Influence of local insults on sympathetic vasoconstrictor control in feline dental pulp. The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether local insults can affect the sympathetic vasoconstrictor regulation of pulpal blood flow. The rate of disapperance (k-value) of iodide from dentinal cavities was measured in anaesthetized cats. Changes in k-value reflected changes in blood flow. It has previously been shown that stimulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fibres generally causes a clearcut decrease in the k-value. Deep cavity preparation was found to inhibit the vasoconstrictor response in a few cases in experiments on mature cats. Heating or cooling the tooth during cavity preparation induced a more frequent inhibition, which proved to be reversible within a few hours. Compound 48/80 applied locally to the cavity was also found to induce inhibition of the vasoconstrictor effect, but in this case no sign of reversibility was observed. Chronic insults were produced by exposing the cavity to oral microorganisms during 1-4 weeks before the experimental procedure. In this case, the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response was not inhibited. A histological study was performed to examine the pulp tissue after cavity preparation and the application of insults. It was found that cavity preparation and acute insults caused little or no disturbance, while chronic insults resulted in severe damage to the pulpal tissue.


Recording of mandibular movements by intraorally placed light emitting diodes. In order to evaluate an opto-electronic system for recording mandibular movement a simulator and clinical pilot study was performed. The method was based on light emitting diodes (LED) and a photodetector system. One LED was placed intraorally and one on the forehead, the latter acting as reference. When the light spot is focused on the detector surface a photo-current will occur. This current can be used to obtain two signals linearly related to the x and y coordinates of the LED. By using two detectors the three-dimensional coordinates of a movement can be calculated, consequently also the z-coordinate. In the simulator experiment the method was shown to have a satisfactory precision and good reproducibility. The results from the clinical test indicated that it is possible to measure and record mandibular movement with a minimum of external influence to the test person.


Effects of adrenaline and felypressin (octapressin) on blood flow and sensory nerve activity in the tooth. The present investigations in cats were designed to study the effects of local anaesthetics containing adrenaline and felypressin (octapressin) on dental pulp function. Intradental sensory nerve excitability was measured using electrodes placed in dentinal cavities in canine teeth. Changes in pulp blood flow were measured using the disappearance rate of a radioactive tracer placed in the same cavities. Injections (0.5 ml) of lidocaine (20 mg/ml) - adrenaline (12.5 microng/ml) or prilocaine (30 mg/ml) - octapressin (0.54 microng/ml) were given supraperiosteally in the apical area of the tooth. Adrenaline either alone or with lidocaine caused almost complete inhibition of pulp blood flow within a few minutes. This effect was followed by a total inhibition of the sensory nerve activity. In most cases there was a recovery of both functions after 3 hours. Octapressin, on the other hand, had no inhibitory effects on pulp blood flow or sensory nerve activity. Lidocaine and prilocaine were also without effect. These findings indicate a different mode of action of the two vasoconstrictors and suggest that octapressin may be preferred in infiltration anaesthesia during treatment of the vital tooth.


Thickness of the soft tissue layers and the articular disk in the temporomandibular joint. Out of 115 right temporomandibular joints from Swedish subjects aged 1 day to 93 years, 48 joints without any gross sign of arthrosis or deviation in form were examined histologically. The joint components were cut sagittaly, each into four parts. Histological sections were made of the condyle, the temporal component and of the articular disk. The total thickness of the soft tissue layers was measured in decalcified sections, cut from the medio-central and lateral parts of the condyle and the temporal component and from the medial, medio-central, latero-central and lateral regions of the disk. In the medio-central sections from the condyle and temporal component the thickness of the fibrous connective tissue layer i.e. the surface layer was also registered. The soft tissue layers were thickest in the condyle superiorly, about 0.4-0.5 mm, in the temporal component on the postero-inferior slope of the articular tubercle, about 0.5 mm, and in the disk posteriorly about 2.9 mm. In the roof of the fossa it was only 0.1 mm. The soft tissue layers on the condyle as well as the disk were thinner laterally while the corresponding tissue in the temporal component was thicker laterally. The thickness of the soft tissue layers seem to reflect the growth and functional load to which the joint is exposed.


Proprotionate linear measurements in radiographic cephalometric assessments. A methodological study. Craniofacial structures were studied by radiographic cephalometry in 10 boys and 10 girls at 9-14 years and 13 years later. The linear distances were measured in mm as well as with indices with the sella-nasion distance as denominator. The index measurements proved to be dependent on age to a rather limited extent. This held true for index measurements referring to skeletal points as well as soft-tissue points.


The maxillary rotation: Its relation to the cranial base and the mandibular corpus. An implant study. A material of 22 patients with metallic implants was used in a longitudinal study, based on lateral head-plates, of the relationship between: 1) the maxillary rotation and the cranial base 2) the maxillary rotation and the different mandibular rotations. No connection has been found between the variation of the maxillary rotation and the growth of the cranial base. The correlation between the maxillary and the mandibular rotations is the highest when the rotation of the corpus is considered. A strong correlation is found between the variation of the condylar growth direction and the variation of the maxillary rotation.


The construction and use of diagnostic standards for radiographic caries incidence scores. The aim was to construct and illustrate the use of diagnostic standards for recording of DFS incidence. Separate standards are presented for ranking of subjects; the mean "intermediate" DFS score per subject, which represented the majority decision of three dentists; and a certainty scale for individual tooth surfaces. The scores recorded for 40 sets of posterior bitewing radiographs of children between 13 and 15 years of age by two fourth year dental students and two dental hygienists were compared with the standards. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient reached the critical level of +0.70 in three of eight instances. Only one mean net DFS increment score differed significantly from the mean standard score (p less than 0.05). The level of agreement with the certainty scale for individual surfaces was low. Focusing attention on recording of DFS incidence gives a more severe test of examiners' diagnostic performance. The construction and use of control charts for monitoring the diagnostic level of examiners is suggested.


Apparent regional turnover of acetylcholine in mouse brain. Methodological and functional aspects.


Fifteen years of cardiac pacing.

Fifteen years of cardiac pacing.


Intestinal adaptation.

Intestinal adaptation.


The mechanism of lincomycin-induced diarrhoea. Metabolic studies were performed before and seven days after treating rats orally with lincomycin. Following the treatment the mean faecal weight increased from 302.2 g/72 hr +/- 3.8 (S.D.) to 65.5 +/- 8.2. The faecal fat excretion was unchanged, and the weight increase was mainly due to increased water content. To find whether the watery diarrhoea was due to bile acid malabsorption, the absorption rate of [14C]-taurocholic acid was measured in untreated rats and rats treated with lincomycin using an in vivo perfusion technique. There was no significant difference in bile acid absorption rate measured at three different concentrations of bile acid in the perfusate. Alternative mechanisms of lincomycin-associated diarrhoea are discussed.


Osteomalacia in the stagnant loop syndrome. Osteomalacia in a 80-year old woman with malabsorption due to the stagnant loop syndrome is reported. The osteomalacia was associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine and increased bile salt deconjugation. Although the mechanism of osteomalacia in the stagnant loop syndrome remains uncertain, it is suggested that abnormal flora reduce the absorption of vitamin D by deconjugation of bile salts in the lumen of the small intestine.


Intensive treatment in severe acute attacks of ulcerative colitis. The results of intensive treatment including steroids and early surgery in severe colitis in the period 1971-1975 were compared to the results from the period 1966-1970, when systematic intensive therapy was not given. The period of preoperative medical treatment was reduced on average from 31 to 17 days. Approximately half the patients went into remission in each period. In the period 1971-1975 (23 patients) there was no mortality during the acute attacks or in the subsequent follow-up period. In the period 1966-1970, the immediate mortality in 30 patients was 10% (3 patients). One patient died six years later at the age of 81 during a relapse of the colitis, and the overall mortality was 13.3%.


Physiological aspects on the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis.


Malignant myelosclerosis. Myeloproliferative disorder or leukemia? Four patients with the picture of "malignant myelosclerosis" are described and the relationship of this condition to acute granulocytic leukemia is discussed. It is suggested that there is a leukemic process from the beginning, that the fibrosis of the marrow is reactive rather than neoplastic, and that the disease should not be regarded as an accelerated form of chronic (primary) myelosclerosis. The presence of excessive reticulin in the marrow in acute leukemia, especially when the patient is first seen, indicates a bad prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy. A systemic fungal infection in one patient is described.


Busulfan lung.

Busulfan lung. An uncommon, but lethal, toxic side effect of busulfan (Myleran) therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia is pulmonary fibrosis. A 16-month-old male infant treated for 11 months with busulfan for chronic myelogenous leukemia is, we believe, the first case of "busulfan lung" in the pediatric age group to be reported. Progressive roentgenographic changes in the lung of a diffuse intra-alveolar and interstitial pattern were noted. The patient died after a four-day episode of cough, fever, and progressive dyspnea. At autopsy, no evidence of infection or leukemic infiltrates were seen in the lungs. Characteristic histologic findings as a result of busulfan therapy were observed in the lung and pancreas.


Orthodontics in communal settlements (kibbutzim) in Israel.


Sutural development: structure and its response to rapid expansion. This fine structural study of the suture, its development, structure, and response to rapid expansion has shown that the sutural complex is best described in terms of the functional activity of two cell populations, namely, the osteocytic and fibrocytic series, which have the ability to remodel the tissues which they form. It is suggested that the previous detailed descriptions of differences in fiber orientation and vascular distribution reflect functional activity of a suture at any given time rather than immutable anatomic characteristics. Development of the suture and its rapid expansion showed many similarities in that growth during development and orthopedic expansion both separate the joint. If the initial inflammatory aspect of rapid expansion is ignored, the response of the suture is one of osteogenesis and fibrillogenesis, followed finally by remodeling. It is also suggested that sutural expansion involves injury followed by a proliferative repair phenomenon which, in other tissues, usually leads to the formation of scar tissue. However, the ability of sutural connective tissue fibroblasts to remodel ultimately leads to regeneration of the suture. Finally, programmed cell death has been shown to be an important feature in the development of the suture.


Cystic lymphangioma with enlarged tongue: a case report.


The orthodontic patient: a cooperative interprofessional responsibility.


Radiation-induced erythroleukemia in the beagle dog. A hematologic summary of five cases. Eleven cases of myeloproliferative disease occurred in a group of 24 beagle dogs placed in a 60Co gamma-ray field at about 13 months of age and irradiated at an exposure rate of 5 R/22-hour day for duratior of life. Of these 11 dogs, 5 (described in this paper) were diagnosed as having erythroleukemia. The bone marrow showed marked erythroblastic hyperplasia, with maturation arrest of the erythroid elements, and increased numbers of myeloblasts and promyelocytes. The terminal peripheral blood was characterized by marked anemia and thrombocytopenia, with circulating erythrocytic precursors and abnormal erythrocyte morphology. Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly occurred in 4 of the 5 animals. In the spleens and livers of all 5, there was extensive leukemic infiltration and proliferation. The extent of leukemic involvement in other tissues and organs varied in individual dogs.


Acute myeloblastic leukemia presenting with diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus as the presenting manifestation of acute myeloblastic leukemia in a nine-year-old female is reported. In patients with recent onset of diabetes insipidus an underlying leukemic process should be excluded as an etiologic factor.


Subcategorizing Gilles de la Tourett's syndrome.


Loa loa in a gynecologic smear.

Loa loa in a gynecologic smear.


Injection of steroids in painful breasts. Fibrositis of the breast results in unilateral localized pain and tenderness in one breast. In most cases it can be specifically and permanently relieved by injection of steroids.


Acute leukemia after azathioprine treatment of connective tissue disease. A 23-year-old man is reported who had a connective tissue disorder with features of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Because of the development of severe myocarditis and acute cerebral dysfunction treatment with azathioprine and prednisone was instituted, with dramatic clinical improvement. Ten months later, when a total of some 52 g of azathioprine had been administered, acute myelomonocytic leukemia developed. Although acute myelogenous leukemia has been noted in several individuals receiving immunosuppressive drugs for treatment of lymphoreticular neoplasms, this complication has heretofore been rare in patients given azathioprine for non-neoplastic disease. The present case is documented because of the increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs in treatment of various rheumatic disorders and the need to establish the relationship, if any, between the use of such agents and malignancy.


A quantitative study of the N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamidase activity in the odontoblast-predentine region of intact and carious human teeth.


A computer-based system for the simultaneous measurement of muscle activity and jaw movement during mastication in man.


The relationship between dental occlusion, muscle activity and associated jaw movement in man.


Isometric force control by human tongue and forefinger.


The isolation of some basic proline-rich proteins from human parotid saliva.


Biting loads generated by the laboratory rat.


Interaction of streptococcal aggregating factors with thiol-and disulphide-reactive compounds.


Cytochemical study of uptake of exogenous peroxidase by the rat submandibular salivary gland.


Coordinated growth of successively initiated tooth germs in the mouse.


Anomalies of form birefringence in ground sections of early human enamel caries.


Immune components in normal and inflamed human dental pulp.


Chemical analysis of thiol, disulphide and total sulphur content of human saliva.


Evaluation of in-vitro cell labelling of mouse epithelia with tritiated thymidine.


Immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in recurrent aphthous ulcers in man.


Initial characterization of the proteins of keratinized epithelium of rat oral mucosa.


Human parotid saliva urea in renal failure and during dialysis.


The effect of cadmium on the normal tooth fissure plaque flora of Sprague-Dawley rats.


Immunoelectrophoretic identification of peroxidase in human parotid saliva.


Dissolution of two commercial preparations of calcium glycerophosphate in human saliva.


A histological investigation of the influence of adult porcine gingival connective tissues in determining epithelial specificity.


A tonic vibration reflex evoked in the jaw opening muscles in man.


Information transmission in trigeminal mechanosensitive afferents from teeth in the cat.


The representation of motor-unit action-potentials on skin-surface electromyograms of the masseter and temporal muscles in man.


Effect of prolonged topical application of vancomycin on human oral Streptococcus mutans populations.


A microanalytical technique for the estimation of fluoride in rat molar enamel.


Quantitative age changes in the histological structure of human submandibular salivary glands.


An ameloblastic fibro-odontome.

An ameloblastic fibro-odontome. A case of ameloblastic fibro-odontome is reported. The clinical and histopathological features are discussed in detail and the surgical mangement of such lesions is shown to depend on these features. A plea is made for all lesions of this type to be reported.


Effects of hydrocortisone in the mineralization speed of the dentine. The effect of hydrocortisone on the rate of mineralization of the dentine of rat incisors has been investigated and a comparative analysis of this effect on the upper and lower incisors as well as the various aspects of these incisors has been made.


An estimation of demand for prosthetic dentistry in the year 2000.


The articulation of surgical models.

The articulation of surgical models.


The Adelaide undergraduates dental curriculum: an appraisal by recent graduates and final-year students. Eighty-eight recent graduates and thirty final-year students replied to a questionnaire on the effectiveness of the present Adelaide undergraduate curriculum in relation to general dental practice. A high proportion of the first-year graduates had some difficulties in various aspects of practice management. Some first-year graduates and students lacked confidence in managing interpersonal relationships. Students especially, but also some graduates, were not competent in several clinical skills. A number of graduates and students were unhappy with the present place and purposes of the pre-clinical science subjects.


Cysts and ameloblastomas: a relationship.


The clinical development of the glass-ionomer cements. i. Formulations and properties.


Clinical pathology. A diagnostic aid to the dental practitioner. Clinical pathology is concerned with specialized investigations and tests which are used to refine the process of diagnosis. Biopsy, cytology, blood examination, microbiological and biochemical tests are of particular relevance to dental practice and are a valuable aid to the diagnosis of oral disease. The dental clinician should be familiar with the principles of these investigations and fully understand the significance of the data which they yield.


The effect of a pilot dental health education programme on high school students. A dental health education programme for fourth and fifth year high school students reduced the levels of debris and periodontal disease significantly. Although the use of recommended toothbrushes and fluoride paste was increased the demand for professional care was greater in the control group.


Imaging of acute myocardial infarction using technetium 99m labelled phosphate compounds. Technetium 99m pyrophosphate or polyphosphate administered intravenously soon after acute myocardial infarction produces positive images of the area and extent of myocardial necrosis. Forty-four patients have been studied of whom 39 had myocardial infarction. There was good correlation of the site and extent of infarction as indicated by the scintigram with electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme criteria.


The Nail Patella syndrome--a report of a family. This report describes two cases of the Nail Patella Syndrome with renal involvement. Pathological studies include immunochemistry, light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The possibility of secondary immune damage to altered glomerular basement membrane is suggested as a cause of the progressive renal disease which occurs in some of these cases.


The complement system in infectious mononucleosis. The complement system was investigated in 34 patients with infectious mononucleosis. Three had specific complications: one haemolytic anaemia, one severe arthralgia/myalgia and one proliferative glomerulonephritis. Complement changes consistent with classical pathway consumption were seen in ten of the uncomplicated group and the patients with haemolytic anaemia and arthralgia/myalgia. The patient with glomerulonephritis showed evidence of alternative pathway utilisation including C3 splitting activity and the deposition of properdin on renal biopsy. The complement findings suggest that circulating immune complexes are common in such patients and are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of the complications. It is proposed that both complement pathways may be required for the effective clearance of viral material from the circulation.


Bacteraemia following oesophageal dilatation and oesophago-gastroscopy. Significant, but asymptomatic, bacteraemia after oesophageal dilatation with Hurst's bougies for oesophageal stricture or spasm was detected in six of 11 patients. No bacteraemia was identified in ten volunteers without oesophageal pathology, who underwent passage of the same dilators. After oesophago-gastroscopy significant bacteraemia was identified in one of ten patients examined. The predominant bacterial isolates were streptococci ("Streptococcus viridans" and non-haemolytic Streptococcus sp.). All the strains were sensitive in vitro to penicillin, amplicillin and cephalosporins. Any of these antibiotics are considered suitable for prophylactic use prior to performing oesophageal dilatation and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in "at risk" patients. The risk of bacteraemia is much lower after endoscopy than oesophageal dilatation for stricture or oesophageal spasm. Mucosal trauma is concluded as the site of entry of pharyngeal commensals leading to bacteraemia; and the incidence of bacteraemia appears related to the degree of trauma to the oesophagus.


Clinical, biochemical and histological observations on the effect of porcine calcitonin in Paget's disease of bone. The response to porcine calcitonin has been assessed in 38 patients with Paget's disease, observed during 44 treatment periods of from three to 42 months. In 36 of the treatment courses significant relief of pain was achieved but the contribution of placebo effect could not be determined. Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels reached normal in a few patients, but the grouped data indicated a plateau effect above the range of normal. The acute hypocalcaemic response to calcitonin was lost only in those patients whose bone turnover was restored to normal. Quantitative histology on iliac crest bone biopsy samples showed no statisically significant lowering of osteoclast counts. No antibody-based clinical resistance occurred and the incidence of side effects was low. The results indicate that porcine calcitonin is a useful treatment of Paget's disease, and the experience of the study helps in arriving at patient selection and treatment schedules. Treatment is recommended for bone pain and for active disease in the relatively young, using intermittent therapy with course of at least six months duration. Resumption of therapy is based on clinical and biochemical indications.


Oxygen therapy for pneumatosis coli: a report of two cases and a review. Two patients with incapacitating symptoms from pneumatosis coli were successfully treated with high concentration oxygen (55-70%) inhalation via a Hudson face mask for five days. Symptoms improved dramatically starting on the third treatment day. Continuous restriction in an oxygen tent is unnecessary. This is an effective, simple and safe therapy for pneumatosis coli.


Fatal hepatic coma complicating oxymetholone therapy in multiple myeloma. Two patients with multiple myeloma died in acute liver failure. Both had been treated with the anabolic steroid oxymetholone and both subsequently developed severe cholestatic hepatitis. In one the histological lesion progressed despite cessation of oxymetholone therapy. Myeloma infiltration of the liver and peliosis hepatis were not seen. As a fatal outcome from cholestatic hepatitis due to oxymetholone is rare it is possible that an unknown potentiating factor is present in multiple myeloma that can lead to a fatal outcome. If oxymetholone therapy is to be used in such patients then close clinical and laboratory assessment of liver function should be carried out in an attempt to prevent this unusual and fatal complication.


Endoscopic diagnosis of metastatic disease of the stomach and duodenum. The commonest tumours which metastasise to the upper gastrointestinal tract are from malignant melanoma, carcinoma of the breast  and lung. Over a period of 12 months, three persons with known malignant disease were submitted to endoscopy by reason of upper gastrointestinal symptoms which could have been due to associated non-malignant disease. Two patients had known malignant melanoma and one a carcinoma of the breast. In each instance, endoscopy and biopsy demonstrated evidence of metastatic disease.


Torulopsis glabrata--urinary tract infections in diabetic patients in Singapore. Urinary tract infections result mostly from ascending infection by micro-organisms introduced by way of the  urethra. Bacteria are the usual causative agents. Occasionally, yeasts notably Candida albicans, are involved. Females are more prone to acute infections than males because of shorter urethra and the higher risks of contamination in the females.


Multiple myeloma with massive Bence Jones proteinuria and preservation of renal function. The case history of a patient having multiple myeloma with a remarkably high level of Bence Jones proteinuria (more than 20 g/day) is presented. The patient has responded well to therapy, and at no stage has he shown impairment of renal function as determined by creatinine clearance studies. A review of published reports has shown that such marked Bence Jones proteinuria at presentation is rare and is usually accompanied by renal impairment and a short survival. Additional presentation data from selected patients in the MRC First Myelomatosis Trial is presented. This suggests a higher incidence of marked Bence Jones proteinuria, and underlines the lack of correlation between the quantity excreted and the degree of renal impairment. The mechanisms by which Bence Jones protein may cause renal damage are discussed.


Potassium homeostasis.

Potassium homeostasis. Potassium balance is regulated by appropriate changes in potassium excretion in the distal portion  of the nephron. By contrast, potassium intake, absorption and proximal renal reabsorption do not show regulatory variation. Extracellular potassium concentration, which is a critical factor in membrane polarization, may at times vary in a direction opposite to total body content, because of altered distribution across cell membranes. Alterations in acid-base status frequently disturb homeostasis by altering potassium movement into cells, while insulin has an important regulatory effect on distribution. In general, the multiple renal and extra-renal mechanisms which prevent potassium overload are highly developed,  while conservation is relatively ineffective. Consequently, depletion occurs more easily than spontaneous potassium overload. Homeostasis can be disturbed by renal impairment, excessive tissue breakdown, disturbances of acid-base balance, abnormal routes of loss, mineralocorticoid abnormalities and aberrations of sodium balance.


Epidemiological bases for ambient air quality criteria. Epidemiological information about the health consequences of ambient air pollution is adequate at present to set upper limits so that acute deterioration due to pollution can be prevented in patients with chronic lung disease. However, our knowledge is incomplete with respect to what is a safe chronic background level, particularly with regard to reducing and preventing the amount of chronic respiratory disease presently occurring. This review concentrates exclusively on sulphur dioxide and particulate pollution, although the principles used in setting standards for these two pollutants may be applied to photochemical pollutants such as ozone which may effect the lung. It is only when the dose-effect relationships between pollution and disease are more clearly understood that the benefit of reducing air pollution to improve health can be predicted.


Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium kansasii. Eighteen cases of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium kansasii have been described. Eleven were from Western Australia and seven from Queensland. The symptoms, X-rays and histology of the disease were indistinguishable from those due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the organisms were resistant to streptomycin, para-amino-salicylic (PAS) and isoniazid, but sensitive to ethionamide and cycloserine, and in most cases sensitive to rifampicin and ethambutol. All 18 cases were treated with some form of chemotherapy; three also had surgery.


The role of bradykinin in endotoxic shock of intestinal origin. A relationship was looked for between blood levels of bradykinin and endotoxaemia produced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in the rabbit. The levels of bradykinin were unrelated to and unaltered by the degree of endotoxaemia observed in the systemic and portal circulations. These findings suggest that bradykinin is not responsible for the release of endotoxin from the gut, or the circulatory collapse which follows.


The optimum duration of systemic antibiotic administration in the treatment of experimental peritonitis. The duration of antibiotic therapy for peritonitis is commonly decided on an empirical basis. There is obvious advantage in determining the shortest, yet most effective, period for such drug therapy. This study is a comparison of short-course and long-course antibiotic administration following periotonitis produced by experimental rupture of the rabbit appendix.


Doppler ultrasound in vascular surgery.

Doppler ultrasound in vascular surgery. Doppler ultrasound was first introduced into the study of arterial and venous disorders in 1966. The devices currently used in clinical practice are continous wave systems which, in their simplest form, are pocket-sized units. Instruments with the capability of distinguishing the direction of flow are also available. The signal may be processed for audio use, or an analogue recording can be made of the Doppler frequency shift. The described clinical information will, in large part, dictate the type of equipment used.


An unexplored surgical examination paper.


An overview of cardiac surgery.

An overview of cardiac surgery. The scope of cardiac surgery has extended greatly in the last decade, advances being particularly in the areas of perfusion technology, ischaemic heart disease, and congenital defects in the infant. This paper sets out to summarize accepted current practice in the surgery of the heart and great vessels. Principles have been emphasized at the expense of detail, since the aim has been to present information which might be of interest to surgeons in general. Some aspects which have a special reievance to general surgical practice have been grouped separately for the sake of emphasis.


No end to the ways.

No end to the ways.


Methods and results of mechanical myocardial support. In recent years the development of modern direct techniques for revascularization surgery has resulted in a multitude of critically ill patients undergoing open heart surgery. To deal with the increasing numbers of patients who both require urgent open heart surgery and present with many complicated patterns of disease, a spectrum of cardiac assist measures, ranging from simple pharmacological interventions to mechanical cardiac assist techniques, has been developed. Those temporary mechanical cardiac assist devices which employ the principle of couterpulsation and balloon pummping have met with the most consistent clinical success. We now report our experience and progress in this field since early 19729


The Cowlishaw Collection.

The Cowlishaw Collection.


Arterial counterpulsation in the management of ischaemic heart disease. Arterial counterpulsation is a major advance in the treatment of myocardial ischaemia in association with myocardial infarction. Counterpulsation is based on sound physiological principles and can be expected to limit ischaemia and necrosis when applied within the first 12 to 24 hours of infarction. It has been used in massive infarction with cardiogenic shock, and in threatening infarction. Good results at both ends of a clinical spectrum suggest an important role throughout the spectrum. Studies in progress are attempting to define this role.


Arterial surgery in the seventies.

Arterial surgery in the seventies.


Surgery of the mitral valve: a perspective of twenty-five years.


The results of surgical treatment of coarctation of the thoracic aorta. A retrospective study of the results of surgical treatment in 124 cases of coarctation of the thoracic aorta is presented. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings alone in 90% of cases. Aortography and/or cardiac catheterization were performed if the diagnosis was in doubt or if other cardiac abnormalities were suspected. Surgical treatment involved either resection with end-to-end anastomosis (114) or some form of grafting procedure (10). The results of treatment have been analysed in terms of operative mortality, late mortality, relief of hypertension, and the incidence of re-stenosis.


Reconstruction of vertebral artery stenosis. Eight patients with transient attacks of cerebrovascular insufficiency were treated by reconstruction of an atheromatious stenosis at the origin of a vertebral artery. The technique was relatively simple and safe, and was effective in relieving symptoms. Previous reviews suggest that the symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency tend to be persistent, frequent and distressing, and that they can be a prelude to brain stem infarction. The collateral circulation to the vertebrobasilar system may be restricted by anatomical variations and by disease, particularly affecting the circle of Willis.  Bilateral vertebral artery disease can cause appreciable ischaemia even without associated carotid artery disease. Carotid endarterectomy is not particularly effective in relieving vertebrobasilar symptoms. Vertebral artery reconstruction appears to be the appropriate treatment for vertebrobasilar insufficiency.


Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: a review of 168 cases. One hundred and sixty-eight ruptured aortic aneurysms presenting at the Princess Alexandra Hospital in an 11-year period have been reviewed. Surgical treatment still carries a high mortality and a very high postoperative morbidity. The survival rate in the Vascular Unit of this hospital has improved during the period studied and in the last five years has risen to 61%. The operative technique is described in detail, and the operative problems and complications are discussed. It is felt that prompt surgical treatment, and accurate assessment of blood loss with adequate replacement during surgery, combined with attention to early postoperative problems, particularly those of a respiratory nature, are the most important factors in survival.


Acute mesenteric ischaemia.

Acute mesenteric ischaemia. The experience of acute mesenteric ischaemia at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, has been reviewed over 17 years. The mortality remains appallingly high. This applies particularly to those patients who had thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery, amongst whom the mortality in this series was 97%. The mortality was slightly less in the group suffering from embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (66%), and in those suffering from thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein (60%). A mortality of 66% was also found in patients suffering from non-occlusive gut ischaemia. Delay in diagnosis accounted for this high mortality. Early diagnosis is all-important, and this depends on the performance of mesenteric angiography in any patient suspected of having mesenteric ischaemia. Appropriate surgery may then be carried out in the occlusive group and supportive treatment, including intraarterial papaverine infusion, given to those with non-occlusive ischaemia. There is a pressing need for simple non-invasive tests to segregate those patients suffering from acute mesenteric ischaemia from those whose acute abdomen is due to some other cause.


Claudication of the cauda equina.

Claudication of the cauda equina. The term "claudication of the cauda equina" is examined. It has arisen from semantic errors, and a belief in ischaemia for which there is no scientific evidence. Its use tends to hamper rather than assist the investigation of patients with obscure pain in the lower limb. A preferable alternative term, "atypical sciatica", is suggested.


The incidence of unsuspected peripheral arterial disease amongst surgical patients in Hong Kong. A survey of surgical in-patients in Hong Kong has shown that subclinical peripheral arterial disease caused by atherosclerosis and detected by palpation is not uncommon and is similar in incidence to that reported in European populations. However, only a small proportion of affected patients had any associated symptoms. Reduced or absent ankle and ulnar pulses occurred with the same frequency in our patients as in those in Europe. Cigarette smoking does not appear to be associated with symptomatic arterial disease in the local population in Hong Kong.


Malignant melanoma: some aspects of pathology and prognosis. This is a report on the periods of survival, and the factors that influence survival, in a series of 509 patients treated for malignant melanoma in the Peter MacCallum clinic, Melbourne. Not the least of these factors is education of the public and the medical profession in its early recognition, which has greatly improved the prognosis. In this context, it is also firmly believed that whenever possible, one clinician only should be responsible for the total surgical management of any suffering from this disease.


Liver scanning in patients with colorectal carcinoma.


Perforated peptic ulcer: an analysis of 246 cases. An analysis of 246 cases of perforated peptic ulcer, treated at the Royal Newcastle Hospital from 1964 to 1974, is presented. The incidence has fallen considerably over that period. The rising proportion of women has reached a plateau. A perforated peptic ulcer in an Australian women is still just as likely to be located in the stomach as in the duodenum. In men, however, 84% of perforations are pyloroduodenal. A perforated gastric ulcer is closely associated with the use of salicylate preparations. The mortality rate has remained steady at 15% over the last 30 years. It is significantly higher in women. There is a highly significant relationship between the mortality and (a) the duration of perforation; and (b) the size of the perforation, particularly if it is located in the stomach.


Strangulated para-ileostomy hernia.

Strangulated para-ileostomy hernia. Para-ileostomy hernia is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction following ileostomy. Two cases are reported that demonstrate the difficulty in diagnosis and the high morbidity associated with this condition. Early recognition and repair of the uncomplicated and strangulated hernia are recommended.


Acute pancreatitis associated with gallstones in a twelve-year-old girl. Pancreatitis is a rare disease under the age of 15 years, and expecially so when associated with gallstones. A case is reported here of a young girl who had acute pancreatitis and was subsequently found to have gallstones. She made an uneventful recovery and remains symptom-free after cholecystectomy.


Mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of thoracic disease. One hundred and forty-one patients have undergone mediastinoscopy in the Hong Kong University Surgical Unit since March 1974. Among these there were 109 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. In approximately 50% of these patients the carcinoma had already spreed to involve the mediastinal lymph nodes at the time of examination. Mediastinoscopy may be the only source of positive histological proof of the diagnosis in bronchogenic carcinoma as well as in other types of intrathoracic disease such as tuberculosis. We believe that mediastinoscopy reduces the number of unnecessary exploratory thoracotomies.


Low thoracic duct ligation for postoperative chylous effusions in infants and children. Three patients aged from three months to six years underwent thoracic duct ligation at the level of the diaphragm for chylothorax which occurred following cardiac operations. Another three-month-old patient underwent thoracic duct ligation for massive postoperative chylopericardium. Indications for operation were a large recurrent chyle accumulation or prolonged chyle drainage. Operative ductograms to deliniate the cisterna chyli and to exclude the presence of multiple lymph channels were performed in three patients. Excellent postoperative results were obtained in all patients for periods of up to two years. Low thoracic dust ligation is a reliable means of control of postoperative chylothorax and lengthy persistence with conservative treatment is no longer necessary.


Mother is a bad word: the rights of children in law in two custody cases.


The psychiatry of the first Pacific peoples.


The Aboriginal Family Voluntary Resettlement Scheme: an approach to aboriginal adaptation.


The straighteners.

The straighteners.


Psychosocial factors and myocardial infarction. Two questionnaires totalling 370 questions were used to compare 61 male patients who had survived a first myocardial infarction with a group controlled for age and social status who had not had an infarction. The questionnaires included the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, providing a measure of 15 personality variables, the Anxiety and Depression Sub-Scales of the MMPI, and the Cochrane and Robertson Life Events Inventory, as well as originally-designed questions based on known risk factors. Significant differences were found in several dimensions of personality as well as in the family histories of myocardial infarction and in certain life styles. The patient group showed a greater sense of independence, greater difficulty in relaxing, and a sence of personal inferiority. Suggestions are offered for the modification of life styles in susceptible individuals as a possible aid to prevention.


A case of male childhood transsexualism and its management. The syndrome of male childhood transsexualism is described and the case history of a six year old boy is reported. Treatment strategies are explained in detail and the results of ongoing therapy over an 18 month period are presented.


Hyperlipoproteinemic types among Puerto Ricans: a final report.


The safety of percutaneous arteriography: indications, techniques and results.


Coronary artery aneurysm: case report with review of literature.


Alcohol, drug, tobacco and sniffing practices among Swedish schoolchildren 1971-1974.


The use of apomorphine in the treatment of alcoholism and other addictions: results of a general practitioner.


Drug use and four kinds of novelty-seeking.


Some personality characteristics of groups of young drug misusers and delinquents.


Values associated with marijuana use among college students.


Marijuana use among Calgary youths as a function of sampling and locus of control.


The use of diphenoxylate hydrochloride (Lomotil) in the management of the minor withdrawal syndrome during methadone detoxification: a clinical report.


Dental plaque and its control. Part II. The effects of plaque on the teeth and gums.


Family surrogates? The drug culture or the methadone maintenance program.


MMPI and Pyp prediction compared to base rate prediction of six-month behavioral outcome for methadone patients.


Towards a three-process learning theory of alcoholism.


Changes in granulopoiesis detected by in vitro colony formation in acute lymphatic leukaemia. Patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) could be divided into two groups at diagnosis--those whose peripheral blood and/or bone marrow exhibited in vitro colony formation and those in whom it did not, but this finding did not appear to correlate with any clinical or haematological parameter, or with prognosis. The colonly-forming potential of patients with ALL in their first full remission, early relapse or second remission did not deviate significantly from previously established normal values, but the colony-forming potential of patients in early remission was very significantly reduced. No loss of colony-forming potential of normal marrow cells was noted when they were cultured with cells from patients with ALL.


Analysis of treatment in childhood leukaemia. III. Independence of lymphopenia induced by irradiation and by chemotherapy. Lymphopenia induced by treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is analysed and discussed in relation to the type and incidence of infection occurring in those patients during complete remission. Blood lymphocytes can be placed into three largely independent groups: (1) those lymphocytes susceptible to long-term depletion following irradiation; (2) those lost from the blood during and for a short period after maintenance chemotherapy with methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine; and (3) the remainder which are not depleted by irradiation or maintenance chemotherapy. The number of cells in each compartment varies from child to child and probably with age but on average is about 1.2 x 10(9)/1. for group 1, 0.7 x 10(9)/1. for group 2 and 0.4 x 10(9)/1. for group 3. Conventional lymphocyte typing crosses these barriers in that: Group 1 consists mainly of E-rosetting cells and cells which show a mitotic response to phytohaemagglutinin; Group 2 also contains E-rosetting cells but contains a major proportion of blood lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin and essentially all antibody dependent cytotoxic lymphocyte (K-cell) activity; Group 3 comprises E-rosetting cells and a few immunoglobulin-staining cells.


Dose response and time course effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on disruption of rat shuttlebox avoidance. N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) was given (ip) in different doses (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/kg) in a randomized order to a group of ten rats (Fisher 344/Mai) who were trained to a high, stable base line of conditioned avoidance responding in the shuttlebox. DMT produced dose-dependent disruptive effects, as a sigmoid function, with 1.0 mg/kg the minimal dose causing disruption and progressively more disruption with increasing doses, reaching a plateau at the highest dose. The disruptive effects were time-related, with onset and peak 8 min after injection, gradual decline thereafter, and disappearance by about 25-30 min. Both the threshold dose and time course for the disruptive effects correspond closely to what has been previously reported for DMT's psychological effects in humans.


Chronic granulocytic leukemia: cytogenetic conversion of the bone marrow with cycle-specific chemotherapy. Sixteen patients with Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemic (CGL) were entered on a pulsing chemotherapy program consisting of cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/sq m/day X 5 and thioguanine 100 mq/sq m/day X 5 every 21 days in an attempt to convert the Ph1-positive marrow to a Ph1-negative state and thereby achieve a complete remission. Twelve patients had an adequate trail of drug treatment, and ten of these had adequate chromosome examinations. There were two "conversions," one of which was maintained for 5+ mo, while the other was transient. The program was unacceptable, however, to most patients due to intolerable nausea and vomiting. Thus a prospective chemotherapeutic attempt to convert a Ph1-positive marrow without splenectomy has induced a conversion in two of ten patients. Other regimens which might induce less nausea and vomiting and a higher rate of conversions should be sought in future attempts to alter the invariably fatal outcome of CGL.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in persons over the age of 30 yr in the middle east.


A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia with Ph1 chromosome showing translocation 9q+;22q-. Cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow and peripheral blood with the quinacrine fluorescence banding technique in a patient with the clinical diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia revealed the Philadelphia chromosome due to a translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9. He had been exposed to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, and some hours after the exposure he wandered into the hypocenter.


Divergent patterns of marrow cell suspension culture growth in the myeloid leukemias: correlation of in vitro findings with clinical features. Cellular recovery, maturation, and colony-forming cell (CFC) generation patterns of bone marrow cells from 23 patients with acute, subacute, and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML, SML, and CML) were studied using liquid and agar culture techniques. Increased recovery of proliferative myeloid cells from liquid culture was noted in 6 of 8 AML patients at diagnosis or relapse and 5 of 7 untreated SML patients. Patients with either AML or SML with rapid clinical progression exhibited greater recovery of cells in vitro with less maturation than patients with more stable disease. Studies from 3 patients with CML showed normal to increased cellular recovery with normal maturation. Three of 4 studies of AML patients followed sequentially in apparent remission, but with impending relapse, exhibited increased numbers of myeloblasts and promyelocytes, whereas 28 of 32 studies performed during stable remission were normal. The normally observed increase in CFC during liquid culture was absent in most leukemic marrow samples studied (3 of 4 AML, 4 of 6 SML, and 2 of 3 CML). Persistent low recovery of CFC during AML remission was associated in 3 patients with short remission duration. These studies indicated the potential utility of these techniques for the clinical evaluation of patients with myeloid leukemia and for studying factors involved in the progression of these diseases.


Medical educators and community physicians: parallel roads in search of an interchange.


The new primary-care physician.

The new primary-care physician.


The role on family practice and continuing education.


The medical school and the surrounding community: discussion.


What the federal government expects.

What the federal government expects.


The primary responsibilities of the medical schools.


Colony-forming cells and myeloblasts in chronic granulocytic leukaemia.


Leukaemia in children.

Leukaemia in children.


Everyday psychology. How you or your patients answer the question "How are you?" says more than you may think.


So you want to own your own dental building!


Recall. Good recall is necessary for a growing practice and dental health.


HLA linked resistance factors and survival in acute myelogenous leukemia. The concept that HLA-linked immune response genes may influence survival of patients with malignant disease has been investigated by performing HLA typing on a series of 150 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Patients with A1 and B8 and/or A2 and B12 survival longer than patients without either of these pairs of antigens in association. However, after correction of the statistical probability for the number of A and B locus combinations theoretically possible, these differences are not statistically significant. Clarification of this must await independent analysis of other series and more direct approaches to the study of immune response genes in man.


Phytohemagglutinin skin tests in cancer patients. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulates blastic transformation of normal lymphocytes in vitro and when injected intradermally produces a skin response histologically similar to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. We investigated the skin test responses to PHA, mumps, candida, and varidase (SK-SD) and the PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in patients with malignant neoplasms. Increased incidence of anergy to recall antigens and unresponsiveness to PHA skin testing was observed in patients with lymphoreticular malignancies but not in those with solid tumors. There was a direct correlation between skin test reactivity to at least one recall antigen and/or PHA and survival in lymphoma patients. This was true of both short and long terms survival in Hodgkin's disease and of survival at least through 42 months in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with PHA did not correlate with PHA skin test reactivity. We conclude that PHA skin testing is a useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with lymphoreticular malignancies.


Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following aggressive management of extensive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The adult respiratory distress syndrome occurred during aggressive therapy of extensive acute leukemia. The pathogenic mechanisms involved includes development of disseminated intravascular coagulation probably initiated by tissue factors from necrotic leukemic cells following chemotherapy. Awareness of the possibility of the complication is stressed.


Actinomycin D in the treatment of metastatic osteogenic sarcoma.


Phase I study of high-dose cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) with forced diuresis. Twenty-six patients including 11 with metastatic melanoma received cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) at a dose of either 1 mg/kg or 60 mg/m2 given with intensive diuresis over a 6-hour period. This dose was administered twice weekly for the first three to eight courses and then at q3wk intervals. Eighteen patients received the dose schedule of 1 mg/kg and six patients received 60 mg/m2. A complete response was seen in one of four testicular tumors lasting for 6 months; partial responses were seen in three of 11 metastatic melanomas for 1, 1, and 2 months respectively, one of two osteogenic sarcomas for 4 months, one of one multiple myeloma for 2 months, and one of four testicular tumors for 1 month. A transient drop in creatinine clearance to 50%-75% of the baseline level was observed in 21% of the patients. Cytotoxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) are probably enhanced by this dose schedule as indicated by the consistent, moderate hematologic toxicity. Renal toxicity is ameliorated.


Potenial hazards of nitrous oxide deaths common.


Statement on National Health Service Corps.


Smile.

Smile.


Accuracy of blood volume estimations in critically ill children using 125I-labelled albumin and 51Cr-labelled red cells. Blood volume was estimated using 51chromium labelled red cells and 125iodinated human serum albumin in 5 children with sepsis, in 6 burned children and 7 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Studies of the equilibration pattern demonstrated that the mixing time of labelled red cells was prolonged to 40 minutes or more in 5 children, indicating the existence of slowly circulating red cells. Mixing of labelled albumin was complete within 10 minutes in 15 patients and within 20 minutes in all the children studied. In a burned patient with severe sepsis, exchange transfusion improved the clinical state and normalized the equilibration pattern of labelled red cells. The mean body/venous haematocrit ratio was 0.893+/-0.018 (SD) in the children with sepsis, 0.859+/-0.052 in the burned patients, and 0.916+/-0.078 in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, increasing with spleen size in the latter group.


Psychological aspects of pain control.

Psychological aspects of pain control.


Naloxone.

Naloxone.


Pentazocine.

Pentazocine.


Fentanyl.

Fentanyl.


Dental anesthesia and sedation.

Dental anesthesia and sedation.


Cardiac complications in the dental surgery.


Pollution.

Pollution.


Case history from the files of the 'Complications Committee' and with the permission of the practitioner.


Setting priorities.

Setting priorities.


The assistant's role on the dental health team. Present--future.


Congenital syphilis.

Congenital syphilis.


Saliva control with cotton rolls.

Saliva control with cotton rolls.


From the office of the executive director: where does the money go?


Editorial.

Editorial.


An interview with ADAA President Helen Tuchner.


Why editors turn gray.

Why editors turn gray.


How to interview the dentist employer.

How to interview the dentist employer.


Editorial: danger lurks in the medicine bottle.


Endo aid.

Endo aid.


ConCEP--a consortium for regional continuing dental education.


WDS service agreement.

WDS service agreement.


Dental population.

Dental population.


Use of composite resin to reattach badly carious teeth to a nonparallel horizontal pin splint.


The time for office sedation has arrived.


Avoid drug rip-offs.

Avoid drug rip-offs.


Dental rehabilitation of a trauma patient.


Age determination in a Scottish population using the Scandinavian formulae.


Development of chronic granulocytic leukemia in a patient treated with pyrimethamine.


Does influenza and contact with malignant neoplasia predispose to leukaemia?


Juxtacortical (parosteal) osteogenic sarcoma: histological grading and prognosis. In twenty-four cases of juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma, three histological grades of malignancy were identified and correlated with the prognosis. The eighteen patients with Grade-I or II tumors had a significantly better prognosis than the six with Grade-III lesions. The three grades could not be distinguished roentgenographically. Grade I and II tumors, which showed a high cure rate after amputation, may be amenable to en block resection, provided the entire tumor can be removed with a good margin of uninvolved soft tissue and underlying bone. Grade-III tumors, on the other hand, had a poor prognosis despite early radical surgery.


Operator errors in endometric endodontia.


[Treatment of a horizontal mid-root fracture: a report of a case].


Misuse of topically applied fluorides.

Misuse of topically applied fluorides.


A disappearing periapical radiolucency.

A disappearing periapical radiolucency.


A sodium fluoride mouthrinse program for Florida schools.


Enamel solubility studies with a fluoride-containing prophylactic cup.


The problem of the open apex--a new approach. Oxidised regenerated cellulose technique.


Clinical fluoride therapy--a plea for continuing evaluations.


Huffing, puffing and tugging.

Huffing, puffing and tugging.


Informed consent.

Informed consent.


Modifications of a new semi-adjustable articulator for use with a caliper style ear face-bow.


What's the magic number?

What's the magic number?


Joe average dentist.

Joe average dentist.


The editor's corner.

The editor's corner.


Technique recommendations to achieve proper root alignment of mandibular incisors.


Mercury dissemination during amalgam trituration.


Arbitration.

Arbitration.


We'er being systematized.

We'er being systematized.


JCO/interviews Dr. Anthony A. Gianelly on statistics.


It can happen to you. Part I.

It can happen to you. Part I.


Critique: it can happen to you. Part I.

Critique: it can happen to you. Part I.


The mute dentist. Transforming dentistry's noncommunicator.


Continuing dental education: how valuable is it?


An introduction to management communication.


JCO/interviews Dr. David G. Bojrab, Dr. James E. Dumas, Dr. Don E. Lahrman on surgical-orthodontics.


When S-N is abnormal.

When S-N is abnormal.


It can happen to you. Part 2.

It can happen to you. Part 2.


Critique: it can happen to you. Part 2. Complacency--a synonym for trouble.


Victim identification in the Big Thompson flood.


Diagnostic dentistry--curriculum and clinical services at the University of Colorado School of Dentistry.


Relax your patients with words.

Relax your patients with words.


Report on illegal dentistry.

Report on illegal dentistry.


The economics of dental care delivery.

The economics of dental care delivery.


Medical emergencies in the dental office.


Gastric pathology and feeding deficits induced by hypothalamic damage in rats: effects of lesion type, size, and placement. Three doses each of cathodal or anodal direct current were delivered to coagulate lateral hypothalamic tissue bilaterally in rats. Increases in hypothalamic tissue damage were associated with more instances of aphagia, greater amounts of glandular, but not rumenal, gastric pathology, and greater weight loss. Both anodal and cathodal lesions produced aphagia and similar amounts of gastric pathology, but anodal lesions also appeared to facilitate weight loss independently of the tissue damage. Extensive chromatolysis surrounding anodal lesion cavities may be importantly related to the postoperative effects. In additional experiments, anodal electrolytic lesions or cortical suction ablations were used to vary the location of neural damage. Fedding deficits and gastric pathology resulted from the destruction of several brain areas. In particular, eating of dry food in the presence of high gastric pathology was observed in rats with lesions ventral and medial to an area in the dorsolateral hypothalamus that was associated with aphagia. When aphagia was accompained by severe gastric pathology, the brain lesions typically encroached extensively on more ventromedial areas. Moreover, aphagia sometimes was observed with only negligible gastric pathology. It is suggested that gastric pathology is not primary to the expression of the aphagia that follows lateral hypothalamic damage.


Maxillary orthognathic surgical procedures.


Diagnosis and the treatment planning of the orthognathic patient.


Segmental osteotomy procedures.

Segmental osteotomy procedures.


Impactions: should you bother them if they don't bother you?


Mandibular asymmetry: report of an unusual case and the surgical management.


Oral surgery panel discussion February 5, 1977.


Danger lurks in the medicine bottle.

Danger lurks in the medicine bottle.


Rib augmentation for treatment of mandibular atrophy.


Recognition and management of the battered child syndrome.


The Medicines Control Council.

The Medicines Control Council.


Children's response to sequential dental visits. Behavioral, self-report, and physiological measures were used to study the response of young children to their initial series of dental visits. Their negative response increased from the examination visit through the third treatment visit, then decreased during the fourth treatment visit and the polish visit. Initially, dental experience appeared to sensitize the child to dental procedures. Experience may also allow the child to accurately distinguish bet ween stressful and nonstressful procedures.


Measuring treatment and scale bias effects by linear regression in the analysis of OHI-S scores. A linear regression model is presented for estimating unbiased treatment effects from OHI-S scores. An example is given to illustrate an analysis and to compare results of an unbiased regression estimator with those based on a biased simple difference estimator.


Enamel surface treated with zinc polyacrylate dental cement. The surface of tooth enamel that had been left in touch with the liquid or the mix of a zinc polyacrylate dental cement was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Both treatments produced lesions on the enamel and were represented by unevenly distributed microcavities of varying extension. Topically applied SnF2 did not modify the aspect of the treated surface.


Fabrication and characterization of porous-rooted cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy dental implants. A gravity sintering fabrication technique has been developed for producing Co-Cr-Mo alloy dental implants having a porous coating on the root portion. This process allows for control of pore structure enabling ingrowth of either bone or fibrous tissue. The microstructure and mechanical properties of these materials have been determined.


Marginal failure of amalgam class II restoration. Analysis of stresses in a bicuspid with an amalgam Class II restoration was carried out with the finite element method. When stresses were known, creep in the margin of the restoration was calculated. If the buccal cusp was loaded, the maximum compressive stresses were found in the buccal part of the restoration.


Recrystallization of compacted gold foil specimens. Gold foil specimens were compacted by a technique commonly used in preparing dental restorations. Their recrystallization behavior for temperatures between 100 and 300 C was followed by the associated decrease in hardness, discontinuous increase in grain size, and disappearance of X-ray line broadening. The empirical dependence of time, t, (in minutes) for 50% recrystallization on annealing temperature (in K), T, is approximately log10 t=-12.3+6.5X1,000/T, indicating a recrystallization time greater than 100 years.


Enamel hypoplasia in relation to caries in Guatemalan children. Guatemalan children with anterior linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) had a significantly greater caries experience in posterior dentition than their peers who did not have anterior LEH. The findings suggest that the synergistic mechanism of undernutrition and infection, which may underlie the occurrence of anterior LEH, may also predispose clinically normal appearing deciduous molars to an excessive caries attack equal to that observed in the grossly hypoplastic anterior teeth. The nutritional implications merit further investigation.


Morphology and incidence of torus palantinus and mandibularis in Brazilian indians. The incidence and morphology of torus platinus and mandibularis was verified in 200 Indians, residents of two Brazilian Indian Reserves in São Paulo State, Brazil. A low incidence of both types of exostoses was observed, with torus palatinus occurring more frequently than mandibularis. These structures did not occur in individuals less than 10 years of age. Flattened torus palatinus predominated in relation to the other forms.


Secretion of drugs by the parotid glands of rats and human beings. The following drugs have been demonstrated to be secreted by the parotid glands of rats and human beings: amobarbital, chlorpromazine, codeine, glutethimide, meprobamate, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital. Methadone could not be detected in the parotid saliva of either rats or human beings, and morphine has been demonstrated only in parotid saliva of rats.


Influence of growth hormone and thyroxine on endochondral osteogenesis in the mandibular condyle and proximal tibial epiphysis. Interrelationships of growth hormone and thyroxine effects on endochondral osteogenesis have been investigated. Evidence is offered that thyroxine augments the effect of growth hormone on the mandibular condyle just as at other osteogenetic centers, for example proximal tibial epiphysis in hypophysectomized rats. This contrasts with previous reports of a unique thyroxine antagonism to the effect of growth hormone on condylar development. In a further study on tibial epiphysis, special attention was given to assure absence of the endogenous thyroid hormone by adding thyroidectomy to hypophysectomy and reducing the possibility of thyroteopin residues in growth hormone. By histochemical tests, the responses of both calcified and noncalcified regions of the epiphyseal cartilage plate were measured. Graded growth hormone doses stimulated graded response in a noncalcified region. Thyroxine augmented this response eightfold. The width of the calcified region of the plate did not vary with treatment.


Unusual dissolution behavior of tooth enamel and synthetic HAP crystals under high partial saturation conditions. The dissolution behavior of enamel and synthetic hydroxyapatite in acidic media possessing a high degree of partial saturation was found to be neither simple surface dissolution nor linear with time. Instead, a repetitive, stepwise dissolution pattern was observed. To explain this phenomenon, a model based upon a hypothesis that the crystals dissolve in a synchronized fashion was proposed.


Quantitative study of enamel dissolution under conditions of controlled hydrodynamics. A rotating disk method has been used to study the dissolution of bovine enamel. A diffusion model adequately describes the reaction for a wide range of conditions, and the rate is also hydrogen ion dependent. The solubility product of bovine enamel, 5.9 +/- 1.8 X 10(-59) moles9 1(-9) at 25 C is derived by a method that minimizes the possibility of phase changes.


Periodontal sensory innervation of the dentition of the Japanese shrew mole. The neurohistological investigation of the periodontal sensory innervation in the whole dentition of the Japanese shrew mole showed that the periodontium is much more densely supplied by the free nerve endings at the apical region than at the intermediate one at a ratio of about 8:1 in the upper dentition and 5:1 in the lower dentition. The interdental gingival tissue is innervated by the nerve plexus formed by the nerve fibers deriving mostly from the gingival and a few periodontal nerve fibers. The neurohistology of the tooth is analogous to that of the vibrissa.


Reaction of component recovered from cementum exposed to periodontal pocket with human serum.


Liver crude phospholipid and in vitro calcification.


Lack of effect of topical calcitonin on connective tissue.


Correlations between tooth dimensions of man and apes.


Modified in vivo replica technique for scanning electron microscopy.


Pattern of wear in posterior composite restorations.


Gingivitis and eosinophils.

Gingivitis and eosinophils.


Faculty evaluation: review of the literature most pertinent to dental education. Each dental school will fashion its own faculty evaluation system. The results will be a network of activities related to such questions as these: What are valid sources of information? Which aspects of instructors' responsibilities are most significant? Which questions need answers? How should the system be operated? This review has focused on what is currently being discussed and attempted in each of these critical areas. Faculty evaluation takes place in an essentially political context, and dental educators are now awakening to the political forces at work in the profession. Faculty evaluation is also a scientific process, or at least one capable of being greatly improved by rigorous, empirical study, which has yet to be performed. Finally, the exact form of faculty evaluation developed at each school will likely be unique, since it will depend on the institution's resources, size, funding base, academic affiliation, and the personal preferences of concerned individuals. The degree of success or failure of an evaluation system will depend on how the chosen combination of purposes, sources, objects of evaluation, and implementation strategy serves the needs of the school and its personnel.


Essential features of a faculty evaluation program. A faculty evaluation system should be developed by cooperation between evaluation specialists and dental faculty. The system should depend on a broad spectrum of data collected from a variety of sources in order to reduce personal bias and subjective judgments concerning the performance of all faculty members. Its primary purpose should be to help faculty improve and to this end should be linked to both a faculty development program and a reward system. The criteria for each faculty member's evaluation should be clearly specified in advance and be directly linked to his duties. Department and college goals must be considered as well as the individual faculty member's own interests. Standards or criteria for both rewards and sanctions should be clearly defined, and guidelines for the operation of the system should be given to each participant. The system itself should not cost more than the benefits derived from it justify, and adequate resources should be allocated to make the system effective.


Faculty behavior: appraisal and rewards. Faculty A & R systems arrange contingencies of reinforcement (relationships between faculty performance and institutional rewards) which powerfully influence faculty behavior. By and large, the current contingencies influencing teaching performance are defectiive. A frequent result is mediocre instruction and ready diversion of faculty effort to activities controlled by better contingencies. The major obstacles to productive appraisal and reward of teaching are the criterion problem and the inability or reluctance to arrange potent A & R contigencies to influence faculty behavior. Recent developments in behavioral science and instructional technology promise significant help in overcoming both obstacles. An example has been provided. Virtues and difficulties in the proposed procedure have been discussed.


The role of the dean in the evaluation process.


The role of the department chairman in faculty evaluation.


Faculty evaluation at the University of Florida.


Faculty evaluation at the University of Iowa.


Faculty evaluation at the University of Kentucky. Faculty at the University of Kentucky College of  Dentistry are now evaluated through the use of a negotiated Distribution of Effort Agreement. This document, negotiated at the beginning of each academic year, must satisfy both department objectives and the professional and personal requirements of the individual faculty member. It may be modified during the year if both the faculty member and his department chairman agree to the change. This document states work objectives for the year similar to learning objectives in a course. At the end of the year, each faculty member is evaluated on how well he has met his individual objectives. Information relevant to teaching, university service, and student service is gathered by college administrators and forwarded to department chairmen. Together with information on research accomplishment, these data are used by the chairman in the evaluation of each faculty member. The college has clearly charged department chairmen with the direct responsibility for faculty evaluation. The Appointments, Promotions, and Tenure Committee also plays a role in faculty development and evaluation by recommending to the dean ways of improving individual faculty performance.


Faculty evaluation at the Univeristy of Nebraska.


Faculty evaluation at the University of Southern California.


Faculty evaluation: feedback and goal setting at the department level.


Comments on "a curriculum for primary care dentistry".


Council on Dental Education guidelines for teaching orthodontics at the predoctoral level: a commentary.


Accountability in higher education.

Accountability in higher education.


Accountability and responsibility of the dental school within the university.


Dental education's responsibility and accountability.


The professional objectives of canadian dental students. Data from a 1971 national study of Canadian dental education are used as a basis for examining the relative importance which dental students and faculty place on the professional objectives of economic gain and service. Students (N = 1,247) were asked to rank a set of career attributes in terms of their importance both for themselves and for other students. Dental school faculty (N = 510) were asked to assess whether students under emphasized or overemphasized a group of 16 parallel objectives. The results indicate substantial variations between the professional objectives of individual students, those ascribed to others by students, and the faculty's perception of student objectives.


Changes in role perceptions by first-year dental students. Dental education combines the learning of technical skills with the professional role of health care provider. The investigation compared first-year dental students perception of themselves, dental practitioners, dental school upper-class students, and patients. The study indicated that first-year students are more likely to identify with upper-class students than with dental practitioners. They also tended to see themselves as clearly different from dental patients. It is suggested that dental educators should recognize this fact in order to avoid the depersonalization of dental care delivery.


A teaching program in the sociopolitical determinants of health care.


[Aphthae; a review of etiology, clinical varieties and treatment].


[Composite filling materials].

[Composite filling materials].


The association of Ga-67 and lactoferrin. Activity was seen in the breasts of a patient with galactorrhea 72 h after intravenous injection of Ga-67 citrate. Differential protein separation of breast secretion, extracted from the breast, revealed that the Ga-67 was contained primarily in the lactoferrin-rich protein fraction. Additional studies on partially purified lactoferrin revealed that lactoferrin binds Ga-67 more avidly than does transferrin. Since lactoferrin is present in high concentration non only in human colostrum and milk, but also in neutrophilic leukocytes, bone marrow, spleen, colon, tears, and in genital, salivary, and nasopharyngeal secretions, binding of Ga-67 to lactoferrin may explain the localization of Ga-67 in certain normal tissues and inflammatory lesions.


Report from the John H. Mosteller Campaign Fund.


The prevention and treatment of osteoradionecrosis.


Bank billing system--a re-evaluation.

Bank billing system--a re-evaluation.


In memorium: John McNeill Arnold, Sr., D.M.D.


Cancer and anorexia.

Cancer and anorexia.


President's message.

President's message.


Four schools change to four-year program.


Editorial. ADA to combat illegal dentistry.


Posterior gemination - case report.

Posterior gemination - case report.


Extra-skeletal soft tissue sarcoma.

Extra-skeletal soft tissue sarcoma.


Multiple threat: second primary malignancies in patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with radiation and chemotherapy.


Renal handling of endogenous lysozyme in man.


Study of platelet aggregation in vivo: II. Effect of bencyclan on circulating metastatic tumor cells. Circulation time of isotope labeled ascites tumor cells was measured after intravenous injection into mice. Circulation time was approximately doubled by pretreatment with the platelet aggregation inhibitor compound bencyclan.


Vascular permeability and other factors in the modulation of the inflammatory response.


Antipyrine metabolism and bronchogenic carcinoma. Studies in animals indicate that tumor-bearing is associated with inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism. Our purpose was to determine the influence of a tumor on drug metabolism in man. The plasma clearance of antipyrine reflects the rate of its metabolism by the liver. Antipyrine clearance was measured in 7 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and in 13 normal subjects and 7 patients with chronic lund disease. Mean (+/- SD) antipyrine clearance rates were 2.98 +/- 0.68 1/hr, 2.14 +/- 0.69 1/hr and 2.02 +/- 0.67 1/hr, respectively; indicating that bronchogenic carcinoma is associated with rapid, rather than slow, antipyrine metabolism. Antipyrine clearance (mean +/- SD) in 8 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and evidence of liver metastases was 2.17 +/- 0.75 1/hr indicating that liver involvement by tumor decreased antipyrine clearance.


Discussion of vascular permeability and other factors in the modulation of the inflammatory response.


Chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation.


Correlation of the inflammatory response with immunological and clinical events.


Internal root resorption: report of case with scanning electron microscopic study.


Accidental extraction and replantation of an immature permanent tooth.


Statement to the New York Assembly Committee on Higher Education re: Bill S.4558, A.6847.


Statement of the New York State Assembly Committee on Higher Education re: Bill S.4558, A9847.


Statement to the New York State Assembly Committee on Higher Education re: Bill S.4558, A.6847.


Statement before the New York State Assembly Committee on Higher Education re: Bill S.4558, A.6847.


Statement of the New York State Nurses Association to the New York State Assembly Committee on Higher Education re: Bill S.4558, A.6847.


How much is it worth?

How much is it worth?


Hemophilic pseudotumors of the mandible. Three patients with hemophilic pseudotumors of the mandible were described and the treatment of the lesions was discussed. Surgical intervention, accompanied by adequate clotting factor replacement, was used in all three cases with satisfactory results. Pseudotumors of the jaws are a rare but serious complication of hemophilia. The cause of the mandibular lesion can be intraosseous hemorrhage, soft tissue hemorrhage with periosteal stripping and subperiosteal hematoma formation, or a combination of these factors. Surgical management with adequate replacement of clotting factor and the use of EACA is an effective method of treatment.


Shock due to odontogenic infection: report of case.


Maxillary resection for odontogenic myxoma: report of case. A brief overview of the literature and a report of a resection of an odontogenic myxoma involving the right maxillary sinus are presented. We believe that a lesser surgical procedure might have compromised the patient's health by possible further surgical procedures with a resulting greater facial deformity or morbidity. Through careful evaluation and planning, problems of management were minimized.


Mandibular hypoplasia secondary to perinatal trauma: report of case. A case of unilateral mandibular hypoplasia is presented. Considerations regarding a differential diagnosis of hemifacial microsomia or traumatically induced ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint are discussed. Although the described malformations might suggest a diagnosis of hemifacial microsomia, the history and clinical findings tend to support the conclusion that the asymmetry was caused by damage to the temporomandibular joint at an early age.


Transantral maxillary neurectomy for intractable neuralgia. A case of atypical facial pain over the distribution of the maxillary nerve (V2) has been presented as well as its treatment. The maxillary nerve section using the dissecting microscope is a relatively new procedure with potential to become an accepted treatment of intractable V2 neuralgia. A brief review of possible complications of the procedure was presented.


Epidermoid implantation cyst of the lower lip: report of case. Epidermoid implantation cysts are relatively rare lesions of the oral region. A lesion occurring in the lower lip of a 21-year-old man is reported. In the pathogenesis of these lesions, trauma is usually the precipitating factor. Treatment is surgical and histopathologic examination will give the final diagnosis.


Epidermoid (implantation) cyst after temporomandibular joint surgery. A case has been reported of an epidermoid inclusion cyst of traumatic origin in the temporomandibular joint region. The cause was attributed to previous surgery.


Leiomyosarcoma of the floor of the mouth: review of the literature and report of case.


A dynamic dressing for extraoral wounds.


Unusual form of tuberculosis of lips.

Unusual form of tuberculosis of lips.


Bilateral reductions of articular eminence for chronic dislocation: review of eight cases. Eight cases of chronic dislocation treated by bilateral reductions of the articular eminence have been reviewed. The technique has been found useful when indicated. Good surgical technique with meticulous attention to detail is required. The entire eminence must be removed and the surface left smooth. As with any TMJ disorder or surgery, concomitant local and systemic problems are common and must be considered in preoperative and postoperative evaluations. Patients should be observed for at least two years after surgery for recurrence of any TMJ disorder.


Defense of MD option.

Defense of MD option.


Osteomyelitis of the mandible in sickle cell anemia.


Scuba diving can be a pain.

Scuba diving can be a pain.


Unintentional elimination of dental degree.


Partnership for continuing education: an opportunity.


Exposure to anesthetic waste gas in oral surgery. Exposure to nitrous oxide and halothane during oral surgery was monitored using a Miran infrared analyzer. A "typical" time-weighted analysis exposure was established for the surgeon, assistant, and anesthetist. Values for halothane ranged from 7.5 to 59 ppm, and for nitrous oxide, from 280 to 90,000 ppm.


Advancement genioplasty: a retrospective cephalometric analysis of osseous and soft tissue changes. Serial cephalometric evaluations were made of 15 patients a year after advancement genioplasty to assess skeletal changes, to relate these changes to net soft tissue profile change, and to develop predictive criteria for treatment planning. Coefficients of variance of regression equations, which incorporated selected independent variables, indicated that the variables, interval of time until follow-up records, and the extent of postsurgical horizontal resorption contributed only slightly to the observed variance in prominence of the soft tissue chin. For purposes of prediction, a ratio of 4:3 is recommended for the surgical horizontal advancement of the symphysis versus the net horizontal change in soft tissue chin point.


Applicants' opinions about the selection process for oral surgery programs. A survey of applicants to oral surgery graduate programs was distributed to 170 candidates requesting application forms from the University of Kentucky. Eighty-five applicants responded. The average candidate was approximately 28 years old, married, and attended dental school in the southeast or midwest. He applied to ten programs and viewed a personal interview as an important part of the application process. Traditional criteria such as basic science grades and class rank were not uniformly considered as important factors in the initial screening of candidates. Other views and criticisms of the applicants are examined and suggestions are provided to reduce some of the apparent inequities now inherent to the system.


Clinicopathological conference. Case 19, part 1.


The Ramsay Hunt syndrome: a dynamic demonstration of applied anatomy. The clinical features of herpes zoster of the geniculate ganglion were reviewed and related to the functional anatomy of the seventh cranial nerve. An illustrative case highlights many of the features of the syndrome that was first described by Ramsay Hunt. The significance of facial palsy is discussed in the light of its distribution.


Familial dystrophic myotonia: report of case.


Peripheral ameloblastoma: report of case and review of the literature. A case of an extraosseous ameloblastoma occurring in a 33-year-old woman has been described. Of the 11 cases documented in the literature, only nine fulfill the histologic and clinical criteria for a true peripheral ameloblastoma. In contrast to the intraosseous ameloblastoma, the diagnosis of extramedullary or peripheral ameloblastoma implies a less aggressive neoplasm that can be treated by a more conservative surgical approach.


Hemangioendothelioma of the mandible: report of case. A case of hemangioendothelioma of the mandible, the third of its kind to involve the jawbone is reported. The radiological appearance of new bone formation is a unique feature in this case. The vascular malignant tumor has a poor prognosis.


Synovial chondrometaplasia of the temporomandibular joint: report of case. A case of synovial chondrometaplasia of the temporomandibular joint is presented with a discussion of the pathologic findings, diagnosis, and treatment. This is a highly uncommon, benign lesion of this joint that affects women more often than men. Since the histologic appearance of some of the tissue cells may resemble malignant changes, care should be taken not to confuse this condition with chondrosarcoma.


Transmedullary amputation and resection of metastases in combined therapy of osteosarcoma. The eradication of microfoci of metastatic osteosarcoma by adjuvant chemotherapy permits the surgeon to take a more conservative approach to amputation and to more aggressively resect metastases. In a series of 59 children with osteosarcoma of an extremity, transmedullary amputation carried no greater risk of stump recurrence than either disarticulation or amputation above the joint. We attribute this to careful selection of the level of amputation by use of preoperative bone scans, intraoperative frozen sections of bone stump and intensive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Immediate application of a prosthetic limb has enhanced the physical and emotional rehabilitation of these patients. Resections of pulmonary metastases in 12 patients who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy has resulted in a median tumor-free survival of 17 mo, with 3 patients still alive without disease for 13, 25, and 72 mo. A more aggressive approach to the resection of pulmonary metastases may substantially improve current rates of tumor-free survival.


What the AMA is against...and for!

What the AMA is against...and for!


Health care financing--public or private?


National Nutrition Consortium endorses fluoridation.


The control of dental caries by manipulating dentinal fluid movement.


Mumps uveitis complicating the course of acute leukemia. A case of a nine-year-old child with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission who developed infectious parotitis with uveitis was presented. Ocular complications of mumps have been briefly discussed and the differential diagnosis particularly in relationship to leukemia have been emphasized. The significance of depressed cellular immunity in the development of this complication was entertained.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed by renal biopsy. An 8-year-old boy who presented with recurrent attacks of acute non-oliguric renal failure is described. Hemograms were normal and the kidneys were not enlarged. A renal biopsy was done and diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The etiology of renal failure in leukemia is discussed.


President's message. Changing times.

President's message. Changing times.


Projects for the dental wife at home.

Projects for the dental wife at home.


Surgical treatment of epulis fissuratum utilizing free gingival grafts: report of two cases.


Dental health education, Ashland, Wisconsin.


Erythroleukemia (di Guglielmo's disease). Occurrence 28 years after thorium administration.


Symposium: tuberculosis in South Carolina. Introduction: "there's a lot of it still around".


Tuberculosis control in South Carolina.

Tuberculosis control in South Carolina.


Preventive treatment of tuberculous infection.


Tuberculosis in the community hospital: lessons from a single year.


The role of the state laboratory in tuberculosis control.


Miliary-meningeal tuberculosis during pregnancy: case report, and brief survey of the problem of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.


Carcinoembryonic antigen in osteosarcoma. Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay was done in 30 patients with osteosarcoma. CEA was found positive (greater 2.5 ng/ml) in 17 of 21 patients who had active evidence of disease and negative (less than 2.5 ng/ml) in all 9 patients who were in complete remission resulting from previous amputation of chemotherapy. Serial CEA determinations demonstrated a fall to normal in 7 of 9 patients following successful surgery of chemotherapy and a ruse and fall (fluctuation) of levels in 8 patients who had tumor progression while on chemotherapy. Clinical recurrence of disease in two instances preceded or coincied with CEA elevation. The CEA assay in osteosarcoma although non-specific could be used as an inportant adjunct to experienced clinical judgment, periodic x-ray examination, and laboratory study to prognosticate the course of osteosarcoma during therapy. The interpretation of a rising or falling CEA titer alone, however, must be made with caution.


Periostitis of the mandible. A case report and review of the literature. Periostitis of the mandible has not been previously discussed in the otolaryngologic literature and only infrequently in the dental literature. It is characterized by a hard, painless, fixed mass overlying the mandible in a child or young adult. The etiology is usually an endosteal infection in the molar region with periosteal inflammation. Reactive new bone is deposited beneath the elevated periosteum, external to the outer cortex of the jaw, and separated from it by a layer of suppurative fluid. Treatment consists of removal of involved teeth and infected bone, drainage of the fluid pocked and appropriate antibiotics. Patients are followed with repeat X-rays and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. A case is presented and the world literature is reviewed. The otolaryngologist should be aware of this entity and include it in the differential diagnosis of any fixed jaw mass to avoid mistaking it for a more malignant process with unfortunate consequences.


Conservative treatment of retinoblastoma. 42 cases of retinoblastoma were treated by light coagulation with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 29 cases were cured (69%). The follow-up time of these cases amounts between 3 and more than 16 years.


HGPRT in the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.


Comparable complex rearrangements involving 8;21 and 9;22 translocations in leukaemia.


Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction.


Leukoencephalopathy in childhood leukemia. A 14-year-old boy survived for 7 years after the initial diagnosis and treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Neurologic deterioration occured repeatedly throughout his complicated clinical course but it was most severe and only partially reversible following orally administered pyrimethamine. The neuropathologic lesions were distinctive and included a diffuse reactive astrocytosis, axonal degeneration, status spongiosis, circumscribed foci of demyelination and coagulative necrosis, and mural thickening with luminal narrowing of microcirculatory vessels. This collection of findings represents the leukoencephalopathy of childhood leukemia that we and others believe results in large part from the combined effects of cranial irradiation and chemotherapy. The role of folic acid antagonists, namely methotrexate and pyrimethamine, are particularly noteworthy in this regard.


Cancer risks from estrogen intake.

Cancer risks from estrogen intake.


Sickle cell crises: psychological factors associated with onset.


Reported gonorrhea: trends in New York City, 1970 to 1975.


Electrocardiographic changes: pacemaker induced.


Gastric rigidity and breast masses.

Gastric rigidity and breast masses.


Health education and the school physician.


The cephalosporins: therapist's view.

The cephalosporins: therapist's view.


Nursing management of childhood leukaemia.


Look toward that mountain.

Look toward that mountain.


Adaptation and its implications for nursing practice.


Bonding and low-stimulus delivery.

Bonding and low-stimulus delivery.


On using words.

On using words.


Gene manipulation: the risks and proposals for their control.


Measles pneumonia in childhood leukemia. Fatal measles pneumonia developed in a 7-year-old boy who was in complete remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There was no detectable antibody titer in two specimens taken eight days apart. Measles virus was grown from a lung biopsy taken shortely after hospital admission. Classical measles had been diagnosed in the patient and his siblings nine months previously. Immunosuppressed children who do not develop an antibody rise after a measles infection are at risk of later development of measles giant cell pneumonia. Suggestions are offered for the prevention of this often fatal complication.


Challenges facing MDA members.

Challenges facing MDA members.


Leukaemia in childhood.

Leukaemia in childhood.


Gratitude to the Winona Daily News.

Gratitude to the Winona Daily News.


Lysozyme: a brief review.

Lysozyme: a brief review. Serum lysozyme (muramidase) estimation is a simple, convenient and useful laboratory investigation. A review of the literature shows that lysozyme has been implicated as an aetiological factor in various disorders, and credited with being a prognostic indicator in acute myeloid leukaemia, but these promises have not been fulfilled. This low molecular weight protein is found in the urine of some patients with renal tubular disorders, but some workers have emphasized its importance as a causal agent in hypokalaemia of acute myeloid leukaemia. Research should be concentrated on muramidase as an expression of cell functions rather than as an aetiological factor. Hypokalaemia in acute myeloid leukaemia may be caused by an unidentified substance of molecular weight similar to that of lysozyme.


PR-3 looks to 1977-78.

PR-3 looks to 1977-78.


Portal hypertension in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia. A patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia treated with busulphan for 4-5 years, developed signs of busulphan toxicity and portal hypertension with ascites, oesophageal varices and jaundice. At post-mortem there was minimal leukaemic infiltration but there were alterations in the liver architecture sufficient to explain the portal hypertension. The pathogenesis of the liver changes and their possible relationship to splenomegaly and busulphan toxicity are considered.


Are you listening?

Are you listening?


Sugar substitutes.

Sugar substitutes.


The Winona fluoridation success story.

The Winona fluoridation success story.


Medullary thyroid carcinoma: report of two cases, clinicopathological aspects and its management. Serum calcitonin determination is diagnostic.


Anticholinergic toxicity. Disorder manifested by confusion and delirium results when two or more medications with side-effects are given.