Reduction cheiloplasty: its role in the correction of dentofacial deformities. The presence of prominent lips is common in individuals with various dentofacial and craniofacial deformities. The aetiology must be diagnosed to differentiate between pseudo-macrochelia and true macrocheilia. When considering surgical correction of the prominent lip, a precise description of the location and the magnitude of the deformity is required. With careful treatment planning, proper sequencing of the treatment, and a good understanding of the various surgical techniques, optimum results can be achieved. These aspects will be discussed in detail illustrated with appropriate cases.


Sagittal splitting of the body of the mandible (Mehnert's technique) for correction of open bite and deep over bite. The sliding of the inner and outer cortex of the mandible based on the sagittal splitting (Obsegeser 1955) is usually confined to the ramus and angle area. It can, however, also be performed in the body of the mandible even in cases with normal dentition. In these cases, the sagittal split is carried out below the dentoalveolar region (Mehnert 1959). The technical possibilities and the experiences made are shown. It can be concluded that this technique is particularly indicated in cases of open bite and severe deep over bite whether they are associated or not with a prognathism or retromandibulism of moderate degree.


Surgical treatment of habitual luxation of the temporomandibular joint. The various operations which aim at increasing the articular eminence are discussed. A modifications of one of these procedures is described in detail with reference to 12 patients on whom this operation was performed 23 times. In discussion of advantages and disadvantages, the results obtained are compared with those of a procedure which produces the opposite effect, namely a flattening of the articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint. It is finally demonstrated that the two procedures can effectively complement each other, provided they are carried out for the correct indication and in the proper sequence.


Malar bone fractures: experimental fractures on the dried skull and clinical sensory disturbances. To improve understanding of malar bone fracture, experimental fractures on dried skulls and clinical sensory dysfunctions were investigated. In the experimental study, the fracture lines are largely confined to the suture lines between the zygoma and neighbouring bones in addition to the maxillo-ethmoidal suture. Antral walls, anterior and posterior, are relatively free from fracture lines in the region of the superior dental plexus. This coincides with the findings of dento-alveolar sensory disturbances which are relatively lower in incidence and earlier in recovery than those following Le Fort type fractures. To study this sensory status gives interesting information about the fracture lines and the anatomical course of the superior dental nerves.


Principles of the surgical therapy of eyelid tumours. The case histories of 290 eyelid tumours at the North-West Germany Clinic for Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hamburg, are evaluated and the experiences gained in the surgical therapy of this type of tumour reported. It is emphasized how necessary it is that the radicality of tumour resection by controlled by frozen section microscopy during the operation. This ensures a low recurrence rate. The results which were evaluated at the earliest six months after eyelid reconstruction, show that, despite different initial situations, a high percentage of both good functional and aesthetic results may be obtained after extensive tumour resection. This requires that the reconstructive method most suitable for the individual case be chosen out of the wealth of techniques. The most important ones used at our hospital are discussed on the basis of various examples.


The diagnosis of TMJ disorders using laminographic radiography.


Dentists taking active role in hypertension screening.


Chemotactic defect in Wegener's granulomatosis. Chemotaxis of the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes from nine Wegener's granulomatosis patients was examined in vitro. All the patients except one showed remarkable decrease in their chemotactic activity: This might be caused by abnormality in the PMN leukocytes themselves. It was confirmed that there was no increase in chemotactic inhibitory substance(s). There was chemotactic factor(s) in sufficient amount in the serum to react with the antigen-antibody complex for normal chemotaxis. As to the random mobility of PMN leukocytes there was no abnormality in these patients.


Iodoamino acids in abnormal and grossly normal thyroids: Comparison between 125I and 127I distribution. Patients with thyroid cyst (TC), non-toxic nodular goiter (NNG), follicular adenoma (FA) and papillary carcinoma (PC) were given a tracer dose of 125I 40h prior to surgery. Tissue specimens were hydrolysed with Pronase and their labeled iodocompound distribution determined by paper or thin layer chromatography; they were then derivatized and their stable iodoamino acids (IAA) determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Specific activity (SA) of MIT, DIT and T4 was within the same range in TC, FA and grossly normal part of a PC, and was markedly lower in two NNG. SA of T3 was very high in a TC, and higher than that of other IAA, in one NNG, indicating preferential synthesis. SA of MIT and DIT was very high in grossly normal part of a second PC but stable iodothyronines were undetectable. Specimen therefore was biochemically abnormal though grossly normal. In the two abnormal specimens of PC stable IAA were undetectable, even though type of distribution of labeled IAA in one specimen closely approximated that found in TC, FA and NNG. In a second abnormal PC specimen RAI uptake was too low for analysis to be carried out. By combining labeled and stable IAA measurements new parameters for studying human thyroids have been obtained.


Studies on the topical action of 10-undecen-1-il thiopseudourea iodide (AHR-1911) in acute and chronic dermatitis. As a follow-up of a preliminary trial, the therapeutic results obtained in 40 cases of acute and chronic dermatitis by the topical application of 10-undecen-1-yl-pseudothiourea hydroiodide (AHR-1911) in an evanescent vehicle containing triethanolamine stearate are presented. The treatment led to complete remission in 14/40 and to favorable results in 18/40 cases. In 2 out of 3 cases of infantile atopic dermatitis improvement was followed by relapse. The responsiveness to AHR-1911 of patients with delayed hypersensitivity, which requires steroids for treatment, is considered of clinical importance. The prompt action of the drug in acute dermatitis, such as is produced by insect-bites, appeared to be impressive. None of the total of 50 cases treated by the author with this new preparation showed any manifestation of intolerance or reaction to the drug.


Canine and human renal toxicity of inosine dialdehyde (NSC 118994). A new antitumor agent, inosine dialdehyde, has shown minimal hematologic, but dose limiting, renal toxicity. The renal impairment is tubular necrosis due to reduction in renal blood by the drug. In addition, elevated serum calcium will return to normal within one week of drug administration. This effect is not secondary to urinary calcium excretion, but possibly an alteration of bone metabolism.


Antileukemic properties of combinations of radiation and malonato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum(ii) (NSC-224964). Mean survival times were increased an average of 23, 53 and 61%, when 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, respectively, of the organoplatinum congener, malonato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum(II)(NSC-224964), was given as the only treatment modality to BDF1 mice bearing 1-day-old L1210 leukemia. When a single dose of 10 mg/kg was combined with either 300 or 100 R on day 1 only, the anticipated response (ILS = 30 and 38%, respectively) based on the additive effects of the single modalities was surpassed by 26 and 21%, respectively (i.e. extent of therapeutic synergism). When divided doses of radiation (200 R/day x 3 days) were combined with 15 or 20 mg/kg of NSC-224964, survival times were enhanced an average of 15% (extent of synergism) greater than would be expected if these modalities were acting through an additive process(es).


Effects of edible oils on blood and arterial lipids in rats after one year's balanced normolipidic diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during one year with diets containing 12% of one of the following fats: butter, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, palm oil, canbra oil and arachid oil. Total serum cholesterol was lower in the arachid, suflower and butter groups and higher in the palm and hydrogenated soybean groups (p less than 0.01); serum cholesterol esters were lower in the arachid, sunflower and soybean groups, but higher in the palm and hydrogenated soybean groups ( p less than 0.01). Serum triglycerides were lower in the sunflower and arachid groups and higher in the butter and palm groups (p less than 0.01). There was a positive, significant correlation between serum cholesterol and phospholipids in the various groups. In aortas, free cholesterol levels were the same in different groups, but cholesterol ester levels increased in the following order: canbra, butter, arachid, palm, sunflower, rapeseed, hydrogenated soybean and soybean red groups (p less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between aorta cholesterol esters and the ratio 18:0 + 18:1 of the dietary fat (r = 0.69; p less than 0.001).


Education.

Education.


How goes the battle?

How goes the battle?


The uphill fight!

The uphill fight!


Can the ADA save my private practice?

Can the ADA save my private practice?


Treating the avulsed tooth.

Treating the avulsed tooth.


Endodontics and the overdenture.

Endodontics and the overdenture.


Continuing education requirements in medicine in Massachusetts.


Mucoceles of the oral cavity.

Mucoceles of the oral cavity.


Follow-up study of poststroke patients in activities of daily living.


Prevention of antigen-antibody induced intravascular coagulation by granulocytopenia.


Phosphamidase activity in skin diseases.


A new Culicoides record from Taiwan. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae).


President's message: spokesmen for dentistry.


A professional response.

A professional response.


Two minute warning.

Two minute warning.


Words of Weisedom.

Words of Weisedom.


What is your diagnosis?

What is your diagnosis?


Health professionals can help shape the future of health care delivery.


FTC challenges competitive restraints by dental associations. ADA response to FTC complaint.


New Jersey Dental Association peer review procedural manual.


Is interferon tissue specific?- Effect of human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons on the growth of lymphoblastoid and osteosarcoma cell lines. The growth inhibitory effect of human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons was tested in vitro. The effect of fibroblast interferon was more pronounced on osteosarcoma cells and the effect of leukocyte interferon was more pronounced on lymphoid cells. This suggests that the capacity of interferon to inhibit cell growth is, in some measure, tissue specific.


A study of student motivation maintenance.


Simplifying third party paperwork.

Simplifying third party paperwork.


MPD, an unusual case report.

MPD, an unusual case report.


Our last chance...maybe.

Our last chance...maybe.


Update on Peer Review.

Update on Peer Review.


Final report of the Task Force on Impediments to Quality Nursing Care.


The manpower survey of oral surgery in 1974. Part 1 of two parts. 2. The working year of oral surgeons and their plans to retire.


The manpower survey of oral surgery in 1974. Part 1 of two parts. 1. Introduction and some general characteristics of oral surgeons. Questionnaires requesting much data about oral surgeons and their practice of the specialty were mailed to the members of the American Society of Oral Surgeons. A total of 2,251 usable questionnaires were returned. The methods used in the survey and to summarize the data have been described and some general characteristics of the responding oral surgeons have been supplied in this report. Almost 76% (75.8%) of the oral surgeons returned usable questionnaires. Only 2.4% of the respondents were younger than 30 years and 60.5% were in the age range of 30 to 44 years. The average age of all respondents was 43.0 years. Slightly more than 80% participate in private practice either full-time or part-time teaching. Only 5.1% of the respondents aged 65 to 69 had retired. Almost 82% (81.7%) were active members of the Society. More respondents (24.7%) practiced in cities with populations larger than 500,000 and only 4.5% practiced in cities with populations less than 25,000. More than half of the 2,251 respondents (53.8%) practiced in cities with populations less than 150,000, and 44.4% were in cities with populations less than 100,000.


The manpower survey of oral surgery in 1974. Part 1 of two parts. 3. The annual professional income of oral surgeons.


The manpower survey of oral surgery in 1974. Part 1 of two parts. 5. The education, professional affiliations, and office staffs of oral surgeons.


More on membership bylaw change.

More on membership bylaw change.


Current concepts of blood transfusion.

Current concepts of blood transfusion. Extensive research into the physiology of red blood cells and platelets has shown that it is more advantageous to separate blood into its components than to store it as whole blood. After the red blood cells and platelets have reached the restricted period of storage in the liquid state, they can be freeze-preserved and stored for prolonged periods. Plasma can be frozen for future use or can be fractionated into the various stable components. The use of a combination of liquid-preservation and freeze-preservation methods affords a more efficient use of the limited supply of available blood.


Hemodynamic effects of locally applied epinephrine used with various general anesthetic techniques. Halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen (GOF), nitrous oxide-oxygen with diallyl-nor-toxiferine (Jackson-Rees method), or nitrous oxide-oxygen with droperidol-pentazocine (modified NLA) were administered in 190 instances of repair of cleft lips and cleft palates. Epinephrine, 1:30,000, 1:100,000, or 1:300,000, was injected as the vasoconstrictor around the operative field. Epinephrine concentration of 1:100,000 provided sufficient hemostasis, whereas 1:300,000 was insufficient. With the same concentration of epinephrine, GOF and modified NLA seemed to be better than the Jackson-Rees method, since the GOF and modified NLA groups showed less increase of pulse rate, blood pressure, and plethysmographic changes. A 1:30,000 concentration of epinephrine could be used safely with the Jackson-Rees method and the hemostasis with this concentration was superior to 1:100,000. However, it is recommended only for the cleft lip operation, since these patients are younger and need better hemostasis, and hypersalivation after reversal does not disturb the postoperative course. So-called epinephrine-induced arrhythmia with halothane anesthesia occurred in 1 of 34 instances with 1:300,000 solution and in 5 of 48 instances with 1:100,000 solution. Propranolol was given in only one instance. All others returned to normal rhythm with hyperventilation with pure oxygen. The use of 1:100,000 solution of epinephrine as an adjunct with modified NLA is the most satisfactory and safe method for cleft palate operations, and 1:30,000 with the Jackson-Rees is the better method for cleft lip repairs.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 19, part 2. Mikulicz syndrome secondary to lymphosarcoma.


Coccidioides immitis osteomyelitis of the mandible in an infant. Coccidioidomycotic osteomyelitis developed at the angle of the right side of the mandible in a 5-month-old Papago infant. The disease was successfully treated with a combination of amphotericin B, surgery, and transfer factor with complete immunological, microbiological, and radiological cure. At 4 years of age, the only residual effect is prominence of the right hemimandible with asymmetry of the jaw.


Fatal mediastinitis after a dental infection. The pertinent features of life-threatening complications of dental infections have been briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the alterations of the clinical features of these conditions induced by antibiotic therapy. The clinician who deals with dental infections must exercise a high index of suspicion to consistently abort the development of these complications, especially when treating debilitated patients or individuals with compromised immune functions.


Necrotizing fasciitis.

Necrotizing fasciitis. Necrotizing fasciitis is a relatively uncommon severe soft tissue infection that is characterized by rapid widespread superficial fascial necrosis with undermining of surrounding soft tissue. Recent advances in anaerobic culture techniques have allowed identification of anaerobic organisms, which are now considered to have a vital role in the pathogenesis of this soft tissue infection. Therapy requires both rapid institution of a high level of antibiotics and a radical surgical incision and drainage procedure. All of the aerobic and anaerobic organisms isolated in the reported case of necrotizing fasciitis arising from a periapically infected mandibular third molar demonstrated in vitro sensitivity to penicillin.


Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor resembling a globulomaxillary cyst: light and electron microscopic studies.


Metastatic thyroid carcinoma of the mandible mimicking an arteriovenous malformation. A case of thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the mandible is presented. Particular attention has been called to its extremely vascular nature and a recommendation has been made that all lesions of such suspected vascularity should be preoperatively studied by angiography in an effort to provide insight into the nature of the lesion as well as the exact blood supply. With this information, appropriate devascularization either by surgical ligation or intravascular embolization can be performed before biopsy and hence sudden and potentially overwhelming hemorrhage during incisional or excisional surgery can be avoided.


Immediate reconstruction of an orbital complex fracture with autogenous mandibular bone. A case of fracture of the zygomaticomaxillary complex with an associated defect of the infraorbital rim and orbital floor is discussed. Use of the lateral plate of the mandibular ramus to reconstruct the defect and advantages of this technique are discussed.


Outlining the osteotomy site for the intraoral oblique osteotomy.


Pedicle tongue flap for closure of an oroantral defect after partial maxillectomy. The position, size, and composition of the tongue make it ideal as a potential donor site for repair of certain oral defects. Adherence to principles of sound flap design must be followed. A technique for closure of large oroantral communications with use of a pedicled graft from the lateral border of the tongue has been described. This procedure provides the patient with immediate repair of the defect, while maintaining the relatively normal anatomic architecture of the oral cavity. We believe that this technique is also applicable to closure of other types of oroantral defects in addition to those described.


Zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis.

Zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis. Although zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis may have been encountered by many oral surgeons, its occurrence has rarely been reported. A review of the literature has disclosed only nine reported cases. The treatment of these cases has been by coronoidectomy with either an intraoral or extraoral approach.


Oral dysplasia and in situ carcinoma: clinicopathologic correlations of eight patients. Eight patients with multiple oral dysplastic epithelial lesions were followed by clinical examinations and serial biopsies for periods varying from four to 22 years. The dysplasias and in situ carcinomas were characterized by persistence, recurrence, and eventual progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. It could not be determined whether dysplasia and in situ carcinoma were separate clinical-pathologic entities with similar end points or whether they were part of a continuum in a spectrum of epithelial neoplasia. The need for close clinical observation and local excision was emphasized because of the multiplicity of lesions and because of the protracted clinical course. Treatment of these patients was problematic because of similarities of the disease to lichen planus. It is possible that they had a premalignant disease process that mimicked lichen planus, or that they had an unusual form of lichen planus for which criteria have not been established. The progressive nature of the disease was exemplified by one death, one patient with cervical metastasis, and one with generalized remote metastatic disease.


Keratinizing potential of human crevicular epithelium.


Retreatment in periodontal practice.

Retreatment in periodontal practice. Periodontal disease has a greater or lesser tendency to recur. The therapist controls rather than cures the condition. Careful maintenance is as important as skillful original treatment if periodontal health is to be maintained. At the time of the original treatment, every patient should be informed that retreatment of some type is occasionally necessary. Patients with recurrence of disease should be treated as conservatively as possible and every effort should be made to find the cause of failure. Surgical retreatment should be done only after a reasonable effort has been made to improve the situation by other means. The deepened crevice that does not bleed when probed and is not accompanied by bone loss does not provide justification for surgical retreatment. This report has reviewed some of the reasons for treatment failures and has presented a philosophy for their management.


Calcium deficiency is responsible for the initiation of periodontal disease.


Effect of chlorhexidine on the hamster cheek pouch. Microcirculation and penetration studies. The application of chlorhexidine gluconate on the intact cheek pouch of hamsters led to an immediate increase of flow velocity determined in venules beneath the epithelium. The application of [14C]chlorhexidine on the intact cheek pouch led to accumulation of labeled material in the liver and kidneys. Both findings indicate that penetration of the drug occurred through the epithelium of the cheek pouch.


Principles, concepts and practices in prosthodontics.


A study of the acceptability of lateral records by the Whip-Mix articulator. 1. Of 50 lateral condylar settings made, 10 were not accepted by the Whip-Mix articulator. 2. An improved method of obtaining lateral interocclusal records was described. 3. The Whip-Mix articulator is considered useful in diagnosis and treatment in prosthodontic procedures if one is aware of its limitations.


Prosthodontic treatment of traumatic overlap of the anterior teeth.


Biologic laws governing functions of muscles that move the mandible. Part II. Condylar position. A model to quantify muscle response to occlusal contacts is useful in developing an understanding of the mechanism by which the occlusion programs muscle function. A knowledge of how the occlusion programs muscle function enables the dentist to develop manipulative skills of the mandible which are necessary for diagnosis and effective occlusal treatment. This article presents complicated neuromuscular responses (reflexes) to occlusal contacts in an oversimplified way and with analogies so that the clinical significance of these neuromuscular reflexes in diagnosis and treatment can be more easily understood.


Dentistry's future depends on you!

Dentistry's future depends on you!


Three-dimensional recordings of envelopes of motion related to mandibular movements.


Bridging the gap: school to practice.

Bridging the gap: school to practice.


Highlights of the 1976 ADA House of Delegates.


Comments on survey.

Comments on survey.


Blues and injustice.

Blues and injustice.


MDA peer review manual.

MDA peer review manual.


The seton in fistula surgery.

The seton in fistula surgery.


Common questions about methadone treatment.


The development of human aggression.

The development of human aggression.


Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery following non-penetrating cranio-cervical trauma.


Whole body extract versus venom treatment in anaphylactic reactions to bee stings: the doctor's dilemma.


Can private practice survive?

Can private practice survive?


Legal representative comments.

Legal representative comments.


Message from the top.

Message from the top.


Malignant lymphoma of the stomach.

Malignant lymphoma of the stomach.


Impotence and the penile implant.

Impotence and the penile implant.


The president says.

The president says.


President's message, Missouri Dental Service.


Inaugural address.

Inaugural address.


Clinical guidelines for the use microaggregate blood transfusion filters.


Synopsis of 1975 amendment to laws governing nursing in South Carolina: extended and expanded roles of the nurse.


Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation in conjunction with auditory modification.


Community and client acceptance of family planning services in a summer beach environment.


Anxiety and relaxation tests for N2OO2 sedation.


Primary and secondary bone tumours in the dog.


Objective and subjective signs of conscious sedation.


Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 36--1977.


Terminal transferase and lymphoblastic neoplasms.


Childhood lead poisoning in North Carolina: experience in Wilmington.


Painless subacute thyroiditis: a report of two cases.


The management of chronic pain: an evaluation of recent developments, with special reference to the regional anesthesia and the pain clinic.


Renal excretion of uric acid and its relation to relapse and remission in acute myeloid leukaemia.


Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: assessing emergency department staff performance.


Electrocardiographic findings in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of heart involvement.


Selection of site for permanent epicardial pacing using myocardial testing electrode.


Correction of paraesophageal hiatal hernia.


Mucoepidermoid bronchial adenoma; with unusual pattern of growth.


Safety of aortic valve replacement in septuagenarians.


Management of hypertensive emergency.

Management of hypertensive emergency.


Reflection on geriatrics.

Reflection on geriatrics.


Primary pyogenic infection of sacroiliac joint.


Bovine heterograft femoropopliteal bypass: aneurysmal degeneration.


Carpal tunnel syndrome in hemophilia.

Carpal tunnel syndrome in hemophilia.


Babesiosis on Shelter Island.

Babesiosis on Shelter Island.


Confidentiality.

Confidentiality.


Confidentiality of medical records: legistation at last.


Compensation for reports.

Compensation for reports.


Single health agency: viable concept.

Single health agency: viable concept.


Pathophysiology of general cyanosis. Graphic analysis.


Central nervous system infections. Etiologic and epidemiologic observations in New York State, 1975.


Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. Subjective patient response.


Methadone maintenance. Outcome after termination.


Indium chloride bone-marrow scanning in advanced prostatic carcinoma.


Programmable pacemaker. Two year study.

Programmable pacemaker. Two year study.


Anesthesia for patients aged over ninety years.


Stroke rehabilitation I. Factors predicting outcome and length of stay--an overview.


Stroke rehabilitation. II. Guidelines for establishing a stroke rehabilitation unit.


Amputee rehabilitation. I. Lower-limb amputations.


Tuberculosis patients; reactivation.

Tuberculosis patients; reactivation.


Medical ethics, humanism, and preparation of modern physician.


Are hospitals dehumanized?

Are hospitals dehumanized?


Teaching humanity-oriented medical ethics.


Decline of altruism in medical care.

Decline of altruism in medical care.


Humanistic base for professional ethics in medicine.


Left upper quadrant mass and abdominal pain [conference].


Geriatric medicine: imperatives.

Geriatric medicine: imperatives.


Stroke associated with cocaine abuse--?

Stroke associated with cocaine abuse--?


Sarcoidal reaction in tattoos.

Sarcoidal reaction in tattoos.


Inadvertent chlorambucil overdose in adult.


Familial hypothyroidism manifested by painful, swollen joints.


Bilateral facial palsy. Occurrence with diabetes mellitus.


Alcoholism: Rand Report--its significant for physicians.


Women in dentistry.

Women in dentistry.


A scanning electron microscope study of cavity margins finished by different methods.


Effective international aid: the encouragement of self reliance.


Outpatient nasotracheal anaesthesia for children's dentistry.


Lead and cadmium in New Zealand toothpastes and containers.


Vocational training in a university setting.


New Zealand Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions: Eleventh Annual Report 1976.


Trends in medical care and the nurse/patient relationship.


Changing roles in mental health care--are we ready?


Are we a sick society?

Are we a sick society?


Mental health--a human right?

Mental health--a human right?


My last myocardial infarction.

My last myocardial infarction.


The Mental Health Foundation.

The Mental Health Foundation.


New Zealand needs The Mental Health Foundation.


Don't be fooled by men.

Don't be fooled by men.


Women and mental health--an overview.

Women and mental health--an overview.


Pulpal status after autogenous transplantation of fully developed maxillary canines. By means of histologic and histochemical studies of oxidative enzymes, the pulps of transplanted fully developed maxillary canines have been evaluated after an observation period of 3 to 25 months. No pulp had survived the transplantation trauma, and endodontic treatment of fully developed transplant teeth was considered to be a prerequisite to an optimal clinical result.


Scanning microscopic evaluation of canal débridement as compared to present methods. Ninety-one samples of root canal contents were obtained from thirty-one teeth. The paper point samples were evaluated for exudate, subjected to bacteriologic analysis, and/or examined with the scanning electron microscope. A comparison was made between the presence or absence of exudate, positive and negative cultures, and the presence or absence of contaminants as examined under the SEM. All three methods of evaluation showed some degree of correlationmscanning electron microscopy appears to be a more sensitive test for canal status.


Trotter's syndrome. A review.

Trotter's syndrome. A review.


The tuskal pulp of the narwhal, Monodon monoceros.


Effect of lavage on the incidence of localized osteitis in mandibular third molar extraction sites. Four hundred twenty-two mandibular third molars were extracted in 211 patients. After extraction, one half of the surgical sites were subjected to a 175 ml. lavage with normal saline solution, and the other half received a lavage of less than 25 ml. of normal saline solution. Comparisons revealed the following: 1. The overall incidence of localized osteitis was 8.3 per cent (thirty-five of 422 sites). 2. Localized osteitis occurred at twelve of 211 (5.7 per cent) sites which were subjected to the higher-volume lavage. 3. Localized osteitis occurred at twenty-three of 211 (10.9 per cent) sites which were subjected to minimal lavage. 4. The incidence of localized osteitis was determined in the various age groups as follows: ages 15 to 20, 5.0 per cent; ages 21 to 35, 10.4 per cent; ages 26 to 30, 14.7 per cent. 5. Localized osteitis occurred at eight of 175 (4.5 per cent) partial-impaction sites, whereas it occurred at twenty-seven of 246 (11 per cent) complete-impaction sites. 6. The incidence of localized osteitis at extraction sites in female patients taking oral contraceptives was 19.4 per cent (seven of thirty-six sites). 7. Postoperative infection occurred at seven of 422 extraction sites (1.4 per cent); six of these occurred at sites which were subjected to minimal lavage. These results indicate that the use of a 175 ml. lavage with normal saline solution after extraction of mandibular third molars will significantly reduce the incidence of localized osteitis to approximately one half of that observed when only a minimal-volume lavage is used. The results also suggest that age, type of impaction, and whether the patient is taking oral contraceptives are all important factors to be considered in the incidence of localized osteitis.


Xeroradiography of dental structures. I. Preliminary investigations. Xeroradiography has several inherent technical advantages over intraoral film radiography, as well as many convenience features. We found that a conventional dental x-ray unit can act as an excellent source of radiation for xeroradiography of dental structures. Furthermore, high-quality images of soft tissue, bone, and teeth were produced at radiation exposures up to seven times less than for conventional intraoral film radiography. This demonstration of reduced radiation exposure should further encourage research into the applicability of xeroradiography to the imaging of dental structures.


Cephalometric studies of patients with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.


Median mandibular fissure.

Median mandibular fissure.


Radiopaque mass in alveolus.

Radiopaque mass in alveolus.


Transposed third premolars in occlusion.


Oral manifestations of an arteriovenous anastomosis. Described is the case of a healthy 30-year-old Caucasian man who presented with marked unilateral loss of alveolar bone and tooth mobility on the left side. The history and clinical signs and symptoms were consistent with the diagnosis of congenital arteriovenous anastomosis.


Actinomycosis of the anterior maxilla.

Actinomycosis of the anterior maxilla.


Lesions resembling globulomaxillary cysts.


A modified stent for decompression of cysts. Presented is a simple method for decompression of a cyst with the use of a modified stent. The patient is instructed in methods of removal, insertion, and irrigation by means of a blunt No. 16 gauge needle. Periodic follow-up radiographic examinations permit reduction in tube length as the defect "fills in".


Ameloblastoma of the maxilla. Report of a case. Reported is the case of a well-circumscribed radiopaque ameloblastoma of the maxilla. Treatment was by means of a conservative partial resection of the maxilla. The procedure was successful in completely removing the tumor mass without causing any noticeable facial disfigurement. Long-term follow-up was stressed to the patient for early detection of any recurrence.


Management of oral hemangioma. Review of the literature and report of a case.


Tetracycline-induced extrinsic discoloration of the dentition. Tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is known to cause intrinsic discoloration of the dentition. A case is being presented of extrinsic discoloration of the teeth associated with the use of this drug. This is believed to be the first such reported case in the literature. Possible mechanisms of how tetracycline may cause extrinsic tooth discoloration are discussed.


Clinicopathologic effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents on human buccal mucosa. Specimens of buccal mucosa obtained at autopsy from 216 patients were examined for histopathologic alterations. Atrophic oral epithelium was found in thirty cases. A retrospective study of the hospital records revealed that thirteen of these latter patients had been on a cancer chemotherapeutic regimen prior to death. There was a significantly higher incidence of atrophy in the chemotherapy group (p less than 0.001) than in control patients. These findings, as well as the expected inherent susceptibility of rapidly replicating oral epithelial cells to metabolic inhibitors, suggest a causal relationship between oral atrophy and the administration of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This atrophy may therefore represent a preliminary stage of mucosal alteration that ultimately progresses to the clinical sequelae of stomatitis and oral ulcerations frequently encountered during cancer chemotherapy. Some alternative mechanisms are also discussed.


Why can't you achieve adequate regional anesthesia in the presence of infection? Observed in this study were morphologic changes in inflamed nerves, along with biochemical changes, which appear to act concurrently to deactivate or prevent activation of the local anesthetic solution. Morphologic changes were observed along the nerve fiber distant from the inflammatory site. These neuro-degenerative changes were seen at the axon and myelin sheaths level. The biochemical data support the presence in the inflamed nerve of amino acids which may be the product of lysosomal rupture and proteolytic enzyme release. These inflammatory mediators may affect either the local anesthetic or the environment of the nerve fiber. The precise mechanism of action of these catalytic products cannot be determined from this study.


Aberrant salivary gland tissue in the anterior mandible. Salivary gland tissue inclusions in the posterior part of the mandible are not rare. Inclusions in the anterior portion, however, are very unusual, and the case presented here brings the number of reported cases up to a total of seven. The aberrant gland appeared on a panoramic radiograph as a radiolucency judged to be a periapical lesion on the right mandibular second premolar.


Primary localized amyloidosis of the palate. A case of amyloid tumor of the palate is reported in a 10-year-old girl. The past history, the detailed general clinical and laboratory examinations, and biopsy specimens collected from the rectal mucosa, gingiva, tongue, and skin excluded other forms of localizations of amyloidosis. The isolated amyloid tumor is an exceptional form of amyloidosis, and in the available literature we have not found mention of its localization on the palate.


Median mandibular cyst.

Median mandibular cyst. Since the median mandibular cyst is an extremely rare lesion, there is difficulty in determining the nature and origin of this entity. An additional case of a median mandibular cyst is described and an attempt is made to clarify the confusion associated with the diagnosis of this lesion. After a review of the literature it is suggested that the median mandibular cyst is a much rarer entity than was previously believed.


Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible.

Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible. Ewing's sarcoma of the head and neck, particularly of the mandible, has a low incidence of occurrence (fifty-five cases in the literature). The present case report demonstrates well the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features in a patient treated at the Head and Neck Service of the Fundação Antonio Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. The etiologic, clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic features are discussed, with the conclusion that radiation is the best therapeutic procedure when associated with chemotherapy.


Microscopic study of the pulps of human teeth following vital root resection. The effects of vital root resection upon the remaining pulp were studied in twenty-six periodontally involved human molars. The pulp was extirpated 14 days after the intervention. Granulomatous tissue present in the pulp chamber protruded from the site of the exposure as a polyp in eleven cases. Mild chronic inflammatory changes were present in the coronalmost part of the radicular pulp. The apical pulp was not affected at this time interval.


Clinical experience with Californium-252 (first report).


Epilation in rats after single and multifractionated gamma-ray exposure.


Nursing children under the laminar flow-2: a boy with leukaemia.


Genetic engineering.

Genetic engineering.


A rare presentation of splenic rupture.

A rare presentation of splenic rupture. Traumatic rupture of the spleen is a well known problem, complicating many types of abdominal injury. In contrast, a spontaneous rupture is a rare occurrence, mainly associated with a large spleen resulting from infections, the most common in this country being infectious mononucleosis. It is also a rare complication of leukaemias and lymphomas and the case presented here demonstrates a peculiar diagnostic problem.


5-Methoxytryptamine-induced head twitches in rats. In rats pretreated with pargyline ip injection of 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), but not of 5-HT, produced characteristic head twitches. 5-HT receptor blocking agents (cyproheptadine, methergoline, mianserine, WA-335-BS, and methsergide) reduced the effect of 5-MT. These substances in doses 20-160 times higher than their ED50 in head twitch test did not antagonize the pinna reflex. 5-MT-induced head twitches were also inhibited by imipramine, morphine, phenoxybenzamine and aceperone. However, their ED50 were only 3-8 times below the doses necessary to inhibit the pinna reflex. Reserpine, phentolamine, spiroperidol, pimozide and LiCl did not modify head twitches produced by 5-MT, while PCPA even potentiated them. Our results suggest the 5-MT-induced head twitches are due to the activation of the central 5-HT mechanisms probably as a result of direct stimulation of 5-HT receptors by 5-MT. Antagonism of 5-MT-induced head twitches and the dissociation of doses effective in this test from those inhibiting the pinna reflex may be of value in the prediction of central 5-HT receptor blocking properties.


New methylcyclopentanoid terpenes from the larval defensive secretion of a chrysomelid beetle (Plagiodera versicolora). The defensive secretion of larvae of the chrysomelid beetle Plagiodera versicolora contains two unstable, volatile methylcyclopentanoid terpenes: a dialdehyde (chrysomelidial) isomeric with dolichodial and anisomorphal, and a closely related enol lactone (plagiolactone). Chrysomelidial and plagiolactone are shown to have structures III and IV on the basis of a detailed analysis of their spectra, coupled with chemical transformations to products of known structure.


Synthesis of 13,14-dehydroprostacyclin methyl ester: a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The structure of the most recently discovered, biologically highly active prostaglandin, PGI2 or prostacyclin, is correctly predicted on biogenetic grounds, and a general synthesis starting with prostaglandins of the F2alpha series is reported. Starting with the biologically active 13,14-dehydro-PGF2alpha, the synthesis involves formation of a 5-bromo-6,9alpha-epoxy derivative, followed by esterification and dehydrobromination of the methyl ester to form the prostacyclin structure. The stereochemistry at C-5 and C-6 of all reported products is assigned on the basis of experimental findings and mechanistic reasoning. 13,14-Dehydroprostacyclin methyl ester is considerably more stable at pH 7.5 than prostacyclin. It inhibits platelet aggregation induced by a variety of agents and causes an increase in renal blood flow in the dog at nanomolar levels.


Oligouridylate stretches in heterogeneous nuclear RNA. Three classes of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA) alpha, beta, and gamma, with different chemical and physical properties, can be identified in the early sea urchin embryo by hybridization with poly(U). The relative amounts of these classes vary as a function of embryonic development. It is demonstrated here that the adenyl-containing classes of HnRNA, alpha and beta, can be subfractionated by hybridization with poly(A)-agarose into species containing and lacking oligo(U)-enriched segments. These oligo(U) segments could not be detected in gamma HnRNA, which was previously shown to also lack adenylate segments. The relative proportions of these species undergo marked changes during development from early blastula (7 hr) to mesenchyme blastula (20 hr). I propose models to explain the possible effects of complementary sequences of adenylate and uridylate on the secondary structure of HnRNA, and speculate on the functional significance of such complexes.


Conformational basis for the activation of adenylate cyclase by adenosine. The ability of adenosine to stimulate adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] and increase adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels has important biochemical consequences. These include the suppression of immune responses and cardiovascular effects. Recent investigations involving the ability of adenosine and adenosine analogs to stimulate adenylate cyclase provided experimental data that appear to be correlated with the ability of adenosine and analogs of adenosine to exist in the glycosidic high anti conformation. 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine, which is not stable in the high anti conformation, is inactive as a stimulator of adenylate cyclase. 2'-Deoxyadenosine is also not stable in the high anti conformation but its instability may be significantly decreased by intramolecular adjustments promoted by receptor or active site interactions. 2'-Deoxyadenosine does not activate adenylate cyclase in lymphocytes when ATP is the substrate but is able to activate adenylate cyclase when 2-fluoro ATP is the substrate. The inability of certain analogs of adenosine, with bulky groups substituted for hydrogen at the 8 position of the adenine base, to activate adenylate cyclase and increase either lymphocyte or cardiac cell cAMP levels is consistent with the designation of the high anti conformation as being the conformation required for the activation of adenylate cyclase. An understanding of the glycosidic conformation required by the extracellular adenosine receptor of the adenosine molecule provides the basis for designing nucleoside analogs of adenosine that will exert a desired effect on cAMP levels. The avoidance of unwanted immunosuppressive or cardiotoxic effects can be arranged by structural changes that prohibit the high anti conformation.


Cytoplasmic nonpolysomal ribonucleoprotein particles in sea urchin embryos and their relationship to protein synthesis. We have examined the relationship between the newly synthesized mRNA that enters polysomes in sea urchin embryos and the messengerlike RNA that enters the pool of ribosome-free ribonucleoprotein particles (free RNPs or informosomes). Although the RNA in the free RNPs turns over 25% more rapidly than in the polysomes, labeling kinetics indicate that the RNA containing poly(A) [poly(A)(+)RNA] and the RNA not containing poly(A) [poly(A)(-)RNA] within each cytoplasmic compartment have very similar half-lives. The poly(A)(+)RNA from both free RNPs and polysomes binds ribosomes almost equally well in a reticulocyte lysate, and this binding is sensitive to inhibitors of initiation. The poly(A)(-)RNA from polysomes initiates as well as poly(A)(+)RNA; however, poly(A)(-)RNA from free RNPs is only half as efficient in binding to ribosomes, and by this criterion is only 50% mRNA. We have also examined the size and dynamics of shortening of the poly(A) tails of poly(A)(+)RNA from free RNPs and polysomes. Pulse-labeled poly(A) from both free RNPs and polysomes is about 180 nucleotides in length. Poly(A) shortening is very rapid in polysomes; steady-state labeled polysomal RNA is largely devoid of the 180-nucleotide-long poly(A) segments. Poly(A) shortening in free RNPs is slower; half of the poly(A) derived from steady-state free RNPs is still 180 nucleotides long. Despite this difference in the rates of poly(A) shortening, polysomes and free RNPs have very similar half-lives. There is, then, no obvious relationship between poly(A) shortening and turnover of mRNA in these embryos. The data are interpreted to mean that poly(A)(+)RNA from free RNPs is enriched for a class of mRNA that initiates less frequently in vivo than the bulk of the cellular mRNA.


Amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4. Human platelet factor 4, a protein that binds heparin, has been purified to apparent homogeneity and the complete amino acid sequence of the protein has been determined. The 70-residue polypeptide chain contains no methionine, tryptophan, or phenylalanine, and contains only a single tyrosyl residue. The sequence analysis demonstrates a highly negatively charged amino-terminal region. The carboxyl-terminal region of the polypeptide is unusual in that it contains a repetitive clustering of positively charged and hydrophobic pairs of amino acids; preliminary evidence suggests that this domain may play a role in the binding of heparin.


Synthesis of opiate peptides by a clonal pituitary tumor cell line. Clonal mouse pituitary tumor cells, AtT-20, synthesize at least four species of peptides with opiate activity. The endorphin concentration of AtT-20 cells was estimated to be 300-600 pmol/mg of protein. The two most abundant endorphins with apparent molecular weights of 1800 and 2400 were purified 300- and 24-fold, respectively; additional minor components were found with apparent molecular weights of greater than 3000 and less than 750.


Translation of tobacco necrosis virus and its satellite in a cell-free wheat germ system. Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) and its satellite virus (STNV) each contain a single-stranded RNA genome, of about 1.4 X 10(6) and 0.4 X 10(6) daltons, respectively, which is very active in stimulating amino acid incorporation in a wheat germ cell-free system. With STNV RNA the predominant incorporation product of 22,000 daltons coelectrophoreses with viral coat protein and crossreacts with antibody to viral coat protein. A similar result is obtained with TNV RNA, the only major translation product being a 30,000-dalton protein which corresponds to the coat protein by gel sizing, serological tests, and tryptic peptide analysis. Other products appearing in smaller amounts are about 63,000, 43,000, and 26,000 daltons and smaller. The possible nature of these products is discussed, as well as the unusual feature of a large, presumably multigenic, viral RNA yielding the coat protein as the predominant translation product in a eukaryotic system. Much less STNV RNA than TNV RNA produces maximal translation. Cotranslation of both RNAs in vitro indicates that STNV RNA has a translational advantage over TNV RNA. The fact that these RNAs lack 5'-terminal capping and 3'-terminal poly(A) is discussed.


Studies on nucleic acid reassociation kinetics: retarded rate of hybridization of RNA with excess DNA. The rate of reaction of excess double-stranded bacteriophage phiX174 and plasmid RSF2124 DNA drivers with enzymatically synthesized asymmetric RNA tracers was measured. Other reactions were carried out with excess Escherichia coli DNA and E. coli RNA labeled in vivo. RNA and DNA fragment lengths were held approximately equal. For each case it was shown that in DNA excess the rate constant for RNA-DNA hybridization is 3- to 4.5-fold lower than that of the renaturation rate constant for the driver DNA. This retardation was also observed in pseudo-first-order hybridization reactions driven by excess strand-separated RSF2124 DNA. It was concluded that the rate constant for RNA-DNA by hybridization depends partially on which species is in excess.


Unwinding protein specific for mRNA translation fractionated together with rabbit reticulocyte initiation factor 3 complex. Experiments with a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system dependent on the addition of initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) and mRNA were carried out. In this system, using ribosomal subunits, AUG(U)(n) can direct polyphenylalanine synthesis in the absence of eIF-3 at 3 mM MgCl(2). Globin mRNA was not translated under similar conditions; its translation requires the addition of eIF-3. Moreover, the maximal rate of globin synthesis was achieved when the molar ratio of eIF-3 to ribosomes was approximately 1. This was taken to indicate that some ribosomal proteins were fractionated with eIF-3 and functioned in reconstitution of salt-washed ribosomes. In our system, almost all ribosomes were active, as evident from the fact that all were found in polysomes when analyzed at the time of linear incorporation, and the molar ratio of ribosomes to mRNA was maintained at 4:1. When AUG(U)(n) was hybridized with poly(A), it could not direct polyphenylalanine synthesis with or without eIF-3 and was a potent inhibitor of the translation of globin mRNA in the presence of eIF-3. When poly(A) containing 10% U was hybridized with AUG(U)(n) and added to the cell-free system, addition of eIF-3 promoted polyphenylalanine synthesis to about 80% of control. Moreover, eIF-3 was seen to shift significantly the melting temperature of globin and synthetic double-stranded RNA. These observations suggest that extraction of ribosomes with 0.5 M KCl may release a ribosomal protein that fractionates with eIF-3. This protein may function in unwinding or melting the secondary structure of mRNA and thus facilitate translation.


Nerve growth factor in mouse serum and saliva: role of the submandibular gland. The concept that the salivary gland of the mouse is an endocrine organ for nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reexamined. Serum concentrations of the protein have been measured by radioimmunoassay in male and female mice and in mice from which the submandibular glands were removed. In spite of the fact that the submandibular glands of male mice contained more NGF than did those of female mice, no sex differences in circulating concentrations of the factor were detected. Furthermore, serum concentrations of NGF did not change after submandibular gland removal or after administration of several autonomic agonists. These results indicate that the submandibular glands are not endocrine organs with respect to NGF. On the other hand, extremely high concentrations of the factor are normally secreted in mouse saliva at levels that reflect the sex differences in the amount of NGF present in the glands. This finding suggests that the salivary gland is an exocrine organ for NGF and that the protein may play a biological role in saliva.


4,4'-Bis (1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate) (bis-ANS): a new probe of the active site of myosin. The interaction of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) with 4,4'-bis(1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate) (bis-ANS) has been studied by monitoring the fluorescence of the latter when the two components form a complex. Because ATP and ATP analogs partially displace complexed bis-ANS it has also been possible to study interactions of S-1 and nucleotides by using the displacement effect. Approximate values of the parameters of these various interactions have been measured. Some possible applications of bis-ANS have been explored. For example, it provides a very convenient method for obtaining the Michaelis constant, Km, in steady-state S-1 nucleoside triphosphatase; this particular application has also provided some evidence for inferring that in Ca2+ (but not in Mg2+) adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) S-1 behaves like a mixture of two components, each with its own Km. Clear energy transfer occurs between tryptophan residues and bound bis-ANS. The fluorescence also suggests that S-1 undergoes some slow relaxations following substrate binding.


Effect of uridine on cellular UTP and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle: stimulation of UTP formation by insulin. The relation between cellular uracil nucleotides and ability to synthesize glycogen was studied in rat diaphragm incubated in vitro. In the absence of exogenous uridine the tissue content of UTP and rate of glycogen synthesis decreased with time. Uridine added to the medium increased cellular UTP and UDPG and stimulated glycogen synthesis. Insulin significantly increased the synthesis of UTP from extracellular uridine. This action of insulin appeared to be due to a stimulation of phosphorylation of the nucleoside and not to an effect on transport at the concentrations of uridine studied. However, an effect of insulin on transport of uridine at low concentrations cannot be excluded.


Pregrowth hormone messenger RNA: glucocorticoid induction and identification in rat pituitary cells. We have investigated whether the large (5- to 15-fold) stimulation of synthesis of growth hormone (somatotropin) observed upon exposure of a strain of rat pituitary (GH3) cells to dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) arises from a stimulation of pregrowth hormone mRNA. A good agreement was observed between the stimulation of growth hormone synthesis and the stimulation of cytoplasmic levels of pregrowth hormone mRNA, assayed by translation in wheat germ extracts. Electrophoresis on formamide-acrylamide gels of oligo(dT)-treated membrane fraction RNA revealed a band that was induced by dexamethasone to about the same extent as was translatable pregrowth hormone mRNA. Elution of the band and translation in wheat germ extracts showed directly that it contained pregrowth hormone mRNA. These results suggest that the dexamethasone induction of growth hormone synthesis in GH3 cells arises from an accumulation of pregrowth hormone mRNA in the cytoplasm of the cells. The pregrowth hormone mRNA band observed by gel electrophoresis had an estimated molecular weight of 3.6 X 10(5), suggesting the existence in this molecule of an untranslated region at least 200 nucleotides in length.


Formation of the four isomers of hen egg white lysozyme containing three negative disulfide bonds and one open disulfide bond. Reduced partially carboxymethylated hen egg white lysozyme (mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase; EC 3.2.1.17) (approximately 0.8 mol of [1-(14)C]carboxymethyl groups) was air oxidized at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees in the presence of 1.5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol for 36 hr. Gel filtration of this product gave the lower (native) and higher hydrodynamic volume forms, both containing radioactivity (approximately 35 and 65%, respectively). Ion exchange chromatography of the lower hydrodynamic volume forms yielded renatured lysozyme, two major radioactive samples (LH(C) and LH(D)) eluting at the positions of monocarboxymethylated lysozyme, and two minor radioactive samples eluting at the positions of dicarboxymethylated lysozyme. Sample LH(C) (approximately 23% of the radioactivity) was essentially homogeneous with respect to electrophoretic mobility, exhibited approximately 39% of the enzymic activity of lysozyme, and contained 0.95 mol of [(14)C]carboxymethyl groups. Sample LH(D) (approximately 8% of the radioactivity) was also enzymically active and contained approximately 0.5 mol of [(14)C]carboxymethyl groups; this low value is apparently due to contamination of noncarboxymethylated species. The radioactive tryptic peptides from samples LH(C) and LH(D) were characterized. The results indicated that all eight isomers, containing three presumably native disulfide bonds and one free and one carboxymethylated sulfhydryl group, are formed on air oxidation of reduced partially carboxymethylated lysozyme. Since in each of these isomers the formation of one of the four native disulfide bonds is permanently blocked, it would follow that no one of the four disulfide bonds of native lysozyme is obligatory in the formation of the other three native disulfide bonds.


Regulation by estrogen of the vitellogenin gene. The vitellogenin gene is inactive in the liver of male Xenopus laevis, unless exogenous estrogen is administered. We have previously shown that conventional doses of estradiol-17beta result in the appearance of new hepatic messenger RNAs, some of which are encoded for vitellogenin. We now report that much higher doses of the hormone (2 mg/frog per day for 4 days) are required to elicit maximal responses. The relative levels of membrane-bound polysomes and vitellogenin mRNA were determined as a function of time and dose of hormone. Translation of total polysomal RNA in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ was used to estimate the relative levels of vitellogenin messenger RNA. Faithful translation of this messenger RNA was indicated by two lines of evidence: labeled cell-free products were immunoprecipitated with antivitellogenin antibody, and the migration of the major labeled product in sodium dodecyl sulfate/acrylamide gels was identical to that of native vitellogenin. Our results establish conditions for maximal estrogen-induced responses in this system, and are compatible with the hypothesis that a major regulatory mechanism of steroid hormones in the control of protein synthesis is that of gene activation and regulation of messenger RNA levels.


13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of radiation damage: radiation-induced degradation of glycine. The stable products generated in polycrystalline glycine exposed to ionizing radiation and subsequently dissolved in water were identified by using (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The study was done on isotopically enriched samples. The results can be correlated with the results of many other studies on irradiated glycine using other methods.


Elastic model of supercoiling.

Elastic model of supercoiling. An elastic model for the supercoiling of duplex DNA is developed. The simplest assumptions regarding the elastic properties of double-helical DNA (homogeneous, isotropic, of circular cross section, and remaining straight when unstressed) will generate two orders of superhelicity when stressed. Recent experimental results [Brady, G.W., Fein, D.B. & Brumberger, H. (1976) Nature 264, 231-234] suggest that in supercoiled DNA molecules there are regions where two distinct orders of supercoiling arise, as predicted by this model.


Effect of medium composition on protein degradation and DNA synthesis in rat embryo fibroblasts. Fibroblasts in medium deficient in serum, amino acids, phosphate, or glucose stop synthesizing DNA and increase the rate of degradation of their long-lived cellular proteins approximately 2-fold. There is no difference in the rate of degradation of short-lived proteins under these conditions. Insulin, dexamethasone, and fibroblast growth factor act synergistically to inhibit protein degradation and to stimulate thymidine incorporation to about the same extent as serum. When the medium content in serum or fibroblast growth factor is varied over a wide range, there is a close, inverse correlation between the rate of protein degradation and the extent of thymidine incorporation. When serum is added to cells that have been deprived of serum, the inhibition of protein degradation is immediate whereas the enhanced rate of protein degradation in serum-free medium is attained within 1 hr after serum removal. A 30-min exposure to serum followed by incubation in serum-free medium was as effective as continuous exposure to serum in stimulating thymidine incorporation after 8-24 hr.


Nascent prehormones are intermediates in the biosynthesis of authentic bovine pituitary growth hormone and prolactin. Major translation products of bovine pituitary RNA in a wheat germ cell-free system were identified as larger forms (prehormones) of growth hormone and prolactin containing amino-terminal extensions of 26 or 27 and 30 amino acid residues, respectively. However, translation of bovine pituitary RNA in the wheat germ cell-free system in the presence of microsomal membranes prepared from canine pancreas or bovine pituitary yielded products that were of the same size as authentic growth hormone and prolactin; by partial amino-terminal sequence analysis they were shown to contain the correct unique amino-terminal sequence of prolactin and the two correct amino termini of authentic growth hormone; moreover, they were found to be segregated within the microsomal vesicles in that they were largely inaccessible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. When microsomal membranes were present after rather than during translation, prehormones were neither cleaved nor segregated. These results strongly suggest that the synthesis and segregation of the authentic hormone observed in the presence of membranes proceeds via a nascent prehormone rather than a completed prehormone.


Hormone-inducible casein messenger RNA in a serum-free organ culture of whole mammary gland. The whole second thoracic mammary gland of estradiol-17beta + progesterone primed 3- to 4-week-old BALB/c female mice was induced to pregnancy-like lobulo-alveolar morphogenesis after 6-day cultivation in a serum-free culture medium containing a "growth promoting" hormone mixture, insulin + prolactin + growth hormone (somatotropin) + estradiol + progesterone. No radioimmunologically detectable casein was present in these glands. Subsequent cultivation for another 6 days in a "lactogenic" medium with the hormones insulin + prolactin + cortisol produced abundant milk-like secretory material in the alveolar lumen. RNA of the mammary gland after estradiol + progesterone priming or cultivation in the "growth-promoting" medium failed to show a measurable amount of casein mRNA activity when assayed in a cell-free protein synthesis system derived from Ehrlich ascites ribosomes, rabbit reticulocyte factors, and tRNA. However, the glands sequentially cultivated in the "growth-promoting" and the "lactogenic" media showed a high level of casein mRNA activity in the heterologous cell-free protein synthesis system. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic characteristics of the immunoprecipitable (by antibody to mouse milk casein) polypeptides directed by the mammary RNA induced in organ culture medium containing the lactogenic hormones were similar to the characteristics of the polypeptides directed by mammary polysomes of lactating mice. These results demonstrate hormonal induction of a specific mRNA in a sequential two-step culture of an entire organ in a serum-free chemically defined medium.


Isolation of bindin: the protein responsible for adhesion of sperm to sea urchin eggs. The insoluble granular material of the acrosome vesicle of sea urchin sperm has been isolated and shown to be a single 30,500 dalton protein for which the name "bindin" is proposed. The data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that bindin is the adhesive responsible for the attachment of sperm to the vitelline layer of the egg. Experimental results suggest that bindin may act by binding to carbohydrate receptors of vitelline layer glycoproteins. The speculation is made that sperm bindins may be the general mechanism by which animal sperm attach to eggs.


Gene activation in somatic nuclei after injection into amphibian oocytes. Genes that are unexpressed in somatic cells have been activated by injecting cultured cell nuclei of the frog Xenopus laevis into oocytes of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii. The genes that were activated are normally expressed in oocytes but not in cultured cells. Conversely, genes that are normally expressed in cultured cells but not in oocytes became inactive when cultured cell nuclei were injected into oocytes. These changes in gene activity were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins synthesized by oocytes injected with nuclei. Controls, which included the use of alpha-amanitin, showed that these changes in protein synthesis are dependent on gene transcription. We conclude that genes that become inactive during cell differentiation can be reactivated, in the absence of cell division, by normal components of oocyte cytoplasm.


Heteroploid conversion of human skin cells by methylcholanthrene. Cultured epithelial cells from human skin generally had 3- to 30-fold more hydrocarbon-metabolizing activity than fibroblasts from skin of the same donor. This activity was constant for up to 55 days in primary culture but was lost rapidly upon physical subdivision of the cultures. Treatment of primary mixed fibroblasts and epithelial cell cultures with methylcholanthrene, but not phenanthrene, led to development of actively growing fibroblastic cultures with many heteroploid cells. Unique marker chromosomes, stable over a number of cell population doublings, were identified in several of the heteroploid cell strains. Pure cultures of fibroblasts from the same donors did not undergo heteroploid conversion in response to methylcholanthrene. Spontaneously occurring heteroploidy in logarithmic phase human fibroblasts is a rare event; thus, heteroploid conversion may be a useful marker for chemical transformation of human cells. Because methylcholanthrene seems to have little transforming effect on human skin fibroblasts, human skin epithelial cells, because of their hydrocarbon-metabolizing activity, may serve to convert methylcholanthrene from a distal to an ultimate carcinogenic form.


Globin RNA synthesis in vitro by isolated erythroleukemic cell nuclei: direct evidence for increased transcription during erythroid differentiation. Murine erythroleukemic cells accumulate cytoplasmic globin mRNA during differentiation induced in tissue culture by dimethyl sulfoxide. Cellular accumulation of globin RNA may reflect transcriptional activation of the globin genes and/or posttranscriptional stabilization of globin RNA during differentiation. To evaluate possible transcriptional controls directly; globin RNA synthesis by isolated erythroleukemic cell nuclei was studied. Conditions were established for optimal nuclear RNA synthesis in vitro in the presence of a mercurinucleotide (Hg-CTP). Mercurated RNA synthesized in vitro was purified free of endogenous RNA by affinity chromatography on sulfhydryl-Sepharose, and analyzed for the presence of newly synthesized globin RNA sequences by molecular hybridization to globin complementary [32P]DNA. The results demonstrate markedly increased synthesis of globin RNA by nuclei isolated from dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells, even within 5 min of nuclear transcription in vitro. These findings are most consistent with transcriptional activation of the globin genes upon induction of differentiation.


Binding of 25-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol to different cytoplasmic proteins. Studies were carried out to determine whether or not oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (e.g., 25-hydroxycholesterol) that specifically suppress the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase [mevalonate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating), EC 1.1.1.34], bind to a soluble component of the cytoplasm different from that which binds the nonsuppressor, cholesterol. Density gradient fractionation of the cytosolic fraction isolated from L cell cultures that had been incubated with low concentrations of 25-hydroxy[26,27-(3)H]cholesterol or [1,2-(3)H]cholesterol provided evidence for the existence of at least two different sterol-binding proteins. Bound cholesterol sedimented in a sucrose density gradient as two or more broad bands with coefficients of approximately 9 S and 21 S. Two relatively narrow bands of bound 25-hydroxycholesterol had sedimentation coefficients of 5 S and 8 S. Preincubation of the cells with a relatively high concentration of unlabeled 25-hydroxycholesterol altered the banding pattern of the 25-hydroxy[(3)H]cholesterol taken up during a subsequent incubation period by decreasing the size of the major (8S) band. Under these conditions, cholesterol did not affect the banding pattern of 25-hydroxy[(3)H]cholesterol. The density gradient banding pattern of bound [(3)H]cholesterol was only slightly affected by preincubating the cells with unlabeled cholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol. Both sterols appeared to be bound to proteins because the bound sterols were eliminated from cytosol that had been heated at 100 degrees , and their sedimentation coefficients were altered by proteolysis.


Maintenance of genetic variability under mutation and selection pressures in a finite population. Formulas are developed for the distribution of allele frequencies and the mean and variance of heterozygosity under mutation and selection pressures. In large populations, even slight selection drastically changes the shape of the distribution of allele frequencies and reduces heterozygosity. On the other hand, the number of rare alleles in a sample is much less affected by selection. Under genic selection, heterozygosity may decrease with increasing population size. As a test statistic, the variance of heterozygosity can be used to detect the presence of selection, though it is not efficient when selection is very slight.


Bacteriophage phiX174: gene A overlaps gene B. The map position of several phiX174 mutations in the genes A and B was determined by marker rescue with DNA fragments produced by the restriction enzymes Hha I, HindII, Hae III, and Alu I. All the gene B mutants were found to be located within gene A. Genetic complementation and analysis of phage-specific protein synthesis show that, under restrictive conditions, nonsense mutants in gene A do not block the synthesis and activity of the B protein and nonsense mutants in gene B do not affect the gene A function. The map position of the COOH-terminal end of gene A was determined using an amber mutant that synthesizes slightly shortened A and A proteins. It is concluded from these experiments that gene A overlaps gene B completely (or almost completely) and that the overlap region can be translated in two ways with different reading frames: one frame for the synthesis of the A and A proteins and another for the synthesis of the B protein.


Decay of genetic variability in geographically structured populations. The ultimate rate and pattern of approach to equilibrium of a diploid, monoecious population subdivided into a finite number of equal, large, panmictic colonies are calculated. The analysis is restricted to a single locus in the absence of selection, and every mutant is assumed to be new to the population. It is supposed that either the time-independent backward migration pattern is symmetric in the sense that the probability that an individual at position x migrated from y equals the probability that one at y migrated from x, or it depends only on displacements and not on initial and final positions. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping. Asymptotically, the rate of convergence is approximately (I-u)2t[I-(2NT)-1]t, where u, NT, and t denote the mutation rate, total population size, and time in generations, respectively; the transient part of the probability that two homologous genes are the same allele is approximately independent of their spatial separation. Thus, in this respect the population behaves as if it were panmictic.


On the location of palindromes in immunoglobulin genes. We present a statistical method for detection of palindromes in mRNA or DNA, starting from the protein sequence. Analysis of immunoglobulin genes by this method demonstrates that palindromic sequences are not randomly distributed. They are located at each side of the hypervariable regions in the variable (V) genes, whereas no such regular design is observed in the constant (C) genes. In addition, palindromic sequences overlap the V-C junction in all immunoglobulin classes and significant palindromes are present near residue 216 of the heavy chain, which is the end of deletions in many heavy chain diseases. The relevance of these palindromes to gene translocation and generation of diversity in antibodies is discussed.


Conversion of incomplete antibodies to direct agglutinins by mild reduction: evidence for segmental flexibility within the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G. Reduction of interchain disulfide bonds converted some IgG incomplete antibodies to direct hemagglutinins. This conversion occurred whether antibody was free in solution or bound to the red-cell surface. Reduced antibody permitted to reoxidize in air no longer behaved as a direct agglutinin; reversion to an incomplete antibody did not occur when reoxidation was prevented by S-alkylation. These results suggest that mild reduction of the antibody imparts sufficient freedom to permit bridging between cells and are interpreted as evidence that the interheavy-chain disulfide bonds restrict segmental flexibility within the Fc fragment of IgG.


Kinetics of cell death and disintegration in human lymphocyte cultures. In order to quantitate lymphocyte proliferative responses, we explored the role of cell death in the kinetics of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures. Unless the disintegration time (tDIS) of nonviable lymphocytes in culture is known, the rate of cell death cannot be calculated. To obtain tDIS, we determined the time interval between total and viable cell population decay after various killing events. Two subpopulations of lymphocytes were observed, the major (80%) with a mean (+/-SEM) tDIS of 16+/-2 hr and the minor (20%) with a tDIS of 45+/-7 hr. Kinetic balance sheets were constructed predicting total culture DNA content (cells plus medium), as calculated both from proliferation rates and from observed death and disintegration rates. In an experiment characterized by extensive cell death, the two tallies were well-matched when the above data were utilized. The large discrepancy between predicted and observed DNA contents of the medium indicates that the DNA of disintegrated lymphocytes is extensively degraded. We conclude that cell death explains proliferation deficits in stimulated lymphocyte cultures. Our approach to quantitation of cell death may have general applicability to kinetic studies of cultured cells.


Ligands and oxidants in ferrihemochrome formation and oxidative hemolysis. We have investigated the effect of size of a single neutral ring substituent on the induction of hemolytic anemia and the formation of a ferrihemochrome by substituted phenylhydrazines. The severity of induced anemia decreased with increase in size of a halogen atom or an alkyl group ortho to the hydrazino group, little anemia resulting from 2-iodophenylhydrazine and no anemia from 2-tert-butylphenylhydrazine. The size of a halogen atom or an alkyl group at the meta or para position had relatively little effect on the severity of induced anemia. The ability of an arylhydrazine to induce hemolytic anemia paralleled its ability to produce a ferrihemochrome with an exogenous ligand, probably the corresponding aryldiazene. In general, rapid and complete formation of ferrihemochrome occurred with arylhydrazines that induced severe anemia. The degree of hemolysis induced by an arylhydrazine was not related to its rate of autooxidation, i.e., the rate at which oxidants are formed by the reduction of oxygen. We propose a mechanism of arylhydrazine-induced oxidative denaturation based on the simultaneous formation of hydroxyl radical and aryldiazene ferrihemochrome in a reaction of oxyhemoglobin with arylhydrazine. We suggest that after oxidation of the porphyrin ring is initiated by a hydroxyl radical, oxidative cleavage of the ring is facilitated by the presence of a large ligand in the heme crevice. Thus, aryldiazene ferrihemochrome may contribute to instability in a hemoglobin molecule, whereas globin ferrihemochrome results from instability.


Sex differences in response to hepatitis B infection among patients receiving chronic dialysis treatment. Patients undergoing treatment at a community-based renal dialysis clinic were monitored monthly for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Of 160 patients who began treatment HBsAg(-)/anti-HBs(-), 77 subsequently became HBsAg(+). Once HBsAg(+), males were more likely to remain HBsAg(+) indefinitely, whereas females were more likely to convert to HBsAg(-) and develop anti-HBs. This was not due to a sex difference in exposure to hepatitis B virus because only patients who became infected while undergoing treatment were included in the analysis. These data are clear evidence of a sex difference in response to hepatitis B virus, which may partially explain the greater incidence of several chronic liver diseases, including primary hepatocellular carcinoma, in males.


Neuronal actions of endorphins and enkephalins among brain regions: a comparative microiontophoretic study. The brain peptides alpha- and beta-endorphin, leucine- and methionine-enkephalin, as well as the opiate normorphine, have been evaluated by microiontophoresis for their effects on neuronal activity in several regions of the rat brain. In cerebral cortex, brainstem, caudate nucleus, and thalamus, most responsive cells were inhibited by the peptides and by normorphine, while in hippocampus all responsive cells were excited. Both inhibitory and excitatory responses were blocked by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. Occurrence of responsive cells encountered in a particular region was loosely correlated with density of stereospecific opiate binding sites as reported by others. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the endorphins and enkephalins may represent a new class of central neurotransmitters; among other functions, these peptides may play a role in the regulation of behavior and the expression of psychopharmacological agents such as the opiate alkaloids.


Adsorption inhibition as a mechanism of freezing resistance in polar fishes. Polar fishes are known to have serum proteins and glycoproteins that protect them from freezing, by a noncolligative process. Measurements of antifreeze concentrations in ice and scanning electron micrographs of freeze-dried antifreeze solutions indicate that the antifreezes are incorporated in ice during freezing. The antifreezes also have a pronounced effect on the crystal habit of ice grown in their presence. Each of four antifreezes investigated caused ice to grow in long needles whose axes were parallel to the ice c axis. Together these results indicate the antifreezes adsorb to ice surfaces and inhibit their growth. A model in which adsorbed antifreezes raise the curvature of growth steps on the ice surface is proposed to account for the observed depression of the temperature at which freezing occurs and agrees well with experimental observations. The model is similar to one previously proposed for other cases of crystal growth inhibition.


Radionuclide bone scanning in diseases of the spine. Radionuclide bone scans provide a sensitive, no-risk diagnostic technique for the detection and evaluation of a wide variety of diseases of the spine. Scans and radiographs provide complementary diagnostic information, and should both be considered in the medical imaging portion of the diagnostic plan.


Emphasis placed on winning in athletics by male high school students.


Psycho-physical effects of varied rest intervals following warm-up.


Effects of various stimuli on activity level and learning by high-and low-active retarded children.


Determinants of distance running performance in children: analysis of a path model.


Effect of practice order on the efficiency of bilateral skill acquisition.


Effects of sports fitness camp experience on locus of control orientation in children, ages 6 to 14.


Differential sex role socialization toward amplitude appropriation.


Substitution of fingertip blood for venous blood in the measurement of hematocrit and hemoglobin following exercise.


Body composition changes resulting from fluid ingestion and dehydration.


Role of socializing agents in female sport involvement.


Effect of guided practice on overhand-throw ball velocities of kindergarten children.


Optimal test characteristics for maximal anaerobic work on the bicycle ergometer.


Effect of warm-up and recovery techniques on repeated running endurance.


Comparison of seriation and multidimensional scaling: two techniques for validating constructs in physical education.


Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering: procedures for the investigation of the perception of sports.


Decision-making in elementary age children: effects on motor skills and self-concept.


Some statistics regarding the reliability and validity of student rating of teachers.


Effect of environment and order of testing on performance of a motor task.


Relationships between parents' child-rearing attitudes and the jumping and throwing performance of their preschool children.


Effect of high resistance and low resistance bicyle ergometer training in college women on cardiorespiratory function and body composition.


Investigation of two pitching conditions as determinants for developing fundamental skills of baseball.


A system for the behavioral assessment of athletic coaches.


Determinants of cardiorespiratory endurance in college women.


Comparative effectiveness of two methods of teaching physical education to elementary school girls.


Effect of divided attention on children's rhythmic response.


Physiological responses to cola ingestion.


Physical education teacher role identification instrument.


An adapted model of the sport participation choice process.


Circuitry for an electronic coincidence-anticipation device.


Knowledge obsolescence in physical educators.


Psychological scaling of AIAW code-of-ethics for officials and spectators.


Dynamic visual acuity of varsity women volleyball and basketball players.


Inexpensive timing method for cinematography.


Survey of contraceptive services available to college students. Questionnaire were sent to 187 directors of college student health services;  71% returned usable replies.  3 sources of contraceptive services were identified:  local family planning agencies, the student health service, and private physicians.  It was found students had easy access to information, the pill, the IUD, over-the-counter methods, diaphragms, and referral services.  Sterilizations were difficult to obtain and generally not available through a student health center.  Every questionnaire noted that at least some contraceptive services were available, if not through the student health service, then through the family planning agency or a physician.


Tie point strategy in badminton and international squash.


Physical fitness norms for college freshmen.


A jocular poem on syphilis: seventeenth century Italian poem warns of the dangers of the French disease.


Gingivomegaly.

Gingivomegaly.


Rising health care costs: another perspective.


The alkaloids of fungi. IX. Some characteristics of the alkaloid synthesizing enzymes of Sclerotium delphinii.


Protective immunization of breeding rabbits against the respiratory complex and its complications.


3. Hemophilia home treatment in West Germany.


4. Hemophilia home treatment in Luxembourg.


5. Present hemophilia home therapy in the United Kingdom.


6. Hemophilia home treatment in Italy.

6. Hemophilia home treatment in Italy.


7. Hemophilia home treatment in Belgium.


8. The home therapy program at the New England area hemophilia center.


1. Home treatment of hemophiliacs in France.


2. Home treatment of hemophilias in Sweden.


10. Recommendations on home treatment of hemophilias.


Cytochemical demonstration of dihydrofolate reductase in leukaemia and other haematological diseases. The dihydrofolate reductase activity has been studied cytochemically in various haematological diseases. The variation between normal controls, Hodgkin's disease, myeloma, polycythaemia vera, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukamia was not significant, comparing the same type of cells. In acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia the blast cells were weakly positive or negative. This finding is very interesting as the blast cells are capable of division. Probably the dihydrofolate reductase appears in the blast cells in some stage of mitosis. Lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin showed increased enzyme activity compared with normal non-stimulated lymphocytes. The "blast like" cells were more strongly positive than the blast cells of leukaemic patients. The patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia treated with methotrexate showed increased dihydrofolate reductase activity cytochemically.


Phi bodies: peroxidatic particles that produce crystalloidal cellular inclusions. Unique, spindle-shaped particles (phi bodies) and rods with peroxidatic activity are found in certain epithelial cells of normal mice, clofibrate-fed rats, and in leukemic leukocytes. The ellipsoidal shape of phi bodies apparently results from the deformation of spherical granules by extrusion of axial crystalloid that subsequently fragments into rods.


Loa-loa microfilaremia in the Nigerian population. In about half of 1026 Nigerians infected with Loa loa, the microfilaria levels were low, less than 8% had more than 1000 microfilariae in 50 cumm blood. The length range of 445 microfilariae obtained from 39 infected people was 156.8 to 308.7 micron with a mean of 236.4 micron, or microgram; smaller than in the Kumba strain of Cameroon. The persistence of a rather high number of microfilariae in the peripheral blood of four patients till 22 hours was discussed in relation to the importance of Mansonia africana mosquitoes as a vector of Loa loa.


Malignant melanoma: prognostic factors and therapeutic results.


Hemorrhagic diathesis and surgery.

Hemorrhagic diathesis and surgery.


Subcutaneous mastectomy with immediate replacement by a silastic implant.


Chondrosarcoma.

Chondrosarcoma.


Villous papilloma of the colon and rectum.


Aspergillosis of the human female genital tract demonstrated by endometrial jet washings and Pap smear.


Gastric cancer producing retrograde lymphatic drainage with positive cervical smear.


Hard liquor for preservative of sputum.

Hard liquor for preservative of sputum.


Condylomatous lesions of the cervix. II. Cytologic, colposcopic and histopathologic study.


Epithelial repair and regeneration in the uterine cervix. I. An analysis of the cells. Cell studies from 1,376 patients with abnormal cells derived from so-called tissue repair or regeneration comprised the basis for this study. Planimetric measurements were performed on camera lucida tractings of 1,573 atypical reparative cells (ARC). A total of 3,377 ARC were anlyzed with respect to cytoplasmic and nuclear features. On the basis of these analyses, ARC were subclassified into three types. In most instances, the morphologic type corresponded with the cervical epithelium of origin. The differential morphologic features of ARC were compared with the morphologic features of endocervidal adenocarcinoma and large cell nonkeratininzing squamous cell carcinoma. The biologic potential and clinical significance of ARC is to be the subject of a subsequent report.


Sputum cytology in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sputum cytology in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis has been investigated. All cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis with roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and scarring have revealed diagnostically significant cytologic features in their pulmonary material. These include multinucleated epitheloid giant cells, epithelioid cells and lymphoid mononuclear cells in an otherwise noninflammatory, clean specimen. The characteristic cells occur in streaks, either singly or as syncytium. They are dark, cyanophilic with little phagocytic activity. Schaumann and asteroid bodies may be present. Cytologic examination of induced sputum specimens in asymptomatic patients of suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis with interstitial involvement can help in diagnosis and management of these cases.


Direct-vision endoscopic cytology and biopsy in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric tumors: current experience. In a series of 183 patients with proven cancers of the esophagus and stomach, endoscopic cytology was positive in 155 or 84.7 per cent. Endoscopic biopsy in 173 of these patients was positive in 137 or 79 per cent. At least one of the techiques was positive in 164 patients or 94.8 per cent. These results emphasize the overall accuracy of endoscopic cytology and biopsy and their complementary value in detection of malignancy. Meticulous care in technique is stressed for achievement of such accuracy rates.


On the interpretation of atypical cells in pleural and peritoneal effusion. A histochemical method demonstrating the cellular amount of non-specific esterase is applied in the cytologic examination of pleural and peritoneal effusions concerning the recognition of malignant cells. Because of the presence of both false positive and false negative results it is concluded that the method is not conclusive of the benign or the malignant nature of the atypical cells found, but the method may be of value in certain cases.


Cerebrospinal fluid cytomorphology identification of benign cells originating in the central nervous system. The chief cellular consituents of CSF are the "free cells" of the pia-arachnoid, ependyma, and choroid. These cells are of diverse types, but have their mesenchymal origin in common. Usually they offer no difficulty in identification since they are predominantly histiocytic. However, these "free cells" may be morphologically changed in reaction to an appropriate stimulus, and may therefore be a source of error in diagnostic material. Cells having mesothelial characteristics are not found in the CSF compartment and therefore the term pia-arachnoid mesothelial cells appears inappropriate. The only neuroectodermal derivative that was easily identifiable was the choroidal cell. It is distinctive and unequivocal. We were unable to recognize ependymal cells in our present study. Glial cells (protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes) and neurons can be recognized when neural tissue is penetrated in the process of collecting CSF.


Prostatic duct carcinoma: exfoliative cytology. The cytologic findings in voided urine specimens from prostatic duct carcinoma are presented. Neoplastic cells from these unusual tumors were identified as well as the occasional red blood cell and histiocyte. The adenocarcinoma cells features irregular nuclei and their cytoplasm was occupied almost entirely by large secretory vacuoles. The differential diagnosis of this tumor from some other neoplasms and its association with transitional cell carcinoma as well as its histogenesis are discussed.


Cytology at the end of pregnancy: significance of determinations of the eosinophilic and karyopyknotic indices. The clinical usefulness of the cytologic findings "pre-term," "at term" and "post-term" are discussed briefly. For this investigation, the eosinophilic and pyknotic indices were obtained by counting one hundred cells in each of four microscopic fields. A separation function was calculated using the eosinophilic and pyknotic indices. The results of our study permitted a highly significant separation of the collectives "pre-term" and "at term."


Release of mammotrophic activity by the rat placenta.


Cytologic screening for cervical cancer in southern Iran. In an 11 year study of cytologic examinations from the southern part of Iran with a 99 percent Moslem population, the prevalence rate of invasive cervical carcinomas in 35,222 women screened for the first time was 2.3 per 1,000 examinations. With the initiation of a mass screening program begun in 1974, the rates of CIS and moderate and severe dysplasia rose threefold. These findings indicate that carcinoma of the cervix is an important problem in Iran, despite previous reports of the contrary. There is, thus, a clear need for encouraging and expanding the mass screening program which has been initiated in this country.


Microhematuria found by mass screening of apparently healthy males. Preparation of urinary sediments was adapted for mass screening purposes. The procedure, characterized by most careful collection and transfer of the sediment and by a rigidly controlled work scheme, was tested in a limited population screening program with 446 healthy male participants. A capacity of 100 samples per 12 manhours was achieved. The procedure was found effective in collecting the cellular content, but there was serious cytolysis due to a 11 hours delay between micturition and processing. An unexpected finding was the presence of erythrocytes in all the samples. In 8.8 per cent of the smears more than ten RBC/hpf were present. The significance of this feature is still in study, but it might prove to be a useful prescreening criterion in the cytologic assessment of bladder cancer in large populations.


The surface coat of the human effusion cells. Cancer cells of human effusions have a prominent surface coat clearly demonstrated by ruthenium red staining. The cancer cells forming clumps are usually interconnected with each other by gap junctions which is expressed by a free penetration of the ruthenium red through the majority of the junctions. The benign cells encountered in human effusions are also covered with the surface coat, which, however, is usually thinner in comparison to the coat observed on the cancer cells.