The effect of starvation on phosphodiesterase activity and the content of adenosine 3' :5'-cyclic monophosphate in isolated mouse pancreatic islets. 1. The concentration of cyclic AMP and the activity of phosphodiesterase were measured in isolated pancreatic islets from fed or 48h-starved mice. 2. Two different phosphodiesterases were detected. Neither the maximum activity nor the K(m) values of these enzymes were changed by starvation. 3. The concentration of cyclic AMP in non-incubated islets was the same in islets from fed and starved mice. 4. Incubation with 3.3mm-glucose for 5-30min had no effect on the concentration of cyclic AMP, irrespective of the nutritional state of the mice. Incubation with 16.7mm-glucose for 5-30min raised the concentration of cyclic AMP by about 30% in islets from fed mice. This rise was prevented by addition of mannoheptulose (3mg/ml). Incubation with 16.7mm-glucose had no effect on the cyclic AMP content in islets from starved mice. 5. In islets from fed mice 10min incubation with 5mm-caffeine had no effect on the concentration of cyclic AMP in the presence of 3.3 or 16.7mm-glucose, whereas the cyclic AMP content was increased approx. 150% in islets from starved mice. 6. After 10min incubation with 1mm-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine in the presence of 3.3 or 16.7mm-glucose the concentration of cyclic AMP was raised by 250% in islets from fed mice and by 400% in islets from starved mice. 7. A threefold function of glucose in the insulin-secretory process is suggested, according to which the decreased islet glucose metabolism is the primary defect in the insulin-secretory mechanism during starvation.


Heterogeneous distribution of enzymes among plasma-membrane fragments sedimenting with the microsomal fraction of rat liver. Plasma-membrane fragments recovered in the microsomal fraction of rat liver homogenates were shown to be heterogeneous in density. It was demonstrated that 5'-nucleotidase, the most commonly used plasma-membrane marker, is concentrated in the lightest subfraction. Two of the published procedures for the isolation of plasma-membrane fragments from the microsomal fraction (Touster et al., 1970; Hinton et al., 1971) are shown to give products which are not representative of all the plasma-membrane fragments of microsomal size, and it is argued that a third procedure (House & Weidemann, 1970) is likely to give a similar product.


Thymidine kinase activity in cardiac muscle during embryomic and postnatal development. Cytoplasmic thymidine kinase from cardiac muscle of the rat has been characterized. It has a pH optimum of 9.0 and a K(m) value for thymidine of 1.6mum. The sedimentation coefficient of this enzyme in sucrose gradients is 4.5S, which represents a molecular weight of approx. 69000. Thymidine kinase prepared from cardiac muscle of foetal, neonatal and adult rats is inhibited by dTTP and dTDP; there is neither inhibition nor stimulation by dTMP, dCTP, dATP, dGTP or cyclic AMP. The activity of thymidine kinase in differentiating cardiac muscle of foetal and neonatal rats declines progressively with development, reaching adult values of almost zero by the fifteenth to seventeenth day of postnatal development. This represents a 70-fold decrease in enzyme activity from 3 days before birth to 17 days after birth. The loss of thymidine kinase activity in differentiating cardiac muscle correlates temporally with the cessation of DNA biosynthesis and the loss of cytoplasmic DNA polymerase activity in this tissue.


Stimulation by 6-N,2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3' :5'-cyclic monophosphate and glucocorticoids of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the isolated perfused rat liver. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in perfused livers of rats, fed on a low-protein diet, linearly over a 6h period. The enzyme activity was also significantly elevated by dexamethasone, the effect being considerably lower than that of the cyclic nucleotide. Since the time-course of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP resembled that observed after dibutyryl cyclic AMP injection into intact animals, it is suggested that induction of the enzyme in vivo is due to a direct action of the cyclic nucleotide on the liver. Combined administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and glucocorticoids did not lead to an additive increase of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, either in vivo or in the perfused organ.


The reconstitution of functional respiratory chains in membranes from electron-transport-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli as demonstrated by quenching of atebrin fluorescence. Measurements were made of electron-transport-dependent quenching of atebrin fluorescence in particles prepared from mutants of Escherichia coli unable to synthesize either ubiquinone or haem. Such quenching was either absent (in haem-deficient particles) or decreased (in ubiquinone-deficient particles), but was restored under conditions used to reconstitute oxidase activities. It is concluded that the reconstitution of oxidase activity, in both cases, is associated with the formation of a functional, proton-translocating, respiratory chain.


A study of the coenzyme-binding characteristics of rabbit muscle L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 1. The binding of NAD(+) and NADH to glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was studied in the pH range 6.0-9.0 at 25 degrees C and in the temperature range 16-43 degrees C at pH7.0. 2. The second-order velocity constants for the combination of NADH with the enzyme in the pH range 6.0-9.0 and for the combination of NAD(+) with the enzyme at pH6.0 were determined. 3. The velocity constant for the dissociation of the enzyme-NAD(+) complex at pH6.0 was measured.


A study of the kinetics and mechanism of rabbit muscle L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 1. The kinetics of oxidation of l-glycerol 3-phosphate by NAD(+) and of reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate by NADH catalysed by rabbit muscle glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied over the range pH6-9. 2. The enzyme was found to catalyse the oxidation of glyoxylate by NAD(+) at pH8.0 and the kinetics of this reaction were also studied. 3. The results are consistent with a compulsory mechanism of catalysis for glycerol 3-phosphate oxidation and dihydroxyacetone phosphate reduction in the intermediate regions of pH, but modifications to the basic mechanism are required to fully explain results at the extremes of the pH range, with these substrates and for glyoxylate oxidation at pH8.0.


Lipid and basic protein interaction of myelin. 1. Purified myelin labelled with [(3)H]myo-inositol or [1-(14)C]acetate was incubated with trypsin or acetylated trypsin at 37 degrees C, pH8.0 for 30min. 2. After incubation and centrifugation analysis of the myelin pellet showed marked digestion of basic protein on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Proteolipid and Wolfgram proteins remained unchanged. 3. A loss of 15% of total protein and loss of all classes of lipids was also found. Most significant lipid losses were phosphoinositides, phosphatidylserine and sulphatide. 4. A low-density material containing more phospholipid than cholesterol and galactolipid was isolated from the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of trypsin-treated myelin. 5. Interaction of sulphatide and myelin basic protein was shown to take place in a biphasic system. Basic protein does not form any complex either with cerebroside or cholesterol in the same solvent system. 6. The release of acidic lipids from myelin suggests that they may be linked to basic protein by ionic forces and the neutral lipids may be by lipid-lipid interactions. 7. The relevance of these studies as a model of brain degeneration is discussed.


Activation of carbamoyl phosphate synthase by N-acetyl-L-aspartate. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase from liver of both rat and frog, normally dependent on N-acetyl-l-glutamate (on the basis of K(m) and physiological concentrations) as an activator, was shown to be activated by high concentrations of N-acetyl-l-aspartate. However, the high concentrations of N-acetyl-l-aspartate required for activation produce non-competitive inhibition. Similarly, high concentrations of N-acetyl-l-glutamate, in very large excess of the amount required to activate the enzyme, inhibit. The limit for N-acetyl-l-glutamate as an impurity in N-acetyl-l-aspartate was found to be less than 1 in 5000 parts, far below the 1 in 250 parts needed to produce the activation observed with N-acetyl-l-aspartate.


Virologic and immunologic properties and response to daunomycin and adriamycin of a non-regressing mouse tumor derived from MSV-induced sarcoma.


A microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application to malaria. A microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described. This method, which may be of value in the measurement of antibodies in various infectious diseases, is simple, cheap, and easy to carry out on a large scale. For field use, results can be assessed subjectively. The potential of the test is illustrated by a small seroepidemiological study of malaria.


A seven-year study of WHO virus laboratory reports on respiratory viruses. In 1963 the World Health Organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. By 1973 laboratories in 45 countries were participating in this scheme. The present study is an analysis of the reports on adenovirus, influenza viruses A, B, and C, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, rhinovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae during 1967-73. In the northern hemisphere, from which over 95% of the reports were received, a clear pattern of the seasonal incidence of different respiratory tract infections emerged. Over 70% of the total number of reported adenovirus infections, over 80% of the parainfluenza virus infections, and over 90% of the RS virus infections were in children. M. pneumoniae infections were most frequently reported in adults. Influenza A virus infection was predominant in the adult population, with a high proportion in those aged 60 years and over. Influenza B infections were reported equally in adults and children, but over one third were in children of school age. The proportion of lower respiratory infections to total respiratory infections varied from one virus to another, and ranged from less than half for adenovirus to over four fifths for mycoplasma infections. Nonlocalizing fever was usually the second principal clinical condition reported in association with respiratory viruses.


Biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects of running.


Immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy on EBV-associated membrame antigen of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma derived lymphoblastoid cell line (LY-28).


In vitro binding of radioiodinated human placental lactogen to murine mammary gland.


Specific estrogen receptor and its relation to response to oophorectomy in rat mammary cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.


Genetical studied on the multiple forms of human guanylate kinase in man-chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids.


Therapy of chemical burns.

Therapy of chemical burns.


Interaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 with Rous sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells [XC and R(B77) cell lines].


Enteroviruses 69, 70, and 71.

Enteroviruses 69, 70, and 71.


Nucleosides and nucleotides. Part 7. Four dithymidine monophosphates with different anomeric configurations, their synthesis and behaviour towards phosphodiesterases.


Hormone-receptor interations. Synthesis of a biologically active cysteinyl-angiotensin derivative and its use for the preparation of spin-labelled and polymer-supported molecules.


[Diagnosis and prophylaxis of the most important infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in the horse (author's transl)].


Vitamin D and urinary amino acid excretion in the rabbit.


The clinical significance of disturbed sleep and the use of hypnotics. This article discusses the causes of sleeplessness and its long-term management. Sleep may be repeatedly disturbed by pain, dyspnoea, micturition, or restlessness. The sleep patterns of the diseases which produce these symptoms are given, with an explanation in physiological terms of why they disturb sleep. A knowledge of these sleep patterns provides a valuable aid to diagnosis. It is concluded that there is only one condition, senility leading to senile dementia, for which long-term night sedation is justified.


Neuropathy in long-standing insulin-dependent diabetic patients.


Neuropathy in dialyzed diabetic patients.


End-stage diabetic nephropathy. Discussion: neurologic complications.


Zymographic characteristics of soluble and bound esterases in nervous tissues and brain tumors. The Authors describe zymographic characteristics of non specific esterases in human and rat brain and in tumors of the nervous system. Bound and soluble esterases were evidenced using substrate and inhibitor systems in association with detergent extraction. In normal nervous tissues the results confirmed previous observations on the identity of the gray and white matter esterases, except for minor quantitative differences. In brain tumors some peculiar pattern was particularly useful for biological interpretation of tissue differentiation and cell metabolism. The Authors show that the use of Triton X-100 extraction associated with suitable effectors allows a more correct classification of non specific esterases.


The value of brain scanning in the diagnosis of recurrences of brain tumours. The Authors consider critically the possibilities of brain scanning in the diagnosis of recurrences of brain tumours. They examine a series of 143 cases subjected in 180 brain scans exams. The accuracy of the diagnosis is demonstrated by operative controls and verified by the results of the Common neuroradiologic investigations (angiography and air study). The analysis of patients according to the different types of tumours, enabled us to make the following conclusions: 1) Percentages of positivity of recurrences with astrocytomas and localisations in the posterior fossa are highest than that obtainable with the primitive tumour. 2) Flap activity is not considered as a limitative factor of the diagnostic possibilities of recurrence, except in meningiomas of small dimensions, near the longitudinal sinus. 3) In our series, there is only a false negative, surgically verified, and diagnosis of negativity is confirmed by the percentages of accordance with neuroradiogical methods. 4) Pneumoencephalography is more valuable than arteriography in the diagnosis of recurrence, but only the association of the two methods provides percentages of exact diagnosis comparable to the results of brain scanning. 5) Brain scanning gave false positive results only in cases of radionecrosis.


Early increase of new histones in BHK cells after Herpes Simplex virus infection.


Natural virus infection in green and cynomolgus monkeys.


Radical resection and reconstruction in spheno-ethmoidal-orbital tumors. Report of 3 cases. Three cases of radical exenteration of spheno-ethmoidal-orbital tumors followed by plastic reconstruction of the cranial basis are described. The technique utilized has recently been developed and described by Derôme and is particularly satisfactory for benign and slow-growing malignant tumors of this region. The indications, preparation and collaborations are described, as well as the advantages and drawbacks to the procedure.


Adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase in human cerebral tumors. Adenyl-cyclase (A-C) and Phosphodiesterase (PDE) behaviour in a large number of human cerebral tumors is reported and compared with that of normal gray and white matter. PDE is much reduced in all oncotypes. Also A-C appears reduced in all tumors except astrocytomas where enzymatic activity is similar to that of gray matter. The Authors tried to explain these changes in activity by relating them to the malignancy of the oncotypes or to their different embryologic origin.


On modelling the function of sympathetic ventricular augumentor fibres.


Experience with dorsal column stimulation (DCS) in the operative treatment of chronic intractable pain. The results of DCS in 50 patients are altogether favourable; they are better for the group of amputation and phantom pain than for the group of peripheral nerve lesions. For patients with malignoma pain no valid comment can be given. The influence of DCS is mostly immediate in bouts of acute pain, slower in chronic permanent pain, where a longer period of stimulation is needed. The observation of such longer stimulation periods together with the experience that during DCS there is a shift in the pain threshold, even in segments above the stimulus including also the face, seems to indicate a participation of higher neuronal centers in the assumed gate control.


Receptors and binding sites for polypeptide hormones.


Parainfluenza virus infections.

Parainfluenza virus infections.


Adenovirus infections.

Adenovirus infections.


Rhinovirus infections.

Rhinovirus infections.


Influenza virus infections.

Influenza virus infections.


Replacement therapy with graduated estrogens.


Serologic investigations on the presence of antibodies to Kemerovo virus in subjects of several counties in Romania.


Comparative studies on some herpes simplex virus strains with different locations. Note IV. Study of the action of certain physical and chemical agents.


Isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Note I. The effect of certain detergents on the disruption of influenza virus type A0PR8 (H0N1) and parainfluenza virus type I (Sendai).


Comparative studies on some herpes simplex virus strains with different locations. V. Serologic behaviour.


Isolation of cytomegalic virus from the placenta in a case of inapparent human infection.


Results of investigations concerning the oncogenicity for mice and hamsters of nuclei acid preparations extracted from chicken sarcoma induced by the Carr (Zilber) and Bryan strains of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV).


Cellular transformation in vitro induced by herpes simplex virus. Note I. Transformation of rat embryo cells.


Isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. II. Polypeptides of parainfluenza virus type 1 (Sendai).


Cellular transformation in vitro induced by herpes simplex virus. II. Transformation of hamster embryo cells.


Tetramethanesulfonyl-D-mannitol (Zitostop) treatment in the myeloblastic stage developed chronic myelosis).


Herpes gestationis with hydatidiform mole.


The changing characteristics of herpes zoster keratouveitis.


Pathogenetic studies of infection of the bovine fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus. I. Cerebellar atrophy.


Effects of cyclophosphamide on ascitic cancer cells.


The ultrastructural features of fibroxanthosarcoma.


The role of 3',5'-AMP system in amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier.


Catabolism of proinsulin and insulin. Proteolytic activities in Langerhans islets of rat and mice pancreas in vitro.


Basic relationships for visual information processing in optic tectum of fish.


The interaction of angiotensin II with heparin.


Transient loss of theta antigen after indomethacin treatment.


Study of the Escherichia coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. Specificity of the enzyme for nucleoside triphosphates.


Rat liver chromatin non-histone proteins and glucocorticoid binding.


The management of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.


The effects of the mutagen ethylmethanesulfonate on the murine immune response.


Absence of an early increase of phospholipid-phosphate turnover in mitogen-stimulated B lymphocytes.


The treatment of recurrent herpes infections with levamisole.


Failure to detect heterophile antigens in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells and to demonstrate interaction of heterophile antibodies with Epstein-Barr virus.


Ultrastructure of rat pineal gland in organ culture; influence of norepinephrine, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenohypophysis.


Ultracytochemical study on some phosphatases in rat adrenal medulla.


Proceedings: Angiotensin sensitivity of hypothalamic neurons eliciting drinking of rats.


Proceedings: Synaptic transmission of the superior colliculus during eye movements in cats.


Proceedings: Afferent synaptic transmission in the electric receptor organ of Teleost.


Proceedings: Effects of cesium ion on neuromuscular transmission.


Proceedings: Electrophysiological study of cell fusion reaction by virus HVJ.


Proceedings: Elevation of adenylate energy charge in the rat kidney caused by calcitonin and the effect of succinate.


On the constancy of the evolutionary rate of cistrons.


Rate of change of concomitantly variable codons.


The structures of cytochrome c and the rates of molecular evolution.


Toward a molecular taxonomy.

Toward a molecular taxonomy.


Viruses in experimental and human diabetes.


Betamethasone valerate aerosol in asthmatic patients receiving long-term oral steroid therapy: double-blind controlled trial and follow-up of patients for 20 months.


The substitution of betamethasone valerate for systemic steroids in chronic asthmatics.


Betamethasone valerate aerosol in asthmatics previously requiring long-term systemic steroids.


Elevation of myeloperoxidase activity in infants with oral candidiasis treated with clotrimazole.


Characteristics of the inhibitory action of D-penicillamine on the growth of poliovirus.


Further studies of the anti-viral effect of D-peniclllamine.


The 1972 NIMH mission to assess schizophrenic research in the U.S.S.R.


Special report: Schizophrenia, 1974.

Special report: Schizophrenia, 1974.


Demonstration of collagen in synovial fluid cells of rheumatoid arthritis by immunofluorescence.


Identification of human cytomegalovirus isolates by means of indirect immunofluorescence employing an improved system for fluorescent microscopy.


Heterogenetic infectious mononucleosis receptors as potent immunizing agents for humans.


The adjuvant activity of Bordetella pertussis in mice with congenital aplasia of the thymus.


Adjuvant activity of Bordetella pertussis in New Zealand mice.


Ultrastructural changes in the muscle cells of denervated muscles of rat. The ultrastructural changes taking place in the diaphragm and plantaris of rat are followed up from the 3rd hour to 24th week after section of the peripheral nerve. The latter is either sectioned, or crushed. It is found out that the initial changes, consisting in an increase of the number of ribosomes and certain degree of mitochondrial destruction, are observed as early as the first 24 hours after denervation. The postdenervational changes are traced up to the occurrence of reinnervation with restoration of the myoneural junctions. A description is ade of the changes in the various organelles of the muscle cell, and of the appearance of spheromembranous bodies, hellical complex and destruction of the contractile apparatus. Differences in the course of the post-denervational process in the diaphragm and plantaris are outlined. The results obtained are discussed and comparatively studied with literature data.


Differentiation of photoreceptor cells and morphogenetic function of biomembranes. Photoreceptor cells of eyes in vertebrate animals have been chosen as an example to illustrate the morphogenetic function of biomembranes in differentiation of the eye outer segments -- rods and cones. Morphogenetic function of biomembranes in photoreceptor cells involves an insertion of the heterogeneous molecule of visual pigment into the original plasma membrane. Depending on some features of visual pigment in one case cones may be produced or rods as more complicated structures may be differentiated in the other one. Some evolution aspects of photoreceptor cell differentiation have also been under discussion.


The dipsogenic action of angiotensin.

The dipsogenic action of angiotensin.


The story of angiotonin.

The story of angiotonin.


Effect of a competitive antagonist (8-leu-angiotensin II) of angiotensin II on sodium and water transport in toad skin.


The renin-angiotensin system in the control of aldosterone secretion in the rat.


The renin-angiotensin system in diabetes mellitus.


Blood pressure regulation during chronic renal failure due to polycystic renal disease.


"Chymotensin" - an angiotensin-like substance released from human plasma by chymotrypsin.


The angiotensin I converting enzyme of the lung and kidney.


Interactions of des1-angiotensin-II with lipids, receptors, and plasma macromolecules.


Angiotensin II receptors of the adrenal gland: location and modulation by cations and guanyl nucleotides.


Pharmacology of angiotensin and inhibitors.


Alteration in the feedback control of renin release by an angiotensin antagonist.


Prostaglandin E - angiotensin II interactions in the gravid uterus.


Changes in pressor activity of angiotensin II induced by pentolinium and phenobarbital in rats.


Plasma renin activity during development of experimental renal hypertension in dogs.


Central hypertensive actions of angiotensin.


Effect of kininase inhibition on canine renal blood flow and sodium excretion.


An extensive vacuolar system in the nuclei of malignant melanoma cells.


Dynamic functions of angiotensin in hypertension: renal effects as the basic cause of chronic hypertension.


Angiotensin receptors in smooth muscle cells.


Ultrastructural study of some frequent and poorly known intraglomerular structures.


Tubular functions studied by microperfusion of isolated renal tubules.


The kidney and the secretion of aldosterone.


The normal metabolism of uric acid.

The normal metabolism of uric acid.


The evolving Federal substance abuse organization.


New perspectives on an old problem.

New perspectives on an old problem.


The properties of a uterine oestradiol-receptor after limited proteolysis.


Rat myocardial protein kinases. I. Cytosol.


Proceedings: Social and cultural factors in treatment of tuberculosis.


Glomus tumor. An electron microscopic study.


Radioimmunoassay and saturation analysis. Separation techniques in saturation analysis.


Radioimmunoassay and saturation analysis. Production of antibodies and binding reagents.


Selective innervation of muscle.

Selective innervation of muscle.


Virological and epidemiological survey of acute spinal analysis in Rumania, 1970-1973. I. Laboratory analysis of cases with residual disability.


Changes of the liver enzymatic functions induced by zinc ions and phenobarbital.


The reactivity of mice after hyperimmunization with Bordetella pertussis.


Methyl-CCNU inclinical cancer therapy.

Methyl-CCNU inclinical cancer therapy.


Studies on steroid conjugates. XII. Occurrence of 16-epiestriol 16-glucuronide in human pregnancy urine.


Anticancer activity of 2-(2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-8-(beta-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy)quinoline.


Studies on steroid conjugates. XIII. Synthesis of 2,4,17alpha-d3-estriol 3-glucuronoside.


Enterovirus type 71 infection in Melbourne. Between November 1972 and May 1973, 60 strains of a new enterovirus were isolated from 49 patients investigated at Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Melbourne. Of these patients 39 were admitted to hospital with aseptic meningitis (which was accompanied by a rash in 6), 5 others had rash alone, 4 had acute respiratory tract infections, and 1 had infective polyneuritis. A representative strain from this outbreak had the physicochemical properties of an enterovirus but could not be identified with antisera prepared against the prototype polio, coxsackie, and echo viruses. Studies, performed in association with the WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Houston, TX, USA, showed the outbreak to be due to enterovirus 71. Most of the epidemic strains required sodium deoxycholate treatment before neutralization could be demonstrated.


Control mechanisms in infectious mononucleosis.


Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses or renal transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infections.


Antiviral antibodies in rheumatoid synovial fluid and cryoprecipitates.


Effects of sodium nitroprusside and other pentacyanonitrosyl complexes on platelet aggregation.


Superoxide and evolution.

Superoxide and evolution.


Multiple pathways of NADH oxidation in the mitochondrion.


Purification and characterization of a sialidase inhibitor, siastatin, produced by Streptomyces.


Intrauterine growth retardation. A new systematic approach based on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of this condition.


Community mental health is alive and well in Chicago. A retrospective.


Editorial: The epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in West Bengal.


Clostridium welchii and Bacillus cereus infection and intoxication.


Malignant mesothelioma invading the spinal canal.


A note on the outbreak of J.E. virus encephalitis in the District of Bankura.


Clinical kidney preservation results with a silica gel fraction of plasma.


Relationship of vascular reactivity to plasma renin concentration in patients with terminal renal failure.


Clinical, histological and ultrastructural observations upon the oncocytoma of the human pituitary gland.


Plasma renin activity in hemodialysis patients: a longitudinal study.


Renin-aldosterone axis in renal transplant patients.


Studies in anephric humans: the renin-angiotensin system.


Cytomegalovirus infections in chronic hemodialysis patients. I. Initial observations.


Aldosterone secretion in response to acute stimuli in kidney allograft recipients.


Virus infections may trigger rejection in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients.


Residential settlement, hostels, group homes-elements of a psychiatric rehabilitation program.


Transfemoral selective embolisation in the treatment of some cranial and vertebro-spinal vascular malformations and tumours. Preliminary results.


Change in myocardial adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate during the contraction cycle.


Role of adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP in cardiac actions of adrenergic amines.


Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on myocardial performance in vivo.


Cardiac and metabolic effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the intact dog heart and the isolated perfused rat heart.


Interaction of four methylxanthine compounds and norepinephrine on cardiac phosphorylase activation and cardiac contractility.


Heart triglyceride and glycogen metabolism: effects of catecholamines, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, theophylline, and fatty acids.


The use of cyclic AMP in ischemic vascular disorders.


Adenyl cyclase activity in the hypoxic heart.


Cyclic amp (cAMP) in hearts of alloxan-diabetic rats.


Regulation of rate of lactate oxidation by the heart.


Role of cyclic GMP as a mediator of the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in the perfused rat heart.


Oxidative phosphorylation at various stages of genetically determined cardiomyopathy in the Syrian hamster.


Lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes in hearts of hamsters (BIO 14.6 and BBL x7) with congenital cardiomyopathy.


Ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in rat heart mitochondria isolated after aortic constriction, strenuous physical exercise, total myocardial ischemia, and theophylline treatment.


Effect of acute ischemia on myocardial cyclic AMP, phosphorylase a, and lactate levels in various forms of cardiac hypertrophy. Correlation with cardiac norepinephrine stores.


Turnover of myocardial components in cardiac hypertrophy.


Decline or respiratory activity of myocardial mitochondria in senescence.


Biochemical characterization of muscle sarcolemmal membranes.


Two improvements in the preparation of cardiac microsomes.


Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of cardiac microsomes: a possible mechanism for control of calcium uptake by cyclic AMP.


Calcium-binding sites and calcium uptake in cardiac microsomes: effects of varying Ca++ concentration, and of an adenosine-3',5'- monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.


Factors affecting calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.


Dye-sensitized photo-oxidation as a tool for elucidating the topography of proteins in solution.


Photodynamic tagging of poliovirus with proflavine.


Energy transfer in dye-nucleic acid complexes.


Tumours developed in people injected with thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) (Portuguese experience).


Thorotrast-induced spindle cell sarcoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Syrian hamsters.


Pathological findings in the RES (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow) of Thorotrast patients (histological an autoradiographic investigations).


Studies in morphogenetic dermatology. Annotations concerning keratoacanthoma, dyskeratosis congenita, elastosis perforans, unilateral congenital psoriasiform erythroderma with ipsilateral limb defect, cavernous haemangioma, lipoid proteinosis, reticulohistiocytoma and pigmented neurofibroma.


Immunity against parainfluenza-3 virus in cattle; immunoglobulins in serum and nasal secretions after subcutaneous and nasal vaccination.


On the occurrence and nature of one of the gamma immunoglobulins in horse antisera.


Study on experimental vaccinia virus infection in mice with special reference to host defence mechanisms.


Effects of ACTH and prednisolone on the ultrastructure of interrenal cells of chicken adrenals.


Effect of melatonin-like substances on the hormone reception of pigment cells in amphibians.


Synaptic efficiency and plasticity of the nervous system.


Reflex responses at the third spinal segment in brain intact toads.


Glomerular lesions in monoclonal gammopathies and mixed essential cryoglobulinemias IgG-IgM. Histologic studies of renal tissue were performed in 21 cases of IgG or IgA benign monoclonal gammopathy, in 19 cases of IgM monoclonal gammopathy, and in 11 cases of mixed idiopathic IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemias. Except for myeloma, glomerular lesions were very frequent. Amyloidosis was found in one patient with myeloma, in two with benign IgG gammopathy, and in three with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Intraglomerular deposits were found in 13 patients. In 7 of these patients (6 with Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 1 with benign IgA monoclonal gammopathy), the deposits were isolated without cellular proliferation. In the other 6 patients (one with benign IgG monoclonal gammopathy, five with IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemias) the deposits were associated with severe endocapillary proliferation. Immunohistologic study showed the presence of immunoglobulins in these deposits. The immunoglobulin(s) present in the glomerular deposits was (were) similar to the serum monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulins of the cryoglobulin. Crystals were found in the glomerular endothelial cells in one case of benign IgG gammopathy. The significance of these lesions is briefly discussed.


Catecholamine functions.

Catecholamine functions.


Nervous function at the cellular level: glia.


Peripheral mechanisms of vision.

Peripheral mechanisms of vision.


Brain-adenohypophysial communication in mammals.


Chromosome deletion and cell susceptibility to the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).


Kidney.

Kidney.


The carbon assimilation pathways of Methylococcus capsulatus, Pseudomonas methanica and Methylosinus trichosporium (OB3B) during growth on methane. d-arabino-3-Hexulose 6-phosphate was prepared by condensation of formaldehyde with ribulose 5-phosphate in the presence of 3-hexulose phosphate synthase from methane-grown Methylococcus capsulatus. The 3-hexulose phosphate was unstable in solutions of pH greater than 3, giving a mixture of products in which, after dephosphorylation, allulose and fructose were detected. A complete conversion of d-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde into d-fructose 6-phosphate was demonstrated in the presence of 3-hexulose phosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (prepared from methane-grown M. capsulatus). d-Allulose 6-phosphate was prepared from d-allose by way of d-allose 6-phosphate. No evidence was found for its metabolism by extracts of M. capsulatus, thus eliminating it as an intermediate in the carbon assimilation process of this organism. A survey was made of the enzymes involved in the regeneration of pentose phosphate during C(1) assimilation via a modified pentose phosphate cycle. On the basis of the presence of the necessary enzymes, two alternative routes for cleavage of fructose 6-phosphate are suggested, one route involves fructose diphosphate aldolase and the other 6-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase. A detailed formulation of the complete ribulose monophosphate cycle of formaldehyde fixation is presented. The energy requirements for carbon assimilation by this cycle are compared with those for the serine pathway and the ribulose diphosphate cycle of carbon dioxide fixation. A cyclic scheme for oxidation of formaldehyde via 6-phosphogluconate is suggested.


The role of mitochondria in modifying the cellular ionic environment. Calcium-induced respiratory activities in mitochondria isolated from various tumour cells. Cyclic stimulation by Ca(2+) of respiration in mitochondria isolated from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells occurs only when low phosphate concentrations (approx. 0.5mm) are also included in the incubation system. Under these circumstances the extra oxygen consumed is related stoicheiometrically to the amount of Ca(2+) taken up by the mitochondria; the values are similar to those obtained with mitochondria from rat liver in the absence of added phosphate. In contrast with liver mitochondria, up to 280nmol of Ca(2+)/mg of protein can be added to ascites mitochondria without causing any deleterious effect. Respiration in mitochondria isolated from the Yoshida ascites hepatoma (HA 130) and from the Morris hepatomas 5123C and 9618A is also stimulated by Ca(2+) in a cyclic manner. However, that in mitochondria from regenerating rat liver responds to Ca(2+) in the same way as those from normal rat liver. ADP-stimulated respiration in mitochondria from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, but not from rat liver, is inhibited by low amounts of Ca(2+).


The development of plastocyanin in greening bean leaves. The plastocyanin content of etiolated bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was measured, and the development of the protein in response to light was followed. Measurements were made by quantitative extraction of plastocyanin and a sensitive assay with an O(2) electrode. The electron-paramagnetic-resonance (e.p.r.) signal of oxidized plastocyanin was used as an independent check on the validity of the assay method, and on the thoroughness of extraction. After an initial lag period, the amount of plastocyanin in greening bean leaves increased to reach a maximum after 50h illumination. The chlorophyll/plastocyanin ratio reached a maximum value of 200 irrespective of the light intensity at which greening was carried out, suggesting that the synthesis of the two components is co-ordinated. Experiments involving treatment of etiolated seedlings with brief periods of light of different spectral composition indicated that phytochrome is involved in plastocyanin synthesis. The lack of inhibition of plastocyanin synthesis by specific inhibitors of chloroplast protein synthesis suggests that the protein is synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The data are discussed in relation to the development of ferredoxin in greening bean leaves.


Regulation of hepatic L-serine dehydratase and L-serine-pyruvate aminotransferase in the developing neonatal rat. 1. The activities of l-serine dehydratase and l-serine-pyruvate aminotransferase were determined in rat liver during foetal and neonatal development. 2. l-Serine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity begins to develop in late-foetal liver, increases rapidly at birth to a peak during suckling and then decreases at weaning to the adult value. 3. l-Serine dehydratase activity is very low prenatally, but increases rapidly after birth to a transient peak. After a second transient peak around the time weaning begins, activity gradually rises to the adult value. Both of these peaks have similar isoenzyme compositions. 4. In foetal liver both l-serine dehydratase and l-serine-pyruvate aminotransferase activities are increased after injection in utero of glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Cycloheximide or actinomycin D inhibited the prenatal induction of both enzymes and actinomycin D blocked the natural increase of l-serine dehydratase immediately after birth. Glucose or insulin administration also blocked the perinatal increase of l-serine dehydratase. 5. After the first perinatal peak of l-serine dehydratase, activity is increased by cortisol and this is inhibited by actinomycin D. After the second postnatal peak, activity is increased by amino acids or cortisol and this is insensitive to actinomycin D inhibition. Glucose administration blocks the cortisol-stimulated increase in l-serine dehydratase and also partially lowers the second postnatal peak of activity. 6. The developmental patterns of the enzymes are discussed in relation to the pathways of gluconeogenesis from l-serine. The regulation of enzyme activity by hormonal and dietary factors is discussed with reference to the changes in stimuli that occur during neonatal development and to their possible mechanisms of action.


Intranuclear localization and receptor proteins for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in chick intestine. 1. The intranuclear distribution of cholecalciferol and its metabolites was studied in the intestine of rachitic chicks. 2. At high doses of cholecalciferol the nuclei contain the vitamin and its 25-hydroxy metabolite, but over 80% of this is localized on the nuclear membranes. The hormone, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, is found within the cell nuclei irrespective of the intake of cholecalciferol, but significant amounts could not be found with chromatin isolated free of nuclear membranes. 3. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol is associated in the nucleus with an acidic protein. Since one of the actions of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is to control the synthesis of mRNA for calcium-binding protein it was to be expected that the hormone would be bound to chromatin, as with the other steroid hormones. It is suggested that the hormone-receptor complex exists as part of an equilibrium mixture of the complex bound to the DNA and in a free form. 4. A protein extract of nuclei was obtained, which when incubated at 4 degrees C for 1h took up the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. The nature of this binding was studied. 5. There appear to be two nuclear proteins able to bind the hormone one of which is the intestinal nuclear receptor. The binding sites on this protein are saturable with the hormone, have an association constant of 2x10(9)m(-1) and show a high chemical specificity for the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. The number of nuclear binding sites for the hormone provided by this receptor is similar to the maximum intestinal hormone concentration so far observed. Its sedimentation coefficient is 3.5S, and is very close to that observed for the nuclear protein to which is attached the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol formed in vivo from vitamin D. 6. The cytoplasmic protein has an association constant of 1x10(9)m(-1)and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.0S, but its relation with the nuclear receptor is not yet clear.


Virally mediated membrane changes: inverse effects on transport and diffusion. SENDAI VIRUS MODIFIES THE CELL SURFACE IN TWO WAYS: (a) by inhibiting facilitated transport and (b) by enhancing passive diffusion.


Induction of cystathionase in human foetal liver. Incubation of liver explants from second-trimester human foetuses with dexamethasone, glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (plus theophylline) increased the activity of liver cystathionase from unmeasurable or trace values to adult values. Simultaneous incubation with cycloheximide or actinomycin D inhibited this effect.


Experimental induction of immune sialadenitis in guinea-pigs using different adjuvants.


Modulation of autonomic transmission by prostaglandins.


Growth hormone levels during morning and afternoon naps. In order to determine whether sleep onset per se might precipitate the sleep growth hormone (GH) response, sleep EEG-EOG and plasma GH characteristics were studied in 15 healthy young males (AM) sleeping from 8 AM to 10 AM, when REM sleep is known to predominate, and in 14 subjects (PM) sleeping from 4 PM to 6 PM, when slow-wave sleep (SWS) predominates. PM subjects obtained significantly more SWS and less REM sleep than AM subjects. There was wide individual variability in the level and timing of the GH rise during the naps, but GH release was significantly greater during PM naps than during AM naps for the groups as a whole. The difference between conditions reflected primarily the fact that more subjects exhibited frank GH peaks during PM naps than during AM naps. These results indicate that the occurrence of the sleep GH response is not dependent upon sleep onset, and confirm previous reports of an association between the sleep GH response and SWS.


Duration of virus excretion in the throat of asymptomatic household contacts of smallpox patients.


The natural nidality of zoonoses in the Philippines.


Link between carcinogenicity and hepatic metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene.


Lumbar plexitis and rhabdomyolysis following abuse of heroin.


Eye movement frequencies and related paradoxical sleep cycles: developmental changes.


The action of estrogens (Premarin) on the activity of alkaline and acid DNase and RNase in the rat liver parenchyma.


Inhibition of intrarenal angiotensin II effect by (1-Sar-8-Gly-)-AII.


Decreased retention of passive avoidance behaviour in adult rats treated with ACTH in postnatal period.


Bronchial carcinoids. A histopathologic study of 103 cases with special regard to tumoral vessels and stroma.


Degeneration of cytomegalovirus-infected cells in lymph nodes of naturally infected guinea-pigs.


Comparative study of the cytochrome C belonging to various species.


Biochemical abnormalities associated with ocular hypertension and low tension glaucoma.


A study of post-treatment fluctuation of human chorionic gonadotropin in trophoblastic tumor.


Low density lipoproteins.

Low density lipoproteins.


Human plasma high density lipoproteins.

Human plasma high density lipoproteins.


Granulosa-theca cell tumor arising in a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary.


Clinical aspects of hyperlipoproteinaemia.


The structure and metabolism of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).


Some physical and physico-chemical approaches to the structure of serum high density lipoproteins (HDL).


Biosynthesis of plasma lipoproteins.

Biosynthesis of plasma lipoproteins.


The transport and turnover of the plasma cholesterol.


Immunogenic properties of rat hepatoma subcellular fractions. Subcellular fractions from an aminoazo dye induced rat hepatoma (D23) were examined for their ability to evoke rejection responses in syngeneic hosts to transplanted tumour cells and to induce the production of humoral antibody. Membrane fractions isolated by zonal centrifugation and displaying an increased activity of tumour specific antigen (Price and Baldwin, 1974), as well as crude membrane fractions and purified tumour cell ghosts, all elicited tumour specific antibody demonstrable by membrane immunofluorescence staining of viable hepatoma D23 cells. Tumour cell nuclei or soluble cytoplasmic protein were, however, lacking in this capacity. Resistance to tumour cell challenge was not observed in rats treated with any of the hepatoma D23 subcellular fractions administered by various routes either alone or in admixture with bacterial adjuvants. These findings are relevant to current views that tumour immunity may be more optimally achieved by inoculation of intact (viable or attenuated) tumour cells.


The growth of transplanted tumours in mice after chronic inhalation of fresh cigarette smoke. The subcutaneous growth of the Lewis lung tumour in C57BL mice chronically exposed to fresh cigarette smoke was increased above that in age-matched control mice. When murine sarcoma virus (Harvey) induced tumour cells were introduced to the lungs of groups of BALB/c mice, only mice chronically exposed to fresh cigarette smoke died with tumour cells in the lungs. Tumour cell growth in mice during short term cigarette smoke exposure was indistinguishable from that in controls.


B.C.G. suppression of pulmonary metastases from primary rat hepatomata.


Immunoglobulin in health and disease. III. Immunoglobulins in the sera of patients with amoebiasis.


Effect of macrophages on periodate-induced transformation of normal and chronic lymphatic leukaemia lymphocytes.


Cytomegalovirus-induced immune suppression. I. Humoral immunity.


Cytomegalovirus-induced immune suppression. II. Cell-mediated immunity.


A double-blind comparison of the hypolipidemic and hypouricemic action of halofenate and clofibrate in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (types III, IV and V).


Entropy increase of amino acid sequence in protein.


Rehabilitation and chronic mental illness - British models.


Competition between eukaryotic messenger RNAs in cell-free protein synthesis.


Animal behavior: influence of drugs affecting monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission.


Nutritional requirements for Junin virus production in BHK culture cells.


Uptake of progesterone-14C and estradiol-3H by isolated normal mammary parenchymal and cancer cells of the rat.


A study of the histochemical activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in rat jejunum epithelium in post-natal ontogenesis.


The lowered serum phospholipids in alpha-lipoprotein in patients with atherosclerosis.


Giant cell myoblastoma.

Giant cell myoblastoma.


Treatment of haemangiomas with corticosteroids.


Effects of marker gas and method on closing volume.


Transmission abolished on a cholinergic synapse after injection of acetylcholinesterase into the presynaptic neurone.


Biphasic effect of cyclic AMP on an immune response.


Interaction of paramyxovirus with erythrocyte membranes modified by concanavalin A.


Polyunsaturated fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinemia. I. Influences of a sucrose-rich diet on fatty acid composition of serum lipoprotein lipids.


Polyunsaturated fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinemia. II. Administration of essential phospholipids in hypertriglyceridemia.


Neurological features in freon freakout.


Giant axonal neuropathy -- a third case.


Cyclic guanosine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphates in canine thyroid: localization by immunofluorescence. When guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) are localized in canine thyroid by a flurescence Immunocytochemical procedure, distinct staining patterns for each nucleotide are seen: Cyclic AMP is distributed throughout the follicular cell cytoplasm before and after administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, while cyclic GMP is localized to the follicular cell mumbrane in the control state, and increased cytoplasmic fluorescence is visualized after acetylcholine. These data provide histological evidence that correlates with cyclic nucleotide tissue measurements, sugesting diverse roles of the two nucleotides in thyroid function.


MIF-like activity in simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 fibroblast cultures. Simian virus 40-transformed fibroblasts (SV3T3), as compared with their untransformed counterparts (3T3), elaborate a macromolecular product that inhibits macrophage migration and causes macrophages to aggregate and lose one type of cell coat material. I'he SV3T3 cells also lack this surface material relative to 3T3 cells. There may be a relationz between migration inhibition factor (MIF), the cell coat, and cell migration.


DNA ligase: structure, mechanism, and function. DNA ligase of E. coli is a polypeptide of molecular weight 75,000. The comparable T4-induced enzyme is somewhat smaller (63,000 to 68,000). Both enzymes catalyze the synthesis of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in nicked duplex DNA, coupled to the cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond of DPN (E. coli) or ATP (T4). Phosphodiester bond synthesis catalyzed by both enzymes occurs in a series of these discrete steps and involves the participation of two covalent intermediates (Fig. 1). A steady state kinetic analysis of the reaction-catalyzed E. coli ligase supports this mechanism, and further demonstrates that enzyme-adenylate and DNA-adenylate are kinetically significant intermediates on the direct path of phosphodiester bond synthesis. A strain of E. coli with a mutation in the structural gene for DNA ligase which results in the synthesis of an abnormally thermolabile enzyme is inviable at 42 degrees C. Although able to grow at 30 degrees C, the mutant is still defective at this temperature in its ability to repair damage to its DNA caused by ultraviolet irradiation and by alkylating agents. At 42 degrees C, all the newly replicated DNA is in the form of short 10S "Okazaki fragments," an indication that the reason for the mutant's failure to survive under these conditions is its inability to sustain the ligation step that is essential for the discontinuous synthesis of the E. coli chromosome. DNA ligase is therefore an essential enzyme required for normal DNA replication and repair in E. coli. Purified DNA ligases have proved to be useful reagents in the construction in vitro of recombinant DNA molecules.


Vitamin D in solution: conformations of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and dihydrotachysterol3. Solution conformations of the A and seco B rings of vitamin D(3), 1(alpha), 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), 1(alpha)-hydroxyvitamin D(3), and dihydrotachysterol(3) have been established by high resolution, 300-megahertz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The A ring of these steroids is dynamically equilibrated between two chair conformers. For vitamin D(3), 1(alpha)-hydroxyvitamin D(3), and 1(alpha),25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) the relative proportions of the two conformers are 1 : 1, whereas dihydrotachysterol3 exists principally as only one conformer. Thus, the substituent groups on the A ring may be either equatorially or axially oriented, and suggests a refinement of the existing topological model for vitamin D hormonal activity.


Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in sympathetic ganglia: increase assoicated with synaptic transmission. Brief stimulation of cholinergic preganglionic nerve fibers resulted in an increase in guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion. When the release of synaptic transmitter was prevented by a high-magnesium, low-calcium Ringer solution, stimulation of preganglionic nerve fibers did not increase cyclic GMP in the ganglion. The increase in cyclic GMP caused by preganglionic stimulation was also blocked by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. The data indicate that the increase in cyclic GMP is associated with synaptic transmission and support the possibility that cyclic GMP may mediate the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine at muscarinic cholinergic synapses.


Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in rat caudate nucleus: demonstration of dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors. Dopamine, apomorphine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine each increased the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in slice of rat caudate nucleus. The concentrations of dopamine, apomorphine isoproterenol, and norepinephrine causing half-maximal increases were 60, 150, 0.03 and 30 micromoles per liter, respectively. The effect of dopamine was blocked by fluphenazine, a dopamine receptor antagonist, but not by propranolol, a beta-andrenergic receptor antagonist. Conversely, the effect of isoproterenol was blocked by propranolol but not by fluphenazine. The results suggest that in rat caudate nucleus there are two distinct catecholamine receptors capable of causing increased concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, one having the characteristic of dopamine receptor, and the other having the characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptor.


Surgical stress: decrease in plasma testosterone levels due to hypersecretion of ACTH?


Is the fixation of observable mutations distributed randomly among the three nucleotide positions of the codon?


Eukaryote evolution: a view based on cytochrome c sequence data.


The effect of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on urea-catalyzed phosphorylation reactions.


Catalysts for the self-polymerization of adenosine cyclic 2', 3'-phosphate.


Regulation of energy metabolism in liver mitochondria from hibernating ground squirrels.


Absence of the pectoralis major, with ipsilateral aplasia of the radius, thumb, hemidiaphragm and lung: an extreme expression of poland anomaly?


Outbreak of encephalitis in the coal mine area near Asansol--a preliminary note.


Outbreak of encephalitis due to Japanese encephalitis in Bankura--a preliminary report.


Prenatal diagnosis of genetic abnormalities.


Hypertension in pregnancy.

Hypertension in pregnancy.


Effect of median eminence extract on corticosterone uptake by the anterior pituitary in rats.


Studies on 3H-aldosterone binding by rat kidney tissue.


Induction of estradiol--binding receptors in the uterus of intact and ovariectomized rats.


Serological studies on enteroviruses by the gel precipitation test.


Clinical and electroneuromyographical findings in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies.


Behavioural changes in phototherapy.

Behavioural changes in phototherapy.


The infant sleep profile.

The infant sleep profile.


Phosphatases and epidermal nucleolysis.

Phosphatases and epidermal nucleolysis.


Synovial sarcoma of the tongue: report of a case.


Spontaneous septal neuron activity in the rat.


[3H]estradiol binding macromolecules in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary of normal female, androgenized female and male rats.


Transfer of the hippocampal output by the anterior thalamic nuclei.


Influence of trigeminal nucleus caudalis on the responses of cat trigeminal brain stem neurones with orofacial mechanoreceptive fields.


Life course of patients discharged from two nursing homes.


Interaction between divalent ions and ribosomes during in vitro protein synthesis: a Mn (II) electron spin resonance study.


Effects of acute free fatty acid mobilization on the heart.


Increased turnover of mitochondrial constituents in cardiac hypertrophy and acute hypoxia in the rat.


Cyclic AMP levels in the acutely ischemic myocardium of the dog and guinea pig.


Functional significance of the malate-aspartate shuttle for the oxidation of cytoplasmic reducing equivalents in rat heart.


Early changes in acute cardiac overload: studies on adenyl cyclase activity, cyclic 3'5'-AMP, and myosin synthesis.


Participation of catecholamines and cortical hormones in the myocardial metabolic adaptation to mechanical overload of the heart.


The effect of gibberellic acid on the production of alpha-amylase in Bacillus subtilis.


Proceedings: An evaluation of the absorption spectra of antigens from Entamoeba histolytica (Ibadan strains).


Proceedings: Histochemical distribution of alkaline phosphates and alkaline pyrophosphates in relation to matrix production and calcium salts deposition.


Proceedings: Phosphatases in the taste buds and taste bud-carrying papillae of the dog.


Experimental ovarian tumors in mice: incidence, ultrastructure and in vitro steroid biosynthesis.


The metabolism of alpha,alpha-trehalose.


Proteins of polyoma virus and SV40.

Proteins of polyoma virus and SV40.


Ultrastructural changes in psoriatic epidermis following anthralin treatment.


The morphological variations of fibrous histiocytomas.


Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in human epidermal tumors. 2. Enzymes of the glucose oxidation pathway, from triose-phosphate to pyruvate.


Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma metastatic to skin.


Porocarcinoma associated with extramammary Paget's disease.


Lichen striatus: a clinical, histologic and electron microscopic study of an unusual case.


The interference of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol with the biogenesis of mitochondria in animal tissues. A possible clue to the toxic action.


Clinical phenotypes in kidney transport disorders. Approximately 20 inherited disorders of kidney transport occurring in man have so far been defined. Most of these diseases have characteristic clinical profiles. They can be divided into four groups: 1) the amino acid transport mutations which include the cystinurias, hyperdibasicaminoaciduria, Joseph syndrome, Hartnup disease, and the methionine malabsorption syndrome: 2) the sugar transport mutations characterized by glucose (renal glucosuria), and glucose-galactose malabsorption; 3) the electrolyte and water transport disorders, among which are familial hypophosphatemic rickets, vitamin D-dependent rickets, pseudohypoparathyroidism, proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; and 4) the "mixed" kidney transport mutations such as the "Busby", Fanconi, Lowe, Luder-Sheldon syndromes, and glucoglycinuria.


Autosomal recessive nonhyperaminoaciduric vitamin D-dependent rickets. This report describes two sibs from a consanguineous marriage who have a form of rickets similar to vitamin-D-dependency, but without hyperaminoaciduria. Genetic heterogeneity is discussed on the basis of this finding.


Serial isolation of variola virus in the throat of household contacts of smallpox cases.


Inorganic particle content of foods and drugs. Inorganic particulate matter in foods and drugs is discussed from the standpoint of determination by optical microscopy, source, and regulatory significance. Some particulate matter may be generated as extraneous material and traced to specific operational practices during processing and production with excessive levels associated with deficiencies in good manufacturing practices. Other particles, such as talc and asbestos, may be incorporated as additives during their use in production. Data on particles in parenteral drugs are discussed generally. Specific data on glass particles in foods and sand and soil particles in spices are presented.


Inorganic particles of agricultural origin. Substantial quantities of mineral silicates are used as carriers for agricultural pest control agents. Most of this material is applied by air dissemination, either dry or as a droplet spray. Therefore, pulmonary and gastric deposition of the mineral carriers (and active agents) will occur among pesticide application personnel and some proportion of the general population in the vicinity of pest control operations-to the extent that particle size of the disseminated material is below the critical 5mum respirable diameter. Furthermore, ingestion of particulates deposited on food crops may be expected as well as mineral finding its way into drinking water supplies. It has been found that the silicates widely used in America can contain three forms of asbestos, anthophyllite, tremolite, and chrysolite. Of these, anthophyllite and chrysotile have been found associated with a neoplastic outcome after many years of exposure. It is therefore proposed that comprehensive mineralogical investigation of pesticide carriers is warranted, including epidemiological and clinical study of formulation and application personnel as well as exposed nonoccupational populations.


Hair--metal binding.

Hair--metal binding. Extensive ambient extraction of several metals from human hair compromises some assumptions concerning the binding of metals to hair and the biochemical process of metal incorporation into hair. Hair metal concentrations can reveal metal intoxications and metal deficiencies.The scalp hair selected for investigation included specimens of different colors from both sexes for various donor ages and from different geographic exposure areas. The hair samples were washed by agitation for 30 min with a 1% solution of sodium lauryl sulfate in a pH 7.2 buffer, rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, and oven-dried at 110 degrees C before 2-g portions were taken for extraction and digestion. Extraction involved agitation of the washed hair samples for 21 hr with 40 ml of 1% nitric acid at room temperature (23 degrees C). The extracted hair was digested in order to quantitate the amount of metal that was not extracted. Metal measurements were made by conventional flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Potential interferences were investigated. Extraction varied between 82 and 100% for Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Removal of Fe, Ni, and Cu was 33-54%. Anatomical location, binding chemistry, biochemical incorporation, and mass screening are discussed.


Small animals in the study of pathological effects of asbestos. The main pathological effects attributed to asbestos are carcinogenesis and fibrogenesis. Statistical studies have shown that asbestos workers may expect a higher morbidity not only from cancer of the lung and mesothelioma but also from cancer at other sites. Carcinomas have been reported in animals following the injection of asbestos, but the production of carcinomas by inhaled asbestos is less easy to demonstrate; most examples of experimental carcinogenesis with asbestos have been produced in rats. Rats and man react differently to asbestos in that rats do not produce asbestos bodies. The fibrosis that follows inhalation of asbestos has been frequently described, but studies with specific pathogen free animals have shown that, like the fibrosis that may follow the inhalation of silica dust, gross fibrosis involving the production of abnormal amount of collagen probably requires the intervention of infection as well as asbestos. Because of the difficulties encountered in the direct investigation of carcinogenesis and fibrogenesis resulting from the inhalation of asbestos, attention has been directed to the mechanisms by which the lung is able to protect itself against these fibrous dusts. While non-fibrous dusts and short fibers can be ingested by macrophages and removed via the bronchus, the long fibers that may also reach the alveolar regions may not be removed by this mechanism. The probability that a fiber may reach the alveoli depends largely on the fiber diameter and only to a small extent on the fiber length, so that, for example, fibers 100 mum long may reach the alveoli of a guinea pig. These long fibers may become coated with a ferroprotein derived from hemoglobin to form an asbestos body and, after morphological changes, the asbestos body may be broken up, the fragments ingested by macrophages and dissolved. The lung is thus cleared of asbestos. In the guinea pig lung, consolidated areas from which the asbestos has disappeared shows signs of return to normal. THIS CLEARANCE MECHANISM IS INHIBITED BY OTHER FACTORS: quartz dust may almost completely inhibit asbestos body formation; tobacco smoke has a considerable effect, and even very heavy loads of carbon may act similarly. The normal lung appears able to efficiently eliminate small loads of both nonfibrous and fibrous dust, including the carcinogenic asbestos fibers. The capacity is not unlimited, however, and when the load is heavy there is a much greater probability that fibers will not be detoxicated. In addition, other factors such as silica dust and tobacco smoke may remove the protective mechanism in the lungs.


Immunogenicity of fungi for the production of reaginic antibody in the rat. Immunogenicity of culture filtrates of various air-born fungi with respect to reaginic antibody formation was tested in the rat. Animals immunized with two successive injections of culture filtrates of fungi with the aid of Bordetella pertussis vaccine as an adjuvant produced fairly high titers of reaginic antibodies of the IgE class. Little cross-reactivity was detected between reagins induced by different strains of fungi. The reaginic immunogenicity was only found in the culture fieltrate produced by the surface culture, in which large amounts of conidia were formed, but not in the filtrate obtained from the shaking culture, in which only mycelial components were growing. Therefore, it was suggested that allergens responsible for the reaginic antibody formation derive from the conidium but not from the mycelium. The results indicate that air-born fungi are potentially immunogenic for production of reaginic antibodies, and further suggest their causative roles in human atopic diseases.


Modification of biological surface activity of particles. The hemolytic activity of fibrous asbestos varieties and of fibrous or granular silica dust can be markedly reduced by adsorption of polymers. Polyanions exert a specific action on asbestos, particularly chrysotile, whereas silica is inactivated by nonionic polymers. A high degree of reduction of the lytic action by comparatively small amounts of the antagonistic polymers can be demonstrated after short exposure to concentrations of 0.1-0.4 mg/ml of appropriate polymers. Inactivation is based on stable adsorption. Repeated washings of inactivated mineral sediments or exposure to elevated temperatures (80-120 degrees C) produced no essential loss of the reduction of lytic potency. In one example, inactivation of chrysotile by sodium alginate, depolymerization by ascorbic acid was also ineffective.


T- and B-lymphocytes in immunological disorders. The lymphocytes from the patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases and those under immunosuppressive conditions such as viral infection or administration of antimetabolites were studied by various parameters of T- and B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocyte specific antigen, spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes, phytohaemagglutinin response of the lymphocytes and delayed hypersensivity skin reaction were used to assess T-lymphocytes, while complement receptor, surface immunoglobulin, serum immunoglobulin levels and antibody response to antigens were estimated as parameters of B-lymphocytes. 9 of infantile agammaglobulinemia, 8 severe combined immunodeficiency, 5 ataxia telangiectasia, d Di-George syndrome, 11 common variable immunodeficiency, 3 isolated IgA deficiency and 4 cases thymectomized more than 10 years previously were studied and discussed for the results. The peripheral blood lymphocytes, especially T-lymphocytes were reduced in the acute stage of measles infection, while they were increased in infectious mononucleosis caused by EB (Epstein-Barr) virus. Atypical lymphocytes observed in the later disease seemed to originate from mainly T-lymphocytes. Cyclophosphamide had suppressive effect selectively on B-lymphocytes.


Fibrogenesis.

Fibrogenesis. A review of fibrogenesis by asbestos fibers is given. There is nothing to indicate that the fibrogenic effects of inhaled asbestos fibers should differ in any way from those of ingested asbestos. Recently, ingestion has assumed some importance concerning human exposure. Three sections dealing with the process of fibrogenesis are covered: the first deals with in vitro fibrogenesis, in particular the interrelation of macrophages damaged by dusts and the subsequent laying down of collagen by fibroblasts in culture; the second deals with in vivo fibrogenesis after the inoculation of extracts of silica-treated macrophages into various animals, and the third, with the fibrogenicity of a wide variety of mineral fibers in man and experimental animals. Recent studies described in the first section of the present review appear to offer a better understanding of the effects of macrophages on fibroblasts after tissue damage of various kinds has occurred.


Tumorigenic effect of fibrous dusts in experimental animals. Fibrous dusts (chrysotile, glass fibers, nemalite, palygorscite, and gypsum) and granular dusts (actinolite, biotite, hematite, pectolite, sanidine, and talcum) were injected intraperitoneally into rats. The fibrous dusts (other than gypsum) resulted in a high incidence of mesothelioma (30 - 67%). Gypsum produced only 5% and granular dusts none at all. It is suggested that the fibrous shape leads to a high multiplication rate of cells and predisposes to tumor formation. Fibrosis, in the other hand, does not so predispose. Milled chrysotile with 99.8% fibers than 5 mum in length are carcinogenic in our experience. The carcinogenicity of glass fibers in our experiments may have significance for occupational situations.


Pharmacology of fibrosis and tissue injury. Methods controlling tissue fibrosis are classified into those specifically inhibiting various metabolic aspects of collagen selectively in the injured tissue (ascorbic acid deficiency, effect of agent chelating Fe(2+), proline analogs, lathyrogens). The most promising method seems to be the blocking of crosslinks formation among collagen molecules by beta-aminopropionitrile, a competitive inhibitor of a crosslinking enzyme, lysyl oxidase. The second group of methods is called nonspecific, as they affect any stage of inflammatory process preceding the activation of fibroblasts. The importance of activated macrophages in the stimulation of fibroblast is discussed. Finally, a new concept is proposed, indicating the function of zinc ions in the control of the integrity of biomembrances, tissue reactivity to noxious agents. It is suggested that zinc may control NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation at the membrane level by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity. The implication of these ideas to lung fibrosis induced by silica or asbestos is discussed.


Chromosomal integrity of cell substrates--a safety consideration.


Interferon bioassay methods and the development of standard procedures: a critique and analysis of current observations.


Clinical testing of human interferon in infectious diseases.


Spontaneous haemoperitoneum: a report of three cases. Three cases of spontaneous haemoperitoneum have been presented. One patient with ruptured hapatoma died; the remaining two with ruptured normal vessels survived. The literature has been briefly reviewed and the conclusion is drawn that operative intervention is mandatory in these cases.


Effect of water-soluble contrast media on cortically evoked potentials in the cat.


Methiodal sodium and metrizamide in lumbar myelography.


Epileptogenic effect of water-soluble contrast media. An experimental investigation in rabbits.


Reactions to suboccipital injection of water-soluble contrast media in rabbits.


Critique: an experimental study of the effect of an interpersonal nursing approach on an adrenal stress index in hospitalized medical patients.


Experiences with hycanthone methanesulfonate (etrenol) in the treatment of S. mansoni.


Theta spindles in human R.E.M. sleep.

Theta spindles in human R.E.M. sleep.


Vitamin D, calcium, and protein synthesis.


The role of phosphorylase kinase in the nervous and hormonal control of glycogenolysis in muscle.


Calcium ions and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase.


Radiotherapy for carcinoma of bronchus.

Radiotherapy for carcinoma of bronchus.


Extrahypothalamic factors in the regulation of ACTH release.


The Wilm's tumor--old and new facts I. Clinical features and tumour biology.


The Wilms' tumour--old and new facts III. special problems in therapy.


The possible participation of rem sleep in the regulation of cerebral excitability.


Dissecting the genome of a small tumor virus.


Wilms' tumor and its treatment.

Wilms' tumor and its treatment.


Soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood.

Soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood.


Treatment of primary liver tumors.

Treatment of primary liver tumors.


Late effects of cancer treatment: methods and techniques for detection.


Morphology of lung cancer.

Morphology of lung cancer.


The strategy of RNA viruses.

The strategy of RNA viruses.


Signs and symptoms of bronchogenic carcinoma.


Lung cancer: diagnosis in metastatic sites.


Surgical therapy in lung cancer: biologic, physiologic, and technical determinants.


Divergent properties of two human lymphocytic cell lines isolated from a single specimen of peripheral blood.


Propagation in vitro of functional rat adrenal cortical cells: modifications of the differentiated state by culture conditions.


Immunologic aspects of BCG-mediated regression of established tumors and metastases in guinea pigs.


Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in extended bovine semen 1.


A program for eradication of infectious laryngotracheitis from New England poultry flocks.


Foreign Animal Disease Committee. Changes in the status of foreign animal diseases. World-wide situation since the previous meeting.


Recent developments in the biology of avian oncornaviruses.


Bovine RNA tumor viruses.

Bovine RNA tumor viruses.


Bluetongue virus in cattle: complement fixing antibody response and viremia in experimentally infected animals.


Receptors for polypeptide hormones: direct studies of insulin binding to purified liver plasma membranes.


Licensing and use of the calf scour vaccine.


Licensing and use of the calf scours vaccine.--Part II. An analysis of Scourvax-Reo.


The use of the micro-modified direct-CF-test in the detection of IBR and BVD antibodies.


Feline RNA tumor viruses.

Feline RNA tumor viruses.


Bovine papular stomatitis--ultrastructural studies.


Application of immuno-peroxidase techniques for the detection of foot-and mouth disease virus antigens.


Clinical and serological response of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) to viruses of African swine fever, hog cholera, rinderpest, vesicular exanthema of swine, vesicular stomatitis and foot-and-mouth disease.


Thermal inactivation data for swine vesicular disease virus.


Swine vesicular disease: virus survival in pork products.


Experimental transmission of congenital tremors in swine.


Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea.


Circadian and ultradian corticosterone rhythms in adrenal organ cultures.


Chronopharmacology in animals.

Chronopharmacology in animals.


The physiology of the mammalian hypothalamo-adenopophysal-adrenal glucocorticoid system - a new hypothesis.


Endocrine and other physiological derangements following long-term glucocorticoid therapy.


Circadian ACTH-adrenal rhythm in man.

Circadian ACTH-adrenal rhythm in man.


Protection by timing treatment according to bodily rhythms - an analogy to protection by scrubbing before surgery.


Chronopharmacological attempt to avoid the inhibitory corticoid effect during long-term treatment.


Non-interference in circadian rhythm during clinical use of corticoids.


ACTH secretion and clinical investigations.


Clinical evaluation of corticoid administration of rheumatoid arthritis.


Study in multiple sclerosis with a plurichronocorticoid respecting the circadian rhythms.


Observations on plasma cortisol and ACTH in chronic liver disease and after chronocorticosteroid treatment.


Modulation of the circadian rhythm of CRF activity in the rat hypothalamus.


Gonadotroping binding and activation of the interstitial cells of the testis.


Conformational and metabolic aspects of gonadotropins.


Coupled events in the early biochemical actions of FSH on the Sertoli cells of the testis.


The role of carbohydrate in the biological function of human chorionic gonadotropin.


Binding of human FSH and its subunits to rat testis.


FSH binding in rat testes during maturation and following hypophysectomy. Cellular localization  of FSH receptors.


In vitro binding and autoradiographic localization of human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle stimulating hormone in rat testes during development.


FSH receptors in rat testis: chemical properties and solubilization studies.


The effects of FSH on cell preparations from the rat testis.


Evidence for multiple, cell specific, distinctive adenylate cyclase systems in rat testis.


Computer analysis of the binding reaction between hCG and gonadotropin receptors of the rat testis.


Characteristics of soluble gonadotropin receptors for LH and HCG.


Apparent positive cooperativity in the mechanism of action of luteinizng hormone. In vitro accumulation of cyclic AMP by rat Leydig cell preparation and mouse tumor Leydig cells in response to exogenous LH appears to display an apparent Hill coefficient of 2.5. This is suggestive of positive cooperativity at a level intermediate between binding and cyclic AMP production, although several alternative hypothesis cannot be excluded on the basis of these data alone. The Hill coefficient for testosterone is higher than unity, although it has not been established with adequate precision in these experiments.


Functional groups in ovine luteinizing hormone and their receptor site interactions-a chemical study.


Tumours of the intestines.

Tumours of the intestines.


Tumours of the skin.

Tumours of the skin.


Tumours of the pancreas.

Tumours of the pancreas.


Tumours of the mammary gland.

Tumours of the mammary gland.


197Hg-scintigraphy and 133Xe-radiospirometry (regional lung function) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tumour. A preliminary report.


Radioaerosol and xenon gas inhalation and lung perfusion scintigraphy.


A report of pigeon pox in Sudan.

A report of pigeon pox in Sudan.


Virus isolations from cases of infectious bovine pustlo-vulvovaginitis and posthitis (IPV/IPB) in cattle in Tanzania.


Camel pox virus in Egypt. I-isolation and characterization.


Synaptic organization of the medial and descending vestibular nuclei: an electron microscopical study.


Identification of inferior vestibular nerve lesions.


The incidence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis antibody in Tanzanian game animals and cattle.


Maternal and fetal infection.

Maternal and fetal infection.


What's your diagnosis, doctor?

What's your diagnosis, doctor?


Adrenergic mechanisms coordinating circulatory and excretory functions by meditation of renin secretion. Phentolamine-induced blockade of alpha-adrenoreceptors and subsequent beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation by intravenous injection of adrenaline or phenylephrine (Mezaton) in anaesthtized dogs was accompanied by an elevation of plasma renin activitiy in peripheral blood and a reduction of renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. On the basis of his findings the author formulates his hypothesis that in extreme haemodynamic shifts, caused by changes in vascular tone, the renin-angiotensin system is the intrarenal mediator of natriuretic reaction, ensuring the coordination of circulatory and excretory functions in the overall regulation of water and electrolyte balance by modification of water and electrolyte excretion.


Clinical factors determining curative tumor dose. The dominant factor determining treatment policy, when considering radiotherapy of a neoplastic disorder, is the biologic nature of the tumor process in relation to its spatial configuration. This is also the important factor determining curative tumor dose. With the exception of very small tumors and certain important radiosensitive conditions, it is the effect on normal tissues which defines the limits of irradiation and which effectively determines the prescription of dosage. The relationship between dose and volume is basic to this discussion and is considered with particular reference to the integrity of mesenchyme. When comparing the radiosensitivities of tumor and host tissues, it is important to compare like with like. The ultimate effect on a tumor is measured functionally, in terms of suppressing the only function by which the tumour is recognized--its capacity for indefinite proliferation--and reflected in 5- and 10-year cure rates. The effects on normal tissues should therefore be similarly measured in dynamic terms of the final functional state rather than on any transient structural appearance. These features are considered in relation to three different clinical situations: certain radiosensitive tumors, accessible primary tumors of limited sensitivity, and large tumors situated deeply. It is emphasized that curative treatment requires careful clinical appraisal of all the relevant features in each individual patient. The state of both tumor and host reaction may change significantly during the period of treatment and there is no alternative to continuous clinical observation using all the ancillary aids available.


Curability of cancer in children.

Curability of cancer in children. The case records of 173 patients treated for cancer during childhood, free of disease at least 5 years later and free of disease in 1967 were reviewed. There were 84 boys and 89 girls. Tumor types were lymphomas, including one acute leukemia, sarcomas of the bone and soft parts, Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma and carcinomas. Among the long survivors there were clusters in the less than 1-year age group and more than twelve years. Although many of the children were well adjusted in later life, others developed emotional problems. Cancer detection in a well child population for the tumors characteristically seen in the different age groups is the responsibility of the parents and physicians rendering health supervision to the children.


Chemotherapy and radiotherapy--competitors or partners? Radiation is curative in many types of localized cancer, whereas chemotherapy is rarely curative in either localized or widespread cancer. For this reason, chemotherapy should never be employed in any situation where it might hinder or prevent the administration of a potentially curative dose of radiation. However, in Burkitt's tumor in Africa, where a multicentric origin seems to be much more probable, cyclophosphamide, 40 mg/kg intravenously repeated every 3 to 4 weeks, has occasionally been curative. In the treatment of Wilms' tumor, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are essential for optimal results. In acute leukemia, chemotherapy with the conventional agents, as well as newer drugs such as cytosine arabinoside and L-asparaginase, is the treatment of choice, with radiation being useful mainly in treatment of localized disease in the bones or in the central nervous system. The great interest in L-asparaginase at the present time lies in the fact that certain neoplastic cells have a specific nutritional requirement for the amino acid L-asparagine, whereas no normal cells appear to have this requirement. In many cases of advanced neoplastic disease, the partnership of radiation therapy to reduce large bulky lesions composed to a large extent of nonproliferating cells, followed by chemotherapy to destroy the few surviving and now perhaps proliferating cells remaining in the original mass or in metastases, would seem to offer the greatest promise of theoretical and practical benefit.


Renal tumors in the neonatal period.

Renal tumors in the neonatal period. Eight infants with renal tumors diagnosed in the first month of life are presented. Three well-differentiated mesenchymal tumors were studied using angiographic and electron-microscopic techniques in addition to conventional histologic methods. The morphology of these unusual tumors is presented in detail and classification as benign fibromyoma or fibromyomatous hamartoma is defended. An association between renal tumors in the newborn and maternal polyhydramnios is also documented for the first time.


Endolymphatic radiotherapy in malignant lymphomas. A clinical evaluation of 285 patients. The authors report treatment of inguinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes of 285 malignant lymphomas (143 Hodgkin's disease and 142 lymphoreticular sarcomas) with Lipiodol Fluide 131I (endolymphatic radiotherapy). From 1961 to 1966 the radioactive contrast material was injected in doses ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 mc/cc (10 cc each foot). Adequately opacified nodes responded promptly with marked and progressive reduction in size. When indicated, a second administration of Lipiodol 131I in a dose of 2.5 mc/cc was always feasible. Several factors prevented a homogeneous and satisfactory distribution of radioactive contrast material throughout the iliac and the para-aortic nodes in one third of the cases. Therefore, in many instances patients had to be treated with external radiation therapy. Histopathologic examination of lymph nodes removed at exploratory laparotomy (four cases) or at autopsy (ten cases) confirmed that Lipiodol 131I did not fill all the iliac and para-aortic nodes and that destruction of lymphomatous tissue was often incomplete. Recurrences were seen mostly in abnormal adequately filled nodes opacified with high doses of Lipiodol 131I. In Hodgkin's disease they occurred particularly in the para-aortic area and in lymphoreticular sarcomas in the inguinal and iliac chains. Side effects were minimal. They included amenorrhea, pulmonary insufficiency, hepatic failure and hemolytic anemia. Clinical and histologic signs of pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis were not seen. The authors conclude that endolymphatic radiotherapy should not be considered as a radical treatment for retroperitoneal adenopathies in malignant lymphomas and that its role as a prophylactic therapeutic tool deserves more extensive long-term studies.


Conduction velocity of peripheral nerves and electromyography in infants and children. The methods used to measure the conduction velocity of peripheral motor nerves in arms and legs and of the distal part of sensory fibres in the hand are demonstrated. Normal values in infancy, childhood and adolescence are given and discussed in relation to the maturation of the peripheral nervous system. This maturation is further elucidated by a study of the conduction velocity of peripheral motor nerves in different groups of mentally retarded children. The normal values in different ages also serve as a reference with which to compare a value found in a child with a possibly impaired function of the peripheral nerves. Conduction velocity of peripheral nerves is normal in diseases affecting the anterior horn cells or the muscles. It is abnormally low in diseases primarily localized in the peripheral nerves. It is thus a diagnostic tool in establishing a diagnosis of polyneuropathy, a condition, which may be particularly hard to diagnose clinically in children because of the difficulties in performing a good sensory examination in young child. The clinical conditions, in which measuring of conduction velocity of peripheral nerves may be of great help, are discussed. The technique of performing electromyography is briefly reviewed. The findings in normal children of different ages are discussed in relation to the maturation of the neuromuscular system. Abnormalities typical of different diseases of the peripheral neurones and the muscles are described. Finally, the clinical conditions are discussed in which electromyography may be of diagnostic help.


Ultrastructure of molar trophoblast. Observations on hydatidiform mole and chorioadenoma destruens. The ultrastructure of molar trophoblast is described in hydatidiform mole and chorioadenoma destruens. Villous molar trophoblast exhibits only minor deviations from normal early villous trophoblast. Invasive trophoblast of chorioadenoma destruens shows features of more-active cell growth, multiplication, differentiation, and degradation. Evidence for evolution of highly differentiated syncytial trophoblast via intermediate stages from primitive undifferentiated cytotrophoblast is confirmed. Cytoplasmic inclusions resembling virus-like particles, observed in chorioadenoma destruens, have not been hitherto described in normal or pathologic trophoblast.


Quantitative histological distribution of serotonin in the rat stomach. The quantitative histological distributions of serotonin in the body of the glandular stomach of the fed, fasted, and adrenocorticotrophin [ACTH]-injected rat were established. A tendency to greater serotonin concentrations in the epithelial cell region was found in both the fed and ACTH-treated (10 mg of ACTH in 1 ml of saline, intraperitoneally, 1 hr before killing) states. An elevated concentration observed in the submucosal zone of the fed and fasted animals was shifted to the chief cell zone following the ACTH treatment of the fed rats. This treatment was not given to the fasted animals. Relatively low concentrations were seen in the parietal and mucous neck cell region, in the chief cell zone except for the ACTH influence, and in the muscle. The higher concentration of serotonin in the submucosa may be related to increased innervation and numbers of mast cells, the greater concentration in the epithelial area to mast cell number, and the presence of material on the surface of the mucosa. The latter might also account for the greater concentration in the epithelial zone of the fed rats compared with the fasted rats. Clear differences are apparent in the distribution of serotonin reported in this communication and of histamine reported earlier.


Adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate: intracellular mediator for methyl xanthine stimulation of gastric secretion. We postulated that methyl xanthines stimulate hydrochloric acid production in the isolated frog gastric mucosa by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase that destroys adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). In support of this theory, several criteria were satisfied. Exogenously supplied cyclic AMP stimulated hydrogen and chloride transport in the spontaneously secreting mucosa and in the non-acid secreting mucosa in a similar fashion as did the methyl xanthines. Methyl xanthines increased the mucosal content of cyclic AMP, and the increase preceded the secretory response; thereafter, the magnitude of these two quantities paralleled each other. A correspondence was found between the concentration of methyl xanthines that affected acid secretion and the concentration of methyl xanthines that affected the tissue content of cyclic AMP. Theophylline was more effective than caffeine in increasing cyclic AMP content, which is in accord with the previously reported differences in their effect on acid secretion and phosphodiesterase activity.


Juvenile polyps with cachexia. Report of an infant and comparison with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome in adults. Juvenile polyps occur in adults and infants; where multiple, they may be complicated by progressive cachexia with hypoalbuminemia and electrolyte depletion. We report a fatal case of multiple juvenile polyposis with cachexia, alopecia, and megalocephaly presenting in a 9-month-old infant, and review 2 additional cases in infancy. A similar syndrome in adults had been described by Cronkhite and Canada, with intestinal polyposis, nail dystrophy, hyperpigmentation, and alopecia. Histological examination of a polyp from one case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome suggests a juvenile rather than adenomatous pathology. Multiple juvenile polyps can cause devastating enteropathy and cachexia.


Collagen proline hydroxylase in wound healing, granuloma formation, scurvy, and growth. Compared to homologous tissues from adult animals, rapidly growing embryonic and fetal tissues contain large amounts of collagen proline hydroxylase. Lung and skin from scorbutic guinea pigs contain one-third as much enzyme as normal tissues do. A rapid increase in proline hydroxylase occurs on the 2nd day of formation of granuloma after injection of carrageenan and on the 4th day of wound healing. The increase in enzyme activity is associated with the onset of collagen biosynthesis and deposition.


Vitamins D2 and D3 in new world primates: influence on calcium absorption. In Cebus albifrons monkeys it was demonstrated that vitamin D(3) promotes the intestinal absorption of calcium-47 and that vitamin D(2) does not increase absorption above that seen in monkeys deficient in vitamin D. These data support previous observations that vitamin D(2) is not effective in preventing metabolic bone disease in this species.


Cochlear function and sodium and potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase. The maintenance of the cation gradients between endolymph and perilymph in the cochlea requires the operation of a cation pump. An adenosine triphosphatase system activated by sodium and potassium is present in high activity in the cochlear membranes (tegmentum vasculosum and stria vascularis). The cochlear microphonic potential is inhibited by perilymphatic perfusion of ouabain and erythrophleine. Since the microphonic potential depends on the high concentration of potassium ions in the endolymph, our findings strongly suggest the operation of an adenosine triphosphatase cation pump system activated by sodium and potassium, in the generation of cochlear cation gradients.


Neuromuscular effects of six local anaesthetics on anaesthetized subjects.


Cyclic AMP as a second messenger.

Cyclic AMP as a second messenger.


The temperature dependence of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.


Validation of an implicit assumption in the force equations for analytical ultracentrifugation.


A new long-term method for the measurement of NADH fluorescence in intact rat brain with chronically implanted cannula.


Basic principles of tissue oxygen determination from mitochondrial signals.


Adrenergic-adrenocortical interactions in myocardial electrolyte and nucleic acid metabolism.


Studies of lysosomal enzyme activity in normal and hypertrophied mammalian myocardium.


The nature of the transport ATPase-digitalis complex. II. Some species differences and ouabain "exchange" characteristics.


Potentiation of the inotropic effects of norepinephrine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP by theophylline.


Granulosa-theca cell tumors of the ovary associated with pregnancy. Case report and review of the literature.


Somatotopic organization of raccoon dorsal column nuclei.


The federal interest in nursing research. A summary of the research programs of the Division of Nursing, Bureau of Health Manpower Education; the National Institutes of Health, and the Health Services and Mental Health Administration.


Parotid fluid corticosteroid responses to hemodialysis on the artificial kidney.


Everted rat intestine as a model to demonstrate regulation of sodium absorption.


Microprecipitation test for the detection of adenovirus antibody.


Response to ACTH by superfused adrenals of wild and domestic house mice (Mus musculus).


Alternative reactions of ouabain with a Na+ and K+ ATPase.


Cytochemical bioassay of hormones.

Cytochemical bioassay of hormones.


Effect of prostaglandin E2 on vascular responses of the rabbit kidney to nerve stimulation and noradrenaline, in vitro and in situ.


Uptake and catabolism of N6, 2'-O-dibutyryl cyclic AMP by the perfused heart.


Effects of delta 9-THC on growth hormone and ACTH secretion in rats.


Hydrolysis of 2',3'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in subcellular fractions of normal and neoplastic mouse spleen.


Effect of lithium and rubidium on the ganglionic inhibitory action of norepinephrine.


Electrophysiological evidence for involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in dopamine responses of caudate neurons.


Angiotensin and thirst: studies with a converting enzyme inhibitor and a receptor antagonist.


The effects of nephrectomy and probenecid on in vivo clearance of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate from rat plasma.