission tomography for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in a cross section of the head.


The time course and distribution of 11C in brain following intravenous injection of 11C-glucose.


Non-invasive, infra-red monitoring of cerebral O2 sufficiency, bloodvolume, HbO2-Hb shifts and bloodflow.


Improved spatial resolution of ringdetector positron camera systems.


2- and 3-D mapping of the redox state in vivo. Recording of a hypoxic insult in the rat brain.


Cerebral blood flow autoregulation to acutely increasing blood pressure during sympathetic stimulation.


Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by intravenous injection of 133Xe.


Methodological shortcoming of the 133Xe inhalation technique of measuring rCBF.


The precision of flow estimates in a clinical study of stroke patients.


The rise time in intravenous regional cerebral blood flow measurements (I.V. rCBF).


Compensating for hemisphere cross-talk when measuring CBF.


An intravenous radioisotope method for measuring rCBF and rCBV.


Noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in TIA's and stroke due to carotid and vertebrobasilar disease.


Testing cerebrovascular functional reserve using 133Xe inhalation measurements of regional cerebral blood flow in health and disease.


Regional changes of cerebral blood flow during haloperidol therapy in patients with paranoid symptoms.


Regional cerebral blood flow during alcohol withdrawal related to consumption and clinical symptomatology.


Regional cerebral blood flow in children with stroke secondary to sickle cell vascular disease.


CBF measurement in man by injection/inhalation of 133XE.


Heterogeneity of the capillary flow in the brain.


Water filtration and diffusion across the blood brain barrier in man.


Multimodality evoked potentials and CBF in patients with severe head injury.


Role of perivascular sympathetic nerves in autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and in blood-brain barrier functions.


Cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure during hypocapnic halothane anesthesia in brain tumor patients.


Influence of brain tissue pressure gradients on CBF distribution studied by single-dye-passage technique in cerebral cryogenic injury.


Oxygen tension on the brain surface during hypotension induced by haemorrhage, trimetaphan or sodium nitroprusside.


Comparison of glucose metabolism in normal brain and edematous brain surrounding an experimental brain neoplasm.


"False" autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in patients with acute severe head injury.


Effect of respiratory status on intracranial space.


EEG, cerebral metabolic disorder and intracranial pressure in experimental brain edema before and after therapy.


Clinical and experimental brain retraction pressure monitoring.


Regional cerebral blood flow alterations remote from the site of intracranial tumors.


Hemispheric pattern at rest and while reading in the normal adult, the normal child and the blind: a quantitative rheoencephalographic investigation.


Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary conjugate eye movements in man.


Relationships between functional cerebral restitution and cerebral circulation in repeated studies of regional cerebral blood flow in stroke patients.


Regional cerebral blood flow during naming test in patients with speech disorders.


Blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in the course of acute schizophrenia.


Regulation of total and regional spinal cord blood flow.


Regional cerebral blood flow increase due to treatment of somatosensory and auditive information in man.


The role of different cortical areas in the organization of voluntary movements in man. A regional cerebral blood flow study.


Assessment of rapid changes in local cerebral blood volume and cortical redox state during autoregulation.


Influence of anesthetic agents on blood-brain barrier function during acute hypertension.


Amphetamine-induced increase of the cerebrovascular permeability to protein.


Patterns of cerebral dysautoregulation in severe hypertension to blood pressure reduction with diazoxide.


Effects of haemorrhagic hypotension on the cerebral circulation.


Effect of carotid artery ligation on regional cerebral blood flow in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.


"CBE studies in hypertensive patients during acute controlled hypotension and after a period of medical treatment. Pathophysiological and clinical correlations".


Aspects on the functional anatomy of the central catecholamine systems.


Catecholaminergic systems in the brain.

Catecholaminergic systems in the brain.


Regional brain uptake of exogenous noradrenaline, and its effect on local cerebral blood flow after osmotic or mechanical opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats.


Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate in arterial hypoxia and in immobilization stress.


The effect of chlorhexidine and some other detergents on the activity of dextransucrase from Streptococcus mutans. The inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine and other bis-biguanides on the formation of dental plaque is not fully understood. The present paper describes the effect of chlorhexidine and some selected detergents on the activity of dextransucrase (EC 2.4.1.5.), an enzyme involved in the formation of important components of dental plaque. All detergents examined exerted an inhibitory effect on dextransucrase activity, to some degree dependent on the presence of charged groups and their characters. The high concentrations of chlorhexidine necessary to inhibit dextransucrase activity seem to exclude the possibility that chlorhexidine exerts its plaque inhibiting effect by means of an effect on dextransucrase.


The effect of muscle function in discriminating thickness differences interocclusally and the duration of the perceptive memory. The thresholds in discriminating the thickness differences interocclusally were measured with three different mouth openings on subjects having natural dentitions. Also the duration of the perceptive memory was studied. The results showed that the functional activation or fatiguing of masticatory muscles and the degree of mouth opening affect size discrimination interocclusally. The ability to perceive thickness differences between the incisors was more accurate after 1 hour's chewing than normally. The trend was significant with 0.5 mm and 10 mm mouth openings (2 P less than 0.01) and highly significant with an 20 mm mouth opening (2 P less than 0.001). With a 20 mm mouth opening (2 P less than 0.01) and 10 mm mouth opening (2 P less than 0.05) size discrimination was less accurate after two hours' fatiguing chewing than after one hour's conventional chewing. After 30 seconds' forceful isometric contraction and with 20 mm mouth opening discrimination was more accurate than normally (2 P less than 0.01). The trend was the same with a 10 mm mouth opening, but no difference could be observed when the mouth opening was 0.5 mm. The memory tests showed that with a 0.5 mm mouth opening thickness differences of 0.3-0.5 mm were most commonly correctly perceived twenty-four hours later, but when the mouth openings were 10 and 20 mm an interval of only 1 min between the reference and test piece trial impaired the performance.


Intra-examiner reliability of epidemiologic registrations of malocclusion. Intra-examiner consistency in the recording of single traits of malocclusion according to a previously described method was assessed by duplicate registrations on study models of 292 children. The level of agreement was expressed by the consistency ratio and the phi coefficient. A high level of consistency was obtained for most of the malocclusion traits, and it was concluded that the method employed is appropriate also for analyses of interrelations between these traits.


Arthrosis and deviation in form in the temporomandibular joint. A macroscopic study on a human autopsy material. The right TMJ from 115 individuals, aged 1 day--93 years, were examined macroscopically regarding the occurrence of deviation in form and arthrosis in the three articulating joint components. The changes were classified according to extent. In addition, the depth of the arthrotic lesions was determined. Nearly half (48 of 102) of the adult TMJs revealed some form of change. No changes in the joint surfaces were noted from individuals under 20 years of age. Deviations in form occurred in 45 of the 48 affected joints and arthrosis in 24. The deviations in form were most common in the condyle while arthrotic lesions were noted mainly in the disk and temporal component of the joint. The changes were usually local in nature and located in the lateral one-third of the joint.


Contraction stresses of composite resin filling materials. The polymerization shrinkage of composite resin filling materials and the tensile stresses developed when the shrinkage is restrained were measured in an in vitro experiment. This allows an estimation to be made of the forces exerted upon the enamel walls of cavities filled with the resin in the acid etch technique. The results indicate that the stresses acting on the enamel are low compared to the tensile strength of the enamel.


Subjective symptoms in temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis. Questionnaires about subjective symptoms were sent by post to 120 patients referred to the clinic for mandibular dysfunction. A group of 20 patients with crepitation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and a group of 19 patients with palpatory tenderness of the TMJ were compared with a reference group of 29 patients for any difference in local subjective symptoms, frequency of headache and symptoms in other joints. The patients with TMJ crepitation, which were considered to have TMJ osteoarthrosis, were older and reported a higher frequency of grating sound from the TMJ than the patients in the reference group. The patients with palpatory tenderness of the TMJ reported a higher frequency of toothgrinding, more severe symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and a higher frequency of symptoms in the hand joints. No correlation was found between subjective symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and those of other joints. The results of the study indicate that patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis do not differ from other patients with mandibular dysfunction with respect to subjective symptoms and that subjective symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in general develop independently of those in other joints.


Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function during the injection of adriamycin. Echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular function in 8 children treated with adriamycin for malignant disease. Preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and percent change in left ventricular internal dimension with systole (delta LVID) were measured before, during and immediately after 22 injections of adriamycin as well as 14 injections of other cytotoxic drugs and physiologic saline. No immediate effects on left ventricular function could be discerned. When functional parameters were evaluated longitudinally in patients with relatively higher cumulative doses of adriamycin, percent change in left ventricular internal dimension with systole showed some tendency to decrease, while the other parameters remained essentially unchanged.


The effect of immunotherapy with BCG on the development of radiostrontium (90Sr)-induced osteosarcoma. The development of radiostrontium-induced osteosarcoma was studied in BCG-treated and in untreated control mice. Within the observation period of 420 days after the administration of radiostrontium there was a total tumour-incidence of 89.5 and 90.5 per cent for the respective groups of animals. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, neither with regard to the time of the first roentgenographic appearance of the osteosarcoma, nor concerning the total tumour incidence , nor with regard to the distribution of the primary sites of the tumours. The tumours of the BCG-treated animals showed a clear tendency to a slower growth rate in comparison to that of the tumours in the control animals. This effect was probably immunological in nature. The mortality in osteosarcoma following radiostrontium administration, however, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Light microscopical and ultrastructural examination did not disclose any clear structural difference between the tumours from BCG-treated and untreated control animals.


Aspects of cardiovascular reflex control in man. An experimental study.


Technics and ethics in managing acute leukemia.


The prevention of hypertension.

The prevention of hypertension. Our way to prevention is to find a list of traits known to be predictors of elevated blood pressure. This list of predictors offers means for the early identification of susceptibile persons. Years of experience in preventive work indicate that such identification is always useful for developing preventive programmes, since it gives a focus for action (5). Most of the predictors show possible ways in which action could be directed towards prevention of hypertension and reduction of elevated blood pressure. We will focus on salt, control of obesity, physical exercise, and meditation. We would like to discuss preventive aspects of hypertension and the possibility of treating with other methods than drugs.


Treatment of hypertension in the community. A preliminary report.


Long-term aspects on essential hypertension. Hypertension has been found to imply a disease entity since the beginning of this century. Effective treatment available in the last two decades has changed the outlook remarkably, especially in malignant hypertension. There are more and more evidence that less severe forms of hypertension will benefit from keeping the blood pressure under control.


Patient compliance.

Patient compliance.


Central haemodynamics in essential hypertension.


Haemodynamic effects of pindolol in hypertensive patients. Five men and five women, mean age 48 years, with hypertension in stages I or II of the WHO classification, were given preoral treatment with pindolol. The pindolol treatment lead a significant decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, at rest and during work both after 2 months and after 16 months treatment. Three mechanisms seem to be involved in the antihypertensive effect of pindolol: 1) a negative chronotropic effect on the heart, 2) a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and 3) an increase in venous capacitance affecting the venous return. Comparison of the results after 2 and after 16 months of treatment suggests that a decrease in cardiac output is an early mechanism in the lowering of the blood pressure, while a decrease in vascular resistance seems to be more important after long-term treatment with pindolol.


Once a day treatment of hypertension.

Once a day treatment of hypertension. Two studies are presented on the possibility of treating hypertension with pindolol once daily. In the first one, patients already treated with multiple doses of pindolol, propranolol or alprenolol were shifted to single dose regime with pindolol, given in the morning. In most cases an adequate blood pressure control could be maintained on a dose of up to 20 mg pindolol. In the other study, previously untreated patients with mild to moderate hypertension were treated from the beginning with a single dose of pindolol. An adequate pressure control was also obtained in most of these patients with a dose not surpassing 20 mg pindolol once daily. In non-responders, the addition of a once daily dose of a diuretic resulted in an adequate pressure control. In both studies side-effects were few. The absence of sleep disturbances and beta-blocker induced bradycardia was particularly noteworthy.


Future development in the field of hypertension.


Dopamine receptor stimulants in hypertension.


Intrauterine growth retardation following third-trimester exposure to busulfan.


Treatment results with the Begg technique.


Effects of rotational jaw growth on the occlusion and profile.


Postoperative stabilization and intrusion of midface osteotomies with high-pull headgear. The two cases presented here illustrate advantageous uses of orthopedic-type craniomandibular headgear. Both cases demonstrate the use of headgear for postoperative cephalad movement of the maxilla. In Case 1 the use of headgear accomplished 6 mm. of anterior maxillary cephalad movement and 3.5 mm. of posterior maxillary cephalad movement. In Case 2 the use of postoperative headgear accomplished 8 mm. of anterior maxillary cephaled movement and 6.25 mm. of posterior maxillary cephalad movement. Table I indicates the duration of intermaxillary immobilization and the ensuing time that the cranial traction appliance was used. Fig. 10 illustrates the profile changes for Cases 1 and 2.


Force-extension characteristics of orthodontic elastics. The force-extension characteristics for a wide range of elastics were determined. It was found that (1) selection of elastics were determined. It was found that (1) selection of elastics based on 3 x lumen size will probably result in more force being generated than was previously reported, (2) there is very little difference seen in force-extension characteristics when the two manufacturers' elastics are compared, and (3) for experimental purposes, elastic testing can be done in the dry state for force-extension characteristic studies. This investigation has shown that stretching an orthodontic elastic to twice its original lumen diameter produces a force which better represents the manufacturer's expected value. Keeping these principles in mind, a more effective tooth-moving force can be realized, enabling the clinician to properly select orthodontic elastics for intra- and intermaxillary biomechanical procedures.


Accurate arch-discrepancy measurements.

Accurate arch-discrepancy measurements. A new technique for accurately measuring tooth-to-arch-length discrepancies according to the ideal arch form is discussed. The armamentarium for making these measurements is explained, and the technique is demonstrated. Clearly, this is an important part of orthodontic diagnosis, and there is a need for greater accuracy than that which techniques of the past have made possible.


A longitudinal study of dental arch growth. Changes in dental arch size and form were assessed by means of univariate and multivariate analysis in a longitudinal study of children between 2 and 10 years of age. The multivariate analysis served to assess the arches as a biologic whole rather than as a series of independent dimensions. Dental arches do not seem to undergo a steady rate of change up to the age of 10 years. In the arches anterior to the first permanent molars, peaks of growth occur between 2 and 3 years and 7 and 8 years in the maxilla, and between 2 and 3 years and 5 and 6 years in the mandible. In the arches, including the first permanent molars, peaks of growth occur between 6 and 8 years in the maxilla and between 9 and 10 years in the mandible.


Your future in orthodontics-manpower.

Your future in orthodontics-manpower.


Advocacy.

Advocacy.


Dentoalveolar morphology in relation to craniocervical posture. The associations between dentoalveolar morphology and the posture of the head and the cervical column were studied in a sample of 120 Danish male students aged 22-30 years. Two head positions were recorded on lateral cephalometric radiographs, one determined by the subjects's own feeling of a natural head balance (self balance position) and the other by the subject looking straight into a mirror (mirror position). Dentoalveolar morphology was described by 17 linear and angular variables and postural relationships by 18 angular variables. The position of the head in relation to the cervical column showed positive correlations with the anterior upper and lower dentoalveolar heights and with the inclinations of the upper and lower occlusal planes. These correlations were considered to reflect the dentoalveolar compensatory adaptation to the variation in vertical jaw relationship, which in a previous study had been found to be associated with craniocervical angulation. No associations were observed between craniocervical angulation and alveolar prognathism or incisor inclination. This was in accordance with the previous findings of a lack of associations between sagittal jaw relationship and craniocervical angulation.


The etiology and prediction of mandibular third molar impaction. 1. Skeletal Class II dental base relationship with a shorter, narrower, more acute angled madible was found in association with impacted third molars, compared with erupted teeth. 2. These differences were found at age 18+ years but were less obvious at age 10 to 11 years. 3. There was a reduced amount of mandibular growth in impacted third molar cases. 4. There was a slight tendency for impacted third molars to be larger than those which erupted. 5. The presence of a space between second and third molars in the early stages of development is not an indication that the third molar will erupt. 6. The developmental angulation of the third molar to the mandibular plane was higher in the impacted third molar group. 7. Accurate prediction of third molar impaction from radiographic measurements is not possible at age 10 to 11 years.


Proplast genioplasty: a retrospective study with treatment recommendations. The treatment results in 31 consecutive patients treated with Proplast for chin augmentation show good clinical succes with the implant. A critical analysis of treatment results reveals that attention to certain details of the preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, and postoperative care can make for impressive results. These facts are discussed.


A method to obtain maximum profile improvement for gross facial disharmonies.


Cases six years postretention.

Cases six years postretention. 1. The cuspid width is most likely to decrease after treatment (9 of 11) although on occasion a slight increase (2 of 11) was maintained. 2. The molar width is apt to decrease from the beginning of treatment through the postretention period. 3. The cephalometric measurements studied in this sample of good stable occlusions coincided with with the norms and ranges as used by R.M. 4. The age changes of the various cephalometric measurements also agreed with the age changes that R.M. utilize. 5. Lower arch crowding may be due to multiple factors of expanded cuspids, protrusive and labially inclined mandibular incisors, and late skeletal growth changes.


The flomasta. A new anaesthetic ventilator. A new ventilator for use during anaesthesia is described. It operates as a minute-volume divider and derives its power from the energy stored in a distended reservoir bag. The unit is autoclavable, suitable for use with explosive anaesthetics and has a rational control system which avoids many of the hazards associated with other ventilators when the mode of ventilation is changed. The nature of the inspired gas mixture is known accurately because the internal volume of the ventilator is small and the system is non-rebreathing. The design of the exhaust system facilitates ventilation monitoring, the use of positive end-expiratory pressure and connection to ducted pollution-control systems.


Factors of human skeletal craniofacial morphology. Thirty cephalometric measurements representing craniofacial depth, height, and width were obtained from lateral and posterior rediographs of 66 boys, 8 years of age. A multivariate factor analysis was performed on these measurements in an effort to locate specific areas of variability within the craniofacial complex. Twelve uncorrelated factors were extracted which account for 91% of the total variance and these were identified as: 1) retrognathic facial type, 2) anterior dentoalveolar height, 3) maxillary body length, 4) cranial base and facial width, 5) mandibular ramus height, 6) anterior maxillary body height, 7) mandibular length, 8) cranial vault height, 9) vertical position of the condyles, 10) cranial vault and clivus length, 11) bigonial width, and 12) cranial vault width.


The effect of central nervous system stimulants on Tourette syndrome. A survey of patients with  Tourette syndrome uncovered 32 who had been exposed to central nervous system stimulants. In 17 (53%) of these patients, symptoms were markedly accentuated by the drugs. Two patients whose Tourette syndrome developed suddenly when methylphenidate was administered are also reported.


Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: characterization of extraction and assay conditions from human and calf tissue.


Hydroxyurea in the prevention of the effects of leukostasis in acute leukemia. Hydroxyurea was administered orally to prevent the effects of leukostasis in adults with acute leukemia who had peripheral blast cell counts greater than 100,000/cu mm. A single oral dose of 50 to 100 mg/kg was given daily until the absolute blast cell count decreased to less than 100,000/cu mm. Hydroxyurea was effective in rapidly lowering the blast cell count by an average of 50% after one dose in each of ten episodes. No patient developed symptoms or signs of the leukostasis syndrome, and no side effects directly attributable to hydroxyurea were observed. The leukostasis syndrome associated with very high blast cell counts in adults with acute leukemia can be avoided by the use of hydroxyurea in the manner described. This treatment can be particularly useful in the interval before consultation or referral and prior to the cytotoxic effect of definitive induction chemotherapy.


Prostaglandins and postmaturity.

Prostaglandins and postmaturity.


Selective inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) by adenosine ribonucleoside triphosphate (ATP) and its application in the detection of TdT in human leukemia.


Defence needs for the 1980's.

Defence needs for the 1980's.


Mouth protectors.

Mouth protectors.


A longitudinal study of dental restorations.


The educational number.

The educational number.


Respiratory diseases.

Respiratory diseases.


The motivation of students in a London dental school and some of their reactions to the B.D.S. course.


Extra-mural experience for undergraduate dental students.


Problem situation teaching in oral surgery.


Television in the teaching of dental public health. An experiment within the University of London.


Training for general dental practice. A pilot experiment.


Stomatological education in the U.S.S.R.


Eighteenth Report of the Dental Rates Study Group.


The practice of dentistry.

The practice of dentistry.


The general dental council.

The general dental council.


Closed shop?

Closed shop?


The diagnosis and management of sudden collapse in dental practice. Part 1. The incidence of emergencies.


Upper gastro-intestinal disorders.

Upper gastro-intestinal disorders.


Edentulousness and attendance patterns in England and Wales 1968-1977.


Responses to periodontal services.

Responses to periodontal services.


A visit to Nepal.

A visit to Nepal.


Cytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution in 5q- anemia. The clinical homogeneity of myeloproliferative syndromes associated with a 5 q- marker can be contested, but nevertheless finds support in the 2 case reports we have cited. One of these observations of refractory anemia with partial myeloblastosis and 5 q- marker has shown a transformation into an acute myelomonocytic leukemia with clonal chromosomal evolution.


Initial prognostic factors and lymphoblast-erythrocyte rosette formation in 109 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone marrow lymphoblasts from 109 children admitted with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were tested for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. Twenty-six children (24%) had lymphoblasts that formed rosettes (E+). Of 13 initial clinical characteristics, 8 were significantly associated with E+ lymphoblasts: mediastinal enlargement (86% of patients E+), leukocyte counts over 100 X 10(9)/liter (65% E+), nodes greater than 2 cm in any diameter (65% E+), age over 5 yr (46% E+), hemoglobin over 8 g/dl (44% E+), hepatomegaly greater than 5 cm (38% E+), boys (35% E+), and lymph node enlargement outside of the cervical area (28% E+). Spleen size, initial platelet counts, and periodic acid-Schiff scores did not distinguish E+ from E- patients. Since few patients were black and few presented with central nervous system leukemia, the association of these two characteristics with E+ blasts could not be determined. A hierarchical classification scheme and a linear logistic regression model were used to define the patterns of characteristics associated with E+ lymphoblasts. The initial clinical characteristics and the poorer course of E+ patients suggest that ALL comprises at least two biologically and clinically distinct types. The E+ ALL may result from a leukemic transformation of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XXIV. Unusual and complex Ph1 translocations and their clinical significance.


Globin synthesis in mouse erythroleukemia cells in vitro: a switch in beta chains due to inducing agent. Friend erythroleukemia cells, originally derived from DBA/2 mice, differentiate when cultured with inducing agents. Studies of the different effects of inducing agents on clone 745 have revealed that both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hemin produce benzidine-positive cells. Butyric acid produced mature but benzidine-negative cells in this clone. All agents induced globin synthesis above the 0.1% of protein synthesis found in uninduced cells. DMSO induction stimulated globin synthesis 9%, hemin 2%, and butyric acid 3%. Total beta/alpha ratios were approximately unity with all agents. Although the inducing agents all stimulated total globin synthesis in Friend cells, the relative rates of synthesis of the two mouse beta chains were affected differently by the various agents. Hemin markedly increased the proportion of beta minor. For example, DBA/2 mouse reticulocytes synthesized 20% beta minor and 80% beta major. DMSO induction of clone 745 caused 20%-33% synthesis of beta minor. In contrast, hemin increased the proportion of beta minor to 64%-69%. Thus the Friend erythroleukemia cell system provides an in vitro approach to the study of the regulation of globin-chain switching.


The media and nutrition: focus on television.


Dermatoglyphic analysis: anthropological and medical aspects.


Toward a noninvasive diagnosis of disturbed arterial flow.


Psychogeriatric care as a specialized discipline in medicine.


Polymeric fixation and ultrasonic assessment of fractures and healing.


Effect of flame-retardant fabrics on diagnostic radiographs.


Changing patterns of breast cancer.

Changing patterns of breast cancer.


Method to quantify uptake of radiophosphorus in therapy of metastatic bone disease using 99Tcm radiophosphate.


Leukapheresis for papilloedema in chronic granulocytic leukaemia.


Gastrointestinal symptoms of digoxin toxicity.


Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions. A scanning electron microscopic study. Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions was studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Benign and malignant ossification were examined in cases of myositis ossificans, ossifying fibroma, osteoid osteoma, and osteosarcoma, Resorption of bone due to invasion by non-ossifying tumors was found in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ameloblastoma, and multiple myeloma. Bone formation due to excessive production of growth hormone was studied in a case of acromegaly. Resorption of bone due to pathologic processes resembled the pattern found in surfaces which were undergoing resorption by osteoclasts. Lamelar-cortical bone formation in acromegally was similar in nature to normal bone. The deformities were rleated to the excessive continuous osteogenesis that occurs in these instances. Neoplastic ossification was characterized by calcifying globules, the diameters of which ranged from 1 to 3 micron. The surfaces of these globules were constructed of minute calcospherites with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 micron. It is suggested that the pattern of globular calcification is similar to the type that was found with the SEM in fetal bone and cartilage, during healing of fractured bone, and also with the TEM in normal and pathologic calcification.


Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XXIII. Near-haploidy in acute leukemia. A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a near-haploid (27 chromosomes) leukemic cell population in the marrow has been described and the findings compared to those of the only other such case in the literature. In both cases the cells with 27 chromosomes, except for one chromosomal group, had karyotypic findings which were identical. Cells with 54 chromosomes, karyotypically exact duplicates of the cells with 27 chromosomes, were also encountered; on morphological basis it appeared that the marrow contained large and small lymphoblasts, possibly matching the metaphases with 54 and 27 chromosomes, respectively. The genesis of the cells with 27 chromosomes was uncertain and several postulates are discussed, as well as the relation of the findings to the cytogenetic observations encountered in ALL and their possible role in human leukemogenesis.


Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XXVI. Binding studies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Chromosomes were studied in the bone marrow cells of 101 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) hospitalized at or attending the clinics of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) between January, 1968, and December, 1976. Aneuploidy was observed in about 50% (54/101) of the cases. Two cases were hypodiploid and the remaining were either pseudo or hyperdiploid. The frequency of abnormalities and the chromosomal numbers were similar to those of 106 cases studied in our laboratory prior to 1968. Of 50 recently unselected cases of ALL in whom Q- and G-banded karyotypes were attempted, 31 were successfully analyzed with these techniques. The banding patterns revealed 16 cases to have chromosome abnormalities and four of these to have a similar abnormality, i.e., partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome no. 6: two cases had a 6q- with additional abnormalities and two had 6q- as the sole karyotypic abnormality. The breakpoint in chromosome no. 6 seemed to involve a segment from q21 to q25. An isochromosome of the long arm of no. 7, i(7q), was observed in two cases, two additional no. 21 chromosomes were observed in five cases and, except for the Y, all other chromosomes participated in the karyotypic changes encountered in the 16 cases in which banding analyses were performed. Banding analysis has afforded the first reliable approach towards ascertaining karyotypic evolution in ALL, which was achieved in eight cases of the present study. The chromosomes contributing to this karyotypic evolution were distributed widely. Thus, all chromosomes except the Y participated in numerical and/or structural karyotypic changes. Even though nonrandom chromosome changes may occur early in ALL, the pristine prototypic picture of the karyotypes in ALL is often obfuscated by successive chromosomal changes and hyperdiploidy by the time the karyotypes are analyzed in this condition. Further cytogenetic studies are required, with special attention to karyotypic evolution, in order to uncover the significance of chromosomal changes in early and late ALL.


Disseminated atypical tuberculosis-antedating the clinical onset of neoplasia. Two cases of disseminated atypical tuberculosis are presented in which the infection anteceded by over four years the development of acute granulocytic leukemia on one and Hodgkin's Disease in the other patient. The presence of disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis in the absence of a clearcut underlying illness suggests a "preneoplastic state." It should alert the clinician to the possibility of a neoplastic disorder which may not become clinically manifest for several years.


Adult acute leukemia: frequency of central system involvement in long term survivors. The incidence and frequency of CNS relapses in long term surviving adults, age eighteen and over, covering the period 1967-1972, were presented. Four of 20 patients with ANLL and 12 of 24 patients with ALL were demonstrated to have CNS leukemia during the course of their illness. The onset of neurologic manifestation in three of four ANLL patients with CNS leukemia was observed within three months of the diagnosis, whereas it was delayed to 6-12 months interval in eight of 12 ALL patients. CNS relapses, a major determinant for CNS prophylactic and maintenance therapy, were observed in 75% of the patients with ALL and none in ANLL patients who were treated with I.T. chemotherapy and cranial radiation of 2000 R. Therefore, our observation suggests that CNS prophylactic and maintenance therapy should be of value in adults with ALL as in children; whereas, in ANLL, further observation is warranted before any definite therapy can be advocated.


Prolonged remission of leukemia associated with polycythemia vera. A patient with polycythemia vera (PV) received successive treatment by phlebotomies, radioactive phosphorus, myleran and cyclophosphamide. Sixteen years after the diagnosis, he developed acute myeloblastic leukemia. A complete remission was achieved following two courses of COAP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Cytosine Arabinoside, and prednisone) therapy. Four months later, while still in leukemic remission, he became mildly polycythemic again and the treatment with phlebotomies and cyclophosphamide was resume. The patient has subsequently been in complete remission of leukemia for over three years and his polycythemia is controlled by small doses of cyclophosphamide. This appears to be a unique case of such a prolonged remission of leukemia in the course of PV, with a return to a mild polycythemia state.


Intraosseous well-differentiated osteosarcoma. A series of 27 patients with intramedullary osteogenic sarcomas that were so well-differentiated histologically as to be confused with benign lesions was studied. Of the 27 patients, 14 were females and 13 were males, and most were adults. The tibia and femur were involved commonly. Roentgenographically, the tumors showed a mixture of sclerosis and lysis with poor margination. However, they lacked the highly destructive appearance of high-grade osteosarcomas. Histologically, spindle cells with minimal cytologic atypia were arranged in interlacing bundles. Mitotic figures were scarce. The amount of osteoid was variable, commonly being abundant. With recurrence, three tumors became highly anaplastic. Excision of tumor almost invariably led to recurrences. Resection or amputation has led to good results in seven patients. Only three of the 27 patients died with metastatic tumor; one patient is alive with metastasis. Central low-grade osteosarcomas have been misdiagnosed frequently and hence treated inadequately. Careful roentgenographic and histologic correlation is required to make the diagnosis.


Cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine in the treatment of childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia. Twenty children with acute myeloblastic leukemia were given induction and maintenance regimens combining cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and 6-thioguanine (TG). Two died before completing induction therapy and were considered unevaluable. Of the 18 remaining patients, 3 died shortly after induction, 2 had no response, 1 had a partial response and 12 (66%) had a complete remission (CR) lasting 4 to 68 months. Six still survive: two in their initial CR and four who relapsed but were reinduced to CR. Although no prophylactic central nervous system (CNS) therapy was given, only one patient has developed CNS involvement after diagnosis. Two girls became pregnant while on maintenance therapy. One delivered a normal, full-term infant; both she and the child are well 24 months later.


Methotrexate-induced sudden fatal pulmonary reaction. A teenage girl in bone marrow remission with acute lymphocytic leukemia died suddenly from pulmonary edema. She had taken her first oral dose of methotrexate and cyclophosphamide 10 hours previously when she was feeling well and was asymptomatic. One week previously she had received the last of four intrathecal injections of methotrexate. Autopsy showed marked pulmonary edema as well as chronic lung changes, as previously described in patients with methotrexate pneumonitis. There is usually at least a 12-day interval from the onset of administration of methotrexate to the onset of the lung toxicity. The authors suggest the patient was sensitized by the intrathecal methotrexate and then reacted with angioneurotic edema of the lung when given the first oral dose of methotrexate. Careful examination for infectious agents, including electron microscopy, was negative.


The effect of L-asparaginase of plasma coagulation factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Serial coagulation studies were performed in 26 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during initial induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase. Prolongation of screening coagulation tests was frequent: prothrombin time (in 16 of 26 patients), partial thromboplastin time (23/26) and thrombin time (21/26). In all 26 patients fibrinogen levels fell below .20 g/100 ml and 16 had levels below .10 g/100 ml. Sixteen patients had plasma coagulation factor assays performed. In these 16 patients, Factor XI was less than 40% in 14 and Factor XI was less than 70% in 9, with only a few scattered low levels of other factors. There were no clinical bleeding episodes. Coagulation abnormalities returned to normal at the completion of L-asparaginase therapy while the patients remained on vincristine and prednisone.


Long-term survival in acute leukemia in Argentina: a study of 78 cases. A total of 78 patients with acute leukemia [69 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 9 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)] survived more than 4 years. In the years between 1958 and 1967 the number of patients with ALL in Argentina who survived 4 years was 1%. This increased to 21% in the years between 1967 and 1972. The major cause of this increase was the initiation in 1967 of protocols of therapy on a national scale through a cooperative group known as GATLA. In AML patients the number of long-term survivals remained unchanged during both periods. A large percent of the long-term survivors had lower WBC, a higher platelet count, and no hepato- or splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, or hemorrhagic manifestations at diagnosis. However, only for those patients with a WBC under 100,000/mm3 at diagnosis was there a significant prognostic implication (p less than 0.01). Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who survive more than 4 years without relapse have about an 80% chance of long survival. For those who have lived 4 years with one or more lapses, there is only a 17% chance of long survival, and of these only those who develop extramedullar relapse (CNS or testicular) without bone marrow involvement have a chance of long survival. Patients who live 4 years in continuous complete remission have the same chance of very long survival regardless of previous therapy.


Chronic myelolytic leukemia versus idiopathic myelofibrosis: a diagnostic problem in bone marrow biopsies.


Acute myelomomocytic leukemia terminating in histiocytic medullary reticulosis: cytochemical, cytogenetic and electron microscopic studies. A case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia terminating in histiocytic medullary reticulosis is reported. The evolution of a single cellular clone presenting with progressive change of the morphological features of the leukemic cells towards more anaplastic elements endowed with prominent phagocytic properties is suggested on the basis of both cytochemical and chromosomal data. The histiocytic nature of the malignant proliferating cells and platelet phagocytosis has been confirmed by electron microscopic investigation. The main pathogenetic explanations of the evolutionary patterns of the disease are discussed with relation to: a) involvement of a common stem cell giving rise to different proliferative patterns of cells in a multiphasic sequence; b) release of dysplastic platelets and defective erythrocytes with massive sequestration by histioid phagocytic cells; and c) coexistence of two different disorders.


Possible mechanisms for the genesis of common chromosome abnormalities, including isochromosomes and the philadelphia chromosome.


Induction of osteosarcomas and hematopoietic neoplasms by 55Fe in mice.


Quantification by DNA-based cytophotometry of the 9q+/22q-chromosomal translocation associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. DNA-based cytophotometry was used to analyze metaphase chromosomes in four patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. In three of these patients, both Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive and Ph1-negative cells were measured. On the basis of these three patients, the characteristic 9q+/22q- translocation of chronic myelogenous leukemia involves the net transfer of 0.325% of the autosomal genome; there is no evidence of net gain or loss of DNA (apart from duplication of the Ph1 chromosome in one patient), and no significant difference is found in the amount of DNA transferred in different patients. Significant differences are found among patients in the derived Chromosomes 9 and the Ph1 chromosomes and are ascribed to preexisting variations in the Ph1-negative cells of these patients. There is no evidence in these patients of any further cytogenetic lesion associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.


Characterization of a glucocorticoid-sensitive human lymphoid cell line. A human lymphoblastoid cell line (CEM), the growth of which is inhibited by glucocorticoids, is described. Although growth of the original uncloned cell line is only slightly retarded by dexamethasone, sensitive clones were isolated in which growth is completely blocked by 2 to 3 days of exposure to 10(-6) M dexamethasone. After 4 to 5 days, these cells become pyknotic and lyse. The inhibitory affect of dexamethasone first become apparent in suspension culture at a concentration of about 5 X 10(-8) M. Receptor analysis showed the presence of specific glucocorticoid receptors with an apparent dissociation constant for dexamethasone of about 1.3 X 10(-8) M both in the sensitive and in one resistant clone analyzed. Ability to displace dexamethasone from the receptor is correlated with the known glucocorticoid activity of all steroids tested, as is their ability to inhibit cloning of sensitive cells in agarose. These results indicate that the specificity of inhibitory effects is related to receptor specificity of inhibitory effects is related to receptor specificity. Dexamethasone is a potent inhibitor when cells are cloned in agarose, having a marked effect even at a concentration of 7 X 10(-9) M. CEM cells thus provide human cell lines suitable for in vitro analysis of steroid effects on leukemic cells.


Alteration of prostaglandin biosynthesis in rat chloroleukemic tumor. Data from our present studies demonstrate the capability of a 105,000 X g pellet from rat normal bone marrow, turpentine-induced hyperplastic bone marrow, and chloroma tumor to transform precursor arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. The activity of the prostaglandin synthetase systems in these tissues is inhibited by the known nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug indomethacin and by two unsaturated fatty acids previously demonstrated in other tissues. Although the overall biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was higher in the hyperplastic bone marrow than in the chloroma tumor, the PGF2alpha:PGE2 ratio was markedly higher (8-fold) in the chloroma tissue. This latter increase was probably due to the increased transformation of PGE2 into PGF2alpha by the NADPH-dependent PGE2 9-ketoreductase (an enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of PGE2 and PGF2alpha). These results indicate the greater capability of the malignant chloroma tissue to form PGF2alpha than of nonmalignant hyperplastic bone marrow. Although the role of PGF2alpha in the malignant myelogenous leukemic tumor is presently unclear, its increased formation in this tissue suggests that this substance may play a role in the hyperproliferative process.


Development of myelosarcomas from human myelogenous leukemia cells transplanted in athymic mice.


Isolation and characterization of a subline of Friend erythroleukemia cells that differentiate in tissue culture in the absence of inducers.


Studies on flies in Korea I. Taxonomical studies on calliphorid flies (Diptera). A total of 97 species of flies collected in Korea since 1919 is described which consists of the collections by Kobayashi, Hori and the author. They include 19 species belonging to 12 genera of the family Calliphoridae, 38 species belonging to 15 genera of the family Sarcophagidae and 40 species belonging to 14 genera of the family Muscidae. The specimens were identified according to the male genitalia, which generally show little variations among the flies of the same species, and were illustrated. The geographical distribution and localities in Korea of all the species are presented, and the medically important species are discussed in detail. Of these flies, the calliphorid species in Korea are described and illustrated in this paper. The author found newly 8 species of calliphorid flies including a new species. As for the families Sarcophagidae and Muscidae, the descriptions on these will be published in part II and part III, respectively, in the near future.


Studies on medically important flies in Thailand. III. Report of species belonging to the genus Musca Linné, including the taxonomic key (Diptera: Muscidae). Twenty species belonging to the genus Musca Linné are reported from Thailand with taxonomic key. This study is based on the specimens available in the authors' collection and 8 species are the new records from this country. The newly recorded species are Musca interrupta pilifacies, M. lucens, M. fasciata, M. pattoni, M. planiceps, M. xanthomelas, M. bezzii and M. convexifrons.


Histotoxic properties of carbon monoxide in the living organ I. Fluorometry of oxidation-reduction state of the rabbit kidney in situ. Effect of carbon monoxide on the redox state and blood flow in the renal cortex of the rabbit was examined by the fluorometric method. By a short-period (1-3 min) inhalation of CO in concentrations over 1%, the following were revealed: (1) Reduced pyridine nucleotide was increased, (2) oscillatory change of the reduced pyridine nucleotide, which is characteristic for the histotoxic reaction, developed, and (3) extent of the fluorescence changes tended to be in proportion to the concentration of CO, but no change was caused by inhalation of CO in lower concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%) even if the inhalation was continued for 30 min. As to the blood flow, CO in concentrations over 0.5% decreased it, whereas anoxia due to nitrogen increased it. Some implications were discussed from toxicological points of view on the results obtained.


A plea of an interdisciplinary approach to the radiology study of the velopharyngeal portal.


Biocompatibility of polysulfone composite materials for dental implant. As a part of the work designed to find a material suitable for a dental implant, tissue reaction of various kinds of polysulfone composite materials has first been studied by implantation in the femur of rats and in the mandible of rabbits. Histological examination showed that the porous polysulfone composite containing 20 wt.% of tricalcium phosphate exhibited a favorable osteogenesis. The tooth replica implants made of this composite material were inserted into the extraction sockets of dogs. During 5.5 months of observation, horizontal or diagonal orientation of periodontal fibers, no epithelization, and no alveolar bone resorption were noted. This study suggests a promising feasibility of the polysulfone-calcium phosphate composite material as a dental implant material.


The morphology of musculus uvulae.

The morphology of musculus uvulae.


Immunological characteristics of lymphoblasts and lymphocytes in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. By analysing the electrophoretic mobility (EM) of lymphocytes and by comparing their surface charge it is possible to distinguish rapid-moving lymphocytes (T) and slow-moving lymphocytes (B). The authors studied the EM of blood lymphocytes in children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, before they underwent treatment. At the same time they carried out a study of classical immunological markers (E rosettes, membrane immunoglobulins, and blastic-transformation ability). The authors were able to distinguish three types of lymphocytes according to their EM i.e., rapid, slow or intermediate. This heterogeneousness could be explained by the fact that the origin of leukaemic proliferation may vary according to different stages in the maturation of the lymphoid cells. It would seem premature to establish any correlation between the initial clinical signs of the disease and its evolution.


Lymphocytes bearing receptors for both sheep erythrocytes and complement in patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases.


Drug-induced malnutrition in geriatric patients.


Leukemias of childhood.

Leukemias of childhood.


[Animal model for the etiopathogenesis of sialadenitis]. A longitudinal study with patient-specific jaw models and simultaneous X-Rays was undertaken to examine the eruption behaviour of the mandibular premolars following physiological and pathological resorption of the roots of primary teeth. 1. The molars of the first dentition fall out earlier after pathological resorption of the roots of primary teeth. In the presence of an occlusal bony bridge the appearance of a new tooth may take years. The eruption of the replacing tooth is delayed or it may be retained. 2. The eruption times of premolars after physiological resorption of primary tooth roots given in the literature and those obtained by the author converge. After pathological resorption of primary tooth roots and rarefying osteitis with interruption of the lamina dura, vertical development occurs significantly sooner (p less than 0,01). 3. The sequence of eruption of the premolars can be altered after pathological resorption of primary tooth roots.


The Washington state auxiliary education project.


A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome accompanied with alcoholism. A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with alcoholism and migraine is described. Multiple motor tics and coprolalia were suppressed by the treatment with haloperidol. The concentration of HVA and 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid were measured and increment of HVA concentrations was outstanding while his symptoms were aggravated. This might be evidence for hyperactivity of dopaminergic neurons involved in manifest symptomatology of this syndrome.


Studies of bone and soft-tissue tumours induced in rats with radioactive cerium chloride. A colloidal suspension of radioactive cerium chloride was inoculated into the hind legs of Sprague Dawley rats. Bone and soft-tissue tumours were induced at the site of inoculation in 77% of the animals. All bone tumours were osteogenic osteosarcomas. Soft tissue tumours were mostly malignant and were of various histological types, predominantly fibrosarcomas, haemangiopericytomas, angiosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. A kinetic study showed that the doubling time (DT) of tumours was closely correlated with the anatomical site of tumour development: bone tumours had a DT of 17.4 +/- 4.3 days and malignant tumours which developed in soft tissues had a DT ranging from 7.4 to 8.4 days with the exception of two haemangiosarcomas which had a long DT of 17 +/- 0.6 days. Pulmonary metastases were frequent for osteosarcomas and tumours of vascular origin. This model of induction of bone and soft-tissue tumours in rats by injection of a colloidal suspension of radioactive cerium chloride offers the possibility of more comprehensive physiopathological and kinetic studies of these tumours and may constitute a good model for their human counterparts.


Roentgeno-oddities.

Roentgeno-oddities.


Continuing your dental education: the requirements for AGD fellowship.


Dental changes in hypoparathyroidism.

Dental changes in hypoparathyroidism.


Overdenture service utilizing the telescoped denture principle: a case report.


Reduction of enamel solubility by various fluoride compounds, each containing 1.23 percent fluoride.


The median maxillary diastema: a review of its aetiology.


Standardization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for the health professions.


[The emergency dental clinic of the Israel Dental Association (Tel Aviv branch). A review of the first eight months' work].


Occupational hazards for dental personnel: a review.


The health hazards of mercury in dentistry.


Human submandibular gland tissue in culture I. Sulphate incorporation and tissue culture technique. In vitro cultivation of human submandibular gland tissue resulted in release of salivary proteins corresponding to about 50% of the total content after 48 hours. The admixture of plasma proteins as judged by single radial immunodiffusion took place early in the incubation period, and could be reduced by discarding the first washing medium. Hydroxyproline measurements in the medium indicated that the autolysis increased significantly after two days of incubation. Isoelectric focusing of human submandibular proteins resulted in fractions with isoelectric points closely resembling those demonstraded earlier for monkey submandibular gland proteins, but with larger acid fractions and smaller basic fractions. Virus haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activity and sulphate incorporation was demonstrated in the most acidic, viscous fractions, whereas L-leucine incorporation was found in all fractions of the isoelectric scale. No sulphate affinity to submandibular proteins, independant of the in vitro protein synthesis, could be detected by equilibrium dialysis or other control measures.


Human submandibular gland tissue in culture 2. Nickel affinity to secretory proteins. In view of the exposure to nickel through the oral cavity the relation between this metal (as 63NiCl2) and salivary macromolecules was studied by tissue culture, isoelectric focusing and equilibrium dialysis. During cultivation of human submandibular gland tissue, small amounts of nickel were incorporated into macromolecules with an isoelectric point of about 4.4 and approximately 7.5. No affinity independent of the protein synthesis was revealed between nickel and submandibular proteins, including the acidic, viscous, sulphate-incorporating glycoproteins. It is therefore possible that a nickel-containing metalloprotein is present in the submandibular secretion, but a complex formation between nickel and macromolecules similar to the nickel-albumin transport system in plasma was not found. The affinity of nickel to small molecular substances in the secretion was not studied.


Synthesis of bacteriocins in liquid cultures of Streptococcus mutans. Strains of Streptococcus mutans synthesized bacteriocins in agar plates, but synthesis of detectable bacteriocins in liquid media took place only under certain culture conditions. The composition of the medium proved to be crucial. Trypticase Soy Broth with 4% Yeast Extract meeting the requirements. The effect of the Yeast Extract is obscure, for some strains also formed detectable bacteriocins in a special Trypticase medium without this agent. It was noted that the broth should be filter-sterilized rather than autoclaved and only a few days old. Attempts at liberating cell-bound bacteriocins from washed cells were unsuccessful, even when they were treated with ultrasound, EDTA, or various chemicals followed by ultrasound. On the basis of size and sensitivity to heat the bacteriocins could be divided into two groups, while their resistance to ether and chloroform and to trypsin did not follow this pattern. Dependence on plasmids could not be demonstrated by attempts at curing with acridine orange or ethidium bromide; and the involvement of phages was unlikely, since the inhibition was not transmissible and phage-like structures were not observed in the electron microscope.


Postradiation osteosarcoma of the cervical spine in childhood. A case report.


Lymphocyte and serum-mediated immunity in murine osteosarcoma.


Hypoxia and tumours.

Hypoxia and tumours.


The pathology of renal ischaemia.

The pathology of renal ischaemia. Examination of ischaemic kidneys reveals changes which generally correlate well with the pathophysiology of renal ischaemia. Although there is an association between renal ischaemia, juxtaglomerular granulation and hypertension, notable exceptions are seen from time to time. Improved methods of identification of the contents of juxtaglomerular granules may provide better methods of prediction of those patients likely to benefit from nephrectomy for hypertension associated with renal ischaemia. Further studies of the function of mesangial cells and of the smooth muscle cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus promises to provide information to explain the collapse of glomerular tufts, and hence of impaired glomerular filtration, following ischaemia.


Renal necrosis.

Renal necrosis.


Hypoxia in the newborn infant.

Hypoxia in the newborn infant. Hypoxia in newborn infants is becoming much easier to prevent, detect and treat. Nevertheless the successful management of potentially hypoxic fetuses and newborn infants remains the major challenge to all physicians concerned with perinatal care. What is at stake is not only that sick infants should survive, but equally or more importantly that the survivors should be normal children. Recent follow-up studies show that this aim can, with few exceptions, now be achieved (Stewart and Reynolds, 1974; Davies and Stewart, 1975; Durbin et al, 1976).


Pathology of perinatal hypoxia.

Pathology of perinatal hypoxia.


Pathology of hypoxic brain damage in man.


The pathology of myocardial ischaemia.

The pathology of myocardial ischaemia.


Animal models of myocardial ischaemia.

Animal models of myocardial ischaemia.


Ischaemic bowel disease.

Ischaemic bowel disease.


Local factors in tissue oxygenation.

Local factors in tissue oxygenation.


Ischaemia of bone.

Ischaemia of bone.


Ischaemia of peripheral nerve and muscle. Although skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves are both resistant to ischaemia there are nevertheless many syndromes in which they are affected, either separately or together. It is frequently difficult to distinguish the effects of arterial ischaemia from those of compression, which may operate through vascular occlusion, or, in the case of peripheral nerve, by mechanical deformation of nerve fibres. A great deal has been learned from experimental models, but not all of it is applicable to the complexity of human neuromuscular ischaemia which requires further study.


The role of xeroradiography in cephalometric radiology.


A study of the relative caries prevalence in first and second permanent molars of rural Zambian schoolchildren.


Successful retrieval of endodontic material from the inferior alveolar nerve.


Characterization of glass-ionomer cements. 3. Effect of polyacid concentration on the physical properties.


A regional paediatric hospital dental service.


Extreme resorption of the mandible: a case report.


Bilateral functioning premolar-form supernumerary teeth distal to the maxillary permanent first molars.


Women dentists in Wales.

Women dentists in Wales.


The training, practice and feelings of the dental profession in Southend.


Characterization of glass-ionomer cements. 4. Effect of molecular weight on physical properties.


Foreign body in the soft palate: a case report.


Preliminary studies on the anti-bacterial properties of chewing sticks.


Stoichiometry of the amalgamation reaction.


Some properties of current composite materials.


The mesiodistal diameter of permanent maxillary central incisor teeth and their prosthetic replacements.


The changing pattern of dental practice in South Wales, 1965-74.


Current status of pour type denture base resins.


A method for reclaiming amalgam from extracted teeth.


The chewing lesion of the cheeks and lips: its features and prevalence among a selected group of adolescents.


The temperature of local anaesthetic solutions.


An unusual form of impaction of two permanent molars: a case report.


Grinding technique, surface texture and strength of vitreous carbon and high purity alumina.


Preparing the preschool child for a visit to the dentist.


Sedation for conservative dentistry further studies on inhalation sedation with 25% nitrous oxide.


Enamel fluoride uptake and retention from intensive APF gel applications in vivo. Children, in the fifth school grade (mean age 11 years) in a fluoridated water area, self-applied acidulated phosphate-F gel (1.2% F) in custom-fitted mouthpieces on 5, 10, or 25 consecutive school days. Enamel F uptake, penetration, and retention were determined from analysis of 1,257 deciduous teeth exfoliated during and after the applications. F penetrated to 200 micrometer in enamel exposed to 25 applications of the gel and increased approximately 2,600 ppm at a 5 micrometer depth. Concentrations of F declined for approximately eight months after which levels stabilized, resulting in a 1,600 ppm increase of firmly bound F.


The measurement of the effect of toothbrushes on soft tissue abrasion. The effect of toothbrushes on soft tissue abrasion was measured using hamster cheek pouch tissue brushed mechanically for various intervals. The detection of protein removed during brushing was used as an index of tissue abrasion. The method was found to be sensitive in detecting the effects of brush load, number of strokes applied, and the texture of the brush. The results further showed that the mechanical removal of sharp edges from bristle tips substantially reduced the level of soft tissue abrasion while a dentifrice polishing agent applied to the tissue with a brush did not increase the abrasive effect of the brush.


A plastic intraoral device for the collection of human parotid saliva. A plastic intraoral (IO) cup developed to facilitate collection of human parotid saliva was tested on two groups of patients. Samples collected in both IO and tubed cups exhibited no significant differences in lysozyme or lactoperoxidase activity, levels of total protein or secretory IgA, or in flow rates. Results suggest that the IO cup provides a simple, reliable method for collecting parotid saliva.


The young child's response to repeated dental procedures. Children's responses to dental procedures which were repeated over a series of six visits were studied. Response to a mirror and explorer examination at the beginning of each visit deteriorated initially and then improved over the last three visits. Responses to the four injections were increasingly negative. The response to cavity preparation did not change significantly during the four treatment visits. The results suggest dental experience resulted in desensitization to nonstressful procedures and sensitization to stressful procedures.


Free surface energy change for water adsorbed on hydroxyapatite. The free energies of immersion for three hydroxyapatite samples of different origin and method of preparation were determined from water adsorption isotherms at 20 and 25 C. The free energies varied with the temperature of the isotherm, changing linearly with the outgassing temperature in the range of 20 and 300 C. The samples outgassed at 300 C yielded free energy of immersion values of 365, 432, and 476 ergs/cm2 for the VIC-, NBS-, and TVA-HAP, respectively. Work of adhesion and work of spreading were calculated for water on these samples.


Fracture toughness of composite and unfilled restorative resins. Fracture toughness, critical strain energy release rate, and critical stress intensity factor were determined for experimental and commercial restorative resins. A composite resin had lower resistance to crack initiation than an unfilled acrylic resin. The data were consistent with surface failure observed in single-pass wear studies of these resins.


Color of denture resins.

Color of denture resins. The color of 24 commercially available denture resins was determined visually with Munsell color tabs and by reflection spectrophotometry. Correlation between Munsell and spectrophotometric data was found. The resins characterized for Black patients had a higher degree of specular reflectance and were more opaque than resins for Caucasians.


Rotational viscometry of a zinc phosphate and a zinc polyacrylate cement. The rheological properties of a zinc phosphate and a zinc polyacrylate cement were investigated using a rotational viscometer. The effects of time, temperature, shear rate, and spindle geometry on the measured viscosities were evaluated. Results indicated that both cements exhibited Newtonian behavior.


An evaluation of porous alumina ceramic dental implants. The fabrication, characterization, and clinical results of porous rooted alumina dental implants in animals are presented. Failures of all implants occurred in less than six months and were attributed to the presence of microporosity on the crown and cervical portion of the implant which prevented the establishment of an effective biological seal between the oral cavity and the alveolus.


Inhaled nitrous oxide and cathepsin D activity in the lung. Acute exposures of lungs to nitrous oxide in anesthetic concentration results in an initial lowered free activity of cathepsin D. Chronic exposures with either continuous or interrupted anesthetic exposure increases the free activity of this enzyme.


Electromyographic analysis of the "baccinator mechanism" in human beings. Electromyography of the muscles of the "buccinator mechanism" was undertaken, utilizing indwelling fine-wire electrodes. Electromyograms were made of 14 subjects with normal occlusion during various oral activities. Several activities elicited simultaneous contraction of all muscles. Simultaneous activity represents a potential restraining force of this muscular band on the dentition.


Late elongation of the cranial base.

Late elongation of the cranial base. A single logistic curve was fitted to serial data for three cranial base lengths (S-N, Ba-N, and Ba-S) in 33 boys and 26 girls. Elongation during pubescence plus adolescence is greater in boys than girls for each length. The maximum rate of pubescent elongation occurs earliest in Ba-N. There are no consistent sex differences in the maximum rates of elongation but they occur considerably earlier in girls. Similarly, girls reach 95% of their adult lengths at younger ages than boys.


Cyclophosphamide-induced abnormalities in the incisors of the rat. A single injection of 75 mg/kg cyclophosphamide caused gross dental abnormalities in rats. Broken, malformed, overgrown, and "extra" incisors developed several weeks after drug treatment. Radioautographic investigations show no unusual features in the morphology or labeling with H3-thymidine in the odontogenic cells. The results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of the drug is a temporary one which induces a residual alteration of tooth growth.


An autoradiographic study of the sensory innervation of teeth. I. Dentin. Autoradiography of axoplasmically transported proteins revealed that the coronal dentin of rat molar teeth receives sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion. The labeled processes appear to run in dentinal tubules and sometimes reach the peripheral dentinal region near the enamel.


An autoradiographic study of the sensory innervation of teeth. II. Dental pulp and periodontium. Autoradiography of axoplasmically transported proteins revealed that both dental pulp and periodontium receive sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion in the form of plexuses and free and organized sensory receptors, including apparent corpuscular ones. Corpuscular receptors in the pulp suggest this tissue may be responsive to modalities other than pain.


Morphological changes in lymphatic vessels in pulpal inflammation. Noncarious, carious, and restored human teeth obtained from individuals 20 to 65 years of age were used to study the differences in lymphatic drainage between healthy and inflamed pulps. In carious teeth, the lymphatic vessels located within and/or surrounding the inflammatory lesion were distended, a situation not demonstrable in pulps of noncarious and restored teeth.


Symphysis menti of the rabbit: anatomy, histology, and postnatal development. A histologic and anatomic investigation of the symphyseal region in rabbits did not reveal a bony fusion between the two halves of the mandible; these two bones are united in the anterior part by a synchrondrosis, and a definite histologic suture with interdigitating bony rugosities and interposed connective tissue, in the posterior part. Functionally, the two parts are immobile and thus constitute one bone.


Blood and urinary 18F pharmacokinetics following parenteral administration in the rat. Blood and urinary excretion time courses of 18F administered parenterally to rats were monitored for two hours. The intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes gave kinetically indistinguishable results after ten minutes following the dose. The blood time course during the first hour following intramuscular dosing showed a relative constancy and suggested a delayed absorption time.


The role of calcitonin in the calcification of ental matrix. Chronic calcitonin (CT) deficiency was shown to have several effects on the incisors of young growing rats. The incisors had a significantly wider predentin layer, interglobular dentin, and frequent pulpal exposures at the incisal edge. It was concluded that CT plays a role in the normal calcification of dentin matrix.


Manual and oral sensation in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Thresholds for light touch detection and two-point discrimination on the hand and in the mouth, and oral and manual stereognosis ability were measured in patients with untreated Cushing's syndrome and normal volunteers. Results indicated that patients with Cushing's syndrome displayed decreased two-point discrimination on the tongue and palate and decreased oral stereognosis.


Ape tooth correlations.

Ape tooth correlations.


The distribution of aspartic acid residues in bovine dentine phosphoprotein.


A radioautographic comparison of nasal septal growth in prenatal, newborn, 5- and 10-day-old rats.


Effect of like-sexed siblings on crown dimensions.


Use of crown areas in odontometric analyses.


Evidence that the histidine-rich polypeptides of human parotid saliva are acinar secretory products of the parotid gland.


President's address.

President's address.


The path we dare take--AL-D-PAC.

The path we dare take--AL-D-PAC.


Telephonitis.

Telephonitis.


Trace anesthetic gases: a possible occupational hazard.


Alabama hygiene program clarified.

Alabama hygiene program clarified.


Basic sciences, black eyes, and stomatologists.


Human physiology taught on animals.

Human physiology taught on animals.


On licensure by credentials.

On licensure by credentials.


More on ZOE-EBA cements.

More on ZOE-EBA cements.


Saccharin and nutrition.

Saccharin and nutrition.


Lament of foreign graduates.

Lament of foreign graduates.


Position paper of the ADA Ad Hoc Committee on trace anesthetics as a potential health hazard in dentistry.


A potential health hazard? Trace inhalation anesthetics in the dental office. Commentary: a justified concern.


Reports of subcommittees of the ADA Ad Hoc Committee on Trace Anesthetics as a potential health hazard in dentistry. Review and current status of survey.


Expansion of the Acceptance Program: nitrous oxide scavenging equipment and nitrous oxide trace gas monitoring equipment.


Oral gonococcal infection.

Oral gonococcal infection. Oral ulcerative lesions may strongly resemble one another which can lead to erroneous assumptions in diagnosis. The importance of assembling all the pertinent facts including, at times, microscopic examination and bacterial cultures before instituting treatment is illustrated by this case report of an oral gonococcal infection.


What the federal x-ray regulations mean to the dentist. The dentists should keep in mind that the Federal Performance Standard is designed to protect the public and the profession from health hazards and from inadequacies in manufacture. It offers many advantages to the dentist who uses X-ray equipment. The standard does not regulate the dentist's diagnostic use of X radiation, but it assures him of purchasing reliable, properly functioning equipment with an increased level of radiation protection.


Holography in dentistry.

Holography in dentistry. Holograms were made that recorded on a single piece of film an entire study case in three dimensions. Other applications of holography in dentistry are discussed. On a qualitative basis, it appears that holography has potential application in many fields of dentistry. However, a number of problems must be resolved before holography will find its way into the dental practice.


Antibodies and the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964. I. The Widal reaction. The outbreak of typhoid fever in Aberdeen during 1964 (Walker, 1965) presented an opportunity to study the antibody titres of typhoid fever patients and of TAB immunized individuals to obtain further knowledge concerning the behaviour of these titres with the passage of time.This paper gives an abbreviated version of part of a research programme which followed the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964.The antibody titres of patients were followed up for a period of 2 years after discharge from hospital and the findings have been compared with those in TAB immunized healthy individuals. The following points emerged:(1) The value of the Widal test as an aid to diagnosis was limited;(2) the flagellar antibody titre in patients' sera provided a more reliable aid towards diagnosis than did the somatic antibody titre;(3) the response of immunized and non-immunized patients to the somatic antigens was poor and often delayed well into the period following discharge from hospital;(4) titres of 1/40 and over for Vi agglutinins were present in immunized and non-immunized patients for at least 12 months after discharge without their being S. typhi excretors;(5) Vi agglutinin titres as high as 1/40 were present in TAB immunized healthy individuals and also in members of the general public;(6) the presence of S. typhi septicaemia need not result in a high antibody titre;(7) patients who relapse, may do so without enhancement of previous antibody titres and may relapse even in the presence of earlier appreciable titres.


Antibodies and the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964. II. Coombs', complement fixation and fimbrial agglutination tests. In a previous paper (Brodie, 1977) the value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever was shown to be limited. Evaluation of possible alternative tests showed that: (1) the sensitivity of the anti-human globulin (Coombs') test appeared greater than that of the agglutination test but the length of time (48 h) before results were available rendered it of little value in rapid diagnosis: (2) the complement fixation test offered no particular help towards diagnosis; (3) immunized and non-immunized typhoid fever patients developed fimbrial antibodies, as also did immunized healthy individuals. In this latter group, however, those immunized with alcoholized TAB vaccine had higher antibody titres to fimbrial antigen than those immunized with heat-killed phenolized vaccine.


Attempts to control clothes-borne infection in a burn unit. I. Experimental investigations of some clothes for barrier nursing. Clothes-borne transmission is an important way of spread of infection from patient to patient which is not interrupted by common cotton gowns. New barrier garments were designed from spun-bonded olefin that, in particle penetration tests, was 100 times better as a filter than cotton cloth. Three designs, a gown, a loose coverall and a close overall, were compared with each other and with conventional cotton gowns in experimental exercise and nursing procedures. Staphylococcus aureus from burned patients were used as markers. The close coverall was 4-7 times better than the loose coverall or gown in preventing the soiling of clothes worn underneath it, but appeared to permit substantially more transfer from garments underneath it to a mock 'patient' and to the air than did the looser garments. A cotton gown reduced the soiling of clothes underneath it by more than 10 times and the contamination of a mock patient by more than 30 times as compared with no barrier garment. The close coverall further diminished the contamination of clothes but not the transfer to the patient. The possible mechanisms for the discrepancy between particle transmission tests annd experimental porcedures are discussed.


Protective efficacy of RIT 4025, a live attenuated influenza vaccine strain, and evaluation of heterotypic immunity to influenza A viruses in ferrets. Ferrets immunized with an H3N2 recombinant of A/PR/8/34 and A/Scotland/840/74 (RIT 4025 vaccine strain) were almost completely protected against a challenge with the homologous strain A/Scotland/840/74. The protection was lower but highly significant when the challenge was performed with the heterologous A/Victoria/3/75 wild strain. The protection afforded by the vaccine strain was measured by three indicators: absence of temperature rise, absence or reduction of virus shedding and absence or reduction of nasal protein increase when compared with uninoculated controls. Heterotypic immunity in this animal model was not significant when these three indicators were measured after a challenge inoculation performed 5 weeks after immunization.


The investigation of a recurrence of an AHC virus epidemic at Lucknow: a serosurvey for AHC virus antibodies before and after the epidemic. An epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) recurred at Lucknow during July to September 1975, after a gap of 4 years. Out of the 35 cases investigated thoroughly, 20 Entero-70-like cytopathogenic agents were isolated from the conjunctiva which were neutralized by antisera against AHC virus J670/71 of Japan. Seroconversion was seen in 7 out of 11 paired sera from patients. Serological study was also done on 100 sera collected before the AHC epidemic of 1971, 100 sera after 1971 and 100 sera after 1975 epidemic. There were no neutralizing antibodies in the pre-epidemic period, while 18% of sera after the first epidemic and 32% after the second epidemic showed antibodies. The incidence of antibodies was highest (43%) in children aged below 10 years. Of the children born after the first epidemic, 44% had antibodies. Thus our findings show that the AHC virus appeared for the firt time at Lucknow in 1971 and the almost complete absence of disease in children, and its mildness during second epidemic, may be due to immunity.


Standard aeration for gas-sterilized plastics. In an effort to provide guidelines for standardizing aeration times for plastics sterilized with ethylene oxide, an Aeration Index has been developed. Based on the rate of diffusion of ethylene oxide in selected polymers, the Index provides an indication of the aeration time at ambient temperature (23 degrees C) for the ethylene oxide concentration in freshly sterilized plastics to drop to 50 parts/10(6).


Serological studies of Bacteroides fragilis. Using direct agglutination methods, a simple serological scheme for the classification of Bacteroides fragilis is described. Twenty strains of B. fragilis were selected by a process of sucessive screening from 151 strains obtained from various sources. O-antigens were prepared from the 20 strains, and used to raise antisera in rabbits. Each of the 20 antisera reacted with its homologous antigen and eight antisera cross-reacted with other subspecies. These cross-reactions were successfully removed after absorption of the antisera with the cross-reacting antigens, resulting in 19 type-specific antisera, titres ranging from 40 to 320, and 19 distinct serotypes of B. fragilis. There was no correlation between the antigenic and the biochemical characteristics of these strains and no cross-reactions occurred with other gram-negative anaerobes, B. melaninogenicus, Sphaerophorus necrophorus and Fusobacterium necrogenes.


Isolation of myxoviruses from dead birds arriving at Heathrow Airport, London. Forty-four haemagglutinating viruses were isolated from the pooled tracheal/cloacal swabs of the dead birds from 170 consignments of caged birds arriving at Heathrow Airport over a period of 6 months. Two isolates were identified as Newcastle disease virus but the remaining 42 were all identified as influenza viruses with Hav 7 Neq 2 antigens. All the consignments from which influenza viruses were isolated originated in India but had widespread destinations. The NDV isolates were from birds originating in central America and destined for Japan.


Influenza infections during pregnancy in the mouse. The effect of a sublethal dose (0-5 LD50) of influenza A/WSN (H0N1) administered intranasally in the 1st and 3rd weeks of pregnancy was studied in C3H inbred mice. Maternal and neonatal mortality rates were significantly increased by infections in the 3rd week of pregnancy, but not in the 1st week. Infections during the last part of the 1st week significantly depressed the growth rate of neonates. No evidence of viraemia, transplacental transmission or congenital malformations were observed from infections during either week. The results are discussed in terms of a possible model for human influenza infections during pregnancy to determine the potential risks to the mother, fetus and neonate.


Corynebacterium haemolyticum infections in Cambridgeshire. In the Cambridge area, 143 patients infected with Corynebacterium haemolyticum were found during the period May 1967 to December 1974. The pharynx was the commonest site of infection and 100 of the 137 pharyngeal infections were in patients aged between 15 and 25 years. Such patients usually had a sore throat; about half of them also had a maculopapular rash. The organism and the clinical features which we have come to regard as typical of this infection are briefly described.


Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind. Analyses of outbreaks of African horse sickness showed that movement of infected Culicoides midges on the wind was most likely responsible for the spread of the disease over the sea from Morocco to Spain in 1966, from Turkey to Cyprus in 1960, and from Senegal to the Cape Verde Islands in 1943. The pattern of spread of the epidemic in the Middle East in 1960 could have been laid down by the infected midges carried on spells of south-east winds, and analyses of outbreaks in Algeria in 1965 and India in 1960 also suggested windborne spread of the disease. Each spread occurred when the presence of virus, host and vector coincided either with a spell of winds unusual for a particular time of year (Spain, Cyprus, Cape Verde Islands and Algeria) or with a series of disturbances usual at that time of the year (Middle East and India). Inferred flight endurance of the midge varied up to at least 20 h and flight range from 40 to 700 km. Flight occurred when temperatures were likely to have been in the range of 15-25 degrees C if it was at night or 20 to about 40 degrees C if it was by day.It is suggested that likely movements of midges on the wind can be estimated from synoptic weather charts, and should be taken into account when planning control of the disease in the face of an outbreak. Such control includes a ban on movement of horses, vaccination and spraying of insecticide.The risk of spread to countries outside the endemic areas should be assessed by reference to possible wind dispersal of infected midges.