country,year,urban_rural,gender,age,age_group,income_quintile,education,employment_status,branch_access_km,atm_access_km,account_ownership,account_type,bank_name,usage_frequency_monthly,months_inactive,account_balance_usd,primary_barrier,has_overdraft,has_debit_card,has_online_banking,scenario Uganda,2020,rural,female,70,55+,middle,none,self_employed,3.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,23.3,7.5,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,8.3,4.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,371.22,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,31.9,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,656.25,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,7.7,1,current,Centenary,3,0,1189.35,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,74,55+,highest,primary,student,1.0,0.7,1,savings,BAK,2,0,1982.5,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,5.5,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,2,0,565.92,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,6.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,0.2,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,1141.92,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,3.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,547.1,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.8,15.0,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,1497.65,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,12.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,14.5,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,33.2,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,2.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.0,2.3,1,current,National Bank,4,0,614.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,0.1,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,2965.52,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,0.6,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,424.37,none,1,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,student,0.0,0.4,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,445.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,student,7.9,2.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,4,0,120.78,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,29.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.1,22.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,19.9,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,20.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,17.8,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,93.7,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1326.45,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,74,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,14.3,1,savings,CBAO,0,4,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.9,0.2,1,savings,Equity BCDC,4,0,1158.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.1,1.0,1,savings,NMB,2,0,494.02,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,student,19.5,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,11.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,28.1,5.6,1,savings,BDM,2,0,985.27,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,26.5,0.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,2951.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.7,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,0.2,1.3,1,salary_account,FNB,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,63,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,5.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,2.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,3128.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,4.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,3.0,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,11.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.5,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,60,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,15.1,8.0,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,1,0,1734.99,none,1,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,39.9,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,second,none,student,8.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,16.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,none,student,1.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,3.7,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,35.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,104.1,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,31.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,1.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,131.56,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.1,4.5,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,1072.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,9.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,19.3,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,40.7,12.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,262.37,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.1,0.9,1,current,Absa,1,0,1055.02,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,8.9,1.6,1,savings,First Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.1,0.9,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,453.45,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.6,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,41.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,59,55+,second,primary,self_employed,13.4,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,73,55+,second,primary,student,0.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.1,6.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,3010.47,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,57,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,37.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,19.8,19.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,4276.65,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,none,self_employed,12.8,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,7.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.6,3.3,1,savings,BMCD,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.9,1.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,346.2,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,student,0.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.7,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.2,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,170.53,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.4,0.5,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,66.78,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,5.0,3.5,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,416.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,25.5,4.0,1,current,Absa,2,0,535.29,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,5.4,29.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,secondary,student,4.5,9.5,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,682.46,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.8,5.9,1,savings,UBA,1,0,328.87,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,55.3,4.7,1,savings,UBA,1,0,263.9,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,none,student,12.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1559.31,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.4,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,16.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.7,17.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,62.1,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,61,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.1,3.9,1,savings,CRDB,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,37.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,10.1,1,current,BHS,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.8,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,72,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,8.6,3.4,1,current,KCB,0,5,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,student,1.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.5,1.4,1,savings,GCB,3,0,560.43,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,9.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,19.0,44.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,6.2,25.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.3,0.2,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,375.82,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,9.1,10.5,1,salary_account,FBNBank,1,0,439.25,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,0.5,1,savings,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,14.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.0,33.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.9,8.6,1,current,BHS,2,0,1983.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,student,3.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,2.9,17.8,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,2078.98,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,1,current,BDM,1,0,220.5,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,72,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.0,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,571.33,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,student,16.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,30.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.2,14.2,1,savings,FDH Bank,4,0,617.06,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.5,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,222.2,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.7,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,58,55+,middle,tertiary,student,1.5,0.5,1,current,Absa,2,0,371.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,student,10.1,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.6,1.7,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,2078.74,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.7,0.5,1,current,Cooperative Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,22.5,2.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,3170.06,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,28.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.2,1.8,1,savings,NCBA,4,0,891.03,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,73,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,74,55+,second,none,unemployed,25.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,2.0,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,16.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,23.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,402.19,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,4.5,1,current,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.7,2.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.8,6.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,168.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.9,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,235.37,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,16.2,4.7,1,current,FDH Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,24.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,0.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,student,4.1,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,832.45,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,7.8,11.1,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,846.61,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,7.0,22.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.7,26.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,2.5,8.0,1,savings,National Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,3.9,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,34.8,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.4,7.6,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,109.24,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,student,46.9,9.4,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,1009.13,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.9,0.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,32.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,student,30.3,21.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,2257.92,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,41.9,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,4.3,0.7,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,40.19,none,1,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.0,5.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,899.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.5,6.7,1,current,Absa,2,0,1508.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,25.6,44.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,46.0,0.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,969.28,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.9,2.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,2643.38,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.6,0.9,1,current,Capitec,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,student,34.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,2.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,67,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.5,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,0.8,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,8.6,2.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,404.98,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,9.8,0.3,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,474.57,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,student,0.5,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,73,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,3.2,1,salary_account,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,16.1,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,68,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,8.6,8.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.2,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,795.62,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.2,1.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1923.44,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,25.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,5.4,8.8,1,savings,GCB,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,37.0,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,15.3,2.5,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,210.89,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,10.6,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.1,1,savings,BAK,1,0,3978.24,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,5181.41,none,0,1,1,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,14.9,8.2,1,current,NBC,2,0,1085.5,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.5,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,4.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,45.5,27.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,student,4.2,0.4,1,savings,Access Bank,4,0,131.58,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,74,55+,highest,none,unemployed,19.5,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.4,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,24.6,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,1.1,1,savings,Orabank,1,0,114.25,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,2295.21,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.9,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.1,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.4,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,294.38,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,11.4,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,second,none,unemployed,36.0,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,5.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,37.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,2.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.1,1.2,1,savings,Access Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.3,1.8,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,1143.61,none,1,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.5,10.1,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,9.4,2.4,1,salary_account,GTBank,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,45.1,34.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,8.7,0.9,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,498.07,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,0.0,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,523.17,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,8.7,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,student,1.2,1.8,1,salary_account,Access Bank,3,0,101.75,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,17.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,student,62.8,11.4,1,current,BHS,1,0,335.89,none,1,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,13.6,20.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,37.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,6.5,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,36.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,59,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.8,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,77.0,5.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,2.5,1,current,FDH Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,student,0.5,0.4,1,current,Absa,3,0,3095.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.8,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,57,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.8,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,1,0,617.97,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,student,20.4,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,second,none,unemployed,3.5,3.5,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,470.71,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,student,3.4,0.0,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,379.33,none,0,1,1,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,7.7,4.9,1,salary_account,BAK,4,0,420.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,3.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,985.74,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.0,1,savings,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,48.2,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,1.8,1,current,Société Générale,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,71,55+,second,none,employed_formal,49.3,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.5,1,current,FBNBank,0,4,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,4.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,0.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,6.9,1,current,NBC,4,0,2500.81,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,58,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,2.9,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,158.95,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,62,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,2.8,1,savings,Zanaco,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,32.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,13.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,3.9,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,2220.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,28.2,1.5,1,salary_account,BCDC,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.8,1.0,1,savings,BCI,1,0,944.73,none,1,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.8,1,current,BHS,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,1.1,1,savings,UBA,1,0,362.87,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.2,34.6,1,current,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,student,0.3,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,student,14.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,self_employed,5.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,primary,student,19.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.3,4.1,1,salary_account,Stanbic,4,0,207.83,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,66,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,71.3,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,10.7,1.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1905.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,62.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,6.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,15.1,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,7.9,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,295.71,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,73,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,952.87,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,15.8,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.0,0.6,1,savings,FNB,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,secondary,student,10.3,10.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,254.9,none,1,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,63,55+,second,primary,unemployed,9.8,0.2,1,current,GCB,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,83.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,9.9,0.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.4,6.9,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,193.13,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,35.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,1.8,1,savings,NBC,2,0,490.97,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,13.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.1,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,1.0,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,327.79,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,0.4,1,savings,NBC,1,0,220.37,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,26.3,8.0,1,savings,GCB,1,0,452.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.3,1,savings,FNB,2,0,340.54,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.2,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,593.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,student,1.2,3.3,1,current,CRDB,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,9.4,0.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,730.09,none,1,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,28.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,12.5,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,14.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,student,23.2,13.9,1,current,Nedbank,3,0,1090.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,44.3,31.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,14.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.8,1.1,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,654.7,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.0,3.3,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,80.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,11.1,0.1,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,1937.77,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.1,34.5,1,savings,Absa,4,0,942.3,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.3,1,savings,BCI,3,0,1348.61,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,3.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,51.0,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.8,1,current,Equity BCDC,1,0,334.38,none,1,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,20.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,1.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,37.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,unemployed,38.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.4,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,359.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.2,11.4,1,savings,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,11.9,18.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,6.8,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,1837.51,none,1,0,1,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,32.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,4.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,18.6,4.4,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,2685.16,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.0,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,3,0,119.22,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.6,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,23.1,8.0,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,4.1,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,1,savings,FNB,1,0,111.7,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.2,0.9,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,212.37,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,6.7,6.7,1,current,KCB,2,0,208.28,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,16.3,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,1.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1938.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.6,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,44.0,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,11.9,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,9.9,1,savings,CBAO,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,13.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,1,0,307.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.3,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,1.1,1,current,Absa,3,0,263.93,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,14.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,48.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.0,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.9,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,238.49,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.8,0.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1111.24,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.3,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,17.0,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,74.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,69,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,10.4,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,209.32,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,23.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.0,6.7,1,current,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.1,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,3,0,244.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.0,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,3.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.5,4.2,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,1768.17,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,6.0,1,savings,NMB,1,0,88.76,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,11.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,58,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,2.4,1,current,Moza Banco,4,0,20560.38,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,63,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,30.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,2.1,3.3,1,current,Ecobank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,56,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,206.51,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.9,2.8,1,savings,Sonibank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,12.7,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,2.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,2697.86,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,38.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,60.4,8.4,1,savings,KCB,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,0.8,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,607.13,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.4,1,savings,BCI,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,1.5,1.1,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,423.76,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.6,0.2,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.0,1.2,1,current,NMB,1,0,187.25,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,8.3,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,1.5,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,363.86,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.2,1,current,NMB,2,0,189.52,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,25.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.5,7.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,383.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.8,1,current,Absa,2,0,3153.04,none,1,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.9,7.1,1,current,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,7.0,1,current,BCI,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,26.0,0.7,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,59.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.2,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,7.0,14.3,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,426.35,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,0.7,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,1476.59,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,11.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,1.0,1,current,BCDC,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,student,13.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,22.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,5.8,0.9,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,434.94,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.6,2.6,1,savings,BDM,1,0,244.61,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,4.4,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1125.49,none,1,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,4.4,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,343.63,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.6,1.1,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,20.94,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,23.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,41.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,5.0,1.0,1,current,BCI,2,0,559.05,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,12.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,26.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,953.56,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.5,0.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,435.77,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,18.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,71,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.5,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.8,0.9,1,current,Cooperative Bank,3,0,2658.61,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,46.1,25.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,61,55+,second,none,self_employed,15.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,6.7,1,current,Absa,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,29.1,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,17.1,1.3,1,savings,Fidelity,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,1.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.2,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,361.86,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,12.8,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.2,2.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,788.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,2.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,21.2,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,15.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,19.6,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,0.8,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1450.25,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,student,10.4,3.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,216.32,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,15.6,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,29.5,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,22.9,27.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,35.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,3.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,591.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.8,4.2,1,current,NBC,3,0,204.96,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,6.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,2.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,4368.59,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,8.9,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,2412.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,student,30.7,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,61,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,28.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.2,2.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,434.99,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,62,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.9,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,31.0,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.0,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,556.26,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,57,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,2.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,263.15,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,second,none,student,0.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,26.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,15.5,8.9,1,savings,NBC,1,0,418.13,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,36.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,14.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,37.5,29.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,83.27,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.0,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,43.2,5.4,1,savings,UBA,1,0,432.92,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,14.2,4.9,1,salary_account,NBC,1,0,252.74,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,58,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,13.6,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,2786.87,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.6,1.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,782.82,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,2.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,fourth,primary,student,1.5,1.0,1,savings,NCBA,4,0,526.75,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,383.38,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.1,0.7,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,3036.52,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.3,12.9,1,salary_account,First Bank,3,0,581.75,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,23.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.7,2.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,304.09,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,4.7,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.3,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.6,1,savings,Sonibank,4,0,73.78,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,37,35-44,second,none,self_employed,1.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,35.3,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.1,1.2,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,291.18,none,1,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,25.9,4.3,1,salary_account,First National Bank,2,0,1127.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,16.6,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,student,0.3,8.7,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,2,0,3178.14,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,student,62.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,29.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.8,0.4,1,salary_account,NCBA,2,0,1401.19,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,72,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,8.0,7.9,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,423.36,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.0,2.4,1,current,BCI,3,0,4630.28,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,10.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,22.4,13.5,1,current,Fidelity,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,2.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,136.61,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,student,5.9,4.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,177.56,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,1.7,1,current,BHS,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,8.9,0.3,1,current,Capitec,2,0,1198.42,none,1,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,46.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.0,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,127.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,508.29,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.3,14.7,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,131.06,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,23.6,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.2,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1326.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,student,8.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,58,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,15.8,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,47.8,2.6,1,savings,National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,3.1,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,12.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,second,none,self_employed,4.4,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,20.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,self_employed,3.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.5,2.0,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1645.57,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,5.9,31.3,1,savings,GCB,1,0,528.08,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,74,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1268.86,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,37.5,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,29,25-34,second,primary,student,2.1,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,0.8,2.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,26,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.6,2.7,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,674.56,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.8,3.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,6.7,4.4,1,current,BMCD,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,64.1,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,20.2,7.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,3,0,1781.25,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.7,2.5,1,savings,BHS,2,0,574.53,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,student,6.6,1.1,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,474.47,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,7.0,0.4,1,savings,FNB,2,0,442.63,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,56,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.0,11.2,1,savings,FBNBank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.9,8.8,1,current,FBNBank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,0.5,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.1,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.9,2.4,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,4722.75,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,71,55+,second,none,self_employed,7.1,0.9,1,current,GCB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.7,15.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1848.3,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,13.5,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,6.4,0.4,1,current,NBS Bank,3,0,739.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,14.1,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,66,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,2.5,1.5,1,current,GTBank,1,0,1163.93,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,48.6,0.9,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,1590.46,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,18.3,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,16.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,5.4,1.0,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,635.26,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.4,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,31.4,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,906.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,6.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.6,1,salary_account,BAK,4,0,326.42,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,3.2,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,1026.87,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,23.8,19.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1922.64,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,66,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.1,3.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1770.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,0.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,10.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.5,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,student,1.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,student,11.0,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,unemployed,25.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.3,1.4,1,current,BHS,1,0,667.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,66,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,6.2,0.2,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1797.22,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.9,0.3,1,savings,Absa,4,0,517.83,none,1,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,18.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.7,0.4,1,savings,GCB,4,0,216.35,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,11.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,25.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,1.3,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,917.49,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.6,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,3.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,15.7,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.6,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,943.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,28.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,36.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,0.7,1,current,Absa,2,0,879.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,0.8,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,1126.95,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,8.4,1.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,721.42,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,4.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,32.3,4.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,1.0,1,savings,BHS,4,0,548.93,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,5.3,0.2,1,current,KCB,3,0,1696.01,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.4,1.2,1,savings,Zanaco,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,33.1,0.8,1,salary_account,FNB,2,0,241.82,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,67,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,30.1,4.9,1,current,Sonibank,3,0,2775.73,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,4.2,1,current,GTBank,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,67,55+,highest,none,self_employed,6.7,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1892.44,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,4.7,0.2,1,current,Equity BCDC,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,4.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,student,6.7,2.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1134.54,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,3.4,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,4,0,3128.88,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,none,unemployed,5.7,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.1,8.7,1,current,FNB,4,0,1028.52,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,14.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.5,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,28.9,31.9,1,salary_account,Absa,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.4,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,3,0,555.98,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.9,5.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,694.01,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,10.9,2.2,1,current,Société Générale,3,0,337.7,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,12.0,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,student,20.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.3,8.7,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,2553.78,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,5.4,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,858.11,none,1,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,12.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,student,0.7,0.3,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,288.26,none,1,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,377.71,none,1,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,14.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,7.3,1.0,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,1117.96,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,20.7,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,student,0.5,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,792.15,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,7.7,5.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.4,30.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,12.5,0.7,1,current,Access Bank,3,0,1025.15,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,77.84,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.1,42.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,student,9.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,student,1.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.6,16.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1274.03,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.7,2.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,515.87,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.8,2.7,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,856.19,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,36.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,3.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,159.37,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,1.2,1,current,Coris Bank,3,0,536.55,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,35.4,1.4,1,savings,GCB,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.5,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.1,2.1,1,current,Awash Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,6.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,18.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,69,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,student,2.3,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,0.7,1,savings,Absa,1,0,253.96,none,1,1,1,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,student,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.9,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,5.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,36.0,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.5,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,726.5,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,5.8,15.0,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,474.65,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,1,0,800.5,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,24.8,8.3,1,current,Capitec,2,0,610.1,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,7.8,11.4,1,current,Société Générale,4,0,1580.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.9,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,12.3,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,16.1,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,7.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,62,55+,middle,none,student,40.8,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.7,4.8,1,current,Capitec,2,0,939.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,4.2,1,current,FNB,2,0,158.14,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,21.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,34.4,27.0,1,fixed_deposit,Zanaco,1,0,886.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.1,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.5,1.8,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1953.32,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,1.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,5.8,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,459.5,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.9,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Equity BCDC,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,2.4,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,19.7,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,47.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,336.32,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,0.4,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,none,student,34.6,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,11.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.4,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,61,55+,second,none,self_employed,20.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,4753.59,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,0.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,47.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.9,2.5,1,salary_account,DFCU,3,0,665.57,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.2,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,665.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,2506.19,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,2.4,1,current,Rawbank,1,0,647.7,none,1,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,5.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.7,3.9,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,1,0,418.03,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,69,55+,middle,primary,student,1.7,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,370.78,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,13.7,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,3.3,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,713.43,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,20.7,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,5.9,3.9,1,savings,NBC,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.2,20.0,1,savings,BDM,1,0,585.33,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,14.5,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,student,2.9,1.6,1,savings,BHS,2,0,103.18,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,3.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,10.8,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,36.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,170.08,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,31.9,13.5,1,current,Cooperative Bank,4,0,404.5,none,1,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.3,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,13.1,2.8,1,savings,BAK,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,26.4,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,student,7.7,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,1.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,242.09,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,1.7,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.6,20.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.4,28.5,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,439.26,none,1,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.4,0.6,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,3,0,384.77,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,7.4,10.4,1,current,Access Bank,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,62,55+,highest,secondary,student,10.9,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,2913.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.6,1.9,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,660.31,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.9,1,savings,Orabank,3,0,146.9,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.3,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,479.61,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,34.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.7,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,2027.1,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,71,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,15.5,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,28.1,8.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,1052.82,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,40.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,68,55+,highest,primary,student,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,68,55+,middle,none,student,5.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,2.0,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,230.16,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,1.7,0.3,1,current,NCBA,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.8,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.5,3.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,7.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.0,1.0,1,current,NCBA,1,0,34.7,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,39.5,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,14.3,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.7,1.2,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,595.17,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,20.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,14.7,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,1387.93,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,4.9,1,savings,GCB,2,0,194.53,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.9,1,savings,CRDB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.4,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,22.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.8,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,2.3,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,242.41,none,1,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,3.4,4.6,1,salary_account,FNB,1,0,205.83,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,student,2.0,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,12.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,44.1,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,8.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,second,none,unemployed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,self_employed,16.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,58,55+,second,none,unemployed,7.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,primary,student,1.4,23.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,3.3,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,4317.1,none,1,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,student,22.9,3.4,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,3972.94,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,39.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.1,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,63,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,6.0,0.7,1,current,BHS,2,0,3221.97,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,9.0,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,student,4.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,student,8.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,34.7,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.8,1,savings,UBA,4,0,925.85,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,5.9,3.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,28.0,6.9,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,1726.9,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.1,13.9,1,savings,UBA,3,0,2079.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.7,3.5,1,current,Cooperative Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,86.4,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,64,55+,highest,none,self_employed,1.0,0.1,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1779.83,none,0,1,1,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,20.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.3,0.3,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,624.69,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,4.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,4114.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,3.7,1,salary_account,First National Bank,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,24.2,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.5,1.6,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,83.91,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.5,9.5,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,701.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,53.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,19.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,13.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,2.4,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,21.9,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,0.7,1,savings,KCB,2,0,307.44,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,71,55+,second,none,self_employed,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,23.0,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,1.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,655.9,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,student,36.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,37.0,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,primary,student,35.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,61.7,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.7,15.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,5.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,student,6.2,4.8,1,current,BCI,3,0,619.51,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.2,0.0,1,savings,BHS,4,0,939.16,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,1.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,330.44,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.9,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,4,0,1262.23,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,5.2,0.7,1,current,BHS,4,0,583.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,53.6,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.6,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,109.45,none,1,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,4,0,323.21,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,59.1,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,15.5,1.8,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,1188.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,214.84,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,9.1,0.1,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,19,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,29.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.6,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.3,2.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,131.86,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,11.0,5.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,59,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,2.7,1.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,4604.02,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,16.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,11.4,1,savings,Zanaco,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.7,4.0,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,2,0,780.55,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,51.8,3.3,1,savings,FNB,3,0,404.98,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,3.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,44.8,12.3,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,384.86,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,2.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,658.54,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.0,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,I&M Bank,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,unemployed,7.0,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.1,4.9,1,salary_account,BDM,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.3,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_informal,4.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.5,1,current,Capitec,4,0,1015.21,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,student,4.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.2,0.0,1,savings,UBA,2,0,252.03,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,643.31,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.7,0.3,1,savings,FNB,3,0,127.43,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,5.9,5.0,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,499.76,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.9,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,1291.41,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,10.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,24.7,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,868.54,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,12.0,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,1.3,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.6,1.3,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,1019.5,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,67,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.7,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,0.3,1,salary_account,BHS,3,0,297.9,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,66,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,12.8,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.7,8.3,1,savings,BHS,1,0,123.02,none,1,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,student,2.8,34.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,363.64,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.7,3.8,1,savings,BAK,2,0,1385.89,none,1,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,73,55+,highest,none,unemployed,1.8,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,3.3,0.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,484.32,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,student,4.6,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1718.01,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,69,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,10.4,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.3,1,current,NMB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,23.4,1.1,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,423.51,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.4,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,1.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,726.72,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,12.2,1,savings,Société Générale,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,14.6,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,4.8,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,952.81,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,29.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.0,0.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,1531.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.3,23.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.6,0.7,1,savings,Absa,3,0,447.61,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,29.6,6.6,1,savings,First National Bank,4,0,1113.82,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,69,55+,second,none,unemployed,0.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,31.1,2.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,262.15,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,11.0,30.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.5,0.6,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,2060.57,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,3.7,1,savings,KCB,4,0,571.3,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,31.0,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,24.5,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.7,7.3,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,2215.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,none,unemployed,11.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,student,1.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,19.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.9,0.3,1,salary_account,Fidelity,1,0,1664.05,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,6.2,6.3,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,1451.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,1.7,1.2,1,savings,Rawbank,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,27.6,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,66,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,13.4,2.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,3827.33,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.5,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,61.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,11.2,10.1,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,2145.88,none,1,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,8.0,3.8,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,2144.94,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.9,5.1,1,savings,Equity BCDC,2,0,605.53,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,6.5,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1646.51,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,12.9,1,savings,DFCU,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,11.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,1.4,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,353.97,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,student,0.3,1.6,1,current,Zanaco,4,0,2537.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,6.7,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,34.9,17.4,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,5179.99,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,student,12.1,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,3.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,12.1,2.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,13.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.8,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,2,0,1098.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,2,0,70.59,none,1,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,4.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,student,5.8,0.5,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,1316.17,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,17.6,3.4,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,550.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,38.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Zanaco,1,0,482.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,none,student,14.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,21.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,savings,FNB,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,1.7,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,4.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,759.22,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.5,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.0,2.9,1,savings,BDM,4,0,273.47,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.7,3.3,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,1405.26,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.5,4.5,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,1815.24,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.5,4.7,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,326.9,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.8,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,2,0,370.66,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,10.8,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,72,55+,highest,tertiary,student,7.5,1.6,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,1327.92,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,15.7,8.2,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,366.79,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,36.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,none,student,8.5,0.5,1,salary_account,UBA,2,0,756.1,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,28.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.7,0.7,1,current,UBA,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.3,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.7,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.3,5.5,1,salary_account,BCI,2,0,98.26,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,24.9,10.8,1,salary_account,Nedbank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,0.2,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,1274.24,none,1,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.5,0.6,1,salary_account,CBAO,3,0,1267.07,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,9.4,2.4,1,salary_account,Fidelity,2,0,777.23,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.4,3.3,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,670.69,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,13.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,0.0,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,1226.25,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,18.6,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.5,0.9,1,savings,Access Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,5.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,14.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,50.1,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,0.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,26.8,26.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,33.1,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,13.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.2,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,8.7,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,2.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,1738.63,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,56.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,5.3,15.5,1,current,GTBank,1,0,465.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,2.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,166.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,2.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,3,0,86.5,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,14.0,12.6,1,savings,Capitec,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.9,17.2,1,savings,KCB,2,0,587.78,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,1.6,34.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,70,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,26.9,1,current,UBA,2,0,1990.61,none,1,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,10.0,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,student,3.3,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.2,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,9.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,second,primary,student,38.8,22.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.2,0.0,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,438.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,6.5,1,savings,Absa,4,0,124.35,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,6.7,0.2,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,1418.04,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,68,55+,middle,none,unemployed,3.6,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,16.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.9,14.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,127.2,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,41.8,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,6.4,0.7,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,511.08,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,9.2,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,12.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,389.99,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,11.1,1.0,1,current,BDM,2,0,1280.56,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,36.8,11.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,125.79,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,6.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,56,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,46.2,11.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,572.46,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,75.82,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,70,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,37.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.3,8.2,1,salary_account,CRDB,3,0,327.05,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,18.3,3.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,472.18,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,10.2,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,5284.38,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,29.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,self_employed,21.4,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,1.0,3.3,1,savings,Equity BCDC,2,0,3026.01,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,secondary,student,4.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,16.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,6.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,19.0,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,8.2,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,9.1,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,849.73,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,8.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,second,none,self_employed,7.7,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,7.5,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,587.52,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,34.2,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,0.3,1,current,NCBA,2,0,446.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,8.6,5.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,2.5,1,current,Absa,2,0,116.47,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.6,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,11.3,6.6,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,237.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.4,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.0,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,student,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1296.84,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,student,9.7,3.6,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,452.37,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,31.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.7,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.2,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.1,0.6,1,current,NBS Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,14.3,29.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.1,2.9,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,1454.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,21.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,23.4,1,current,Absa,1,0,335.04,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,9.6,1.7,1,savings,UBA,3,0,148.47,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,93.4,14.0,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,1783.49,none,1,1,1,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,13.4,15.8,1,current,BAK,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,100.18,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.7,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,21.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.4,1.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,560.84,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.8,11.1,1,savings,BDM,1,0,1663.1,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.0,5.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.9,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,2,0,237.29,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,62,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.4,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,8.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,student,0.7,0.7,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1128.42,none,1,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,0.7,1,savings,Nedbank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.6,3.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,8.7,6.8,1,current,National Bank,2,0,1231.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,4,0,444.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,15.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,2,0,1360.97,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,2.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,135.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,56,55+,middle,none,student,40.1,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.2,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,1556.11,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,2.2,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,418.91,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.9,2.7,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,494.89,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.5,0.8,1,savings,Access Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,1.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,38.0,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,student,1.2,1.8,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,206.1,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,8.4,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,2538.85,none,1,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,35.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,8.8,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.0,0.1,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1923.8,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.5,1,savings,Centenary,4,0,1018.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,12.3,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.2,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,student,1.5,0.7,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,303.2,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,7.1,1,current,BDM,2,0,1452.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Nedbank,2,0,137.03,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,1.0,1,current,Absa,1,0,6457.77,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,35.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,61,55+,highest,none,student,2.5,1.9,1,salary_account,FNB,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,4.8,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,5.0,2.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,884.42,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,4.4,1,current,CRDB,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,11.5,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,48.7,6.4,1,savings,Absa,4,0,1719.98,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,student,5.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,3193.35,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,9.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.9,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.8,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,8.7,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,18.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.5,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,1,current,NBS Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,59,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.2,1,current,GCB,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,171.46,none,1,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,66,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.3,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,26.6,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,student,1.3,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,15.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,1.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,10.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,22.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,62,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,21.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,14.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,28.2,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,24.5,6.2,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,2451.24,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,15.0,6.5,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,5696.89,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,16.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.7,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,267.18,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,21.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.5,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,420.75,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,16.2,10.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,914.67,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.9,5.3,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,478.7,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,28.4,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,17.0,7.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,805.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,10.6,8.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,342.29,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,56,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,42.8,30.3,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,205.91,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,35.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.1,9.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,211.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,3.1,1.5,1,current,NCBA,4,0,9441.1,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,3.7,30.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.8,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.3,2.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,3,0,237.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,12.3,1.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,1968.94,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.1,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,5.7,38.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,student,5.8,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,3.5,10.7,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,442.32,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.0,0.7,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,3,0,1981.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.9,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,308.35,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,19.3,20.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,59,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,2.0,1,salary_account,Sonibank,2,0,865.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,10.5,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.8,0.9,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,450.61,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,2759.62,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.8,13.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,9.2,0.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,171.32,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,13.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,0.2,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,1671.67,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.1,3.2,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,548.51,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,second,tertiary,student,13.7,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,7.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,25.6,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,3.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,933.25,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,27.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,20.6,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.0,0.3,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,0.5,1.7,1,salary_account,BCDC,4,0,88.98,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,49.8,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,30.6,1.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,163.35,none,1,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.3,3.8,1,savings,NBC,4,0,190.01,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,26.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.4,2.0,1,savings,BHS,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,3.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,39.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,10.3,1,savings,BHS,2,0,450.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1130.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.5,20.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,second,none,student,1.6,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,18.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.7,1,current,CBAO,2,0,572.37,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,1.7,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,8078.03,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,18.1,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,185.47,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,19.5,2.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,279.24,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,36.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,second,none,self_employed,1.3,0.0,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,488.87,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,20.5,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,student,10.3,3.9,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,1,0,577.45,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.0,0.8,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,613.27,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,student,7.8,3.0,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,1436.43,none,1,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,33.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,student,3.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,13.4,7.4,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,407.03,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,tertiary,student,60.9,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,0.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,150.06,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,1.0,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2711.45,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,56.1,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,1.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,722.56,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.1,29.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,9.5,3.6,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,7.2,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,863.42,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.8,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,128.55,none,1,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,35.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,second,none,self_employed,6.1,0.2,1,salary_account,Absa,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,19.5,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,42.3,15.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,1278.81,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,1.3,1,current,Millennium BIM,3,0,841.64,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,student,2.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.4,1.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.9,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.1,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,4.6,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,63,55+,second,none,employed_formal,1.6,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,139.05,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,35.1,30.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1341.51,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.0,1.4,1,savings,BDM,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,62,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.2,4.6,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,70,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,11.0,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1889.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,13.7,1.4,1,savings,NBC,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,0.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,95.5,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.5,6.9,1,current,Absa,2,0,100.19,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.6,13.1,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,7032.71,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.8,1.6,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,190.13,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,2.8,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.1,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,52.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.5,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1452.95,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.3,1,savings,BMCD,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,18.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,4.3,0.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,223.32,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,18.4,20.1,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,967.48,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,3.7,1.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,8.0,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,97.2,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,45.1,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.3,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,40.17,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,student,39.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.8,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,4.7,1.5,1,savings,Orabank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,3.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,579.3,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.4,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,31.2,17.5,1,current,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,0.4,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,11.0,4.3,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,4.4,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,2.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.5,1.5,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,477.27,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,3.0,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,3,0,576.65,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,2.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,560.61,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,3.6,6.3,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,891.31,none,1,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.4,1,current,Capitec,1,0,1043.99,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,64,55+,second,none,employed_informal,11.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,4.7,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,student,88.4,20.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.6,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,57,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,6.5,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,58.1,1.7,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,280.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,2.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,294.72,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,9.6,5.6,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,757.8,none,1,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,39.8,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,16.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.7,3.0,1,current,Fidelity,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,22.5,0.3,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1183.43,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.2,3.8,1,current,Nedbank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,34.9,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,1,0,264.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.5,1,current,Absa,3,0,423.8,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,second,primary,student,1.6,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,113.56,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.4,13.1,1,salary_account,BDM,2,0,570.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,student,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,434.48,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,3.3,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,20.6,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.7,5.4,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,2337.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,3.6,1,current,BAK,4,0,426.94,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,student,24.7,27.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,219.42,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,none,student,0.9,2.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,25.5,3.1,1,current,FNB,1,0,741.3,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,2.5,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,479.49,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,2.3,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,632.16,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,46.7,0.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,18.7,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,67,55+,middle,tertiary,student,2.2,7.5,1,savings,NMB,2,0,298.18,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,19.0,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.7,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,801.88,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.7,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,669.54,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,9.9,1.2,1,savings,First National Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,57,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,student,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,73,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,5.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,9.9,1.5,1,current,National Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,12.6,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,354.16,none,1,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,5.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.7,3.6,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,2678.15,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,69,55+,highest,none,self_employed,5.5,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,496.6,none,1,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,26.7,4.1,1,savings,Absa,4,0,6801.18,none,1,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,11.3,18.8,1,savings,CBAO,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.3,1.0,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,6198.66,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.0,1,salary_account,Zanaco,1,0,216.22,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,35.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.3,30.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,8.7,3.6,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1256.31,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,13.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,7.4,1.8,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,506.58,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.7,2.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,223.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,294.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,1.3,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,5.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,90.16,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.9,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,43.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,64,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,0.8,1,current,BAK,2,0,215.31,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.8,4.5,1,current,First Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,13.4,25.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.1,1.8,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,2960.89,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.6,9.1,1,current,Stanbic,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,current,First Bank,1,0,1217.45,none,1,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,30.5,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.1,2.3,1,current,Centenary,2,0,559.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.7,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,48.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,4.7,1,savings,UBA,2,0,715.17,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,24.2,46.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.1,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,98.94,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,0.8,1.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1296.54,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.0,2.4,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,1721.3,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,student,2.6,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,2.1,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,751.41,none,1,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.5,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,12.5,25.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,184.3,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,19.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,13.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,19.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,42.4,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,1.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1759.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,second,none,unemployed,2.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,1.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.5,26.3,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,600.12,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,student,30.5,10.2,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,633.31,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.8,1.6,1,savings,BCI,1,0,2066.99,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.2,1,current,BDM,2,0,72.7,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.7,1.1,1,current,FNB,1,0,103.15,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,61,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,1.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,1.1,1,salary_account,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,10.0,2.7,1,current,Absa,2,0,392.4,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.9,1.1,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,2146.1,none,1,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,36.0,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,2503.25,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,33.0,7.8,1,salary_account,Nedbank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,25.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,3.0,0.8,1,salary_account,BCI,4,0,367.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.5,9.7,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,171.47,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,second,tertiary,student,0.4,0.8,1,current,Centenary,1,0,429.49,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,3.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.6,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,66,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.7,0.2,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,440.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,62,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.6,7.0,1,current,Société Générale,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,22.9,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,10.8,24.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,329.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,20.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.3,0.1,1,current,Zanaco,4,0,2772.03,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,31.3,16.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,689.63,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.8,3.8,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,4,0,616.56,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,26.6,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,25.6,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,11.5,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.0,10.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,298.46,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,1.1,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,919.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,10.5,0.2,1,current,Equity BCDC,3,0,397.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,13.2,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,second,primary,student,4.5,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,9.0,7.8,1,current,BCDC,2,0,778.29,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,10.2,2.9,1,current,Centenary,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,4.0,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,2,0,403.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,29.9,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.6,10.6,1,savings,GCB,0,8,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,39.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,student,11.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,31.0,9.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,3,0,167.64,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.1,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,1001.16,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.6,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,12.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,15.8,25.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.1,1,current,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,6.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,1.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,65.06,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,33.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,8.6,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,67,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,0.3,1,savings,Société Générale,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,8.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,208.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.8,3.2,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,764.53,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,2.1,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,2303.81,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,16.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,10.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,student,17.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,72,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,926.1,none,1,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,66,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,1,savings,Access Bank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,22.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,student,1.0,3.0,1,savings,NCBA,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,student,13.0,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.6,1.0,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,210.19,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,3.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,24.5,2.6,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,1252.36,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,student,3.3,1.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,345.68,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,67.2,7.3,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,44.17,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,6.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.1,4.3,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,2001.57,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,13.1,20.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,56.9,5.7,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,2692.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,67,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.9,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,234.72,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.1,2.4,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,523.48,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.6,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.3,13.7,1,savings,BCI,2,0,1912.79,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,108.9,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,743.37,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,student,2.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,60,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,5.1,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.1,1,current,BHS,1,0,561.45,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.8,0.6,1,savings,Zanaco,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.7,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,0.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,28.6,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,14.6,22.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.0,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,10.2,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.3,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,2547.52,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,71,55+,middle,primary,student,2.8,17.6,1,savings,BDM,4,0,184.89,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,8.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,23.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,41.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,71,55+,middle,none,student,1.5,11.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.1,1.1,1,savings,NCBA,4,0,506.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,69.2,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.2,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,18.3,4.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,642.38,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,70,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.9,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,423.73,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,student,5.1,0.4,1,current,FDH Bank,4,0,958.29,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,100.9,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,second,none,student,7.6,18.7,1,savings,Absa,1,0,253.27,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,16.2,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,19.8,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,956.34,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,16.6,18.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.0,1.5,1,current,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,1.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,4193.76,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,6.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,60,55+,middle,none,self_employed,9.5,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,0.5,1,current,Capitec,3,0,76.69,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,57,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.2,1,savings,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,1,0,858.26,none,0,1,1,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.1,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,90.3,3.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,335.96,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,8.6,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,2,0,268.93,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.2,1,savings,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,19.2,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,36.3,13.8,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,4,0,1099.89,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,68.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,6.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,student,7.6,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,6.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,1.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,31.1,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,National Bank,2,0,234.74,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.1,1.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,12.1,10.9,1,current,KCB,1,0,2317.68,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,2.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,65,55+,highest,primary,student,19.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,16.3,6.3,1,savings,Nedbank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.6,4.2,1,salary_account,BHS,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,26.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.0,1.0,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1128.06,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.5,22.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.9,12.0,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,831.52,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,37.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,student,11.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.0,4.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,2117.63,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,34.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.3,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,1,0,165.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.8,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,12.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,27.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.0,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.1,3.6,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,295.75,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,1.4,1,savings,Absa,4,0,591.21,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.8,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.5,0.1,1,savings,BCDC,3,0,591.7,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.9,8.1,1,current,Orabank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,student,1.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,4.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,740.97,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,65,55+,middle,primary,student,0.3,3.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,63,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.0,6.8,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,403.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,29,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,11.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,12.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,second,none,self_employed,1.2,1.8,1,current,Awash Bank,3,0,349.9,none,1,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,14.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,4.7,1,savings,BHS,2,0,889.96,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.0,0.1,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,130.38,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,16.5,1,current,National Bank,3,0,5853.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,14.1,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,12.9,15.7,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,33.0,1.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,192.1,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,2.0,1,savings,Capitec,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,30.3,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,student,4.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,2.2,14.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,39.1,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.9,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,869.55,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.6,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,5.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,22.0,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,37.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,4.4,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,1.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.6,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,20.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1270.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.7,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,student,16.9,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,2.7,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.8,34.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,9.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,student,2.8,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,29.0,21.8,1,current,First National Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,26.8,12.7,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,627.15,none,1,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,2.9,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,20.4,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.5,0.4,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.1,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,222.34,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,1.7,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,58.07,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.0,1.2,1,current,Absa,4,0,168.88,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.4,11.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,20.7,7.4,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,807.66,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,29.6,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,1931.75,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.3,2.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1997.22,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,4.1,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,949.12,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,2.6,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,52.8,15.9,1,savings,GCB,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,28.3,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,1.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,2.1,22.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,student,14.6,42.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.9,23.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,139.91,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.3,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1379.15,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,17.2,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,61,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,20.9,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,30.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,22.8,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.7,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,192.9,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,second,none,self_employed,5.9,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.5,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,997.08,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,student,4.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.8,1,current,Millennium BIM,3,0,348.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,7.5,4.6,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,14.3,0.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,7239.06,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.5,8.8,1,current,Capitec,2,0,114.7,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,23.9,0.6,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,71,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,315.89,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,2.7,1,current,CBAO,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,36.4,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.0,0.7,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,935.66,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,23.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,63.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,3.7,1,current,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.8,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,4.7,1.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,411.82,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.5,0.6,1,current,DFCU,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.0,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,21.7,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,1,0,747.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,1.7,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,1954.5,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,1.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Zanaco,2,0,1018.49,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.7,10.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,989.71,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,25.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,9.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.3,3.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,307.07,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,8.7,1.4,1,savings,DFCU,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,22.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,7.4,1,savings,BHS,1,0,214.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,11.6,11.5,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,476.62,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,student,4.5,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,3559.59,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,11.0,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,53.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,6.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,1875.8,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,12.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,56,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.3,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.2,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.1,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1686.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,2.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.0,0.7,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,781.4,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,2.1,0.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,841.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.6,9.4,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,313.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.0,2.4,1,salary_account,GCB,4,0,1631.03,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,61,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,65,55+,middle,none,self_employed,36.7,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,0.1,0.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1734.62,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,6.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,savings,Absa,4,0,275.75,none,1,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,6.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.4,21.4,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,3,0,639.65,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,14.8,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,13.7,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.7,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,307.32,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,0.5,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,105.61,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.2,16.6,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.8,1.1,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,89.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,10.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,12.8,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.2,1.4,1,salary_account,Orabank,1,0,268.66,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,2.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1104.58,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,14.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,3.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,4.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.5,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.9,3.4,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.7,1,savings,Absa,3,0,4768.05,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.1,1.3,1,savings,Sonibank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,32.1,6.4,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,1939.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,21.2,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.3,12.4,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,240.04,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,14.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,10,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.3,1.8,1,current,FNB,1,0,182.4,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,64,55+,highest,none,student,44.1,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,216.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.8,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,8600.04,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,1.6,12.7,1,current,First National Bank,3,0,96.57,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,8.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,12.0,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,335.19,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,10.4,26.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.0,1.7,1,current,CBAO,4,0,1003.3,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.6,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,1.5,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,354.53,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,47.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.8,3.2,1,current,DFCU,1,0,2673.89,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.1,0.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,2889.12,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,student,16.5,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.5,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,2.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,247.1,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.9,25.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,4.8,3.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1990.5,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,3.0,1,current,UBA,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,55.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,2813.83,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,2.8,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,4351.91,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,7.1,1,savings,FNB,2,0,5102.12,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,58,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.5,11.6,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,260.3,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.4,10.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1068.97,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,36,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.0,8.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,3440.86,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,3.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,unemployed,12.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.4,1.1,1,savings,KCB,1,0,320.33,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,49.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.9,3.5,1,savings,Moza Banco,4,0,474.16,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,26.6,2.3,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,123.51,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.8,25.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,1.8,4.3,1,current,National Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,12.7,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.7,6.7,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,1796.34,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,28.0,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.0,3.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,200.89,none,1,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,second,none,self_employed,13.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.1,0.3,1,salary_account,First Bank,1,0,376.48,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,1.5,0.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1521.34,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,15.3,2.4,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,363.96,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,1.3,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,1157.69,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,30.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,student,1.7,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Equity BCDC,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,8.6,1,current,BAK,1,0,354.14,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,16.7,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,62,55+,middle,none,unemployed,9.6,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.7,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,726.44,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,6.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,2.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,182.35,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,1.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,25.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.1,21.7,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,2,0,259.8,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,2.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,6.9,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.3,0.3,1,savings,Equity BCDC,2,0,8489.11,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,0.7,1,savings,Absa,1,0,120.54,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.5,2.4,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,58.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.4,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,13.8,16.0,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,3520.03,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,7.0,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,3.4,2.0,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,845.8,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,282.36,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,30.1,1.4,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,890.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.1,5.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,483.44,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,20.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,4.9,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,26.5,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,10.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,11.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,15.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,2246.45,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,24.9,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.0,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,12.2,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,student,6.0,11.1,1,salary_account,Zanaco,3,0,190.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,1.7,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,742.26,none,1,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,student,1.0,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,28.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,2.5,6.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,student,0.9,1.6,1,savings,CRDB,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,11.2,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,14.1,1,savings,National Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,11.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,17.4,1.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1302.57,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,2.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,26.3,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,68,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,3.0,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,4835.76,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.4,2.0,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,1595.19,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,7.3,1,fixed_deposit,Zanaco,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,60,55+,highest,none,self_employed,6.6,0.7,1,savings,CBAO,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.9,25.9,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,640.83,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,18.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,3.5,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.7,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.6,3.9,1,current,CRDB,2,0,1382.97,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,68,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,19.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,9.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,primary,student,36.0,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,770.83,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,student,3.8,3.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,7.4,0.6,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,446.24,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,0.1,4.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,3271.77,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,11.1,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,student,12.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,12.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,2515.45,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.6,0.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,181.91,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,student,1.6,0.8,1,savings,Sonibank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,2.7,2.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,1005.64,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,3.2,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,1774.27,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,2.4,12.4,1,savings,BDM,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,61.7,2.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,1197.16,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,student,41.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,22.8,0.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,967.29,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,2.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,38,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,1.8,0.9,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,519.86,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,25.6,12.2,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,944.69,none,1,1,1,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,14.5,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,1.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1718.32,none,1,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,2.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,2.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,65,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,71,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,65,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,26.4,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,19.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.7,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,2.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,1.9,25.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,BCDC,3,0,96.29,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,student,12.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,20.6,1,current,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.8,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,4560.61,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,6.3,2.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2388.89,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,4.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.4,1.5,1,current,Stanbic,4,0,495.98,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,10.7,1.3,1,savings,KCB,2,0,199.57,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,951.24,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.8,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,9.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,35.4,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,second,none,student,0.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,56,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.7,1.0,1,savings,Capitec,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,second,none,unemployed,9.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,student,3.7,1.7,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,691.88,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,18.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.0,1,current,BAK,2,0,239.01,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,4.8,3.8,1,salary_account,GTBank,1,0,290.11,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,40.2,56.7,1,savings,KCB,2,0,214.23,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,12.2,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.2,0.1,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,457.91,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,3.6,2.5,1,savings,NMB,2,0,1127.49,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,3.7,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,887.95,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,628.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,61.9,28.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,4.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.2,1.2,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,89.9,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,3.5,2.1,1,savings,BHS,3,0,245.1,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,13.1,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,3.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,1.1,1,savings,BDM,0,6,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,0.1,1,savings,FNB,3,0,4150.4,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,1.4,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,178.2,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.3,3.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.9,2.2,1,savings,Fidelity,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,2.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2145.59,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,387.33,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,71,55+,second,none,employed_informal,73.8,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,4.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.5,14.5,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,2471.31,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,23.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,222.98,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.1,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,16.1,21.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,3.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,13.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,5.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,second,none,student,2.5,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.3,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,6.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1796.32,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,10.3,21.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.6,0.5,1,savings,FNB,3,0,338.74,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,18.2,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,6.7,3.7,1,current,Equity BCDC,1,0,402.19,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,20.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,second,tertiary,student,5.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,2,0,1512.09,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,2.7,1,current,Zanaco,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,none,unemployed,10.9,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,0.8,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,853.27,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,4,0,2026.68,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.0,0.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,12.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,11.6,1.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,138.42,none,1,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,4.9,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,125.15,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,60,55+,middle,none,student,12.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,3.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,2.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,286.3,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,22.1,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,3002.9,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.5,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,20.2,6.4,1,savings,BDM,4,0,167.4,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,6.7,1,savings,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,10.2,7.9,1,salary_account,BDM,2,0,1412.13,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,14.4,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.1,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,625.49,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,student,5.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,35.0,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,none,student,0.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,14.8,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,519.28,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,17.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,176.42,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.5,10.4,1,current,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,none,student,19.1,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.9,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1432.52,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,student,4.8,18.2,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,1,0,1226.47,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.2,1.4,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,26.4,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,36.1,15.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,305.88,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,0.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,789.34,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,31.1,5.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,962.14,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,202.62,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,22.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,62,55+,second,none,unemployed,24.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,26.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,8.6,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,339.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,student,47.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,27.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.5,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,82.95,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,2.8,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,486.71,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,student,19.6,3.5,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,248.26,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,3.2,1,current,Access Bank,3,0,602.1,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.7,2.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1519.22,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,18.4,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,37.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,14.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,16.7,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.7,2.0,1,savings,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,2.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,454.71,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,3.5,1,current,UBA,3,0,411.3,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,14.9,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,0.9,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,280.1,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,9.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,3.9,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,2,0,1686.25,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,24.2,6.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,236.71,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.0,2.8,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,10.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,5457.79,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,0.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,7.2,1,savings,Absa,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,2.5,10.7,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.0,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,19.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,23.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.1,0.5,1,savings,First Bank,4,0,896.29,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.0,3.3,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,5191.87,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.1,1,current,BDM,1,0,399.02,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.5,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,7.9,13.9,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,307.84,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.7,20.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,8.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.4,17.4,1,current,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,2.3,3.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,25.2,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,65,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,7.6,1,savings,BHS,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,12.2,28.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,64,55+,second,none,self_employed,14.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.5,1,savings,BHS,1,0,859.69,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,46.9,5.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,22.5,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,38.1,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,13.8,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,425.03,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.6,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,I&M Bank,1,0,359.65,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.4,7.6,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,817.4,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.5,0.7,1,current,FNB,3,0,678.59,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,3.5,5.0,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,7.1,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,6254.34,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.8,16.6,1,savings,First National Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,student,8.5,27.9,1,savings,KCB,4,0,1277.51,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.0,29.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,13.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.4,0.3,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,500.22,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.9,3.0,1,savings,FNB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,student,67.5,2.5,1,savings,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,3.8,1,savings,NBC,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.5,24.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.7,1,savings,UBA,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,12.8,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,student,4.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,25.7,13.5,1,salary_account,KCB,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,student,10.1,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,1.3,2.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,5.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,49.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.7,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.7,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,20.6,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,12.4,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.7,5.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.0,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,72,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,50.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,7.8,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,5.6,1.3,1,current,Rawbank,1,0,243.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,62.1,18.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,3911.18,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,3.7,1,savings,GCB,1,0,213.76,none,1,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,second,none,unemployed,7.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.8,2.2,1,salary_account,CRDB,3,0,265.44,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,49.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,62,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,8.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,11.3,3.0,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,1,0,2005.01,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,142.64,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.1,5.5,1,current,NMB,3,0,212.63,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,second,primary,student,0.4,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,2.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,1.6,2.0,1,salary_account,NBC,1,0,659.57,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,student,1.5,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,student,1.4,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,25.6,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,8.9,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,643.17,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,33.0,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,23.2,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,0.5,1,current,KCB,1,0,227.5,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,27.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.2,20.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,58.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,29.6,2.0,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,221.96,none,1,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.2,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,143.28,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.0,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,531.46,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,12.2,6.9,1,current,Cooperative Bank,3,0,59.88,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,student,14.2,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,59,55+,highest,primary,student,4.7,12.7,1,salary_account,NBC,1,0,199.01,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,82.1,22.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.1,1,savings,BHS,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.0,2.9,1,savings,KCB,1,0,2003.97,none,1,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,11.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,62,55+,middle,primary,student,2.0,1.6,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,146.98,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,21.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,student,4.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,student,3.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,2.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,361.53,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,18.1,29.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.6,2.0,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,248.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.8,4.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,1303.17,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,12.3,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.4,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,16.3,2.2,1,current,NBS Bank,4,0,1488.77,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,none,student,5.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,0.6,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,student,2.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.9,3.0,1,current,Absa,1,0,1215.78,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,student,15.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,2954.69,none,1,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,4.5,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,10.2,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,33.2,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,594.73,none,1,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.2,3.3,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,72.84,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,17.7,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,56,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.0,24.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,1.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,tertiary,student,19.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,30.7,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,6.3,0.9,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,745.72,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,32.1,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1095.45,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,8.0,0.2,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,280.37,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.3,1.5,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,2126.93,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,5.7,36.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,1.9,1,current,Absa,3,0,45.13,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,23.7,30.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.8,0.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,250.02,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,34.1,0.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,2749.65,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,16.0,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,19.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,4.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,71.55,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.2,4.2,1,salary_account,Absa,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.9,20.8,1,savings,Capitec,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,0.7,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1412.47,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,1.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,366.97,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,12.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,1569.13,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,74,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,8.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,67,55+,highest,secondary,student,1.2,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,27.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,9.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.8,4.3,1,current,Absa,1,0,287.14,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,4.9,15.5,1,salary_account,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,17.4,19.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,73,55+,highest,primary,student,1.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.3,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,37.43,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.6,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.4,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,357.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,25.5,7.1,1,salary_account,Rawbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.3,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,4.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,3.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,46.4,9.7,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1553.75,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.2,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.9,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,27.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.2,1.7,1,current,First National Bank,3,0,218.54,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,student,36.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,498.72,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.9,2.7,1,savings,Absa,1,0,221.73,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,2549.01,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,32.0,2.4,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,618.2,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.4,18.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,509.35,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,10.6,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.4,0.1,1,savings,CBAO,3,0,189.35,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.4,1,savings,UBA,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.9,1.8,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,121.01,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,1.5,17.6,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,710.74,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,1.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.8,0.7,1,current,Equity Bank,0,21,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,14.4,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,current,Access Bank,3,0,362.99,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,71,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.5,0.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,2913.13,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,30.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,4.0,0.2,1,current,BHS,1,0,2287.58,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,22.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1486.18,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.6,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,5.6,18.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,351.88,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,7.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,35.6,1,savings,KCB,1,0,2537.41,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,21.1,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,3.3,1.1,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,1,0,371.52,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,second,none,unemployed,1.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,student,0.1,16.9,1,fixed_deposit,I&M Bank,2,0,40.36,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,student,15.9,7.6,1,current,GTBank,2,0,274.54,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,2.8,3.3,1,savings,FBNBank,0,10,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,32.1,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.8,1.0,1,salary_account,First National Bank,2,0,1865.44,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.7,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,36.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,16.6,32.7,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,2616.74,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,56.0,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,4.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,356.49,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,13.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,0.7,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,3039.98,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,employed_formal,21.1,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,40.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,10.7,2.2,1,savings,Absa,4,0,734.43,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,student,16.5,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,7.2,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,unemployed,8.3,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,343.16,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,72.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,13.1,5.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,1175.71,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.0,1,current,KCB,4,0,732.61,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,3,0,536.84,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,17.9,2.4,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,640.59,none,1,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,33.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.1,1.6,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,1665.34,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,student,11.3,9.9,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,705.68,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.8,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,52.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,30.2,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.1,4.1,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,1,0,2609.23,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,1.8,1,savings,GCB,1,0,839.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,31.3,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,student,13.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,9.2,12.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,315.21,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,3.7,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,253.41,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,33.4,7.0,1,current,Absa,2,0,63.99,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,13.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,5.6,2.1,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.4,14.8,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,342.92,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.3,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,0.4,1,current,NCBA,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,44.7,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,7.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,0.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,student,16.9,9.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.1,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,2.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,second,none,unemployed,6.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.8,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,299.43,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,13.9,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.1,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,31.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,2.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.4,1,current,Capitec,2,0,537.59,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.0,25.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.5,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,none,student,23.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,21.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,23.1,33.6,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,751.99,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,9.4,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,1131.99,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,student,0.5,1.6,1,savings,National Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,5.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.6,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,1.5,1,savings,Absa,3,0,218.7,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.8,1.3,1,savings,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,28.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,11.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.0,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,student,2.6,1.3,1,current,GTBank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,20.4,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.3,1.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,10,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,8.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,12.4,15.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3508.76,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,20.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,3.4,0.0,1,savings,First National Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,3.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.9,4.6,1,current,FNB,1,0,2827.08,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,18.8,8.8,1,current,Absa,3,0,530.84,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,2.6,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,955.25,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,1.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,13.8,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,1.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,48.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,19.8,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,3.0,3.8,1,current,DFCU,3,0,906.25,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,0.1,1,savings,NMB,1,0,217.25,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,34.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.5,0.7,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,9815.54,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,none,student,3.2,0.7,1,savings,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,35.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,8.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,student,5.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,3.9,1,savings,BHS,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,25.2,11.3,1,current,NBS Bank,1,0,187.45,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,2.6,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2357.65,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,33.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.8,8.0,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,500.75,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,2.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1192.33,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,30.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,7.9,8.6,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,341.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,4.7,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,student,4.1,3.8,1,current,Orabank,1,0,2450.49,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,1,savings,BDM,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,56.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,28.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,67,55+,second,none,employed_informal,10.3,23.8,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,527.3,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,19.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.4,1.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,1469.57,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,8.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,1.0,8.3,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,3295.68,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,17.1,2.9,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,none,student,1.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,1.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,749.69,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,13.1,17.2,1,savings,NMB,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,6.5,6.5,1,salary_account,FNB,2,0,1484.02,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,32.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,71,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,6.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,18.3,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,45.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,2.5,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,28.3,5.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,171.11,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.6,1.4,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,294.43,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,1454.49,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.9,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,235.35,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,7.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,2.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1024.54,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.6,4.3,1,current,BDM,1,0,284.39,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,4.5,7.5,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,2850.31,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,3.1,0.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,275.34,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.5,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,3.5,1,current,Nedbank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,1.0,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,660.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.3,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.8,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,924.87,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,student,49.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.8,7.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,806.41,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,5.8,0.3,1,savings,FNB,1,0,276.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,9.5,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,1.4,1,current,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,2.0,1,current,Absa,2,0,628.44,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,24.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.8,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,137.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,33.9,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,second,none,self_employed,13.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,14.1,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.8,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,8.1,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,92.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.0,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,3,0,448.74,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,175.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,6.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,55.0,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,3.0,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,210.55,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,7.0,0.3,1,savings,First National Bank,4,0,690.83,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.7,1,savings,Fidelity,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,25.5,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,62,55+,second,none,student,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.9,4.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,677.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,21.2,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,227.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,none,student,14.2,5.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2646.33,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,student,17.7,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,4.7,12.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,330.85,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.4,13.8,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,369.43,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.7,1.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,1521.38,none,1,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.9,1,savings,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,23.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,63,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,33.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.1,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,1,0,84.31,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,35.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.3,8.2,1,salary_account,Absa,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.7,7.2,1,current,GCB,2,0,2581.57,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.0,0.1,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,614.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,723.99,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,24.6,9.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,4,0,3929.97,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,0.0,3.8,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,3384.59,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,22.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,second,none,student,4.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,29.3,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.9,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,3156.41,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,59.2,4.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,980.85,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,second,primary,student,38.0,27.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.5,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.9,8.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,137.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,14.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,26,25-34,second,none,self_employed,4.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,18.2,3.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,10.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,20.2,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.2,13.4,1,savings,FNB,1,0,657.72,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,42.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.3,5.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,8.5,1.2,1,current,FDH Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,13.8,12.1,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,2426.33,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.9,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,119.84,none,1,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,student,2.3,3.7,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,2,0,293.21,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,primary,student,0.2,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,248.19,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,16.8,4.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,712.77,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.6,22.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.4,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,1,0,352.07,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.2,15.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,15.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,1.7,1,current,Absa,1,0,353.08,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,59,55+,second,none,self_employed,20.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,student,26.1,3.2,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,711.87,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,608.95,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,13.0,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,16.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,10.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,71.7,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,40.7,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.4,5.3,1,savings,BAK,3,0,4972.89,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,66,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,0.3,2.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,210.58,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.9,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,1,0,492.41,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,0.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,72.94,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.8,1,savings,UBA,2,0,538.2,none,1,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,31.8,22.9,1,current,CBAO,2,0,905.7,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,20.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,12.2,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,44.3,2.8,1,savings,BCI,2,0,867.97,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.2,0.7,1,savings,GCB,1,0,364.57,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,11.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,56,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,17.8,16.6,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,36.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.0,1.8,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,1141.38,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.1,0.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,278.37,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,68,55+,highest,none,unemployed,3.8,0.6,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,2389.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1004.8,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,1.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,362.43,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.4,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,15.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,37.6,5.0,1,savings,Absa,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,1.5,1,current,GCB,2,0,260.5,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,69,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,1.3,1,current,DFCU,2,0,351.53,none,1,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,64,55+,second,none,unemployed,20.5,36.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.6,1.2,1,current,Ecobank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,0.8,1,current,Absa,2,0,186.63,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.8,2.1,1,savings,BCI,4,0,778.65,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,6.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,0.6,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,0.5,0.5,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,2309.55,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,13.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,6.9,17.9,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,538.82,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,17.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,4.5,0.1,1,savings,GCB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.4,4.4,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,3565.41,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,none,student,10.5,1.9,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,675.57,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,4.1,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,2.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,none,student,3.4,1.2,1,current,Bank of Kigali,3,0,1443.01,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.0,14.5,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,1321.74,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,26.5,7.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,2188.21,none,1,0,1,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.0,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.1,1.9,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,447.47,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,0.3,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1835.99,none,1,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,student,12.3,27.4,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,280.93,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,13.9,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.4,1.6,1,savings,NMB,2,0,219.76,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,1.7,1,current,Capitec,3,0,802.42,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,14.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,10.1,9.7,1,savings,BCI,2,0,697.76,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,62,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,45.4,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,16.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,44.5,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,16.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.2,3.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,483.15,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.7,0.1,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,student,62.4,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.6,6.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,336.9,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,none,student,34.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,45.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,self_employed,1.1,0.8,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,569.8,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,22.1,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.4,2.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1604.99,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,18,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,0.9,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,225.61,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.2,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,77.28,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,1.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.9,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,0.4,1.5,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,3535.85,none,1,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.1,1.2,1,savings,CRDB,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.1,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,12.9,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,20.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,student,3.5,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,1680.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,student,2.4,0.0,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,711.88,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.6,0.2,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,1128.69,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,1.8,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,1345.57,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,5.1,5.1,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,686.95,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.3,0.1,1,savings,Sonibank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,3.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,70,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,7.9,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,63,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,10.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,14.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,0.6,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1887.14,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,student,4.1,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,26.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.8,0.1,1,salary_account,FNB,3,0,2465.64,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.2,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,0.0,31.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,0.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,8.7,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,71,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,0.3,1.7,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,2,0,1490.96,none,1,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.6,1.2,1,current,BHS,1,0,1057.92,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,1.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,409.15,none,1,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,27.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.6,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.1,24.3,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,9.7,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,14.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.0,0.2,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,716.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,59.9,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,157.25,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,student,2.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,29.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,944.76,none,1,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,22.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,2.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,463.16,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,3.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,3.2,1.7,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,501.4,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,1.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.6,2.9,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,450.25,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.2,2.0,1,current,GTBank,1,0,435.85,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.8,4.2,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,368.32,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,0.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,69,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,49.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,669.98,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,29.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,56,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,62.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,11.7,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,297.5,none,1,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.8,8.0,1,savings,CRDB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,27.6,0.6,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,4774.31,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,15.6,0.4,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,2,0,229.69,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.6,3.7,1,savings,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.7,2.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,13.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,10.0,6.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,2234.4,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,3.0,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,459.48,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,56,55+,second,secondary,student,6.9,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.9,1,current,Capitec,1,0,410.67,none,1,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,student,5.0,19.8,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,102.03,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,unemployed,22.4,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,42.9,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,65,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,2.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,1490.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,1.7,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,2043.72,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,24.5,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,2.4,1,savings,BHS,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,none,unemployed,6.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1144.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.6,0.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,306.97,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,20.4,25.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,833.83,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,student,2.6,0.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,1023.51,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,36.4,23.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,1242.94,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,13.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,4.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,720.61,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.2,1.5,1,savings,BCDC,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,2.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.4,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,896.91,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,6.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,15.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,50.9,24.3,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,458.83,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,968.96,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,64,55+,second,none,self_employed,16.9,26.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,28.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,13.1,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.4,26.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1116.86,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,27.4,1.3,1,salary_account,National Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,21.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,73,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.1,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,239.31,none,1,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,11.2,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,6.7,3.9,1,savings,BMCD,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,46.1,15.1,1,savings,KCB,2,0,477.96,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.1,5.6,1,savings,BHS,2,0,937.18,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,1.5,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,563.79,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,57,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,50.3,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,1.0,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,257.76,none,0,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,8.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,student,2.0,3.1,1,current,Access Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,36.5,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,0.3,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,253.77,none,1,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,student,2.0,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.9,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,5.9,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,66,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,1.7,1,salary_account,BCI,2,0,5035.22,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.9,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,237.3,none,1,0,1,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,29.7,8.5,1,salary_account,FNB,4,0,442.23,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.6,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,7.3,6.0,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,1381.4,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,58,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,2.0,1,current,BCDC,1,0,353.41,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.7,16.6,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,746.44,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,6.0,5.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,1410.94,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,student,16.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,40.7,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.0,6.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,35.0,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,3.1,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,1729.77,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,13.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,20.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,13.4,34.8,1,current,Absa,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.4,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.8,4.8,1,current,Zanaco,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.3,21.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,157.96,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.1,1,savings,BCI,1,0,5204.38,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.0,2.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,664.79,none,1,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,10.4,5.8,1,savings,Absa,3,0,170.63,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.8,1.2,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,438.27,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,11.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,234.6,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,student,2.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,20.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,5.7,32.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,16.2,20.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.6,0.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,student,1.5,0.6,1,salary_account,BHS,1,0,718.37,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,24.0,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,72,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,46.4,6.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,587.73,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,1.2,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,143.34,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,6.6,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,0.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,2049.27,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,56.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,10.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,35.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,51.5,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,student,1.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.0,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,1056.41,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,21.3,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,4.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,179.29,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.9,0.7,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,54,45-54,second,primary,student,1.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.7,1.6,1,current,I&M Bank,2,0,345.14,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,26.9,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,9.4,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.5,0.8,1,salary_account,NMB,2,0,2328.83,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.6,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,58,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,13.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,70,55+,middle,primary,student,46.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,student,7.2,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,5.8,1,savings,Absa,3,0,2650.12,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.2,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,50.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,3.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1803.6,none,1,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.4,2.2,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,15.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,41.5,1.9,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,72.16,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.6,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.7,1.3,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,405.84,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,8.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,294.28,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.3,1.8,1,current,BHS,2,0,670.28,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,28.4,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,student,12.0,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,10.3,1,savings,KCB,1,0,20.85,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,9.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,9.3,1,savings,UBA,4,0,686.55,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,24.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,11.7,9.1,1,savings,KCB,4,0,398.89,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,2.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,23.2,5.7,1,savings,GCB,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,1.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,822.83,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.2,0.1,1,savings,Orabank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,5.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,963.6,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,2.3,0.6,1,savings,Société Générale,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,689.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,2.0,2.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,26.9,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,10.3,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.9,3.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,125.67,none,1,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.7,0.1,1,current,NMB,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,25.2,2.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,589.75,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,secondary,student,1.8,9.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,11,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,0.4,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,90.27,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,1.3,1,savings,BDM,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,73,55+,second,none,unemployed,12.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,21.3,0.5,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,1408.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,second,primary,student,0.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,3.5,1,current,BMCD,1,0,141.62,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,21.2,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,1.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,student,3.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,12.3,10.0,1,savings,FBNBank,4,0,580.11,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.5,3.7,1,savings,Access Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,31.8,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.5,4.1,1,savings,CRDB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.7,1.0,1,savings,GCB,3,0,950.86,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.5,1.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,322.48,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,4.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,14.3,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,74,55+,second,none,employed_informal,16.1,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,69,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,student,11.9,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.4,4.3,1,savings,National Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.2,3.8,1,savings,Absa,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,14.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,14.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,self_employed,15.0,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,27.8,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.1,1.7,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,3107.07,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,37.1,33.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,18.8,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,73,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.5,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,474.22,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,14.8,1.0,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,638.54,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,68.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,30.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,student,1.3,2.4,1,current,First Bank,3,0,1201.15,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,2.4,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,461.71,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,49.4,26.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,159.84,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,8.9,10.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1006.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,22.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,74,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,2.9,1,savings,BCI,2,0,1657.16,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,0.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,15.7,1,savings,UBA,2,0,237.76,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.2,1,current,Absa,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,922.34,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.9,0.5,1,savings,NBC,4,0,541.03,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,70,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.3,0.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,346.13,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,7.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,28.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,62,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,3.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,12.3,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1029.65,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,student,16.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,65,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.3,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,343.54,none,1,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.2,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,18.2,3.2,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,1397.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,15.9,29.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,34.3,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,26.8,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.8,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.2,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,223.64,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.1,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1520.34,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,2.7,1,savings,BCI,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,3.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,0.4,5.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,1278.66,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,student,36.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,14.7,3.8,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2256.38,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,10.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,22.6,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,535.29,none,1,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.2,3.0,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,139.34,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,6.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,13.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,student,19.6,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1492.95,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,24.3,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,4.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.8,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,0.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,345.43,none,1,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,unemployed,30.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,18.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.6,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,72,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,514.15,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.4,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,6.0,11.9,1,current,Absa,2,0,177.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.3,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,18.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,36.0,5.8,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,305.56,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,1.2,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,8.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,34.0,1.7,1,savings,FBNBank,2,0,360.83,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,20.8,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,0.5,1,savings,FNB,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.3,3.0,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,597.47,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,primary,student,4.8,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,13.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,8.2,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,1,0,396.6,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.4,3.7,1,savings,CRDB,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,5.4,14.1,1,savings,KCB,2,0,881.44,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.2,0.2,1,current,Standard Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,70.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,27.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,19.7,6.1,1,current,Nedbank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,second,tertiary,student,47.8,2.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,8.0,0.4,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,1038.82,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,62,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.1,1,current,CBAO,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,71,55+,middle,none,self_employed,6.2,0.0,1,current,Bank of Kigali,3,0,517.64,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,29.6,6.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,890.86,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.5,0.8,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,557.85,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,1046.98,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,14.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,12.8,23.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.6,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,551.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.9,2.0,1,current,Capitec,2,0,468.96,none,1,0,1,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,current,BMCD,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.5,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,1776.91,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,student,1.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,46.6,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,5.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,237.26,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,14.8,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,12.0,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,64,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.7,6.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,1468.83,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,396.3,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,29.4,6.8,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,421.15,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,7.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,3830.76,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,73,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,3.6,5.8,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,4.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.7,0.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,376.33,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,2360.49,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,25.6,5.3,1,savings,FNB,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,student,2.0,0.7,1,salary_account,National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,14.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,9.6,1,savings,Capitec,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,student,41.7,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,16.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,5.6,1.6,1,current,Capitec,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,43.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.6,1.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,118.97,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,47.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.8,9.2,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,549.92,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,1,savings,Absa,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,savings,BMCD,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,23.2,6.7,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,181.28,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,second,none,student,1.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.2,1,salary_account,Société Générale,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.2,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,3,0,1122.57,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,73,55+,highest,none,unemployed,4.4,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,8.0,4.3,1,current,Rawbank,3,0,707.2,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,lowest,none,student,0.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1394.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.7,2.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.8,2.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,449.95,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,4.0,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,1298.48,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,36.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.5,10.4,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,13,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,73,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.4,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,10.9,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,6.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.4,0.2,1,savings,GCB,1,0,512.39,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.3,5.0,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,431.08,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.2,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,14.1,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,17.7,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,72,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,14.2,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,35.9,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,student,23.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.9,34.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,192.1,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,48.1,4.9,1,savings,GCB,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,1.6,0.8,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,372.19,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,4.5,17.1,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,424.13,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,0.4,1,savings,Access Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,10.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.6,1,current,National Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,20.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,9.3,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,15.9,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,student,5.2,2.6,1,current,BCDC,1,0,1297.11,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.1,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,student,2.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,4.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.8,5.7,1,savings,UBA,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.9,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,2121.08,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,student,1.9,2.9,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,187.35,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,13.8,9.1,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,253.58,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,11.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.9,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,6.7,9.7,1,current,Millennium BIM,4,0,613.66,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,12.8,0.3,1,current,Centenary,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,33.1,32.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,student,0.9,4.2,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,196.71,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,13.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,6.6,1,savings,Centenary,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,student,4.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.3,1.5,1,savings,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.6,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.2,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.0,2.8,1,salary_account,Absa,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,13.2,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.0,2.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,1479.65,none,1,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,student,4.9,0.8,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,41.6,1.9,1,current,GCB,2,0,5511.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,2.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,36.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,61,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,11.9,0.3,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,2791.91,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,20.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,2.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,28.1,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,self_employed,5.2,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,14.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,15.3,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,1.4,1,savings,KCB,1,0,620.06,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,16.6,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,3.6,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,62,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.1,0.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1080.99,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,student,4.4,0.7,1,savings,FNB,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,3.2,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,72,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,4.0,2.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.4,1.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,21,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.8,1.4,1,savings,BCDC,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,72,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,32.9,5.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,663.91,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,student,6.8,13.3,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,161.75,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,0.1,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,1231.93,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,10.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,student,4.6,0.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,939.11,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.8,1.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,10.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,14.2,16.5,1,savings,First Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,16.5,2.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,721.02,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,4.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,second,none,self_employed,11.3,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.4,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,31.8,4.4,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,4399.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,student,0.5,13.6,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,student,1.9,0.1,1,current,Equity BCDC,2,0,464.92,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,17.7,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.7,1.8,1,savings,Absa,4,0,249.44,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.8,2.2,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,62.11,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,16.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.8,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,624.73,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,student,12.3,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,employed_informal,8.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,2.9,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,329.44,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,56,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.6,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,36.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,1.4,0.9,1,savings,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,none,student,5.0,0.8,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,1330.04,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.7,3.8,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,301.08,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,65,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.3,0.6,1,salary_account,UBA,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,44.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,9.2,27.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.3,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,0.9,1,salary_account,First Bank,1,0,507.76,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,student,0.5,0.4,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,2791.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.9,40.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,student,1.0,1.5,1,current,DFCU,1,0,303.35,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.7,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1652.55,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,42.5,6.5,1,savings,Absa,4,0,129.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,11.9,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,15.3,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,59,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,0.8,5.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,3,0,863.46,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.8,5.3,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,4,0,526.44,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,1.7,1,savings,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,student,5.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,30.6,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,2.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,453.25,none,1,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,student,1.0,5.4,1,savings,FBNBank,2,0,2336.06,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.6,1,savings,BDM,4,0,1077.01,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,7.2,1.6,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.1,1,current,BCI,4,0,1832.56,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,11.0,1.9,1,current,BDM,1,0,1804.33,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.6,0.3,1,savings,BDM,2,0,661.5,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,3.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,3.2,1.0,1,current,GCB,1,0,2020.71,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.0,1,salary_account,First National Bank,1,0,519.59,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,9.9,0.3,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,66.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,16.9,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.7,13.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.6,1.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,74.22,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,6.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,819.41,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,12.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.5,0.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,588.36,none,0,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,4.9,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,376.8,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,19.5,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,296.38,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,second,none,self_employed,15.8,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,1.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,second,tertiary,student,17.7,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,10.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,student,6.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,17.7,11.0,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,student,1.5,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2054.98,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.9,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,1,0,103.7,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,29.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,30.9,6.4,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,1611.67,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,22.8,25.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.1,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,29.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,1,savings,NBC,3,0,173.21,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,0.2,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,164.1,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,33.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,674.35,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,3.0,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,2293.97,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,3.3,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.4,10.1,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,649.71,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.5,5.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,37.3,3.3,1,savings,BDM,1,0,93.01,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,21.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,8.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,201.64,none,1,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,37.5,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.7,0.1,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,482.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,2.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.2,0.4,1,salary_account,Nedbank,4,0,75.78,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,3.1,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,13.9,1.3,1,current,FNB,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,17.5,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1512.51,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.0,2.1,1,current,BCI,2,0,2795.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,26.8,16.7,1,savings,BAK,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,unemployed,9.6,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,29.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,1.7,1.5,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,281.63,none,0,1,1,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,4.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.9,1.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,2121.77,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.6,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,62,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.5,20.7,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,354.07,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,56,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,8.0,7.1,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,4801.61,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,13.8,2.2,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,3772.41,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,19.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,363.83,none,0,1,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,none,student,9.6,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,82.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,29.2,11.0,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,2,0,333.17,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,3195.1,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,14.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,12.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,0.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,234.81,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.9,0.1,1,salary_account,GCB,2,0,156.56,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,12.3,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,1.4,18.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,3.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,14.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,4.8,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,2,0,113.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,student,3.1,1.3,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,300.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,2.7,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,5.7,1,savings,BHS,3,0,1038.16,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,71,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,6.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,22.8,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,8.0,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,24.3,1.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,130.02,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.3,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.1,2.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,208.33,none,1,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,3.8,1,savings,National Bank,4,0,1011.01,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,43.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,66,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,4.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.0,1,savings,Orabank,1,0,3454.95,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,2.6,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.7,10.6,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,323.8,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,1.1,1.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,620.88,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.3,1.2,1,savings,BDM,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,57,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,36.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,13.1,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,4.2,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,1064.28,none,1,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,student,34.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,21.5,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,student,46.3,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.8,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,852.29,none,1,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,22.0,9.1,1,current,GCB,1,0,149.16,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,20.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,49.3,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,62,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,21.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,2.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,59.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.0,8.4,1,current,Awash Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,29.6,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,19.9,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,7.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,16.5,0.8,1,current,Access Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,6.0,1,savings,GCB,1,0,258.47,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,54.8,5.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,342.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,62,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,4.1,14.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,204.04,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,4.8,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,14.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.1,0.2,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,797.31,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.9,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,1,0,1095.11,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,16.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,0.4,1,current,GTBank,2,0,185.09,none,1,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,6.3,2.0,1,current,Absa,3,0,2069.02,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,283.04,none,1,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,primary,student,17.2,1.1,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,1116.45,none,1,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.1,13.6,1,savings,KCB,1,0,3630.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,1.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,980.09,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.5,0.1,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,2863.34,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,1170.2,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.4,5.9,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1678.98,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,34.3,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,57,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,0.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,69,55+,second,none,employed_informal,3.3,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,11.4,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,8.5,2.9,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,55.3,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,0.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,859.71,none,1,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.0,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,686.34,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,employed_formal,8.6,9.6,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,495.34,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1122.27,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,42,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,0.1,1.0,1,savings,BAK,4,0,534.74,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,28.5,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,4.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,1.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,24.6,20.9,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,67.87,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,34.5,11.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,749.1,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,69.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.5,1,current,First Bank,2,0,1568.72,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,2.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,37.5,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,1,0,299.01,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,60.2,4.7,1,current,Fidelity,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,21.2,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,3.8,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,577.94,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.4,0.6,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,914.95,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,4.0,1,savings,Sonibank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,2.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,489.08,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,student,4.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,second,none,unemployed,8.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,0.5,1,savings,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.8,3.7,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,785.18,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,primary,student,0.1,0.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1881.63,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,0.6,1,current,FDH Bank,4,0,283.12,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,3.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,16.6,5.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,5.5,5.6,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,512.31,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,1.7,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,28.4,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.4,9.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1181.55,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,3.7,2.6,1,savings,NMB,2,0,536.96,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.3,0.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,252.7,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,8.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,29.4,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,230.39,none,1,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,5.5,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,55.8,9.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,211.16,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,16.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,16.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,22.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,2.1,3.1,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,276.67,none,1,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,student,3.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,15.0,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,20.1,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,2.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,second,primary,student,5.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,student,23.3,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,0.6,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,2320.01,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,student,8.5,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,10.9,9.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,3553.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,30.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,2.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,79.54,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,10.3,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,70,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.6,0.4,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,1435.56,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,6.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,56,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,38.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,2.2,1,salary_account,BCDC,2,0,273.65,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,23.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,79.1,33.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,11.5,10.3,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,4180.7,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,2.8,1.4,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,1793.42,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,65,55+,middle,none,unemployed,5.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,12.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.2,1.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,1518.05,none,0,0,1,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.5,7.0,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,744.09,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,12.4,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,1,0,734.22,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,17.1,14.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,3816.72,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.2,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,145.72,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.1,6.2,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,693.82,none,0,1,1,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,66,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.8,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,460.77,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,13.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,23.6,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,21.6,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,7.4,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.2,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,31.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,10.8,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.5,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,73,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,44.8,12.0,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,57.73,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,19.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.0,10.1,1,current,Capitec,4,0,104.4,none,0,1,1,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,10.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,none,student,0.2,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,63,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,15.8,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,58.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.8,5.2,1,current,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,35.8,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,62,55+,middle,primary,student,3.3,0.3,1,savings,KCB,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,72,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,15.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,64,55+,second,none,student,4.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,28.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,15.4,12.2,1,savings,FDH Bank,4,0,474.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,2212.08,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,15.1,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,2.1,6.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,1483.07,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.2,6.3,1,current,Coris Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,10.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.7,22.6,1,savings,GCB,1,0,125.82,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,10.9,11.5,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,3692.8,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,1.9,0.4,1,current,FNB,1,0,1142.68,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,52.2,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,3,0,466.28,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,student,4.3,2.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,66.6,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,28.0,5.4,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,119.69,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,2.3,1,savings,FNB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,primary,student,6.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.5,1.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,200.59,none,0,1,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,2.5,1,salary_account,First Bank,3,0,1374.53,none,0,1,1,low_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,61,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.5,0.9,1,current,NBC,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,second,primary,student,11.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,14.5,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.5,1,salary_account,NMB,2,0,145.44,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.3,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,3.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,21.0,4.5,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,1346.93,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,22.4,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.3,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.9,16.7,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,391.54,none,1,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,student,4.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,1.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,25.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.6,7.5,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,1322.49,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,35.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,student,7.8,2.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,2437.07,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,2.7,1,salary_account,Absa,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Rawbank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.5,2.8,1,current,NBC,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,16.0,11.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,759.81,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,10.7,19.4,1,current,Fidelity,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.2,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,0.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,613.46,none,0,1,1,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,14.9,36.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,2.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,340.64,none,1,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,14.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.8,0.0,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,770.84,none,0,0,1,low_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,2.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,10.4,1.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,3447.87,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,42.9,3.7,1,current,Awash Bank,3,0,1083.49,none,1,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,8.6,5.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,182.88,none,1,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,41.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,13.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,3.8,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,1779.05,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.1,3.8,1,savings,NBC,2,0,3201.26,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.9,0.8,1,savings,Absa,4,0,2409.94,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,5.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,14.1,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,64,55+,second,none,unemployed,2.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,69,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,14.9,5.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,1768.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.0,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.6,2.9,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,4382.33,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.9,10.4,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,1,0,492.32,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,18.7,4.0,1,salary_account,GCB,2,0,184.33,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,1.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,972.13,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,student,5.5,2.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,900.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.8,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,14.0,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,10.7,17.4,1,savings,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,37.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,31.5,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.8,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,7.4,1.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,213.74,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,62,55+,highest,primary,student,4.6,2.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,21.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,7.5,0.7,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,276.36,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,16.3,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.3,1,current,CBAO,1,0,2059.1,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,29,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,5.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.6,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,644.25,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,24.5,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,second,tertiary,student,9.5,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.3,1.2,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,5004.37,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.5,1.2,1,current,CRDB,1,0,574.73,none,1,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.9,1.8,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,791.36,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,31.8,11.5,1,savings,KCB,3,0,156.01,none,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,29.4,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,69,55+,second,none,self_employed,5.1,1.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,3,0,398.55,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,student,1.3,20.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.5,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,502.05,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,33.4,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,student,0.1,1.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,2609.23,none,1,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,17.4,2.0,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,706.26,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,7.0,1,current,BHS,1,0,850.64,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,student,1.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.5,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,10.3,1.2,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,798.59,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.5,0.2,1,savings,NBC,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,1,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.2,1.2,1,savings,Centenary,3,0,4305.4,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.8,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.6,0.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,125.85,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,student,46.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,3.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,student,0.6,4.1,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,student,1.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,31.4,20.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,10.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,14.4,38.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.0,0.5,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,714.97,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,25.1,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.2,0.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2628.57,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.1,75.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.1,2.2,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,3,0,2038.89,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1742.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,71,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,13.7,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.9,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,22.0,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,18.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,16.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,4.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.6,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,second,none,self_employed,5.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,4.7,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1389.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,second,none,unemployed,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,student,19.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.2,2.2,1,salary_account,GTBank,2,0,249.09,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,none,student,6.9,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,8.2,2.7,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,84.47,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,57.4,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,9.5,8.7,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,726.85,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,4.0,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,274.76,none,1,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,17.1,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1119.63,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.9,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.7,5.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,383.94,none,0,1,0,low_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,2.1,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,349.19,none,1,1,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.5,1,savings,BCI,2,0,1926.83,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,2.9,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,1.6,2.3,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,198.64,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,student,3.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,student,1.0,11.9,1,current,Absa,3,0,996.62,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,11.9,2.3,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,196.82,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.1,2.2,1,current,NCBA,3,0,271.37,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,1.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,9.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.2,1,current,First National Bank,3,0,602.28,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,4.9,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1001.18,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,58,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.6,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,460.24,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,43.9,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,27.4,0.1,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,19.3,6.5,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,4944.78,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,2.1,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,1886.17,none,0,0,1,low_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,102.5,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.8,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.5,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,none,student,16.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,13.9,2.1,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,3539.08,none,0,0,1,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.0,5.0,1,current,GCB,3,0,770.28,none,1,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,15.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,student,1.3,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,4663.8,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,3.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,low_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,6.5,0.1,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,266.92,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.6,3.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,824.18,none,1,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.6,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,6.4,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,57,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,8.2,4.5,1,savings,GCB,2,0,3549.35,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,30.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,18.1,3.7,1,savings,GCB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,4.7,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,150.08,none,0,0,1,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,18.7,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,3334.72,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.7,4.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,student,7.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,13.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,63,55+,highest,primary,student,3.0,0.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,888.53,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,13.6,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,22.8,2.9,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,1255.55,none,0,1,0,low_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,0.3,1.1,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,113.35,none,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,20.5,0.2,1,current,NBC,4,0,523.65,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,4.2,2.3,1,current,Zanaco,4,0,329.81,none,0,0,1,low_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.0,13.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,192.37,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,2.8,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,3052.14,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,3.5,1,current,KCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,21.6,29.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.9,4.0,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,201.71,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,9.9,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,65,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.6,4.4,1,current,FNB,1,0,447.63,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.3,19.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,1858.41,none,1,1,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,73,55+,highest,none,student,2.2,0.5,1,current,BCI,4,0,6820.92,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,12.8,1.7,1,current,Fidelity,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.5,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,236.65,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,self_employed,5.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.3,10.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,2,0,6084.22,none,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,4.0,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,9.9,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,14.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,0.1,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,329.0,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,71,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,13.8,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,13.0,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.7,6.5,1,current,Nedbank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.0,2.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,563.33,none,0,1,1,low_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,28.7,30.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,7.8,12.2,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,35.6,14.8,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,2309.47,none,1,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,employed_formal,1.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,305.23,none,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.8,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,667.17,none,1,1,1,low_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,25.1,22.6,1,current,UBA,0,20,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.4,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,561.67,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.4,2.9,1,current,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,1.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,24.4,1,savings,KCB,1,0,445.88,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,7.2,1.9,1,savings,BAK,4,0,1171.96,none,1,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,student,2.5,1.2,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,80.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,second,none,unemployed,5.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.5,3.2,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,905.07,none,0,0,1,low_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.9,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,120.86,none,0,1,1,low_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,48.7,7.8,1,current,Absa,1,0,253.79,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.4,15.2,1,savings,Centenary,3,0,2706.17,none,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,1.6,1,current,BAK,2,0,725.44,none,0,0,1,low_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.4,3.7,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,586.79,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,5.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,1.7,1,savings,Capitec,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,30.3,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,15.2,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.2,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,8.6,15.3,1,savings,CBAO,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,7.0,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,179.49,none,0,1,0,low_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.4,0.7,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,615.78,none,0,1,0,low_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.9,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,475.67,none,0,1,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,7.0,0.0,1,current,Stanbic,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,4.6,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,484.49,none,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,5.1,1,current,FBNBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,student,7.2,19.2,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,293.9,none,0,1,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,4.2,9.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,827.14,none,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,3.2,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,65.79,none,1,1,1,low_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,18.2,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,15.0,28.1,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,131.43,none,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,none,student,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.1,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,10.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,20.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,3.4,2.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,6924.39,none,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.9,0.2,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1711.04,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.1,11.3,1,current,Orabank,2,0,526.18,none,0,0,0,low_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,64,55+,middle,none,student,6.9,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,low_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,65,55+,highest,none,self_employed,24.2,39.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,none,student,8.8,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,student,12.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,1.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,2.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,11.2,14.8,1,savings,Orabank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.8,1.5,1,current,BAK,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,1,low_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,12.8,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,second,none,student,6.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,1.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,student,42.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,low_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,10.7,13.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,509.24,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,8.3,1.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,low_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,55.1,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,6.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.4,1.1,1,current,GTBank,3,0,831.07,none,1,0,0,low_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,second,none,unemployed,4.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,1.4,1,savings,Zanaco,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,low_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,low_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,5.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,low_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.1,3.6,1,salary_account,FBNBank,1,0,716.0,none,0,1,0,low_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.3,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,1377.5,none,0,0,1,low_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,16.3,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,low_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,5.1,4.6,1,savings,First National Bank,3,0,38.46,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,21.4,22.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,self_employed,11.4,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,0.4,1,current,NCBA,2,0,545.14,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,12.9,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,9.8,43.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,13.1,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,second,tertiary,student,10.9,18.1,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,359.05,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,1.3,1,current,NBS Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,8.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.1,18.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,206.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,29.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,68,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,4642.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,6.7,0.3,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,1218.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,11.4,2.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,20.7,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,17.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,36.2,15.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1161.41,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,10.8,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.6,1,savings,BCI,2,0,237.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,9.2,16.8,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,2463.45,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,19.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,student,61.4,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,479.3,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,96.2,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,student,17.7,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.1,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,62,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,43.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,20.5,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,1.1,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,3949.56,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,student,3.3,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,74.6,11.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,424.19,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,student,1.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,1.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,primary,student,1.7,3.4,1,savings,BHS,1,0,832.77,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,0.8,4.6,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,1212.55,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.6,1,current,FNB,1,0,110.39,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,37.3,1.2,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,3,0,590.89,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,5.9,2.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,282.01,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,56,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.7,13.3,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,340.55,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,5.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,second,none,unemployed,16.3,3.2,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,74.39,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.1,0.7,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1166.51,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,student,1.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.9,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,269.49,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,8.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.1,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,939.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,8.8,1.7,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,2109.48,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.7,3.4,1,current,Awash Bank,3,0,3793.56,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,18.9,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,224.45,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,2.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,72,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,0.9,1,savings,Société Générale,3,0,1481.18,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,5.9,3.1,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,123.29,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,18.6,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.9,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,7.0,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.2,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,22.4,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,2.6,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,572.15,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,30.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,5.4,13.4,1,current,Cooperative Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.1,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,1277.41,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.6,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,17.2,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,11.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,49.7,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,20.1,12.9,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,214.26,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.7,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,68,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.9,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,729.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,18.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,student,0.8,0.5,1,savings,Orabank,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,42.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,32.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,70,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,80.0,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,69,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,11.2,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,3.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,68,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,28.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,14.9,1.4,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,1293.56,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.2,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,student,34.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,13.7,4.5,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,534.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,73,55+,highest,none,self_employed,4.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,4.7,24.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,31.7,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,5.0,0.3,1,current,National Bank,2,0,659.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.0,5.8,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1171.69,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,unemployed,5.6,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,18.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.8,4.0,1,savings,UBA,2,0,495.14,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,8.7,3.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1538.09,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,16.0,24.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.7,2.8,1,savings,KCB,2,0,429.49,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,2.8,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,0.3,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,995.4,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,15.8,33.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,28.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.7,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,19.6,5.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,15.1,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,2.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,31.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,20.9,2.1,1,current,National Bank,1,0,882.99,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,16.8,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,16.2,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,36.1,3.2,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,369.68,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.4,29.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,887.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,4.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,26.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,7.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,693.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,4.0,1,savings,BHS,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,15.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.9,5.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1920.3,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,20.3,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,1.8,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,213.21,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,14.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.4,4.3,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,525.54,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,705.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,student,10.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,59,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,18.1,14.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,20.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,418.3,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,41.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,63,55+,second,none,unemployed,4.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.4,23.1,1,current,First National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,7.9,8.4,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,341.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,10.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,52.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,student,1.4,0.1,1,current,Access Bank,3,0,4365.3,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,student,2.5,1.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,277.92,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.1,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.9,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,56,55+,second,none,employed_formal,24.6,6.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,198.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,18.3,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,17.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,19.9,38.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,31.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.7,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,5.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.0,3.0,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,3739.98,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.2,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.7,7.0,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,293.48,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,18.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,8.0,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,none,student,6.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,65,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,27.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,21.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.2,1,current,BCI,2,0,1935.9,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,17.0,1,current,FBNBank,3,0,415.42,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,19.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,6.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,240.51,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,3.4,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,student,1.0,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.2,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,0.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,none,student,0.9,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,719.91,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,13.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,17.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,6.4,1,savings,BHS,1,0,353.97,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.9,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,59,55+,second,tertiary,student,0.0,2.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,157.62,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.0,3.1,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,2234.88,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,35.4,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,11.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.4,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,426.15,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.7,24.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,13.1,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.9,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,163.4,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,student,73.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,14.2,25.1,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,1298.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,25.4,0.9,1,savings,BHS,1,0,533.29,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,1.6,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,63,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.0,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,2125.56,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,3.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,8.6,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.0,8.4,1,current,Capitec,4,0,190.74,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,25.2,5.3,1,savings,BDM,3,0,611.97,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,1.4,1,savings,BCI,2,0,347.96,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,59,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,11.9,8.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,957.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,4,0,6221.56,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,student,34.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.9,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,312.28,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,9.9,5.5,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,185.07,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,21.9,8.8,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,1217.55,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,5.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,29.1,3.7,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,1839.25,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,46.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.9,0.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,458.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,student,14.4,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,11.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,32.9,5.3,1,current,BHS,1,0,992.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,34.9,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,8.9,17.6,1,current,FNB,2,0,10946.64,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,1.1,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,95.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,primary,student,0.0,2.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,1473.74,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,7.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,23.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.2,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,2,0,701.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,student,4.6,2.7,1,current,First Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.0,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,0.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.3,0.9,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,165.04,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,17.2,0.3,1,current,UBA,3,0,241.09,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,student,2.7,0.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,1888.06,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,2.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.1,9.1,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,522.77,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,18.3,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.2,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,25.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.8,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,72,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,3.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,450.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.7,1.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,414.91,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,56,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.2,0.6,1,current,UBA,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,9.1,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,23.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,student,18.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,9.4,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,24.0,14.3,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,2312.4,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,0.4,1.7,1,current,NCBA,1,0,887.16,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,10.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.4,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,19.3,9.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,507.49,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,student,4.7,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,140.39,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,58,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,0.5,2.7,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,429.46,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,61,55+,second,none,self_employed,3.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.0,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,29.8,1,current,UBA,2,0,355.88,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,second,none,unemployed,5.0,6.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,286.78,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,0.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,1.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,47.12,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,28.6,7.9,1,current,FNB,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.2,1.8,1,current,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,17.8,29.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,60,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,6.2,0.5,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,659.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,13.2,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,47.7,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,31.8,7.5,1,salary_account,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,16.0,3.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,912.47,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,44.0,7.6,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,1095.51,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,33.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,60,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,8.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.3,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,47.6,2.0,1,current,BCDC,3,0,503.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,3.3,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1698.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.7,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,609.37,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,25.3,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,2.2,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,293.89,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,45.1,6.3,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,266.23,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.4,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,0.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,21.4,6.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,383.81,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,46.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,10.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.6,1,savings,BMCD,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.5,4.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,1080.34,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,34.2,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,92.4,8.0,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,217.36,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,student,14.6,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.3,1.0,1,current,GCB,2,0,516.99,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.6,2.6,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,260.35,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,14.5,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,49.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,0.2,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,471.97,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.7,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,301.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,6.1,8.7,1,savings,Access Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.6,24.5,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,427.27,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,12.5,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.0,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.9,3.8,1,current,GCB,2,0,181.43,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,22.5,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,4.1,1.0,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,549.82,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,3.1,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,312.85,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.3,1.1,1,savings,Absa,4,0,485.66,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,52.5,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,18.0,4.8,1,savings,Centenary,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.8,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,837.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.8,11.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1527.17,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.7,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.8,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,15.9,5.3,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,2029.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.4,1,savings,BAK,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,34.2,4.1,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,341.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,8.9,26.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,0.2,1,savings,Absa,4,0,628.11,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.3,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,5.1,3.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,13.8,5.0,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,652.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,1.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,4101.43,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,59,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,1.2,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,15.7,2.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,386.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,student,7.1,3.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,134.49,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,71.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.0,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,1.4,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,281.04,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,5.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,15.9,8.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,7636.91,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,42.6,2.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,25.5,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.7,27.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,18.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.7,2.9,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,282.84,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.5,2.0,1,current,GTBank,2,0,207.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.0,2.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,689.87,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,self_employed,5.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,7.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.4,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,767.57,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,student,0.4,4.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1057.48,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,3.8,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,59.2,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,none,student,11.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.2,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,10.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,4.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,4.6,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,73,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,4.0,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,0.6,1.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,127.37,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,71,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.8,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,444.07,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,20.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,2532.6,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,1.5,1,current,GTBank,4,0,344.81,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.7,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,12.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,1457.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,0.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,34.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.1,3.1,1,savings,DFCU,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,29.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.3,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.4,7.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,794.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,55.1,4.2,1,salary_account,GTBank,3,0,287.28,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,61,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,0.7,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2633.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,17.2,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,1.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,second,none,student,4.8,2.1,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,90.81,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,57,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.0,4.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,592.41,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,25.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,60,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,12.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,4.7,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,91.68,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,55,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.3,4.6,1,savings,BCDC,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.8,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,14.1,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,21.1,10.2,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,593.02,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,45,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,24.1,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,0.4,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,2540.61,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,62,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.7,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,1025.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.8,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,210.6,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,student,15.3,7.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,630.65,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.9,32.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.4,0.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,4,0,246.97,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,0.8,1,current,CBAO,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,12.2,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1415.13,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,21.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.8,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,2.8,1,savings,NMB,4,0,1429.8,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.3,2.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,2484.14,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,70,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.6,0.3,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,625.99,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,65,55+,highest,tertiary,student,12.8,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,12.3,3.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,3754.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.9,1.4,1,current,Cooperative Bank,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,student,2.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,2.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,222.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.9,2.6,1,current,BHS,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,2.4,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,145.53,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,64,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.1,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,0.9,1.4,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,5106.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,student,1.5,0.5,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,148.47,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,72,55+,second,tertiary,student,2.7,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,463.57,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.9,28.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,14.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,1.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,14.6,17.7,1,savings,BDM,3,0,309.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,19.3,5.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,100.2,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,0.6,1,savings,NCBA,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,2.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2301.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,13.2,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,40.0,4.4,1,savings,NBC,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,48.2,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,5.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,14.3,3.9,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,172.77,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,57.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,6.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,3.6,0.1,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,5870.11,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,32.5,2.7,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,54.45,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,24.0,2.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1653.88,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,student,2.1,44.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,18,18-24,second,none,self_employed,3.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,27.2,14.0,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,2895.74,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.5,25.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,456.42,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.7,0.3,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,5024.16,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,62.9,17.7,1,savings,GCB,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.2,22.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,301.4,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,second,none,student,11.9,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,6.7,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,270.22,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,28.3,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,26.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,10.2,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,24.1,13.1,1,current,BHS,4,0,1012.19,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,student,4.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,employed_informal,40.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,14.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,17.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,13.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,3.5,0.1,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,29.8,31.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,24.0,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,8.9,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,935.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,16.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,67,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.6,20.7,1,current,NBC,1,0,2193.31,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.8,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,422.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,48.5,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,2.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,17.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,46.1,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.8,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,3.5,4.7,1,savings,UBA,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.3,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,47.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,student,2.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.8,2.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,student,59.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,2.1,1,current,KCB,1,0,3281.32,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,58,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,student,79.6,7.1,1,current,NBC,4,0,1520.17,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.7,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,21.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,24.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,student,0.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,13.2,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,690.03,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,59,55+,middle,primary,student,5.3,3.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,535.48,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,13.4,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,17.9,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,261.04,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.4,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,5.5,1.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,687.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,2.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,3.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.1,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,5.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.6,15.3,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,7.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,3.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,2.3,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,960.65,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.7,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,0.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,15.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,3.3,1,savings,CBAO,3,0,121.58,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,16.5,7.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,24.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,3.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1212.95,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,0.1,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,second,none,unemployed,3.7,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,9.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.4,26.0,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,5619.69,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,38.6,6.1,1,salary_account,CBAO,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,11.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.2,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,5.3,3.5,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,19343.45,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,61,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,6.8,0.6,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,1,0,1633.03,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.5,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,936.01,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,4.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.6,34.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,56.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.8,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,4347.68,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,4.4,3.0,1,current,Nedbank,3,0,267.09,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,student,1.0,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,student,0.3,0.2,1,salary_account,FNB,2,0,704.56,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.5,1,current,BMCD,1,0,1243.51,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.7,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,8.6,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,12.9,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.7,0.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,student,1.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,13.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.0,17.2,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,10.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,28.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,74,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,2.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,43.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Moza Banco,4,0,148.99,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,0.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,21.9,10.4,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,2215.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.0,0.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,50.94,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,3.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,1217.32,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,3.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.5,13.8,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1230.56,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,student,3.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,9.7,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.8,7.7,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,4,0,587.24,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,40.7,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.9,6.4,1,current,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,student,3.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,21.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,3.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,17.0,3.2,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,1,0,654.45,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.8,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,student,0.3,1.4,1,salary_account,Rawbank,2,0,3932.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,9.6,2.1,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,464.8,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,6.2,1,savings,First Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,49.2,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,10.7,5.1,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,1672.19,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.0,19.6,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,429.38,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,0.8,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.1,4.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,3,0,1215.71,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,363.73,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,29.9,2.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,0.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,3.3,1.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,658.74,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,70,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,12.1,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,41.6,7.4,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,1,0,98.04,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.9,0.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,339.99,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,40.7,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,13.4,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.8,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,3377.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,15.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,8.0,12.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1385.45,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,1.0,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,487.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,55.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.8,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.2,1.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1330.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,11.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,38.8,7.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.8,3.4,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.7,3.0,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,475.61,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.8,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,643.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,48.0,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,4.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.1,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,63,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,0.6,0.0,1,savings,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,9.0,4.2,1,salary_account,KCB,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,student,3.9,0.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,851.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,student,11.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,41.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1301.53,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,3173.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,29.4,7.6,1,current,FDH Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,0.0,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,4,0,213.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,73,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.6,3.7,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,262.13,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.9,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,64,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.4,0.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,400.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.9,1,current,BHS,1,0,312.59,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,7.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,4,0,1319.51,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,1.0,30.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,11.6,15.7,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,304.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,10.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,6.1,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,12.2,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,44.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,4.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,4.5,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,1,0,1651.37,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,1,0,732.89,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,17.4,13.0,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,347.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,8.1,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,7.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,10.0,4.0,1,savings,BCI,2,0,339.78,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.3,0.3,1,current,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,12.9,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,56,55+,highest,none,unemployed,9.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,3.7,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,69.3,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,15.7,1,current,Absa,2,0,395.58,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.8,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,1.1,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,1402.46,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,25.5,9.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,476.25,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,4.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,7.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,25.0,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.8,3.2,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,255.77,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.8,2.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,179.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,student,3.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.2,36.7,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,757.58,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.8,1.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,57.03,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,10.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,21.8,1.7,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,5016.93,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,45,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,9.4,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,96.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,25.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,30.7,0.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,686.22,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.8,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1186.33,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,1,savings,Société Générale,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.9,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.1,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.9,1.2,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,169.59,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,22.4,13.9,1,current,Stanbic,4,0,1615.65,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,12.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,5.1,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,25.9,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,662.48,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,1.0,0.4,1,current,BMCD,4,0,541.13,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.0,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,none,student,0.8,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.1,1.6,1,savings,UBA,2,0,55.17,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,59,55+,second,none,self_employed,30.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,student,0.6,0.4,1,salary_account,Orabank,2,0,540.46,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,70,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.5,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.9,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.9,0.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1003.09,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,1.3,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,436.27,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,71,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,7.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.3,2.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,319.65,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.9,0.7,1,savings,Rawbank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.8,1.4,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,17.04,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,12.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,57,55+,middle,none,self_employed,4.4,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,59,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,2.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,employed_informal,11.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,4.8,5.2,1,savings,CRDB,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,6.0,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,346.55,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,23.4,1.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,613.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,20.3,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,19.4,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.9,1,current,FNB,1,0,515.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,45.1,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.6,1.9,1,salary_account,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,1.0,1,current,BCI,1,0,2409.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,7.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,4.5,0.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,154.33,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,2.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,12.1,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,second,primary,student,41.4,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,11.4,34.3,1,current,NCBA,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,58,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.9,0.1,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,45.61,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,24.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.4,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,280.42,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.6,32.8,1,current,Equity BCDC,4,0,555.06,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,35.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,second,none,self_employed,8.1,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,student,18.6,4.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,241.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,13.0,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.7,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,500.53,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.0,7.8,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,2,0,2243.36,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,1.0,1,savings,Equity BCDC,4,0,4276.33,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,student,9.0,4.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,29.9,22.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,18.9,0.1,1,current,I&M Bank,2,0,134.82,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.3,0.2,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,91.44,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,23.0,4.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,370.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,32.8,5.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,3.1,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,28.1,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.0,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.0,0.4,1,savings,Absa,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.4,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,1.7,1,current,CRDB,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,33.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.9,3.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,211.14,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,3.8,0.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,654.83,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,0.7,1,salary_account,KCB,3,0,7656.26,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.6,3.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,0.8,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,53.62,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.3,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,15.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,5.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,0.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,1.1,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,452.16,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,10.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.4,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.0,9.1,1,current,BCI,1,0,927.9,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,student,3.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,14.3,4.1,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1842.26,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.4,2.2,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,229.92,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,9.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,14.7,0.9,1,savings,KCB,3,0,399.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,29.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,28.7,2.4,1,current,Capitec,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,43.0,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,none,student,26.5,6.8,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,1,0,260.36,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,13.3,49.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1307.32,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,current,Absa,2,0,251.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,20.1,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,1,0,116.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,60,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,30.2,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,4.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,96.46,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,second,none,unemployed,2.3,12.3,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,207.34,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.5,1.1,1,current,GCB,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,9.1,11.6,1,salary_account,FNB,4,0,9855.72,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,372.12,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,59,55+,second,none,self_employed,14.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,28.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,4.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,30.1,32.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,67,55+,highest,none,self_employed,39.7,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,4.8,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,441.49,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.4,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,247.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,41.2,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,8.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,13.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.9,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,2693.14,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,1.3,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,student,0.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.8,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,30.1,2.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,173.29,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,0.4,2.7,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,1763.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,27.9,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,327.79,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,56,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.0,2.8,1,current,BDM,1,0,912.38,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.5,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,12.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.3,8.9,1,salary_account,CBAO,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,11.2,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,2.8,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,1325.41,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,16.2,9.8,1,savings,GCB,1,0,650.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,1.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,2,0,963.09,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.6,7.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,0.2,2.1,1,current,Rawbank,2,0,668.71,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,43.4,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,26.7,3.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,104.43,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,41.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,19.1,6.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2031.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,24.5,21.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,50.5,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,student,3.6,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,27.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,19.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,student,1.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.0,2.1,1,savings,NMB,2,0,1002.22,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,student,4.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.3,1,savings,CRDB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.0,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,41.3,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2906.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,53.8,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.1,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.5,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,229.31,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,5.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,325.6,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,4.9,1.9,1,current,DFCU,2,0,865.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.7,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,71,55+,second,none,employed_informal,6.9,30.3,1,savings,KCB,2,0,210.43,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.2,11.5,1,savings,BCI,3,0,1190.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,3.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,16.2,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,2.1,1,savings,FNB,4,0,802.91,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.5,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,15.3,0.7,1,savings,Orabank,3,0,938.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,1.9,3.0,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,266.82,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,12.2,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,79.9,5.7,1,savings,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,0.7,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,377.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,514.37,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,19.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,2.7,1,salary_account,First National Bank,2,0,363.88,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,student,3.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,26.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,13.8,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,69,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,0.3,1,savings,NBC,2,0,218.05,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,5.8,2.4,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,23,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,none,student,16.7,0.7,1,current,NCBA,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,9.7,2.2,1,current,KCB,3,0,2715.16,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.5,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,327.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,65,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,72,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,22.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,20.8,9.7,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,236.82,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.9,6.8,1,current,GCB,1,0,532.4,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,22.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,20.6,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.0,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,52.7,0.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,299.21,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.4,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,14.5,3.9,1,current,UBA,3,0,236.94,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.0,2.1,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,638.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,1.7,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,937.32,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,57,55+,highest,none,unemployed,4.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,6.5,1,savings,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.6,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,296.2,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,1.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,6.0,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.0,7.1,1,current,National Bank,1,0,1182.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,6.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,15.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,28.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.4,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.5,3.9,1,current,BMCD,2,0,1974.33,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,32.8,0.8,1,salary_account,Access Bank,3,0,5874.63,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,70,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,23.9,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.7,2.8,1,current,BHS,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.0,1.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1621.71,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,0.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,682.35,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,2.6,4.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,189.86,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,2.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,14.5,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,29.0,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,1.7,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.6,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,0.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,student,26.7,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,student,0.9,3.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,2.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,16.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,60,55+,highest,none,unemployed,22.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,73,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,1.4,1,current,FNB,2,0,764.07,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,0.5,0.2,1,salary_account,FNB,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,44.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.4,0.8,1,salary_account,FNB,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.8,1,savings,First Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.7,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,student,19.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,25.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,15.3,1.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,572.48,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,second,none,unemployed,7.9,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,unemployed,15.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,5.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.2,6.9,1,current,NMB,1,0,207.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,29.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,517.41,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.9,0.7,1,current,Stanbic,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,0.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,15.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,21.8,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,64,55+,highest,none,student,53.8,9.1,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,363.41,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,0.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,175.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,28.5,22.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,19.8,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.1,1,salary_account,Orabank,1,0,678.09,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,6.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,primary,student,9.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,6.5,3.8,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,231.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.9,1.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.6,1.0,1,current,CBAO,1,0,201.79,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,1.5,4.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,941.22,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,48.4,4.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,1284.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,2.5,1,current,BCDC,3,0,3155.02,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,1,savings,BDM,2,0,7201.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,24.1,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,7.5,1,savings,Zanaco,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.7,14.6,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,1405.81,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,28.5,17.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,20.1,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,0.4,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,18.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,906.11,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,CRDB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.2,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,395.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,3.0,1,savings,KCB,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.3,8.9,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,164.5,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,14.0,2.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,691.66,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,11.3,4.7,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,416.17,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,74,55+,middle,none,student,18.4,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,0.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,21.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,61,55+,second,none,student,2.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,17.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,second,none,unemployed,12.3,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,36.76,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,13.3,26.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,1,current,BMCD,1,0,959.78,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,25.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,primary,student,18.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,32.9,5.0,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,198.87,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,student,23.0,4.2,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,62.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.0,2.0,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,287.36,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.4,11.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,184.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.9,2.2,1,savings,BHS,2,0,464.85,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.9,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,496.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,12.1,3.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,533.43,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,62,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,1.7,1,savings,KCB,3,0,609.11,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.5,0.8,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,228.48,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,2.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,student,16.0,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,1.4,0.4,1,savings,NMB,2,0,305.52,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,1.6,0.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,923.43,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,0.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1734.8,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,student,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,17.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,1.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,3.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.9,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,193.37,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,31.4,4.0,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.2,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,26.2,28.2,1,savings,UBA,3,0,1181.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,24.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,57,55+,second,none,self_employed,22.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,0.7,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,3,0,272.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,1.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,7.2,0.1,1,savings,Sonibank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,17.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,92.02,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,13.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,none,student,28.3,2.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,708.94,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,14.0,28.0,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,194.21,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,1,0,1338.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,3.7,1.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,284.65,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,84.9,13.8,1,savings,Sonibank,3,0,2894.39,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.4,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,778.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.9,2.6,1,savings,Access Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,282.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,4.6,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,450.64,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.1,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,24.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.7,8.7,1,savings,CRDB,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.6,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,529.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.8,0.2,1,savings,Fidelity,4,0,300.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,65,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,8.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.9,3.3,1,savings,NBC,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,5.3,1.2,1,savings,Centenary,4,0,788.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.8,0.2,1,savings,BCI,1,0,540.73,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,59,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.8,1,current,I&M Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.0,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.3,7.9,1,current,National Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,0.0,2.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,672.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,0.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,744.81,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,75.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.8,0.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,566.23,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,9.7,5.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,908.55,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,6.0,2.0,1,current,Moza Banco,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,0.7,5.7,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,4381.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,66,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,3.1,1.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,3035.5,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,0.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,48.1,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,0.5,1.8,1,savings,First National Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.7,3.3,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,136.74,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,salary_account,NBC,2,0,4434.36,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,none,student,3.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,5.8,24.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.2,3.3,1,savings,BCI,2,0,1257.73,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.6,0.1,1,savings,FNB,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,1.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,386.13,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,7.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,9.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,8.6,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,4.1,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,15.4,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,none,student,0.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,10.5,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,588.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.0,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,29.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,second,tertiary,student,4.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,student,0.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,9.0,0.6,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,214.82,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.8,0.6,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,2801.61,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,15.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,12.2,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,59,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,3.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1348.82,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,1.3,1,current,KCB,2,0,327.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.7,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,unemployed,4.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,35.3,2.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,72,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,9.8,8.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,124.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.3,6.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,185.78,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,65,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.8,4.0,1,current,First Bank,1,0,1113.02,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.2,6.1,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,558.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,1.1,1,current,I&M Bank,3,0,3011.74,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,23.9,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.8,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,33.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,0.5,1,salary_account,Zanaco,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,student,0.1,0.7,1,current,Capitec,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,12.7,17.5,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,1486.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,8.4,20.2,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,791.28,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.7,19.1,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,273.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,4.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,17.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,1.6,14.5,1,savings,BDM,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,21.2,3.6,1,savings,Stanbic,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,student,0.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.1,5.2,1,current,NBS Bank,3,0,518.09,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,15.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,15.7,0.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1123.01,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,62,55+,highest,primary,student,1.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,73,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.4,1.1,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,25.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,student,0.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,1.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,433.05,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,57,55+,second,none,employed_formal,4.7,3.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,167.12,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.8,11.8,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,2,0,318.98,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,26.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,student,3.2,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,1677.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,7.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,348.77,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,1.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,1.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,48.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,11.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.0,4.4,1,savings,FNB,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,73,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,1215.92,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,7.7,10.5,1,savings,Absa,3,0,338.86,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,21.6,1,current,Absa,2,0,903.87,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,64.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,23.7,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,37.57,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,student,13.5,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,11.1,4.3,1,salary_account,GTBank,1,0,175.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,6.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,508.34,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,0.3,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,103.41,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,93.1,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,42.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.0,3.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,179.31,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,57,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.6,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,797.68,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,42.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,8.8,0.2,1,current,First Bank,1,0,666.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.7,6.9,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,2.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,17.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.6,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,second,none,unemployed,1.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.3,6.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,264.74,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.3,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.1,4.4,1,savings,NCBA,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.5,29.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,56,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,9.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.5,1,current,BDM,1,0,1168.38,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,58,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,15.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.7,1,savings,FBNBank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,0.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,4,0,4223.61,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,0.6,0.1,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.5,1.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,585.41,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.7,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.8,3.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,329.04,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,11.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.5,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,105.9,26.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.7,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,2,0,839.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.5,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,40.7,0.2,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,590.78,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,student,9.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.1,2.6,1,salary_account,Société Générale,1,0,5343.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,42.2,17.8,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,2522.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,0.3,1,current,National Bank,2,0,203.41,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,28.3,9.6,1,savings,Stanbic,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,1,0,1765.84,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,43.2,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,40.5,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,40.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.5,2.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,719.02,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,17.4,3.0,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,582.4,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,23.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,44.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,10.2,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.2,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,62.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.8,3.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,153.83,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,431.31,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.0,1,current,GCB,1,0,1607.68,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,0.3,2.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.9,10.7,1,current,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.3,2.1,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1548.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,11.8,4.6,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,2478.55,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,5.5,5.1,1,current,GCB,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,84.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.6,50.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.2,1.1,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,2364.47,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,8.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.3,11.9,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,71.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,14.5,1.8,1,current,BCI,2,0,815.04,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.6,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,890.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,5.9,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,521.28,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.0,2.2,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,33.37,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,28.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,0.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,326.14,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,32.6,3.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,2565.96,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,1.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,3.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.4,6.8,1,savings,NBC,3,0,1123.9,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.9,11.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,405.21,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,3.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,422.22,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,22.6,3.7,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,1877.49,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,32.9,2.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,409.21,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,44.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,none,student,12.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,17.8,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,7.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.1,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,2.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,1.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.9,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,1,0,3435.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,1.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2014.24,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,19.5,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,6.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,27.8,0.7,1,current,Equity BCDC,1,0,293.66,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,0.4,1,current,GCB,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,student,4.5,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,57,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.0,13.0,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,1,0,2357.45,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,76.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,11.0,0.0,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,819.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.2,1,savings,BMCD,0,21,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,1.2,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,81.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.0,0.7,1,current,FNB,2,0,193.79,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,9.0,0.4,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,906.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,0.7,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,2292.46,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,none,student,2.2,2.5,1,salary_account,BMCD,3,0,2568.3,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.0,1.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,692.26,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,14.7,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.3,0.1,1,current,BDM,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,7.3,0.6,1,salary_account,First National Bank,2,0,496.35,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,25.3,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,1.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,1725.83,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.0,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,2.3,1,savings,UBA,2,0,1376.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,0.8,1,current,Absa,2,0,1382.25,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.5,6.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,63,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.4,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,220.04,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,student,4.2,1.4,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,2442.24,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,0.5,1,savings,NBC,1,0,496.56,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,38.8,17.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,66,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,58,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,12.8,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,2614.13,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.4,9.4,1,savings,BDM,1,0,952.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.2,4.4,1,salary_account,Stanbic,4,0,1265.82,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,60,55+,second,none,employed_informal,3.5,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.6,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,3,0,384.44,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.3,0.3,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,427.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,1,0,324.16,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,9.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,student,3.1,3.1,1,salary_account,BMCD,3,0,1022.51,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,22.1,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.3,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,23.1,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,69.4,10.2,1,savings,NBC,1,0,5206.91,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.1,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.9,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,6.3,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,51.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,9.6,30.4,1,savings,KCB,2,0,3124.2,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,19.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,1.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,581.17,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.1,1.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,297.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,48.9,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,24.4,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,10.3,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,683.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,13.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,19.5,5.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,409.77,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.6,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.3,1.1,1,salary_account,FNB,1,0,669.61,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,1.2,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,498.11,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,58,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.8,0.2,1,current,Capitec,1,0,1290.32,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,71,55+,second,none,self_employed,3.5,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,194.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,1.4,27.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,3278.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.1,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,281.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,32.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,17.8,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,27.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.6,15.8,1,savings,Orabank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,22.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,student,4.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.3,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,441.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.9,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,789.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.9,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,4.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,7.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,290.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,1,0,514.96,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,student,2.9,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,4.3,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,none,student,3.6,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,67,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.5,0.8,1,savings,BAK,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,21.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.4,1.6,1,savings,Nedbank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,53.1,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,73,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,3.5,0.8,1,savings,KCB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.9,0.8,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,132.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.8,0.4,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,405.36,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,2897.28,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,8.5,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,145.64,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,5.6,4.3,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,374.21,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,1.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,2076.34,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.7,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,1.3,4.0,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1227.6,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,66,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,1,current,Access Bank,3,0,5452.65,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,3.7,12.6,1,savings,GCB,2,0,1725.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,23.5,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,6.5,3.7,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,941.63,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,51.8,4.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1466.29,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,27.8,12.5,1,savings,BCI,1,0,745.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,17.3,4.7,1,savings,NMB,3,0,3166.53,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,23.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,16.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,570.35,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,1.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,1.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.6,2.9,1,salary_account,FNB,4,0,3289.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.6,3.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,349.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,41,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,2.0,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,260.45,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,33.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.2,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,268.44,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,23.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,0.3,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,543.66,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,81.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.1,0.1,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,2.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,27.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.2,0.6,1,current,Zanaco,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.8,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,11.5,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,unemployed,6.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,1.1,1.1,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,6691.88,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,6.0,0.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,student,1.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,74,55+,middle,tertiary,student,38.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,13.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,none,student,2.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,0.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,self_employed,17.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,3.1,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,326.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,1.0,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,288.68,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,58.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.1,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,496.87,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,73.68,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,second,none,self_employed,2.3,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,606.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,4.8,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,3,0,2767.27,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,2732.9,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,63,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.2,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,1.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.1,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,2347.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,student,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.7,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,22.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,9.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,2.0,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,132.49,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.0,4.8,1,savings,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,17.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,45.4,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,student,0.6,2.6,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,681.24,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.5,1,savings,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,5.5,0.7,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,777.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,5101.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.2,0.8,1,savings,Zanaco,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.4,9.7,1,current,BAK,2,0,494.34,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.6,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,63,55+,highest,none,student,1.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,student,25.1,61.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,30.5,10.3,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,68,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.6,0.1,1,savings,BDM,4,0,396.79,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,1.8,2.7,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,254.52,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,44.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,4.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.7,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.2,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,second,none,self_employed,6.6,0.3,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,315.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,3.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,200.98,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,60,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,2033.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.9,2.9,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,518.34,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.7,1.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,695.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,8.0,0.5,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,44.54,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,19.5,4.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,435.28,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,1.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,372.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,student,0.6,1.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,374.6,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.6,0.6,1,savings,KCB,2,0,63.2,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,3.7,1,savings,BDM,1,0,4164.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.5,1.2,1,savings,DFCU,4,0,277.02,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,18.2,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,1.2,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,413.28,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,6.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,6.6,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,2939.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.4,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,13.5,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,7.9,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.7,16.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,189.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.1,0.1,1,current,Centenary,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.8,2.8,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,109.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,115.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,6.4,1,current,UBA,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,3.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,none,unemployed,4.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.0,18.3,1,current,BAK,1,0,154.42,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,student,0.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,student,4.3,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,405.19,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.4,1.2,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,513.8,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,none,student,0.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,5.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,16.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.1,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,1.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,62,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.4,7.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,689.44,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.5,1.4,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,623.6,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,24.6,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.4,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,20.5,23.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,22.3,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,4.6,3.5,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.1,2.4,1,savings,Société Générale,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,1.3,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,181.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,6.6,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,299.34,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,60,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.3,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,14.7,0.2,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,59.84,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.3,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,67,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,2.7,1.6,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,445.51,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,5.8,14.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,401.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.2,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.7,16.3,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,751.33,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,54.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,2.6,1.3,1,current,Capitec,2,0,1069.03,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,student,14.5,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,120.71,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,70,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.0,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,student,6.6,13.4,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,2781.84,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.9,1,savings,BDM,1,0,1150.72,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,6.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3519.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,22.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,3.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,1.6,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,369.63,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,22.9,0.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,4,0,2178.78,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.3,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,413.6,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,18.5,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,18.2,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,56,55+,second,none,unemployed,5.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,46.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,5.7,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.4,6.0,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,875.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.6,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,5.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,8.0,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,2,0,264.13,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,25.7,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,54.5,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,student,5.1,2.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,625.41,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,1.8,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,2.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,204.13,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,3.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,87.78,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,5.5,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1158.81,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,2.9,1,salary_account,GTBank,2,0,1139.07,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.1,1,current,NCBA,3,0,911.99,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.1,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,15.0,5.9,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,20.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,1.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,26.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.0,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,22.0,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.2,18.4,1,savings,NBC,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,60,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.6,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,442.81,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,71.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,301.36,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,22.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,53.5,12.8,1,current,BCI,4,0,612.04,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,BAK,1,0,297.74,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.8,1.1,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,457.38,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,10.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.1,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,18.1,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,4.5,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,4.5,3.8,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,139.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,0.4,1,savings,UBA,2,0,85.97,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,16.3,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,11.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,4.1,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.6,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,197.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.7,6.8,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,112.92,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.6,6.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,578.96,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.9,1,savings,Rawbank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,22.4,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.7,4.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,462.09,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.1,0.9,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,801.87,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,10.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.7,1,current,Orabank,1,0,2018.83,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,4.2,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,3818.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.5,19.8,1,current,NBS Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,student,10.8,3.4,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,1.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.2,0.0,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,190.86,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,54.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,student,1.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,16.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.0,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,7.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,7508.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.8,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1057.22,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,student,1.4,0.0,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,1344.98,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,2.8,0.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,498.42,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,9.7,11.0,1,current,Capitec,1,0,1216.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,19.9,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,848.46,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.3,0.9,1,savings,BHS,1,0,330.04,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.5,4.5,1,current,BAK,4,0,459.5,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,4.6,1,current,Capitec,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,21.1,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,1390.11,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,31.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,50.6,0.2,1,current,UBA,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,0.6,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.1,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,second,primary,student,20.8,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,18.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,19.0,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,70,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,18.1,18.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2045.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,student,0.5,1.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,17.5,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.2,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.3,1,savings,Absa,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,3.0,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.2,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,22.0,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.4,0.9,1,current,BCI,2,0,268.87,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,4.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,student,3.9,2.6,1,current,NCBA,2,0,162.7,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,4,0,4025.55,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,15.2,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,11.6,1,savings,BHS,1,0,680.97,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,20.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1150.24,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.3,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.4,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,20,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.4,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,62,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,19.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.7,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.8,1.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1448.04,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,3.5,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,529.17,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.7,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,1013.19,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,11.3,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,39.1,6.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,4,0,500.92,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,35.1,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,student,4.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,22.5,4.8,1,fixed_deposit,Equity BCDC,4,0,2675.18,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,16.2,0.2,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,3,0,1465.58,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,56,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.0,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,3429.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.3,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,180.43,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,22.0,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.1,1.2,1,current,DFCU,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,1.6,1,current,Rawbank,2,0,3053.12,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,14.4,31.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,7.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,348.77,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,73,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,17.4,4.7,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1067.12,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,student,10.3,25.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,5.7,0.6,1,savings,Absa,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,15.9,9.6,1,savings,GCB,2,0,491.79,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,3.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,601.51,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,59,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.8,11.0,1,current,FNB,1,0,5936.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,59,55+,highest,none,unemployed,0.9,1.4,1,current,BCDC,1,0,6392.41,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,62,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,0.5,1,current,BCI,1,0,6349.43,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,64,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,10.7,7.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1659.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.8,1,savings,BCI,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.4,0.3,1,salary_account,FBNBank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.4,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.8,7.3,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,163.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,12.2,26.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,11.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,21.4,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,student,10.4,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,4,0,935.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,1.5,3.9,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.1,2.9,1,savings,NCBA,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,57,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,14.2,8.6,1,savings,DFCU,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,12.3,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,24.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.0,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,student,16.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,17.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,961.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.2,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,330.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.8,46.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,6.4,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,student,3.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,3.4,1,current,Coris Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,student,6.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,primary,student,8.4,2.6,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,2327.22,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,69,55+,second,none,self_employed,4.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,11.4,11.1,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,4,0,125.15,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,62,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,15.4,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,second,none,unemployed,4.2,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,69,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,13.7,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,72,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,0.5,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,113.47,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,student,16.6,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,1.2,6.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,745.83,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,3.7,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.0,1,current,CBAO,4,0,1412.73,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,10.9,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,158.24,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.2,3.9,1,salary_account,FBNBank,1,0,284.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,none,self_employed,12.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,6.3,4.5,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,445.06,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,10.5,1,savings,NBC,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,10.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,283.4,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,7.2,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,0.2,1,current,BHS,2,0,4525.26,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.9,40.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,472.1,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,student,4.8,6.8,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,323.41,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,1.3,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,180.73,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,53.4,0.6,1,current,Cooperative Bank,3,0,2183.04,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.2,3.3,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,263.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.3,3.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,300.27,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,1.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,532.73,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,student,0.7,20.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,2199.49,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,student,0.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.3,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,12.3,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,46.8,6.2,1,salary_account,KCB,4,0,682.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,14.3,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,13.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,36.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,12.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.4,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,131.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,14.4,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.8,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,19.0,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.3,0.2,1,savings,CRDB,0,9,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.3,2.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1567.16,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,2.4,0.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,290.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,57,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,4.3,4.7,1,savings,BDM,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.3,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,unemployed,14.9,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,none,student,12.8,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,24.7,16.1,1,current,National Bank,2,0,531.69,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,0.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.9,11.6,1,current,BDM,3,0,1776.41,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,19.7,6.7,1,savings,Absa,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,12.5,30.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.3,4.4,1,current,GCB,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,65,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,4.1,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,9.7,9.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,243.58,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,2.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,5.7,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,2585.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.4,33.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,231.34,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,16.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,21.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.9,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,2,0,576.29,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,13.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,student,8.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,38.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,0.3,1,current,NCBA,4,0,5830.93,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,14.1,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.1,0.1,1,savings,FNB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,68,55+,second,none,self_employed,2.2,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,34.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,10.6,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.1,1,savings,First National Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.6,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,11.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.6,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,356.05,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,0.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,31.9,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,3.8,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,second,none,self_employed,3.0,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,66,55+,second,none,employed_informal,4.8,1.5,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,302.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,primary,student,9.6,0.1,1,savings,BAK,4,0,1647.29,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,33.7,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,27.1,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.0,10.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,19,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,10.3,1,current,FNB,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,student,0.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,10.1,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,2,0,168.42,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,17.5,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,15.5,0.2,1,current,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,26.0,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,7.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.4,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,869.61,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.3,1.5,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,1774.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,23.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.6,20.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,60,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.0,2.6,1,savings,FBNBank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,63.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,student,20.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,73,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,12.6,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,65.6,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.1,1.3,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,5.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,138.74,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,44.6,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,3,0,158.79,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,74,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,7.5,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,3.0,1.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,14.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,student,41.2,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,4.0,7.9,1,current,Capitec,2,0,615.69,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,32.0,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,2027.62,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,student,1.6,1.8,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,2,0,1263.39,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,32.1,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.8,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,294.72,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.3,3.5,1,current,Centenary,2,0,69.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,62,55+,highest,none,self_employed,13.5,6.8,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,1854.14,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,3.0,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,165.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,3.3,0.5,1,current,NCBA,1,0,1195.65,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.7,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,101.75,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,second,none,unemployed,2.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,292.03,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,23.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,15.6,22.2,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1100.97,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,20.0,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,21.34,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,58.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,4.0,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.3,0.8,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,638.37,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,0.1,7.4,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,301.77,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.4,12.3,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,2,0,453.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,2.2,5.8,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,1,0,1905.4,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,5.8,14.6,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1152.04,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.4,9.7,1,current,NCBA,3,0,1152.83,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,12.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,7.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,student,10.4,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,4.9,3.6,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,1815.74,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.8,4.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,409.78,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,20.4,4.5,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1969.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,17.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.5,1.5,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,449.85,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,student,1.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,4.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,23.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,0,10,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,0.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,37.7,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.7,1.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,846.11,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,11.9,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.7,1.8,1,savings,BAK,2,0,6852.32,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,2.4,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,4.8,2.9,1,current,BMCD,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,student,16.2,31.0,1,savings,Fidelity,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,35.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,66.7,0.7,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,445.81,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,6.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.8,8.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,155.75,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,4.4,3.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,324.34,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,30.8,6.3,1,current,GTBank,3,0,190.53,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,9.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.3,2.6,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,482.2,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.6,2.9,1,current,Moza Banco,4,0,3411.35,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.4,0.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,155.75,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,60.3,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,student,7.1,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,4.2,27.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,second,none,student,4.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.2,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,29.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,28.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,5.5,1.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.1,1,savings,BCI,1,0,726.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.4,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,21.2,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,student,1.8,0.9,1,savings,BCI,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.8,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.7,11.3,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,4,0,467.44,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,12.0,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,6.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,38.1,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,50.06,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,18.0,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,436.71,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,student,3.1,1.8,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,233.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,student,44.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,14.8,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,61,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,9.7,8.3,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1106.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,16.8,5.4,1,current,BAK,3,0,1590.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,29.5,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,student,17.6,0.1,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,2004.38,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,3.9,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,student,3.6,3.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,14.5,1,savings,Equity BCDC,2,0,645.13,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,4.5,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,13.9,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,844.91,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.1,1,savings,UBA,3,0,1758.11,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,student,12.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.0,2.0,1,savings,NCBA,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,64,55+,second,none,unemployed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,12.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,44.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,2.1,1,savings,FNB,4,0,539.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.2,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,student,2.0,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.3,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,144.6,16.4,1,savings,Absa,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,21.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,second,none,unemployed,7.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,971.52,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,74,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,5.5,0.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2970.89,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,4.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,0.6,5.0,1,current,Equity BCDC,4,0,139.35,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,0.9,1,salary_account,Orabank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,6.9,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.1,4.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,290.26,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,14.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,418.45,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,12.5,2.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,485.14,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,unemployed,8.2,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,1156.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,1.4,0.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,152.66,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,64,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.0,1,current,UBA,1,0,1706.89,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,23.5,0.7,1,savings,UBA,3,0,1487.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,0.7,3.8,1,savings,KCB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,44.0,1.7,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,1724.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,11.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,3.5,1,salary_account,CRDB,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,second,none,self_employed,29.5,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,60,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,15.8,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,3,0,133.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,7.1,6.0,1,savings,Absa,4,0,671.25,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.5,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,1,0,73.88,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,20.0,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,none,student,2.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,16.5,0.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.6,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,580.57,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.2,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,4412.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.1,1.0,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,225.37,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.2,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,165.15,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,8.4,12.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,704.1,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,7.8,7.3,1,current,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,42.3,6.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,436.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.7,2.3,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,366.74,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.9,17.8,1,savings,KCB,2,0,56.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,2.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,1.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,58,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,1.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.8,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,11.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,student,1.8,1.6,1,current,NBS Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,student,1.4,22.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,3.8,16.7,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,student,5.0,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,14.9,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1376.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.2,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.8,6.6,1,current,Sonibank,4,0,2566.39,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,30.2,2.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1207.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,17.2,1,current,Capitec,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,2.4,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,511.71,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,student,9.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,18.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.5,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,student,0.6,2.6,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,261.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.6,2.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,241.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.6,19.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,3795.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,56,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,28.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,5.8,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,39.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.0,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,24.1,3.9,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,1.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.8,2.8,1,salary_account,FNB,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,23.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,2.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,11.3,2.1,1,current,DFCU,1,0,799.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,59,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,28.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,67,55+,second,secondary,student,2.4,1.2,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,624.64,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,4.3,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1463.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,4.9,5.7,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1137.36,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,0.2,1,savings,FNB,2,0,100.89,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,unemployed,19.6,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,72,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,14.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,6.1,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,209.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,21.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,69,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,38.4,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,student,9.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.4,3.3,1,current,Cooperative Bank,4,0,286.86,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,21.1,1,current,FNB,2,0,1224.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,6.1,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,3085.17,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.6,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,27.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,second,none,student,10.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,second,none,self_employed,12.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,2.6,0.2,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,760.22,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,self_employed,10.6,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,9.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,2.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,32.1,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,43.1,16.6,1,current,Coris Bank,4,0,3109.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,35,25-34,second,primary,student,6.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.4,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,none,student,0.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,student,22.8,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.0,0.9,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,696.8,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.9,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,59.6,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1907.84,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,4.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,32.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.8,0.8,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,398.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,15.9,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.0,2.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,514.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.8,3.1,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,21.1,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.5,1.9,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,2,0,327.13,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.3,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,student,3.7,3.4,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,190.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,12.2,19.9,1,savings,NBC,4,0,275.45,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.8,1.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1469.99,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,8.3,1.3,1,savings,DFCU,4,0,89.66,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,64,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,second,none,student,2.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.7,2.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,5366.44,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.5,1,savings,Sonibank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,18.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.1,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,3926.3,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,0.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,167.29,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,73,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,275.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,59,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,5.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,7.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,1701.49,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,23.8,11.6,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,748.01,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,6.5,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,568.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.8,31.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,72,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,62.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,6.4,4.6,1,savings,NBC,2,0,114.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.5,2.0,1,savings,NCBA,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,8.5,3.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,3.2,3.9,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,6251.87,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,second,tertiary,student,2.8,5.3,1,savings,BHS,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,2,0,2585.77,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,0.8,1,savings,Rawbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,1.3,14.9,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,4312.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,785.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,26.8,9.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,2660.29,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,23.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,74,55+,highest,none,unemployed,2.5,0.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,4364.31,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,11.2,39.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.7,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,2.8,20.8,1,savings,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,56,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,2.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,38.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.8,1.4,1,current,Absa,3,0,455.84,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,2.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,637.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,17.7,7.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,2002.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,69,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.5,0.8,1,savings,UBA,1,0,221.62,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,18.9,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,239.9,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,230.11,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,99.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,0.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,35.1,3.5,1,savings,First National Bank,3,0,4563.07,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,1.9,1,salary_account,FNB,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,none,student,0.8,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,46.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.4,1,current,First National Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,2.3,1,current,Access Bank,3,0,707.24,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,4.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.6,28.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.9,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,22.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,4.4,0.0,1,current,Sonibank,4,0,110.77,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,student,3.7,9.4,1,savings,CBAO,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,second,none,unemployed,4.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,25.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,1700.35,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.0,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,59,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,28.6,6.1,1,savings,GCB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,student,0.9,8.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,95.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,13.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,22.0,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,2.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,0.4,1,salary_account,FNB,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,12.6,11.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,1097.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,second,none,unemployed,0.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,student,4.3,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,2684.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.7,1.3,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,884.01,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,11.5,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,5.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.0,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Orabank,4,0,2642.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,6.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,47.8,11.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,747.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,21.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,19.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.5,2.7,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,334.42,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,27.6,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,32.2,3.8,1,current,Capitec,2,0,428.38,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.0,1.9,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,87.07,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.5,3.9,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,499.17,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,11.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,65,55+,highest,none,self_employed,2.9,0.8,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1626.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,18.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,0.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1278.27,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,51.8,6.4,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,130.94,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.3,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,542.1,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,64,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,5.1,3.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,1871.39,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.7,2.3,1,savings,BAK,1,0,1788.11,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.9,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,23.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,2.7,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,149.07,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,69,55+,middle,tertiary,student,4.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,3.4,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,16.1,6.8,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,168.83,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,65,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.0,0.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,130.8,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,1.3,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,64,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.4,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,20.1,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,31.3,28.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,22.4,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,6.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,2.9,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,585.66,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,second,tertiary,student,1.9,5.0,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,184.97,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.5,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,34.5,4.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,student,21.2,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,3,0,634.43,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,1.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,student,6.9,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,6.2,1,savings,Orabank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,24.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.0,3.9,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,797.46,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,9.8,9.7,1,current,Zanaco,4,0,1397.32,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,11.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,6.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.7,1,salary_account,BMCD,2,0,664.54,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,student,2.4,11.3,1,salary_account,NBC,2,0,1385.81,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,20.2,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,6.5,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,16.0,6.3,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,372.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,2.5,2.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,5135.46,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,20.6,4.2,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,917.4,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,65.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.8,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,5.3,1,current,Awash Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,student,2.7,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,170.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.5,2.7,1,current,National Bank,2,0,1058.01,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,10.6,1,current,Zanaco,3,0,350.12,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,4.0,2.4,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,196.15,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,56,55+,second,none,self_employed,9.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,72,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,71,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,13.7,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,1.6,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,3.0,5.7,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,220.11,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.3,21.4,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,82.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,student,1.2,1.6,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,3,0,629.26,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,4,0,255.9,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.6,3.6,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,1282.06,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,13.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,40.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.1,8.2,1,salary_account,GCB,2,0,436.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,11.9,29.1,1,current,GTBank,1,0,1879.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,11.2,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,22.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.3,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,60.2,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,student,1.2,18.4,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,740.09,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,30.5,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,0.2,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,70.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,25.0,3.8,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,1,0,452.26,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,12.6,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,second,primary,student,38.4,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.5,2.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,801.71,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.7,0.2,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,585.91,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,76.6,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,1.1,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.1,5.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,657.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,26.2,5.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2107.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,3.0,1,savings,BDM,1,0,2732.33,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,10.8,0.1,1,savings,FNB,4,0,7977.94,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.6,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.3,0.1,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,2212.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.4,14.2,1,current,UBA,1,0,135.34,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.0,21.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1718.53,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,10.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,12.0,1,current,BHS,1,0,231.39,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.7,1.4,1,savings,DFCU,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,14.2,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,7.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,student,9.3,18.9,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,63.63,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.4,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,763.48,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,3.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1343.51,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,5.1,4.5,1,savings,BHS,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.1,2.5,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,71.45,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,student,0.6,3.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,97.53,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,student,0.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,3.7,0.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,3,0,723.26,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.5,3.3,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,797.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,30.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.9,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,13.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,31.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.0,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,5.7,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,second,none,student,1.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.2,1,savings,KCB,2,0,190.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.5,2.2,1,savings,DFCU,4,0,740.32,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,35.8,1.8,1,savings,FNB,4,0,48.09,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,5.1,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,10.0,3.4,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,733.71,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,6.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.0,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,27.5,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,20.8,0.8,1,savings,National Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.7,0.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,98.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,student,1.3,35.8,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,3,0,331.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.5,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,790.08,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,14.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,1.5,1,current,KCB,2,0,84.72,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.9,1,salary_account,BHS,4,0,973.97,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,1.2,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,573.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.0,2.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,43.2,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,4.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,8.4,1,current,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.6,2.1,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,921.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,26.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,2.8,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,student,37.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,8.2,14.8,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,1317.88,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,41.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,second,none,unemployed,4.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,9.7,1,savings,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,28.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,81.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,current,CBAO,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,61,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.8,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,24.6,9.1,1,savings,Orabank,1,0,540.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,378.87,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,14.1,1,current,FDH Bank,4,0,540.26,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,40.4,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.8,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,338.85,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,50.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.2,1.0,1,current,GTBank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,0.7,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,5147.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,17.6,9.9,1,fixed_deposit,National Bank,2,0,116.87,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.7,1,current,BCDC,3,0,667.51,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,student,2.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,32.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,34.6,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,56,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,16.6,5.2,1,current,NBC,3,0,2840.54,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,14.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,71.0,32.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,67.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.1,2.4,1,current,Coris Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,31.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,2.1,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,29.25,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,0.9,1,current,FBNBank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,41.2,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,1.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,2.5,0.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,314.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,35.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,none,student,3.3,20.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,12.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,56,55+,highest,none,unemployed,12.9,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.8,25.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,7.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,second,primary,student,1.3,0.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,2,0,323.63,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,59.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.6,2.5,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,225.37,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,9.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,14.9,1.6,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,590.51,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.3,0.3,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,13.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,student,3.0,1.1,1,current,Awash Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,1.6,1,current,GTBank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,student,0.4,2.3,1,current,Capitec,3,0,211.71,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,765.64,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,21.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,8.6,10.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,67.95,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,8.4,1,current,Nedbank,3,0,166.03,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.8,1,current,Orabank,3,0,644.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.0,1.4,1,current,CRDB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.3,7.2,1,current,Orabank,1,0,488.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,2.7,1,savings,FNB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,70,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.3,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,2.2,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,247.74,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,2,0,963.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,8.3,5.0,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,1,0,733.35,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.0,0.4,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,349.65,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,61,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.4,0.4,1,savings,BHS,2,0,2702.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,71,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,14.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.5,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,student,3.0,18.6,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,2989.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.1,12.5,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,1135.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,14.3,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,12.2,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.4,1.6,1,savings,Orabank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,506.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,8.0,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.5,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,second,none,student,10.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,14.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,24.0,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,1,0,428.15,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,18.8,1.5,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,1,0,2869.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,none,student,1.7,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,15.9,2.7,1,savings,Fidelity,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.3,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.1,15.1,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,255.16,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,current,GCB,1,0,156.19,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.3,13.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.1,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.3,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,4.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,74,55+,middle,primary,student,5.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,908.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,16.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,116.18,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.3,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.8,10.9,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,333.46,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.0,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,526.71,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.7,4.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,1,0,783.53,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,66,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,student,6.0,26.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.0,0.0,1,current,Absa,1,0,1169.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,49.3,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,409.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,0.7,1,current,KCB,4,0,463.19,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,23.9,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.0,2.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,979.15,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,student,9.3,28.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,4.0,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,401.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,843.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,none,student,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.1,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,48.0,12.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1975.56,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.5,9.3,1,salary_account,Centenary,3,0,1415.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,10.3,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,275.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,34.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,17.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,11.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.6,12.2,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,423.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,6.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,0.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,212.3,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,5.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,4.7,1.8,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,1654.82,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.4,1,savings,FNB,1,0,423.79,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,2.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,738.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,8.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,378.4,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,7.7,5.0,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,494.49,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.3,2.1,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,714.11,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,73,55+,second,none,student,1.8,0.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,418.94,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,1.7,0.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3532.38,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,20.6,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,70,55+,highest,secondary,student,2.8,7.6,1,salary_account,Fidelity,1,0,2017.27,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,unemployed,23.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,1.2,3.0,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,3189.16,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.2,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,6.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,670.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,60,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,3.0,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,18.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,24.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,student,0.1,14.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,1293.41,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.8,3.9,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,347.96,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,639.17,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,student,1.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,none,student,4.2,0.0,1,savings,CBAO,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,43.7,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,24.3,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,270.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,28.8,5.6,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,4770.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,16.6,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,26.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,18.0,7.1,1,savings,KCB,4,0,744.39,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,none,student,3.6,0.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,382.78,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,6.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,1862.66,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.2,1,current,Awash Bank,3,0,199.22,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,student,0.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,student,7.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,3.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,1.7,1,salary_account,KCB,4,0,964.49,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,student,3.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,21.5,2.7,1,savings,Sonibank,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.2,5.9,1,salary_account,BHS,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,19.0,27.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,1.2,2.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1206.02,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,8.8,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,3783.18,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,2.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,2.6,9.4,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,1425.22,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,42.2,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,39.9,1.5,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,1253.46,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,14.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,student,4.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,1.1,1,salary_account,NMB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,1.1,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,0.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.9,2.4,1,salary_account,BHS,1,0,1125.7,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,3.7,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.5,28.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,31.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,28.2,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,1.4,5.3,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,1,0,396.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,9.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,self_employed,14.2,0.2,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.9,6.6,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,2858.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,0.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.0,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,30.2,14.8,1,savings,FNB,3,0,437.66,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,12.5,1.0,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,2342.36,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.3,6.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,967.53,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,74,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.5,7.0,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,5517.71,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,3.9,27.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,7.8,5.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,952.78,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.5,1.7,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,1.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,40.0,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,4.1,0.3,1,salary_account,NMB,1,0,1016.45,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.3,1.5,1,savings,Access Bank,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,student,36.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.9,18.7,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,1904.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.7,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,66,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,16.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,15.1,9.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1048.66,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.2,0.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,242.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,5.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,4.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.9,1,current,GTBank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Access Bank,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,student,4.9,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,11.9,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,36.6,2.0,1,savings,Absa,4,0,746.25,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,448.77,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.7,1,savings,Equity BCDC,2,0,1101.37,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,student,2.4,9.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,505.64,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,2.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2916.81,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,73,55+,second,primary,student,4.9,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,11.3,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,student,8.0,3.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,374.07,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,student,2.2,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.1,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,633.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,5.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,5.1,26.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,348.85,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.6,25.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,73.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,4.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,16.1,8.2,1,savings,Absa,3,0,239.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,5.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,21.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,4.4,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,I&M Bank,3,0,175.47,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.4,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.5,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.6,10.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,316.27,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,student,0.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,44.3,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,17.3,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,6.0,15.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,582.93,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,23.9,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,second,primary,student,4.0,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,512.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,student,0.3,0.5,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,649.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,38.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,16.7,9.8,1,current,Absa,4,0,791.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,18.0,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,self_employed,3.5,0.0,1,current,BCI,4,0,1264.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,student,8.9,17.5,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,0.6,1,savings,Orabank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,7.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,4.1,3.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,916.44,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,19.2,14.3,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,555.95,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,23.9,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,5.3,3.0,1,current,BAK,4,0,2037.87,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,24.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.3,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,29.9,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.9,10.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,602.06,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,0.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,965.36,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,58,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,14.8,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,1.1,3.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,849.68,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,second,none,unemployed,16.3,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,27.1,3.3,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,473.56,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,43.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,25.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,59,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,73,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,5.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,58,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,5.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,10.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,9.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,8.7,18.9,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,415.78,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,45.5,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,0.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,46.7,1.4,1,current,NMB,1,0,187.88,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.7,2.2,1,savings,NMB,1,0,891.18,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.7,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,29.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,14.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,12.0,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,22.9,10.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,49.7,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,student,7.1,9.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,11.1,0.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,320.92,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.4,1,current,NCBA,0,19,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,23.8,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,14.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,4.0,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,3,0,842.85,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,0.1,0.2,1,savings,First Bank,3,0,685.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,second,tertiary,student,6.0,3.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,2.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,571.94,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,student,0.6,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,2,0,104.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,1,0,647.27,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,72,55+,second,none,self_employed,9.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.8,22.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,13.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,11.4,6.9,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,865.25,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,166.97,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,45.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,2.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,2921.26,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,0.4,0.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,1427.36,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.9,0.5,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,8686.91,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,8.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,195.69,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,67,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,79.7,2.1,1,savings,Capitec,4,0,316.93,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,0.6,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,2,0,135.72,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,3.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.7,21.5,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,81.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.0,0.1,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,2699.27,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.7,3.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,539.8,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,10.1,0.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,894.25,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,17.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,4.9,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,3.9,8.5,1,salary_account,Capitec,3,0,668.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,none,student,0.1,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.3,1.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,441.4,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.1,1.9,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,84.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,6.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,10.2,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,8.5,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,68.8,18.8,1,current,UBA,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.4,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,17.1,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,11.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,33.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,8.6,3.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1831.78,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,5.9,16.5,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,209.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.9,0.6,1,savings,Sonibank,4,0,210.36,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.2,8.9,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,156.92,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.3,1,savings,National Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,0.7,0.1,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,593.82,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,30.5,5.4,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,628.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,66.3,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.8,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,7.5,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,504.65,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.1,0.7,1,savings,National Bank,4,0,1171.39,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,2.4,1,current,CBAO,2,0,152.88,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.9,1,current,BMCD,2,0,272.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,420.7,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,4.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,5.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.0,3.9,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,75.15,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,10.7,1.4,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,3989.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,5.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.5,3.6,1,savings,NMB,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,28.5,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.1,5.3,1,savings,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,33.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,student,7.0,6.6,1,savings,GCB,1,0,123.15,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,6.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,62,55+,highest,none,self_employed,3.4,9.8,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,1072.69,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,primary,student,20.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,3.6,1,salary_account,GTBank,1,0,370.9,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,1.0,1,current,NCBA,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,6.3,3.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,3591.62,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,11.1,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,4.9,9.6,1,savings,BAK,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1899.43,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.4,0.8,1,current,DFCU,2,0,896.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,7.2,28.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,second,none,unemployed,7.7,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,56,55+,highest,none,unemployed,6.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,22.2,14.9,1,salary_account,BHS,4,0,2551.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,6.1,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,756.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,7.7,12.4,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,2048.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,4.1,12.5,1,savings,GCB,1,0,239.31,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.0,12.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,3,0,782.16,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.7,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,1859.07,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,student,3.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.8,0.1,1,savings,FDH Bank,4,0,794.21,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.3,4.3,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,4,0,518.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,19.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,10.2,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,14.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.9,5.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,276.84,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,17.2,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,0.0,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,1,0,516.47,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,3.4,0.7,1,savings,Rawbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,394.55,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,student,3.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,0.2,0.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,419.97,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.4,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.4,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,538.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,71,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,35.3,21.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,27.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.6,3.9,1,current,Equity BCDC,1,0,1374.39,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.8,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.5,8.9,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,671.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.8,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,3.5,2.0,1,current,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.2,1,savings,KCB,0,6,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.6,0.8,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,800.56,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,90.4,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,second,none,student,7.1,6.9,1,salary_account,BAK,1,0,280.74,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,17.5,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.6,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.9,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,second,none,unemployed,1.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,0.6,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,1017.07,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,18.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,3.3,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.4,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,719.58,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.2,3.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,2286.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,30.9,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,2.7,21.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,363.34,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.5,9.1,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,4,0,612.6,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.9,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1649.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.5,2.3,1,savings,NMB,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.4,3.0,1,salary_account,CRDB,4,0,775.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,6.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,2.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,5850.03,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.8,10.7,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,527.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,25.6,3.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,105.8,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,2.5,1.6,1,salary_account,Centenary,4,0,3903.68,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.2,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,72,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,1,savings,BCI,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,51.0,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,345.02,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,16.1,6.3,1,current,NBS Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,3.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,282.43,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.8,0.3,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,882.66,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,56,55+,highest,none,unemployed,1.1,0.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.9,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,0.6,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,392.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,477.43,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,12.8,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,422.87,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,5.0,1,savings,Orabank,4,0,115.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.2,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1370.92,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,0.2,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,3679.27,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,9.8,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,1,current,FNB,2,0,192.89,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,26.0,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,12.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.8,3.4,1,salary_account,UBA,0,2,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,second,none,self_employed,22.5,23.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.8,30.6,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,925.78,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,9.0,1,current,GCB,4,0,1231.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,savings,UBA,2,0,801.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,37.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,20.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.8,9.3,1,current,Equity BCDC,1,0,211.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,28.1,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,67,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,2.0,2.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,151.91,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,16.6,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,661.06,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.7,6.8,1,current,Absa,1,0,72.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,18.9,9.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,114.26,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,34.3,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,0.7,1,salary_account,GTBank,1,0,119.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,5.3,0.0,1,salary_account,Centenary,1,0,239.02,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,2.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,30.8,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.1,29.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,8.6,44.8,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,6929.73,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,18.5,2.8,1,savings,UBA,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,7.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,student,1.0,1.6,1,current,NBC,2,0,602.38,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,36.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,33.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,7.8,2.1,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,1696.05,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,163.45,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.7,1.4,1,current,GCB,1,0,2403.64,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,126.61,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,1.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,5773.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,57,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,student,0.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,0.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.6,8.5,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,2.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1837.46,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,9.1,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.2,31.4,1,current,Rawbank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,39,35-44,second,none,student,9.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.8,7.3,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,770.83,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,19.3,1.3,1,current,Cooperative Bank,3,0,712.07,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,15.5,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,1634.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,19.2,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,2.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,48.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,student,18.7,3.0,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,227.21,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,second,none,self_employed,34.9,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,6.7,11.0,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,8.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,23.7,8.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,409.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,0.8,1,current,FDH Bank,4,0,196.32,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,36.9,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,7.1,1.0,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,1135.06,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,3.4,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,6884.81,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,28.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,2.2,1,savings,Absa,1,0,421.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,3.1,1,savings,FBNBank,4,0,197.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.3,1.8,1,current,National Bank,2,0,213.98,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,71,55+,middle,none,self_employed,7.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,student,0.1,0.3,1,savings,BCI,1,0,479.08,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,20.7,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,117.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,student,25.9,7.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,17.2,30.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,32.9,2.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,174.98,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,3.4,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,CRDB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.6,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,381.3,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.6,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,0.2,1.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,35.5,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.2,4.7,1,savings,NBC,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.7,1.1,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,5286.88,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,4.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,8.0,10.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,16.0,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,40.4,4.8,1,current,Fidelity,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.6,11.7,1,savings,KCB,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.3,2.0,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,2389.25,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,3.6,11.7,1,current,First Bank,2,0,428.83,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,student,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,10.8,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,118.62,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,21.9,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,106.81,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,7.5,9.5,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,151.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,67,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,22.7,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,student,40.6,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,20.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,1.6,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,575.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.0,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,1.7,0.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,111.57,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.3,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,35.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,23.8,2.4,1,salary_account,Access Bank,3,0,656.57,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,21.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,4.3,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,17.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,14.6,1.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,239.71,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.5,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,7.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,9.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,unemployed,2.1,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,45.0,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,7.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,42.9,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,0.3,5.6,1,salary_account,Absa,4,0,165.52,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,5.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.9,3.6,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,327.01,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,3.9,33.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.1,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.0,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,63,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.8,1.6,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,262.21,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.8,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,63.46,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,1.5,5.1,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,2555.41,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.6,7.0,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,325.56,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,8.9,36.2,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,894.58,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,30.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,24.9,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,6.3,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,3.2,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,2059.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,1.8,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,0.7,1,savings,BDM,4,0,465.68,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,22.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.4,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,unemployed,25.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,10.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,790.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,19.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,5.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,student,20.6,6.8,1,savings,FNB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,student,1.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.6,0.1,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,661.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,25.4,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,679.86,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,6.8,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,540.61,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,student,12.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.0,0.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,2028.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,13.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,16.8,13.4,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,1,0,753.04,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,18.7,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.5,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,student,1.9,0.2,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,749.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1716.12,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.9,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.7,1.4,1,salary_account,Access Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,189.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,2.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,1.5,1,savings,Rawbank,0,24,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,14.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,70,55+,highest,primary,student,25.5,6.3,1,salary_account,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,35.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,20.6,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,36.0,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,23.3,4.9,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,204.92,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.1,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,885.07,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,34.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,26.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,60,55+,second,tertiary,student,12.6,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,student,0.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,22.6,1.2,1,savings,First Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,25.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,student,15.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,19.8,25.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.3,15.9,1,savings,FNB,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,74,55+,highest,none,self_employed,0.6,3.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,3216.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.1,1.2,1,savings,BCI,2,0,791.64,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,20.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,3.3,1,savings,BCI,2,0,80.58,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.0,0.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,181.06,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,17.4,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,30.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,56.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,27.5,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,21.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,8.5,2.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1652.37,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,student,26.3,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.7,5.2,1,salary_account,KCB,2,0,424.87,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,4.0,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,495.89,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,9.7,1,current,Equity BCDC,2,0,346.39,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,6.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.7,2.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,67,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,8.4,1,salary_account,BCDC,2,0,1891.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,3.6,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,213.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.0,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,3.0,1,savings,BDM,1,0,204.3,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.1,21.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.7,0.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,535.7,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,second,none,self_employed,3.4,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,0.8,1,salary_account,BMCD,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,1.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.8,15.9,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,52.06,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,second,primary,student,10.8,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,21.0,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,3475.21,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,26.9,12.1,1,current,Coris Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,9.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,311.69,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,employed_formal,27.2,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.3,2.6,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,2549.67,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.0,7.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,17.1,1.2,1,savings,BHS,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,35.1,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.9,7.4,1,salary_account,BHS,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,5.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,59,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,11.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.4,0.2,1,current,GTBank,3,0,6471.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,37.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,25.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.9,24.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,76.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,0.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,8.9,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,12.3,0.1,1,current,NBC,4,0,1531.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,1,savings,Absa,3,0,248.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,33.5,4.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,349.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.4,1.5,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,5,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,unemployed,19.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,29.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,1.1,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,3,0,1984.65,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,15.7,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,13.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,3.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,14.7,22.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,130.2,4.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,64.5,3.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,493.31,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,72,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,6.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,624.52,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,student,1.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,4.9,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,265.11,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,36.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,14.8,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.5,1.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,921.54,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.0,1.5,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,150.57,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.2,4.8,1,current,First Bank,2,0,258.28,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,2.4,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,2024.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,none,student,1.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,11.8,2.4,1,current,Fidelity,4,0,367.88,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,62,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.1,2.2,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1893.84,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,4.0,0.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,1127.71,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.4,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.3,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,9.8,24.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,12.7,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.3,23.3,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,3,0,558.33,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,6.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,172.16,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.6,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,193.77,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.8,3.8,1,current,Capitec,1,0,800.42,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.1,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,620.28,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,4.2,0.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,692.31,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,70.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,2.0,1,savings,Absa,4,0,264.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,72.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,28.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.8,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,1948.05,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,11.4,36.6,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,211.28,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,4.7,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,3579.6,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,1.5,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,1,0,1014.65,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,28.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.0,1,savings,FNB,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.4,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,26.1,5.7,1,savings,Access Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.1,4.4,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,257.83,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,41.4,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,81.0,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,1.8,5.1,1,savings,FBNBank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,student,7.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,7.4,7.4,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,1888.11,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.3,1,savings,BCDC,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,2.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.5,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,723.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,3.1,1,current,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,16.3,2.0,1,savings,Capitec,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,4.2,4.1,1,current,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.0,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,58,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.4,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,1246.78,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,14.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.3,0.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,4,0,1839.94,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,60,55+,highest,none,unemployed,2.0,38.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,student,15.4,8.6,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,13.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,10.2,0.3,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,215.06,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,unemployed,5.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,second,none,unemployed,31.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.8,2.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,2149.41,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,4.2,1.7,1,savings,Société Générale,3,0,2031.85,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,5.1,6.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1666.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,second,none,unemployed,25.2,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.8,9.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,1083.38,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,47.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.4,4.1,1,current,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,1.1,0.6,1,current,NBC,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,21.7,22.4,1,current,GTBank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.1,0.7,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,1739.01,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,7.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,57,55+,second,none,self_employed,31.0,20.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.8,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,11.7,1,current,UBA,2,0,318.73,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,65,55+,middle,none,unemployed,41.9,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.4,2.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,3,0,206.12,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.9,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,2,0,1639.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.7,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,19.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,9.4,1.3,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,137.4,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,56,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.6,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,student,4.3,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,31.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,56.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,11.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,student,0.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,5.0,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,12.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,3.6,12.9,1,current,Zanaco,3,0,608.41,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,14.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.2,14.8,1,salary_account,NBC,4,0,130.32,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.5,2.6,1,current,Capitec,1,0,519.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,167.58,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,14.5,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,13.7,0.2,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,3,0,173.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,49.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,16.2,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.1,0.6,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,1691.9,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.7,0.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,46.8,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,17.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,student,2.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,15.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,509.21,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,second,tertiary,student,2.3,24.6,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,647.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,35.9,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,21.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.3,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.8,0.8,1,salary_account,UBA,2,0,567.66,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,18.9,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,20.4,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.8,3.6,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.5,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,2,0,183.75,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,4.8,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,29.3,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,452.8,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,10.2,6.9,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,1761.99,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.5,14.9,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,120.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.3,1.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,612.95,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,3.7,1,current,Rawbank,1,0,2691.24,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,515.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,second,none,unemployed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,0.9,1.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,1445.63,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,30.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,0.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,22.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,2.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.3,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,249.22,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.2,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,460.04,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,12.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,student,3.0,3.3,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,61.15,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,16.4,5.7,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,3,0,254.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,12.4,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,453.68,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.8,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,1,0,996.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.9,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,201.91,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,23.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,17.3,9.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,844.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1496.79,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,64,55+,second,none,unemployed,35.0,22.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,0.3,1,salary_account,DFCU,4,0,3213.76,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,8.0,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,622.45,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.4,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,7095.1,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.3,1,savings,GCB,3,0,422.22,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,second,none,student,10.1,42.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,6.2,9.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,250.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,12.3,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,20.7,20.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,38.3,13.1,1,savings,BHS,1,0,1592.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,19.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,9.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,1.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,2.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,685.12,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,5.7,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,1561.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,0.1,5.0,1,savings,NMB,2,0,1411.21,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,15.9,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,1.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.8,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,2760.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,13.8,9.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1733.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,26.0,6.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,19.1,5.9,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,729.52,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,18.6,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,69,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.4,0.2,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,3582.5,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,17.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.2,28.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,2.0,1,salary_account,Fidelity,1,0,309.59,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,25.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,5.4,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,6.5,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,260.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.3,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,327.28,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,7.1,0.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,245.71,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,student,7.7,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.6,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,student,3.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.2,8.9,1,current,Absa,2,0,3086.94,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,4.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,0.6,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.2,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,1389.73,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,1.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,207.43,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.6,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,657.56,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.6,0.0,1,savings,BCDC,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,9.3,1,savings,BAK,3,0,1238.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,23.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,9.3,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,314.29,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,56,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,0.3,1,current,National Bank,2,0,844.67,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.9,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.0,10.5,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,33.06,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,16.3,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,635.79,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.4,3.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,6363.79,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.4,8.8,1,current,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,63.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.6,1.7,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,368.48,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,32.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,primary,student,9.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,38.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.4,0.3,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,902.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,0.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,1.3,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,4.1,1.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,2428.36,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,9.7,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,2519.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,1.1,1,current,GCB,2,0,596.59,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.5,0.9,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,363.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.5,12.2,1,savings,GCB,2,0,231.11,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,6.7,0.7,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,293.64,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.9,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,58,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.4,5.1,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,3,0,647.24,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,10.5,1.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,240.38,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,none,student,10.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,31.5,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.9,0.6,1,current,Awash Bank,3,0,883.71,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,none,student,0.4,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,16.3,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,30.2,3.6,1,savings,NMB,2,0,843.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,12.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,25.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,second,primary,student,11.0,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,39,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.7,1.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,127.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,1.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,12.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,secondary,student,38.4,3.0,1,current,Moza Banco,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,14.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.7,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,5.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,3389.15,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,0.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,21.5,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.9,1,salary_account,UBA,3,0,1788.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,16.0,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.7,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,1.2,5.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,207.65,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,28.4,1.7,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,314.12,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,22.7,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,3.8,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,17.9,1.5,1,savings,NMB,2,0,370.84,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.8,2.9,1,current,KCB,1,0,211.42,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,student,22.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,21.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.2,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,4.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,8.4,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,26.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,1.1,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,264.39,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,5.1,1,current,Orabank,3,0,1320.39,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,61,55+,highest,none,self_employed,23.7,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,student,4.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,2.0,0.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,224.06,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.5,1.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,16.7,6.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,388.59,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,middle,none,unemployed,11.0,2.6,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,138.68,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,2.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.2,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,18.0,10.2,1,current,KCB,2,0,1778.66,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,none,student,0.8,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,67,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,2.6,0.5,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,310.34,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,12.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,none,student,1.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.8,1.6,1,salary_account,KCB,2,0,747.13,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,26.6,1,current,Fidelity,3,0,183.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,11.5,33.0,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,2,0,438.18,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,5.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,8.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,401.49,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,8.0,5.4,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,7308.56,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,10.0,11.8,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,3,0,288.61,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,4.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,88.47,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,63,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,5.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,57,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,24.8,12.7,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,688.58,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,10.6,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.3,1.7,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,2553.66,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,12.3,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,11.3,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,528.22,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.2,2.0,1,savings,NCBA,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,68,55+,highest,primary,student,3.2,5.5,1,savings,Sonibank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Fidelity,1,0,1318.73,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,58,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,1850.98,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.3,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.0,10.6,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,241.6,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,1.6,1,savings,CBAO,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,2.5,0.5,1,salary_account,BCDC,3,0,257.62,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,419.37,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.2,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,260.46,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,23.8,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,6.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,5.2,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,285.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,36.0,30.7,1,current,Capitec,2,0,162.58,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,73,55+,second,tertiary,student,13.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,0.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,10.3,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,112.87,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,19.0,0.9,1,current,Capitec,1,0,663.39,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,none,student,2.6,9.8,1,current,NMB,2,0,295.4,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,68,55+,second,primary,unemployed,8.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,3.0,3.9,1,savings,Absa,2,0,381.49,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,9.5,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.7,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,335.06,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,8.1,1.2,1,current,GTBank,1,0,2231.74,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,10.2,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,8.2,1,current,Capitec,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,student,2.2,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,student,4.3,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,58,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.3,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,507.32,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.3,1.7,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,423.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,20.5,4.9,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,3,0,102.24,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.8,8.1,1,savings,BAK,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,46.4,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,25.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,0.6,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,119.93,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.2,1.5,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,595.17,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,student,1.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,27.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.8,2.7,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,717.4,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,0.5,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,121.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,6.5,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,616.57,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,0.9,0.9,1,savings,Centenary,3,0,1926.5,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,2.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,7.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,16.3,6.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,330.26,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,0.1,1,current,Sonibank,4,0,1884.96,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,70,55+,highest,secondary,student,18.9,2.9,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,5115.51,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,9.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,367.42,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,16.1,32.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,335.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,3.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,277.11,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,11.6,33.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,student,0.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.7,21.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.0,1,savings,NMB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.9,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,27.8,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,4.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,15.3,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,69,55+,highest,none,student,2.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,0.5,0.4,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,1541.76,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,6.9,11.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.8,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,1680.55,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,58,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.3,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,0.6,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,91.27,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.7,3.2,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,31.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,10.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,24.6,1.6,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,2592.27,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,15.8,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,student,2.7,0.8,1,savings,KCB,1,0,648.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.8,1,current,Capitec,3,0,178.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,2.5,1.5,1,savings,BDM,3,0,890.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,3.0,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,3.0,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1666.92,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,517.54,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,16.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,3.0,4.0,1,current,GCB,2,0,786.29,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,8.0,69.5,1,salary_account,BHS,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,15.8,1,savings,NCBA,4,0,182.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,12.0,10.7,1,savings,First National Bank,4,0,2571.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,13.8,0.6,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1924.33,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,11.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,none,student,29.4,3.0,1,savings,Nedbank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,0.9,1.6,1,savings,National Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.4,1.1,1,savings,Zanaco,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,student,0.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,4.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,6902.09,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.0,46.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,244.43,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,3.9,1,savings,BCDC,3,0,197.61,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,1.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.6,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,3.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,5.0,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,993.69,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,none,student,2.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,72,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.3,1,savings,BAK,1,0,3020.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,12.0,27.2,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,2413.81,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,14.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,2.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,230.93,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,24.8,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.7,1.2,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,10.6,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,395.65,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,74,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,15.7,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.0,3.7,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,186.71,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,189.52,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.3,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.5,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,23.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,0.9,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,student,9.9,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,28.7,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,3990.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,26.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.9,0.2,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,733.3,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.4,1.2,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,563.81,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.3,1.4,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,146.22,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.2,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.7,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,21.3,15.2,1,current,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,11.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.2,1,savings,First Bank,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,20.8,1.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,879.93,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,42.1,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.5,0.8,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,39.27,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,22.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,0.5,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,1168.48,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.2,2.4,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,1719.04,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,26.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Capitec,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,second,none,self_employed,16.3,0.9,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,141.44,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.7,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.2,21.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,68,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,student,1.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.0,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,student,1.5,0.9,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1060.17,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.7,1.6,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,0.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,21.4,8.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,366.01,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.0,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,2945.35,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.6,0.5,1,current,BDM,3,0,511.34,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,11.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,second,tertiary,student,2.6,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,316.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,23.7,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,second,primary,student,2.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,2.8,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,341.22,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.0,16.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,0.3,25.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,self_employed,21.2,2.2,1,savings,GCB,1,0,210.64,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,18,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,1.2,1.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,916.38,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.5,70.8,1,current,Rawbank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,27.4,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.0,1,savings,Absa,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,student,8.8,0.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,569.92,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,68,55+,second,primary,unemployed,23.9,34.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,14.8,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,1.0,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,259.02,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,8.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,62,55+,second,none,employed_informal,10.8,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,8.1,1.9,1,salary_account,Fidelity,2,0,566.84,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,0.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,secondary,student,3.8,0.1,1,current,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,35.4,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,22.1,1.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,11.9,21.6,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1278.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,25.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,52.9,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,10.9,28.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,1.5,1,savings,BCDC,3,0,671.45,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,42.4,21.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,440.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,1.0,4.4,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,1148.92,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,60,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,151.51,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,26.6,33.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,student,8.5,0.0,1,current,Société Générale,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.2,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,604.45,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,16.0,6.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,10.3,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.9,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1170.01,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,1.6,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,289.63,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,1.2,3.2,1,savings,Absa,1,0,3151.81,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,1.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,10.8,1.8,1,savings,BCI,4,0,945.79,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,41.8,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,7.0,8.9,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,585.1,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,22.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.8,1,current,First Bank,2,0,1468.83,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.8,1,current,FNB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,43.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,17.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,12.1,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,9.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,0.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.2,0.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1730.72,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,30.6,5.3,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,11847.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,1.1,1.0,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,3005.56,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.8,0.9,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,3210.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,37.2,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,18.9,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,1190.23,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,950.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,20.9,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,32.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,11.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,3,0,545.9,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.1,5.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,212.25,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,14.0,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,0.7,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,7848.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1760.84,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,23.2,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,1.9,1,savings,Zanaco,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,21.5,2.4,1,current,FNB,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,2,0,1054.06,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,72.0,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,none,student,3.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,65,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,19.9,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,70.4,3.2,1,savings,National Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,unemployed,10.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,15.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,1215.58,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,student,8.4,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,36.4,16.3,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,398.83,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,56,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,42.5,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,36.6,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,58,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.2,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,354.54,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.7,4.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,26.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,32.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,12.7,1.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,55.83,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,42.0,4.2,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1850.3,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,3.5,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.3,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,21.1,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,14.7,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,0.0,1,savings,First National Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,16.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,63.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,40.2,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,none,student,37.2,0.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,733.45,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,57,55+,second,secondary,student,2.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.0,11.9,1,current,Zanaco,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.6,1.1,1,current,GCB,2,0,359.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,20.9,10.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,61,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,29.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,25.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,59,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,0.8,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,3183.47,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,3.9,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,694.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,12.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.3,5.3,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,454.67,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,student,26.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,9.3,1.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,724.11,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,2.7,1,savings,Orabank,1,0,162.98,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,13.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,22.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,7.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,0.9,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,359.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.7,13.8,1,current,NBC,4,0,564.17,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,4519.29,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,34.8,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,2.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,62.5,20.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,69,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,31.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,2.0,0.8,1,current,Millennium BIM,4,0,2306.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,69,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,12.9,8.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,663.39,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,none,student,2.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,16.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.1,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,36.3,16.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,student,37.6,20.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.5,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,student,3.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,4.1,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,1,current,Absa,2,0,206.66,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,7.9,3.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,261.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,3.2,7.3,1,savings,KCB,1,0,2377.38,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,57,55+,highest,none,unemployed,7.6,2.6,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,2336.18,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.6,4.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1186.35,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,6.9,2.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,244.47,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,second,none,unemployed,0.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,22.3,1,savings,Capitec,4,0,250.57,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,21.3,1.4,1,current,BHS,2,0,355.91,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,0.5,1.4,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,3971.86,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.4,0.3,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,302.18,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,6.8,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,13.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.4,6.9,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,2194.1,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,student,4.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,10.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,37.8,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,67.8,2.9,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,486.73,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.6,15.2,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,2967.5,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,27.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,56.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,12.4,27.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,70,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,30.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.9,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,16.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.2,0.7,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,171.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.1,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,341.13,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,4.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,23.7,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,second,primary,student,6.5,2.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,214.07,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.8,1,savings,Sonibank,4,0,311.62,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,253.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.3,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,43.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.7,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,153.54,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.6,9.2,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,28.4,38.4,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,445.12,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.4,3.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,79.42,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.6,0.1,1,current,NBS Bank,1,0,1037.31,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,10.8,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,22.2,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,17.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,26.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.2,4.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,314.92,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.0,2.9,1,current,Fidelity,4,0,1155.69,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.3,8.8,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,1,0,5928.45,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,7.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,student,23.3,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,31.9,19.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,106.82,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,26.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.8,2.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,student,0.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.3,9.1,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,1,0,66.71,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.3,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,120.24,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.7,1.7,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,248.66,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,77.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,43.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,6.1,0.0,1,current,Ecobank,4,0,771.71,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.6,9.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1731.62,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,5.9,0.5,1,current,Capitec,2,0,1669.34,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,tertiary,student,4.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,5.5,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,70,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,17.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,17.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,11.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.7,0.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,5196.27,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,963.23,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,8.3,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,15.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.8,0.6,1,savings,BHS,1,0,848.05,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,3.2,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,175.24,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,35.5,15.5,1,savings,BHS,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,13.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,10.3,0.1,1,current,Equity BCDC,1,0,2632.27,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,792.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.5,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,14.4,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,3,0,180.43,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.4,3.1,1,salary_account,UBA,4,0,778.8,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,19.9,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,6.3,1.7,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,461.49,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,2.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,140.06,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.8,1,savings,BDM,1,0,433.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,employed_formal,35.7,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,10.5,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,38.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.6,0.8,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,940.66,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.6,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,1025.7,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,8.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.2,7.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,159.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,8.2,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,12.9,1.2,1,savings,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,317.01,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,student,10.5,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,8.7,1.5,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,200.82,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,11.6,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,35.0,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,current,DFCU,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,19.2,19.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.8,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2523.8,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.7,1.0,1,current,NCBA,1,0,566.48,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,17.6,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,72,55+,fourth,secondary,student,9.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,2.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,0.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,student,1.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,5.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,50.4,33.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,0.7,2.9,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,771.77,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,29,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,2.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,student,17.7,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,17.4,52.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,367.97,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.6,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,student,23.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,student,8.6,0.4,1,salary_account,GCB,1,0,270.62,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,22.9,10.9,1,current,BDM,1,0,356.78,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,second,none,unemployed,0.9,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,201.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,34.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.6,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,23.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,2.3,20.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,873.89,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,24.3,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,15.5,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,696.92,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,9.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.8,10.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,431.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,21.2,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,98.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.5,7.1,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,7.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,32.6,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.5,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,176.84,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,62,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,4.8,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.4,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.3,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.2,9.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,student,4.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.7,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,0.5,0.5,1,current,Absa,2,0,409.83,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.9,3.4,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,149.33,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,second,none,self_employed,4.4,0.4,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,489.46,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.8,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,18.0,5.4,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,403.75,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,3.5,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,14.1,4.4,1,salary_account,NMB,3,0,909.73,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,0.8,1,savings,Access Bank,4,0,1570.05,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,1549.07,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,20.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,1.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.9,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.3,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.2,2.5,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,42.2,18.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,26.0,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,19.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,25.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,17.5,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.0,14.0,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,1048.74,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,19.2,7.8,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,2,0,600.3,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.6,28.0,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,552.99,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.1,30.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,28.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,16.2,19.2,1,current,I&M Bank,3,0,685.2,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.7,9.9,1,savings,BHS,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,18.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,29.4,15.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,870.76,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.4,5.7,1,savings,BDM,1,0,182.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,554.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,10.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,student,7.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,11.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.3,7.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,351.25,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.4,10.3,1,savings,NMB,1,0,1810.49,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.0,1.0,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,934.63,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.7,8.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,student,1.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,3.8,2.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,48.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,9.7,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,60,55+,second,none,student,0.2,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,518.83,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,10.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.5,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,157.17,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,62,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,0.1,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,3676.32,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.3,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,36.4,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.2,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,125.62,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,25.6,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.2,1.5,1,salary_account,FNB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,5.2,0.1,1,savings,NMB,1,0,736.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.9,7.1,1,current,FBNBank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,58,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,25.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,student,1.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,1.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,26.0,0.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,2537.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,18.5,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,25.6,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.8,11.3,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,407.33,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,62,55+,second,tertiary,student,38.4,21.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.1,3.8,1,current,GTBank,3,0,662.5,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,33.6,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.4,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,0.6,19.4,1,salary_account,NMB,2,0,2568.99,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,1.4,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,4.1,0.9,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,226.95,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,13.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,student,2.7,3.1,1,current,BHS,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,7.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,72,55+,highest,none,unemployed,78.1,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,4.4,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.0,0.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,143.94,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.4,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,24.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,1.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,54.7,1.1,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,5.6,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,14.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.4,3.2,1,salary_account,BCI,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,student,1.6,8.0,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,6,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,28.6,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,4.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,1066.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,60,55+,second,none,self_employed,7.0,2.6,1,current,CBAO,1,0,166.62,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,66,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.5,2.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,190.37,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,72,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,second,primary,student,23.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,second,none,self_employed,7.6,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.2,0.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,3,0,33.98,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,13.4,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,1.9,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,732.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.3,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,690.27,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,5.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.3,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,50.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,48.6,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.2,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,70,55+,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.0,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,217.34,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,36.1,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,0.5,0.9,1,savings,KCB,2,0,6759.43,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,14.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,68,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,0.1,1,salary_account,Société Générale,2,0,451.05,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,111.59,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,14.5,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,319.05,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,15.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,69,55+,middle,tertiary,student,4.8,1.5,1,current,CBAO,2,0,416.82,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,63,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.5,6.0,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,2,0,258.84,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,7.2,9.0,1,savings,BMCD,4,0,243.88,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,8.9,0.8,1,current,NMB,2,0,1119.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,15.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,1018.6,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,6.1,9.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,9.2,7.6,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,1,0,565.75,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.1,1,salary_account,NMB,2,0,734.54,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.7,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,28.2,2.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,730.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.5,1.2,1,savings,UBA,1,0,552.31,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,7.2,1,current,Orabank,4,0,897.59,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,29.5,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,2.2,1,savings,Capitec,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,18.0,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.9,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,65,55+,second,none,student,5.6,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.0,25.5,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,3301.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,12.5,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,71,55+,second,none,student,9.6,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,34.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.7,1.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,979.67,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.2,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,68,55+,second,none,employed_formal,4.5,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,none,student,7.6,15.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,1.8,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,93.91,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.2,1.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,3109.92,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,2.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,289.02,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.3,0.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,5214.52,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.8,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,2.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,student,17.4,30.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,1.8,1.9,1,current,GCB,3,0,3779.34,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,8.1,1.7,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,3,0,605.85,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.0,1.1,1,savings,BDM,1,0,1060.3,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,18.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,11.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.7,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,1,0,1084.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,63,55+,highest,none,self_employed,6.7,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,3.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,52.8,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,9.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,second,primary,student,1.0,4.0,1,savings,GCB,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,16.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.4,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,13.4,0.5,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,398.14,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,8.0,10.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,2093.13,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,21.0,3.9,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,10275.66,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,17.1,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,32.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,student,2.4,2.3,1,savings,BAK,3,0,1364.9,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,3.7,1,savings,GCB,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.9,25.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,student,0.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.3,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,22.6,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,18.2,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,47,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,6.6,1.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,461.9,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,25.3,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,176.76,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.7,0.6,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,1354.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,0.4,2.4,1,current,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,student,33.5,1.3,1,current,Access Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.6,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.3,15.7,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,56,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,23.1,2.8,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.4,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,14.3,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,28.8,7.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1155.7,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.8,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,141.97,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.9,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,6.4,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,6248.64,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,0.7,1,savings,NBC,3,0,484.48,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,1.9,1,savings,BHS,1,0,55.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,second,none,self_employed,1.7,0.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,12.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.3,3.5,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,191.11,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,42.8,6.7,1,savings,Zenith Bank,3,0,3692.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,3.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,664.79,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,1,current,Centenary,1,0,301.67,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,8.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,9.1,5.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,806.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,1609.17,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,self_employed,11.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,51,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,18.7,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.6,1,savings,Moza Banco,4,0,735.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.3,1,current,Zenith Bank,3,0,3806.68,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,66,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,3.6,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1443.52,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,33.9,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,11.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,2.7,1,savings,BAK,1,0,1275.57,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,60,55+,middle,none,self_employed,11.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.1,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.9,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,2.0,1,current,Nedbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,8.0,21.4,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,1478.38,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,18.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,16.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1842.23,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,student,2.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,4.3,4.5,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,6.4,9.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1564.46,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,40.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,2.0,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,1800.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,13.2,1,savings,BCI,2,0,880.93,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.2,3.2,1,savings,KCB,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,41.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,12.8,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.4,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,16.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.3,14.2,1,savings,Capitec,4,0,2213.36,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.5,2.3,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,195.63,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,3.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,2.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.2,12.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,24.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,37.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,2.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,47.2,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,21.6,8.2,1,current,GCB,2,0,637.4,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,none,student,0.8,0.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,1976.88,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.1,21.4,1,savings,BHS,3,0,3113.58,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,44.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,7.3,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,13.8,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,28.2,23.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,12.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,student,5.4,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.2,10.1,1,current,CRDB,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,10.8,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.7,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,9.5,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1416.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,39.3,20.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,11.4,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,71,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.7,1,current,BDM,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.5,2.2,1,salary_account,NBC,3,0,332.02,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,57,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,3.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,2091.79,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,30.6,28.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.1,2.9,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,518.06,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.8,5.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,62.73,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.5,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,1330.54,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,13.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,3408.08,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.3,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,2,0,267.77,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,16.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,7.7,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,27.0,2.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.7,0.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1026.05,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,0.8,0.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,1317.96,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,14.4,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,374.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,18.1,4.3,1,current,BAK,1,0,2649.93,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.0,1,current,First Bank,1,0,1487.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,15.1,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,20.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,62,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,1.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,19.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.1,11.6,1,savings,Centenary,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.3,15.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,884.37,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.6,2.7,1,savings,KCB,2,0,195.61,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,21.0,25.4,1,current,Orabank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.8,0.5,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,527.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.4,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.0,1,savings,GCB,2,0,336.99,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.1,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,538.13,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,9.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,57,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,15.6,30.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.2,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.0,0.3,1,current,Société Générale,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,second,tertiary,student,3.9,0.5,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,191.37,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,41.1,0.9,1,current,First Bank,1,0,604.68,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.3,0.9,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,8.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,64,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,35.5,3.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,12.3,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.1,31.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,0.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,5.5,12.5,1,current,NCBA,2,0,122.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,0.1,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,174.03,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,student,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.8,1,savings,FNB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,25.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,74,55+,highest,none,unemployed,2.5,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,1609.56,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,1.9,1.9,1,current,BCDC,1,0,1281.08,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.8,18.4,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,250.49,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,39.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,18.8,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,3.1,1.9,1,current,NBC,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,51.3,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,student,1.9,0.1,1,savings,BHS,2,0,2906.92,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.9,2.7,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,757.8,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,58,55+,highest,none,self_employed,1.2,1.1,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,1432.88,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,0.9,6.4,1,current,Capitec,2,0,41.97,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,28.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,0.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,0.0,1,savings,Centenary,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,22.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,75.44,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,35,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.8,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,2,0,292.98,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,1.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,student,5.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.2,10.2,1,savings,KCB,2,0,199.78,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,student,17.4,5.4,1,salary_account,Société Générale,1,0,213.81,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,student,7.9,3.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,143.47,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.7,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,740.26,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,2.1,2.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,12036.99,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,154.55,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,0.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,104.24,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.7,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,77.78,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,10.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,24.3,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.2,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.4,8.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,232.44,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,7.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,978.56,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,14.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.6,4.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,15.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,20.7,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,20.8,2.0,1,current,FNB,1,0,353.84,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,4.8,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,177.96,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,31.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,21.4,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,64,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,6.9,52.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.1,6.8,1,savings,Nedbank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,44.0,22.1,1,salary_account,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,0.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.8,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,27.8,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,7.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,student,3.9,29.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,6.7,1,savings,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,student,0.9,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,72,55+,middle,primary,student,27.2,5.0,1,current,Moza Banco,3,0,2098.22,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,18.5,1.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.2,25.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.2,1,salary_account,NCBA,3,0,344.18,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.8,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.8,34.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,11.5,1,current,BDM,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,student,17.0,28.2,1,current,BHS,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,23.1,28.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.1,26.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,612.3,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.7,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,1016.3,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,2,0,758.51,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,64,55+,highest,primary,student,11.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,9.7,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,4,0,104.6,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,17.1,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,20.6,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,4.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,27.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1097.29,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,13.1,6.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,730.6,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,second,none,unemployed,12.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,19.5,8.2,1,current,Capitec,2,0,81.32,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,student,11.3,12.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,976.77,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,56,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,0.1,0.9,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,758.5,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.1,7.4,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,2,0,979.84,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,20.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,41.8,41.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,59,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.2,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,14.7,21.9,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,2588.5,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,9.2,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,1,0,361.82,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,9.1,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,19.8,0.9,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,523.58,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,18.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,2.1,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1384.64,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,10.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.3,0.3,1,current,BCDC,3,0,194.11,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,8.6,3.8,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,867.44,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.4,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,12.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,41.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.6,0.3,1,current,National Bank,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,30.0,3.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,24.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,53.3,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.6,1,savings,KCB,3,0,737.95,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,2.9,1,savings,BDM,1,0,180.22,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,46,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,1.1,1,salary_account,BCDC,2,0,1392.85,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,none,student,12.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,47.0,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,0.6,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,10.1,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,student,10.3,9.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.5,31.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.1,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,442.99,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,student,3.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,10.1,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.4,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,21.4,23.6,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,221.9,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,14.1,2.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,1054.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,primary,student,1.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,5.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,2.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.5,1.4,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,677.44,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.1,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,603.85,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,44.4,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.9,7.8,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,170.17,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,3.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,3,0,1663.8,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,56,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,68,55+,second,secondary,student,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,student,13.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,12.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,59,55+,second,none,employed_informal,4.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,25.2,5.7,1,current,KCB,2,0,218.28,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,6.5,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,3,0,465.33,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,21.6,4.5,1,savings,BHS,1,0,1047.34,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,7.6,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,480.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,2419.93,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,60,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,4.3,1,current,Stanbic,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,28.2,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,student,10.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,8.3,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,37.6,0.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,365.03,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.1,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,76.12,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,13.9,7.6,1,current,Rawbank,1,0,594.3,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.5,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,25.9,14.4,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,25.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.8,5.2,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,4,0,372.96,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.8,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,10.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,61,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Zanaco,1,0,1963.36,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,13.0,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,13.9,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,26.5,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,student,16.7,1.6,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,2201.71,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,none,student,6.5,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,526.93,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,28.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.2,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.9,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,1,0,125.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,8.6,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,14.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.9,0.5,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,98.67,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.0,0.6,1,current,Société Générale,3,0,370.93,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,0.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,792.65,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,441.43,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.3,4.6,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,914.81,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,13.3,1.6,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,315.56,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.5,1.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,779.08,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.7,4.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,403.86,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,22.6,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,2.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,student,5.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,2.5,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,20.6,16.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,4,0,5315.49,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,35.2,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.5,5.2,1,salary_account,First National Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.6,2.3,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,481.8,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,4.0,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,3.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,2258.71,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,student,2.1,0.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,65,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.6,0.5,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,243.68,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,0.3,0.8,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,94.84,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,6.6,3.3,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,596.85,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,6.3,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,520.12,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,student,14.2,2.2,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,6464.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,16.2,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,412.69,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.1,0.5,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,352.87,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.1,2.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,2245.95,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,23.8,7.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,8.0,9.0,1,current,Stanbic,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,second,none,self_employed,1.9,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,18.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,32.7,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.4,1.5,1,salary_account,FBNBank,2,0,1029.98,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,3.7,1,current,Fidelity,3,0,4003.17,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,6.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.8,4.8,1,current,Standard Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,1,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,40.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.4,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,63,55+,second,none,employed_informal,3.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.3,1.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,317.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,22.1,25.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,8.6,3.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,2,0,467.04,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,10.8,0.1,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,1245.92,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.8,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,16.0,1.9,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,354.59,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.7,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.7,4.2,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,64.61,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,1704.72,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.0,3.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,5812.88,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,4.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,73,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,1.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,316.73,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,20.9,19.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,3558.68,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,35.1,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,9.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.6,1.6,1,savings,BAK,1,0,162.16,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,40.5,6.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,775.68,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,28.2,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,student,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,34.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,student,9.5,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,18.6,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,0.3,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,586.06,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,2.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,331.29,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,3.3,0.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,1673.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.2,2.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,520.07,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,6.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,4.0,1,current,CBAO,1,0,358.69,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,10.0,1,current,CBAO,1,0,1974.01,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,student,7.6,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,1.4,1,current,FNB,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,45.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,14.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.3,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,97.22,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,64,55+,highest,none,student,1.0,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,4.0,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,297.78,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,57,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,3.8,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,3893.53,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,9.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,13.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.7,8.9,1,current,BCI,2,0,1174.89,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,62,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,11.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,20.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,45.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,2.9,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1565.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,63,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,18.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,4,0,475.81,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.4,2.6,1,current,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,0.9,1.2,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,1088.16,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,11.8,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,1084.36,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,24.2,5.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,625.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,student,4.4,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,589.49,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.9,1.5,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,2135.96,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.2,6.1,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,2228.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.9,6.6,1,savings,CBAO,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,8.5,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,6.7,15.4,1,savings,KCB,2,0,721.31,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,2.9,1,savings,BHS,1,0,727.91,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,59,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.6,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,62,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.9,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,15.8,20.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,student,6.6,4.5,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,1175.76,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.8,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,student,22.0,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,4.1,38.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.5,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,13.4,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,0.8,1,current,I&M Bank,2,0,635.11,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,second,primary,student,0.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,5.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,4.4,1.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,228.42,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.0,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,0.2,1,savings,Access Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,0.9,9.9,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,394.96,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,64,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,4.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,1136.36,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,15.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,3.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,10.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,11.8,18.8,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,1000.09,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,20.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,8.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.1,1,current,Orabank,1,0,1224.57,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,2.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.7,1,savings,GTBank,4,0,118.54,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,16.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,0.3,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,42.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,3.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,3.0,2.2,1,current,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.4,4.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,180.14,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,74,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,13.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.7,0.1,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,286.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,14.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,1,0,127.12,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,67,55+,highest,none,self_employed,14.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,9.0,1,savings,NBC,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,42.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,65,55+,highest,primary,student,0.4,1.7,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,2,0,1293.14,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,student,3.5,0.0,1,current,CRDB,3,0,199.58,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,11.3,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,3.0,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,332.07,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,5.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.7,3.4,1,savings,Absa,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,8.9,1,current,CBAO,1,0,1193.31,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,71,55+,second,none,unemployed,11.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,61,55+,second,none,self_employed,12.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,90.7,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,4.3,1,salary_account,BCDC,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,none,student,10.9,12.4,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,888.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,59,55+,second,none,employed_formal,7.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,14.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,3.4,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.6,2.1,1,current,Absa,1,0,201.62,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,student,1.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,3.6,1,current,Orabank,3,0,86.7,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,18.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.4,2.6,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,259.52,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,17.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,27.0,6.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,1353.28,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,6.8,3.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,62,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,15.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,19.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,19.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,2.6,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,3.3,0.0,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,175.55,none,1,1,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,71,55+,second,none,student,1.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,none,student,2.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.7,29.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,15.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,6.0,18.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,568.34,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.6,2.4,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1667.54,none,1,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,67,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,9.1,27.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,270.09,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,3110.86,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,56,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,student,6.1,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,second,tertiary,student,8.3,7.4,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,116.82,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.0,14.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,6290.67,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,33.4,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.0,1.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,175.08,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.4,19.2,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,628.79,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.0,24.6,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,525.75,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,none,student,4.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.1,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.0,0.1,1,salary_account,Nedbank,2,0,452.05,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,1.3,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,4.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,438.87,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,7.6,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,1614.94,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,24.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.4,1.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1620.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,39.4,23.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,25.4,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,1,savings,BDM,4,0,195.03,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,4.5,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,263.72,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,second,none,self_employed,18.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,6.0,12.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,279.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,15.5,8.4,1,salary_account,Orabank,1,0,173.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,11.0,11.2,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,645.09,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,2.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,3.1,1,savings,GCB,2,0,1560.95,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.8,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,931.93,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,2.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1405.5,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,14.9,4.8,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,413.95,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.6,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,student,2.9,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,48.0,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,18.7,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,10.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,moderate_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,23.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,student,3.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.0,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,27.9,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,14.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.1,1,savings,NBC,3,0,625.74,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.3,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,4.6,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,65.1,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,student,3.4,0.7,1,savings,UBA,3,0,430.89,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,15.5,11.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,663.17,none,0,1,1,moderate_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,8.7,0.0,1,savings,BCDC,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,moderate_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,student,34.2,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.5,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,student,3.5,6.2,1,current,KCB,1,0,1701.81,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.7,0.5,1,salary_account,DFCU,1,0,398.4,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,moderate_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.2,1,current,BMCD,1,0,845.19,none,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,8.4,15.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1542.85,none,0,0,1,moderate_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,moderate_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,41.5,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,5873.63,none,0,1,0,moderate_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,15.8,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,moderate_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,24.0,11.6,1,salary_account,Orabank,2,0,1405.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,56,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,11.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,8.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,1.8,1,current,Fidelity,4,0,360.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,30.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.3,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,166.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,25.4,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,1.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.9,10.7,1,current,CBAO,1,0,17008.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,self_employed,34.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.8,2.4,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,2974.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,56,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.0,1.3,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,1282.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.1,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,2,0,452.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,17.7,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.1,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,200.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,13.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,33.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,2376.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,32.2,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,31.7,25.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,33.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1202.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.7,20.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,680.43,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,54.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,7.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,12.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,1.9,1,savings,BDM,2,0,600.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,31.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,12.3,1.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,1531.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.3,0.2,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,3773.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,24.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,25.4,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.9,2.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,20.7,28.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,5474.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,11.3,11.5,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,1,0,3608.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,14.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,student,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,student,0.1,6.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,4.7,1,savings,BAK,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,5.7,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,181.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,20.4,11.1,1,savings,FNB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.7,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,772.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,26.4,1.9,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,90.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.9,4.7,1,current,NBC,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,student,3.3,0.8,1,current,Absa,3,0,586.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,29.7,4.2,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,6.7,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.8,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,491.11,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,37.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,3.5,1.6,1,current,GTBank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,1.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,819.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,17.0,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,student,9.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,179.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,student,6.0,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,53.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.5,4.9,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,1809.2,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,1.4,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,754.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.8,10.7,1,savings,FNB,4,0,363.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.3,6.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,second,none,self_employed,4.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,29.8,8.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,79.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,2.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,8.1,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.2,0.7,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,284.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,42,35-44,second,tertiary,student,5.6,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1597.84,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,12.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,17.9,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,4.8,1,savings,BCI,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,60.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.6,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,868.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,18.6,26.0,1,savings,FNB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,16.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,131.42,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,none,student,34.2,28.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,378.21,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.5,2.8,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,455.12,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,0.8,1,salary_account,Sonibank,2,0,6111.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,23.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,student,0.7,1.1,1,savings,NBC,2,0,785.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,37.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1064.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,0.2,1,current,BAK,2,0,265.46,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,21.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.3,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,student,1.9,14.9,1,current,Standard Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,18.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,19.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,12.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,38.1,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.1,0.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,unemployed,10.4,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,5.7,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1112.9,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,student,29.5,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,second,none,unemployed,0.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,5.7,1,savings,NMB,3,0,348.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,1.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,35.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,57,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.0,23.7,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,439.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,27.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.4,1,savings,National Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,61,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3883.63,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,student,11.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.1,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,14.5,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,2.2,0.1,1,current,Nedbank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,6.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,34.7,19.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,393.47,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,2.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,293.51,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.8,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,13.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,4.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,32.6,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,74,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1091.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,student,58.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.7,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,student,6.2,5.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,746.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,student,7.7,5.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.1,3.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1841.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,13.8,31.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,783.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,3.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.2,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,519.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.8,9.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,64.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,13.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,student,10.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,34.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,2.0,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,588.41,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,13.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,2,0,351.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,7.2,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.7,4.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,1487.5,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,30.7,1.8,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,207.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,none,student,5.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.0,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1870.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.5,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,40.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.2,1.2,1,current,Orabank,2,0,1872.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.7,7.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1909.44,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,25.0,8.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,438.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,66,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,121.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.5,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,213.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,1.2,4.5,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,223.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,26.4,13.2,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,4628.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,71,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,6830.37,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,1.3,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,1,0,288.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.8,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,1,0,241.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,36.3,1.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,3.2,1.9,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,2293.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,25.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,1.9,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,student,6.9,28.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,0.3,1,current,DFCU,2,0,56.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.9,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,7.7,0.5,1,savings,BHS,2,0,781.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.7,18.4,1,salary_account,BHS,4,0,2737.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,4.0,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,student,1.4,0.3,1,current,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,12.2,33.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,19.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,student,6.9,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,3.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1058.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,10.4,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,112.24,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,41.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,12.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,student,12.1,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,student,2.0,6.6,1,current,NBC,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,2.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1583.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,9.0,0.3,1,savings,Zanaco,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,19.5,4.6,1,savings,GCB,1,0,124.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,714.54,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,24.3,0.6,1,savings,BDM,3,0,1007.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.9,16.7,1,current,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,24.6,0.6,1,savings,Access Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,4.0,1.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,9.8,5.3,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,712.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,8.2,29.1,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,2390.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,2.1,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.8,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,15.0,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,640.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,51.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,student,26.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,3.8,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.5,10.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,600.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,66,55+,highest,none,self_employed,49.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,26.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,8.0,15.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,415.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,2.6,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,195.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,12.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,2,0,1954.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,19.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,9.1,34.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.2,0.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,184.38,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,20.7,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,26.4,4.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,199.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,student,45.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.9,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,465.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,72,55+,second,secondary,student,0.4,3.2,1,current,NMB,2,0,242.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,10.1,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,35.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.2,1.1,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,80.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,21.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,8.1,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,none,student,20.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,25.0,14.9,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1546.57,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,14.7,6.7,1,current,Absa,4,0,4818.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,69,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1356.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,student,21.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.0,0.8,1,current,BCDC,2,0,908.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,17.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.7,8.2,1,savings,KCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,60,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,1.5,1,current,BHS,4,0,628.52,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,32.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,28.3,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,6.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.2,6.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,422.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,41.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,2.1,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,701.11,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,15.6,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,2839.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,33.6,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,student,20.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,2.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1103.02,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,second,none,unemployed,2.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,0.9,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,386.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.5,2.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,4,0,474.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,9.3,1,current,GTBank,2,0,2899.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.7,19.9,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.9,1,savings,FNB,2,0,397.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,11.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,31.9,6.3,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.1,3.8,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,740.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,7.2,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,450.64,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,second,primary,student,5.6,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,1140.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,3.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,294.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1870.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,38.0,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,61,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.7,1.4,1,savings,UBA,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,8.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,34.0,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.4,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,1032.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,40.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,student,20.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.5,1.0,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,59.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,2.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,66.12,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,0.1,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,3.8,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,323.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.8,11.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,13.3,1,current,Centenary,1,0,307.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,25.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.3,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.1,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.3,1.7,1,savings,DFCU,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,10.7,2.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,68.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,1.2,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,10.0,5.5,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,3,0,366.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,13.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,13.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,2.8,1,current,NCBA,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,12.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,9.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,5.0,1.1,1,current,Absa,3,0,597.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,3.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.8,2.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.3,1,savings,CBAO,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,3.0,0.0,1,savings,Société Générale,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,51.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.1,7.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,student,13.1,0.8,1,salary_account,National Bank,2,0,1180.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,26.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.9,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,5.7,1,savings,FNB,1,0,461.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.9,0.7,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,526.16,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,20.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,22.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,29.4,0.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,778.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,1.1,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,274.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.6,1.8,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,165.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.7,5.1,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1547.12,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,none,student,2.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,student,1.8,8.5,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,17.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,57,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,6.5,1.2,1,savings,UBA,4,0,3155.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,4.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.6,1.3,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,411.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,1.0,1,current,BCI,2,0,450.67,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,62.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.8,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,486.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,second,none,student,41.1,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,8.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.9,1.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,526.47,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,11.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,10.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,67,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1530.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.2,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1503.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,3.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,844.73,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,2.5,1,current,Equity BCDC,3,0,692.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,3.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,3253.49,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,28.4,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,24.4,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,student,0.6,4.5,1,savings,First Bank,4,0,258.34,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,13.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,36.9,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,27.5,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,1.4,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,138.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,10.9,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,1,0,194.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,19.2,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,106.1,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.0,1.0,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,434.95,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,240.82,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,student,7.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,61,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.4,0.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1033.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,165.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,0.5,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,637.65,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.7,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,462.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,2.5,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1602.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,0.1,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,2183.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,9.5,26.8,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,355.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,9.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,5.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,2.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,30.3,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,8.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,3.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,44.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.2,3.7,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,182.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.7,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,121.53,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.6,2.3,1,current,FNB,1,0,616.61,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,66,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.9,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.4,2.3,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,163.29,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,21.9,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,23.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,2.9,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,1842.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,20.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1354.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,70,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.6,1.9,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,449.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.1,26.5,1,current,Absa,2,0,210.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,1.1,51.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,2.8,38.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,559.86,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,26.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,190.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,31.6,1.9,1,current,Sonibank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,6.8,2.4,1,current,BDM,1,0,1027.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,2.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,180.39,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.9,4.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,student,9.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,646.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,11.4,5.9,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,548.76,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,27.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,41.0,9.6,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,400.59,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,50.3,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,5.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.0,15.4,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,1,0,243.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,13.3,5.9,1,salary_account,Centenary,1,0,1629.06,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.8,1,savings,GCB,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,57,55+,middle,none,unemployed,8.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,23.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,1.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.9,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,student,35.7,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,21.3,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,student,12.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,9.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,23.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,2.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1547.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,414.67,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,student,29.6,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,3.6,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,459.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,10.8,11.3,1,current,GTBank,4,0,733.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,8.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,32.4,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.5,0.0,1,current,BCDC,2,0,126.23,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,0.3,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,987.55,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,21.1,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,1.8,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,67,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.3,1,savings,Absa,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.8,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,4,0,412.4,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,196.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.2,4.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,214.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,7.2,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.6,4.0,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,656.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,student,4.0,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,346.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.8,1.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,1024.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,73,55+,second,secondary,student,49.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,student,3.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,14.9,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,student,11.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,0.3,1,savings,GCB,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.7,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,16.8,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,2.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,5.8,0.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,8.7,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,27.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,8.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,158.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,5.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,42.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,18.4,7.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1722.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,5.8,4.7,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,436.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.6,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,4,0,769.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,199.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,26.2,1.2,1,savings,FBNBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,26,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,4.0,3.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,427.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,3,0,232.45,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.7,1,salary_account,BMCD,3,0,2415.9,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.6,2.1,1,current,CRDB,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,second,none,self_employed,3.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.1,1.7,1,savings,Absa,3,0,324.87,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,1.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.9,3.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,940.81,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,36.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,1,0,280.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,5.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.1,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,544.55,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,20.7,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,student,2.1,17.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.4,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,2,0,73.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,30.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,36.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,14.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,second,none,unemployed,0.8,2.6,1,salary_account,Stanbic,4,0,643.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1145.12,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,51.1,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.8,6.9,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,103.16,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,4.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,4.7,4.8,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,198.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.3,7.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,319.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,14.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.9,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,1,0,87.57,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.9,6.1,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,626.59,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,2.2,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,19.5,13.4,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.5,0.1,1,current,Centenary,2,0,512.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,3.2,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.2,0.8,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,274.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,41.0,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.8,1.2,1,savings,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.7,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,1,0,1478.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,second,none,self_employed,56.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,0.1,1,salary_account,Centenary,1,0,1124.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,18.9,21.4,1,current,GCB,1,0,851.6,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,student,3.0,1.0,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,817.1,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.5,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.0,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,884.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,40.0,29.4,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,212.11,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,student,7.3,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.3,1,current,Centenary,2,0,2599.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.3,1.2,1,current,CBAO,2,0,859.62,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.7,1.0,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1023.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,student,4.3,4.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,361.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,62,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,54.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.2,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.2,25.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,376.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.4,1,current,FNB,0,3,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,8.3,0.6,1,savings,KCB,1,0,346.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,33.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,20.4,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.4,5.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2111.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.2,3.3,1,salary_account,BMCD,3,0,210.23,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,37.4,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,2.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,45.6,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,0.7,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,4.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,60,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,14.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,1,savings,BCDC,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.1,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.2,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,68,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.0,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,3.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.3,0.9,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,1030.24,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,18.9,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.9,1.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,200.35,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,14.9,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,66.1,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.9,9.6,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,35.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.5,1,current,Access Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,17.6,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,10.4,2.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,7.2,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,60,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,3.5,16.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.1,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,10.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,student,1.2,2.0,1,savings,Orabank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,27.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.3,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,72.4,12.1,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,1531.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,15.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,10.6,24.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.1,2.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,768.6,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,31.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,41.4,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,0.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,3.8,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,458.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,12.7,1.8,1,current,Absa,2,0,621.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,9.4,1,current,Standard Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,22.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,32.9,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,18.1,6.0,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,758.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,3,0,157.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,72,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.3,1.0,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,854.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,3.3,1,current,Capitec,1,0,296.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,24.8,5.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,505.02,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,15.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,14.6,21.3,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,145.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,16.8,19.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,409.45,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,7.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,16.2,1,current,Fidelity,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,0.8,27.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,primary,student,3.1,0.2,1,savings,BAK,3,0,2399.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,student,21.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,13.3,6.8,1,current,Absa,1,0,1222.95,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,817.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,student,1.9,1.6,1,current,Absa,3,0,78.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,8.8,1.2,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,587.51,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,5.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.2,1,salary_account,National Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,second,tertiary,student,1.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,17.0,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,2.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,809.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,24.5,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,3.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,5.4,1.6,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,10811.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,8.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.4,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.4,2.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,537.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.9,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,1.8,1,savings,National Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,1199.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,11.6,1.0,1,salary_account,CRDB,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,1.6,1,savings,Orabank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,student,1.6,26.0,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,336.2,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.1,0.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,690.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,13.1,48.8,1,current,Moza Banco,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.7,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,4,0,325.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.9,1,current,Absa,1,0,1067.09,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.4,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,71.16,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,16.1,7.0,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,1441.47,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,35.8,8.2,1,savings,Fidelity,4,0,664.28,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,56.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,653.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.0,5.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,628.78,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,21.2,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,29.9,11.5,1,salary_account,Capitec,3,0,108.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.7,7.7,1,salary_account,Capitec,4,0,708.78,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,2.6,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,1296.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,4.0,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,4,0,2077.07,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,278.41,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,9.3,5.8,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,22.1,1.2,1,current,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,1.1,1,salary_account,Rawbank,1,0,273.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,student,1.2,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,2.3,1,savings,Equity BCDC,4,0,314.97,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,student,23.7,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,46.4,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,20.7,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,18.3,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,2700.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.2,4.1,1,current,Absa,1,0,2578.84,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.7,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,384.68,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,801.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,67.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,student,16.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,2.1,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,1224.65,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,0.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,primary,student,3.4,0.8,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,1703.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,17.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,22.4,7.5,1,savings,NBC,2,0,1277.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,8.9,3.7,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,34.02,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,31.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,23.3,28.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.0,2.2,1,salary_account,DFCU,1,0,590.75,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,6.2,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,10.8,27.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.8,4.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,321.2,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,2.0,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,1,0,1076.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,48.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,student,36.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,7.6,2.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,21.4,1.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,373.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,6.9,34.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,14.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,14.9,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.1,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,4.0,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.0,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.0,0.4,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1167.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,10.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.7,2.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,627.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,9.4,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,7.5,10.0,1,savings,Capitec,4,0,310.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,4.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,704.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.9,0.4,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,491.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,52.1,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.4,0.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1005.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,1.5,4.6,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,610.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,student,10.2,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,32.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,636.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.8,1.5,1,savings,UBA,3,0,437.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,2.8,4.2,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,1203.15,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,61,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,6.3,1.5,1,savings,BCI,1,0,321.74,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,0.9,3.6,1,current,Rawbank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,student,2.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,80.8,34.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,25.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,18.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,11.1,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,12.2,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.6,4.8,1,current,UBA,2,0,440.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,0.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,501.64,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,45.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,31.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,38.8,22.8,1,current,NBS Bank,1,0,2063.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,34.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,13.7,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,35.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,student,3.1,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,8.5,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,256.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,28.7,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.7,1.2,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.7,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,0.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,second,none,student,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.6,2.9,1,savings,Absa,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,4.2,1.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,196.87,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.6,0.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,264.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1494.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,63,55+,second,none,employed_informal,9.2,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,3,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,56,55+,second,none,employed_formal,1.9,0.6,1,savings,Capitec,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,19.0,2.5,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,976.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,44.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.1,3.8,1,savings,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,45.5,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,student,5.4,0.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,169.21,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,10.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,9.1,0.9,1,savings,KCB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,12.5,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,19.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,27.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,19.9,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,12.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,66,55+,second,none,employed_informal,5.4,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,41.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,7.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,342.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,student,15.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,34.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,3.7,1.4,1,current,FDH Bank,4,0,3001.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,2,0,670.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,1.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,26.0,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,15.8,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.3,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,2.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,2.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,student,2.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,29.6,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,2,0,667.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.4,0.5,1,savings,BDM,1,0,1448.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.2,3.5,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,401.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.6,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,26.8,3.0,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,175.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,14.9,1,current,CBAO,4,0,6632.4,none,1,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.4,6.0,1,salary_account,FNB,2,0,162.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,student,16.1,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,7.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,student,6.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.7,3.6,1,current,CRDB,3,0,1210.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,14.5,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,64.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,student,0.5,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.9,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,17.3,7.5,1,current,Nedbank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,73,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,8.0,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,0.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,780.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,student,27.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,10.1,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.6,5.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,467.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,15.4,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.8,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.3,0.2,1,savings,UBA,2,0,904.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.0,1.3,1,current,NMB,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.1,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,2076.53,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,16.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,12.4,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1311.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,19.1,1,savings,BAK,1,0,343.23,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,17.9,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,1.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,272.75,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,21.9,12.4,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,2,0,1552.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,2.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,34.95,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,6.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,6.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,2.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,2255.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.7,0.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,39.1,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,46.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.3,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,242.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,25.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,109.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.3,1.2,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,504.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,15.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,13.9,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,70,55+,second,none,self_employed,11.6,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,62,55+,second,none,student,3.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.4,0.0,1,savings,UBA,1,0,1464.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,206.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,0.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,23.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.2,1,current,NBC,3,0,527.52,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.9,1.4,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,68,55+,highest,primary,student,9.6,3.9,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,24.1,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,65.2,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,3.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,62,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.6,0.0,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,1968.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.9,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,2403.3,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,9.7,4.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1831.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,student,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,self_employed,34.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.1,0.9,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1491.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,5.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,4.5,1,current,National Bank,3,0,223.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,2,0,2038.85,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,2.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,2.9,1,current,BCDC,2,0,604.01,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,26.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,0.2,1,salary_account,UBA,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.1,2.6,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,189.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,45.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,0.0,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,5664.19,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,189.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,8.8,38.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.7,11.7,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,1053.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,24.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,6.4,20.2,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,1234.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,32.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,0.4,1,savings,NMB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,second,none,unemployed,3.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,67,55+,second,secondary,student,8.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,2.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,39.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,57,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.3,1.7,1,savings,BCI,1,0,705.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,6.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1674.47,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,83.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,1.2,1,current,FNB,2,0,201.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,3.6,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,166.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,0.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,32.1,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,1,current,Nedbank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,0.3,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,2.8,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1194.89,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,0.7,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,0.2,5.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,0.5,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,2,0,432.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,64,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.0,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,10.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,36.6,5.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,541.62,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.2,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,58,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.8,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,34.6,1.2,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,168.93,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,7.1,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,17.3,0.3,1,current,CRDB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,38.8,6.0,1,savings,BCDC,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,4,0,58.44,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.0,1.0,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,163.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,31.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.4,3.2,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,38.9,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,719.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,21.3,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,13.8,3.0,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,179.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1362.03,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,3681.68,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,5.6,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,338.27,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,student,2.3,2.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,316.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,6.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.2,1,current,Absa,3,0,636.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,22.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.5,0.7,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,18.0,1,savings,Absa,3,0,429.62,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,student,24.4,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,220.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,2.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,0.4,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,14.5,5.2,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,2,0,427.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,12.2,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,22.8,2.9,1,current,Ecobank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.8,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,0.1,1,savings,BAK,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,19.9,1.2,1,current,BCI,4,0,13117.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.0,0.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,154.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,0.6,19.0,1,current,Société Générale,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.2,0.0,1,savings,BAK,1,0,252.87,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.2,1.2,1,savings,Fidelity,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,13.9,3.0,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,929.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,603.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,student,13.6,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,10.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,1.1,1,savings,Société Générale,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,salary_account,UBA,2,0,6791.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,student,6.9,14.9,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,2,0,281.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.3,10.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,516.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,51.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.2,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.1,4.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.8,9.3,1,current,Rawbank,2,0,451.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,3.7,44.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,5.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,1.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,727.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,employed_formal,13.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,0.6,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,1157.31,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.8,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,532.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,5.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.7,0.6,1,savings,National Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,12.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,11.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,none,student,7.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,3.3,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,649.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,16.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,student,33.0,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.0,3.3,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1039.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.5,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,4.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,815.48,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,53.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,4.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.8,0.7,1,current,Access Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,694.35,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.0,1.5,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,347.73,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,student,1.7,1.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,636.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.9,12.8,1,savings,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,student,12.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,4.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.9,6.3,1,current,Capitec,1,0,1534.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,9.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,21.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,11.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,28.7,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.3,5.4,1,savings,BCI,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,8.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,11.7,1,current,National Bank,1,0,375.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,student,5.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,47.6,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,64,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,35.3,7.0,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,533.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,8.5,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,1674.7,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,0.5,2.1,1,current,Zanaco,4,0,879.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,student,1.1,0.3,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,129.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,8.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,57,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.2,1.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,2132.31,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,student,0.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,5.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,487.68,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,32.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,772.15,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,459.04,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,0.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,2417.45,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,12.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,31.5,3.1,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,2119.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,student,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,28.1,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.5,1.0,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,117.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,11.6,24.0,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,664.82,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,4,0,39.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,22.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,18.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,16.6,28.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,11.4,1,salary_account,FNB,1,0,2551.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.2,2.6,1,savings,BHS,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,15.3,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,14.4,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,1.3,1,savings,KCB,3,0,1723.33,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.1,3.6,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,159.94,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.4,1.6,1,savings,FNB,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,404.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,11.5,22.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2535.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,2.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.8,2.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.8,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,964.02,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,6.4,2.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1729.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,213.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,14.8,13.5,1,current,I&M Bank,3,0,51.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,3.7,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,1133.43,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.0,10.7,1,current,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,665.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.7,3.4,1,savings,BDM,2,0,994.24,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,54.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,2.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,682.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.0,1,savings,GCB,1,0,800.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,907.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,student,3.2,0.7,1,savings,FNB,1,0,4856.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,71,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,19.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,20.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,student,3.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,0.3,1,current,NCBA,1,0,257.99,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,4.5,9.7,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,2694.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,student,28.3,4.5,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,220.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.3,0.7,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,2197.33,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.5,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,74,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,student,3.2,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,6.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.3,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.7,7.6,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,994.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,4.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.7,3.2,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,2,0,895.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,8.5,1,salary_account,BDM,2,0,843.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,8.0,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,177.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,9.2,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,35.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,10.1,15.3,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,12092.34,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,current,NMB,2,0,342.94,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,none,student,2.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.5,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,none,student,16.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,6.3,30.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,518.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.3,1,salary_account,BCDC,2,0,61.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,2.0,1,savings,BCI,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,31.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,student,0.3,0.8,1,savings,KCB,4,0,929.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,44.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,41.5,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.1,9.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,728.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,38.0,1.9,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,2113.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,10.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.2,3.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.5,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,118.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,7.7,0.3,1,salary_account,BDM,1,0,69.47,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,student,1.0,2.0,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,9153.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,72,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,20.0,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,22.6,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,4.9,3.5,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,289.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,15.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.2,1,current,Stanbic,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,58,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.7,3.4,1,current,BMCD,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.7,1,savings,KCB,1,0,427.64,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,43.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,42.2,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.9,1,savings,Access Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,132.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,57,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,0.9,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,485.09,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,4.9,3.6,1,salary_account,NCBA,2,0,655.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.3,0.1,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,537.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,38.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,3.4,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,801.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,7.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,none,self_employed,20.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,26.4,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,49.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.4,3.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,233.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,6.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,6.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.4,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,8.9,1,fixed_deposit,Equity BCDC,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,5.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,19.2,1,current,NCBA,2,0,814.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,student,1.1,1.6,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,4454.04,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,3.0,12.7,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,183.11,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,student,3.9,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,12.6,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,341.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,35.7,1.3,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,307.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,student,11.8,4.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,6218.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,27.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.6,46.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,69,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.5,3.3,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,15.7,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,14.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,59,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,3925.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,36.6,7.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,75.9,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.9,15.9,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,461.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,12.9,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.9,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,18.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,0.7,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,4,0,683.59,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,student,22.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,3,0,1011.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,32.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.9,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,27.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,0.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.4,1,salary_account,CRDB,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.4,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,11.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,22.2,1.9,1,savings,FNB,1,0,734.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.8,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,8.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,none,student,2.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,5.8,1,savings,Absa,4,0,308.88,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,2.1,1,savings,BAK,2,0,745.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,student,19.8,12.9,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,747.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,15.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,2.9,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,135.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,13.3,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,22.2,10.9,1,current,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,5.3,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,6715.05,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.8,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.4,18.4,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,707.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,student,5.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.0,0.6,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,560.49,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,26.6,4.2,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,3,0,3039.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,2,0,571.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,18.9,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,21.4,6.3,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,4,0,2330.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,22.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.0,1,current,Nedbank,3,0,670.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,26.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.0,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,2,0,392.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,2.1,1,current,Orabank,3,0,1192.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,37.4,4.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,22.3,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.1,1,savings,BAK,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,unemployed,23.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.6,2.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,1338.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,17.9,1,savings,BAK,1,0,235.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,8.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,4.0,1,current,NMB,1,0,645.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.0,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1011.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.3,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,34.9,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,1.0,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,1978.9,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,70,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,26.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,19.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.4,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.1,0.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,123.29,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,12.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,915.9,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,62,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,8186.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.4,0.2,1,savings,BAK,2,0,444.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,8.0,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,881.53,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,4.2,3.7,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,632.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,student,2.4,1.5,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,357.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,22.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,second,none,unemployed,6.8,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,61,55+,highest,none,unemployed,3.1,34.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,second,none,student,3.0,5.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,423.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,61,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.0,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,2762.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,student,11.8,4.5,1,savings,Capitec,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.2,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,1,0,106.2,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,18,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,2.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,14.5,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,633.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,195.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,3.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,8.8,17.7,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,342.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,3.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,35.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,21.0,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,57,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,14.5,13.0,1,current,Sonibank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,14.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,12.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,28.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,65,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,student,0.4,0.3,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,302.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,29.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,34.3,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.7,8.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,6.4,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,3.6,1,current,KCB,4,0,472.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,0.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,62,55+,second,none,self_employed,3.6,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,230.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,32.7,26.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,8.6,1.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.1,0.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,184.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,726.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.1,0.1,1,current,KCB,4,0,1093.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,3.5,1,current,FNB,2,0,297.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,student,11.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.5,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,6.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,student,0.1,1.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,855.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,1.0,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,449.43,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,18.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,24.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,34.5,22.8,1,savings,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.1,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1073.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,0.2,1,current,NBS Bank,4,0,208.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,48.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,38.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.4,11.1,1,savings,Centenary,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,24.5,28.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,65,55+,middle,primary,student,9.6,0.4,1,current,Absa,4,0,659.31,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.8,5.9,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,785.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.2,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,4886.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,0.5,6.0,1,salary_account,NCBA,1,0,706.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,24.7,14.8,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,2488.9,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,2.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,2396.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,22.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.5,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,4.3,0.5,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,69,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.2,2.7,1,salary_account,GCB,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.1,3.6,1,savings,CRDB,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,2.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,2.6,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,72.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,10.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.2,1,salary_account,NCBA,3,0,367.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.0,6.7,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,442.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,25.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,1,savings,KCB,2,0,392.72,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.2,17.1,1,current,GCB,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.4,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.1,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,6.9,4.1,1,savings,UBA,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,student,5.7,3.1,1,savings,BHS,2,0,765.17,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.5,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2474.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.5,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,5.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,23.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,855.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,0.8,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,60.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,27.3,7.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,student,0.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,240.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,2.6,24.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,402.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,5.9,1.7,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,736.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,45.6,21.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,34.0,5.6,1,savings,FNB,2,0,105.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,student,7.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,13.9,7.7,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,138.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,50.3,35.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.6,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,639.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,2,0,4654.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,30.0,2.6,1,current,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,40.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,4.1,1.6,1,savings,National Bank,4,0,246.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,19.1,2.4,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,3430.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,7.9,1.7,1,current,Absa,4,0,755.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,student,5.9,1.4,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,110.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,1.3,0.0,1,savings,BDM,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,79.9,6.2,1,current,UBA,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,student,2.2,4.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,365.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,30.1,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.5,12.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,387.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,self_employed,49.4,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.0,2.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,student,7.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,23.1,22.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,58,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,2.1,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,4653.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.0,0.3,1,salary_account,GCB,1,0,2127.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,119.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,student,0.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.1,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,150.37,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.6,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,10.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,64,55+,middle,none,self_employed,38.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,0.5,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,905.52,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,38.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.1,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,1.8,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,385.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,6.5,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,student,3.7,2.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,5001.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,11.6,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.3,1,savings,UBA,2,0,1677.32,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,4.6,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,1941.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,62,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,5.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,12.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,student,4.6,3.4,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,553.71,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,0.5,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,134.09,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,61,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,1.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,52.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,28.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.6,2.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1838.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.3,5.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,711.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,second,primary,student,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,0.2,9.6,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,2064.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,3.1,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,0.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,1403.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,70,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,4.4,1,savings,BHS,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.9,8.7,1,current,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,8.7,11.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,1600.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,18.1,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,4.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,69,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,9.7,1,current,Coris Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,60.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,student,3.3,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,16.1,8.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,230.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.6,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,59.0,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,74,55+,second,none,unemployed,26.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,1.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,7.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,second,none,unemployed,1.4,0.8,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,281.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,student,14.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,45.0,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,3.9,1,current,DFCU,4,0,576.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.0,10.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.8,1,current,First National Bank,3,0,910.27,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.6,1,savings,Absa,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,4.3,1,savings,GCB,2,0,316.19,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,1221.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,2150.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.4,5.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,365.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,13.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,15.3,7.9,1,savings,KCB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,2.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,6364.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,65.7,27.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,secondary,student,5.6,0.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1891.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,student,5.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,3.7,2.2,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,9.6,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,1.2,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,2633.4,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,13.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,6.1,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,871.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.3,1.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,448.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,56.7,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.3,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,617.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,320.08,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.8,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.2,19.8,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,536.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.2,5.8,1,savings,NBC,2,0,602.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,0.9,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,3.9,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,918.12,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,4.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,14.8,1,savings,UBA,1,0,475.5,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,3.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,31.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,3011.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.8,7.6,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,898.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,26.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,25.8,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,middle,none,student,25.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,14.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,student,32.4,3.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,594.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.9,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,57.09,none,1,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.0,0.4,1,savings,First National Bank,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,student,0.6,0.1,1,savings,Société Générale,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,42.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,4.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,22.8,31.5,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,1861.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,18.3,1.1,1,current,DFCU,1,0,478.03,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,19.5,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1229.47,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,11.4,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Sonibank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.3,7.5,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1887.85,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,4.7,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,0.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.2,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,2202.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.7,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,0.7,1,savings,BDM,2,0,61.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,1.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,122.02,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,6.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,200.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,2.4,1,current,FNB,2,0,350.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,3.1,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1202.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,2,0,497.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,5.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,student,31.7,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,16.9,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,844.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.3,0.7,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,101.34,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,1,0,141.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,59,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.1,6.0,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,536.69,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,second,none,unemployed,5.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,student,0.5,0.8,1,current,Standard Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,unemployed,14.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,8.4,0.7,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,500.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,7.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,none,self_employed,24.0,8.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,654.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,5.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,2.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.7,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,10.4,30.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.6,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.1,8.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,9.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,196.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,66,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,524.4,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,40.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,284.08,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,student,9.8,2.1,1,savings,BAK,4,0,2711.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,3.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,9.0,13.9,1,savings,GCB,1,0,410.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,employed_formal,5.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,527.47,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,second,none,unemployed,6.0,28.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.8,0.7,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,5111.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,1.0,1,current,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,29.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,27.3,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.9,1,savings,FNB,4,0,1550.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.2,4.3,1,savings,BDM,2,0,495.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,840.21,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,6.7,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,student,1.5,10.2,1,savings,KCB,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,11.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.2,1.5,1,savings,BDM,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.3,1.4,1,savings,KCB,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,29.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.7,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,4,0,367.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,1.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,1705.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,65,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.9,3.2,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,289.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,10.8,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.1,1,current,NCBA,3,0,3694.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.8,3.3,1,savings,BHS,3,0,118.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,19.8,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.5,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,4722.74,none,1,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,3.5,0.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,4002.93,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,9.4,27.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.4,0.1,1,current,Absa,1,0,3351.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,4.6,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,3,0,855.77,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,15.4,2.6,1,savings,Zanaco,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.7,0.1,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,924.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,2.4,1,savings,BAK,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,31.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.2,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,317.72,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,66,55+,highest,none,unemployed,26.8,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,0.1,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,133.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,1.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,7429.96,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,14.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.3,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,3.4,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,44.7,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,6.5,12.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,234.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.7,28.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,31.9,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,4629.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.6,38.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,19.7,9.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,570.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.1,3.5,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,91.08,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.8,4.3,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,4987.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.8,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,4.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,511.85,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.0,3.7,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,801.78,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,1.0,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1304.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,student,1.2,1.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,400.83,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,0.5,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,second,none,student,3.2,1.4,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,686.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,36.3,41.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,1.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,3,0,291.41,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,none,student,0.8,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.0,1.9,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,541.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,63.7,5.6,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,658.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,21.7,1.4,1,savings,BDM,0,23,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,4.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,student,14.8,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.1,3.9,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,10.8,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,1,0,2977.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,31.9,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,student,1.0,1.1,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,733.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,9.0,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,7.0,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,1974.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,1.6,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,443.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,none,unemployed,11.1,2.9,1,savings,Nedbank,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,11.5,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.1,0.1,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,765.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,student,1.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,11.7,16.7,1,current,GCB,4,0,2235.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,4.0,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,9.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.7,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,3,0,2492.09,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,7.4,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,13.4,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.5,0.0,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1032.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,13.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.7,0.3,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,148.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,68.2,15.4,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,2273.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.2,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1285.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,7.6,1.8,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,496.35,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,9.8,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,11.9,2.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1562.48,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,151.06,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,321.48,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,8.9,1.1,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,296.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,1.4,1,savings,KCB,3,0,387.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,13.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,7.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.0,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,student,16.7,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,6.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,1.1,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,510.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,11.3,5.6,1,salary_account,Zanaco,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,29.2,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.6,4.8,1,savings,FBNBank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.9,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,1190.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,59,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.8,1.7,1,savings,BCI,1,0,124.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.4,4.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,358.91,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,student,0.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.8,19.5,1,savings,NMB,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,6.5,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.2,5.9,1,savings,First National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,18.3,24.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.1,0.8,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,2880.52,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,4.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,728.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.2,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,295.02,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.0,2.1,1,salary_account,Fidelity,4,0,1704.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,60,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,2.0,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,887.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,16.9,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.9,1.7,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,2473.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,student,39.8,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,61.0,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.4,2.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,69,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,41.4,0.5,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1739.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,8.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.6,0.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,367.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,23.6,4.3,1,current,Absa,3,0,368.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,43.8,4.7,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,0.9,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1618.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.3,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,14.0,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,1,0,1218.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,4.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,2.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,1.0,5.3,1,current,BHS,2,0,1513.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,13.3,9.3,1,savings,UBA,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.7,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,3553.61,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,current,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,unemployed,10.1,26.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,10.1,2.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,2.4,1,current,Centenary,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.6,3.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,757.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,26.0,3.6,1,savings,KCB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.4,7.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1175.63,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,224.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,17.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,45.2,0.9,1,current,KCB,3,0,1066.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,23.7,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,second,none,unemployed,3.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.2,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,5.2,0.4,1,savings,CBAO,3,0,1007.38,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.0,23.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,180.55,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,51.9,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,38.1,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,13.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,student,3.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,1.8,1,savings,Moza Banco,4,0,211.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,6.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,20.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.3,0.0,1,savings,Fidelity,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,1509.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,26.5,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,17.8,3.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,0.4,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,805.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,38.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,none,student,34.5,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,314.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,4.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,16.4,7.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,2.3,3.4,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,8004.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,1,0,917.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.7,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,15.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,6.8,1.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,616.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,student,7.1,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,2.4,1,current,National Bank,2,0,230.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,420.47,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,2.3,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.9,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,1821.72,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,15.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,2.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,student,4.0,2.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,125.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,18.0,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,60,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,59,55+,second,none,unemployed,2.6,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,unemployed,12.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,2,0,448.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,43.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.9,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,1,0,257.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,102.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.2,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,123.18,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,76.0,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,student,3.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,163.38,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,28.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,25.5,6.2,1,savings,NBC,4,0,331.68,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,18.2,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.4,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,27.9,16.4,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,3,0,2517.7,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,16.8,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.8,43.1,1,savings,Nedbank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,7.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,24.6,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,14.6,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,student,9.0,17.9,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,281.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,57,55+,second,none,student,11.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,10.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,71,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.8,1.8,1,savings,BDM,3,0,282.47,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.1,6.3,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,731.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,62.4,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,32.5,1.0,1,savings,First National Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,29.3,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,62,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,2.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.4,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,294.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,7.4,0.8,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,2188.6,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,9.2,12.8,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,2263.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,113.16,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,0.4,3.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,49.0,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.8,1,current,KCB,2,0,104.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.3,1,current,Stanbic,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.5,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.0,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,258.74,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,0.9,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,1,0,1058.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.0,7.2,1,savings,GCB,2,0,88.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,33.6,3.5,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,698.84,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.8,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,2117.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,21.6,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,401.24,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,6.2,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,5642.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.4,1,current,BCI,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,15.3,9.9,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,454.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,second,none,unemployed,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,14.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,student,58.0,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,4,0,282.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,71,55+,highest,primary,student,4.8,4.9,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,3032.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,16.2,0.9,1,current,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,38.7,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,0.9,1,savings,KCB,4,0,79.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.9,0.0,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.7,0.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,483.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,2.5,1.8,1,savings,KCB,3,0,1187.6,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,67,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,29.8,0.1,1,savings,BHS,3,0,1025.51,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.3,1.9,1,savings,BDM,4,0,787.74,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,student,8.5,3.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1467.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.5,3.2,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,218.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.6,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,4.4,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,671.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.5,3.3,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,147.19,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.6,7.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,503.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,employed_informal,26.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,67,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,8.5,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,4372.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,1245.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,9.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,6546.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,11.9,3.9,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,133.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,68,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,0.0,1,current,GCB,1,0,762.93,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,24.0,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,307.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,31.4,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,31.4,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,22.4,30.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,student,2.1,1.2,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,322.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,51.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,864.19,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.8,0.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,656.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.0,17.7,1,savings,UBA,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,1.1,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.0,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,1,0,341.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,27.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,1.7,1,savings,First Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,6.0,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,304.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,6.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,2.4,1,savings,FNB,1,0,626.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,13.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,second,none,student,11.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.8,0.1,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1401.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,23.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.8,1,savings,Sonibank,4,0,217.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.3,16.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,503.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,39.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,243.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.3,0.3,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,187.95,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.9,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.1,2.8,1,current,First Bank,3,0,1602.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.4,10.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1313.08,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.9,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,1134.2,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,46.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,434.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,66,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.1,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,0.6,1,savings,NBC,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,21.2,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,student,16.2,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,60,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1593.25,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,12.4,2.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,49.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,1,current,First Bank,3,0,175.4,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,6.2,2.9,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,258.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,1,savings,First Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,28.2,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,1.1,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,884.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,22.3,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.3,1,current,FNB,3,0,113.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.3,1.1,1,current,Access Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.4,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,3110.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,1.3,1.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2757.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,7.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,39.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,9.7,1.4,1,savings,First Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,8.8,12.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,528.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,student,0.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.2,16.8,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1238.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,student,0.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.7,1,savings,Nedbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,9.1,1.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,85.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.8,1.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,603.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.9,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,second,primary,student,9.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.2,3.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,234.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,17.0,26.0,1,savings,NBC,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.8,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,14.6,11.1,1,current,BHS,2,0,3513.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,1.1,1,current,Centenary,4,0,1881.71,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,928.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,7.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,33.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,3,0,421.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,25.3,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,9.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.4,2.7,1,savings,CBAO,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,38.5,17.1,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,501.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.7,12.2,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,975.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.7,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,2712.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,8.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1782.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,26.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,73,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,20.5,14.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,20.9,1,savings,CBAO,3,0,487.17,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,8.8,7.4,1,savings,FBNBank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,9.4,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,student,8.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,12.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.6,1.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,359.65,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,student,7.5,0.6,1,savings,UBA,3,0,79.81,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,60,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,25.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.1,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.1,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,905.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,18.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2532.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,67,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,15.8,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,1133.23,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.4,1,salary_account,BHS,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.9,30.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,24.1,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,8.4,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,1270.1,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.3,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,56.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,student,4.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,6.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,14.6,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,878.57,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.1,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1586.94,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.7,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,1813.45,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,5.1,2.5,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,1021.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,primary,student,3.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,180.6,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,25.6,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,student,29.2,3.8,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,214.52,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,student,9.4,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,15.0,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,17.7,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2587.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.5,35.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,14.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.9,1,savings,KCB,3,0,1260.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.6,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,68.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,11.7,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.3,31.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,13.6,3.9,1,salary_account,NBC,1,0,1916.08,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,30.6,1,savings,UBA,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.4,12.2,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,54.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,5.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.6,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,1727.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.1,11.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.1,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,796.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.4,1,savings,GCB,1,0,141.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,35.2,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_formal,16.9,2.1,1,current,GCB,1,0,317.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,1050.44,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.2,0.6,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,501.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,56,55+,middle,none,student,2.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,10.1,6.9,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,2,0,480.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,17.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,1014.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,9.9,0.6,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,321.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.6,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,41.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,10.4,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,22.9,9.0,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1831.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.8,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,student,1.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,1,0,128.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,52.1,44.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,12.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,69,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.8,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,348.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.4,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,71,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,9.2,0.7,1,savings,First Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.0,1.3,1,current,First Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,19.5,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,661.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.7,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,39.1,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,4,0,546.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,3.8,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,260.22,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.5,0.9,1,savings,BCI,2,0,435.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,23.6,29.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,student,33.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,student,3.1,1.4,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,134.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,3.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,91.8,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,29.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,62,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,student,4.5,2.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,278.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,27.2,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,1234.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.5,2.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,352.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.8,6.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.9,5.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,33.7,6.9,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,130.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,1.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,1342.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,6.6,1.2,1,current,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,1.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.1,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.6,3.9,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,506.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,23.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,9.0,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,648.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,1.5,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,1022.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,37.2,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,35.6,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,2.7,1.7,1,savings,Absa,4,0,353.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,27.1,2.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,4,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,0.4,1,current,UBA,1,0,116.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.0,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,72,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,33.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,5.9,7.1,1,current,Equity Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,56,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,second,tertiary,student,1.0,4.6,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,174.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,35.3,20.0,1,current,FNB,1,0,160.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,42.1,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,1629.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,56,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,38.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,0.6,1,savings,BHS,3,0,1140.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,9.0,1,current,CRDB,1,0,3709.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,12.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,19.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,2.6,1,salary_account,First National Bank,4,0,168.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,1,current,Fidelity,4,0,246.62,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,64,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,3.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,204.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,student,10.3,1.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,587.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,9.5,1.4,1,current,DFCU,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,7.3,25.6,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,860.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,5.0,40.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,4.7,5.4,1,savings,Capitec,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.3,9.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,61.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,12.3,10.5,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,649.08,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.1,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,26.4,42.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,2857.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,2.7,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,425.34,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,8.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,8.0,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,333.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.9,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.8,1,savings,BAK,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.5,5.6,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,523.75,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,22.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.3,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,student,25.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.8,1,savings,BCDC,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,24.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,29.7,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1189.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.7,2.4,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,1765.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,6.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,388.7,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,1.4,3.1,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,876.59,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.6,16.0,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,110.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,61.9,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.1,0.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,164.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,1.8,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,2707.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,1.7,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,133.27,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.0,8.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,769.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.5,3.0,1,salary_account,FNB,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,student,18.2,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.8,3.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,97.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,4.8,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.0,0.5,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,643.85,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,7.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,0.7,1,current,Orabank,1,0,51.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,74,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.5,2.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,second,none,unemployed,4.7,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,71,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,12.8,15.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,843.53,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.0,10.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,113.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,64,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.4,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,4.4,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.4,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,1.5,39.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,8.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,453.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,6.5,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,864.72,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,39.9,0.5,1,current,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,2.6,1,savings,BHS,1,0,333.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,5.1,9.0,1,savings,FNB,1,0,797.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,8.0,1,salary_account,Fidelity,2,0,1894.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,3.1,0.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,31.8,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,1.1,1,current,FDH Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.6,3.0,1,savings,GCB,2,0,941.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,598.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,146.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,15.7,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.3,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,National Bank,1,0,164.1,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.1,1.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,87.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,none,student,4.2,24.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,11.1,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,31.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,student,14.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.9,11.4,1,current,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.1,1,current,National Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,60,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,6.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,17.4,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1732.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,1.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,1.1,1,current,DFCU,1,0,3925.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.3,0.8,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1240.08,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.7,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,0.0,0.3,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,16.1,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.6,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,0.7,1,current,BAK,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.4,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,student,2.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,1.9,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,0.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,285.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,18.4,32.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,2.6,3.8,1,savings,First National Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.1,4.4,1,current,GTBank,1,0,165.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.9,2.2,1,current,GCB,2,0,581.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,salary_account,Sonibank,1,0,546.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,unemployed,52.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.2,3.8,1,current,FNB,1,0,577.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,4.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.6,1,current,Equity Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,8.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,12.0,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,7.9,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,758.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,student,2.7,1.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,747.46,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.3,45.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,26.4,4.4,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,1433.71,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,19.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,1.2,1,current,First Bank,2,0,1090.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,746.05,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.2,1.5,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,1265.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,51.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,12.7,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,67,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,8.3,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1460.84,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,2.8,1,salary_account,DFCU,0,14,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,11.1,0.9,1,current,BAK,3,0,2237.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.8,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,38.5,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,12.8,1.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,370.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,none,student,3.2,0.2,1,savings,Absa,3,0,380.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,1.4,1,savings,Sonibank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,4.3,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,2.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,24.9,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.8,1.1,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,855.34,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,14.3,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,26.2,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,student,20.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.8,2.0,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.2,1.2,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,1183.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,27.2,1.2,1,savings,Fidelity,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,21.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,40.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,3,0,976.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.6,2.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2344.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.3,35.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,723.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,0.5,1,savings,First National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,1.7,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,2738.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,474.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,22.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.5,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,17.6,42.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,1.7,1,savings,Absa,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,57,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,4.6,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1620.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,18.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,20.9,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,12.8,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,1.4,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,133.29,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,2545.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,33.6,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,self_employed,19.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,325.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,student,3.4,0.4,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,463.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.4,11.1,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,518.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,1.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,64,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,74,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.8,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,841.71,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,48.1,16.5,1,current,Standard Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,306.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.1,23.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,426.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,13.7,1.9,1,savings,Absa,0,9,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,0.5,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,2.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,165.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.7,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,4.2,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,19.7,20.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1083.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,0.8,21.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,29.1,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,51.5,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,62,55+,middle,none,self_employed,8.1,1.9,1,current,NBS Bank,3,0,562.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,5.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,none,unemployed,13.4,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,14.6,43.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.4,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.7,32.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,4.3,1,savings,FBNBank,2,0,800.51,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.8,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,none,student,3.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,28.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,9.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.8,8.3,1,salary_account,GTBank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.7,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,student,5.5,0.8,1,salary_account,Société Générale,2,0,1486.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,student,33.5,25.5,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,1,0,561.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.8,1,savings,BHS,2,0,1129.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,67,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,27.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,61,55+,middle,none,unemployed,41.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,3545.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,2.9,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.6,4.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,411.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,49.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,2.4,1,current,Absa,2,0,445.79,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,46.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.2,6.3,1,savings,FNB,1,0,536.25,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.7,0.2,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1621.65,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,8.9,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,1096.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.9,1,current,BMCD,1,0,447.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,16.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.6,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,311.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,student,24.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.0,1.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,46.6,18.2,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,3821.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.2,1,salary_account,FNB,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,405.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,0.4,1.3,1,savings,FNB,3,0,616.64,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.6,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,3.6,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,255.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,9.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.4,19.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,1567.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,12.6,2.0,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,1684.04,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,90.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,519.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.7,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,12.0,1,current,Orabank,2,0,135.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.2,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,78.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,28.1,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,11.2,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,none,student,4.6,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1578.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.7,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.9,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.7,0.3,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,1712.74,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,student,31.6,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,22.2,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.3,1,savings,UBA,1,0,2677.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,1.7,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,353.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,41.5,3.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,873.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,14.5,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.0,2.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,199.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,1.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,student,38.2,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,8.7,3.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,554.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,3.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,779.25,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,1.7,1,current,BDM,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.9,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,307.05,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,second,none,student,3.5,0.5,1,savings,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,9.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,1.1,1,current,Absa,4,0,849.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,21.6,0.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,894.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,22.4,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.6,10.7,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,170.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,46.3,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,17.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.7,0.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,439.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,student,18.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,5.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,3.5,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,464.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,9.7,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.6,24.6,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,899.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.0,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,17.7,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,9.0,1.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,7.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,4,0,994.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.9,1.1,1,current,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,42.8,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,19.8,12.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,57.65,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.5,0.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,409.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,student,1.6,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.6,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,677.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,33.07,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,11.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,2.2,1,savings,First Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,1.1,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,1094.86,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,13.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,0.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.6,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.5,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,2439.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,67,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,13.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.7,1,savings,First National Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,59,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.6,1,salary_account,Orabank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,3.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.0,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,self_employed,36.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.3,10.2,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,793.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,3.3,1,current,Equity Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,12.9,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,2.5,3.7,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,1,0,4149.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,5.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.0,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,530.98,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,63,55+,middle,none,self_employed,4.3,2.1,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,709.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.2,0.8,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,434.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.0,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,2863.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,14.3,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,42.2,14.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,399.16,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,2.7,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,348.67,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,4.8,7.6,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,3,0,4112.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.1,4.3,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,107.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,38.5,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,22.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.0,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,200.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.6,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,665.35,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1330.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.5,0.6,1,current,Orabank,1,0,939.29,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,58,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,0.1,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,651.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,1,current,BCI,2,0,5044.04,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.7,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,156.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,27.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,1.6,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,599.41,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,32.4,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,405.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.4,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,1,0,199.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,2.2,1,savings,KCB,1,0,2254.48,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,23.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,22.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,1.9,0.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,425.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,62.7,0.4,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,3366.07,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,6.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,2.5,1,current,Orabank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,16.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,student,1.8,1.5,1,savings,BHS,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,8.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.0,0.3,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,69.25,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,18.7,60.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,904.02,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.9,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,9.6,4.4,1,salary_account,Nedbank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,17.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.8,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,700.18,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,14.7,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.6,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,68,55+,second,none,unemployed,8.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,23.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,1.1,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,530.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.2,1.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,511.77,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,19.8,8.6,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,157.23,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.3,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,16.8,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,0.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,13.7,0.1,1,savings,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.8,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,497.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.4,1.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,162.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,2.3,6.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,417.52,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,837.32,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.0,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,3091.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.9,2.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,1.0,1,current,KCB,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,8.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,12.3,2.5,1,current,GTBank,2,0,2708.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,6.8,6.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,188.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,1.1,1.1,1,current,Centenary,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.9,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,308.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,4.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,958.99,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.6,2.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,469.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,58,55+,highest,tertiary,student,4.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.2,42.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,student,0.3,2.0,1,savings,BHS,2,0,204.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,10.7,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,236.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.2,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,second,none,student,0.8,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,123.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.3,30.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.3,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.2,1,savings,FBNBank,2,0,474.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.9,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,15.7,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,76.2,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,146.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,27.4,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.4,11.3,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,291.52,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.0,1,savings,UBA,2,0,1893.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,32.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,2.4,1,current,KCB,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.5,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,2695.25,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.3,1.3,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,119.6,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,4.3,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,3.6,0.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,410.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,118.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,72.68,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.9,0.3,1,current,BMCD,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,16.9,1,savings,CBAO,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.9,18.4,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,513.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.7,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.8,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,1,savings,KCB,4,0,817.94,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.9,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,3131.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.3,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,83.85,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,30.5,4.7,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,249.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,6.9,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.5,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,5901.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.1,0.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,324.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.8,10.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,268.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.0,2.8,1,current,GTBank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.4,0.5,1,savings,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,none,student,6.0,11.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,12.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,student,37.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,student,5.1,1.5,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1359.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.5,43.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,64,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,47.7,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Rawbank,3,0,472.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.6,3.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,1.0,0.5,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,3,0,224.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,71,55+,highest,none,self_employed,13.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,65.3,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,64,55+,second,none,employed_informal,3.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,101.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,33.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,16.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,74,55+,middle,none,unemployed,25.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.0,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,510.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,student,7.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,24.5,3.7,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,27.9,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,25.7,4.8,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,853.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,12.9,2.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,167.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,21.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,24.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,none,student,4.7,0.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1287.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,13.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,1.9,1,salary_account,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.3,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.5,3.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,286.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,15.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,0.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1991.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.7,1,savings,BHS,4,0,4046.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.5,1,current,Nedbank,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.4,6.5,1,salary_account,FNB,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,233.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.2,1.8,1,savings,KCB,1,0,237.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,18.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,20.8,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,19.6,12.9,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,3521.47,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.1,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,3.9,1,current,BCDC,1,0,1540.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,3.7,1,savings,DFCU,4,0,5451.91,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,10.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.1,3.2,1,current,BAK,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,6.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,28.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,68,55+,highest,none,self_employed,0.3,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,0.2,2.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,317.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,0.7,1,savings,UBA,4,0,33.86,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,44.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,36.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,14.7,0.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1214.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,32.7,6.0,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,155.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,14.6,0.9,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,497.94,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.3,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,12.6,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,920.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,23.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.0,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,17.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,7.6,22.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.0,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,289.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,2.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.6,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.3,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,2976.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,3.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,45.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,19.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,19.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,73,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,student,2.6,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.9,5.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1043.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.4,1.1,1,salary_account,NMB,2,0,5151.96,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,2.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,236.62,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,student,6.4,1.7,1,savings,BHS,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,49.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,41.6,16.9,1,savings,NMB,3,0,2383.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,1045.25,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,9.1,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.7,4.7,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,939.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,12.9,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,21.0,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,1.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,1.3,1.2,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,126.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.8,1.9,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,1266.67,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.2,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,0.9,1,current,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,12.1,18.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,349.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.6,4.6,1,savings,GTBank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,28.3,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,5.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,250.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,2.4,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,984.28,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,23.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,2.7,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,1003.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,49.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,11.5,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,39.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,6.0,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,60.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,10.5,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,18.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,18.8,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,45.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,343.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.6,0.2,1,current,Coris Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.0,2.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,32.7,6.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,196.53,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.3,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,8.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,8.3,10.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2698.02,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,15.5,16.7,1,savings,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,27.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,22.5,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.1,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.4,1,current,CRDB,1,0,908.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,0.9,3.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,254.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,0.1,1,savings,BMCD,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,none,student,7.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,29.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,68,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.1,1.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.4,5.1,1,fixed_deposit,BAK,2,0,374.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,3.1,3.8,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,268.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.1,1.2,1,current,BMCD,2,0,110.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.0,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,3.0,1,savings,NMB,3,0,301.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,2.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,2.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,122.98,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,39.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,0.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,5525.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,4.0,20.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,4.7,2.8,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.7,5.8,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,131.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,33.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.2,6.9,1,savings,Orabank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.8,5.4,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.3,6.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,13.5,1.3,1,current,FNB,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,1.1,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,2042.15,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.3,0.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,73.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,student,3.1,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,73,55+,highest,primary,student,27.4,20.3,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,6315.41,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,7.2,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,223.71,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.6,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,student,0.2,1.2,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,26.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,4.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,18.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,2.3,1,savings,GTBank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,1.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,86.56,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.6,1,savings,NMB,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.6,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,97.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,20.9,2.8,1,current,BMCD,1,0,3196.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,1593.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1602.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,70,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,student,2.4,0.9,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,1678.87,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,4.9,1,current,Orabank,3,0,587.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,6.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,17.6,13.0,1,current,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,10.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,180.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,6.9,1.9,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,784.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.1,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,3249.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,68,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Centenary,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.7,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.6,0.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,223.16,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,student,25.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,43.0,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,15.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,67,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,9.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,21.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,2.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,30.4,28.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,14.5,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,583.65,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,10.2,20.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.7,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.3,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.1,7.3,1,savings,KCB,1,0,459.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.4,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.5,1.2,1,current,BAK,1,0,1253.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,16.4,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,4521.05,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,72,55+,highest,none,self_employed,2.1,0.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,79.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,17.1,9.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,1293.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.0,5.8,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,154.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,22.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,6.3,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,student,29.8,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,6.7,14.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,159.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,2,0,609.04,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,29.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.8,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,1,0,593.04,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,6.6,2.3,1,savings,KCB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,3.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,60,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,10.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,14.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,35.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,3,0,87.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.9,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,8.2,1.1,1,current,GTBank,4,0,2195.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,8.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,18.1,2.0,1,current,KCB,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,6.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,3.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,771.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,70,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,11.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.4,11.9,1,savings,CRDB,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,15.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,student,3.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,4.1,1.3,1,salary_account,Zanaco,3,0,774.86,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.2,0.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.1,12.2,1,salary_account,BAK,1,0,421.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.3,1,salary_account,GTBank,3,0,2060.56,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.7,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,9.5,0.3,1,current,Coris Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,student,22.5,20.2,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,857.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,4.4,2.2,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,1441.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,6.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,10.3,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,527.13,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,3.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,student,1.8,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,17.0,28.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,0.4,3.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,4.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,144.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,6.6,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.8,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,593.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,30.0,0.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,238.24,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,36.6,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,15.9,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,51.8,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,3,0,464.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,714.62,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.9,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,6.1,3.0,1,savings,BAK,3,0,609.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.5,1.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1632.91,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,3.8,39.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,23.0,4.1,1,savings,NMB,2,0,1390.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,16.2,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,506.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,17.9,7.2,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,1019.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.0,0.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,10075.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,358.92,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,15.4,6.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,1154.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.4,6.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,365.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,9.9,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,2.0,1,savings,KCB,2,0,320.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.4,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,12.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,2.7,0.6,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,15.7,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,13.6,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,17.6,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,5.1,37.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,50.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.1,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,9625.54,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,17.7,3.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,student,45.4,0.7,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,1102.08,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,16.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,27.2,2.7,1,current,FNB,1,0,119.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,20.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,0.8,1,savings,BHS,2,0,370.18,none,1,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,46.2,17.5,1,current,Absa,3,0,2328.95,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,2190.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,student,21.6,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,21.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,unemployed,4.7,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,student,11.4,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.3,5.3,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,220.11,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,43.7,39.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,32.0,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,399.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,32.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.6,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.6,0.0,1,current,Absa,4,0,187.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,17.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.4,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,110.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,2.8,1,current,Capitec,3,0,1745.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,40.9,0.8,1,current,Nedbank,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,3.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2581.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,2.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,90.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,53.3,7.7,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,0.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,student,4.1,3.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,293.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,student,5.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,30.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.5,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,student,1.7,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,37.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,30.5,0.1,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,610.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.5,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,11.8,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,4.5,1.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,368.89,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,57,55+,highest,primary,student,9.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,24.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,63,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,second,primary,student,7.9,4.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,798.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,59,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,4.1,0.3,1,current,BCI,3,0,468.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,17.1,7.6,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,1590.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.0,1.1,1,salary_account,GCB,2,0,10320.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,38.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,386.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,17.9,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,234.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,1,savings,GCB,4,0,296.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,18.9,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,7.2,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,13.9,1,current,DFCU,2,0,575.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,16.1,15.5,1,savings,Nedbank,0,23,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,student,56.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,student,10.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.5,13.9,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,1311.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,20.2,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,unemployed,29.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,1.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.7,1.9,1,salary_account,GTBank,1,0,6667.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,39.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,27.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1673.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.0,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,3.9,1,savings,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,4.3,2.1,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1104.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,2,0,602.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,1.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,1.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,774.18,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,5.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.3,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,2.5,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.7,4.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,770.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,65,55+,middle,primary,student,2.4,0.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,505.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,74,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,2.6,0.5,1,current,Capitec,1,0,428.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,6.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.4,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.3,4.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,360.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,5.3,5.2,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,528.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,3.3,1,salary_account,First National Bank,1,0,44.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,45.7,9.0,1,savings,CBAO,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,25.1,1.9,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,2469.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,34.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,26.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,10.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,1.2,1,savings,FNB,2,0,847.24,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,25.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,68,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.6,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,4.9,8.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,129.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.0,5.2,1,current,NCBA,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,0.5,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,1127.46,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,10.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,self_employed,16.4,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,12.2,2.4,1,salary_account,National Bank,1,0,2232.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,student,38.7,7.5,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,113.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,43.7,26.6,1,current,FNB,1,0,134.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,4,0,166.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,8.4,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.0,1,current,Access Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,17.1,28.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,17.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,295.1,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,6.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,0.2,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,585.52,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.1,9.7,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,647.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,2.5,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,3,0,141.88,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,9.4,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,33.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,19.1,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.8,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1139.76,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.6,1,savings,Zanaco,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.0,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.0,1.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,24.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,0.0,0.6,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,2,0,1859.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.9,4.8,1,savings,BHS,3,0,893.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.0,0.3,1,savings,BHS,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,3.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,1.0,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,1898.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,68,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,8.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,2.4,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,2573.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,13.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.2,9.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.0,2.5,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,85.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,1.7,1,savings,GCB,2,0,123.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,2.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,739.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,63,55+,highest,none,unemployed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,2482.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,19.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.4,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,1,0,173.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.4,5.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.4,15.3,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,714.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,291.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,30.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,20.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,7.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,26.7,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,40.9,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,195.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,33.2,1.0,1,salary_account,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,12.0,4.7,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,836.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,2.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,1.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,1.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,5079.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,2254.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,3.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,student,4.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,22.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,3.3,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,student,2.4,0.6,1,current,NBS Bank,4,0,104.39,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,34.4,31.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.4,24.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.9,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,5824.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,7.8,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,23.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,71,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.8,0.5,1,current,UBA,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,8.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.7,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,102.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,929.3,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,21.0,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,61,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,3.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,19.3,7.6,1,savings,DFCU,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,0.2,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,362.39,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,1.5,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,511.08,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,12.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,16.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,second,none,student,0.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,11.8,3.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,student,5.8,0.0,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,393.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.6,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,0.7,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.8,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,9.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.8,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,1045.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,73,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,3.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1640.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,BCI,2,0,128.58,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.0,24.8,1,current,NBC,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,6.6,1,current,BHS,1,0,2160.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.3,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,154.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,3.8,1,current,GCB,1,0,699.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,9.9,0.1,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,461.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,22.4,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,12.2,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,19.8,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,143.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,student,8.3,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.8,1.6,1,savings,NMB,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,46.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,9.0,0.6,1,savings,FNB,1,0,932.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.2,1.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,984.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.5,0.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,21.1,3.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,1836.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,student,14.7,3.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,469.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,8.7,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,558.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,none,student,5.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,71,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.6,1,salary_account,First National Bank,2,0,987.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,19.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.2,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2483.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.9,1.3,1,savings,BDM,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,student,10.3,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.1,1,savings,NBC,2,0,412.18,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,8.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,25.0,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.5,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,18.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.1,1,savings,FNB,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.9,10.3,1,savings,GCB,1,0,70.25,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,8.6,1,salary_account,BDM,2,0,3065.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,27.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,5.8,1,salary_account,Nedbank,2,0,2195.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,25.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,23.6,22.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,443.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,22.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,65,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,self_employed,14.5,2.9,1,current,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,4.4,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,2822.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,2.1,1,savings,Capitec,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,33.2,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,5.8,8.4,1,savings,Absa,4,0,1120.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,5.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,996.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.5,3.6,1,current,I&M Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.7,1,current,First Bank,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,9.8,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,24.0,12.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,198.63,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,7.8,4.3,1,savings,BAK,2,0,1792.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,0.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.4,1,salary_account,Sonibank,2,0,3666.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,14.9,28.9,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,439.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.5,1,savings,NMB,1,0,276.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,4.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,24.1,7.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,56,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.5,15.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1188.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,14.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,52.9,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.4,4.3,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,2853.86,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.5,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,380.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,1.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,397.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,8.0,8.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,1075.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,35.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,21.9,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,33.5,36.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,8.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,534.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,518.63,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,63,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,60,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,8.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,none,student,3.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,2.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,498.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,3.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,28.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,18.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.1,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,11.4,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,1,0,2703.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,3.5,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,86.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.1,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,391.56,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,student,2.8,1.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,3481.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.9,0.1,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1050.98,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,71,55+,second,none,employed_informal,10.0,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.3,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.0,3.1,1,current,Absa,2,0,272.89,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,student,7.3,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,2,0,203.87,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,3.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,2.6,4.4,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,840.71,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,9.3,21.3,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1675.43,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,0.8,1,current,KCB,1,0,708.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,8.1,0.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,406.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.3,1.7,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,115.29,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.6,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,611.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,6.6,0.6,1,savings,BCI,2,0,2238.28,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,5.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,3.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.5,4.3,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.8,3.0,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,2777.72,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,443.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,32.5,7.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.6,3.2,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,127.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,second,primary,student,0.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,17.8,5.7,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,650.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.7,8.9,1,savings,GCB,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,4.2,2.0,1,current,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.2,3.2,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,1,0,232.68,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,58.1,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,2.9,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,22.65,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,0.9,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,1,0,733.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,4.3,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,97.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.1,5.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,4958.35,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,18.5,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,135.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.4,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,18.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,7.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,14.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.5,1.0,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,387.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,27.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,5.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,73,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,20.2,0.2,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,1786.95,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.8,1,current,NBC,2,0,374.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,second,none,student,2.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,3.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,164.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.0,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,4.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.9,1.4,1,current,CBAO,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.5,0.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,2372.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,12.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,3.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,none,student,8.1,4.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,301.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,21.2,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,35.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,0.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.8,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,4.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,3.4,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,1021.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,5.4,18.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,344.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,14.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,26.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,45.4,20.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,20.4,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,6.3,1,current,Capitec,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,1,salary_account,Absa,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,0.2,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,1543.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.4,0.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,312.65,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,1.2,7.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,1358.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,1.6,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,659.5,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,54.0,6.6,1,current,Absa,3,0,671.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,16.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,5.1,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,229.97,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,127.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.7,26.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,12.1,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,7.4,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,361.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,21.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,1.9,0.5,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,888.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.7,1.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,4.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,10.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,36.4,1.7,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,487.07,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,6.5,2.5,1,savings,Zanaco,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,62,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,19.8,3.8,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1144.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,70,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,none,self_employed,4.1,6.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,43.65,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,25.4,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.0,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,student,1.3,6.3,1,current,Société Générale,4,0,704.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,22.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,21.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,35.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.4,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,26.0,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,312.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,4,0,827.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,14.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,6.8,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,68.9,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.2,1,current,UBA,1,0,179.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.5,33.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,52.3,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,CRDB,2,0,3105.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,31.6,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.1,11.7,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,1,0,573.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.9,1.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,579.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,second,primary,student,27.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,5.5,9.4,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,751.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.8,1.2,1,current,Orabank,4,0,95.24,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.9,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,3.6,1,savings,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.7,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,48.4,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,729.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,38.4,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,none,student,10.9,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1181.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,29.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.3,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,student,8.9,1.6,1,salary_account,NCBA,2,0,2777.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,18.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.3,0.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,40.2,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,12.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.3,14.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,452.85,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,0.9,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,1748.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,9.0,10.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,14.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,780.55,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.8,0.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,98.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1111.09,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,22.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.5,0.5,1,current,GCB,2,0,149.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,0.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,2.0,0.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,1649.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.4,1.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,838.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,salary_account,Société Générale,4,0,3546.39,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,5.3,12.6,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,1307.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,37.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.4,0.0,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,3,0,439.64,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,0.6,1,savings,BDM,1,0,4206.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,1,0,456.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,10.5,2.8,1,savings,First Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,8.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.2,8.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,151.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,4.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,2.6,1,savings,CRDB,3,0,2711.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.4,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,4961.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.0,2.5,1,current,BAK,1,0,975.64,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,8.8,1,savings,UBA,2,0,2490.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,none,student,4.2,6.4,1,current,FBNBank,3,0,418.37,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,3,0,3677.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,5.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,678.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,17.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,62.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,592.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,14.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,1.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,59,55+,highest,none,student,1.0,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,2,0,480.05,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,14.7,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,1.3,1.7,1,savings,Sonibank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,8.2,1,savings,BHS,3,0,812.51,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,59,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,1.4,1,salary_account,BDM,1,0,1208.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,59.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,86.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,57.34,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.9,33.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,1.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.7,0.9,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1046.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,64.8,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,318.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,38.9,21.4,1,current,Absa,1,0,1362.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,58,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,64,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,1.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,6.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,7.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,61,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,10.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,student,8.4,7.2,1,current,BMCD,3,0,600.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,4.7,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.4,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,11.7,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,8.5,1,savings,Access Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.4,1.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,498.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,29.7,15.9,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,2631.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,20.4,45.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.9,19.2,1,current,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.6,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,118.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.1,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.1,3.6,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,364.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.1,0.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1335.17,none,1,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,student,3.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,274.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.3,0.4,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,1713.07,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.5,0.7,1,current,BHS,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.4,1.5,1,savings,BDM,4,0,2480.4,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,5.2,3.6,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,2,0,221.91,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,4.9,1,savings,First National Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,2.1,1.0,1,current,Absa,1,0,277.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,16.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,21.1,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,325.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.4,9.7,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,1815.37,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,25.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,34.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,0.3,22.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,100.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,13.7,23.5,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,710.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.2,12.9,1,current,BCDC,4,0,590.42,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,12.7,10.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,student,1.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.8,3.3,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,1005.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.0,3.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,65.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,4.0,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1297.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,22.3,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,11.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.6,15.8,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,703.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,15.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,10.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,62,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.4,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,student,0.2,0.7,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,210.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.9,0.7,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2787.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,2,0,393.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,student,3.4,3.7,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,67,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.9,30.8,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,264.25,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,student,37.9,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,1.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,7.0,9.4,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,186.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.2,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.7,0.6,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,125.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,10.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,2.5,0.7,1,savings,FNB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,69,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,981.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,54.4,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.0,0.2,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,130.43,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,296.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,17.0,2.1,1,current,Société Générale,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,1.2,1,current,BAK,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.1,8.9,1,current,BMCD,1,0,6931.31,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,68,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.4,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,2,0,611.21,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.1,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.3,2.8,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,294.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,2.4,1,savings,NMB,1,0,171.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,6.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,2299.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,69,55+,highest,primary,student,6.1,1.5,1,current,CBAO,2,0,746.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.0,1.2,1,savings,BHS,4,0,5269.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,9.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.3,1.7,1,current,BHS,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,0.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,6.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,2,0,619.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,22.8,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,13.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,75.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.0,8.4,1,current,BCDC,2,0,443.15,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,1,savings,BHS,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,15.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,64,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,none,student,7.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,9.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,1.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,1719.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,1,0,82.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,student,19.7,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.7,1,current,BAK,1,0,1259.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,4.6,15.6,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,211.69,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.4,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.1,0.1,1,savings,NMB,1,0,384.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,student,9.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.7,0.9,1,current,UBA,3,0,386.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,10.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,26.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,28.0,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.8,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,6.2,1.5,1,current,Capitec,3,0,897.69,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,63,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,22.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,69,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,20.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.6,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,10.7,0.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,881.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,19.8,11.8,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,110.79,none,1,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,student,7.6,10.1,1,current,National Bank,3,0,317.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,3.1,14.0,1,savings,Sonibank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,565.25,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,26.6,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.3,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1668.1,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,unemployed,4.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.7,4.2,1,current,BCDC,1,0,392.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,3.2,1,savings,DFCU,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,student,7.6,10.7,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,1156.62,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,student,56.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,36.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,41.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,4.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,12.2,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.4,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,224.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,student,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,365.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.5,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,60,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.8,1.3,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,508.17,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,1.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.3,0.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,231.62,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.8,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,31.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,0.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,1,0,479.7,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.3,3.1,1,current,KCB,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.2,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,15.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,34.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,2.9,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,621.88,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.1,1,current,BCDC,1,0,688.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,26.7,19.6,1,current,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,7.5,1.5,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1094.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,6.5,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,459.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.8,0.4,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,461.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,none,student,1.5,0.1,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,5114.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,student,0.7,23.0,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,405.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.0,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,77.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,25.8,18.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,53.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,0.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,12144.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.0,3.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,1509.56,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,0.3,1,savings,BDM,1,0,555.88,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,389.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,68.1,1.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,601.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,student,20.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,5.6,9.6,1,savings,Nedbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,0.9,1,salary_account,Zanaco,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,16.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.6,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,260.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,2.1,1,savings,BCI,2,0,83.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.2,0.7,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,369.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,7.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,32.5,20.7,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,167.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.3,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,1944.3,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,4.2,1,savings,Absa,1,0,213.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,404.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,21.4,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.9,2.9,1,current,GTBank,2,0,184.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,18.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,491.97,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.1,1,salary_account,Capitec,4,0,236.76,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,23.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,6.4,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,6.4,17.0,1,savings,BAK,2,0,319.58,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,student,11.6,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,9.4,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,278.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.2,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,15.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,1,current,Absa,1,0,250.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,27.7,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,22.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.9,1,savings,First Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,13.9,3.4,1,savings,Orabank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,68.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,2.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,101.21,none,1,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.2,7.2,1,savings,National Bank,4,0,918.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,1.9,1,current,Nedbank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,27.5,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,44.3,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,student,3.1,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,70,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.0,8.2,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,736.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,8.5,2.3,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,12528.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,72,55+,second,none,student,19.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,16.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,none,employed_informal,6.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.1,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,13.5,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,541.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,7.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,667.95,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.4,1.9,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,81.66,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,29.9,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,15.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.3,2.7,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,425.01,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,20.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,16.0,6.7,1,savings,Société Générale,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,10.2,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,8.0,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,26.3,0.4,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.7,1,savings,FNB,2,0,203.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,22.6,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,student,8.5,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,9.3,1.0,1,current,DFCU,4,0,356.91,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,student,3.4,18.0,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,204.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,14.6,5.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,665.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,38.7,29.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,21.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,22.3,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,1.4,13.4,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,7.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,student,3.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,17.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,2.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,252.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,1.3,3.0,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,5721.73,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,9.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,45.5,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,5.3,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.3,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,465.02,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,2.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,108.28,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,student,3.3,0.8,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,561.5,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,10.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,5.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.9,3.5,1,current,CRDB,2,0,1909.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,4.1,5.6,1,savings,BMCD,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,61,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,14.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,primary,student,4.7,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,student,13.6,23.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,2.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,18.8,7.1,1,savings,BDM,2,0,1812.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,45.1,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,171.44,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,36.8,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,41.1,27.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,390.75,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,25.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.4,2.7,1,current,KCB,4,0,70.66,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.8,1.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,464.12,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.6,0.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,124.87,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,3.8,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,33.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,13.1,3.0,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,246.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,4.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,1,0,175.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,48.8,36.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.4,7.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,457.44,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,67,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,second,none,unemployed,30.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,student,19.5,0.0,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,97.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.5,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,60,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,6.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,5.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,1522.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.2,2.3,1,savings,BCI,1,0,2231.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,51.8,9.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,3197.57,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,0.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.6,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,19.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,16.6,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,0.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,73.7,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.9,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,49.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.1,1,savings,UBA,3,0,569.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,73,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,2.2,1,savings,BCI,2,0,1252.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,15.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,24.7,18.8,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,3.8,7.4,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,1,0,811.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,10.7,17.2,1,current,NBC,3,0,78.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.0,0.4,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,766.57,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,53.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,16.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,19.2,2.4,1,savings,Centenary,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,student,1.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,17.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,45.1,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.4,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,19.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.9,4.0,1,salary_account,DFCU,4,0,992.55,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.8,1,current,NMB,3,0,749.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.4,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,460.74,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,20.8,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,46.9,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,20.6,22.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,student,2.0,0.9,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,494.31,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,1,current,BAK,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,12.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.9,1,savings,BCI,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,student,8.4,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,3.3,1,savings,KCB,3,0,32.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.6,1.5,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,293.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,29.6,9.7,1,current,First Bank,2,0,247.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,student,7.3,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,19.4,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,15.1,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,student,16.9,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,32.1,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,2,0,236.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.2,0.4,1,savings,First National Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,11.0,34.7,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,2538.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,6.6,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,361.84,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,16.0,1.7,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,1639.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.6,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,42.2,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,33.1,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,2.2,1,savings,BDM,1,0,649.27,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,2,0,453.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.6,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.0,10.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1470.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,24.7,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,3.2,3.4,1,savings,First National Bank,3,0,547.02,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,none,student,0.6,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,2153.6,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1342.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.0,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,3,0,1060.69,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,8.8,0.6,1,current,Nedbank,0,23,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.0,12.0,1,savings,FNB,2,0,298.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,4.8,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,4,0,330.9,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,56,55+,second,none,student,2.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,second,none,student,13.5,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,44.8,12.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.5,0.0,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,703.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,35.2,1.2,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,245.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,2.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,70,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.7,1.8,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,662.21,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.7,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.7,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,student,15.6,0.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,1019.2,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.6,1.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,688.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,8.7,17.4,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,20.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.8,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,2.8,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,5688.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,21.8,4.0,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,252.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,8.1,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,7.8,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,397.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,2.3,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,63.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,0.5,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,639.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,62,55+,highest,none,self_employed,14.0,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.0,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,1.2,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,819.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,11.3,1,savings,KCB,4,0,767.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,50.1,11.9,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,773.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,12.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,17.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,6.0,2.2,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,1.6,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,840.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.8,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.0,22.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,4.4,1,current,BCI,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,13.3,21.2,1,savings,BCI,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,3.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,56,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,38.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.0,1,salary_account,FNB,3,0,691.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,27.2,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,41.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.3,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.1,21.1,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,357.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,22.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,44.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,10.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.4,2.7,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,1,0,950.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,50.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.4,1.0,1,salary_account,FBNBank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,27.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,69,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,2.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,21.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,2,0,346.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,5.4,11.2,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,150.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.7,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,28.6,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.9,5.4,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,928.24,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,2.1,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,1327.51,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,1,current,NMB,2,0,2959.39,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,10.8,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,9.8,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,97.1,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,0.1,2.7,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,230.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1953.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,24.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,50.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,1.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.0,17.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,309.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,0.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,1569.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,65.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,37.3,14.4,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,129.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,16.1,9.3,1,salary_account,UBA,2,0,307.22,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,14.0,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.1,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.5,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,0.4,5.9,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,2749.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.1,32.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.4,4.1,1,current,Centenary,2,0,601.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.0,0.7,1,current,Capitec,2,0,202.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.1,1,current,BAK,2,0,359.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.6,2.3,1,current,Absa,1,0,71.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.5,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.8,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,73,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,1799.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,53.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1429.32,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,14.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,34.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,46.8,7.1,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1675.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,0.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,21.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,11.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,57,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,3.0,3.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,4202.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,student,11.6,10.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,745.76,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.7,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,11.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,27.2,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,16.7,4.7,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1952.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,2.6,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,242.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.4,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,1,0,390.19,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.3,3.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,292.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,11.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,58.3,19.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.2,1.4,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,708.29,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,5.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,161.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,23.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.1,2.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1407.16,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.9,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,1,0,836.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,19.3,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,80.6,2.6,1,current,KCB,1,0,1954.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,31.0,8.7,1,savings,UBA,2,0,577.31,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.8,1.2,1,salary_account,First National Bank,1,0,278.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,13.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.7,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,752.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.8,1,salary_account,BCI,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,0.1,1,savings,BHS,1,0,162.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,11.3,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,10.9,13.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,395.87,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.2,16.1,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,184.95,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.1,15.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,2133.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.0,2.2,1,current,CBAO,4,0,281.5,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,34.8,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.0,9.7,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,418.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,10.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,19.9,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.8,0.4,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,51.7,7.2,1,salary_account,Fidelity,2,0,10410.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,student,25.3,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.5,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,7.4,1,current,UBA,3,0,1293.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,16.9,15.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,44.3,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,student,11.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,15.7,41.4,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,3,0,131.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,378.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,2,0,1285.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,10.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.0,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,student,4.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,student,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,33.7,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,15.9,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,1.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,311.09,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,6.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,17.2,25.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,25.2,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,student,57.4,25.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,22.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,second,none,unemployed,7.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1570.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,27.0,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,437.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.8,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1132.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,13.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,16.1,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,18.0,1,salary_account,DFCU,1,0,402.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.2,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.7,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,15.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,13.9,5.4,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,237.03,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,11.5,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,4218.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,59,55+,second,primary,unemployed,10.5,11.3,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,248.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,22.3,0.9,1,savings,Absa,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,64,55+,middle,none,student,6.8,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,22.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,9.7,16.4,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,489.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,33.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.1,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,59.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,131.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,14.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,7.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,1.0,1,salary_account,BHS,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,student,3.8,3.1,1,savings,KCB,1,0,760.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,19.6,14.6,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,218.24,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,29.8,3.4,1,current,UBA,2,0,1563.57,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,student,6.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.5,1.9,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,552.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.3,2.4,1,current,DFCU,1,0,1031.16,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,0.8,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.8,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,74,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.7,2.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1059.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,9.1,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,student,1.4,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,1780.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,48.5,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,7.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,student,2.0,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,9.2,0.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,2.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,23.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,1.3,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1183.91,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,30.9,4.4,1,savings,FNB,4,0,5108.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.2,2.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,350.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,33.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,157.44,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,9.4,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,2,0,333.37,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,68,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,student,48.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,1273.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,55.2,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.3,1,savings,UBA,4,0,476.04,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,7.7,16.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,14.4,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,1,0,236.26,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.9,4.7,1,savings,First Bank,3,0,1291.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.0,14.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,1136.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,0.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,8.6,9.6,1,savings,FNB,2,0,308.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,25.5,4.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.1,10.8,1,savings,BDM,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,473.1,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.7,2.2,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,431.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,51.4,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.1,9.0,1,savings,BAK,1,0,1639.7,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,1.3,1,current,Rawbank,3,0,86.97,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,38.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.0,1.0,1,savings,UBA,3,0,944.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,15.3,18.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,412.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,1.8,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,679.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.0,0.9,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,796.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,22.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.9,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,62,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.6,5.3,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,1049.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.6,3.7,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,1066.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.1,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,30.0,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.5,2.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,832.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,21.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.3,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,132.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,37.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,64.6,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,34.63,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,0.9,1.0,1,savings,UBA,1,0,1480.37,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,17.5,37.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,11.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,second,none,unemployed,4.6,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,74,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,student,2.4,1.0,1,savings,UBA,3,0,312.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.0,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,none,unemployed,0.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,24.0,22.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,22.9,36.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,579.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,20.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,20.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,178.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.6,0.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,2552.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,3820.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.9,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,4.9,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,2444.23,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,40.1,19.4,1,savings,FNB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,9.7,1.6,1,savings,FNB,3,0,1037.88,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.1,1.0,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,196.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.8,1,savings,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,17.3,25.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.1,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,18.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,student,30.8,7.8,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,11.4,0.8,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,423.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,32.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,14.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,26.2,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.2,1,current,Zanaco,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.4,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,2411.62,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,30.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,5.9,11.6,1,current,NMB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,22.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,3594.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,72,55+,highest,none,self_employed,0.0,1.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,12891.43,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.1,1,current,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,1.6,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,82.89,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,718.53,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,24.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.7,1.0,1,salary_account,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,10.7,9.0,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,505.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,3.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,31.1,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,student,0.9,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.9,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,none,student,4.6,10.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,427.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.4,1,savings,KCB,1,0,508.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,21.2,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,10.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.7,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2710.97,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,18.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,27.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.2,19.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,60.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,student,3.8,0.0,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,728.1,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,1.8,1,current,FNB,1,0,800.61,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,24.6,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,70,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,24.4,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.2,1,current,NCBA,2,0,168.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,61,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,12.3,0.1,1,savings,BCI,1,0,7197.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.8,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,2.4,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,71,55+,highest,none,self_employed,1.2,1.3,1,savings,UBA,1,0,808.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.8,5.3,1,current,Orabank,1,0,197.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.2,1,savings,UBA,1,0,472.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,1.1,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,9.1,1.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,412.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.1,1,savings,BHS,2,0,548.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,16.9,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,15.3,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,171.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.7,25.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,7.1,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,22.6,12.6,1,savings,KCB,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.3,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.3,1,current,FNB,1,0,29.23,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,20.6,0.7,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,165.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,72.2,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,6.8,18.9,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,329.04,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.0,0.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,19.5,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.4,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,2.2,1,savings,National Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,29.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.2,1.4,1,current,Orabank,2,0,285.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,9.4,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,8.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,10.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,41.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,67,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,15.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,63,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,6.9,3.1,1,current,GTBank,4,0,723.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,8.8,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,1766.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,259.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,62,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.1,0.3,1,savings,KCB,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,15.0,10.5,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.4,10.0,1,savings,FNB,1,0,310.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,student,3.9,4.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,367.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,26.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,1.0,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,362.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,student,23.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,4,0,1788.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,7.0,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,62,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,4.3,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,1588.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,29.9,4.9,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,527.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,11.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,1.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,21,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,11.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1059.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,69.4,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.6,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,985.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,none,self_employed,13.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,2.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,35.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,27.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.2,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,19.6,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1345.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,student,0.7,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,3.8,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,3659.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,1.6,1,current,Equity BCDC,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.9,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,7.5,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,184.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.7,1.1,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,380.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,2.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,748.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,61,55+,second,none,self_employed,31.8,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,57,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,12.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,68,55+,second,secondary,student,38.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,8.0,7.2,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,553.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,8.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,1.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,692.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,17.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,32.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.8,3.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,5.6,11.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,494.4,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,8.4,0.7,1,savings,NBC,2,0,423.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,16.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.7,11.9,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,1493.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.7,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,1479.46,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,7.1,12.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,134.77,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,employed_formal,59.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,0.4,1,salary_account,Rawbank,1,0,1524.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,63,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,25.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,844.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.5,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,student,11.3,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,25.7,1.5,1,savings,Capitec,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,7.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,5.0,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,263.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.6,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,3.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,2.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.3,14.5,1,savings,BHS,4,0,351.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,student,13.4,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,30.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.5,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,310.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,1.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,student,10.6,5.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,1354.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,12.3,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.8,1.4,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,2629.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,second,primary,student,0.5,15.0,1,savings,KCB,4,0,914.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,54.0,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,14.8,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.6,1.0,1,current,BAK,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.9,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,11.0,7.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,523.12,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,21.3,7.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,136.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.5,1,savings,BAK,2,0,373.37,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,63,55+,highest,none,self_employed,3.5,1.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,4,0,888.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,student,11.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,student,7.2,4.0,1,fixed_deposit,Orabank,1,0,3104.53,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.9,0.3,1,salary_account,Nedbank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,unemployed,25.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,12.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,13.8,2.7,1,salary_account,CBAO,3,0,1446.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,32.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.8,0.7,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,298.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,26.7,0.3,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1336.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,18.8,24.2,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,3,0,463.53,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,second,primary,student,1.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.1,1,savings,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,2.3,21.0,1,current,Société Générale,4,0,169.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.7,1,current,NMB,3,0,597.29,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.5,5.6,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,1658.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.7,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,16.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.5,0.7,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,953.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,1.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.5,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.4,0.6,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,1076.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.8,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,138.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,2.6,1,current,DFCU,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,48.7,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,44.0,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,2.5,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,768.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,16.8,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,1.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1564.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.6,1.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,355.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,19.0,17.8,1,savings,Access Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.8,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,14.0,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,28.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,16.3,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.7,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.9,0.2,1,current,Fidelity,3,0,1894.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,209.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.3,1.2,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,107.14,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,4.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3882.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,50.4,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.3,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.5,6.8,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,821.48,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.0,7.2,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,264.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,48.3,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,8.8,6.3,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,4,0,124.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,17.5,27.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,556.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.2,2.9,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,149.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,42.0,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.7,0.1,1,current,BDM,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,61,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,2.6,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,281.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,16.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.2,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,25.5,9.2,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,249.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,19.8,2.7,1,savings,BMCD,4,0,1011.71,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,5.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,4.3,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,919.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,3.0,2.7,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,888.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,student,10.8,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,22.3,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,64,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.0,1.7,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,897.41,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,none,student,9.7,1.9,1,savings,GCB,3,0,362.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.8,11.3,1,savings,First Bank,3,0,1202.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,student,15.0,5.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,2,0,58.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,7.5,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,1284.03,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,20.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.3,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,4513.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,31.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.5,4.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,346.85,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,14.1,6.4,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1953.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,80.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,6.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,10.0,1,salary_account,Sonibank,1,0,497.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.7,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,none,student,5.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,25.7,36.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,65,55+,middle,none,student,1.6,0.7,1,current,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,3.9,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.6,16.3,1,savings,BCI,2,0,288.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,none,student,6.6,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,4,0,777.23,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,12.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,208.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,17.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,31.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,40.5,17.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1484.92,none,1,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.9,4.8,1,current,NMB,1,0,37.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,50.8,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,61.8,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,3.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.9,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,5409.92,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,student,3.4,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,363.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,7.8,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,141.89,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.4,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,36.2,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,42.4,21.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,7.7,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,1.9,1,current,Absa,2,0,97.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.3,0.0,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,183.92,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,76.7,4.3,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,453.13,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.9,0.3,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,1492.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,7.6,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,11.7,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,3351.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,65,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,23.5,12.1,1,current,BHS,1,0,723.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,35.1,6.8,1,current,FNB,4,0,281.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,60.6,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,20.4,1.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,941.59,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,0.1,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,1026.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,9.8,11.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1124.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.9,3.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,62,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,6.7,4.0,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,3379.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,23.2,12.7,1,current,Absa,1,0,1426.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.1,0.6,1,salary_account,NBC,2,0,4580.94,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,11.7,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,29.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.9,7.1,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,25.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,4.1,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,316.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,21.7,8.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,2.2,1.1,1,current,Access Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,4.7,0.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,880.9,none,1,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,0.9,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2509.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,2021.77,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,44.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.6,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,543.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,4.4,3.6,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,43.8,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1117.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,23.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,24.8,7.3,1,savings,FNB,1,0,279.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,29.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,13.1,23.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,3,0,268.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,1.0,1,current,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,167.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.7,17.9,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,527.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,student,18.5,2.7,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,321.15,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,41.4,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,17.9,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,47.9,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,64.5,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,19.5,34.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,1.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.5,1,current,DFCU,1,0,128.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,0.1,1,current,GCB,4,0,80.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.7,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,24.5,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.6,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1735.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,10.0,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,23.4,6.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,598.97,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,55.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,56,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,salary_account,National Bank,3,0,2629.63,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,7.9,1,current,DFCU,3,0,1573.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,13.7,4.1,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,1055.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,41,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.1,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,9.9,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,10.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.0,7.2,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,480.96,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,66,55+,highest,none,unemployed,1.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.1,0.1,1,current,BCI,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,41.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,2.7,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,93.12,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.4,2.0,1,current,BMCD,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,student,0.4,13.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,1170.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,2.9,1,savings,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,0.1,1,salary_account,FNB,3,0,1062.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,16.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,student,15.0,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,451.32,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,second,none,student,0.4,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,565.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,8.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,5.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,23.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,2.1,0.0,1,salary_account,Société Générale,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,12.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,4.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,1424.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.5,4.6,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,1389.04,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,6.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,second,none,self_employed,7.2,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,student,1.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,student,11.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.8,3.8,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,1900.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,26.5,1,salary_account,NBC,2,0,944.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,5.6,8.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,328.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,3.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,8.9,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,7.0,1.9,1,savings,Société Générale,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,58,55+,middle,none,self_employed,4.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,21.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.0,0.9,1,savings,Orabank,1,0,222.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.2,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.3,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,1,current,Société Générale,3,0,223.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,11.9,1.1,1,current,CRDB,1,0,638.23,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,6234.17,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,12.0,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,46.4,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.4,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,0.7,1,savings,KCB,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,30.7,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.0,53.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.1,8.3,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,3,0,466.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,3179.24,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,student,10.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,10.0,8.1,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,3493.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,3.2,1,savings,BHS,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,41.5,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,3,0,1578.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,0.1,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,178.86,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,24.2,5.5,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,466.67,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,46.5,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,81.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,3.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,352.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,31.4,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,31.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,1.5,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,0.7,1,salary_account,KCB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,none,student,0.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,unemployed,5.9,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,69,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,30.9,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,5.8,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,143.13,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,61,55+,highest,none,self_employed,9.4,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,2,0,187.63,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,second,none,unemployed,29.8,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,1.7,1,savings,GCB,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,23.4,5.9,1,current,CBAO,2,0,439.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.2,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,225.54,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.5,2.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,939.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,23.4,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.1,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,primary,student,0.7,11.3,1,current,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.6,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,22.3,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,2146.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,73,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,5.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,16.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,student,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,0.3,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,286.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,72,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,8.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.5,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,8.0,0.5,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,7023.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,64,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,66.4,7.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,1497.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,38.2,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,0.3,1,savings,Fidelity,4,0,1792.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,64,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,10.9,7.7,1,current,GCB,1,0,1228.22,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,38.7,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,3438.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,11.8,1,current,CRDB,3,0,988.67,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,6.9,5.8,1,current,Sonibank,3,0,769.18,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,student,1.9,4.4,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,925.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,10.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,6.9,2.6,1,savings,Sonibank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.3,1.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,297.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,22.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,12.6,15.6,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,1,0,481.93,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,13.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,0.7,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.1,3.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,68.05,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,73,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,17.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,0.6,1,savings,Orabank,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,805.44,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,34.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.3,1,salary_account,First Bank,1,0,603.81,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,13.8,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,69.8,50.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,16.3,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,5.3,1,current,UBA,1,0,690.74,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.2,1.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,28.5,1.7,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,student,22.6,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,5.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,980.47,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.4,12.9,1,savings,First National Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,8.2,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.1,2.9,1,current,Orabank,0,10,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,8.9,3.2,1,savings,BCDC,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,25.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,46.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,1.6,11.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1748.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,34.4,13.7,1,current,GTBank,4,0,285.81,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,17.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.8,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,18.3,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.8,14.6,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,1000.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.9,14.4,1,savings,BAK,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,second,none,self_employed,30.0,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,11.3,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,9.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.5,1,current,Absa,4,0,696.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,5.1,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,11.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,4403.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,none,student,7.3,3.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1738.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,26.6,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,72.2,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,4.7,6.8,1,savings,NMB,1,0,233.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,21.2,1,current,BCDC,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,69,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,41.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,student,2.1,0.6,1,current,Awash Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,9.6,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,623.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,13.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,18.9,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,7.4,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.2,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,39.0,2.1,1,savings,Absa,4,0,164.31,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,25.5,0.0,1,savings,BDM,2,0,1588.69,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,25.5,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.0,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.4,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,26.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,33.2,17.2,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,712.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.6,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,421.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,12.6,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,1001.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1063.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,38.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,none,unemployed,9.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.0,1,current,GCB,4,0,471.87,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,student,1.2,3.7,1,current,BHS,4,0,2585.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,7.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,2.7,35.7,1,salary_account,Zanaco,2,0,4084.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,2.3,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,2,0,525.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,7.6,1.0,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,150.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,11.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,1.7,15.6,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,303.09,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,67,55+,highest,tertiary,student,15.5,14.7,1,savings,GTBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,10.8,3.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,245.31,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,student,7.8,0.7,1,salary_account,BAK,2,0,190.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.3,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,1367.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,25.5,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,48.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.4,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,11.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.6,15.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,425.92,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,3.0,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,1,0,356.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,10.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,26.3,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,11.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.3,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,self_employed,12.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,11.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,21.8,20.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,701.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,10.5,1.9,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,911.34,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,14.7,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,69.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,69.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,12.9,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,3.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,10.9,13.3,1,savings,Zanaco,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,38.3,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,13.8,2.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,224.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,31.7,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,15.4,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,83.55,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,0.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,213.48,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,11.3,23.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.6,7.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,931.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,2.0,1,savings,UBA,1,0,1743.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,10.5,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1601.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,91.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,700.87,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,3.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,18.8,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,38.5,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,2,0,686.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,9.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,1.2,1,salary_account,UBA,3,0,830.25,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,45.5,10.7,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,168.6,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,student,0.3,10.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,student,7.7,1.3,1,savings,KCB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1717.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,12.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.2,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,18.3,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.3,3.9,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,404.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,2.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,565.03,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,46.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.9,17.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,3622.69,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,12.5,4.7,1,savings,Absa,4,0,203.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,48.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,15.4,3.9,1,current,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.2,1.3,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,1898.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.5,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,176.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,17.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,6.2,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,2,0,572.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,34.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,22.8,29.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,10.5,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,13.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.2,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,142.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.4,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,612.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,primary,student,0.9,6.6,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,4,0,244.18,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,student,26.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,13.8,3.7,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,169.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,7.8,19.8,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,171.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,13.2,8.9,1,savings,FNB,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.1,0.9,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,1439.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,33.7,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,31.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,18.0,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.6,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.3,2.7,1,savings,KCB,2,0,388.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,74,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,4,0,3913.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,20.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,63,55+,second,none,student,4.2,0.1,1,current,Capitec,1,0,209.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,18.9,17.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,617.89,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,40.7,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,5.2,1,current,NBS Bank,1,0,601.18,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,864.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.6,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,161.86,none,1,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,14.8,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,479.99,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,24.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,15.7,5.0,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,1,0,998.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,25.9,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,2.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.3,1.5,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,595.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,1.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,75.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,5.5,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2250.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.5,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,269.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,0.3,3.7,1,savings,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.8,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,16.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,28.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.8,2.0,1,savings,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.9,46.5,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,2081.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.7,0.3,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,182.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.2,7.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1385.44,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,2.8,2.3,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,318.39,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,1.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1691.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,64.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,13.7,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,63.5,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,35.0,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,52.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.8,14.2,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,2,0,570.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.0,6.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,395.61,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.4,3.3,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,705.17,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,12.7,7.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,1547.41,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,12.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,290.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.1,1,salary_account,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.5,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,184.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,second,none,self_employed,4.8,0.7,1,salary_account,Access Bank,3,0,737.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,self_employed,12.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,student,39.4,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,none,student,13.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,1.4,2.0,1,current,NBC,1,0,224.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.0,5.6,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,273.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.0,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,303.38,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,18.3,0.5,1,savings,NMB,1,0,986.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,7.6,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,361.66,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.1,17.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.3,3.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,360.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.5,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,second,primary,student,4.3,1.0,1,savings,UBA,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,4.2,2.3,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,1547.21,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,11.8,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,9.6,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,28.0,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,19,18-24,second,none,self_employed,4.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.1,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,37.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.4,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,0.0,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.3,1,savings,BMCD,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,3.0,4.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,647.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,14.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,1.7,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,247.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.9,1,current,First Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,3.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1197.24,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,11.3,1,savings,BMCD,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,student,1.2,1.2,1,savings,NCBA,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,13.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,38.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,38.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.2,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,10.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.9,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,student,3.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,student,4.0,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,508.95,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,35.5,23.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,57,55+,highest,none,unemployed,23.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,self_employed,55.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.1,0.6,1,current,NCBA,1,0,931.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.0,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.1,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,191.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,30.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,student,3.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.1,20.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,student,32.2,32.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,146.37,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,5.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,34.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,0.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,1.0,1,savings,KCB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,0.5,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,8565.22,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,2.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,181.97,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,3.6,2.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,3.1,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,457.26,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,3.2,1.2,1,savings,GCB,1,0,346.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.2,2.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,343.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.4,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,47.1,14.9,1,current,FNB,2,0,2197.11,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,61,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,7.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.9,2.4,1,current,FNB,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,17.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,313.46,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,11.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,9.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,70.8,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,13.2,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,36.7,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.9,0.2,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,1104.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,29.4,3.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,7.3,5.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,7.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,1.6,1,savings,BCI,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,14.1,47.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,7.0,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,23.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,253.34,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,19.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.9,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,18.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,student,8.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,44.2,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,8.6,3.2,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,1126.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,2856.22,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.3,1,salary_account,Rawbank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.8,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,56.7,15.7,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,1,0,2653.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,10.4,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,11.4,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.5,4.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,479.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,24.2,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,0.2,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,157.96,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,20.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,8.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.1,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,56,55+,middle,none,unemployed,2.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.3,1.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1811.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,22.4,22.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2283.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.7,1.6,1,current,National Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.8,0.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,614.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.9,0.4,1,salary_account,CRDB,2,0,491.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,548.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,5.1,8.4,1,savings,National Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,64,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,13.4,17.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,6542.05,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,student,15.5,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,7.3,7.2,1,savings,KCB,3,0,137.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,59,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,30.2,8.9,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1158.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,4.6,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,327.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,student,3.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,student,56.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,student,22.2,2.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,8.2,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,0.4,1,savings,BCI,2,0,477.61,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.0,1.2,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,204.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,2.9,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,798.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.4,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,73,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,17.4,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.3,1,savings,GCB,2,0,176.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,8.6,0.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,16.4,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,24.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.7,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,35.5,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.7,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,11.4,14.2,1,savings,KCB,1,0,127.16,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,student,5.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,174.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,2009.98,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,10.7,0.9,1,current,NCBA,1,0,317.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,7.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,3132.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.9,33.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,employed_formal,6.4,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,2,0,1005.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,5.0,1.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,587.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.5,18.2,1,current,First Bank,3,0,61.22,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,27.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,8.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,13.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.8,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,3499.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,4.2,12.4,1,salary_account,KCB,2,0,852.64,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,30.6,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,33.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,60,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.5,0.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,969.86,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.1,1.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1202.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.5,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.5,1.4,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,561.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,71,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,5.3,1.3,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1379.66,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,28.7,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,6.8,21.9,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,3,0,410.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,primary,student,1.5,1.0,1,savings,KCB,1,0,172.41,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,7.4,1,savings,Access Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.1,3.9,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1115.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,21.0,3.0,1,current,FNB,2,0,44.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,69,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.4,0.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,223.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,17.1,8.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,701.89,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,60,55+,second,none,self_employed,12.3,22.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,9.4,1.1,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,820.88,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,student,2.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.4,1.3,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,408.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,5.7,6.9,1,savings,Absa,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,101.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.7,1.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,5.4,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,second,primary,student,4.1,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,4,0,383.51,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,12.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,24.2,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,523.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,9.1,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,1,0,457.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.8,3.2,1,savings,BMCD,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,7.7,9.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,856.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,29.5,7.0,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1303.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,13.8,0.5,1,savings,BAK,1,0,2881.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,1.5,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,student,5.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,9.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,1.8,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,1946.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,0.1,1,salary_account,UBA,4,0,678.7,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,56.8,10.1,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,423.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.3,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,9.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,10.0,10.0,1,current,FNB,2,0,1273.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,34.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,18.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,student,41.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,27.5,3.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,119.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.4,12.9,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,65,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.0,17.3,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,514.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,16.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,17.1,10.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1752.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,66,55+,second,secondary,student,24.8,26.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.4,2.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,1249.42,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.0,9.0,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,13.0,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,0.7,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,264.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,24.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,53.1,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,12.3,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,2.9,1,savings,GCB,2,0,1354.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,19.5,3.5,1,current,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.4,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,4322.2,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,25.2,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.2,20.8,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,6544.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,10.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,self_employed,2.9,5.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,223.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,18.2,19.9,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,515.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,1.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,32.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.6,2.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,0.9,5.2,1,current,CBAO,2,0,982.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.1,1.3,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1878.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.0,5.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,284.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.9,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,345.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.6,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,student,2.3,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,3.7,1,savings,BDM,2,0,915.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,23.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,732.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,46.1,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,0.4,9.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,1802.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,45.7,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,34.2,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,7.2,1,current,Rawbank,2,0,2109.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,12.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.2,1.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,198.81,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.9,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,8.8,1,savings,UBA,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,25.6,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,22.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,student,0.4,0.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,32.3,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.1,4.0,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,67.55,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,7.0,2.0,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1439.92,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.0,3.4,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,441.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.9,0.1,1,current,Centenary,1,0,24.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,7.4,12.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,62.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,16.4,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,442.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.2,2.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,857.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,student,1.7,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,18.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,71.7,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,43.4,2.4,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,293.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,student,60.5,4.7,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,78.0,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,18.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,56,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.5,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,1135.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.9,5.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,2453.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.7,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,916.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.5,32.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.5,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,4,0,2204.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,student,4.5,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,73,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,8.6,1.0,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,239.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,33.6,9.7,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,905.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,47,45-54,second,none,student,0.1,0.5,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,165.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,2.6,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,137.62,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,282.2,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.0,35.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,9.0,3.3,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,3954.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,59,55+,highest,primary,student,1.3,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1169.78,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,713.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,184.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,1.6,1.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,266.66,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,student,2.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.1,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1211.64,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,13.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,0.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,secondary,student,0.8,4.3,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,960.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,student,9.2,19.2,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,340.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.3,0.5,1,current,UBA,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,34.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,127.45,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,student,5.2,0.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,410.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,359.08,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,25.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.2,6.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,113.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.0,12.3,1,current,FNB,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,1.2,4.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,599.62,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,5.9,2.4,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,1117.98,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,30.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,22.3,2.5,1,current,GCB,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.8,6.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,3,0,637.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,30.8,15.9,1,current,BMCD,2,0,751.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,44.4,0.2,1,savings,BCDC,3,0,321.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,10.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,502.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,1.0,1,current,DFCU,2,0,252.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,22.6,1.5,1,savings,NMB,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,7.1,3.1,1,savings,Nedbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,2.2,2.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,351.65,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,4.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,661.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,7.9,9.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,673.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,2.0,1,current,UBA,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.5,1,current,CRDB,0,3,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,58,55+,middle,none,self_employed,10.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,8.7,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,862.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,28.8,3.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,5844.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.7,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,student,0.5,16.7,1,current,CBAO,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,12.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,8.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.1,26.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.5,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,3.2,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.0,0.2,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,16.0,18.3,1,savings,BCI,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,38.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,student,4.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,1998.43,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.4,12.6,1,current,Stanbic,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,4.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,61,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,7.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,294.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,4.5,1,current,NBC,3,0,272.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.1,2.3,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,101.53,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,13.0,0.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1554.12,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,0.7,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1881.24,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.8,1.4,1,current,CBAO,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,27.2,0.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,427.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,2.5,1,savings,NMB,2,0,657.18,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,4.1,7.0,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,141.47,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,8.7,3.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,273.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,45.3,9.5,1,savings,KCB,4,0,1886.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,3.5,3.8,1,current,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.8,28.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,310.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.3,1,current,BDM,4,0,343.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,5.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,678.22,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.9,25.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,1614.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,20.6,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,student,0.7,33.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.3,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,37.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,1571.02,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.1,2.1,1,savings,BHS,3,0,381.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,18.2,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,2.7,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,913.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,27.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.2,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,13.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,109.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,22.4,6.7,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,4,0,3334.24,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,9.8,1,salary_account,Orabank,2,0,1482.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,4.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,0.8,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1649.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.7,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,1456.84,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,7.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,student,0.6,4.6,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,564.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.7,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,15.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.8,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,69,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,2.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,57,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,33.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,15.3,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,2,0,53.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.7,8.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1008.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.5,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,none,student,15.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,4.1,11.7,1,current,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,student,4.4,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,38.3,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,6.7,1.7,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,245.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,27.8,0.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,4,0,135.73,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,1.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.0,6.9,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,57,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,0.7,3.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2427.34,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.2,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,16.6,5.6,1,current,Nedbank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.9,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,503.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.2,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,1089.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,17.8,2.1,1,current,Absa,2,0,1938.63,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,6.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.3,1.7,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,404.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,1097.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,15.3,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,32.7,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,4.2,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,654.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,0.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,3.6,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.0,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,148.7,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,8.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,9.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,18.3,1.9,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1034.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,574.3,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,68,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.9,2.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,2733.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,28.9,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,4.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,556.27,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.5,2.9,1,salary_account,KCB,3,0,452.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,unemployed,21.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.9,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1541.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,3.9,1,salary_account,Zanaco,1,0,793.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,10.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.6,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,1,0,65.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,2.7,1,savings,Centenary,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.7,0.4,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,281.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.7,6.4,1,current,KCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,3.0,2.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.1,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,605.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,0.7,1,savings,NCBA,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,61,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,5.4,1.7,1,current,FNB,4,0,1734.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,5.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.9,0.6,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,527.28,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,16.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,4.0,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,1,0,422.21,none,1,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.5,2.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,167.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,16.7,1,savings,FNB,2,0,119.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,46.9,1.3,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,1067.97,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,2.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,student,20.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,3.2,1.1,1,current,UBA,4,0,739.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,56,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,223.11,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.3,5.5,1,current,Ecobank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.0,1.7,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,2488.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.9,23.0,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,2328.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.2,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,43.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.1,30.1,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,1466.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.7,5.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,361.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,1714.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,46.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,9.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,11.4,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,10.3,4.8,1,savings,BCDC,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.3,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,4.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,181.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,0.3,1.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,1324.72,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,student,23.3,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.3,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,41.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,student,0.6,0.7,1,current,GTBank,1,0,149.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,25.6,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,182.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.5,0.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,361.98,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,4.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,6.3,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,1307.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,1,0,81.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,12.0,1,savings,Absa,3,0,61.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,2.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,115.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,55.5,15.7,1,current,Capitec,1,0,718.71,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.8,3.7,1,salary_account,BAK,4,0,1354.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,207.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,4.6,1,salary_account,Access Bank,4,0,1034.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,2.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,74,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,16.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,3.9,1,savings,First Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.5,7.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.0,6.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,336.33,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,0.0,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.8,14.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,459.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,10.0,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,12.9,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,student,0.9,1.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,902.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.6,1.2,1,savings,First National Bank,4,0,363.48,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.9,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,22.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,53.0,1.8,1,savings,NMB,1,0,149.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,1.0,1,savings,First Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.9,0.3,1,salary_account,BHS,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,3.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,20.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,48.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,2.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,313.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.1,2.9,1,current,CBAO,1,0,89.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,10.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,20.1,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,7.2,4.4,1,salary_account,NBC,3,0,308.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,809.73,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,student,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,1,current,Centenary,2,0,4679.1,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,65,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.8,1.9,1,salary_account,Access Bank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,22.2,7.7,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1560.75,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,none,student,4.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,19.3,17.3,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,147.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,3.7,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,27.9,10.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1484.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,2,0,4522.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,5.2,1.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,2095.98,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.1,11.2,1,savings,DFCU,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.3,30.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,11.9,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,17.4,22.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,64,55+,middle,none,unemployed,5.8,33.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.3,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.4,8.0,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,219.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,student,4.7,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,7.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,22.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,19.2,25.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,31.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,0.8,1,savings,BAK,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,student,5.6,0.9,1,current,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,42.2,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,20.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,4.8,2.2,1,current,BHS,1,0,10164.95,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,4.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,student,23.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,45.8,0.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,1681.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.3,2.2,1,salary_account,GCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.9,14.8,1,salary_account,BDM,1,0,1172.02,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,second,primary,student,0.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,10.1,4.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,431.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.0,1.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,952.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.4,1.3,1,current,Fidelity,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,1.6,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,499.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.2,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,526.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.9,4.9,1,salary_account,FBNBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.8,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.4,1,savings,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.3,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,2395.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,2.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,706.25,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,36.9,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.0,9.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,8.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,3.6,5.6,1,current,BHS,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,31.5,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,21.8,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,222.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,8.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,20.8,40.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.1,9.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,144.27,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,13.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,71,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.4,2.9,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,346.31,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,16.2,1,savings,DFCU,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,29.7,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,5.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1360.1,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,90.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.7,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.3,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,67,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,0.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,389.65,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,3.5,2.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,924.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,32.0,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,20.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,65,55+,second,none,self_employed,5.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,student,5.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,0.3,1,current,First Bank,1,0,238.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.5,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,0.9,1,salary_account,Zanaco,4,0,404.93,none,1,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,33.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,48.5,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,45.0,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,57.4,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,BAK,4,0,705.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,0.6,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,160.84,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,student,3.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.1,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,625.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,3.2,1.2,1,savings,Absa,1,0,7835.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,36.3,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,current,Absa,2,0,1674.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,student,3.6,4.5,1,salary_account,GCB,4,0,1825.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,59,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.2,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,26.9,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,9.4,9.8,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,675.88,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,21.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,59,55+,second,none,student,0.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,16.3,7.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,192.86,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,1300.57,none,1,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,34.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,student,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.4,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,229.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,27.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,2.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,2188.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.7,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,4.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,2.6,0.9,1,current,FNB,1,0,380.73,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,3.9,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,31.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.0,0.4,1,salary_account,BMCD,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,20.6,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,7.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.1,1.0,1,savings,National Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,student,5.2,0.8,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1460.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,25.2,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,student,9.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,2.1,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1939.28,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,1,savings,GTBank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,18.1,8.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2274.97,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,57.6,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.0,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,50.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,4.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,401.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,12.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,50.8,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,2.9,1,current,BCI,2,0,1178.02,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,48.5,2.2,1,savings,Zanaco,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,0.8,4.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1196.58,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1096.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,46.5,3.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,606.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.9,1,savings,Zanaco,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,16.5,5.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,9.8,3.2,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,790.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,11.1,17.3,1,savings,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,15.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.4,0.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,280.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.9,6.8,1,current,Absa,1,0,143.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,0.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,53.66,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.2,0.3,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,441.69,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,28.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,57,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,42.6,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.3,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,4,0,1667.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,6.4,0.8,1,current,Zenith Bank,3,0,425.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,25.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,363.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,35.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.7,1.2,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,526.25,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.7,1,savings,Absa,4,0,635.49,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.6,0.8,1,current,Awash Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,63,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,0.5,0.3,1,current,Capitec,4,0,118.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,5.9,1,current,Orabank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,0.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,9.0,1,savings,BMCD,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,32.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.6,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.0,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,3.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,275.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,4.5,1.6,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,346.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.2,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.7,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,1.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,954.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,student,1.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,53.7,0.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,530.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.9,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,employed_formal,45.9,0.6,1,salary_account,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,25.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,3.8,0.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2962.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,20.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,7.0,7.0,1,current,GCB,2,0,717.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.8,1,current,BMCD,3,0,3353.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,student,2.4,2.7,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1287.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,3.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,3295.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.4,7.9,1,current,BHS,1,0,78.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.6,1,current,Sonibank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,23.3,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,180.64,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,55.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,student,6.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden