Management: a word of many meanings.

Management: a word of many meanings.


Crash! Stay calm and think ahead.

Crash! Stay calm and think ahead.


Surgery for head and neck cancer: keeping up good appearances.


Maternal phenylketonuria: diet in pregnancy reduces danger.


Community nursing: giving a leg-up to "bad legs".


Community nursing: the social worker -- a link?


Profile: nurse who learned to care at home.


Nurses are worth more: Staff Side says pay is well below average.


Let strikers suffer the consequences.

Let strikers suffer the consequences.


Layman's guide to common complaints. 8. Tonsillitis. 9. Styes and conjunctivitis.


The body in question.

The body in question.


The right to strike.

The right to strike.


Disease: its cause and effect. 1: Introduction.


Prevention: how to stay healthy. 1. The general picture and diet.


The Aboriginal connection.

The Aboriginal connection.


A musical box of therapy.

A musical box of therapy.


Cancer--it feels like this.

Cancer--it feels like this.


When a patient talks about death.

When a patient talks about death.


Community nursing: when the patient is your parent.


Assessment and care: nursing an unconscious patient.


Eccentricity: my parley with Patrick - a failure? Nursing care study.


The right to strike. Three-way dispute over trousers ends up at a disciplinary meeting.


Forum on healthy eating.

Forum on healthy eating.


Forum on healthy eating: who sees what a patient eats?


In the process of better care.

In the process of better care.


Forum on healthy eating: the vanishing nurse.


Plotting the milky way.

Plotting the milky way.


German measles: reducing the risk of rubella.


Nursing care study. Anorexia nervosa: hungry for knowledge - not food.


Speakman on top nurses' pay. Speakman: the man who tied up a report on a shoestring.


Speakman ontop nurses' pay. Now it's a matter of wait and see.


Speakman on top nurses' pay. Why aren't equal salaries proposed.


Danger under the sugar coating.

Danger under the sugar coating.


A district nurse remembers Mrs Joy, Mrs Sadness.


Putting a case for the breast.

Putting a case for the breast.


Community nursing: demented - or just a scapegoat?


Cryotherapy: cancer cells left out in the cold.


Nursing care study: diabetes with complications: when illness struck three times...


Drugs: distamine.

Drugs: distamine.


What future for the NHS? Everyone agrees: there are far too many bureaucrats!


What future for the NHS? Beware the ghost of plans past.


Urine testing.

Urine testing.


Urine testing: colour clues to hidden danger.


Urine testing: detective work in the lab.


The time I felt like a wet rag.

The time I felt like a wet rag.


What future for the NHS? Now it's your turn to tell us!


A question of choice.

A question of choice.


Community nursing. Dementia in the elderly: don't overwhelm the family!


Nursing care study. Scoliosis: the cure that made Terri taller.


What future for the NHS? First aid is needed - not major surgery.


What future for the NHS? The report the media missed.


Layman's guide to common complaints.

Layman's guide to common complaints.


Taking a stand on ethics.

Taking a stand on ethics.


Community nursing. Dementia in the elderly: the caring family needs support.


Hyperthermia in cancer treatment: some tumours don't like it hot.


Foam elastomer dressing: a liquid alternative to gauze.


Nursing care study. Scalds: a frame-up for Stuart.


Nursing care study. Complications of old age: the uncaring professionals.


Clegg finds his job rather tougher than he expected.


NHS: where we lie in the league.

NHS: where we lie in the league.


What future for the NHS? Insurance scheme would be disaster.


A new kind of nurse--1. Tomorrow's approach to learning.


Layman's guide to common complaints. 3. Measles.


Beaming in on women.

Beaming in on women.


The point about acupuncture.

The point about acupuncture.


Community nursing: making the best use of time.


Community nursing: a bite worse than its bark.


Fetal progress: why palpate a pregnancy abdomen?


Nursing care study. Rheumatic fever or sarcoidosis: into the frying pan or into the fire?


Now let's use Speakman!

Now let's use Speakman!


GNC: a reminder that the patient must come first.


The right to strike.

The right to strike.


A new kind of nurse - 2. Objectives: markers along the way.


Layman's guide to common complaints. 4. Sprains, strains and cuts.


Playing with fire.

Playing with fire.


A change for the better?

A change for the better?


Citric acid cycle: a chemical reaction for life.


Varicose ulcers: new cure for an old problem.


Nursing care study. Psychogeriatrics: Cathy goes home - after 10 weeks.


Rcn faces a balancing act on industrial strategy: the issue: Union might or professional concern.


Prisoners of their disabilities.

Prisoners of their disabilities.


Enter the Boat People.

Enter the Boat People.


Settling down in a new country.

Settling down in a new country.


Layman's guide to common complaints. 5. Whooping cough.


The vanishing male nurse.

The vanishing male nurse.


A new kind of nurse - 3. It's a taxing process.


Westminster.

Westminster.


We must train nurses to manage.

We must train nurses to manage.


Head injury: nurses found Flora's way home.


Nursing care study: apple peel syndrome. Crisis: premature birth; an intensive five months.


When getting the best means having to move into Europe.


Nursing management: past, present and future.


Nursing management: past, present and future. Democracy, politics and health care.


Nursing management: past, present and future. A better service to patients.


Nursing management: past, present and future. The teacher-manager and leader.


Nursing management: past, present and future. Breaking the continental barriers.


Nursing management: past, present and future. Vision of the future.


Why not night hospitals?

Why not night hospitals?


The right to strike.

The right to strike.


Layman's guide to common complaints. 6. Earache.


A slap in the face.

A slap in the face.


A new kind of nurse - 4. The nurse and the microscope.


Community nursing: screen now - benefit later.


Pituitary gland: master of the endocrines.


Nursing care study. Skull fracture: emergency in the Falklands!


Adding the icing to the cake.

Adding the icing to the cake.


Nursing management of oncology patients with superior vena cava obstruction syndrome.


A study of nursing intervention on the responses of patients receiving chemotherapy.


Avoidance behaviors of nurses as related to cancer diagnosis and/or terminality.


Social support and adaptation to chronic illness: the case of maintenance hemodialysis.


Nursing judgment in selection of patient classification variables.


Effects of orientation information on spouses' anxieties and attitudes toward hospitalization and surgery.


Research and knowledge development: a problem of credibility.


Attitudes of nursing personnel toward death and dying: II. Linguistic indicators of denial.


New relief for menstrual discomfort.

New relief for menstrual discomfort.


Sex Q and A; frank answers to your most delicate patient-counseling questions.


Drug therapy today: what we know now about oral contraceptives.


When a patient attacks: strategies for self-protection when violence looms.


Plain talk about cardiac monitors.

Plain talk about cardiac monitors.


Assertiveness workbook: when it's best not to assert.


Hyperbaric oxygen: exciting new clinical results.


Pediatric arrest: scaling down CPR.

Pediatric arrest: scaling down CPR.


Diabetes out of control!

Diabetes out of control!


What to watch for when you give aminoglycosides.


Legally speaking: how to recover the cost of defending yourself--and more.


Who's doing the nursing?

Who's doing the nursing?


Leadership at work. Hidden resistance: when 'yes' means 'no'.


Opinion exchange: Rosemary threatens a jealous wife.


Things as they ought to be.

Things as they ought to be.


'Meeting the crunch'. Individuals face problems.


STP can meet the crunch.

STP can meet the crunch.


A challenge explored: patient teaching.

A challenge explored: patient teaching.


Sexist attitudes hamper struggle toward professionalism.


CPR policies: the art of the possible. Optimum care for hopelessly ill patients.


CPR policies: the art of the possible. CPR: optimal care vs. maximal treatment.


CPR policies: the art of the possible. Orders not to resuscitate.


Financial planning: budgeting for nursing. Part I.


The unmasking of a nursing supervisor.

The unmasking of a nursing supervisor.


A hospital orientation program for agency nurses.


Law for the nurse supervisor. The study of credentialing in nursing: A new approach--Part II.


The art and science of supervision: "But it didn't say 'stat'"!


CPR policies in perspective.

CPR policies in perspective.


Law for the nurse supervisor: what is death and who determines it?


Financial planning: budgeting for nursing - Part II.


Mind-heart work: caring for the dying.

Mind-heart work: caring for the dying.


Problem solving in nursing management.

Problem solving in nursing management.


Designing an effective orientation program.


What is the manager's function in a health care facility?


Variables affecting staffing.

Variables affecting staffing.


The art & science of supervision: days of stress.


Nursing the system.

Nursing the system.


On unprofessional conduct: Court ruling sets precedent.


The nurse and the woman's movement.

The nurse and the woman's movement.


Specialized care for terminally ill gains momentum throughout state. Hospice home care for Orange County.


A caring art threatened: competition and conflict in nursing.


Outpatient surgery.

Outpatient surgery.


The decision making process: a supervisory function.


Education update: NLN board adopts statement on preparation for beginning practice in nursing.


The role of surgery on ambulatory patients in one teaching hospital.


The leopard that went to college.

The leopard that went to college.


Some tips on caring for your clippers.

Some tips on caring for your clippers.


Irrigation: wide application in veterinary practice.


Recurrent nonbacterial cystitis in a male Siamese cat.


Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex: a clinicoepidemiologic study of 32 cases.


Vomiting and shock in advanced pregnancy (a case report).


Acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis in a dog (a case report and discussion).


Aesthetic restoration of a fractured anterior tooth in a dog.


Persistent penile frenulum in a Cocker Spaniel.


Gingival hyperplasia: a case study of an inflammatory response.


You, the laboratory, and the wreck.

You, the laboratory, and the wreck.


Reproductive problems in swine. When should the boar be blamed?


Blood glucose 1--Factors affecting blood levels and test results. Number one of a series.


Placement of a subpalpebral catheter in a standing horse.


Pseudopterygium in a pygmy rabbit.

Pseudopterygium in a pygmy rabbit.


Thyroid hyperplasia in a parakeet (a case report).


Share profits in an equitable manner?

Share profits in an equitable manner?


Reduce estimated tax payments and earn extra income.


Not to decide, is to decide. Changing priorities in a changing world. Part 1 of two parts.


Incidence of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in Memphis, Tennessee.


Adenocarcinoma in a young rabbit (an atypical case).


Techniques for fetotomy on schistosomus reflexus calves.


Extradural lipoma in a young bull.

Extradural lipoma in a young bull.


Distribution of third-stage nematode larvae on the Wisconsin dairy farms.


A simplified technique of vasectomy for heat-check boars.


Tests and treatments from the past for rabies.


Tax clinic.

Tax clinic.


Calcium but not gloves useful for trimming canine ears.


Rare-earth screens offer advantages and drawbacks to practitioners.


Feline inappropriate elimination. Part 2.


Osteochondritis dissecans in a family of bull terriers.


Metastatic seminoma in a dog.

Metastatic seminoma in a dog.


Undifferentiated carcinoma in the nasal cavity of an old English sheepdog.


Haemobartonellosis in a nonsplenectomized dog.


Development and use of an inhalation therapy apparatus for small animal practice.


Extrauterine mummified fetus (a case report).


Scaly-leg and face-mite infestation in a parakeet.


Ophthalmic agents: ointments or drops?

Ophthalmic agents: ointments or drops?


Sensitivity of bacteria to 16 antibiotic agents.


Equine parasitism.

Equine parasitism.


Selective scar revision and elective incision techniques applicable to the legs of horses. Application of modified W-plasty surgical techniques in scar revision on the lower legs of horses.


Plasma lactate determinations.

Plasma lactate determinations.


Patterns of aggregate and individual changes in contraceptive practice. United States, 1965-1975.


Commentary on "Interpersonal attraction and perceived quality of medical-surgical care.".


Winning with political action; influencing health care policy.


Factors and forces fashioning the future.


The language of water.

The language of water.


Why a theoretical framework in nursing research.


Update on the American Nurses Foundation.


Interpersonal attraction and perceived quality of medical-surgical care.


"Choices"; change by drift or design.

"Choices"; change by drift or design.


Assessing the needs of the adolescent mother.


The president's address: 1979 Washington State Nurses Association.


Migrant and agricultural workers health behavior.


Cardiac infant's feeding difficulties.

Cardiac infant's feeding difficulties.


Question from a director of nursing service.


Request from a nurse who has reentered practice after a 14-year hiatus to raise a family.


Technical notes. Quality assurance in research instrumentation.


Ethical issues in nursing research.

Ethical issues in nursing research.


Research utilization: what is it? Real or superficial dissemination.


Strategies for teaching nursing research.


A comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of intravenous antibiotic administration.


Multiple concurrent replication.

Multiple concurrent replication.


Project Access: nursing research on the move.


Questions from an ADN teacher: teaching basic nursing skills.


Question from a director of nursing service: developing nursing staffing patterns.


Interdisciplinary semantics: implications for research.


Problems in doing nursing research. Control by constancy: will it work in clinical research?


Ethical issues in nursing research. Informed consent.


Research utilization. A vital link in the nursing research cycle.


Personality factors of contemporary baccalaureate nursing students: a descriptive study.


Sexual assault of young people.

Sexual assault of young people.


Child and sex abuse.

Child and sex abuse.


Inducing change: implementing a research program.


Assertiveness for nurses: an idea whose time has come.


The variable of gender.

The variable of gender.


A.A.R.N. Position Paper on Health Promotion.


People's Republic of China.

People's Republic of China.


ANA sample survey offers profile of RNs.


Involvement in team effort. Nurses on the scene at Three Mile Island.


Study recommends establishment of nursing credentialing center.


A challenge for the future of nursing.

A challenge for the future of nursing.


Entry into practice--a clarification of issues.


Nurse on Metro police squad counsels rape victims, families.


Pursuit of nurse imposters provides lesson in economics.


How much is a nurse worth?

How much is a nurse worth?


Perspectives on licensure and the grandfather clause.


Conference explores effects of ethnicity in health care.


Nursing administrators control millions.


Council to evaluate CE demonstration projects.


Study provides profile of nursing care in China.


N-CAP backed candidate prepares for 1980 election.


Advances in medical technology require consumer safeguards.


U.S. Immigration Service proposal: CGFNS exam may be visa requirement.


Board appoints task force on credentialing study.


Child advocates must help parents, too.

Child advocates must help parents, too.


Are children welcome?

Are children welcome?


As I see it: do research and continuing ed mix?


Significance of methicillin tolerance in experimental staphylococcal endocarditis. Methicillin-tolerant staphylococci are organisms that are inhibited by low concentrations of the drug but are resistant to its bactericidal effects. The clinical significance of this in vitro phenomenon is unknown. An experimental model of staphylococcal endocarditis in rabbits was used to determine whether methicillin-tolerant staphylococci are particularly difficult to eradicate from infected heart valves. In vitro sensitivity testing was used to identify a tolerant and a nontolerant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Rabbits prepared by the insertion of a polyethylene catheter into the left ventricle and injected with a tolerant strain survived significantly longer than those injected with a nontolerant strain. No significant differences were demonstrated in the prevention of endocarditis with a single prophylactic dose of methicillin, or in the treatment of established endocardial infection with multiple doses of methicillin. In this study, methicillin had the same activity against experimental endocarditis caused by a tolerant and a nontolerant strain of S. aureus.


Comparative susceptibility of Haemophilus species to cefaclor, cefamandole, and five other cephalosporins and ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The minimal inhibitory concentration of cefaclor, cephalexin, cephradine, cefamandole, cephalothin, cephapirin, cefazolin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline for inhibition of 198 freshly isolated clinical strains of Haemophilus species (23 H. influenzae type b, 157 H. influenzae non-type b, 14 H. parainfluenzae, and 4 H. aphrophilus) was determined simultaneously by a slightly modified WHO-ICS agar dilution method. Nine strains were resistant to ampicillin. There was no correlation between ampicillin resistance and minimal inhibitory concentration of other antibiotics. All strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, and all except five were susceptible to tetracycline. Cefaclor was the most active oral cephalosporin, and cefamandole was the most active parenteral cephalosporin. Among the seven cephalosporins tested, cefamandole was the most effective compound. All but two strains were inhibited by cefamandole at 2 mug or less per ml.


Gobbledygook as a barrier to research.

Gobbledygook as a barrier to research.


Nine tips for beating stress.

Nine tips for beating stress.


Clinical specialization in the crossroad between nursing education and nursing service.


A joint practice in the hospital.

A joint practice in the hospital.


The nurse residency training program.

The nurse residency training program.


Does windowless OR environment affect behavior?


RNs, like physicians, need protection of malpractice insurance.


Building a new surgical suite.

Building a new surgical suite.


When I build my OR: dream and reality.

When I build my OR: dream and reality.


A patient's view of the new OR.

A patient's view of the new OR.


Postoccupancy evaluation of a surgical suite.


Case cart systems--yea or nay?

Case cart systems--yea or nay?


Nurturing the nurse: OR orientation.

Nurturing the nurse: OR orientation.


How do nurses contain costs in the OR?

How do nurses contain costs in the OR?


How do you decide if you should seek OR certification?


What are you doing, nurse?

What are you doing, nurse?


Association of Rehabilitation Nurses.

Association of Rehabilitation Nurses.


Drugs in current use: cimetidine.

Drugs in current use: cimetidine.


Expectations of management.

Expectations of management.


Portrait of a female inmate.

Portrait of a female inmate.


Primary nursing--an American experience.


Protection for the elderly needed.

Protection for the elderly needed.


Credentialing study report.

Credentialing study report.


Care of the burned patient.

Care of the burned patient.


Accountability--lip service or reality?

Accountability--lip service or reality?


Psychosial assessment.

Psychosial assessment.


Twelve months of MCL 1.

Twelve months of MCL 1.


Physiological aspects of stress.

Physiological aspects of stress.


Who does what?

Who does what?


A new nursing method for nocturnal incontinence.


"I want to die at home.".

"I want to die at home.".


All change!

All change!


Mr. Whisper.

Mr. Whisper.


Cost factors associated with hospital acquired infection.


Is there such a thing as "maternal instinct"?


Nurse education: a contribution to discussion.


Tertiary education in nursing: a cultural issue.


Optimal qualifications for a director of nursing.


Therapeutic communication.

Therapeutic communication.


The role of parents during their child's hospitalisation.


Energy cost of proofreading to increase fidelity of transfer ribonucleic acid aminoacylation. The paradox of relatively error free function in biological systems composed of relatively error prone components has recently come under intensive investigation. In the case of tRNA aminoacylation, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were discovered to have a separate function that allows misacylated molecules to be hydrolyzed more rapidly than correctly acylated molecules. This additional function of the synthetases provides a proofreading or verification mechanism that is believed to improve significantly the overall accuracy of tRNA aminoacylation. In this paper we provide an explicit relationship between the accuracy achieved by proofreading and the energy cost. Experimental data available in the literature are examined in light of this relationship. The following are the principal conclusions from our study: (1) high-accuracy proofreading of tRNA aminoacylation has a high energy cost, as much as 100 times greater than indications from early experimental work; (2) the minimum net error derived in previous theoretical studies is never actually reached; (3) mechanisms in which misacylation and subsequent proofreading occur on the surface of the same synthetase molecule achieve a much higher accuracy than mechanisms in which these functions occur on the surface of different synthetase molecules.


R.N. employment: hospital nurses rights.


The good news.

The good news.


Urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence.


Incontinence: accentuate the positive.

Incontinence: accentuate the positive.


Incontinence: "All I want to do is leave here in my wooden box".


Alcoholism and the district nurse.

Alcoholism and the district nurse.


Culture and health care.

Culture and health care.


Mechanisms of protection against the damage produced in biological systems by oxygen-derived radicals. This paper will concentrate on the damage to liver endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane fractions that results from exposure to O2- derived radicals and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum can be produced in various ways involving electron flow out of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 electron-transport chain; analogous reactions occur also in liver plasma membrane suspensions. The subsequent damaging reactions of oxygen-derived radicals and of lipid peroxidation on biological components can be attenuated by various free-radical scavengers and a survey of more than 50 such scavengers in four different systems involving lipid peroxidation has been made. The conditions required for such scavenging reactions to be effective will be outlined, and the difficulties inherent in using such scavengers in vivo will be discussed.


Hydroxyl radicals and biological damage in vitro: what relevance in vivo? Hydroxyl radicals have been implicated in various forms of tissue injury ranging from radiation-induced cell death to alloxan-induced diabetes in animals. Although hydroxyl radicals can be readily generated in vitro, for example by the action of radiation or from the reaction of ferrous (FeII) ions with peroxides, they have not been observed directly in vivo. Their involvement in tissue damage has generally only been inferred from studies with so-called selective radical scavengers. In this paper the validity of such inferences will be briefly discussed in the light of current knowledge about the mechanisms and rates of reactions of hydroxyl radicals with biological compounds.


The pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of ozone. The toxicity of ozone is solely due to its action as an oxidant. It is an extremely reactive gas which rapidly forms intermediate oxidizing derivatives after inhalation. High concentrations cause death from pulmonary oedema. Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary toxicity have been observed at lower concentrations of ozone, including those currently present in urban air. Pulmonary cellular and subcellular membranes appear to be particularly susceptible. A primary mechanism of this effect is the oxidative decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which has been demonstrated in rodent lungs after inhalation of ozone. Supporting evidence includes the potentiation of ozone toxicity by vitamin E deficiency and an increased use of this antioxidant vitamin during repetitive exposure to ozone. Other membrane effects include oxidation of thiol groups and, perhaps, of tryptophan. Microsomal alterations include a loss of lung cytochrome P450 which may also be related to lipid peroxidation. Extrapulmonary toxicity is not directly due to ozone but may represent in effect due to lipid peroxide decomposition products, particularly malonaldehyde. This three-carbon dialdehyde has been shown to alter cell membrane fluidity and to have mutagenic properties; the latter perhaps due to cross-linkage of DNA to histone.


Carbonyl compounds and carcinogenesis.

Carbonyl compounds and carcinogenesis.


Lipid peroxidation: detection in vivo and in vitro through the formation of saturated hydrocarbon gases. Saturated, short-chain hydrocarbon gases (ethane, propane, etc.--but not methane) are evolved during the spontaneous lipid peroxidation of mouse tissue slices or homogenates. A relatively-selective increase in either ethane or pentane was observed when either linolenic acid or linoleic acid, respectively, was added to tissue homogenates. When mice were challenged by injection of carbon tetrachloride or cumene hydroperoxide (two agents that induce a lipid peroxidative attack on liver), they exhaled ethane. The gas chromatographic detection and monitoring of hydrocarbon gases can serve as an index of lipid peroxidation in vivo.


Human haemoglobin genetics.

Human haemoglobin genetics. The genes which direct the structure of human fetal and adult haemoglobin consist of a linked pair of alpha-chain loci on chromosome 16 and the G gamma-A gamma-delta-beta loci complex on chromosome 11. The delta-and beta-chain genes contain inserts similar to those of the mouse and rabbit globin genes. The structure of the various messenger RNAs transcribed from these loci is now worked out although the function of the non-coding regions is not known. The abnormal haemoglobin disorders and thalassaemias result from a variety of lesions at these loci which include single base substitutions, deletions of one or more bases or entire loci, insertions, frame-shifts, fusion genes caused by abnormal crossing over, chain termination mutations and ill-defined defects which lead to a reduced rate of transcription or abnormal structure of messenger RNA. Some progress has been made towards an understanding of the cellular mechanisms whereby the haemoglobin polymorphisms have been maintained. Very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved in the switch from fetal to adult haemoglobin production, although it is likely that certain specific areas of the gamma-delta-beta gene complex are involved in its control.


Specific induction of pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (molecular weight about 42,000) has been purified from rabbit intestines and contains one mole of protohaem IX as the sole prosthetic group. It catalyses the oxidative cleavage of the pyrrole ring of various indoleamines with a much broader specificity of substrate than tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for superoxide anion for catalytic activity. The enzyme was induced specifically in the lungs of mice for 24 h after administration of the lipopolysaccharide fraction of E. coli. This  increase is due to synthesis of enzyme protein and is specific for the lipopolysaccharide fraction. These results are interpreted to mean that indoleamine dioxygenase is induced in pulmonary inflammatory processes in response to an increase in production of superoxide anion, 5-hydroxytryptamine or other indoleamines in the lung as a consequence of inflammation. The dioxygenase reaction is a more innocuous way of disposing of superoxide than dismutation.


Interactions between iron metabolism and oxygen activation. On account of its easy access in aqueous solution to the two states ferrous (FeII) and ferric (FeIII), iron is ideally suited for the activation of molecular oxygen. It is, therefore, logical to seek links between the normal and pathological metabolism of iron and oxygen activation. The pathways of intracellular iron metabolism require changes in the oxidation state of iron both in its deposition in the storage form, ferritin, and in its mobilization from the storage form and use in the cell. Evidence is presented which shows that iron oxidation and deposition in ferritin involves activation of molecular oxygen with formation of a stable peroxo-complex as an intermediate in which the oxygen is bound between two iron atoms attached to adjacent polypeptide chains. The release of iron from ferritin is thought to involve reduction by a flavin, which is associated with the protein, and serves as a cofactor being alternately reduced by NADH or NADPH and oxidized by iron(III). The nature of the low-molecular-weight iron complex which serves to transfer storage iron to transferrin and to supply iron for intracellular use remains to be established. The consequence of excessive iron overload can be rationalized on the basis of oxidative free-radical reactions which provoke lesions typical of deregulated oxygen activation. In some cases these pathological defects can be reversed by iron chelators. Progress in the development of chelation therapy for iron overload are reviewed.


Multilocus enzymes in man.

Multilocus enzymes in man. Two or more separate loci may be concerned in coding for enzyme proteins with the same or very similar catalytic properties. The phenomenon appears to be remarkably common and rough estimates suggest that perhaps 50% or more of structural loci coding for enzyme proteins are concerned with these so-called multilocus enzymes. The separate enzymes in such a multilocus set ressemble each other not only in their enzyme properties, but also in subunit structures and in molecular sizes. However there are often remarkable differences in expression of the several loci of a set from tissue to tissue. Such sets of loci probably arose in evolution by gene duplications with subsequent divergence by point mutations. Tissue differentiation in expression suggests that, pari passu with the divergence of the structural genes, there was an evolution of genetic regulating systems controlling their tissue expression.


The genetics of the complement system.

The genetics of the complement system. It is suggested that the classical and alternative pathways of C3 activation and the terminal complement reaction pathway represent three replicates formed by gene duplication. It seems likely that the precursor system was what is now the alternative pathway and that its original function was a positive feedback loop for amplifying inflammatory reactions. These views are supported by physicochemical data on the complement components; by genetic data; and by similarities in the reaction patterns. Study of subjects with isolated complement component deficiencies provides information on the function of complement in vivo. It has been found that complement component deficiency is associated with bacterial infection, particularly with Neisseria; and even more so with immune complex disease. This second, rather surprising, association is likely to be the result of a requirement for complement in the catabolism of immune complexes on the one hand, and the need for an intact complement system to eliminate low virulence infectious organisms on the other.


Genes and non-coding DNA sequences.

Genes and non-coding DNA sequences. Many new categories of DNA sequence organization in higher organisms have been discovered in the last 20 years. Most of these are not found in bacterial and each in turn is hailed as a likely candidate for those regulatory elements which are assumed to distinguish higher from lower organisms. This article stresses the similarities between their sequence organizations and the continuing lack of convincing function for any of them. It suggests that these sequences often appear after chance recombinational events and their presence then facilitates further change. Within the constraints of proper function the genome is clearly able to find many organizational solutions of apparently equal advantage to the organism. Finally, an example of rapid genome reorganization resulting from selection for resistance to the drug methotrexate is considered.


Some recent progress in the analysis of malignancy by cell fusion. Malignancy, as measured by the ability of cells to grow progressively in vivo, is intimately linked to the presence of a structural abnormality in the polysaccharide moiety of one particular membrane glycoprotein. This abnormality is present in a wide range of different tumours; it co-segregates with malignancy in all crosses between malignant and non-malignant cells that have so far been tested; and it remains linked to malignancy in a stringent new test in which non-malignant variants are selected from tumour cell populations by the use of a lectin. Current work indicates that the abnormal membrane glycoprotein is, in all probability, one of the glucose transport proteins.


Human gene mapping and cancer biology.

Human gene mapping and cancer biology. The topics covered in this paper include: (i) a somatic cell genetics approach for measuring the individual variability in the susceptibility to DNA damage/repair at the level of specific chromosomal sites; (ii) a rationale for a selective chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy of chromosomally unbalanced tumours; and (iii) studies on complementation for sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in roden-human hybrids. Preliminary studies indicate that the 'radiation co-transfer method' for gene mapping can be simplified and used in screening for differences in individual susceptibility to radiation induced chromosomal damage. The second topic is dealt with only speculatively, with the explicit aim of emphasizing a practical application in clinical medicine which may potentially derive from the admittedly esoteric activity of gene mappers. The third topic summarizes a somatic cell genetic approach to the study of SCE in mammalian cells. The high rate of SCE observed in an established rodent cell line can be fully suppressed after hybridization with SCE-normal human cells. However, this suppression can be fully removed after extensive loss of the human chromosome complement. Correspondingly, the high SCE rate of Bloom syndrome cells is fully corrected after hybridization with a Chinese hamster line, though the chromosomes of the latter parental cells continue to exhibit in the hybrid cells the moderately high rate of SCE which is typical of this animal line. These complementation experiments indicate that more than one lesion can upset the normal chromatid replication of mammalian cells and lead to high SCE. The experimental studies described promise to be of significant help for studies on the biology of SCE in general and offer a suitable way of screening for possible genetical heterogeneity among different Bloom syndrome patients.


Surfactant substitution.

Surfactant substitution. A mixture of synthetic phospholipids containing 90% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and 10% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol was tested for its suitability as surfactant substitute. Different methods of preparation were employed. The substance was studied by chromatography, Wilhelmy balance, and in rabbits after tracheal instillation during mechanical ventilation. When prepared as suspension of multilamellar liposomes in NaCl, the phospholipid samples displayed the essential surfactant features of adsorption from the subphase, spreading to a monolayer and lowering the surface tension to 3.7 dyn/cm at compression. For a dose of 2.55 microgram/cm2, the stability index was 1.83 +/- 0.29. Samples prepared with ultrasound were not surface-active. Sonication also destroyed the surface-tension-lowering ability of previously active samples. No signs of local toxicity were found in the treated animals. When radioactive DPPC/DPPG was instillated into the trachea of the ventilated rabbit, autohistoradiography demonstrated radioactive material in the alveoli covering the alveolar wall with a thin layer. Provided that proper techniques of preparation and administration are employed, the phospholipids tested are a promising surfactant substitute worthy of clinical study.


Molecular and genetic organization: the future.


Monoclonal antibodies and cell surface antigens. Antibody chains are encoded in three gene clusters containing genes for the variable and constant regions. V and C genes are separated in germ line and during differentiation a rearrangement takes place. But even after this rearrangement the V and C coding sequences are not contiguous. A final splicing must take place in committed cells between the transcription of a discontinuous V-and C-region DNA and the expression of a continuous mRNA coding for an antibody chain. Analysis by cell fusion indicates that the splicing is cis. When two antibody-producing cell lines are fused, the resulting hybrids express the two antibodies that characterize the parental lines. Permanent cell lines producing antibody of predefined specificity have now been derived in this way. Spleen cells from hyperimmunized donors are fused with myeloma cells and a proportion of the hybrids that are established synthesize and secrete antibodies directed against the immunogen. The heterogeneous cell population can be cloned and propagated. This is a potent way of producing monospecific antibodies to complex antigens such as cell membranes and transplantation antigens. Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to rat cell-surface membranes have proved very valuable for characterizing and separating rat lymphocyte subpopulations. In more recent experiments, monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to mouse and human cell-surface antigens have also been produced which permit the characterization of the hitherto undescribed differentiation antigens.


On being an individual, or: the man in the red hat. If health is a state of equilibrium between intrinsic (genetic) functions and extrinsic (environmental) factors, then disease can be defined as a state of disequilibrium. Medicine has traditionally emphasized extrinsic factors in the origin of human diseases; medical genetics is concerned with the intrinsic factors (mutations) that either yield disease in the universal environment or constitute states of risk for individuals in particular (or universal) enviroments. Genetic screening is a process that defines specific risks for particular individuals. Screening is an ineffective activity if there is no participation by clients. Newborn (and homozygote) screening, on the basis of an experience involving 35 million infants, is usually considered as a 'successful' enterprise. But adult screening, usually for heterozygosity, is quantitatively a much more important activity in its execution, judging from current experience. Comprehension of risk and perceived importance of biological individuality by potential participants and advocates are part of the problem. A major revision in the education of medical personnel and citizens is indicated if medical genetics is to achieve its goals.


The genetics of learning disabilities.

The genetics of learning disabilities. Rapid progress in the study of learning disabilities requires a common context within which investigators and professionals with very diverse backgrounds can work towards common goals. Much evidence points to the heterogeneity of origin and clinical expression of learning disabilities as well as to many other ways in which they resemble such multifactorial conditions as mental retardation, gout and hypertension. In these conditions, genetic and epidemiological methods have been used to sort out the constitutional and environmental factors which precipitate disease in susceptible persons. Such an approach to learning disabilities can be expected to be rewarding.


Cultural change and its relevance for human genetics. The first part of this paper summarizes conclusions drawn from theoretical analysis of cultural change, as appeared in various papers (published and unpublished) by the author in collaboration with Marc Feldman. Among conclusions emphasized are the tendency to homogeneity of cultural traits with most mechanisms of cultural transmissions, the great variation in rates of change and conditions determining them, and the major factors responsible for change. The possibility of genetic variation in learning ability adds considerable complications and determines joint biological and cultural evolution. In the second part of the paper, one very specific example of biological and cultural coevolution is outlined. Archaeological information shows that agriculture spread slowly from a Near East area of origin of domestication of plants and animals. The spread towards Europe is particularly well mapped. There are good reasons why the spread of agriculture may have been accompanied by a spread of farmers from the area of origin. It turns out that synthetic gene maps of Europe showing such a spread of farmers would be an excellent explanation for the geographic distribution of genes in Europe.


Breakthrough to nursing: equal rights nursing.


Infant nutrition.

Infant nutrition.


DNA repair defects and chromosome instability disorders. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Fanconi anaemia (FA), ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Bloom disease (BS) are four rare autosomal recessive disorders in which there is defective DNA repair and/or chromosome instability and proneness to malignancy. Between 80 and 90% of patients with XP have a defect, demonstrable at cell level, of excision of DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet rays, while the remainder have a cellular error of post-replication repair. XP cells are also deficient in repairing DNA damage caused by a variety of chemical mutagens. There are at least five different complementation groups of the first, or classical, type of XP (A to D, etc.) Apparently group C patients, as well as those with defective post-replication repair, do not show the progressive neurological illness found in a proportion of the other patients. AT is heterogeneous clinically and genetically. Clinically it presents with a progressive neurological illness, progressive telangiectases and a developmental disorder of the thymus. AT is characterized by sensitivity to X-rays and AT cells are unable to repair gamma-ray-induced damage to bases in the DNA. It appears that in many cases of the disorder a chromosomally marked cellular clone is found. In BS the main defect, which results in growth retardation, sun-induced lesions of the face and susceptibility to infection, appears to be a slow DNA chain maturation during DNA synthesis. An increase of sister chromatid exchanges is characteristically seen in the chromosomes of cultured BS cells. In FA, in which there is progressive pancytopenia with eventual bone marrow exhaustion and a tendency to haemorrhage and infection, the cellular defect seems to consist of faulty removal of repair of cross-links in the DNA. In this condition, as in BS and AT, various structural chromosome changes are detected in cultured cells. Patients with XP develop skin cancers in early life and often maligant melanomas. In the other three disorders, in which an immune deficiency is often present, leukaemia and related proliferative disorders are a frequent cause of death while other malignancies also occur. There is some evidence that points to an increased risk of malignancy in heterozygotes who carry the FA and AT genes.


Education at large.

Education at large.


Legislative commentary: the Nurse Training Act.


How to present a program on death and dying.


Career choice by lifestyle--the better way?


What freshmen think about nursing.

What freshmen think about nursing.


Plan ahead: use NSNA activities for career choice.


My most unforgettable patient.

My most unforgettable patient.


From student nurse to paralyzed patient.


Project breakthrough: an evaluation of selected goals.


Personality factors of the hypertensive patient.


What happens to Maudsley nurses? A follow-up study.


One aspect of social/psychological element of the illness state.


Defining the need: an analysis of varying teaching goals in antenatal classes.


The health self help group as an alternative source of health care for women.


How the HVA works. (I) Specialist groups.


Inner city malaise.

Inner city malaise.


Health visiting in the Himalayas.

Health visiting in the Himalayas.


EEC directives relative to community experience for student nurses.


Health visitors and school nurses.

Health visitors and school nurses.


Educational nursing in primary schools.

Educational nursing in primary schools.


Is your journey really necessary? The role of the health visitor in schools.


Cause for concern: the computer--servant or master?


A service for patients: some conclusions and recommendations of the Royal Commission Report on the National Health Service.


Dedicated to a decade of accountability.


Professionalism.

Professionalism.


Critical care nursing: evolution toward unity: introduction.


The growth and development of nephrology nursing practice.


Coronary care nursing--the best is yet to be.


Burn nursing as a specialty.

Burn nursing as a specialty.


1979--the year of the child and the pediatric nurse.


A decade of patient advocacy.

A decade of patient advocacy.


Trauma: twentieth century epidemic.

Trauma: twentieth century epidemic.


Identification of situational stressors and coping methods by intensive care nurses.


Planning and development of a masters degree program in critical care.


Student experience in intensive care units: a faculty-staff collaborative venture.


Critical care nurse practitioner: education, expectation, and implementation.


Distinguishing between ectopic ventricular activity and aberrant ventricular conduction of supraventricular impulses.


Methods of teaching - revisited: games and simulation.


Continuing education with vision.

Continuing education with vision.


Discrepancies in learning needs assessments: whose needs are being assessed?


Prenatal testing for birth defects and nursing practice. Recent advances in the prenatal diagnosis of birth defects including amniocentesis, ultrasound and fetoscopy are discussed. Indications, technical considerations and limitations are presented. Parental reactions to the stresses encountered during the process of prenatal diagnosis are related. Implications are identified for nursing care practice in different clinical settings including prenatal diagnostic units, paediatric services, obstetrical services and in the community.


Measuring life satisfaction in an elderly female population. The study described in this paper was undertaken as part of the pilot work for a main study, which attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of health visitor intervention on an elderly female population in Scotland. The Life Satisfaction Index A (Neugarten et al. 1961) was modified by the researcher and tested on a female Scottish population and is subsequently being used as one of three outcome measures of health visitor intervention.


Methods of teaching - revisited: a format for discussion.


Health visitor selection: a review of the processes influencing the selection of potential students in the United Kingdom.


Landmark statement: consideration of legislative mandatory continuing education proposals.


Care of the elderly: a national and international issue.


Challenging the challenge examinations.

Challenging the challenge examinations.


Notes on continuing education. The first hour: creating a learning evironment.


Typhoid fever 1979--a new perspective on an old disease.


The use of a simulation game in training hospital staff about patient rights.


Syringomyelia: a nursing review.

Syringomyelia: a nursing review.


Continuing education: an outreach approach.


Dehydrating agents commonly used in neurosurgery: advantages and disadvantages.


Protocol for intravenous barbiturate therapy in increased intracranial pressure in a community hospital. A barbiturate protocol for control of raised intracranial pressure is presented in detail. Since the nursing staff may be responsible for maintaining cerebral perfusion and normal ICP with barbiturates, mannitol, fluids, and pressor agents, it was thought that a detailed description such as presented might be useful. We have shown that complex management protocols can easily be managed, even in smaller, non-university community hospitals. The present state of brain injury management by barbiturates, guided by ICP monitoring, even at this early stage of development, seems to show promise as the latest adjunct in the care of this difficult problem.


Through the eyes of continuing education - England & Wales.


The neurologic examination in patients with central nervous system trauma. The neurological assessment of the head injured patient must be integrated into the emergency management and daily care of the patient. Neurosurgical nurses are in the best position to perform serial neurologic examinations and assess changes in the patient's clinical picture. If this added responsibility is assumed, neurosurgical nurses must take an active role in improving assessment skills. The improved assessment of the head injured patient will result in early intervention in the patient's course to avert potential problems, thus resulting in improved morbidity and eventual outcome. As neurosurgical nurses expand their roles in nursing, improved patient assessments are mandatory to deliver optimal patient care.


The role of nurse clinicians in current nursing practice.


Nursing problems of patients undergoing aminocaproic acid treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm.


Seizures: etiology, classification, intervention.


Cerebral artery vasospasm and current trends of treatment.


No words can describe this.

No words can describe this.


Multiple sclerosis: does the mystery remain?


MBO and performance appraisal.

MBO and performance appraisal. Using an MBO approach, a nurse administrator tapped the resources of her staff to diagnose and resolve a performance appraisal problem. A new performance evaluation system that embodies the concepts of MBO resulted. Through this process, MBO was implemented at the unit level, where it had previously been resisted.


ANA's program of certification in nursing administration.


Pharmacology program produces results.

Pharmacology program produces results. A traditional inservice pharmacology program presented problems for the participants, educators, and head nurses and, despite the program, a significant number of medication errors occurred. A new program, based on principles of adult education, has had positive effects on patient care and is viewed favorably by educators and participants. The results suggest that competency-based education in other areas could have similar benefits.


The planning process and development of a time line. Careful organization is the key to effective facilities planning. This article outlines the major steps in organizing a planning effort and discussed techniques for estimating project time and manpower requirements. Methods for reducing the duration of the project are also briefly discussed. The information can be generalized for use in planning any complex project.


Institutional living: a resident's observations.


Two management systems in a nursing private practice group. Entry into private practice can be rewarding for nurses who are willing to risk personal, financial, and professional security. Among the problems faced by the nurse in this new role is the administration of the practice, since few, if any, adequate models exist. This article describes the struggle of nurses in one private nursing practice, Creative Health Services, to meet their needs for individual freedom within an organization that is regulated sufficiently to maintain its viability.


Nurse turnover in the newborn intensive care unit. Nurse retention has become a significant issue in the newborn intensive care units for two main reasons: 1) the quality of care declines as it is delivered by inexperienced nurses, and 2) the cost of orienting new nurses is exorbitant. "Stress" has been implicated as one of the important factors in nurse retention; it appears that a paradox exists in that the stress/excitement that attracts a nurse to the newborn ICU in the first place may ultimately drive her away. We attempted to define stress factors in the Turner Newborn Intensive Care Unit at Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas, and to develop management methods to decrease stress. Over a three-year period, during the implementing of new programs, nurse termination rates decreased significantly, as did turnover.


Neonatal circumcision.

Neonatal circumcision. The American Academy of Pediatrics has stated that there is no valid medical reason for performing routine neonatal circumcision. Although the issue is hotly debated in medical circles, little attention has been given to the issue in the nursing literature. It is important that nurses understand the medical, social, religious, and child care issues involved in order to help parents make informed decisions regarding circumcision of their neonate.


Home birth--a manifestation of aggression? An increasing number of women today are choosing to have their babies at home. Health professionals concerned about the welfare of both mother and baby sometime tend to respond to these mothers by lecturing rather than listening. This tends to block communication. As a result, women become frustrated and often leave the health care system. This paper attempts to understand the behavior of women who seek a home birth and hypothesizes that these women are responding in a normal, healthy manner to threats imposed by present maternity care. Viewing women who seek home birth from this perspective would tend to facilitate communication. Through open communication the home birth option can be viewed not as a movement or fad, but as a growth period for women and maternity care.


Another tough winter.

Another tough winter.


Fathers and childbirth: changing attitudes and expectations.


Estrogens + patient package insert = confused patients. A brief review of the patient package inserts concept and estrogen pharmacology is presented. Then the need for patient education is discussed along with recommendations for a team approach to managing patient anxiety by helping patients understand the estrogen-containing products they are using. This article takes issue with the physicians' handling of patient inserts in estrogen-containing medications when presenting such medication to a patient in need.  This discussion follows a brief review of the rationale of the Food and Drug Administration of using package inserts and a review of estrogen uses, adverse reactions, cautions, and side effects.  The author argues for a more cooperative approach to patient package inserts, which would require direct participation by the physician rather than simple passive reading by the patient.  A questionnaire survey on patients' attitudes, knowledge, views, and sources of drug information on oral contraceptives, with particular attention to the role of the patient-oriented package insert, concluded that professional sources (physician, nurse, or pharmacist) were preferred over nonprofessional and media sources.  A collaborative approach to drug education is recommended, and suggestions for implementation are set forth.


A review of paediatric allergies.

A review of paediatric allergies.


Ready for the next birth boom?

Ready for the next birth boom?


Social welfare: job or profession?

Social welfare: job or profession?


Thoughts on varicose veins.

Thoughts on varicose veins.


Rheumatology nursing: a specialty you can tailor to your talents.


Career advice: up in the air.

Career advice: up in the air.


The relationship between previous elective abortions and postpartum depressive reactions. To test the hypothesis that primiparas who have had a previous elective abortion will have a higher incidence of depressive reactions postpartum than will primiparas who have not, 48 women pregnant for the first time and 25 who had had one abortion were interviewed six to eight weeks postpartum. No significant difference in the incidence of depression between the two groups could be found. In addition, when associations between their mean depression scores and other variables such as planned pregnancy, preferred infant sex, identified obstetrical problems, help at home, experiencing the baby blues, and an identified recent sad life event were calculated, no significant differences were noted. Spontaneous comments from the previously aborted women suggested that anxiety during pregnancy concerning the infant's health was a greater source of discomfort than was postpartum depression. This study investigated an hypothesis which states that primiparas who have had a previous elective abortion would experience a higher incidence of depressive reactions postpartum that primiparas who had not.  The experimental group consisted of 48 gravida 2, para 1, and the control group of gravida 1, para 1 included 25 women.  All were interviewed 6-8 weeks postpartum, and data were tabulated in a 2 x 2 table.  A chi-squared test of the hypothesis was equivalent to a significance level of P=.39, with a 1-tailed test and with 1 degree of freedom.  Therefore, the data showed no significant differences between the 2 groups studied.  This was further supported by the low coefficient of contingency (C=.03) which indicated little correlation between depression and prior abortion.  In addition, there were no differences among the 2 groups in mean depressive scores with respect to other variables such as planned pregnancy, preferred infant sex, identified obstetrical problems, help at home, the baby blues, or an identified sad event.  Spontaneous comments from the previously aborted women suggested that anxiety during pregnancy concerning the infants' health was a greater source of discomfort than was postpartum depression.


The relationship of age to nurses' attitudes toward abortion. An attitude questionnaire was distributed to 200 nurses to study the relationship of age to nurses' attitudes toward abortion. Of 139 responses, 128 were usable. The data showed that for this sample a combination of age and religion had the greatest influence on attitudes. With the exception of Catholic nurses, nurses 30 years of age and over were found to have attitudes at least as approving as those of nurses under 30.


Reprieve.

Reprieve.


Just another patient with gallstones? Don't you believe it.


Enhancement of mother-infant social interaction. Thirty infants were assessed on the third day after delivery to determine their individual capabilities for social interactions. A modified Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale was used. The infant's mothers were interviewed to determine their perceptions of the social behavioral potential of their neonates. It was found that mothers had expected and did observe behaviors which the Brazelton Scale measures. The mothers did not, however, realize the purposeful nature of behavior such as response decrements to stimuli and finger sucking. Incorporation of this information in the lay literature related to childbearing and childrearing and in expectant parents' classes is recommended. A further recommendation considers the nurses' active role in contributing to the enhancement of maternal-infant social interaction during the early neonatal period.


What to do when you think there's nothing you can do.


Feelings, feelings: how to make a rational response to emotional behavior.


Follow-through evaluation: a resource for curriculum planning and development.


Unwed adolescent primigravidas identify subject matter for prenatal classes. The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify areas that the unwed 15- to 19-year-old primigravida felt should be included in prenatal classes. The sample consisted of 15 subjects, three from each year of age, 15 through 19. Data were collected by a structured interview. The findings revealed that these adolescents tended to select topics for prenatal classes that were self-oriented, the most important topic identified being the labor and delivery process. However, the other traditional prenatal class topics were not the major concerns of these adolescents. They preferred a group-discussion-oriented class. These findings could be useful for nurses teaching adolescent prenatal classes.


Nursing grand rounds: an experience in primary care.


Hemodialysis means vascular access - and the right kind of nursing care.


Non-nurses in an MSN Program: comparing liberal arts and science majors.


A Nursing 79 Handbook. Your legal guide to nursing practice.


Full-time nurse or part-time nurse: who comes out ahead?


Working with adult learners.

Working with adult learners.


Ambulatory nursing: diabetics can be vegetarians.


Measuring central venous pressure: how to do it accurately - and safely.


Liability for unit-dose injectables.

Liability for unit-dose injectables.


Encopresis in children.

Encopresis in children.


Curriculum consultation.

Curriculum consultation.


Evaluating performance of nursing personnel.


Nurse response to patients in pain: an analysis and an imperative for action.


Responsibility to self: first step to leadership.


Leadership in oncology nursing.

Leadership in oncology nursing.


Leadership--the needed component.

Leadership--the needed component.


Occupational first aid. No. 9. Diabetes.


Occupational health: a science?

Occupational health: a science?


Case history: advanced Raynaud's phenomenon in a tube beveller.


Occupational psychology - an unexploited resource.


Safety: a breath of fresh air.

Safety: a breath of fresh air.


Occupational first aid. No. 10. Legislation.


Recognising stress.

Recognising stress.


Stress, illness and social class.

Stress, illness and social class.


Carcinogens and mutagens.

Carcinogens and mutagens.


Safety. The how and why of wear: preventing machinery failure.


Home care--the other choice.

Home care--the other choice.


A coalition for health: bridge between individual accountability and public policy.


Nursing in a multi-disciplinary setting.


Team approach.

Team approach.


Examination hints.

Examination hints.


The role of the nurse in the management of acute myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit.


Medical organisation for mass disaster.

Medical organisation for mass disaster.


Disaster planning.

Disaster planning.


Management of mass disaster -- resuscitation.


Health care for Singapore's school children.


The role of the doctor in the management of hypertension.


The role of the nurse in the management of hypertension.


The role of health education in hypertension.


Treatment of essential hypertension.

Treatment of essential hypertension.


Common cancers in females with special stress on cancers of the breast and cervix.


Suicide intervention.

Suicide intervention.


Home nursing services.

Home nursing services.


Home nursing.

Home nursing.


The curriculum vitae--what it is and what it is not.


A costing methodology for schools of nursing.


The dirty house.

The dirty house.


The external doctorate.

The external doctorate.


Successive research: a strategy for building on previous research.


Predicting student performance from college admission criteria.


Educational preparation for nursing--1978.


Nursing as a design process.

Nursing as a design process.


Development of nursing theory. Doctoral programs: criticisms, problems, beliefs, solutions.


The handicapped child: what is an autistic child?


The handicapped child: children with dyslexia.


A lead for nurse managers.

A lead for nurse managers.


Newsmakers: research at the Joint Board.


Nursing Times explains the Bridlington Agreement.


The butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker.


Nursing care study: carcinomatosis from a primary bronchogenic tumour.


Whole gut irrigation: an assessment of this technique for geriatric patients.


Time to look again at role-based training for nurse managers.


The specialist nurse teacher.

The specialist nurse teacher.


Something entirely different.

Something entirely different.


Activities and priorities and health visitors - 1.


Nurse could you care more?

Nurse could you care more?


The personnel nurse: area nurse (personnel) officer.


The personnel nurse: quo vadis?

The personnel nurse: quo vadis?


The personnel nurse: the function of the personnel nurse.


Nursing care study: Hodgkin's disease.

Nursing care study: Hodgkin's disease.


Acute intermittent porphyria.

Acute intermittent porphyria.


An external fixation device for the treatment of fractures.


Fetal movement recording: a guide to fetal well-being.


The one that nearly got away.

The one that nearly got away.


Cancer chemotherapy: a guide for nurses. Biochemistry and pharmacology.


Activities and priorities of health visitors--2.


When it comes to the crunch--will Clegg bring nurse conflicts to a head?


Bereavement: a personal experience.

Bereavement: a personal experience.


Let the punishment fit the crime?

Let the punishment fit the crime?


Nursing care study: schizophrenia--or not?


The way forward in nurse allocation: a reappraisal of the role of the allocation officer.


Silastic foam elastomer for treating open granulating wounds.


Ambulant incontinent patients in general practice.


Question and answer board.

Question and answer board.


At risk--in AD 2020.

At risk--in AD 2020.


Sickness/absence--a manpower planning index.


Letter from Australia--1.

Letter from Australia--1.


Technology in nursing: radiotherapy. 8. Dosimetry.


Causes of aggressive behaviour.

Causes of aggressive behaviour.


Management of children with aggression.

Management of children with aggression.


A little boy with an imperforate anus.

A little boy with an imperforate anus.


Polyps of the large intestine.

Polyps of the large intestine.


Food wastage in a burns unit.

Food wastage in a burns unit.


Reassurance.

Reassurance.


A change of scene -- 2. Effects of the new home on patients and nurses.


Day programme to help alcoholics.

Day programme to help alcoholics.


Sex discrimination and psychiatric nursing.


Midwifery with a difference.

Midwifery with a difference.


Symposium on child psychiatric nursing.

Symposium on child psychiatric nursing.


Sudden infant death syndrome: a framework for preventive mental health.


Legal rights of children: implications for nurses.


Child abuse.

Child abuse.


Mental status examinations with children and adolescents; a developmental approach.


Behavioral aspects of chronic physical disease.


A systems approach to emotional disorders of children.


Caring for the dying child.

Caring for the dying child.


Sexual development of children and adolescents.


Symposium on the implementation of nursing diagnosis.


The concept of nursing diagnosis.

The concept of nursing diagnosis.


The implementation of nursing diagnosis in clinical practice.


Implementation of nursing diagnosis: a nursing administrator's perspective.


Nursing diagnosis in a discharge planning program.


Nursing diagnosis in a community health setting.


Nursing diagnosis in private practice.

Nursing diagnosis in private practice.


Nursing diagnosis in teaching and curriculum planning.


Legal implications of nursing diagnosis.


Qualified personnel or traditional midwives? Women's choice in rural India.


UNICEF in India and IYC--1979.

UNICEF in India and IYC--1979.


Programmed investigation unit.

Programmed investigation unit.


Person oriented or work oriented?

Person oriented or work oriented?


A study of knowledge beliefs and practices in relation to cancer prevention and control in a group of women and their relationship with selected factors.


Children's plight--who is responsible.

Children's plight--who is responsible.


Don't call them 'nurses'.

Don't call them 'nurses'.


On the other side of the fence.

On the other side of the fence.


The right to strike.

The right to strike.


My nightmare in a Russian hospital.

My nightmare in a Russian hospital.


Don't expect - at her age!

Don't expect - at her age!


Layman's guide to common complaints. 10. Poisons and poisoning.


Prevention: how to stay healthy. 2. Exercise.


Keeping on the boil.

Keeping on the boil.


Charting the way ahead.

Charting the way ahead.


Management: when it comes to the crunch.


Gunshot wounds: when a victim gets the bullet.


Community nursing: 'belonging' in suburbia.


Nursing care study. Behaviour therapy: a speech target for Mark.


Let dad play his part too.

Let dad play his part too.


Constipation: keeping a true perspective.


Time for student status for students.

Time for student status for students.


When Skye's the limit!

When Skye's the limit!


Layman's guide to common complaints. 11. Food poisoning.


Don't expect relatives to help.

Don't expect relatives to help.


Disease: its cause and effect. 3. Disorders of metabolism - diabetes mellitus.


Prevention: how to stay healthy. 3. Cigarette smoking.


Broadmoor: 'powder keg'.

Broadmoor: 'powder keg'.


Community nursing: when crisis hits the home.


Acute poliomyelitis: still an ever-present threat.


Bomb blast injuries: in an explosive situation.


Playing the interview game.

Playing the interview game.


The right to strike.

The right to strike.


Oil-rich nursing.

Oil-rich nursing.


Layman's guide to common complaints. 12. Headache.


Control yourself--and enjoy a drink.

Control yourself--and enjoy a drink.


Don't tell her--she'll worry!

Don't tell her--she'll worry!


Prevention: how to stay healthy. 4: Alcohol.


Disease: its cause and effect. 4: Degenerative diseases.


Community nursing: crisis team turn chaos into relief.


Nursing care study. Aneurysm: suddenly, I had a violent pain.


1979: Winter of content?

1979: Winter of content?


Seeing things through.

Seeing things through.


Don't write our requiem.

Don't write our requiem.


A formal future for the student.

A formal future for the student.


The individual approach.

The individual approach.


A rare bird.

A rare bird.


Sophisticated nuts and bolts - or beds of nails?


Counting the cost of TUC affiliation.

Counting the cost of TUC affiliation.


Never mind the stone-ground eggs.

Never mind the stone-ground eggs.


Who asks the processed patient?

Who asks the processed patient?


It can be lethal in the care unit.

It can be lethal in the care unit.


The junior nurse's dilemma.

The junior nurse's dilemma.


Nursing the elderly: don't trust him - he can't cope!


Management: challenge for the 21st century.


Management. The consensus is: don't be too rigid.


Community nursing: Why did Jay ignore us?


Disease: its cause and effect. 5: Neoplastic disease.


Prevention: how to stay healthy. 5: Mental fitness.


De Lange syndrome: disorder with many peculiarities.


Nursing care study. Tetraplegia: 'Has a future but won't use it.'.


Wasting away in the NHS.

Wasting away in the NHS.


Rubbish! SENs are not second class.

Rubbish! SENs are not second class.


Through the eyes of the child: where children's rights still aren't right.


Through the eyes of the child: putting child abuse in perspective.


Through the eyes of the child: when Daddy loses his job.


Through the eyes of the child: food for thought in work immigrants.


Through the eyes of the child: new role for the 'nit lady'.


Nursingthe elderly: don't get up--you'll fall!


Through the eyes of the child: a health future for health visitors.


Prevention: how to stay healthy. 6: Drugs.


Disease: its cause and effect. 6: Immunological diseases.


Hoffmann apparatus: boning up on a brace.


Nursing care study. Replacement surgery: five-year delay saves a leg.


Getting back to grassroots.

Getting back to grassroots.


Outreach nursing in rural Vermont.

Outreach nursing in rural Vermont.


Assessment tools: oncology patient assessment tool.


Assessment tools: nursing histories - a guide, Yes. A form, no!


The Chicago experience: nurses petition for local chapter.


Nursing intervention in clinical research -- a model program of nursing contributions to a cooperative study group.


Certification within the specialties.

Certification within the specialties.


Standards implementation. ONS-ANA outcome standards for cancer nursing practice: models for implementation.


Professional communications. Part I: The abstract.


Oncology nursing.

Oncology nursing.


Where do we go from here?

Where do we go from here?


Conceptualizing general systems theory for nursing students and clinicians.


Sex Q & A: frank answers to your most delicate patient-counseling questions.


Occupational health nursing in the Philippines.


Nursing process: a tool to quality nursing.


Drug therapy today: how to cope with those new antihypertensive drugs.


What those blood gases can tell you.

What those blood gases can tell you.


Assertiveness workbook: when assertiveness exacts a price.


A primer on labor unionism.

A primer on labor unionism.


Nightmare drug.

Nightmare drug.


A declaration of concern on the plight of H-1 visa nurse participants.


Employment opportunities and the nursing profession.


Professional accountability in nursing.

Professional accountability in nursing.


Heparin lock: how, what, why.

Heparin lock: how, what, why.


ECGs made easier than ever.

ECGs made easier than ever.


Nursing experience: how Teresa died.

Nursing experience: how Teresa died.


'It seems like acute respiratory dysfunction.'.


Experiences in clinical problem solving: nursing decisions. Stroke! Pulling your patient through the acute phase.


What to watch for when you give digitalis.


Legally speaking. License suspended! A nursing board bares its teeth.


How to become hard as nails.

How to become hard as nails.


Leadership at work: painless performance evaluations--that work.


Nursing process project completed.

Nursing process project completed.


From theory to reality.

From theory to reality.


Diploma nursing - continued.

Diploma nursing - continued.


Silver threads among the gold: community health nurses and the elderly.


Texas Nursing interviews THA's 34th President: Ouida Weaver, RN.


Educational standards: straight jacket or freedom? Part 3: Curriculum standards in the diploma program, in the associate degree program, in the baccalaureate program.


Texas RNs reveal feelings.

Texas RNs reveal feelings.


Play's the thing.

Play's the thing.


Giving a speech: a three-stage process.

Giving a speech: a three-stage process.


In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from prostatic fluid. Bacterial isolates from expressed prostatic secretions were tested in vitro for susceptibility to five antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of prostatitis. Comparisons of susceptibility and resistance were made between minocycline and each of the other four agents: tetracycline, cephalexin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A high percentage of the isolates from patients with prostatitis which were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole were susceptible to minocycline.


Concept of grandfather clause explained in background paper.


Teaching successful use of the diaphragm. The effectiveness of the diaphragm can be enhanced and the frequency of side effects reduced If: 1) the diaphragm is prescribed only for those patients who meet the necessary medical, anatomical, and psychological requirements; 2) the device is fitted properly; and 3) the patient is carefully instructed in the use and care of the device.  The diaphragm should be prescribed only for the patients who are unable to use oral contraceptives or IUDs and who are not allergic to spermicides.  Anatomically the patient must have adequate muscle support, a palpable notch behind the symphysis pubis, the cervix must be of sufficient size, the anterior vaginal wall of moderate length, and the uterus and other nearby organs should not be displaced.  Psychologically the patient must be sufficiently motivated to insert the device prior to each coital act and endowed with enough self-confidence to insert the device properly.  The physician should also ascertain whether the device is acceptable to her partner.  Prior to fitting the pelvis should be examined, and the type and size of the device determined by the pelvic findings.  The patient must be taught how to insert the device.  She should practice inserting the diaphragm in the presence of the examiner.  Women should be instructed: 1) to use the device each night; 2) to always use the diaphragm, in combination with a spermicide; 3) to leave the device in place at least 6-8 hours following intercourse; 4) to remove, clean, and inspect the device daily; and 5) to use the device during menstruation.  The patient should return for a checkup 2 weeks after the initial visit and then once every year.


Advocacy for the aged.

Advocacy for the aged.


How to write your resumé.

How to write your resumé.


Are there true problem patients?

Are there true problem patients?


Clinical nursing: "curiouser and curiouser".


Nursepower: what do statistics reveal about the nation's nurses?


Terminal care and nursing education.

Terminal care and nursing education.


Burkitt's lymphoma.

Burkitt's lymphoma.


Programmed instruction: nursing care of a patient in traction.


Behind the heavy metal door.

Behind the heavy metal door.


Glasgow coma scale.

Glasgow coma scale.


Analgesics at the bedside.

Analgesics at the bedside.


What open heart surgery patients want to know.


Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.


Carotid catastrophe.

Carotid catastrophe.


Dimensions of sexual health.

Dimensions of sexual health.


Cues that trigger participation in health screening.


Effect of nurse teaching on the primipara's perception of her newborn.


Guidelines for spiritual assessment.

Guidelines for spiritual assessment.


"Special" patients.

"Special" patients.


Helping people with cancer consider parenthood.


The effect of sexual stereotyping on the development of nursing theory.


The patient with scoliosis. The defect: classification and detection.


The patient with scoliosis. Carole, a girl treated with bracing.


The patient with scoliosis. Spinal fusion: emotional stress and adjustment.


The law and the occupational health nurse.


Oxacillin-induced lysis of Staphylococcus aureus. Six clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were compared for their relative susceptibilities to the killing effects of oxacillin. Three of the strains had minimum bactericidal concentrations which were >10 times the minimum bacteriostatic concentration for this antibiotic and were designated tolerant (Tol(+)). The other strains had minimum bactericidal concentrations which were comparable to the minimum bacteriostatic concentration (Tol(-)). Lysis curves of these strains revealed that the Tol(+) strains exhibited a diminished rate of lysis when inhibited by oxacillin. This reduced rate of lysis was reflected also in a reduced rate of viability loss when the cells were exposed to oxacillin. During log growth the uptake of [(14)C]glycerol by Tol(+) cells was 1.5-fold greater than that by Tol(-) cells. Glycerol-labeled cells of each phenotype secreted radioactivity when inhibited by oxacillin. However, the Tol(+) strains released over twice as much label as the Tol(-) strains. No difference in the proportion of lipid secreted by the two phenotypes was found. The behavior of 60 to 65% of the labeled material released by inhibited cells during both sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and Sepharose 6B chromatography corresponded to that of lipoteichoic acid. When the major component of secreted material was added to oxacillin-inhibited Tol(-) strains, an inhibition of the lytic response was observed. These results suggest that oxacillin tolerance in S. aureus could be related to the enhanced secretion of an autolysin inhibitor, such as lipoteichoic acid.


Effects of surgical positioning.

Effects of surgical positioning.


Communication skills for getting ahead.

Communication skills for getting ahead.


Counseling helps gyn patients handle surgery.


Patient preference does not justify hiring practices.


Can a surgeon order photographs to protect himself?


RN supply predicted to be adequate by 1985.


For the patient's sake.

For the patient's sake.


Growing role for the nurse in oral surgery.


Preparation play helps children in hospitals.


Sterilization or disinfection of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes.


Nursing care for postanesthesia shivering.


How to budget for workshops and seminars.


Counts in the OR: accountability is not optional.


Who schedules cases when unit secretary gone?


Reusables vs disposables? Defending your position.


Preventing problems with product information.


Self-concept is key for nurse managers.

Self-concept is key for nurse managers.


BMET: new member on the OR team.

BMET: new member on the OR team.


How do nurses control stress in the OR?

How do nurses control stress in the OR?


Can malfunctioning sterilizer get nurses in legal hot water?


Making the library work for you.

Making the library work for you.


Developing empathy for effective communication.


Penicillinase-resistant penicillin/gentamicin synergism. Effect in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Gentamicin sulfate has been shown to enhance the effects of penicillinase-resistant penicillins against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, but the relevance of this observation to bacteremic patients is unclear. Therefore, serum samples from 14 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia were tested for growth inhibitory and bactericidal effects against the patients' own pathogen while they received a penicillinase-resistant penicillin alone, and again when gentamicin was added to the therapeutic regimen. Addition of gentamicin in vivo was associated with slight improvement in growth inhibitory activity but it caused profound increases in serum bactericidal activity. This effect could not be attributed to higher serum levels of penicillinase-resistant penicillin during gentamicin administration. Addition of gentamicin to penicillinase-resistant penicillin can lead to marked improvement in a patient's serum bactericidal activity against his own staphylococcal pathogen, and should be considered for any patient who does not respond to more conventional therapy.


An Artemia salina factor which counteracts the mRNA-induced inhibition of initiator Met-tRNA binding to initiation factor eIF-2.


Protein synthesis in muscles from normal and dystrophic hamsters. Homogenates of hindleg muscle were obtained from control and dystrophic male hamsters, 30 and 190 days of age, and were used to prepare the postmicrosomal pH5-supernatant fraction. The activity of this fraction in the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA into peptides was increased in the dystrophic-muscle preparations. No such increase was found in brain or liver preparations from dystrophic hamsters. The increased capacity for aminoacyl-tRNA binding that was observed in preparations from dystrophic animals is discussed.


Contacts with a Canadian "street level" drug and crisis centre, 1972-76. The Calgary Distress Centre/Drug Centre is a "street level" agency that deals with both drug and non-drug related crises. Telephone and drop-in service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The Centre has approximately 60 non-professional volunteers and a paid staff of six. Data about crisis information and counselling contacts over the period 1972-76 are presented and discussed. The Distress Centre/Drug Centre is perhaps a useful model on which to base other crisis intervention facilities. Furthermore, the systematic compilation of data regarding contacts with the agency provides significant insight regarding trends in drug use and evolution of the agency.


Social and family approach to drug addiction.


Opium use in two communities of Pakistan ---a preliminary comparison of rural and urban patterns. Interviews were conducted to clarify drug use patterns and characteristics of opium users in two communities. Because of the small number of subjects selected from only two communities, the results are not representative of the country as a whole. Nevertheless, in the city of Rawalpindi 90 users were studied and found to have a mean daily opium consumption of 0.9 grams at a cost of Rs. 1.00 ($US 0.10). Opium was taken by mouth once or twice daily. They were solitary users who first used opium as adults, most often for self-treatment of health disorders. The majority were employed males with no history of criminality. In the rural opium-producing village, 28 users were interviewed. They smoked opium three or four times a day in a social setting and reported a mean daily consumption of 11 grams. They were more likely to use the drug for its social and pleasure effects and to have addicts as close friends. The high dose was associated with adverse effects on work performance and with more severe withdrawal symptoms. The findings suggest different intervention strategies for the two populations.


Forced swimming in rats: hypothermia, immobility and the effects of imipramine. Rats when forced to swim in a restricted space not only became immobile but showed marked hypothermia. The hypothermia was greater than that observed after reserpine or Ro 4-1284 and was not antagonized by imipramine at doses which significantly reduced immobility. Hypothermia induced by forced swimming can therefore be dissociated from the immobility occurring in these conditions and also from drug-induced hypothermia.


Differential patterns of drug involvement among Israeli youth. The present study tries to link some demographic, social, psycholoogical and attitudinal variables of drug abuse. The findings were centred around the readiness of secondary school youth in Israel to be involved in drugs and their active searching for drug involvement. A dependent variable based on five indices of drug involvement was constructed. It was then related to parental control, peer involvement in drugs, sex differentiation and membership in youth movements. A bi-modal high involvement curve was found, the first mode consisting of youth of low socio-economic strata who are drop-outs, who associate with outside peer groups as an alternative to their shaky and diffused families and lack of involvement in school life. The other mode consists of youth with a higher socio-economic background who are involved with drugs due to their desire for new hedonistic and emotional experiences. Their openness to experiment with drugs is a corollary to their involvement within a peer group which condones and legitimizes narcotics as well as any experiences which irrespective of their source, provide "a good high". There is a sub-group within this group which would be involved with drugs as a partial escape from personal problems.


Stability of Cannabis sativa L. samples and their extracts, on prolonged storage in Delhi. The percentage rate of change into cannabinoids (Cannabidiol [CBD], tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and cannabinol [CBN]) was higher in cannabis samples than in the extracts. This is probalby due to the decomposition of acids into corresponding neutral cannabinoids under the conditions of storage. Previous claims that CBD content in plant material is relatively constant are not substantiated by our results. There was a 1.0-2.5-fold increase in CBD content in plant material compared with the extracts. However, the fact that there was no appreciable increase in CBD/CBN content in the stored extracts of the same samples supports the view that the step-wise extraction does not bring the acids into the final extract pure delta 9THC decomposed at a rate of 41 per cent per year under tropical storage conditions. The delta 9THC content decreased in the samples and equally in the extracts though 100 per cent conversion of THC to CBN does not take place. The higher CBN content found in extracts than that expected by the conversion THC to CBN is a result of metabolic conversion.


Detection and analysis of paraquat in confiscated marijuana samples. A spectrophotometric method used to test for paraquat in 160 confiscated marijuana samples is described. Twenty of these samples (12.5 per cent) tested positive for paraquat. Nine confiscated hash oil samples tested negative. The identification of paraquat was proven by isolation, chromatography, and spectral methods. The cannabinoids in paraquat positive Cannabis samples were analysed.


Psychiatric nursing in a non-psychiatric setting.


Management in psychiatric nursing.

Management in psychiatric nursing.


Selling water by the river.

Selling water by the river.


Antipsychiatric nursing: a personal overview.


Gerontological nursing and the health care system.


Lessons on leadership.

Lessons on leadership.


Philosophy provides the rationale for nursing's multiple research directions.


Proposed metaparadigm for nursing research and theory development. An analysis of Orem's self care theory.


Humanities: the nurse and historical research.


Excellence in nursing.

Excellence in nursing.


Comparative in vitro activity of Bay k 4999 and piperacillin.


Teaching concepts of good parenting.

Teaching concepts of good parenting.


Nursing care of mother and infant in Japan.


Child health and health and nursing services for children in Turkey.


Health care for children in Argentina.

Health care for children in Argentina.


The changing Greek family structure: influence upon the psychosocial development of children.


Characterization of R-plasmids coding for ampicillin resistance from Salmonella species. A sudden increase in the incidence of ampicillin resistance was observed among Salmonella species isolated within New Zealand in 1973--4. This increase was due mainly to the apperance and proliferation of Salmonella newington and Salmonella anatum serotypes resistant to ampicillin. The plasmid complements of 14 ampicillin-resistant S. newington and S. anatum isolates obtained from widely separated geographical areas within New Zealand between 1973 and 1974 were characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Each contained one or more plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 1.4 to 42 Mdal. Eleven isolates contained a self-transmissible plasmid of 33 Mdal which encoded resistance to ampicillin. After transfer to Escherichia coli, the 33 Mdal R-plasmids from each of these isolates were shown to be identical by restriction endonuclease analysis. The remaining three strains contained ampicillin R-plasmids having molecular weights of 35, 37.5 and 42 Mdal. These plasmids were shown by restriction endonuclease analysis to be related to the 33 Mdal R-plasmid. We conclude that the 33 Mdal plasmid and its derivatives were responsible for the increase in the incidence of ampicillin-resistant S. newington and S. anatum serotypes among the total Salmonella population.


Evaluation of a primary nursing system using the quality patient care scale. The quality of nursing care at the Children's Hospital National Medical Center was measured with the QualPaCS evaluation instrument before and after the implementation of primary nursing. Significantly higher mean QualPaCS scores under the new primary nursing system at CHNMC suggest that this change improved the quality of nursing care.


Time management.

Time management. Maximization of the nurse administrator's managerial time is the focus of this article. Activities inventory, goal setting, assessing peak and low times, scheduling activities, using transition times, streamlining paperwork, using the telephone, office visits, and meetings are discussed. The author addresses planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling at the organizational level as ways to maximize organizational time.


Sexuality: an ageless quality, a basic need.


Control of Christmas holiday census and staffing. Most hospitals experience decreased census during certain holiday periods. The costs related to keeping units open during these periods are major problems for nursing administrators. This article describes a holiday staffing plan that addresses the personal needs of staff and the need to control operations. The same principles may apply at other low census periods such as during summer months, vacation periods, or strikes.


A study of content needs in graduate gerontological nursing curriculum.


Dialectics of nursing homes and aging.

Dialectics of nursing homes and aging.


Developing a usable performance appraisal system. A sound, effective performance appraisal system is an important management tool for the nursing administrator. The author describes an approach to developing a performance appraisal system that yields reliable information about performance and is trusted and accepted by both appraisers and appraisees.


Transplantation shock: a geriatric relocation.


Subjective and objective measures of staffing adequacy.


The management process in 3D. A diagram showing the activities, functions, and basic elements of the executive's job.


Attitude change among health professionals: implications for gerontological nursing.


Faculty productivity.

Faculty productivity.


Know your community resources: the birth of a health clinic.


Developing a framework for an integrated nursing department.


Naturally occurring hyaline membrane disease syndromes in foals and piglets.


Pharmacology update. Aminoglycoside antibiotics.


Caring for the cardiac patient. "Ego infarction" psychological reactions to a heart attack.


Caring fot the cardiac patient: rehabilitation begins in the CCU.


Caring for the cardiac patient. Counseling the post-M.I. patient: the nurse's expanding role.


The colostomy patient. Part II: Caring for the patient at home.


A kitten in the care plan?

A kitten in the care plan?


Parent-parent support in the care of high-risk newborns. Despite the expertise of professional personnel in supporting parents of high-risk infants, parents with similar previous experiences can play a strong adjunctive role also. One program in which these parents were used as the key resource is described, including organization, actual operation, results, and problems.


Increase in diaphragm use in a university population. A striking increase observed in the demand for the diaphragm method at a contraception clinic for university women was documented by means of a record review and questionnaire. Record reviews completed at the conclusion of each semester from December 1973 to December 1976 showed a statistically significant increase in diaphragm acceptors. In the fall semester of 1976, diaphragm acceptors (49% of 151 patients) surpassed pill acceptors (46%). Data from 123 questionnaires revealed that concern for pill and IUD side effects was the primary reason for diaphragm choice. The study numbers are small, but a definite trend is evident. These educated young women may be forerunners, and an increase in diagphragm use in the general population may be seen in the near future. The Albany Medical College instituted weekly contraception clinics at the Health Service of a local university.  The clinic offered inexpensive contraceptive service for students and patient counseling.  The clinic has been self-supporting through low, fee-for-service charges.  Record reviews completed at the end of each semester from December 1973 to December 1976 showed a marked increase in diaphragm acceptors.  In the fall of 1976, diaphragm acceptors (49% of 151 patients) surpassed pill acceptors (46%).  Concern for pill and IUD side effects was the primary reason for diaphragm choice based on data from 123 interviews.  During the first year of operation a total of 196 patients were served: 146 (74%) chose pills, 17 (9%) selected the IUD, and only 13% (26) opted for the diaphragm.  In fall 1976, 49% chose the diaphragm.  46% chose the pill.  The biggest disadvantages of the diaphragm are that it is messy and interferes with spontaneity.  The advantages of the diaphragm, other than lack of side effects, are safety and reliability of the method, and a lack of need for constant protection because of infrequent relations.  The condom was the backup method used most frequently; 11 used no backup of any kind.  74% reported that they used the diaphragm with every contact; 40% did not.


The ffect of early parent-infant contact on newborn body temperature. To determine whether infants who are properly dried and wrapped can be held and warmed by parents in the delivery room without suffering a significant heat loss, temperatures of 100 infants were monitored with electronic thermometers after delivery; 50 were held by one or both parents and 50 were not held but immediately placed in a heated transporter. A two-tailed t test showed no significant differences between temperatures of the two groups.


Touching the high-risk obstetrical patient. Nurses are reminded that there is a patient, rather than just an array of technical marvels, in the intensive care labor unit. Practical measures for promoting the patient's physical ease are outlined, and the meaning of support is reviewed.


Considering patient-centered obstetric nursing care: why and how? The authors assay the need for, the procedures involved in, and the benefits derived from a primary nurse approach to providing patient-centered nursing care for those pregnant women who receive their major prenatal and postnatal care through clinic facilities rather than from private physicians.


Prenatal classes.

Prenatal classes.


Quality assurance in nursing: who is responsible?


Life cycle foot changes and shoe fitting needs.