A new microsurgical needleholder.

A new microsurgical needleholder. Microsurgery demands precise and rapid manipulation of needle and thread with maintenance of special respect for the fragility of the tissues. The design of the needleholder is of paramount importance in achieving these goals. The instrument described below is light, long enough to rest comfortably in the hand, and balanced in such a way that it can be manipulated into awkward corners with relative ease.


Amputation: surgical technique and postoperative management. The decision to amputate should be made with due consideration of the eventual rehabilitation of the patient. With this in mind, general principles of amputation surgery are outlined and specific levels of amputation are described. Early post-amputation management has advanced over the last two decades to make rehabilitation goals the more readily reached. These advances are discussed.


Endovenous diathermy sclerosis of varicose veins.


The rehabilitation of surgical patients with particular reference to traumatic upper limb disability.


Current practice of peripheral arterial surgery. Current methods of assessing and treating common problems in peripheral arterial surgery are reviewed, Topics specifically excluded are extracranial arterial disease, renovascular reconstruction, the thoracic aorta, and the upper limb arteries.


Aspects of the microcirculation.

Aspects of the microcirculation. The microcirculation is an important but little understood part of the cardiovascular system. As new techniques have been developed, more accurate information has become available concerning the changes in the microcirculation in both health and disease. A review has been made of some of the more important facets of the microcirculation of particular interest to surgeons. Reference is made to basic physiology, especially the mechanisms controlling flow in the microcirculation. The significance of changes in small blood vessels in hypovolaemic, septic, and progressive shock is also discussed, and the role of platelet aggregation in shock states is explored.


The initial phase of gastric emptying before and after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The initial phase of gastric emptying of solid food was monitored with the use of a gamma camera and on-line computer facilities. In normal subjects a consistent pattern was seen comprising an early delay in the onset of emptying ("plateau"), followed by an exponential decay curve. After vagotomy the plateau was lost, and the exponential pattern of emptying commenced once the stomach was full. There was no evidence of sudden "dumping" of contents from the stomach. The overall rates of emptying as measured by the half emptying time (T 1/2) were the same in normal and postvagotomy subjects.


Clinical experience with Samoans in Auckland, New Zealand. Samoans constitute the second largest ethnic Polynesian minority group in New Zealand. Generally, this is a socially and culturally deprived group from a European viewpoint. Causative factors of social and emotional stress and coping mechanisms are described. A number of culturally determined syndromes are encountered clinically. These are categorized. A practical, clinical approach to the Samoan patient is suggested.


Criminal commitment at governor's pleasure.


Cognitive function and length of survival in elderly subjects living at home. 177 people aged 65 or over, chosen at random from larger representative samples of elderly people living at home in Newcastle upon Tyne, were given the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) or a shortened form of it, and followed up for 7 years or till death. Discriminated function analysis showed that the power of the test score to predict death occurring within 2 years was not explained away by its correlations with age, sex, social class or physical disability. Exclusion of clinically diagnosed chronic brain syndromes reduced but did not abolish the relationship found to exist between test score and outcome. The ascertainment of impaired cognitive functioning has important applications in the assessment of prognosis and in the planning of care of elderly people.


Attitudes of young drug users towards significant life concepts as measured by the semantic differential. Thirty young drug users were matched for age and sex with thirty young orthopaedic outpatients. All completed an Osgood Semantic Differential. Results suggested that drug users see Drug Laws and Present Attitudes to Drug Use as bad. In the user group a poor perception of self is combined with concepts of ideal self which appear unattainable.


Crisis, life events and accidents.

Crisis, life events and accidents. Using two life event scales, we found that patients who had sustained accidental injuries had experienced more changes in their lives over the past six months than a matched control group drawn from students and persons undergoing minor surgery. The implications of this finding are discussed.


Early psycho-social assessment of overdose patients in a casualty department. In response to the very large number of patients presenting at the Casualty Department of the Alfred Hospital, Melbouren, following suicidal acts, a Psycho-Social Assessment Clinic employing a crisis intervention model was established in 1970. This communication outlines the structure and functions of the Clinic, describes 100 consecutive new patients seen over a four month period in 1974 and emphasises the benefits to both patients and hospital arising from the operation of such a Clinic.


Presidential Address: Adelaide Congress.


Myxoedema madness.

Myxoedema madness.


Melanesian psychiatry: the emerging pattern.


Clinical comparison of transvestism and transsexualism: an overview.


Uses and abuses of the psychiatric case register.


Consultation-liaison psychiatry.

Consultation-liaison psychiatry.


Characterization of glycogen phosphorylase isoenzymes present in cultured skeletal muscle from patients with McArdle's disease.


Acute pre-infarction angina.

Acute pre-infarction angina.


Mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysms: a rare cause of fatal hemoptysis.


Polycystic liver disease: case report.

Polycystic liver disease: case report.


Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets.


Dental materials.

Dental materials.


Undergraduate teaching in dental materials.


National Joint Council for the Craft of Dental Technicians. Draft guidelines for education programmes for dental technology.


A method of controlled ventilation with a circle-absorber breathing system. A simple method of adapting a pressure-cycled ventilator of the flow generator type to ventilate patients on a circle-absorber anaesthetic system is described. Standard lengths of corrugated black rubber tubing are placed between the ventilator and the circle-absorber is deadspace, replacing the reservoir bag. The performance of this modification was investigated and a functional volume for the tubing calculated. There was a simple relationship between the tidal volume, the length of tubing and the fresh gas flow required to avoid dilution of the anaesthetic gases by the driving gases.


Effect of methylprednisolone on the nucleoside metabolism of a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Concentrations of methylprednisolone which have lethal effects on human lymphoblastoid cell lines in vitro cause a reduction both in the uptake of uridine and thymidine into acid-soluble material and their incorporation into acid-insoluble material. These effects are virtually instantaneous, which indicates that they do not depend on alterations in gene activity. Normal uptake of nucleosides into cells is by both simple and facilitated diffusion, and methylprednisolone appears to act directly on the cell surface to inhibit only facilitated diffusion uptake.


Amylo-1,6-glucosidase/4-alpha-glucanotransferase: use of reversible substrate model inhibitors to study the binding and active sites of rabbit muscle debranching enzyme.


A test with dexamethasone in acute leukemia. A simple test with dexamethasone (DMS) in acute leukemia (AL) is described. In peripheral blood, blast cell count is determined before 8 mg DMS are given intravenously, and 2, 4 and 6 hours afterwards. The result is expressed as the lowest blast cell count after DMS in percentage of the initial value. This test was performed on 51 adult patients with AL. The results were correlated with the morphological and cytochemical classification. Only patients with clearly classified AL were evaluated. A statistically significant difference in blast cell response between acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was observed. In 12 out of 16 cases of ALL, but in only 1 out of 19 cases of AML, the blast cell count decreased to 50 percent or less of the initial value. The results of the test were further correlated with the results of treatment. In 11 out of 12 patients with ALL, who showed a response to DMS, glucocorticoids were included in the treatment regimen. A complete remission was obtained in 7 out of 10 patients who were treated for the first time. In the remaining 4 patients with a poor response to DMS, a complete remission after the first treatment was obtained in only one case. The number of patients examined is to small for final conclusions on the value of this test for a discrimination between glucocorticoid-responsive and non-responsive cases of AL. Nevertheless, these preliminary results indicate that further trials seem to be warranted.


Turning points.

Turning points.


Prolonged remission maintenance in acute myeloid leukaemia.


Synthesis of hyaluronic acid by rat osteogenic sarcoma cells in culture.


Fanconi anemia leading to acute myelomonocytic leukemia: cytogenetic studies. A 6-year-old boy with Fanconi anemia, developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia with marker chromosomes from an interchange in the malignant clone in the bone marrow. The possible aetiological role of therapy, the morphological characteristics and chromosome aberrations of the bone marrow cell line are discussed in relation to previous reported cases of Fanconi anemia in which acute leukemia has supervened.


Inhibition of glucose utilization in oral streptococci by low concentrations of fluoride.


The influence of fluoride on the uptake of protein by hydroxyapatite.


Strontium content of enamel and dental caries.


The identification and enumeration of actinomyces from plaque of New Guinea indigenes.


Effects of sweets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate on dental plaque composition.


The role in dental fluorosis of the availability of bone mineral in mice.


Progress reports are comforting.

Progress reports are comforting.


A special day at 'people's clinic'.

A special day at 'people's clinic'.


ADA president-elect Frank Bowyer: if we are not agents of change, we will become victims of change.


An evaluation of the laminated hydrocolloid impression technique.


Scanning electron microscopy of enamel drop.


A clinico-anatomical study for the determining root canal length by use of a novelty low frequency oscillation device.


The clinical features of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.


Conceptions of Finnish people about their periodontal situation. The conceptions of Finns regarding their own periodontal status were surveyed in 1972. The interviewed sample, drawn to cover the total Finnish population aged 15 years and over, comprised 965 persons. After exclusion of 233 edentulous subjects, a total of 732 dentulous persons were accepted for the present interview study. 10 percent of the interviewees were aware of their having gingivitis at that time. 57 percent were of the opinion that they had never had gingivitis. On the other hand, 20 percent of the interviewed persons had recently observed gum bleeding while 54 percent stated that they had never observed it. 21 percent of the interviewees were aware of their having dental calculus and 46 percent had the impression that they had never had calculus. 24 oercent of those interviewees who presently had calculus or had had calculus stated that they had never had it removed. Generally Finns failed to realize that gingival bleeding is a symptom of gingival inflammation. This point should be made clear in the dental health education of the future. The knowledge could help individuals to evaluate the state of their own periodontal tissues in order to obtain the best possible benefit from efficient home care.


Oral health status in relation to socioeconomic and ethnic characteristics of urban adults in the U.S.A. Nearly 1,300 adult members of a prepaid medical group plan in New York City were screened through automated multiphasic health testing in a series of test stations including a dental station, during 1971-1973. Oral status indicators were developed including a number of missing teeth, scores to measure levels of gingival and periodontal disease, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index scores, and ratios of decayed teeth. Ratios of filled teeth were calculated to measure levels of restorative care. The present paper examines the interrelationships of economic status, education and ethnic origin with each of the above oral status measures. It was found that variations in ratios of decayed and of filled teeth were primarily due to economic status while variations in a number of missing teeth, oral hygiene levels and levels of gingival and periodontal diseases were primarily due to screenees' educational level. Ethnic group differences could be explained in part by differences among these groups in economic and and educational levels. There were no consistent ethnic patterns, however, and while some differences could be explained by controlling for education and economic status, others persisted.


Relationship between sociomedical factors and TMJ-symptoms in Norwegians with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. The relationship between background characteristics, stress, reported symptoms and clinical findings was studied in a group comprising 333 patients with Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPD). Three-quarters of this clientele were women, most of them of young or middle age. The stressors most frequently reported were pressed working conditions, anxiety and frustration deriving from disease, and family problems. Of the symptoms, pain was reported by 78 percent of the patients, clicking by 53 percent, limitation of movement by 44 percent and feeling of stiffness and fatigue of masticatory muscles by 41 percent. Significant correlations were found between a number of variables, of which the close relationship between perceived pressors and muscle groups painful to palpation was considered to be a paramount importance. The data were combined into a hypothetic model postulating causal relations. The model was intended for testing and modification in coming studies.


Caries experience and oral cleanliness of 3- and 4-year-old children from deprived and non-deprived areas in Edinburgh, Scotland. Caries experience and oral cleanliness were measured in 1,453 3- and 4-year-old Edinburgh nursery schoolchildren living in areas of multiple urban deprivation and of non-deprivation in the city of Edinburgh. Children with poor oral cleanliness had a mean dmf value of 3.6 teeth compared with 1.6 teeth in those with good oral cleanliness. The greatest relative increases in caries experience were seen in the incisor and canine teeth and upon the occlusal and approximal surfaces. Children living in deprived city areas had a mean dmf value of 3.0 teeth compared with 2.0 teeth in those from non-deprived areas. This difference in caries experience was partially accounted for by the different standards of oral cleanliness found between the deprived and non-deprived areas. In the deprived areas there was a trend towards a high caries experience which was independent of the standard of oral cleanliness. The children were in considerable need of dental care. Only 23 percent of dmf teeth had been either extracted or restored.


Sympathetic cardiovascular reflex initiated by bradykinin-induced stimulation of cardiac pain receptors in the dog. 1. Bradykinin (0.02-5 microgram) applied to the epicardium of the left ventricle in the open-chest, anaesthetized dog, elicits dose-related reflex pressor effects and acceleration of the heart rate. 2. Bradykinin-induced reflex tachycardia was suppressed after the blockade of beta-adrenoceptors with propranolol, whereas reflex pressor responses were prevented by blocking the alpha-adrenoceptor sites with phenoxybenzamine. 3. Vagotomy and atropine treatment did not affect reflex hypertension and tachycardia to epicardial bradykinin. 4. After spinal section at C1, the pressor responses to epicardial bradykinin were significantly reduced, but still present in all but one experiment. A small acceleration of the heart occurred in two out of five spinal dogs with intact vagi and was absent in three vagotomized spinal dogs. 5. The results indicate the reflex activation of the sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels, mediated mainly at a supraspinal level as a predominant mechanism for the cardiovascular response initiated by bradykinin-induced stimulation of cardiac pain receptors.


Study of a fissure sealant in mentally retarded Canadian children. The occlusal fissure of 812 permanent and primary posterior teeth of 160 retarded children were sealed with a fluid resin which was polymerized with an ultra-voilet lamp. A half mouth technique was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the sealant in the prevention of fissure caries. The 1st year, the sealant was retained intact on 73 percent of the permanent teeth and on 64 percent of the primary teeth. After 2 years, the sealant was retained intact on 61% of the permanent teeth and on 40% of the primary teeth. The retention of the fissure sealant was better on premolars than molars both in the 1stand in the 2nd year. A single application of the fissure sealant was effective in reducing fissure caries up to 2 years.


A correlation study of diet, oral hygiene and dental caries in 457 Canadian children. The interrelationship of diet, oral hygiene and caries was evaluated. Of the sample size of 457 children, 234 were in grade 1 and 223 grade 7. Five-day diet surveys were obtained, followed by clinical examinations for oral hygiene and caries. One examiner, using mouth mirror, explorer and extraoral light, conducted the caries examination. From the diet surveys, refined and total carbohydrate consumption was calculated per day; between meals, at meals, and totaled for the day. Five-day totals, which included one weekend, were recorded along with frequency of eating per day and for the 5-day periods. Computer analysis revealed no significant correlation between the diet variables and caries or oral hygiene indices and caries. The children with high caries indices did not have the poorest oral hygiene nor consume the most carbohydrates. Similarly, the children with low caries indices did not have the cleanest teeth nor consume lesser amounts of carbohydrates.


Oral hygiene and gingival health in Danish dental students and faculty. This survey attempted to determine the status of oral cleanliness and gingival health in 150 dental students and 101 faculty members in a dental school. Without advance notice, plaque deposits were scored, using the Plaque Index System, and gingival health was determined using the criteria of the Gingival Index System. The 1st-year students had the poorest hygiene and gingival health. An improvement (P less than 0.01) was noted in the 2nd-year students who were still not in clinical training but had completed a course in preventive dentistry including oral hygiene techniques. Further improvement (P less than 0.05) was found in students participating in the clinical courses (3rd and 4th years). However, some deterioration of both hygiene and gingival status occurred in the senior 5th year. Among the faculty, the best oral hygiene and gingival state were found in members of departments in which clinical work centered around patient motivation toward prevention and tooth conservation. The scores for plaque and gingivitis were worse in the departments of oral surgery, dental materials, orthodontics and the basic science departments. Almost all departments and every class showed a few individuals with very poor oral hygiene. It is suggested that regular patient contact influences the personal attitude toward oral hygiene, and that professional activity and emphasis on different aspects of the curriculum may be reflected in the attitude of health professionals toward oral health.


Enamel mottling in a high strontium area of the U.S.A. As part of an epidemiologic study conducted in seven towns in Wisconsin, U.S.A., enamel mottling, opacities, and pigmentations were assessed in 1, 313 12- to 14-year-old schoolchildren. Enamel mottling was found to increase in prevalence and severity as strontium concentrations in communal drinking water increased. This trend held for lifelong residents only, and could not be demonstrated among children who immigrated to the towns after 1 year of life. No relationship of enamel mottling and water fluoride concentrations was found.


Pilot study on dental erosion in a Norwegian electrolytic zinc factory. In 12 workers in a Norwegian factory using electrolytic methods to extract zinc, a relationship was found to exist between degree of erosion, number of teeth affected and the length of service. The prevalence of caries, abrasion and attrition was not higher than in comparable population groups. The correlation between diagnosis of erosion based on clinical examination, and diagnosis based on evaluation of color slides was good.


Court speaks on dental ads.

Court speaks on dental ads.


The 1977 revised constitution of the Omaha District Dental Society Incorporated.


Prevalence of lead disease among secondary lead smelter workers and biological indicators of lead exposure.


Do you need a reminder? October is once again CFDE month!


"Since what we choose is what we are...".


CDA Council for Dental Materials and Devices. Status report: periodontal dressings.


Etiology and investigation of the sore mouth.


A dental convention with a difference--opportunity or responsibility?


Viewpoint. Radiographs and third-party carriers.


CDA Council for Dental Materials and Devices. Status report: high copper amalgams.


Report of a case: an aggressive central giant cell granuloma of the maxilla.


Ankylosis with and without oligodontia: report of seven cases.


Craniofacial anomalies--report of research.


Option.

Option.


Long range planning.

Long range planning.


Dilantin and its relation to caries incidence.


Viral hepatitis: implications in the dental profession.


Marking dentures for nursing home residents.


Handling children effectively in the dental chair.


Don't overlook deductions for moving expenses.


You didn't know you're a magician?

You didn't know you're a magician?


Haven't we dragged our feet long enough?


The ins and outs of retirement plans.

The ins and outs of retirement plans.


Improve staff performance with the "Hawthorne Effect".


Here's how addicts victimize dentists.

Here's how addicts victimize dentists.


Your retirement plan and the magic of time.


Do unexpected bills shatter you budget?

Do unexpected bills shatter you budget?


The emergency patient.

The emergency patient.


Put it in writing!

Put it in writing!


What is your practice worth?

What is your practice worth?


Perils of a cash practice.

Perils of a cash practice.


A letter to patients on insurance; just the facts, ma'am.


Your D.A. is your best computer.

Your D.A. is your best computer.


Skin manifestations in acute lymphatic leukosis.


Effect of leupeptin on induction of lymphoblastic leukemia in mice by N-nitrosobutylurea. The effect of leupeptin on the induction of lymphoblastic leukemia in ICR/JCL female mice by N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU) was investigated. NBU was given as a 0.02% solution in drinking water for 10 weeks. A 0.1% concentration of leupeptin was given in the diet. Group A was fed on the leupeptin diet from the beginning, Group B received it after the end of NBU treatment, and Group C was fed on a leupeptin-free control diet throughout. The average periods in the appearance of leukemia in groups A, B, and C were 115+/-50, 112+/-43, and 100+/-17 days (mean+/-SD), respectively, and there was a significant difference between groups A and B and Group C at P less than 0.001. In regard to this point, leupeptin might have the effect of retarding the rpocess of leukemogenesis. However, leupeptin showed no effect on the incidence and histopathological finding of leukemia.


Infection by the distribution of biotypes of enterobacteriacease species in leukaemic patients treated under ward conditions and in units for protective isolation in seven hospitals in Europe. In a cooperative study on the efficiency of isolation and decontamination in patients with acute leukaemia performed in seven hospitals in Europe, faecal samples and oral washings were collected twice weekly and shipped for culturing to a Central Bacteriological Laboratory. In this laboratory the Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from these samples were biotyped as well as those isolated from infections that occurred in these patients during treatment. Enterobacteriaceae biotypes isolated for the first time during the isolation phase of the patient indicated a leak in the isolation system. The "colonizing" (newly resident) biotypes of Enterobacteriaceae species were found to be more often involved in infections and to be more commonly distributed among the patients in the participating hospitals than the "contaminating" (transient) Enterobacteriaceae biotypes. Furthermore, a linear correlation was found between the incidence of gram-negative infections and the number of cases in which these Enterobacteriaceae biotypes colonized the gastro-intestinal tract of patients. The majority of the infections was caused by Enterobacteriaceae biotypes that had settled in the gastro-intestinal tract during treatment and consequently were of nosocomial origin.


Letter from the I.D.A. Central Committee Chairman.


Editorial note: the journal begins its second volume under the present editorship.


The myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome-a common expression to various etiologies.


State of the root filling in tooth 11.

State of the root filling in tooth 11.


The correction of mesially angulated semi-impacted molar teeth by simple orthodontic means.


Panoramic radiography in dentistry.

Panoramic radiography in dentistry. Examples of panoramic radiography equipment in use are briefly reviewed and the differences pointed out between those operating on the principle of tomography and other "panoramic" instruments. The various uses to which panoramic radiography is put are described and the problems involved in using them explained. The advantages and disadvantages of panoramic radiography are listed and comparisons drawn between the degree of clarity and precision for diagnosis obtained with it as against that obtained using normal periapical radiographs.


Editorial note: the second issue of our journal.


Acute maxillary sinusitis caused by a guttapercha point. A case of acute sinusitis caused by a gutta-percha point is presented. The foreign body was introduced into the sinus during root therapy. Antibiotic therapy was ineffective. Surgical treatment consisted of radical antrostomy and removal of the foreign body.


Saliva in diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases.


Comments on "dress and grooming in dental schools".


Human thymidylate synthetase derived from blast cells of patients with acture myelocytic leukemia. Purification and chracterization. Thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1.B.) from blast cells of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia has been purified more than 1470-fold by affinity column chromatography. Methotrexate was the affinity ligand. dUMP was found to be a necessary additive for retention of the enzyme by the affinity column. Disc electrophoresis and sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed a single enzyme species with a molecular weight of 76,000. The enzyme exhibits a temperature-dependent conformational change with activation energies of 5.3 +/- 0.4 and 17.3 +/- 1.9 kcal/mol, respectively, above and below a transitional temperature of 35 degrees. This conformational change is reflected in the binding affinity of dUMP but not of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. The enzyme displays a broad pH maximum in the range of pH 7.4 to 8.8. The Michaelis constants for dUMP and (+/--L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate are 1.8 +/- 0.2 and 31 +/- 8.3 micrometer, respectively. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies reveal the enzymic mechanism to be ordered sequential. dUMP binds before 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dihydrofolate is released before TMP. 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxy-5'-uridylate (FdUMP) behaves as in irreversible inhibitor with a Ki of 1.68 +/- 0.45 nM. The enzyme has a turnover number of 6 min-1 per FdUMP binding site. Methotrexate inhibits noncompetitively with respect to dUMP and binds tighter to the enzyme in the presence of dUMP. Methotrexate antagonizes inactivation of the enzyme by FdUMP.


A consumer advocate's view of community dentistry.


Postdoctoral research training in cariology: an opportunity initiated by the National Caries Program at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry. In response to the need for development of measures to effectively control human dental caries, a postdocroral research training program in cariology has been established at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry. This article discusses the concept of cariology, the background leading to the development of the program, and the goals and structure of the program. The recruiting and training of individuals to perform and direct multidisciplinary basic and applied research in cariology are explained. A didactic and clinical program is presented which gives a comprehensive introduction to cariology to trainees with a Ph.D degree and little previous knowledge of the multifactorial nature of dental caries.


A dental management information system.

A dental management information system.


Correlates of dentists' attitudes toward continuing education in TEAM. All dentists in active practice in Rhode Island were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward continuing education in TEAM. A total of 74.6 percent of those surveyed responded to the questionnaire. Only one variable, location in a building with other dental offices, was found to be associated with a perceived need for training in TEAM. Demographic background, practice busyness, practice efficiency, and knowledge and attitude profiles were found to be associated with an interest in attending such continuing education courses.


Course evaluation by committee.

Course evaluation by committee. An intradepartmental course evaluation committee has been established in the Department of Community Dentistry at the University of Louisville School of Dentistry. This committee's review of student evaluation mechanisms was a major focus in the assessment of all departmental courses. An evaluation technique, based on a comparison of existing student evaluation mechanisms against criteria established by the committee and approved by the departmental faculty, was designed and applied. The committee was viewed as successful by departmental course directors; however, its suggestions were not widely implemented by the departmental faculty. Several reasons are cited for this, as well as suggestions for future modifications of the committee's procedures.


Results of a workshop on the development of TEAM training programs. A two-week workshop was conducted to instruct current and potential directors of TEAM programs in planning and implementation of effective programs. A participant was sent by 36 of the 59 invited dental schools. Nineteen persons were selected as workshop faculty. The first week was spent in didactic sessions on educational methods, TEAM curriculum topics, and noncurricular issues. The second week was spent on development and review of original TEAM proposals. Significant overall gains in proficiency test scores were earned by both participants who came from schools with funded TEAM programs (n=16) and those from schools without funded programs (n=18). No test score differences were observed between these groups. The two areas of greatest perceived weakness at the end were evaluation and management training. Data on TEAM grant submissions during the two years following the workshop are discussed, along with several implications for planning of long-term workshops.


Survey of nontraditional functions performed by hygienists.


N-2 presentations in undergraduate curricula and continuing education courses.


Support the American College of Dentists Foundation.


Economic and philosophical factors in fee structuring.


Some perspectives on leadership in dentistry.


Correlation of community dentistry with the teaching of the biological and clinical sciences of dentistry.


A rationale for community based off-campus rotation.


Quality and perceived usefulness and utilization of continuing dental education.


Report of president.

Report of president.


Fluorosis in Kenya.

Fluorosis in Kenya.


Third party nonpayment.

Third party nonpayment.


Tooth stamps next?

Tooth stamps next?


CPR: a trend in modern dentistry.

CPR: a trend in modern dentistry.


Why you need adequate, written work authorizations. Council on Dental Laboratory Relations.


A comparison of glazing materials for composite restorations. Composite restorations containing quartz fillers have shown persistent roughness after finishing which contributes to marginal discoloration and staining. Resin finish coatings have been used to attempt to overcome this problem. This study was designed to compare the durability of two resin coating materials used on two brands of composite restorative materials. Results showed that composites glazed with resin coating finishes at placement maintained their luster, color match, and surface smoothness significantly better after one year than composites that were not coated. After a year it was concluded that composites on which the resin coating is intact maintain their color match, luster, and smoothness significantly better than uncoated composite restorations.


Surgical intervention to reestablish adequate intermaxillary space before fixed or removable prosthodontics. Supraeruption of the right maxillary molars and concomitant drop of the alveolar ridge resulted in loss of intermaxillary space. With the patient under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation, a posterior segmental osteotomy was performed, on an outpatient basis, to reposition this segment superiorly into the maxillary sinus. Stabilization was accomplished with a prefabricated acrylic splint. The patient quickly resumed her daily routine with normal postoperative healing and satisfactory intermaxillary space.


The medical consultation: its role in dentistry. Dental practice frequently requires close cooperation between the dentist and physician. The medical consultation request is extremely valuable in achieving this cooperation. The request must contain sufficient information to enable the physician to understand the dentist's findings, the patient's anticipated dental treatment needs, and the specific reasons for the consultation request. To ensure completeness, accuracy, and to provide a clear record from a medico-legal standpoint, the medical consultation request should be in writing.


Fluoride-vitamin supplements: effects on dental caries and fluorosis when used in areas with suboptimum fluoride in the water supply.


Four-year clinical evaluation of a pit and fissure sealant. The clinical retention of a single application of a pit and fissure sealant was evaluated on the teeth of children to determine the influence that this protective coating, or its loss, would have on caries activity during a four-year period. The sealant was fully retained on 50% of all paired permanent teeth at 48 months. Of the 689 pit regions that retained the sealant, 95% were rated as having severe loss of substance, only 5% as slight loss, and none with no loss of substance. It also was found that 53% of all paired permanent control teeth judged cariesfree at the baseline examination were found to be carious, whereas only 30% of the treated teeth examined were carious. The corresponding relative reduction in caries rates was, therefore, 43%. The actual number of teeth estimated to be saved by the sealant treatment at 48 months, as measured by net gain per 100 teeth treated, was 23. The net gain per child was estimated as 2.7 teeth saved from caries (full mouth), with a positive treatment benefit in 69% of the children. When the sealant remained intact, there was a pronounced reduction in caries initiation--the percent effectiveness being 84%.


A new desensitizing dentifrice: preliminary report. Dentin sensitivity is one of the most painful, ubiquitous, and least satisfactorily treated chronic problems of the teeth. The purpose of this clinical trial was to test the sensitivity-reducing effectiveness of five dentifrices over a six-week period. For the study, 176 adults, ages 18 to 63, exhibiting a total of 486 hypersensitive surfaces, were randomly allocated to five experimental groups to use one of the following: a strontium chloride dentifrice, a 0.4% stannous fluoride gel, a pluronic F-127-sodium citrate gel, a pluronic F-127 gel, or a control dentifrice. No specific instructions were provided as to the frequency or method of toothbrushing; thus, the participants brushed their teeth in their usual manner. The analysis of the data was limited to 168 persons who complied with study procedures. Chi-square analysis examined the statistical differences between the four test agents and the control formulation. The desensitizing effect of the pluronic plus sodium citrate gel was highly significant, and the plain pluronic F-127 preparation was effective to a lesser degree. Patients using the strontium chloride or stannous-fluoride-containing dentifrices did not exhibit a significant improvement over the control group. This study demonstrated that a pluronic polyol gel containing sodium citrate is highly effective in controlling tooth hypersensitivity.


Hereditary angioedema: review of literature and dental treatment. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant syndrome in which the pathogenesis differs from the more common nonhereditary (allergic) angioedema. Respiratory embarrassment precipitated by trauma (including dental manipulation) accounts for the high morbidity of the patients. The purpose of this paper is to establish a successful procedure for dental-medical treatment of patients with HAE.


New American Dental Association specification no. 30 for dental zinc oxide-eugenol type restorative materials. Council on Dental Materials and Devices.


Comparison of multiple assays for detecting human antibodies directed against surface antigens on normal and malignant human tissue culture cells. Four separate assays of human antibody reactivity to four separate normal and malignant human tissue culture cell lines from two patients have been evaluated using a single highly-reactive allogeneic serum. The visual and end-point cytolysis assay and the 51Chromium release assay were equally sensitive in measuring complement mediated antibody cytoxicity and both were far more sensitive than a trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The assay of antibody reactivity by hemadsorption technique was about 10 times more sensitive than any of the cytotoxicity assays. This latter assay measures only IgG antibody however. These assays showed that cell lines from different patients may differ greatly in 'reactivity' to an allogeneic serum and emphasized the importance of utilizing tumor and normal cells from the same patient when using tissue culture cells to search for tumor specific reactivity. These observations emphasize the importance of utilizing multiple assays against paired normal and malignant cells from the same patient to be certain of the specificity and magnitude of the measured antibody.


Irregular cervical dissemination of tumours of the maxillo-facial region. In nearly 90% of lymphatic disseminations, metastasis of carcinomata of the oral cavity follows the normal regional anatomy of the efferent lymphatic system, and usually manifests itself in three homolateral filtering groups. More than 90% of lymphatic metastases occur in the first year following diagnosis of the primary tumour. Such a sequence may be regarded as "regular" metastasis. Anatomical variations and metastasis-induced or therapy-induced blockage of the efferent lymphatic system can change the pattern of metastasis to "irregular". The present studies are specially directed towards recurrence of metastasis, lymphangiosis blastomatosa, the so-called late metastasis as well as the problem of branchiogenic carcinoma. The explanation of clinical aspects has been substantiated with topographic-anatomical and histological findings as well as experience gained in lymphography and lymphoscintigraphy of the cervical lymphatic system.


Haemangiosarcoma following irradiation of a haemangioma of the face. (Case report). The malignant complications of irradiating benign conditions are well known and fortunately less frequent than in a previous era of widespread use of superficial roentgen therapy. However, because of the long latent period from exposure to irradiation until the development of the tumour, the clinician must continue to be alert. The behaviour and treatment of a haemangiosarcoma occurring 18 years after irradiation of a haemangioma is described.


Titanium implants as a temporary replacement of mandible. A report of 30 cases. In a 5-year period, 30 titanium implants (Bowerman and Conroy 1969) were utilised for the reconstruction of mandibular defects following tumour operations. Of these, 20 implants were removed prematurely. Reasons for early removal were: 1. postoperative dehiscence of wound (5), 2. perforation through the skin or mucosa (5), 3. infection of graft bed (7), 4. breakage of the implant (1), 5. tumour recurrence (2). A total of 9 implants were retained for one or more years. The results are compared with those of Bowerman (1974). Reasons for the early loss as well as the clinical implications are discussed.


The importance of retrograde phlebography in the diagnosis of orbital lesions. The authors describe a technique for retrograde phlebography of the orbit. A selection of the typical findings in 51 cases of orbital phlebography is presented. The diagnostic importance of the examination in cases of similar clinical symptoms has been stressed. This method is best suited to the investigation of cases of venous malformation, especially of the intra-orbital, peri-orbital and retro-orbital area. Side-effects and complications have been described. A comparative assessment against other competetive methods of investigation, like the computer tomography has been attempted.


Sinuscopy for the diagnosis of blow-out fractures. Between 1973 and 1976 thirty-one patients with the symptoms of a blow-out fracture underwent sinuscopy. In all these cases a precise diagnosis was not possible from the clinical and x-ray findings alone without exploratory surgery. In 28 cases an exact diagnosis could be made using sinuscopy; 21 patients with blow-out fractures underwent reconstructive surgery to the orbital floor. In the remaining 7 cases fracture of the orbital floor was ruled out and the patients were spared more extensive diagnostic procedures. In 3 cases the diagnosis of a fracture could not be definitely established. Exploratory surgery of the orbital floor showed blow-out fractures which needed treatment. These findings were photographed; 5 typical photographs of fractures are presented. Sinuscopy provides a simple and sure method in the diagnosis of blow-out fractures. Its early application is recommended in cases of suspected fractures of the orbital floor, since reconstructive surgery of blow-out fractures yields the best functional results when performed within 2 weeks after the accident.


Osteosynthesis of orbital margin fractures via the transconjunctival approach using staples. (A preliminary report).


Nerve injury in fractures of the condylar neck. Although fractures of the condylar neck belong to the most frequent injuries of the jaws, and various nerves are found in close proximity to the temporomandibular joints, only little mention is made in the literature of neurological complications arising from accidents. We have therefore carried out a prospective study on nerve injuries in 237 fractures of the articular process in the period 1971-1975. We found two cases of post-traumatic Frey's syndrome, whereby the syndrome developed from a post-traumatic auriculotemporal neuralgia. We also found loss of function of auriculotemporal buccal and facial nerves, and loss of taste sensation of the tongue in another case, caused by damage to the chorda tympani. This paper discusses the formal and causal origin of the individual damages, and suggests possibilities for their management.


A simple fixation technique for complete transverse fractures in the edentulous upper jaw. Case report.


Secondary reconstruction of cranial defects. The increase in the number of cranial defects following injury requires more extensive use of plastic reconstructive measures on account of the exposed site of the defects or for cosmetic reasons. In 30 cases of secondary cranial defects, we have used various means of reconstruction. Alloplastic materials are used in our patients only to a limited degree, autologous bone transplants are preferentially employed. Of the autoplastics, secondary calvarium reimplantation has been the most successful, with respect both to function and cosmetic results. Our experience shows that split-rib grafts are also very suitable for the closure of defects, while sliding bone grafts with a periosteal pedicle are rarely indicated. The selection of the transplant material in the individual case and our experience with various methods are discussed.


Clinical and experimental results of a sandwich-technique for mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation. During the past two and a half years, thirteen patients have been operated upon using a "sandwich-technique" for mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation. This new technique was advocated by Schettler in 1974. In 3 cases, autologous rib cartilage was used, in 6 cases an autologous transplant from the iliac crest, and on four occasions, autologous "cialit"-conserved bone chips were inserted. All transplants healed without complications and no resorption was found in either the autologous or homologous transplants at the late follow-up examinations. These findings are supported by animal experiments in rabbits with the aid of the polychrome sequence marking technique using fluorochromes.


Experimental reimplantation utilizing microvascular anastomosis in animals. The use of the operating microscope and special microsurgical instruments make it possible to achieve successful anastomosis of blood vessels of less than 1 mm in diameter. Microvascular surgery offers newer possibilities in the transplantation of dermisfat grafts, and has led to an unusually high degree of success in the reimplantation of tissues. This paper describes a technique for microvascular anastomosis in animal experiment, using as a model the reimplantation of a completely amputated rabbit ear. In 10 amputated rabbit ears, the central auricular artery with a diameter of 0.5 mm and the two marginal auricular veins with diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm were microsurgically anastomosed. Of the 10 reimplanted ears, 8 survived. The postoperative angiogram showed an unrestricted patency of all the vessels.


Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth in an infant. (Case report). Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth in the infant are rarely encountered although the aetiology is mainly embryological. Meyer proposes the classification of the cysts based on the histological differentiation of the elements of the cyst wall. A case is reported which shows differences in the epithelial lining of the cysts found followed by the differential diagnosis and treatment.


Surgical correction of unilateral posterior bimaxillary malocclusion. A case report.


Surface softening of temporary cements after contact with endodontic medicaments.


Evaluation of enhanced vascular permeability of endodontic medicaments in vivo.


Periapical actinomycosis: clinical considerations.


An endodontic failure caused by an unusual anatomical anomaly.


Nonrecognition and subsequent endodontic treatment of dens invaginatus.


Nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis.


A method of intragastric pH determination through gastric endoscopy.


Intracranial tumors in Taiwan. A cooperative survey of 1,200 cases with special reference to intracranial tumors in children.


Non-invasive diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Part II. Vectorcardiographic criteria for positive exercise test.


A survey of thalidomide embryopathy in Taiwan.


Isolation and identification of viruses from clinical specimens at the National Taiwan University Hospital during Jan. 1972-Dec. 1973.


Bedside diagnosis of ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction.


Participating in the Seattle Project on Long Island.


Food...your choice: a step by step approach to nutrition education.


Food labels and nutrition study.

Food labels and nutrition study.


Sugar: can we reverse the uptrend in its consumption?


The anatomy of a vacation: leisure time and mental health.


An only slightly biased viewpoint.

An only slightly biased viewpoint.


Is the study of death and dying important for life.


Alcohol studies for community health educators.


The Great Neck experience: visibility our weapon.


Effect of bevelling on the occurrence of fractures in the enamel surrounding composite resin fillings. Three different types of cavities: (1) with a 90 degree cavo-surface angle, (2) with a bevel at the cavity margin 0-25-0-50 mm wide, and (3) with a bevel at the cavity margin 0-5-1-0 mm wide, were prepared in extracted human teeth. Fifteen cavities of all three types were filled with Adaptic. Fifteen cavities of Type 2 and of Type 3 were filled with cosmic and the same number and types of cavities with prestige. The fillings were polished 10 min after starting the mix of the composite resins. Fractures in the enamel at the cavity margins were visualized by discoloration with methylene blue. Fractures were observed around all types of cavities, but, for all types of materials, an increased bevel at the margin gave an increased number of fillings without fractures in the enamel. However, great variations in the frequency of fractures were also observed; i.e. Adaptic showing a small frequency, Cosmic a medium and Prestige a great frequency of fillings connected with fractures at the enamel margin.


A colorimetric study of coffee and tea staining of four composite resins. Colorimetric measurements were made on four composite resins before and after controlled immersion treatments. The four composite resins were: Adaptic (Johnson and Johnson), Prestige (Lee Pharmaceuticals), Addent XV (3M Mfg. Co.) and Smile (Kerr Mfg. Co.). Specimens of each material were prepared with mylar surfaces and with abraded finished surfaces. Separate groups of specimens of the four materials were immersed in three separate solutions for 12 days at 55c. The three solutions used were: a control solution of distilled water and coffee and a solution of distilled water and tea. For all materials and surface finishes, immersion in coffee and tea produced significantly greater colour changes than distilled water. Coffee produced significantly greater colour changes than tea with the exception of 'Prestige' and 'Addent XV' with finished surfaces. When immersed in a tea solution, specimens of the same material with differing surface finishes showed greater differences in colour change than when immersed in control and coffee solutions. The relative colour changes of the four materials due to the immersion procedures were as follows: 'Adaptic' showed the least colour changes and "Smile' showed the most. 'Addent XV' and 'Prestige' tended to vary between the former two. Comparison and correlation of colorimetry results with visual assessment scores allowed for the expression of the objective measures in subjective terms suitable for clinical purposes.


Influence of different endodontic methods of treatment upon the process of apical closure of immature pulpless human teeth and the structure of the newly formed calcified tissue in apical opening. A description is given of the pathohistological structure of the calcified tissue in the apical opening of four extracted immature pulpless human teeth treated by various endodontic methods. It is concluded that in the tooth treated by mortal extirpation there was neither histological healing nor any tendency for further apex formation. In both the tooth where vital extirpation was performed and in one of the teeth treated as apical periodontitis, the apices were formed from conglomerates of different calcified tissues, identical to the tissue which was formed under comparable conditions in experimental dogs. In the fourth human tooth also treated as apical periodontitis after treatment the apical opening closed with irregular dentine tissue. In this study consideration was given to the problem of the origin of the odontoblasts which co-exist with the hard destructive process present in some pulpless teeth. It is concluded that in the case presented in this study the irregular dentine was formed by the same odontoblasts which took part in the process of normal odontogenesis. This fact, should be respected in the course of endodontic treatment of immature pulpless teeth.


In vitro polarization of dental amalgam in human saliva. Potentiostatic anodic polarization techniques in Ringer's solution are commonly used for the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of dental amalgam. This in vitro method strives to simulate the in vivo electrochemical behaviour of amalgam in an electrolyte of natural saliva. Several types of dental amalgam were anodically polarized in natural saliva solutions and supernatant saliva solutions. The anodic polarization profiles are presented, as well as scanning electron micrographs and x-ray analysis of the corroded amalgam surfaces. These reveal corrosion products consistent with results found with previous artificial salivas as well as deposits possibly related to the organic component of natural saliva.


Tissue reactions to implanted vitreous carbon and high purity sintered alumina. Vitreous carbon and high purity sintered alumina implants were inserted into the iliac crests and mandibles of rabbits. The reactions of the tissues were assessed after periods up to 2 years using resin embedded histological sections. Both types of material were well tolerated, although the alumina excited a slightly greater tissue response than did the vitreous carbon. Electron microprobe analysis of the bone around the implants failed to show the movement of known contaminants from the alumina and vitreous carbon into the surrounding tissue. Observations are made on the reactions of the tissues to the implants and the effect of cortical penetration and implant movement.


The surface structure of the human mandibular condyle in health and disease. A scanning electron microscopic study. Surface features of the human mandibular condyle have been studied by scanning and electron microscopy. Normal condyles possessed features similar to those in other diarthrodial joints but with certain differences. Two types of erosion and an exostosis were seen in diseased joints and the surface structure is described.


Reliability of preparation method for initial strength measurement of amalgam according to the ADA specification. The ADA specification method for preparation of amalgam samples for tensile strength studies has been investigated. It was determined as being of acceptable reliability for comparison against normal clinical use of the material.


Apnea from improper administration of diazepam.


Linear dimensional changes of three luting agents. The linear dimensional changes during setting of a reinforced zinc oxide eugenol cement (Alumina EBA Crown and Bridge Cement), a composite resin cement (Epoxylite 9080 Crown and Bridge Adhesive) and a zinc silico phosphate cement (Fluoro-Thin cement), have been studied. The measurements were were performed on specimens placed on a mercury bath. The cements were allowed to set under various environmental humidity. The measurements of specimen length started 3 or 5 min after commencing the mix. The EBA-cement showed a maximum contraction of 0-4 percent after 7 days when setting under dry conditions. Under wet conditions the cement had an initial contraction the first day of setting, and thereafter an expansion. After 21 days specimens setting under 100 percent relative humidity showed 0-3 percent expansion, whereas specimens immersed in water attained the initial length. The composite resin cement showed a contraction of 1-0 percent after 1 day when setting under dry conditions. Under wet conditions the specimens had an initial contraction of 0-8 percent the first day of setting being reduced to 0-4 percent during the next 20 days. The zinc silico phosphate cement showed a maximum contraction of 3-0 percent after 7 days under dry conditions and 0-5 percent after 1 day under wet conditions.


Organization of the resident selection system.


The myth of mandatory continuing education.


Mandibular advancement: skeletal and dental changes during fixation. Skeletal and dental changes that occurred during maxillomandibular fixation after surgical advancement of the mandible were examined in 21 patients. Serial cephalometric monitoring showed skeletal relapse with compensatory dental changes in every case; the pattern of relapse varied. Common hypotheses currently expressed and applied by clinicians for presurgical prediction of such treatment results were objectively assessed for validity on the basis of the patient sample studied. The findings indicate that single variables cannot be isolated as being solely responsible for specific postsurgical changes.


Midfacial fractures: a retrospective analysis of 593 cases.


Chondrosarcoma of the jaws and facial skeleton: a review of the Japanese literature. From the 35 cases of chondrosarcoma, the maxilla was the most frequently affected site (35.5%) and the mandible was the next (29.4%). Painless swelling is the conspicuous symptom for chondrosarcoma of the lower jaw and nasal complications are often recorded with the lesions of the upper jaw. Several kinds of histologically malignant featurs coexisted which made diagnosis complicated. The three-year survival rate was about 50% for chondrosarcoma of the lower jaw and much lower for the upper jaw.


Comparative analgesic potency of aspirin and ibuprofen. The object of a study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen for dental pain. The subjects were outpatients who were undergoing surgical removal of impacted teeth. We compared aspirin, 325 mg; aspirin, 650 mg; ibuprofen, 200 mg; ibuprofen, 400 mg; and placebo. Each patient received a single dose of one of the test medications; there was a minimum of 37 patients in each treatment group. Patients recorded pain intensity before receiving medication; then hourly, for four hours after medication, they recorded pain intensity, amount of relief, and side effects. Time-effect and dose-response curves were generated from the relief and change in pain-intensity scores. First-hour scores, peak scores, and total scores were analyzed. All active medications were significantly better than placebo and the mean effect for ibuprofen was significantly more than for aspirin.


Acinous cell carcinoma: a histogenetic hypothesis. A proposed origin of acinous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland from serous cells of the acinar part of the salivary unit has been challenged. To date, the alternative histogenetic concept of origin from the reserve cell of the intercalated duct has been largely conjectural and based on light microscopic and only isolated electron microscopic evidence. Light and electron microscopic findings now support a terminal duct origin for at least some acinous cell carcinomas.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 20, part 2. Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis.


Arthroplasty of the temporomandibular joint with use of a vitallium condyle prosthesis: report of three cases. We have devised a Vitallium intramedullary prosthesis to replace the deformed arthritic condyle in cases that require bilateral condylectomy or in rare long-term failures of a single condylectomy. Experience has led to modification of this prosthesis. Recently a rectangular stem that prevents rotation of the prosthesis in the condylar stub has been added (Fig 11). In bilateral condylectomies, replacement of only one side by the Vitallium condylar prosthesis is adequate, because it stabilizes the mandible by maintaining its original fulcrum in the temporomandibular joint. Three cases of replacement with the Vitallium condyle prosthesis are reported, with follow-up studies of two to three years postoperatively. The results to date have been gratifying.


Primary hyperparathyroidism exacerbated by pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism may remain subclinical as long as there is adequate calcium in the diet. If the demand for calcium increases, as in pregnancy, the symptoms become evident. Any giant cell growths should alert the oral surgeon to the possibility of hyperparathyroidism. Untreated, hyperparathyroidism ultimately leads to fractures, irreversible kidney damage, and death by renal failure. Tetany must be guarded against after parathyroid surgery. Finally, the brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism need not be removed surgically since bone will regenerate if the disease is correctly treated by removal of the parathyroid adenoma.


False aneurysm of the lingual artery.

False aneurysm of the lingual artery. A case of false aneurysm of the lingual artery is presented. Although the clinical findings and history suggested an abscess, either preoperative aspiration or arteriographic studies might have permitted more definitive care during the patient's third hospitalization.


Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of case. TTP is an acute, usually fatal disease of unknown etiology. Diagnostic confirmation of the disease requires histologic demonstration of the deposition of hyaline thrombi within the lumens of arterioles and capillaries in the absence of vasculitis. The clinical, laboratory, and histological manifestations of TTP were reviewed and a case was reported in which a gingival biopsy specimen was used to confirm the diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on the rapidity and ease of gingival biopsy and the possibility of earlier institution of therapy.


Fibrous dysplasia of the mandible and sphenoid bones: report of case. A case of fibrous dysplasia of the mandible has been presented in which further diagnostic procedures showed the presence of a second and potentially more dangerous lesion. The literature was reviewed with the purpose of bringing attention to the still confused state of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws and skeleton. The relationship of the ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia was explored in relative depth. Fibrous dysplasia is a usually benign fibro-osseous abnormality of bone that may occur as monostotic, polyostotic, or craniofacial disease or as a part of a syndrome. Its nosology is confusing and its etiology is still unknown.


Osteoma of the mandibular condyle: report of case.


Silastic cap temporomandibular joint prothesis.


Osteochondromas associated with facial asymmetry and masticatory dysfunction: report of two cases. Two cases of solitary osteochondromas interfering with mandibular motion are presented along with a brief review of the literature. A single incidence of an osteochondroma developing from the mandibular condyle is added to the growing number of case reports. In addition, an osteochondroma developing from the zygomatic arch is reported. Our review of the literature has shown no previous report of occurrence at this site.


Blood supply of human gingiva following periodontal surgery. A fluorescein angiographic study. This study demonstrates changes in the gingival vascular supply of humans following various periodontal surgical procedures. A special system was used to photograph circulatory changes following an i.v. injection of sodium fluorescein to visualize blood supply. The results of this study suggest that the following concepts are important in the design of periodontal flaps. 1. Flaps should be broad enough at their base to include major gingival vessels. 2. A flap's length to width ratio should not exceed 2:1. 3. Minimal tension should be produced by suturing techniques and the tissue should be managed gently during the surgical procedure. 4. Partial thickness flap preparations to cover avascular areas should not be too thin so that more blood vessels are included in them. 5. The apical portion of periodontal flaps should be full thickness when possible.


Alveolar bone loss in thymectomized golden hamsters. Fifty-six neonatally thymectomized and 41 neonatally sham-operated female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into 2 groups, one inoculated with Actinomyces (N16) and the other not inoculated. All animals were raised and maintained on a high sucrose, soft diet (Diet 2000) and water, ad libitum. White blood cell counts, differentials and total lymphocyte counts were determined at 4 to 5 weeks of age. The rejection of albino hamster skin grafts and the hemagglutination response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used to determine inhibition of T lymphocyte function. Evaluation of alveolar bone loss at the end of 160 days indicated that the thymectomized animals with a significant depression of the hemagglutination response to SRBC and a lack of skin graft rejections had a significantly higher bone loss than sham-operated animals. This suggests that the cellular immune response plays a role in the periodontal syndrome in hamsters. Further investigation is necessary to establish how significant this role is in relationship to the numerous other factors that are present. These data suggest that the role of the cellular immune response in the hamster periodontium may be protective rather than destructive. The role of Actinomyces (N16) in the development of bone loss was not significant.


Differences in lymphocyte and plasma cell densities in inflamed gingiva from adults and young children.


Retreatment in periodontal practice.

Retreatment in periodontal practice.


Posterior guidance of natural teeth in the adult. A hypothesis.


Long junctional epithelium: epithelial reattachment in the rat. The mesial gingiva of mandibular first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were subject to irritants for 1, 2 or 3 months. The irritants were then removed for periods of 2 to 4 weeks before sacrifice (healing phase). The keratinized sulcular epithelium tended to remain stable while the junctional epithelium became very reactive demonstrating three responses: (1) Proliferation occlusally, (2) Proliferation apically and (3) Proliferation into the inflamed connective tissue. In approximately half of the rats the depth of the cuff epithelium did not change during the experimental procedures demonstrating the resistence of the rat to local irritation. In approximately 25 % of the animals (Group A) deepened sulci occurred with subepithelial connective tissue inflammation. In the remaining 25 % of the rats (Group B), the cuff epithelium proliferated apically but an increase in epithelial reattachment occurred (38 %) reducing the sulci to normal depths with reduced subepithelial areas of inflammation. Within the limitations of these results, this model system can be used to study the dynamics of the long epithelial attachment.


Let /S/ be your guide.

Let /S/ be your guide. New guidelines for establishing the vertical dimension of occlusion have been reviewed. They are based upon the fact that the body of the mandible assumes an easily recordable, repetitive horizontal and vertical position when the patient is at the /S/ position during speech. This controlled method of developing vertical dimension correlates the posterior speaking space with the placement of the upper and lower anterior teeth when set to a phonetic standard. This permits the development of a dependable vertical dimension of occlusion for most patients and also serves as a guide for the more difficult to treat Class II and tongue-thrusting patients. A method of obtaining a protrusive registration is also presented; it coordinates the angle of the eminences with the actual incisal guide angle of the patient. In all techniques there should be a final try-in after the setup of the teeth is complete. The guidelines presented in this article for controlling speech and "verticentric" can also be used to verify and/or alter that which has been established by any technique.


Pre-extraction records of the occlusal plane and vertical dimension.


Fluoride release and physical properties of a fluoride-containing amalgam. 1. The amount and percentage of fluoride released from amalgam were less for the 1:1.6 alloy/mercury ratio than for the 1:1 ratio. 2. Higher fluoride concentrations resulted in a greater quantity but lower percentage of fluoride released from the amalgam. 3. Longer immersion times resulted in a greater amounts and percentages of released fluoride. However, the fluoride released per hour decreased with immersion time. 4. Immersion of the amalgam in lactic acid caused a greater release of fluoride than immersion in distilled water. 5. Disintegration of the amalgam was greater in lactic acid than in distilled water. The contribution of calcium fluoride to weight loss was greater in water than in lactic acid, indicating a corrosive effect for lactic acid. 6. The higher calcium fluoride content (2 per cent) decreased the compressive strength of the amalgam but did not alter the dimensional change.


The fitting and fabrication of a custom resin artificial eye.


Anatomic and clinical evaluation of the relationship between the temporomandibular joint and occlusion. An anatomic and clinical investigation of condylar remodeling; the position of the condyle in centric occlusion; and the relationships of these two factors to each other and to the features of the dentition are reported. Two groups of 100 adult crania were examined. The first group had complete or partially edentulous arches. In the second group, the dentition was complete and there were various degrees of abrasion. In addition, clinical and tomographic data were obtained from 70 patients with temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome. Occlusion was also studied by intraoral registration of the gothic arch and by mounting the casts on an articulator in 40 patients. Comparison of the data made it clear that occlusal conditions determine the course of condylar remodeling and lead to marked changes in shape of the joints. Occlusal disorders are also responsible for condylar displacement (noted in 51.4 per cent of patients), which, in turn, may be the cause of typical reshaping of the joint. These findings cast doubt on the proposition that the gnathologic determinants (particularly centric relation) are never changed in the course of time.


Costs and dental care in mobile clinics.


A scale of community dental health ideology: establishing a valid means of measurement for evaluation.


Effects of an instructional-motivational program on plaque and gingivitis in adolescents.


The effectiveness of a dental health education program in a nonfluoridated community.


The measures employed in the practice of dental public health and dentistry demand constant evaluation.


The arch criminal is still at large.

The arch criminal is still at large.


The editor emeritus still squawks verbiage by the meter.


1977: dentistry's year of discontent.

1977: dentistry's year of discontent.


Denturism: the illegal practice of prosthetic dentistry--USA.


HSA's and all that. A solution?

HSA's and all that. A solution?


Osseous tuberculosis: a radiographic challenge.


Controversies in the management of cancer of the breast: a questionnaire course.


Alcoholic epilepsy. Effects of treatment on convulsions following the cessation of drinking.


Trigger finger in diabetes.

Trigger finger in diabetes.


Reduction in lead levels among children in Newark.


Case reports: Duplication of the urethra.


Trauma center. A new concept for the delivery of critical care.


Malignant lymphoma presenting as bilateral swelling of the eyelid.


British National Health Service in 1977--Part III.


Articles of incorporation and bylaws. Wisconsin Dental Association.


Assembly bill 784.

Assembly bill 784.


Dental practice management and taxes.

Dental practice management and taxes.


Improvement of preparative conditions for cytogenetic studies by short-term liquid culture of haemopoietic cells. In patients with haemopoietic failure, the low incidence of cells in mitosis often prevents successful chromosome preparations. By performing liquid cultures of myeloid cells a high incidence of mitoses could be obtained even in those cases failing to provide mitoses when the direct preparation technique was used. The cytogenetic studies demonstrated that the mitoses achieved by culture techniques were aneuploid and, thus, there is evidence that they are of leukaemic origin. The combination of short-term liquid culture and chromosome analysis appears to be a diagnostic approach in selected cases of hemopoietic insufficiency.


Treatment and outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children.


The treatable trio: polymyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and fibrositis.


Recombinant DNA: what happened? [editorial].


Burn therapy updated.

Burn therapy updated.


Malignant mesothelioma of pleura: clinicopathologic observation.


Chemotherapy of bladder cancer: current progress.


Laser surgery for skin cancer.

Laser surgery for skin cancer.


Carcinomas metastatic to skin.

Carcinomas metastatic to skin.


Manic-depressive psychoses.

Manic-depressive psychoses.


Epilepsy associated with mental illness: nature and management.


Anterior urethropexy: retrospective view.


Why Reiter's disease?

Why Reiter's disease?


Fifteen-year history of carcinoid.

Fifteen-year history of carcinoid.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.


Staphylococcal septicemia in a newborn.

Staphylococcal septicemia in a newborn.


Left bundle branch block: gradual evolution.


Stuck medial patella: unusual complication of a Hauser-Hughston patellar-shaving procedure.


Abdominal nonosseous plasmacytoma: lymphography.


Orthostatic hypotension of central neurogenic origin.


British National Health Service: starvation by inches.


What price progress.

What price progress.


Unprofessional conduct.

Unprofessional conduct.


More principles of medicine.

More principles of medicine.


Methods of clinical teaching in intensive care units.


Patient care study.

Patient care study.


Delights and drama in a country hospital.


Why patient-centred care?

Why patient-centred care?


Occupational health nursing ... not just dispensing bandaids and disprin.


Have you the confidence to rock the boat?


Beliefs and values.

Beliefs and values.


Learning the characteristics of helping relationships: nurse-teacher genuineness and student-nurse self-disclosure.


Drugs, youth and society.

Drugs, youth and society.


The Christchurch Hospital diabetes educational programme.


The professional association--toward the 21st century.


The operating theatre problems of hospital isolation.


Dentistry as a commodity.

Dentistry as a commodity.


Future role of materials in dentistry.

Future role of materials in dentistry.


Biofeedback electromyography and inhibition release in myofascial pain dysfunction cases.


National health insurance.

National health insurance.


Prostaglandins in clinical dentistry.

Prostaglandins in clinical dentistry.


On patient relations.

On patient relations.


Reflections on "denturism" in Maine.

Reflections on "denturism" in Maine.


Occlusal therapy. A rational approach to treatment.


Undergraduate electrosurgery education is overdue.


Metastatic endometrial carcinoma to the maxilla.


The relationship between oral hygiene and dental health. An epidemiological survey.


Official ADA code on dental procedures and nomenclature.


A journal interview with Dr. Ronald L. Occhionero.


Major medical plan is revised.

Major medical plan is revised.


Testimony on advertising bill 240.

Testimony on advertising bill 240.


Better dental health education is goal of women's auxiliary.


Goin' courtin.

Goin' courtin.


Cytogenetic effects of chemotherapy and cranial irradiation on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with malignant disease. Results of a cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with leukemia after massive chemotherapy and cranial irradiation, and of children with nephrosis after coritisone therapy and cyclophosphamide are presented. Prolonged intensive chemotherapy results in a significant rise in the number of chromatid aberrations after twelve months, and of chromosomal aberrations after 24 months of therapy. After cranial irradiation a sharp rise in chromosome aberrations is present for about three months. This drops after one year to levels present in cases with chemotherapy alone.


A saliva substitute for use by xerostomic patients undergoing radiotherapy to the head and neck. A saliva substitute has been developed for use in veteran patients, primarity those undergoing radiotherapy for malignancy of the head and neck. The viscosity of the solution is adjusted to simulate that of whole saliva, and the electrolyte levels are similarly set. Fluoride is included at the level of 5.0 p.p.m. in an effort to enhance the mineralizing capacity of this preparation which is high in calcium and phosphate.


Dental treatment of patient with a cardiac pacemaker. Review of the literature. Presented is a summarization of past and current literature that establishes a workable guideline for the treatment of the pacemaker wearer in the dental office. This guideline gives the practicing dentist a procedure for the management of such a patient.


Clinical significance of completely subdivided maxillary antrum. A rare case of a completely subdivided maxillary antrum is reported. The lower compartment was a closed cavity in which infection resulted in the persistence of an oroantral fistula. Healing occurred only after the septum was broken and proper intranasal drainage by antrostomy was established.


Mandibular malunion treated by symphyseal and subapical osteotomies. Report of a case.


Orofacial manifestations in tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is a rare congenital disorder with characteristic neurologic, dermatologic, and orofacial lesions. There have been very few case reports in the dental literature. Four cases demonstrating the range of orofacial anomalies and problems in management are presented.


Antibacterial activity of extracts from some African chewing sticks. The antibacterial activity of aqueous, isobutanol, and benzene extracts of five popular African chewing sticks was studied by the agar ditch plate method. The isobutanol extract produced the greatest antimicrobial activity, and the benzene extract the least. Streptococci were the most sensitive to the extracts, while Escherichia coli was the most resistant. It would appear that the active principles of the various chewing-stick extracts are not the same and that the extract from a given chewing stick is chemically heterogeneous. It is suggested that the regular use of the African chewing stick, acting as an antiseptic, may control the formation and activity of dental plaque and therefore reduce the incidence of gingivitis and possibly dental caries.


A retrospective study of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) in a professional population, 1958-1971. A retrospective 12-year investigation of 1,788 professional school students from the schools of medicine, veterinary medicine, dental medicine, nursing, and dental hygiene was conducted by the mailed distribution of questionnaires requesting information on current and prior disease history of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Because of changes in address, death, loss of married names, and unwillingness to participate in the investigation, only 683 proband subjects were available for the follow-up study. The data suggested a trend toward a decrease in the prevalence and severity of RHL during the interval of study: only slightly more than one firth (23.9 per cent) of the proband population of the present study experienced RHL as compared with almost two fifths (39.6 per cent) at the time when they were students.


Intraosseous benign neural sheath neoplasms of the jaws. Report of seven new cases and review of the literature. Benign neural sheath neoplasms occurring centrally within the jaws are most uncommon. Our search of the English-language literature revealed twenty-eight previously reported cases. Seven additional cases--five neurofibromas and two neurilemmomas--are newly described here. Most cases have not been associated with multiple neurofibromatosis. These tumors occur predominantly in females, in patients under 45 years of age, and in the posterior mandible. The tumors generally present as asymptomatic radiolucencies, but some are associated with pain and/or swelling. Neurofibromas tend to recur more often than neurilemmomas when treated by conservative local excision.


Ultrastructure of oral squamous-cell carcinoma. Fresh surgical specimens of sixteen cases of oral squamous-cell carcinoma were processed for electron microscopic study. All cases were histologically graded as moderately differentiated carcinoma. As compared to normal oral stratified squamous epithelium, some unusual ultrastructural features were present in carcinoma. These features were spherical or ovoid nuclear bodies composed of concentrically arranged filaments and granules, clustered ribosomes, many lysosomal bodies, cell residues in other cells, absence and multilayering of basal lamina, pseudopodal cytoplasmic projections, microfilaments in peripheral cytoplasm, clusters of swirled tonofilaments, intracytoplasmic desmosomes, and a small amount of glycogen. These features are interpreted as being related to hyperactivity, phagocytosis, locomotion, and differentiation of cancer cells.


An ultrastructural study of the calcifications in calcifying odontogenic cysts and odontomas. The calcifications associated with the epithelium of the calcifying odontogenic cyst and odontoma were studied ultrastructurally and found to be of three types: (1) spherical calcifications which form on ghost cells and which therefore are dystrophic, (2) spherical calcifications which appear to be dysplastic enamel, and (3) irregularly shaped, diffuse calcifications which form on a collagenous matrix and appear to by dysplastic dentin or cementum.


Clinical and histologic observations of opalescent dentin associated with enamel defects. The rare variant of opalescent dentin associated with enamel defect was found in a 1 1/2-year-old boy. The pulp chambers and root canals of the affected deciduous teeth were very large, with no sign of obliteration. The enamel layer of those teeth was markedly reduced in thickness, and the enamel prisms were not recognized even by scanning electron microscopy. The mantle dentin was abnormal, as were other portions of dentin.


Evaluation of débridement techniques for endodontic instruments. Files, reamers, and Hedström files were used to instrument both wet and dry canals and then cleansed by a chairside technique. Statistical analysis of the various cleansing techniques showed that 2 by 2 inch gauze wipes, either wet or dry, cleansed the instruments of debris better than any other means tested.


Trends in dental radiography.

Trends in dental radiography.


Fusion of a lower second and third molar and macrodontia of a lower first molar.


An odontoma on a panoramic and a periapical radiograph.


Residual gutta-percha filling.

Residual gutta-percha filling.


Peer review: more on insurance hassles.

Peer review: more on insurance hassles.


Prescribing drugs without exam.

Prescribing drugs without exam.


Quality evaluation for your patients.

Quality evaluation for your patients.


Why dentists commit suicide.

Why dentists commit suicide.


Informed consent considerations.

Informed consent considerations.


OCDS member's feelings needed now.

OCDS member's feelings needed now.


Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma. Significant advances are being made in the treatment of osteosarcoma and improvement in the five year survival is being reported. Active study of the etiology, pathogenesis, immunology, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical management is currently in progress. The preliminary survival statistics with adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy are encouraging and it is hoped that these survival figures will be maintained with further follow-up. Our experience suggests that, when practical, patients with osteosarcoma should be treated in or in cooperation with centers actively involved in the evaluation of osteosarcoma therapy. Not only does this step offer the patient optimal opportunity to receive the most current therapy, but it is essential in obtaining adequate numbers of patients for critical analysis.


Postradiation sarcoma of bone and soft tissues.


The radiology of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Solitary lesions of bone often have characteristic radiographic patterns that suggest the diagnosis of a specific bone tumor. Differentiation of tumor from infection, however, frequently may be impossible, and the majority of bone lesions require biopsy for histologic confirmation of the type of tumor or for identification of the infectious organism. Soft tissue masses, unlike bone tumors, most commonly look alike. They too require biopsy, but in this case to distinguish a benign mass from a soft tissue sarcoma. Special radiographic techniques such as isotopic and CAT scans or angiography add information about the morphology and response of adjacent bone, but fail to differentiate one category of disease from another or to establish a histologic diagnosis of the type of tumor.


Parosteal osteoma: a clinicopathologic approach.


Priorities for 1977-78.

Priorities for 1977-78.


The school dental service and the future.


Prevention of periodontal disease.

Prevention of periodontal disease.


A note on teaching of oral hygiene.

A note on teaching of oral hygiene.


Denturism.

Denturism.


The possibilities afforded by the use of dense aluminum oxide ceramics in the reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint.


Intra-oral fabrication of temporary coverage for crown and bridge (IV).


Maintenance and aftercare for removable partial denture patients (I).


Pedodontic parafunctions.

Pedodontic parafunctions.


Mucogingival surgical procedures employed in re-establishing the integrity of the gingival unit (III). The frenectomy and the free mucosal graft.


The "mAs" switch to increase efficiency of dental radiography.


Dental work concept and the dental industry.


Adhesion of Enamite, a MMA-TBB sealant and its preventive effects on dental caries (I).


Treatment of temporomandibular fractures with an activator (II).


Dynamic and performance characteristics of baseball bats.


Physiological effects of similar training programs in males and females.


Future of leisure: a Delphi application.


Informational-motivational components of a model's demonstration.


Factory analysis of selected basketball skill tests.


Causal attributions following success and failure at an achievement motor task.


Relationship of trait anxiety, peer presence, task difficulty, and skill acquisition of sixth-grade boys.


Factory analytical study of Olympic decathlon data.


Biomechanical analysis with cubic spline functions.


Placement of tri-weekly training sessions: importance regarding enhancement of aerobic capacity.


Age differences in children's ability to model motor behavior.


Saccadic eye movement speed and motor response execution.


Hematological changes elicited by prolonged intermittent aerobic exercise.


Comparison of selected physiological and personality variables in regular and nonregular adult male exercisers.


Aligned rank tests for randomized block experiments.


A convenient procedure and computer program for obtaining instantaneous velocities from  stroboscopic photography.


Accuracy of pedometers for measuring distance walked.


Caloric cost of playing golf.

Caloric cost of playing golf.


Professional preparation programs  of  physical  education teachers in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.


An instrument for presenting sequences of rhythmic and nonrhythmic auditory signals.


A simple method of recording dry gas volumes.


Effects of an anabolic steroid on selected parameters in male albino rats.


Paula's legacy.

Paula's legacy.


Fine structure of the mast cell with special reference to human cells.


Basophilic differentiation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells in vitro. Peripheral leucocytes from 10 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) were cultured in liquid medium and observed morphologically for 6 to 10 weeks. All cultures showed in increased proportion of mature basophilis at about 3 weeks and most cultures consisted  predominantly of mature basophilis at about 5 weeks. The results indicate preferential basophilic differentiation of CML leucocytes in vitro and are consistent with basophilia frequently observed in CML patients.


Rôle of complement system in the allergic reaction.


Absolute number of cell-bound IgE molecules on human basophils.


The mast cell in relation to allergic mechanisms. Biochemical events and the patient.


Selective abolition of the prostaglandin-mediated component of experimental acute tissue injury.


The clinical implications of the mast cell.


The mast cell in relation to allergic mechanisms. Some bedside considerations.


Mast cells in atopic and non-atopic subjects.


Emergency blood transfusions.

Emergency blood transfusions.


Forty-five year old caucasian male with progressive renal abnormality.


National health insurance.

National health insurance.


Left liver lobe gall bladder.

Left liver lobe gall bladder.


Probable myeloblastic leukemoid reaction with disseminated sarcoidosis. A 55-year-old woman had progressive weakness, weight loss, night sweats, fever, right-sided facial weakness, and hepatomegaly. Reticulonodular infiltrates were seen on chest x-ray film and a central filling defect was noted on liver scan. Study of the peripheral blood was noted on liver scan. Study of the peripheral blood revealed pancytopenia and myeloblasts. The bone marrow was not markedly hypercellular but contained noncaseating granulomas and myeloblasts. The patient's condition deteriorated and she died on the 22nd hospital day. Autopsy disclosed disseminated sarcoidosis but no evidence of leukemic infiltrates. Although concomitant "smoldering" acute leukemia cannot be ruled out, the findings in this patient can be best explained on the basis of a myeloblastic leukemoid reaction accompanying sarcoidosis.


Intravenous anaesthesia.

Intravenous anaesthesia.


Anterior segmental osteotomy of the mandible.


An orthopantomographic study of hypodontia, supernumeraries and other anomalies in school children between the ages of 8-9 years. An epidemiological study.


Effect on caries prevalence in three year old children of a preventive program given at child health centre.


Total reflection in tooth substance and diagnosis of cracks in teeth. A clinical study.


The Texas individual responsibility philosophy: pioneer or reactionary?


The range of periodontal therapy--past and present.


Communications in dentistry.

Communications in dentistry.


Phagocytosis in chronic myelocytic leukemia.


MED-action spectra in polymorphic light eruption and in porphyria compared with model normal spectra.


High terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in the spleen of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis.


The effect of early loss of primary molars on tooth eruption and space conditions. A longitudinal study. In 186 children study casts were made at the age of 9, 11 and 13 years. The material was grouped according to early loss of primary molars and a comparison was made between children with and without early losses. Early loss was defined as follows: 1. extraction of the first primary molar between 7 1/2 and 9 1/2 years and/or extraction of the second primary molar between 7 1/2 and 10 1/2 years; 2. extraction of the first and/or second primary molar before 7 1/2 years of age. The following variables were studied: space conditions, dental stage for groups of teeth, eruption stage of single teeth. For the incisors the clinical crown length (CCL) was used as a measure of the eruption stage. The results showed that there was a tendency to later eruption and later onset of dental stages in cases without early losses when a comparison was made with investigations where this factor had not been taken into consideration. The second permanent molar erupted earlier in both jaws after early loss of the second primary molar. Children with loss of primary molars before 7 1/2 years developed more crowding than children without losses and losses after 7 1/2 years had little effect on the relative space.


The amino acid composition of Streptococcus mutans and its culture medium supplemented with xylitol. The amino and keto acid composition of the cells of Streptococcus mutans, strain Ingbritt, maintained and grown on a Trypticase-Phytone based medium without any added carbohydrate or supplemented with xylitol or glucose, was analyzed. The results showed no remarkable differences in the portions of individual amino acids liberated by acid hydrolysis from the cellular proteins of cells grown in the above mentioned media. However, the amount of free amino acids in the water extracts of the cells grown in the glucose medium differed considerably from those obtained from cells grown in the two other media. The amounts of free amino acids of the medium at the end of the growth period were higher in the glucose containing medium than in the two other media. The content of keto acids was lower in the cells grown in the presence of xylitol or without added carbohydrate when compared to those cells grown in glucose containing medium.


Effect of trituration on dimensional changes of dental amalgam. The dimensional changes of dental amalgams during setting was evaluated using different methods of specimen production, and measurement procedures. Amalgam specimens were prepared from 10 commercially available dental amalgam alloys by mechanical condensation. Dimensional change was measured on microcators with a measuring load of 1 g. The variation in dimensional change with trituration was substantial, and similar to the difference between various brands of alloys at the same trituration time. Porosity seems to vary between 0.1 and 0.6% independent of severity of trituration except for two alloys in which increased trituration time seemed to reduce porosity. It was therefore pointed out that even though trituration in most cases can be altered to make an amalgam expand, such procedures should not be followed since optimal values of other clinically significant properties may not be maintained.


Metallic implants as growth markers in infants with craniofacial anomalies. The purpose of the study was to test the retention of metallic implants in bone tissue for evaluation of early facial growth patterns in patients with craniofacial malformations. Implants were inserted in 51 patients (age range: 1-17 months) with different diagnoses, the majority of them with various types of cleft lip and/or palate. Seven positions in the maxilla and four in the mandible were employed. Roentgencephalometric follow-up examinations were carried out at various stages up to the age of about three years. The results indicated that the frequency of implants firmly retained within the bone decreased with time depending on the craniofacial deformity and the implant sites. Stability seemed most critical in positions close to the alveolar processes where more than one-half of the implants inserted were dislocated or lost at the three-year follow-up. For the maxillary implants the patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate displayed the highest failure rate. This investigation did not support continuation of the implant method in infants as used in the present study.


Juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, atonia of the urinary tract and bladder, and other abnormalities (Wolfram syndrome). A review of 88 cases from the literature with personal observations on 3 new patients. A review of 88 cases from the literature with personal observations on 3 new patients is given of the syndrome featured by juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, atonia of the urinary tract and bladder and other abnormalities. The postmortem in one of our cases is mentioned. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal recessive. The interpretation of the data on diabetes insipidus from the literature and in our three patients is also discussed. It can only be stated that neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus can be a component of the syndrome and that in many cases--particularly in the presence of lesions of the efferent urinary tract--the possibility of nephrogenous diabetes insipidus can not be excluded with certainty. It seems probable that the same mechanism can be held responsible for the lesions of the olfactory, optic, vestibular and cochlear nerves, the hypophyseal form of diabetes insipidus, retarded sexual maturation, abnormal pupillary reaction, myelopathy and the electro-encephalographic, electroneurological and electromyographic changes in the Wolfram syndrome. The process underlying this affection of neural structures remains obscure.


Measurement of biogenic amines using cation exchange chromatography and fluorimetric assay.