The creation of artificial subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas in patients with malignant haematological disease. Creation of an artificial subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula was attempted in five patients with malignant haematological disorders (two with Hodgkin's disease, two with acute lymphatic leukaemia, and one with acute myeloid leukaemia). The average time from the start of treatment to attempted creation of the fistulae was four years. Neither direct arteriovenous anastomosis nor an interposition mandril graft was successful in any patient. Failure was attributed to impaired venous run-off secondary to previous episodes of thrombophlebitis induced by the intravenous administration of cytotoxic drugs. The use of an arteriovenous fistula early in the course of the disease might minimize these later problems.


Guidelines for planning clinical trials. This paper outlines the necessary steps involved in setting up and administering a clinical trial. The importance of adequate preparation, with careful definition of priorities and objectives, is emphasized. Guidelines for writing a clinical protocol are discussed in detail, as well as aids to deal with the running of the study, statistical planning, and presentation of results. The principle of different types of study, methods of patient assessment, and an overall plan of study, have already been introduced in the preceding paper.


Sequential antitumour immunoreactivity and carcinoembryonic antigen levels as a guide to prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Twenty-five patients with colorectal carcinoma were tested for blood-lymphocyte anti-tumour cytotoxicity and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels at three-monthly intervals for eighteen months or more after resection, and examined clinically every three to six months. Twelve of the patients were followed for two years and one for four years. The six patients whose tumours recurred showed positive blood lymphocyte antitumour cytotoxicity and elevated plasma CEA levels at some time from six months after operation, usually well before the recurrence was clinically detectable.


The modulation of tumour-versus-host response in lung, colon, and breast cancer patients: implications for adjuvant immunochemotherapy. Major advances in the understanding of clinical tumour biology occurred with the appreciation that tumour-associated substances circulated in the blood of cancer patients. In this study their origin and immunogenic function have been investigated. Whole tumour cells (WTC) and cancer cell membrane fractions (CMF) of 24 patients with lung, colon, and breast cancer were investigated for their antigenic effect upon the patients' own lymphocytes and upon healthy allogeneic ones. The antigenicity of whole lung and breast cancer cells to stimulate lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and the ineffectiveness of colon cells were confirmed. CMF had little stimulating effect upon autologous lymphocytes; however, they were able to augment lymphocyte response to PPD and PHA in high dilution and to suppress it in high concentration. The serum of cancer patients exerted similar biphasic activity upon PPD and PHA stimulated lymphocytes ("lymphosuppressive-stimulatory factors", or LSSF). Sephadex studies confirmed that LSSF activity in cancer serum correlated with circulating CMF. These substances modulate lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis in vitro; it is likely that they similarly modulate the patient tumour-host cell relationship.


Bypass surgery for obesity.

Bypass surgery for obesity. Failure of conservative methods of control of gross obesity has led to the adoption of surgical measures. In our experience intestinal bypass, though resulting in significant weight loss, is associated with a number of unpleasant complications. For this reason our programme now involves the use of 90% gastric bypass. The results in our first 39 patients undergoing this operation are presented, with a six-month to three-year follow up. Weight loss has been satisfactory. Although it is a more major procedure than intestinal bypass, the lack of major metabolic sequelae makes gastric bypass the more acceptable form of management.


Acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation: results of operative treatment with the Bosworth screw. The results are reported in 21 patients who had acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation treated by open reduction and Bosworth screw fixation, with an average follow-up period of ten years. Nineteen patients had a good or excellent functional result. Good cosmetic results were obtained. Full recovery of shoulder movement occurred in all patients but one, although coracoclavicular calcification was a frequent finding. Complications following this technique were few.


Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as spinal cord compression: report of a case. A report of a case of primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as spinal cord compression due to a brown tumour of the vertebra is presented. Coexisting chrondrocalcinosis illustrates one of the several radiological features seen in hyperparathyroidism.


Spinal epidural abscess in pregnancy.

Spinal epidural abscess in pregnancy. A case of spontaneous epidural abscess occuring in a pregnant woman is reported. Some delay in diagnosis occurred. Decompression resulted in prompt recovery and improvement of a mild neurological deficit.


A method of closed intramedullary nailing of the fractured tibia. This paper describes a method of closed intramedullary nailing of the tibia, which has now been used in 30 cases, and is simple, quick, and efficient. It requires one additional fitting to the standard orthopaedic table, and the instruments used for an ordinary closed intramedullary nailing of the fractured femur.


A simplified kidney preservation system: the use of hyperosmolar perfusates for continuous perfusion preservation of canine kidneys. Since the quality of renal preservation following simple ice storage is improved by the use of hyperosmolar washout solutions, hyperosmolar perfusates were evaluated for continuous perfusion preservation. Canine kidneys were preserved for 48 hours by continuous perfusion at 5 degrees C, using hyperosmolar cryoprecipitated plasma and 5% albumin perfusates of osmolalities 397 to 430 mOsm/kg H2O. Hyperosmolar plasma gave significantly better preservation than isosmolar plasma, but the results were only marginally superior to those already obtainable with isosmolar albumin solution. No further improvement in preservation by albumin perfusion was obtained with the hyperosmolar formulations. Because isosmolar albumin solution is easier to prepare than hyperosmolar cryoprecipitated plasma and gives comparable results, it remains our perfusate of choice for continuous perfusion preservation.


The dilemma of stage III breast cancer: a study of preoperative radiotherapy. The results of treatment of 68 patients with Stage III breast cancer treated by preoperative radiotherapy and subsequent mastectomy have been compared with those in 68 patients treated by more conventional methods, matched individually for age, stage, and year of treatment. Preoperative radiotherapy delayed the time of the first local recurrence, but did not improve overall survival. It is concluded that preoperative radiotherapy may be justified in patients with Stage III breast cancer in an attempt to control local disease, but is unlikely to improve control of systemic recurrence.


Chemotherapy for solid tumours in adults.


Immunotherapy of solid tumours.

Immunotherapy of solid tumours.


Family reactions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in remission.


Ovulation induction with bromocriptine (CB154) in patients with hyperprolactinaemia.


The results of tuboplasty with fimbrial conservation and intra-abdominal hydrotubation.


Evalution of mechanical ventilators in a hyperbaric environment. Four mechanical ventilators, the pneumatic Emerson, IMV bird, Urgency bird, and the Modified Mark 2 bird were tested in a hyperbaric chamber at depths up to 165 ft of sea water (FSW). All failed except the Emerson, which is the only machine recommended for chamber use at this time.


Time for change?

Time for change?


Viral hepatitis.

Viral hepatitis.


A year of useful work.

A year of useful work.


A simple system for administering intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with the Oxford ventilator. A circuit has been devised enabling intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) to be delivered from an Oxford ventilator. Two methods for delivering oxygen to the system are described. The circuit is constructed from inexpensive components and only one oxygen flowmeter is required. No modifications to the ventilator are necessary.


8/21 translocation, loss of the Y chromosome and Philadelphia chromosome.


Dental plaque and its control.

Dental plaque and its control.


Acute myeloid leukaemia with monosomy-7 follows acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.


Acquired haemoglobin H disease in leukemia: pathophysiology and molecular basis.


Untrained DSAs.

Untrained DSAs.


An electromyographic investigation of the perioral musculature in Class II division 1 malocclusion.


Preventive dentistry.

Preventive dentistry.


Centre of rotation of a maxillary central incisor under orthodontic loading.


A cephalometric appraisal of a group of children with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate.


An investigation using holographic interferometry, of surface strain in bone induced by orthodontic forces: a preliminary report.


A mobile orthodontic laboratory.

A mobile orthodontic laboratory.


An evaluation of different methods of canine retraction.


What makes us grow.

What makes us grow.


Bilateral congenital fistulae of the lower lip.


Growth of the maxilla in three dimensions as revealed radiographically by the implant method.


The calculation of pressure in the tissues resulting from torsional forces.


The universal appliance: a segmental approach.


The flexibility of 'box-loop', 'cross loop' and 'vertical loop' systems in the vertical plane.


Problems of accuracy and reliability in cephalometric studies with implants in infants with cleft lip and palate.


An introduction to the Kingston approach to edgewise treatment.


Instanding upper lateral incisor in the adult: a new method for its management.


A lower fixed lingual tongue crib and lip toning exercises: report of an unusual case.


An unusual transposition.

An unusual transposition.


Chronologic sequence in appearance of clinical and laboratory findings characteristic of chronic myelocytic leukemia.


Membrane marker and cell separation studies in Ph1-positive leukemia.


Congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) terminating in acute myelogenous leukemia. A 31-yr-old female with congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) whose long course terminated in acute myelogenous leukemia is described. In contrast to Fanconi anemia, malignant transformation rarely occurs in congenital hypoplastic anemia. This patient's diagnosis of congenital hypoplastic anemia is supported by her clinical course, absence of renal abnormalities, a negative family history for hematologic disorders, normal chromosome studies, failure of her skin fibroblasts to transform in culture with SV-40 virus, macrocytic erythrocyte indices, erythrocyte enzyme studies, and bone marrow findings. Only two other cases of malignancy have been reported in patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia. The development of malignancy in these patients suggests that malignant transformation may be a concern in the long-term progression of congenital hypoplastic anemia.


Occlusion and periodontal disease. 1.

Occlusion and periodontal disease. 1.


If they listened, they did not hear.

If they listened, they did not hear.


Financing a dental education.

Financing a dental education.


"The eternal triangle" or--"how to live with a third party".


12 tips for prescribers of controlled drugs.


Danger lurks in the medicine bottle.

Danger lurks in the medicine bottle.


Nuva-fil: a technique for cleft palate appliances.


Price of survival in childhood leukaemia.


Leukostasis associated with blood transfusion in acute myeloid leukaemia. Three patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia and blast cell counts greater than 100 X 10(9)/1 (100 000/mm3) died unexpectedly soon after blood transfusion. In two cases postmortem examination disclosed cerebral leukostasis. Analysis of the records from the MRC's fourth and fifth acute myeloid leukaemia trials showed that in the first week after diagnosis mortality was five times greater in patients with blast counts above 100 X 10(9)/1 than in patients with lower counts. Age and platelet count did not explain this excess. The mean haemoglobin concentration in the patients with high blast counts who died within the first week was 10.5 +/- 2.8 g/dl, which was significantly higher than that in the surviving group (7.6 +/- 2.4 g/dl). Only half the patients received chemotherapy within two days of diagnosis. Leukostasis is an important cause of early death in patients with high blast counts, and the increase in viscosity produced by transfusing to a haemoglobin concentration above 10 g/dl may lead to sudden deterioration. Transfusion to such concentrations should be avoided until the blast count has been reduced by early chemotherapy.


Effects of hypothalamic lesions on the food intake of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Goldfish were trained to perform an operant in response in order to obtain food, thereby allowing the food intake to be accurately determined. The normal daily food intake was established for each fish before it was given a sham operation or bilateral hypothalamic lesions. It was then observed over a period of up to 60 days. Lesions of the lateral areas of the hypothalamus were found to cause cessations of operant feeding of up to 60 days duration, and cessations of feeding on manually presented food of up to 35 days. Lesions of the anterior-medial areas were followed by cessationsof operant feeding of up to 26 days. The post-lesioning food intake of fish lesioned in the posterior-medial area was similar to that of the control fish. No increases in operant feeding were observed after lesioning. The results are considered to be consistent with a genuine aphagia induced by lesions of the lateral hypothalamus.


Modification of "C" synapses following partial central deafferentation of thoracic motoneurones.


Endodontic access related morphology. The maxillary first molar.


Oligondontia: case report.

Oligondontia: case report.


Atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia with Philadelphia (Ph') chromosome and an additional translocation. A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which the disease pursued an atypical course is described. The presence of a previously unreported translocation t(1;20), in addition to a Ph' chromosome t(9;22), is demonstrated, and its possible significance and relationship to the disease are discussed.


Echocardiography in adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Twenty-six patients receiving adriamycin for osteogenic sarcoma had serial echocardiographic assessments of their left ventricular function. A statistically significant deterioration of function was noted throughout the course. Ventricular function tended to normalize in the period following cessation of adriamycin. The velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (Vcf) and ejection fraction (EF) were the best parameters. Sudden declines in these values resulted in us withholding therapy until the parameters again improved. Fatal congestive heart failure was seen in only one patient. Echocardiography thus provides the clinician with a valuable tool enabling one to improve the therapeutic usefulness of adriamycin by removing much of the uncertainty over the development of cardiotoxicity.


Simultaneous presentation of acute myelomonocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. A patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma occurring simultaneously prior to initiation of chemotherapy is described. Possible mechanisms for this occurrence are discussed.


Transepiphyseal extension of osteosarcoma: incidence, mechanism, and implications. Forty-five cases of osteosarcoma were studied for transepiphyseal spread of the lesion because of the current interest in local resection and chemotherapy as treatment of this disease. In 17 cases, the epiphyseal plate had closed and all 17 had transepiphyseal extension of the tumor. In 28 cases, the epiphyseal plate was open; 21 showed growth or microscopic evidence of transepiphyseal extension of the lesion. The most common method of extension was directly through the epiphyseal plate along vascular channels, or less commonly, about the epiphyseal plate beneath the perichondrium and into the epiphysis along the epiphyeal vascular channels. The majority of these extensions were not detectable by either conventional radiography or radioisotope scanning. Local resection with preservation of the epiphysis will, in all likelihood, leave residual disease despite the oft-quoted statement that an open epiphyseal plate is a biologic barrier to the extension of bone tumors.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with poor prognostic features. Three children with ALL having poor prognostic features developed clinical and laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Two developed a bleeding diathesis associated temporally with a rapid drop in blast cell counts during induction therapy with L-asparaginase, prednisone, and vincristine. One of these children died of massive cerebral hemorrhage. The third patient developed episodes of superficial thrombophlebitis associated with relapses and rising blast cell counts which responded to chemotherapy and treatment with heparin. The unusual association of ALL with DIC and the fact that all 3 patients had multiple poor prognostic signs have led us to monitor carefully the coagulation system and withhold L-asparaginase in patients with massive disease until the white cell count and organomegaly have responded to prednisone and vincristine. The more common association of DIC with non-lymphocytic leukemia and recent reports of the presence of the Ph' chromosome in children with leukemia morphologically resembling ALL suggest that chromosomal evaluation be done in selected leukemic patients.


Proceedings of the Osteosarcoma Study Group Meeting (Bethesda, Maryland, January 19, 1977): introduction: treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.


Synthesis of murine leukemia virus proteins differentiating Friend erythroleukemia cells.


Osteosarcoma of bone and a consideration of prognostic variables.


Clinical prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. Clinical characteristics thought to be of prognostic importance for patients with osteosarcoma are reviewed. The importance of considering prognostic factors in the evaluation of new therapies when no concurrent control group is available is emphasized.


Surgical treatment of osteogenic sarcoma at the Mayo clinic. Osteogenic sarcoma continues to present a tremendous therapeutic challenge. Until recently, treatment has continued at a relatively unsophisticated level. Although amputation, usually at a cross-bone level with a safe margin above the lesion, continues to be the treatment of choice, increased interest is being demonstrated in radical en bloc limb-saving resections. Modern joint implants are proving effective in restoring the osseous integrity and joint function after the resection.


Chemotherapy for metastic osteosarcoma--studies by the M.D. Anderson Hospital and the Southwest Oncology Group.


Multidrug adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: interim report of the Southwest Oncology Group Studies.


Five years of adjuvant treatment of osteosarcoma: more questions than answers.


Chicago Health Department conduct pilot project: short-term denture venture benefits 500 senior citizens.


U of I program shows students rural dentistry.


Do you know what you inject?

Do you know what you inject?


Diversifies dentists.

Diversifies dentists.


Advanced periodontal disease in young adults.


Francis Pelka Xcerpts.

Francis Pelka Xcerpts.


Vitreous carbon--where are we now?

Vitreous carbon--where are we now?


A California dentist looks at hometown Chicago.


Dentistry girds its loins.

Dentistry girds its loins.


Long term planning objectives. Illinois State Dental Society Committee on illegal dentistry.


Little City: the dental team takes on a tough assignment.


Endodontic considerations in an emergency appointment following injury to the dentition.


Vacation dentistry.

Vacation dentistry.


Public aid turns off dental schools.

Public aid turns off dental schools.


Hieroglyphics of occlusal anatomy translated.


Dental rule bites public.

Dental rule bites public.


Training the dental technician. The art of carving a tooth.


Forensic odontology: dental 'detective' identifies murder victim.


Chromosomes in leukemia. General report on the First International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia.


Apicoectomy.

Apicoectomy.


TMJ pain disfunction syndrome: quick diagnosis.


Nutrition and clinical nutrition.

Nutrition and clinical nutrition.


A method of maintaining sterility of heated humidifiers in mechanical ventilator breathing circuits. Using the standard MA-1 breathing circuit, the Cascade Heated Humidifier and tubing become rapidly contaminated with patient organisms. The rapidity with which this occurs seems to depend on the quantity and quality of patient secretions and dumping infected water from lazy loops into the Humidifier. Following modifications to the ventilator circuit which included: (1) closed system humidifier filling, (2) the addition of a small copper trap and drainage system to the inspired side of the breathing circuit, and (3) alteration of the heater, no contamination of the humidifier contents occurred for periods as long as 28 days. This trap was manufactured in our hospital using standard plumbing fixtures; a commercial model is available. This system is applicable to any volume ventilator using a heated reservoir humidifier.


A simple method to increase the FDO2 of resuscitator bags. Four resuscitator bags were studied to see if the delivered fractional oxygen percentage (FDO2) could be affected by manually controlling the inherent reexpansion rate of the bag so as to allow a greater entrainment of oxygen rather than air into the bag. Flow rates of oxygen into the bag were varied: 5, 10, 15, and 20 liter/min. For each flow rate, bag refill (reexpansion) times were varied: 1, 2, 4 sec. The results show that such a maneuver will effectively increase the FDO2 of the bags at all flow rates tested--in certain instances to values greater than 0.8. This maneuver would be important to resuscitation situations where it is desirable to achieve better patient oxygenation.


Individualizing dental hygiene instruction.


Dental auxiliaries and the seizure patient.


A new initiative for the dental hygiene profession.


Incorporation of ACORDE instruction materials into a dental hygiene program.


A model for teaching the international aspects of social concepts in dental health care.


Review of aplastic anaemia and report of a rare case (Fanconi type).


A portable, low cost ventilation system for transportation of patients with severe acute respiratory failure. As part of the development of a life support stretcher for transportation of critically ill patients, a portable ventilation system was developed. This system was used successfully during transportation of 6 of 11 patients who required ventilatory assistance and who were being considered for extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support. Immediately after transportation, PaCO2 values were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in patients ventilated with this system, when compared to PaCO2 values of the remaining 5 patients in whom ventilation was assisted with a 2-liter anesthesia bag (PaCO2 = 58.7 +/- 3.6). This system offers significant advantages over other presently manufactured systems, including low cost, portability, and efficiency in terms of oxygen utilization. (Manual ventilation is supplied so that no auxiliary electrical power supply is necessary.) Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can be varied by 2.5 cm H2O increments using a commercially available, weighted ball valve. In addition, it has been useful for transporting patients with acute respiratory failure within the hospital for therapeutic maneuvers or diagnostic studies.


Report of a hearing survey of dentists.

Report of a hearing survey of dentists.


Supernumerary premolars: report of two cases.


Dental Health Month/Week 1978.

Dental Health Month/Week 1978.


General anaesthesia in the dental surgery. Requirements for a visiting anaesthetist.


Clinical application of acupuncture in dentistry.


Blood pressure measurement.

Blood pressure measurement.


The role of anaesthetic societies.

The role of anaesthetic societies.


The ABCs of building a better career.

The ABCs of building a better career.


The dental assistant's role in patient relationships.


Preparation of dental educators.

Preparation of dental educators.


Expanded duties--alive and well.

Expanded duties--alive and well.


A protocol for identifying extramural clinical practice sites for a dental assisting program.


Why be certified?

Why be certified?


Organizing a study group.

Organizing a study group.


Problems encountered as an "independent study student".


Achievement through certification.

Achievement through certification.


CLEP--college credit for experience.

CLEP--college credit for experience.


The paper chase..keeping track of insurance claims.


Hypersensitive dentin.

Hypersensitive dentin.


Dental assisting education--a status report.


Channels of communication.

Channels of communication.


Hazards of dentistry.

Hazards of dentistry.


Maternal influence on the behavior patterns of children in the dental situation.


Brands, bristles & tufts. A toothbrush survey.


Nursing bottle syndrome.

Nursing bottle syndrome.


After-hours emergency dental service.

After-hours emergency dental service.


Consideration in becoming an associate.

Consideration in becoming an associate.


"Burnout" problem in helping professions.


After hours emergencies: danger in the shadows.


National Health Planning--a new era.

National Health Planning--a new era.


Outreach grows at Marquette. Dental students continue community dentistry service project.


Radiographic illusions due to faulty angulations.


Radiographic artifact.

Radiographic artifact.


A successful untreated fracture of the mandible.


The value of photography in a periodontal survey.


Do something about that smoking problem!


A tax-free estate--here's how it works.

A tax-free estate--here's how it works.


Especially prepared for your patients.

Especially prepared for your patients.


Behind those teeth there's a patient.

Behind those teeth there's a patient.


Let your telephone help you improve that 'first impression'.


Don't panic! You may have a hidden asset.


My neighbor, the shrink.

My neighbor, the shrink.


Kicking the 9-5 blahs.

Kicking the 9-5 blahs.


Terminating a Keogh plan? Get expert tax advice.


The right formula for paying an associate.


'A disgruntled employee took me to labor court'.


The dentist's role in suicide prevention.


Myofacial pain syndrome.

Myofacial pain syndrome.


Demonstration of interproximal tooth coverage using fluoride gel.


Dental care in relaxed atmosphere benefits patients.


Thirty years too soon?

Thirty years too soon?


The old and new creates interesting contrast.


These auxiliaries march to the beat of different drummers.


Prosthodontics and preventive diagnosis: a contradiction?


Plasma glycosyltransferase activities as an index of marrow status in acute myelogenous leukaemias [proceedings].


Production of alkaline phosphatase by a rat osteogenic sarcoma in vivo and in vitro [proceedings].


Team at Fairleigh Dickinson University. The simulated private practice of dentistry.


Chromosome abnormalities and clinical and morphologic manifestations of chronic myeloid leukemia. Forty cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were studied and subgroups of cases with similar chromosomal abnormalities in terminal stage were defined. Certain correlations were observed between the type of chromosomal changes, and clinical and morphologic manifestations of the disease: (1) It seems that, in cases without any karyotype changes other than translocation (9;22), the terminal stage is longer and milder than in cases with additional chromosomal abnormalities; (2) cases with marker i(17q) are clinically and morphologically rather uniform and are characterized by distinct signs of myeloid differentiation of blast cells, absent in other cases; (3) in cases with various atypical chromosomal abnormalities, the course of the terminal stage is the most rapid and grave. The blast cells differ from myeloblasts and resemble lymphoid elements.


Waste of dental pain.

Waste of dental pain. The effects of dental disease on the population are difficult to describe to the lay public in terms which that public will appreciate. An attempt has been made to quantify the impairment of the quality of life which results from uncontrolled dental disease. Studies indicated that each person could have three to four days of dental pain a year which could be equivalent to 200 million days of toothache per year in the United Kingdom. Only 15 per cent of those who had toothache did seek dental advice for it. This represented a waste and an impairment in the quality of life. It is proposed that estimates of days of dental pain could prove an index of the quality of life of a population.


Fédération Dentaire Internationale.

Fédération Dentaire Internationale.


The college of dentistry's Danish exchange program.


Cell adhesion.

Cell adhesion. Before cells can adhere to a surface, the atoms forming the adhesive bonds must come to within 0.5 nanometers of each other. Distances of this order may not correspond to the averaged electron micrographic data. The events leading to close approach of parts of cells are discussed in terms of electrical parameters, with an emphasis on the surface heterogeneities of cellular adherends. The distinct phenomenon of cell detachment is not simply the reverse of cell adhesion, and must be measured by different techniques. The effects of various pathophysiologic factors on cell attachment and detachment is discussed, with illustrative examples of direct and indirect factors. These include regeneration, degeneration, metabolic inhibitors, endotoxin and antisera. It is concluded the stability of the union between cells and teeth represents a delicate balance between factors promoting contact and initial adhesions, factors strengthening the adhesive interphase and factors promoting separation.


Preceptorship program.

Preceptorship program.


Exercise physiology at the University of Iowa: history and basic concepts.


Federal paperwork.

Federal paperwork.


A health policy, anyone?

A health policy, anyone?


Pharmacology and dentistry at Iowa, 1977.


An academically enriching vacation.

An academically enriching vacation.


Presurgical treatment in the newborn cleft palate infant.


Case 3. A periapical radiograph of tooth no. 12.


Purchase of dental services by households.


Professional Prestige Scale in Israel.

Professional Prestige Scale in Israel.


Caries prevalence in workers in the sweets industry--an epidemiological survey.


Healed root fracture--a ten year case history.


Adjunctive orthodontics in oral rehabilitation. This paper encompasses a few of the more common indications for adjunctive orthodontics. It is by no means a complete list, but relates to those problems often seen in restorative practice and readily handled by the trained restorative clinician. A multitude of techniques exist for the accomplishment of any of the objectives discussed above. The choice of method to be utilized lies with the aptitude of the clinician concerned. It should be noted that, irrespective of the method used, some form of stabilization will be essential on completion of the tooth movement.


A comparative study of panorex and periapical radiographs for evaluating caries and periodontal disease. Since large lesions were detected easily in both methods, it is felt that for longitudinal studies of periodontal disease in large populations the panorex with two posterior bite-wing films has the following advantages: 1. Allows recording of the entire dentition, alveolar bone continuity and surrounding structures, beyond comparison with the periapical technique. 2. Has fixed head position and alignment factors which facilitate standardization. 3. Simplicity of operation requiring minimal time and effort. 4. Low radiation exposure.


Food-odor preference and human masticatory performance.


Effect of sodium fluoride rinsing on dental plaque accumulation. 1. Daily rinsing with water does not prevent plaque accumulation and leads to increased levels of gingival inflammation. 2. Toothbrushing or mouth rinsing with sodium fluoride alone decreases plaque accumulation and improves gingival health. 3. The combined method (toothbrushing and rinsing with sodium fluoride) is the most effective. Confirmation of the above results and conclusions requires additional experiments carried out over a longer period of time.


The bacteriolytic effect of human dentoalveolar purulent exudates and leukocyte extracts.


The addition of CaFPO3 to a ZOE base: effect on the hardness of sound and deminaralized dentine in vitro.


Sex-linked genes in age-structured populations. We study the progress towards equilibrium of the frequencies of sex-linked genes in elementary discrete time models of age-structured, overlapping generation populations. It is found that, if a finite upper age limit is assumed, the difference in the frequencies of an allele in males and females will oscillate as in the familiar non-overlapping generation models, although the oscillations may be irregular. Monotonic convergence of that difference, as found by Nagylaki (1975) in continuous-time overlapping generation models without age-structure, occurs in the models considered here only when there is no upper age limit and when there is "sufficient" overlap of generations.


A simple ventilator suitable for respiratory gas studies. A simple ventilator is described where a spring-loaded bellows is filled from a compressed gas supply. The outflow from the bellows to the subjects is controlled by solenoid valves. The device is a minute volume divider and the durations of inspiration and expiration are set by timers that operate the solenoid valves. The valves are positioned near the subject to minimize dead space and gas compression effects. Precise valve timing ensures separation of inspirate and expirate. The ventilator is suitable for respiratory gas studies on animals and may be modified for human use if required.


Don Quixote.

Don Quixote.


Multiple osteogenic sarcoma following bilateral retinoblastoma. A case report.


Bio-progressive therapy.

Bio-progressive therapy.


Recording the occlusion an easy method.

Recording the occlusion an easy method.


Modified Hawley appliance for better retention of cuspids.


What can happen when you take assignment of benefits?


Bio-progressive therapy. 3.

Bio-progressive therapy. 3.


Team development in orthodontics. Role relationship clarification.


Dr. William R. Proffit on the proper role of myofunctional therapy.


A structured wage program in orthodontic practice.


Stress analysis of plastic bracket configurations.


Improving mandibular incisor stability.

Improving mandibular incisor stability.


Treatment of Class I malocclusion using the Broussard two - force technique.


Preforming Begg archwires.

Preforming Begg archwires.


Orthodontics vs myofunctional therapy.

Orthodontics vs myofunctional therapy.


The principle of informed consent.

The principle of informed consent.


Technique modifications to achieve intrusion of the maxillary anterior segment.


Moratorium on graduate orthodontic students.


Scheduling.

Scheduling.


Practice management and the straight-wire appliance.


Orthodontic economic index--1977.

Orthodontic economic index--1977.


A four-by-four practice.

A four-by-four practice.


The abuse of extraoral anchorage.

The abuse of extraoral anchorage.


A cephalometric diagnostic template.

A cephalometric diagnostic template.


Orthodontics in Central America.

Orthodontics in Central America.


Bone marrow fibrosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. A prospective study of bone marrow fibrosis was made in a group of 40 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to see whether it affected the prognosis or course of the disease. Secondary myelofibrosis (SMF) was present at diagnosis in 57% of the cases. It was not statistically significantly related to the prognosis or course of the disease. Thus, although trephine biopsy occasionally provided useful information in different diagnosis and when aspiration was difficult, it provided little information of use for management.


Antibody formation and cell-mediated immunity to dog pulp tissue altered by N2 paste via the root canal. 1. N2 paste when incubated with dog pulp tissue renders it antigenically active. 2. Specific systemic circulating antibody to dog pulp tissue altered by N2 paste was obtained. 3. When dog pulp tissue was altered by N2 paste a specific lymphocyte stimulation resulted. 4. The root canal is an effective mode of immunization.


Inaugural address: why research?

Inaugural address: why research?


President-elect's message: "opportunities for dental research".


Diffusion phenomena during artificial carious lesion formation. Artificial carious lesions were produced in human enamel using lactic acid [HL] buffers plus diphosphonate [MHDP]. Surface layer thickness was related to [MHDP], middle zone (body) and inner zone depths to [HL] and pH. Indications are that diffusion in enamel is predominantly by unionised species such as HL and CaHPO4, and dissolution by H+ and L-.


An interview with Congressman Andrew Maguire.


Frequency of x-ray exposure.

Frequency of x-ray exposure.


Visit to a denture clinic.

Visit to a denture clinic.


Fluoridation.

Fluoridation.


Sealants.

Sealants.


Product testing service.

Product testing service.


Comparative accuracy of the gnathological and neuromuscular concepts.


Erythroplasia: the earliest sign of asymptomatic oral cancer. This prospective study was conducted to determine the significance of erythroplasia (red) versus leukoplakia (white) in the diagnosis of asymptomatic oral carcinoma and to accurately record the appearance of the erythroplastic lesion. Persistent asymptomatic lesions in any portion of the oral cavity, except the lip, that were considered clinically suspicious with our previous criteria (erythroplasia), or those changes that did not correspond to the visual criteria but were found in high risk sites, were studied and biopsies were performed. Degrees of redness versus whiteness and clinical diagnoses were documented. Of 148 lesions in 113 patients, 66 were malignant (52 invasive and 14 in situ). There was a false negative diagnostic rate of 4.5% (3 of 66) and a false positive rate of 7% (4 of 57). Of the malignant lesions, 86.3% were primarily red compared with 31.9% of the benign lesions. OF the cancers, 10.7% were predominantly white as opposed to 66.7% of benign lesions. This analysis confirms our previous suppositions that persistent erythroplasia rather than leukoplakia, in high-risk sites of the oral cavity, is the earliest and predominant sign of oral carcinoma.


An inquiry into the sterilization of dental handpieces relative to transmission of hepatitis B virus. The transmission of the hepatitis B virus has been implicated in the dental office. The dental profession should be keenly aware of aseptic clinical techniques and effective sterilization procedures. Some dental handpieces can be damaged by conventional sterilization procedures. Alternative procedures are discussed. A review of currently available handpieces and their appropriate sterilization procedures is presented.


Oral exfoliative cytology.

Oral exfoliative cytology. Oral exfoliative cytology can be a powerful tool for early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions as well as for some viral and fungal infections, if the limitations of the method are thoroughly understood and appreciated by the dental clinician. The rationale for oral cytology is developed and documented, and interpretations of the results are explained. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique are given and indications and contraindications for this diagnostic adjunct are discussed. A simple method involving the use of inexpensive equipment in the office is suggested.


Aspects of illness behavior in patients with facial pain. Results of recent studies have suggested that factors other than clinical signs and symptoms have a significant role in determining whether people seek treatment for perceived facial pain and mandibular dysfunction. The concept of "illness behavior" can be used to investigate this problem. Knowledge of a patient's illness behavior patterns helps enable the dentist to understand who seeks care for symptoms of facial pain and mandibular dysfunction; why the care is sought; the meaning of the symptoms to the patient; and the patient's response to treatment.


Human pulpal response to citric acid cavity cleanser. Treatment of cavities with citric acid cavity cleanser, also used as an etchant, before restoration with zinc oxide-eugenol cement, was toxic to the human dental pulp in comparison to sham-treated controls. The cleanser caused a significantly (P less than .01) greater intensity and incidence (P less than .01) of inflammation. The added insult from cleanser pretreatment caused destruction of the odontoblast processes withnin the cut dentinal tubules, and an increase in diameter of the tubules. These effects on dentin and odontoblasts probably contributed to the observed increase in adverse pulp responses.


The effect of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) as a chewing gum additive on caries increments in children. A three-year study on school-age children using trimetaphosphate as a chewing gum additive produced significant reductions in proximal surface dental caries increments as compared to an non-chewing gum group. The reductions were 23.3% for the TMP sucrose gum group and 47.6% for the TMP nonsugar group as compared to the no-gum group.


An evaluation of electromyographic biofeedback in the treatment of myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback was used in a controlled situation to teach patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome to relax and masseter muscle. Those receiving biofeedback were able to reduce their mean masseter EMG levels significantly. Concurrently, there was a reduction of symptoms. Seventy-five percent of the successfully treated patients required no further therapy during one year of observation.


Aneurysmal atherosclerosis of the inferior labial artery with segmental arteriectomy. A case of aneurysmal atherosclerosis of the inferior labial artery has been presented in which a segmental arteriectomy was performed to eliminate the possibility of involuntary trauma to the area, which could produce considerable hemorrhage. Psychologicall, the patient felt better by knowing that the mass was completely removed. Atherosclerosis should be considered when masses are found in the lips in elderly patients. It is thought that this lesion is common but has not been reported in the past.


Fixed prosthodontic preparations.

Fixed prosthodontic preparations.


A review on the selection of an articulator.


The tyranny of trivia.

The tyranny of trivia.


Preventive periodontics.

Preventive periodontics.


A review of subperiosteal implants.

A review of subperiosteal implants.


A simplified technique for biteguard fabrication.


Orthodontics and the restorative dentist.


Insurance abuse: myth or reality.

Insurance abuse: myth or reality.


New concepts in the treatment of avulsed teeth.


Dental implants--their current status.

Dental implants--their current status.


Economic barriers to access to care.

Economic barriers to access to care.


Denturism: the illegal and unqualified practice of dentistry.


Porcine xenograft for atioventricular cardiac valve replacement.


Renin and aldosterone measurements in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. II. Renin and aldosterone measurements as guide of drug therapy in hypertension.


Roentgenocephalometric studies on normal occlusion and malocclusion among Chinese. II. A comparison among normal-bites, open-bites and deep-bites.


Serologic survey for human babesiosis on Taiwan.


Thyroid carcinoma: clinical and pathological studies.


Reappraisal of needle biopsy of the bone marrow.


A method of improving availability and retention in continuing education.


Renal bisection.

Renal bisection.


Monitoring of outpatients during general anesthesia.


The recognition of child abuse.

The recognition of child abuse.


Effect of atropine on the cardiovascular effects of ketamine HC1.


Metallic contamination of bone during drilling procedures. The influence of drills and burs of different shapes and materials on the amount of metallic transfer was studied. In these experiments, holes were drilled in bone with radioactive tools and the amount of metal transferred to the bone was measured by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The proportion of the drill material transferred to the bone varied widely, depending on the type of the drill, its previous usage, and on the specific element considered. Most of the drills transfer a few microgram of iron to the bone, together with smaller quantities of cobalt, tungsten, and chromium. The total quantity of material transferred to the bone from new drills exceeded that of old drills. Almost invariably, the second drilling transferred less material than did the first, even with used drills.


Sliding osteotomy in the mandibular body for correction of prognathism. To overcome some of the disadvantages of the mandibular body ostectomy, a sliding osteotomy accomplished by parallel sectionings of the mandible in the regions of the first premolars was used for the treatment of mandibular prognathism in two cases. The osteotomy was performed by an intraoral approach without any damage to the contents of the mental foramen. The anterior segment could be moved back to any desirable position without losing optimum bony contact. An adequate blood supply to the anterior segment was maintained by a large area of periosteal attachment on the lingual side. The method is effective for correction of mandibular prognathism in which a good occlusion cannot be expected by a ramus osteotomy.


The perimeatal exposure of the condyle.

The perimeatal exposure of the condyle. The perimeatal approach to the condyle provides access to the area of the glenoid fossa by the combination of preauricular and postauricular incisions. Damage to the frontal branch of the facial nerve does not occur because the anterior tissues are not retracted excessively. The cartilaginous meatus is not transected during the operation, which avoids the problem of stenosis of infection of the cartilage.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 23, part 1.


Huge osteoma of the mandible: report of case. A review of the literature on osteoma of the jaws as well as its relationship to Gardner syndrome was presented. A case report of a compact or ivory osteoma that had been slowly enlarging for a minimum of eight years was described. The one-year postoperative examination has shown no discernible resumption of growth.


Liposarcoma of the head and neck: report of case and review of the literature.


Tuberculous ulcer of the tongue: report of case. In the case presented, the patient sought treatment for a painful ulcer on the right lateral border of the tongue. In the absence of any other significant finding, the clinical features of the lesion suggested malignancy. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen was an important aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Pulmonary lesions were subsequently detected and the patient was treated accordingly. The ulcer on the tongue was believed to be secondary to the pulmonary tuberculosis.


Systemic tuberculosis initially seen as an oral ulceration: report of case. A 67-year-old white man was seen for the treatment of a painful oral ulceration. His medical history was highly suggestive of systemic disease. Radiographs of the chest and cultures of sputum were positive for tuberculosis. The incidence, appearance, and characteristics of oral tubercular lesions have been presented. The diagnosis of tuberculosis should be considered along with carcinoma, syphilis, fungal disease, and trauma whenever granulomatous ulcerations appear in the oral cavity.


Subcutaneous parotid effusion after mandibular osteotomy. A case of subcutaneous parotid secretion after extraoral vertical mandibular osteotomy for prognathism has been described. The possible causes have been discussed and a rationale for conservative management has been suggested.


A simple clamp for stabilization of the mandible during surgery. There has beeen an unfilled need for a clamping device to stabilize the mandible during certain types of surgery. The instrument described accomplishes this in a very simple and positive fashion.


A simple method for sialography.

A simple method for sialography.


Mandibular metastasis of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma arising on the plantar surface of the foot: report of case. This paper presented a discussion of the initial appearance and atypical clinical course, histopathology, treatment, and prognosis of a case of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma that originated on the plantar surface of the left foot and that metastasized to the mandible. The clinical behavior of this neoplasm, as reported, is distinctively less aggressive and therefore thought to have a better prognosis than chondrosarcoma of bone. Contrary to the biologic behavior reported in the literature, however, our patient had a less than six-year remission from the neoplasm.


Late soft tissue recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a site of antecedent trauma.


Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and acute leukemia.


Immunization of caries-susceptible pits and fissures with a diammine silver fluoride solution.


Antibody formation to dog pulp tissue altered by 6.5 percent paraformaldehyde via the root canal.


Clinical aspects of microbiology and dental caries.


Preventive measures for the preschool child.


Recall effectiveness training: putting psychology to work in the dentist's office.


Understanding the blind child.

Understanding the blind child.


The management of the space from a prematurely lost second primary molar.


In support of therapy for tongue-thrust.


Occlusal plane orientation and masticatory performance of complete dentures.


Computer-graphic representation of mandibular movements in three dimensions. Part I. The horizontal plane. A computer-graphics simulation was developed to display the effects of mandibular movement patterns of both the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the occlusal plane. The many parameters affecting mandibular movement patterns may be varied selectively. The effects of these parameters on the pathways of movement described by the supporting cusps during occlusion can be graphically observed in the horizontal plane.


In vivo comparison of a composite resin and its radiopaque counterpart.


Anterior guidance--the key to successful occlusal treatment. 1. The occlusion of the anterior teeth is the key to developing and perpetuating an "ideal" occlusion. 2. The anterior teeth protect the posterior teeth by disoccluding them in eccentric positions, and the posterior teeth protect the anterior teeth by receiving most of the forces of closure in centric position. 3. The anterior guidance is a result of both anterior tooth position and condylar border movements; both factors must be considered in the creation of an anterior guidance.


Microleakage and marginal adaptation of composite resin restorations. It has been shown that the use of a sealant offers no advantage with respect to the retentive strength of a composite resin restoration. However, for the improvement of marginal seal and adaptation, the present findings indicate that enamel etching and the application of a sealant, in conjunction with use of a cavity geometry which reduces shrinkage strain, are absolute necessities.


Microleakage and enamel finish.

Microleakage and enamel finish. Cavity preparations that are finished with hand instruments allow significantly less marginal leakage than those which are completed only with rotary instruments. This does not mean that hand-instruments walls are perfectly smooth; it only means that these walls allow less marginal leakage. Cavity preparations restored with composite resin showed more marginal leakage than those restored with amalgam. Also, the degree of marginal leakage was greater in cavity preparations restored with composite resin than in those restored with amalgam. Cavity preparations are more prone to marginal leakage at sharply defined cavosurface acute angles than at the smooth or straight surfaces of the cavity. This pattern of marginal leakage was true for both amalgam restorations and composite restorations, but the degree of marginal leakage was greater when composite resin was used as a restorative material. Since less marginal leakage was found in the finished cavity preparations, it is obvious that all cavity preparations must be finished with hand instruments. This may not completely eliminate the problem of marginal leakage, but it will reduce the potential secondary caries both in degree and frequency. Also, since sharply defined acute angles did exhibit more marginal leakage, this part of the cavity preparation needs special attention. With amalgam and composite restorations at least, these angles should not be sharply defined but should be slightly round, so that better condensation of restorative materials can be obtained. This may reduce the degree of marginal leakage.


Punch shear strength of polycarboxylate cements. Two general conclusions are drawn which apply to all the four commercial polycarboxylate cements: First, the effect of storage condition upon shear strength was much more pronounced after 24 hours than after 1 hour of storage time; second, the effect of storage condition was most extreme when the specimens were tested free of their matrices. Additionally some specific comparisons between the four products tested can be made based on differences of shear strength within the same experimental condition. The effect of confinement decreased in the following order: Boston greater than Bondal greater than PCA greater than Durelon. Sensitivity to storage conditions decreased in this order: Durelon greater than Bondal greater than PCA greater than Boston. Finally sensitivity to storage times decreased in the order Bondal greater than Durelon greater than Boston greater than PCA.


Obturator prosthesis design for acquired maxillary defects. Fabrication of obturator prostheses does not require a special ability to fabricate a prosthesis extension into a defect or an arbitrary extension of a prosthesis into a defect. Fabrication of an obturator prosthesis depends on the application of basic prosthodontic principles that are used in the treatment of patients without maxillary defects. Some principles must be modified because of the defect and the character and position of the remaining structures. The defect, in conjunction with the remaining structures, must be used to provide support, retention, and stability of an obturator prosthesis. If basic prosthodontic principles are applied the size and extension of the obturator will be determined, and the extensive variation so commonly seen in obturators will be minimized. Acceptable prosthodontic care for the patient with the acquired maxillary defect should include cautious prosthesis design combined with routine maintenance care to provide comfort, function, cosmetics, and minimal change to the compromised remaining structures.


Maximum mandibular opening in patients with and without a history of TMJ dysfunction. It was shown that there was no direct connection between maximum jaw opening and a history of TMJ symptoms (Fig. 7). An accurate diagnosis requires the evaluation of a wide range of signs and symptoms through both a history and a clinical examination.


The dental student as technician: to what degree?


One face-bow adapts to three articulators. A procedure has been described whereby simple adaptors will allow the convenient Whip-Mix Quick Mount face-bow to be transferred to the commonly used Hanau H-2 and Dentatus ARH semiadjustable articulators.


Comparison of Myo-monitor centric relation and centric occlusion.


Attachment fixation for overdentures. Part I.


The subperiosteal implant denture program at the University of Southern California. II. Prosthodontic preparations for oral surgery.


Clinical use of aluminum oxide endosseous implants.


Quality of dental care.

Quality of dental care.


The Fagan endosseous stabilizer (FES) implant: a preliminary report.


Operative pain and anxiety control conscious-sedation clinic.


The specificity of the microcytotoxicity assay for cell-mediated immunity in human bladder cancer. Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from T1 or T2 bladder cancer patients and patients with other diseases was tested in 44-hour microcytotoxicity assay against 3 different target cell lines: 1) HU 456, derived from human bladder carcinoma and established in our laboratory, 2) HU 609, a line derived from normal human bladder tissue and established in our laboratory and 3) SAOS-2, a human osteosarcoma cell line from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute. Lymphocyte concentrations ranging from 7.8 time 10(4) to 2.5 times 10(6) lymphocytes per ml. were tested against each cell line. Lymphocytes from both groups of patients demonstrated a cytotoxicity against all 3 target cell lines, proportional to the lymphocyte concentration used. There was no difference in reactivity to HU 609 or to SAOS-2 between bladder cancer and control patients but the lymphocytes of bladder cancer patients showed a statistically greater cytotoxicity for HU 456, demonstrating a tumor type-specific cellular immune reaction superimposed on a background of non-specific cytotoxicity.


Sedation thesaurus.

Sedation thesaurus.


Maxillary sinus infection with Allescheria boydii (Petriellidium boydii). Allescheria boydii (Petriellidium boydii) has previously been described as a cause of Madura foot and pulmonary and other visceral infections. This report describes infection of the maxillary sinus and facial soft tissue with A. boydii in a compromised host. The infection did not respond to antibiotics, including amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Miconazole was not used in our patient, although in vitro data obtained after death indicated sensitivity of the fungus to miconazole.


Childhood leukemia--a perspective.

Childhood leukemia--a perspective.


Lung resection for metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. Osteogenic sarcoma, excluding the paraosteal osteosarcoma, has a grave prognosis, half of the patients dying within 1 year following ablative surgery of the primary lesion. Once pulmonary metastasis is detected, most patients do not survive more than 3 years. Various attempts by investigators to prolong patient survival, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and combined modalities, have met with some success. This report is a summary of 13 patients who underwent lung resections and received adjuvant chemo- and/or immunotherapy for metastatic osteogenic sarcoma in our intstitute in the past 7 years.


Hyperphagia.

Hyperphagia.


Eclampsia and pulmonary insufficiency.

Eclampsia and pulmonary insufficiency.


Notes on dental technology.

Notes on dental technology.


Intensive chemotherapy of acute leukaemias in adults. Preliminary communication.


Regulating competition is not a simple task.


It's time for professional prescriptions.


The dental student inquires.

The dental student inquires.


Denture therapy: advantages and disadvantages.


Possible improvements in the present denture delivery system.


An analysis of selected elements of the present dental prosthetic delivery system and the effect(s) of possible changes.


Introductory remarks.

Introductory remarks.


Confessions of a wax junkie.

Confessions of a wax junkie.


Survey on the use of casting alloys in commercial dental laboratories. II: ceramic alloys.


The computer and the dental laboratory.

The computer and the dental laboratory.


Esthetic temporary anterior tooth replacement.


The University of North Carolina School of Dentistry dentofacial deformity program.


Report on the North Carolina Periodontal Disease Detection Center.


The death of a dentist.

The death of a dentist.


The dentist's future role?

The dentist's future role?


Clinical status of copper amalgam and finishing techniques.


The newborn--an endangered species.

The newborn--an endangered species.


Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint anatomy, etiology and a case presentation.


Licensure and obligations.

Licensure and obligations.


The private practice.

The private practice.


"All or none" dental care the rule in Honduras village.


Ten years of fluoridation in Asheville, North Carolina.


Current concepts of fluoride therapy.

Current concepts of fluoride therapy.


Curriculum in crisis: "flatfooted", "barefoot" and "caught short".


The success of a medical center.

The success of a medical center.


A student's perspectives on a primary care clerkship.


Rural physician care of alcoholics: a survey in North Carolina.


Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Present position and papillotomy.


Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with proteinuria and chronic interstitial nephritis.


Lithium-responsive affective disorders. Model comprehensive plan for treatment.


Child abuse and neglect. Overview.

Child abuse and neglect. Overview.


Maltreatment syndrome of children.

Maltreatment syndrome of children.


Child sexual abuse. Ultimate in maltreatment syndrome.


Moped, minibike, and motorcycle accidents. Associated injury problems.


Hepatorenal syndrome. Reversal with LeVeen shunt.


Carotid body tumors. A reminder.

Carotid body tumors. A reminder.


Babesiosis. First case in New York state.


Pacemaker malfunction associated with blunt trauma.


Congenital intrarenal arteriovenous fistula.


Carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Radiographic findings.


Blow-in fracture causing exophthalmos.

Blow-in fracture causing exophthalmos.


Solitary intrarenal cyst causing hypertension, with plasma renin activity study before and after cyst aspiration.


Medical ethics and moral responsibility. Role of humanities and socioeconomics.


Natural toxicants in foods.

Natural toxicants in foods.


Carcinoma of stomach following previous peptic ulcer surgery.


Ultrasonography of acute surgical emergency.


Intra-abdominal crepitus. New physical sign of necrotizing enterocolitis.


Skin cancer. Screening in urban community.


Clean technique versus sterile technique for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.


Radiologist's assessment of mammography.


Single contrast barium technique or air-contrast technique in examination of G.I. (gastrointestinal) tract. A comparison.


Computed tomography in neuroradiology.

Computed tomography in neuroradiology.


Computed tomography of body.

Computed tomography of body.


Highlights of ultrasound imaging. Evaluation of common diagnostic problems in abdomen, pelvis, and retroperitoneum.


Recent advances in nuclear radiology.

Recent advances in nuclear radiology.


Neurodiagnostic procedures using radioisotopes.


Pelvic mass and leg pain. Case history.

Pelvic mass and leg pain. Case history.


Epidural hematoma of posterior fossa.

Epidural hematoma of posterior fossa.


Ovarian actinomycosis.

Ovarian actinomycosis.


Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infancy and childhood.


Urban surgical residency/care crisis. Origin and steps toward an orderly solution.


Oliguria and its sequelae.

Oliguria and its sequelae. Fifty-nine patients were seen with oliguria in 1975. Forty had acute renal failure (ARF) and 19 rapidly reversible oliguria (RR). The causes of the oliguria were medical (64%), surgical (27%) and obstetrical (9%). The following were valuable in the assessment of patients with oliguria: urine sodium concentration (UNa) and osmolality, coagulation studies and high dose intravenous urography. Patients presenting with a high UNa or a coagulation abnormality were more likely to have ARF. Central venous pressure monitoring was helpful in the initial management but the administration of diuretics was not. Twenty patients with ARF were treated conservatively and the remainder by dialysis. Infection was both the commonest complication of ARF and the most frequent cause of death. Seventy percent of those with ARF died. Death was more common in the elderly or patients with a medical aetiology. The mortality of ARF remains high in spite of advances in the management of its metabolic and infective complications because of the acceptance of more high risk patients. An improved awareness of the preventable causes of oliguria is apparent.


Maori abortion practices in pre and early European New Zealand. The practice of abortion and infanticide in pre and early European New Zealand is confirmed. The reasons for these practices and the methods used are discussed in relation to early Maori attitudes and mythology. There is much evidence to support the conclusion that both infanticide and induced abortion were widely practiced in pre- and early-European New Zealand by the Maoris.  Reasons for the practice of both abortion and infanticide were more often social than medical.  The desire to stay young, fertility control, and the fear of social disgrace are cited as some reasons why abortion was practiced.  Methods of inducing abortion included drugs, religious methods, and constrictive belts.  Infanticide was practiced as revenge by a mother on a wondering husband or as a means of matching the population to the food supply.  Because female babies were less highly valued than males, it was females who were almost always killed.  The religous mythology surrounding both these practices is reviewed.


Screening for hypertension.

Screening for hypertension.


Phenformin acidosis.

Phenformin acidosis.


Registration and licensure for medical practitioners.


Pain and pain relief in labour.

Pain and pain relief in labour. In a survey of 50 women delivered consecutively in a modern maternity hospital, 45 suffered severe and/or very severe pain. This followed an average of just over five hours of mild or moderate pain, and lasted for an average of 3 1/4 hours, in spite of pain relief. Intramuscular pethidine, which tended to be given late in labour, was notably ineffective in relieving pain. Epidural analgesia was highly effective, but was used in only 10 patients, and after an average of 5 1/2 hours of severe or very severe pain. A majority of primiparas found the pain more severe or much more severe than they had been led to expect, and only 34% of the sample were "quite happy" about their next labour, with regard to pain. It is suggested that there is room for improvement.


The Christchurch Hospital diabetes education programme. The Christchurch Hospital diabetes teaching programme is now well established and towards the end of 1977 the results of an evaluation programme should be available. Our aim is to give diabetics and their families the best possible education and to stress the importance of patient self-sufficiency. Patient feedback methods are used to encourage continuing education. The assessment of the value of the educational programme warrants considerable attention and suitable methods of evaluation are being attempted.


Electroconvulsive therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy.


Pollution in operating theatres. Part 1: The problem.


The nutritional status of New Zealanders with respect to manganese, copper, zinc and cadmium--a review. The information currently available for assessing the manganese, copper, zinc and cadmium status of New Zealanders was reviewed. By comparison with current standards the status of manganese and zinc in New Zealanders appears to be adequate and the body burden of cadmium is low. The Cu status of some New Zealanders could be inadequate.


Subacute ectopic pregnancy.

Subacute ectopic pregnancy. A series of 90 patients with 98 ectopic pregnancies is discussed, emphasising problems of diagnosis. Predisposing factors and evidence of previous pelvic pathology were not uncommon. Laparotomy was considerably delayed in 31 patients, 15 of whom required two admissions before definitive treatment. There was one death in the series. An accurate history is most important. In doubtful cases, direct inspection of the pelvic organs is the only sure way of excluding ectopic pregnancy. Laparoscopy allows this, yet will save a laparotomy in a number of cases.


The virus of hepatitis B a new dimension in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease. Ten patients presenting with venereal or dermatological disorders have been found to have evidence of infection with the virus of hepatitis B; only five had distinguishable liver dysfunction, yet all had either detectable antigen or antibody. Antigen subtype ayw has been identified in four of these people. Once rare in the local population, hepatitis B virus infection appears to be increasing in incidence with cases attributable to inoculation and to direct contact, as well as presenting as a covert partner to gonorrhoea, urethritis and candidiasis. Testing for hepatitis B antigen and antibody is recommended for patients attending the venereal diseases clinic, for patients presenting for removal of tattoos, for those with suspected drug taking and for Polynesians, in whom the carrier rate may be expected to be high (Austin and others, 1974). In our current clinical practice the sterilisation of instruments, the handling of patients, and the transmission of specimens to the laboratory have been reviewed in the light of the US Public Health Service supplement 1976, Perspectives on the Control of Viral Hepatitis, Type B.


Accidents in general practice.

Accidents in general practice.


Legionnaires' disease.

Legionnaires' disease.


Pollution in operating theatres: Part 2: The solution.


Pre-hospital trauma management.

Pre-hospital trauma management. Pre-hospital trauma care and management in the United Kingdom, West Germany, Denmark, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand, are briefly compared. An analysis is presented of 738 serious motor vehicle accidents attended in Canterbury from November 1972 until February 1977, showing that the accidents with life threatening conditions commonly occurred more than 20km from the base hospital.


Working group report on hypertension.

Working group report on hypertension.


Datura intoxication.

Datura intoxication.


Operative cholangiography.

Operative cholangiography.


Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning.


A trial of live virus intra-nasal influenza vaccine. One hundred and fifty-seven medical students were randomly divided into three groups: one group was vaccinated with ALICE live virus intra-nasal vaccine; one with sub-unit vaccine given subcutaneously and the third group with a placebo intra-nasal vaccine. One hundred and four patients from two group practices were also given ALICE vaccine by one of four different practitioners. Sero conversion occurred to an equivalent extent in all those given ALICE vaccine and there was only a minor increase in the sero-conversion rate following a second dose of vaccine. Protection by the ALICE intra-nasal vaccine against the A/ Port Chalmers strain of influenza appeared to be superior to that of sub-unit vaccine and HI antibody titres persisted longer in the ALICE group than in those subjects given the sub-unit vaccine.


Clinical use of plasma renin assays.

Clinical use of plasma renin assays. The use of plasma renin assays in clinical practice is reviewed and experience with an assay for plasma renin activity (PRA) is reported. In normal subjects, 10am ambulant PRA was significantly related to plasma angiotensin II levels but not related to daily urine sodium exretion in these subjects consuming normal diets. PRA was suppressed in patients with mineralocorticoid hypertension and in a small proportion of patients with essential hypertension. Very high values were observed in patients with untreated primary adrenal insufficiency, treatment of which resulted in a prompt fall of PRA to normal. PRA was usually normal in adrenalectomised patients and those with chronic adrenal insufficiency receiving satisfactory steroid replacement therapy. It is concluded that provided standardised conditions are used for the collection and assay, PRA is helpful in the assessment of hypokalaemic hypertension as well as in the early detection and management of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency or related conditions of salt wasting.


Weights and heights of Fijians from coastal and inland villages. Heights, weights and nutrition indices are presented for an inland dwelling population of Fijians surveyed in 1961. The results are contrasted with those for coastal dwelling Fijians and the conclusions drawn that coastal dwellers were taller and heavier and suffered more obesity and less malnutrition, than inland dwellers. The differences were not great.


Sisomicin in the treatment of severe or complicated urinary tract infections. Sisomicin is a new aminoglycoside aminocyclitol antibiotic with pharmacological similarities to gentamicin and tobramycin. Fourteen of 24 patients with a severe or complicated urinary tract infection were cured by treatment with a 4-14 day course of sisomicin. In three patients the organism was not eliminated, in one there was a relapse with the same organism while in the remaining six patients a new pathogen (a gram-positive organism in five of these six) appeared within three to six days of completing the course of treatment. The initial infecting organism was therefore eradicated in 20 of the 24 patients treated. This drug should prove beneficial for the treatment of severe gram-negative sepsis.


Patient satisfaction with facilities at an acute admission psychiatric unit.


A one-man city practice of primary contact.


Preventive periodontics?

Preventive periodontics?


Basic aims of periodontal treatment.

Basic aims of periodontal treatment.


Prevention--the only realistic hope.

Prevention--the only realistic hope.


Dental school reports. Part II.

Dental school reports. Part II.


The cracked tooth syndrome.

The cracked tooth syndrome.


A vital updating of conscious sedation and/or amnesia-analgesia.


Dental consumerism: another point of view.


The Regents: New York's silent power brokers.


Anti-trust laws v. associations.

Anti-trust laws v. associations.


Everything you ever wanted to know about work authorizations (or, suggestions on how to improve them).


A Journal interview with Dr. Rexford E. Hardin.


Capitation.

Capitation.


Cautions on capitation practice.

Cautions on capitation practice.


Snipe hunt.

Snipe hunt.


A Journal interview with Dr. Maxwell Davis.


Should dentists advertise?

Should dentists advertise?


The pebbled path (sequel to the rocky road).


Rules of Ohio State Dental Board regarding expanded duty dental auxiliaries.


The importance of radiographic findings in periodontal diagnosis.


Antitrust: background and significance.

Antitrust: background and significance.


The need to know.

The need to know.


Professional incorporation: a politico-economic view.


Prepaid plans. Both sides now.

Prepaid plans. Both sides now.


Malpractice.

Malpractice.


Biological effects. I--dental materials.


Biological effects. II--fluoride toxicity.


Central giant-cell lesion in the mandibular condyle. Report of a case. Giant-cell lesions of the temporomandibular joint are rare. In the present case a central giant-cell lesion of the temporomandibular joint is described, and the distinction between central giant-cell reparative granulomas and giant-cell tumors is discussed. Successful reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint by means of an 8 cm. costochondral graft in an elderly patient with a central giant-cell lesion of the mandibular condyle is also reported.


A technique for investigating the intensity and duration of human psychomotor impairment after intravenous diazepam. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impairment of both psychomotor function and memory after intravenous administration of 17 to 28 mg. of diazepam to normal volunteers. A battery of tests, including word memory, Seguin form board, digit symbol, digit span, block design, and reaction time, was administered at set intervals to both drug and nondrug subjects. The diazepam group demonstrated both psychomotor and anterograde memory deficits which persisted throughout the 150-minute evaluation; but relative to the control group, the diazepam group had enhanced retrograde memory. These preliminary results indicate that even after subjects appear to be recovered from the effect;s of diazepam, residual psychomotor and memory impairment remain.


Papular secondary syphilis of the tongue. Report of a case.


The management of the oral complications of leukemia. Current management of the oral complications of leukemia has been reviewed by means of a questionnaire circulated to leukemia units in Great Britain. Oral manifestations of the disease appear to be common and symptoms severe despite advances in the general management of this group of diseases. It is confirmed that infection involving a wide variety of commensal organisms is an important problem, and it is suggested that improvements can be made in management, especially with the use of broad-spectrum antiseptic agents (for example, 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate which reduces the total number of organisms in the mouth by about 98 per cent.).


Experimental endocarditis induced by dental manipulation and oral streptococci. Circumstantial evidence has strongly implicated dental manipulation as an etiologic factor in the development of infective endocarditis. The introduction of human oral streptococci via the oral cavity in rabbits with vegetative cardiac lesions yields a 94 per cent incidence of infective endocarditis, if the number of inoculated organisms is above a threshold level of 10(7).


The correlation between organoleptic mouth-odor ratings and levels of volatile sulfur compounds. An organoleptic rating (OR) technique and gas-liquid chromatography were employed to study the relationship between oral-malodor ratings and the corresponding concentrations of oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in a total of 102 subjects in two separate studies. Both studies demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between the intensity of perceived oral malodor and the concentration of VSC (H2S + CH3SH) emitted by individual subjects.


Squamous-cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. This study was based on the analysis of 100 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. The male/female ratio was 4.25:1. The peak incidence in women was in the 50 to 59 year age group; in men there was equal frequency in each age group above 50. The five-year survival rate decreased from 86 per cent to 0 as the stage of disease progressed from I to IV. The five-year survival for all stages of disease was 52.7 per cent. Thirty-three per cent developed new primary malignancies; 22 per cent were of the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts. Distant metastases were present in 21 per cent. Fifty per cent were heavy smokers, 33 per cent were heavy drinkers, 28 per cent were both heavy smokers and heavy drinkers, and 21 per cent were nonsmokers and nondrinkers.


Clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses. The natural history and histologic characteristics of a rare malignant neoplasm of tendons and aponeuroses are described, and a case is presented which originated in the right foot of a 19-year-old Caucasian woman who succumbed to the disease after 4 years. This case represents the first known example of metastasis to the oral cavity of this particular neoplasm.


Intraoral juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Intraoral juvenile xanthogranuloma. A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma of the gingiva is presented. This uncommon, benign disorder has rarely been histologically documented in the oral cavity, and rarely have oral lesions been described as presenting symptoms prior to this report. The pertinent literature is reviewed and possible etiologic factors are discussed.


Sjögren's syndrome (sicca complex).

Sjögren's syndrome (sicca complex). A case of sicca complex Sjögren's syndrome in a 41-year-old woman is presented. Symptoms related to xerophthalmia and xerostomia were severe but, ironically, served to confuse the clinical impressions of medical personnel managing this patient, resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. Biopsy of a labial minor salivary gland followed by histopathologic examination of the tissue provided invaluable information which, together with the clinical picture, aided in the establishment of the delayed diagnosis.


Oral assessment of the "risk" patient.

Oral assessment of the "risk" patient. Certain patients may be considered as being at "risk" with respect to the possibility of development of significant diseases of either a local or a systemic nature as a direct result of the presence of oral infection. The problems relating to the development of bacteremia subsequent to surgery in the patient with cardiovascular disease are well appreciated. Thought should be given to the possibilities of such developments in relation to the presence of periapical pathosis. It is demonstrated that a definitive evaluation of the status of the nonvital tooth cannot be made by the presently accepted methods of clinical and radiographic examination.


Endodontic therapy averting major surgery and avoiding keloid formation. Keloids and mandibular unfavorable fractures are reviewed. A case report of a patient with keloid diathesis, who had a mandibular unfavorable fracture, is presented. A grossly carious, abscessed first molar was in the line of fracture. This tooth was the only erupted tooth present in the proximal fragment. Endodontic therapy and restoration of normal contour enabled the surgeons to treat the fractured mandible by means of simple closed reduction. The endodontic treatment pre-empted a major surgical procedure under general anesthesia and also averted a skin incision which would have subsequently formed a disfiguring keloid.


Compensation of differences in density of radiographs by densitometry. Radiographs were made of a dried human mandible with variations in kilovolt peak, exposure time, soft-tissue thickness substitutes, and developing time. The densitometric measurements of the image of dental and bony structures were transformed into millimeters of aluminum equivalents by means of densitometric measurements on the penetrometer. Variations in kilovolt peak, exposure time, soft-tissue thickness substitutes, and developing time do not affect the densitometric measurements after transformation, except when radiographs are very dark.


Bony defects in dried Bantu mandibles.

Bony defects in dried Bantu mandibles. Forty-three dried South African Bantu mandibles were examined visually and radiographically for the frequencies of occurrence of apical defects, bifurcation involvements, dehiscences, and fenestrations. Statistical evaluation of the data revealed no significant discrepancy between the visual and radiographic findings.


Lesions resembling caries in unerupted teeth. Two cases are presented documenting the recognition and treatment of defects in the coronal portion of unerupted mandibular second permanent molars. The teeth were surgically exposed and the lesions treated as deep pit and fissure caries. Small, vital pulp exposures were encountered in both cases. Calcium hydroxide was placed and restoration with amalgam followed. Normal root formation and eruption occurred for 24 and 6 months, respectively. A firm diagnosis of caries, external resorption, or internal resorption could not be made because of the lack of histologic study.


Bilateral lingual mandibular salivary gland depression.


Gemination, fusion, or both?

Gemination, fusion, or both?


Bilocular odontogenic keratocyst.

Bilocular odontogenic keratocyst.


Unusual chronic focal osteomyelitis.

Unusual chronic focal osteomyelitis.


Tonsillolith.

Tonsillolith.


President's message.

President's message.


Uric acid metabolism in therapy of glycogen storage disease type I. Factors which may explain lower serum uric in a new therapy of patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I have been studied. [1-14C]Glycine incorporation into urine uric acid was 0.68% of the injected dose during a 6-day period of frequent high carbohydrate feedings, 0.40% with the same diet and nocturnal nasogastric feeding by Vivonex, and 0.18% in a control patient with GSD type III. Fractional renal uric acid excretion in the patient with GSD type I increased from 11.3% to 26.3% after beginning nocturnal nasogastric feeding of Vivonex. Red cell phosphoribosylpyrophosphate leve,ls were not changed by the therapy. Addition of Vivonex nocturnal feedings to frequent high carbohydrate feedings (1) decreased the accelerated de novo purine synthesis to a level still higher than control and (2) increased fractional renal uric acid excretion.


Periodontal disease. 1. Introduction.

Periodontal disease. 1. Introduction.


Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease.


Dentistry as a profession--myth or reality?


The effects of preventive dentistry and treatment productivity on dental health manpower needs.


Restorative procedures by dental auxiliaries.


Dental care for the elderly.

Dental care for the elderly.


"HMO strategy" and dental care.

"HMO strategy" and dental care.


Nitrous oxide: potential hazards to health professionals.


Results of the Minnesota Dental Association prepaid dental care survey.


PL 93-641 and the HSA's: forerunner of National Health Insurance?


Precontoured matrix for Class V composites.


Ion flow through a membrane: concentration and current responses to a step potential change. Solutions of the simplified time-dependent Nernst-Planck electrodiffusion equations for various membrane models under the influence of a step voltage change are presented. Comparison of the results for a membrane with continuous sites to those for membranes with two, three or five intermediate sites shows little difference either qualitatively or quantitatively in the concentration of the diffusible ion inside the membrane, although some quantitative differences are evident in the calculated currents.


Theoretical study of protein--lipid interactions in bilayer membranes. An analysis is given for the perturbation of the order and composition of lipid bilayers near an intrinsic membrane protein. Two cases are examined: the protein influences the lipid order (i.e., "fluidity"), and the protein associates with one component of a lipid mixture preferentially. The order perturbation is studied as a function of temperature and lateral pressure by using Landau--de Gennes theory and a variational procedure. It is concluded that, for a given lateral pressure, the greatest amount of boundary lipid is present at the lipid phase-transition temperature. A critical point for the phase transition occurs, near which the amount of boundary lipid increases dramatically. The composition perturbation is modeled in a binary lipid mixture by using a simple regular solution theory. The perturbation is found not to extent much beyond the directly bound layer of lipids unless the solution is near a critical mixing point.


Unique structures formed by pyrimidine-purine DNAs which may be four-stranded. Pyrimidine-purine DNAs with repeating sequences can be made to undergo a reversible transition to possibly a tetra-stranded complex. Physicochemical characterization of the new structures and model building are consistent with, in the case of d(TC)n-d(GA)n, a tetra-stranded complex forming by the addition of d(GA)n to the remaining space in the major groove of the triple-stranded complex d(TC)n-d(GA)n-d(CT)n. A possible role for tetra-stranded complexes in chromosome condensation is suggested by the natural occurrence of repeating sequence pyrimidine-purine DNAs and the properties of condensed chromosomes.


Current challenges in childhood leukemia.


Mapping of adenovirus late promoters with nascent mercurated RNA. Nascent RNA molecules were labeled in vivo and elongated in vitro by incubation of the isolated nuclei in the presence of mercurated nucleotides. The RNA molecules initiated and labeled in vivo and elongated in vitro were then selectively purified on a thiopropyl 6-B Sepharose affinity column. The procedure was shown to be free of artifacts since the addition of mercurated nucleotides and the retention on the affinity column is mediated by the endogenous RNA polymerase II (nucleoside triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6), is sensitive to actinomycin D, and is dependent on the presence of all four ribonucleotide triphosphates. This general procedure was applied to the mapping of viral promoters late after adenovirus 2 infection of HeLa cells. RNA purified as described above was hybridized to restriction enzyme fragments attached to nitrocellulose filters. The 5' ends of the nascent RNA chains are located in coordinates 9.5-17 for a rightward transcript, 0-25 for a leftward transcript, and possibly 60-70 for a second rightward transcript. These locations clearly differ from locations of the early promoters and therefore suggest that the transition from early to late functions is controlled at the transcriptional level.


Characterization of the histone core complex. A stable histone core complex containing equimolar ratios of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 has been isolated from chicken erythrocyte chromatin in high salt. This complex has been characterized by sedimentation and chemical cross-linking studies. In velocity ultracentrifugation, only one single sharp sedimentation boundary has been observed with sedimentation coefficient S020,w = 3.8 +/- 0.1. The molecular weight of the histone core complex has been investigated by low-speed sedimentation equilibrium studies over a wide range of protein concentration. Analysis of the apparent weight-average molecular weight as a function of concentration indicates that the histone core complex in 2 M NaCl, pH 9.0, is in equilibrium between a tetramer (H2A)(H2B)(H3)(H4) and an octamer [(H2A)(H2B)(H3)(H4)]2 species with a tetramer molecular weight of 55,000. The equilibrium constant K is approximately 1.2 X 10(-5) liter per mol at 10 degrees. Evidence of such a tetramer-octamer equilibrium in solution is also supported by the results of our chemical crosslinking experiments on the histone core complex.


Strand-specific break near the origin of bacteriophage P2 DNA replication. Membrane-associated P2 DNA isolated early after infection under conditions that block replication (amB in phage and rep in Escherichia coli C) was analyzed by electron microscopy. Most DNA was in the form of relaxed circles (40%) and circles with short single-stranded tails (60%). When this DNA was hybridized with separate strands of linear P2 Hy dis DNA (which provides suitable reference points along the heteroduplex molecules), an interruption was located near the previously mapped origin of P2 DNA replication in one specific strand. The same strand was sometimes extended in the direction consistent with the unidirectional mode of P2 DNA replication. Similar conclusions were reached when the intracellular DNA was analyzed after partial denaturation. These results are consistent with the rolling circle mode of DNA replication.


Noncovalent interaction of the NH2-terminal fragment of human somatotropin with the COOH-terminal fragment of human choriomammotropin to generate growth-promoting activity. Complementation of the plasmin fragments of reduced-carbamoylmethylated (Cam) human somatotropin (hGH) with those of reduced-carbamoylmethylated human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) have been investigated. It was found that the recombinant obtained by noncovalent interaction of [Cys(Cam)53]hGH-(1-134) with [Cys(Cam)-165,182,189]hCS-(141-191) exhibits 50% growth-promoting activity and nearly full immunoreactivity. Complementation of [Cys(Cam)53]hCS-(1-133) with the COOH-terminal fragment of hGH generated lower growth-promoting and immunological activities.


Acetylcholine-receptor-mediated ion flux in electroplax membrane microsacs (vesicles): change in mechanism produced by asymmetrical distribution of sodium and potassium ions. The kinetics of acetylcholine-receptor-mediated efflux of inorganic ions from electroplax microsacs of Electrophorus electricus in the presence of varying alkali metal ion concentrations on both sides of the membrane have been investigated. The efflux, a monophasic process when the ion distribution is symmetrical (the same concentrations and types of ions on both sides of the membrane), becomes a biphasic process, consisting of a very rapid initial release of ions followed by a slower first-order process, under conditions that resemble the physiological state of the neural membrane (potassium ions inside the microsacs and sodium ions on the outside). The initial phase of the efflux discriminates between calcium and sodium ions and is inhibited by potassium ions in the external solution. The rate constant associated with this phase is at least 40 times larger than the rate constant associated with the slower efflux. Both phases depend on the concentration of acetylcholine or carbamoylcholine, and are inhibited by receptor inhibitors (d-tubocurarine and alpha-bungarotoxin).A simple model is proposed which relates the kinetics of the flux to ligand-induced conformational changes in the receptor. We also indicate the relationship between the biphasic kinetics of the flux observed in microsacs to "desensitization," the phenomenon in which, on addition of acetylcholine, the transmembrane voltage of muscle and nerve cells first increases and then decreases to its resting value within a few seconds.


Preparation and template activities of polynucleotides containing O2- and O4-alkyluridine. O2-Ethyl-UDP and O4-methyl-UDP have been prepared and copolymerized in various proportions with UDP or CDP, using polynucleotide phosphorylase. The copolymers were used as templates for DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in the presence of Mn2+. Both of the O-alkylated uridines caused a similar misincorporations. When copolymerized with U they led to incorporation of CMP and GMP into the poly(A). No AMP or UMP incorporation seemed to be caused by the introduction of O-alkyluridines into either poly(U) or poly(C). The mispairing of O2- and O4-alkyluridine to behave like C or G represents mutagenic events. O2 alkylation of U or T is, in contrast to O4 alkylation, a relatively frequent result of treatment of double-stranded nucleic acids with N-nitroso alkylating agents. In single-stranded nucleic acids both O2 and O4 alkylations of U and T occur to similar extents. Thus, the observed mutagenic effects of O2 and O4 alkylation of U may be involved in the high carcinogenicity of these alkylating agents.


Amino acid sequence of the beta chain of human fibrinogen: homology with the gamma chain. The beta chain of human fibrinogen is composed of 452 +/- 5 amino acid residues, 14 of which are methionines. Consistent with these findings we have isolated and characterized 15 fragments after cyanogen bromide digestion of carboxymethylated beta chains. The arrangement of several of these peptides was deduced on the basis of overlapping peptides isolated from the fragments D and E produced by the plasmic digestion of fibrinogen and/or from a tryptic digest of citraconylated beta chains. Most of the other cyanogen bromide fragments can be aligned by homology with the alpha and/or gamma chains from human fibrinogen, although the positioning of a few of the smallest peptides is still ambiguous. The homology of the beta chain with the gamma chain is especially strong in certain regions of the domain that includes fragment D.


Kinetics of biphasic reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus in vitro. The kinetics of the in vitro reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus from its RNA and protein were studied by measuring the increase in turbidity, the development of ribonuclease-resistant infectivity, the emcapsidation of the terminal ends of the RNA, and the growth of rod length. The results showed that the reconstitution reaction consists of two processes in which the direction, timing, and rate of assembly are different. Rapid elongation of particles toward the 5' end of the RNA proceeds in the first 5-7 min to give intermediate particles of 260 nm in length in which only the 5' terminus of the RNA is encapsidated. The subsequent process requires 30-50 min, is accompanied by a slow increase in turbidity, and gives rise to rods of the full length, 300 nm. The 3' terminus becomes RNase resistant by this process with concomitant development of ribonuclease-resistant infectivity, showing that the 3'-distal portion of the RNA is encapsidated in the direction of 5' to 3'. The rate of rod elongation by the second process is less than 1/10 of that by the first process.


Identification of the principal aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct formed in vivo in rat liver. The products of in vivo covalent binding of activated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to DNA have been investigated in rats. The principal covalent product formed in liver DNA of rats treated with AFB1 has been identified as 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxy-aflatoxin B1. This compound was isolated from the liver DNA of rats dosed with AFB1 (2.0 mg/kg) in sufficient quantity for characterization by physicochemical techniques, including field-desorption mass spectrometry. This information together with results of chemical methylation of the compound proved that the major adduct formed between DNA and AFB1 in vivo is identical to that produced in vitro when AFB1 is incubated with DNA in the presence of a rat liver microsomal activating system. Quantitative studies of formation of this compound revealed a dose-dependent relationship between the level of its occurence in liver DNA and AFB1 doses over the range 0.125-1.0 mg/kg.