country,year,urban_rural,gender,age,age_group,income_quintile,education,employment_status,branch_access_km,atm_access_km,account_ownership,account_type,bank_name,usage_frequency_monthly,months_inactive,account_balance_usd,primary_barrier,has_overdraft,has_debit_card,has_online_banking,scenario Niger,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,24.0,11.6,1,salary_account,Orabank,2,0,1405.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,56,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,11.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,8.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,4.1,1.8,1,current,Fidelity,4,0,360.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,30.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.3,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,166.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,25.4,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,1.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.9,10.7,1,current,CBAO,1,0,17008.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,self_employed,34.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.8,2.4,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,2974.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,56,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.0,1.3,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,1282.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.1,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,2,0,452.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,17.7,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.1,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,200.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,13.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,33.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,2376.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,32.2,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,31.7,25.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,33.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1202.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.7,20.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,680.43,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,54.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,7.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,12.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,1.9,1,savings,BDM,2,0,600.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,31.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,12.3,1.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,1531.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.3,0.2,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,3773.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,24.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,25.4,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.9,2.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,20.7,28.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,5474.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,11.3,11.5,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,1,0,3608.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,14.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,student,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,student,0.1,6.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,4.7,1,savings,BAK,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,5.7,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,181.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,20.4,11.1,1,savings,FNB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.7,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,772.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,26.4,1.9,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,90.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.9,4.7,1,current,NBC,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,student,3.3,0.8,1,current,Absa,3,0,586.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,29.7,4.2,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,6.7,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.8,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,491.11,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,37.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,3.5,1.6,1,current,GTBank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,1.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,819.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,17.0,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,student,9.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,179.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,student,6.0,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,53.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.5,4.9,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,1809.2,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,1.4,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,754.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.8,10.7,1,savings,FNB,4,0,363.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.3,6.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,second,none,self_employed,4.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,29.8,8.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,79.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,2.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,8.1,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.2,0.7,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,284.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,42,35-44,second,tertiary,student,5.6,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1597.84,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,12.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,17.9,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,4.8,1,savings,BCI,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,60.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.6,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,868.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,18.6,26.0,1,savings,FNB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,16.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,131.42,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,none,student,34.2,28.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,378.21,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.5,2.8,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,455.12,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,0.8,1,salary_account,Sonibank,2,0,6111.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,23.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,student,0.7,1.1,1,savings,NBC,2,0,785.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,37.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1064.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,0.2,1,current,BAK,2,0,265.46,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,21.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.3,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,student,1.9,14.9,1,current,Standard Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,18.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,19.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,12.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,38.1,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.1,0.0,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,unemployed,10.4,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,5.7,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,1112.9,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,student,29.5,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,second,none,unemployed,0.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,5.7,1,savings,NMB,3,0,348.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,1.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,35.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,57,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.0,23.7,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,439.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,27.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.4,1,savings,National Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,61,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.7,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3883.63,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,student,11.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.1,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,14.5,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,2.2,0.1,1,current,Nedbank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,6.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,34.7,19.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,393.47,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,2.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,293.51,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.8,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,13.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,4.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,32.6,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,74,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1091.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,student,58.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.7,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,student,6.2,5.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,746.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,student,7.7,5.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.1,3.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1841.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,13.8,31.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,783.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,3.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.2,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,519.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.8,9.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,64.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,13.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,student,10.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,34.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,2.0,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,588.41,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,13.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,2,0,351.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,7.2,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.7,4.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,1487.5,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,30.7,1.8,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,207.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,none,student,5.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.0,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1870.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.5,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,40.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.2,1.2,1,current,Orabank,2,0,1872.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.7,7.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1909.44,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,25.0,8.5,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,438.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,66,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,121.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.5,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,213.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,1.2,4.5,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,223.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,26.4,13.2,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,4628.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,71,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,6830.37,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,1.3,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,1,0,288.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.8,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,1,0,241.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,36.3,1.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,3.2,1.9,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,2293.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,25.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,1.9,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,primary,student,6.9,28.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,0.3,1,current,DFCU,2,0,56.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.9,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,7.7,0.5,1,savings,BHS,2,0,781.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.7,18.4,1,salary_account,BHS,4,0,2737.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,4.0,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,student,1.4,0.3,1,current,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,12.2,33.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,19.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,student,6.9,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,3.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1058.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,10.4,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,112.24,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,41.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,12.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,student,12.1,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,student,2.0,6.6,1,current,NBC,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,2.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1583.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,9.0,0.3,1,savings,Zanaco,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,19.5,4.6,1,savings,GCB,1,0,124.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,714.54,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,24.3,0.6,1,savings,BDM,3,0,1007.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.9,16.7,1,current,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,24.6,0.6,1,savings,Access Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,4.0,1.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,9.8,5.3,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,712.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,8.2,29.1,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,2390.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,2.1,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.8,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,15.0,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,640.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,51.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,student,26.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,3.8,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.5,10.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,600.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,66,55+,highest,none,self_employed,49.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,26.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,8.0,15.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,415.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,2.6,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,195.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,12.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,2,0,1954.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,19.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,9.1,34.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.2,0.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,184.38,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,20.7,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,26.4,4.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,199.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,student,45.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.9,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,465.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,72,55+,second,secondary,student,0.4,3.2,1,current,NMB,2,0,242.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,10.1,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,35.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.2,1.1,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,80.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,21.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,8.1,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,none,student,20.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,25.0,14.9,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1546.57,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,14.7,6.7,1,current,Absa,4,0,4818.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,69,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1356.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,student,21.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.0,0.8,1,current,BCDC,2,0,908.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,17.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.7,8.2,1,savings,KCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,60,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,1.5,1,current,BHS,4,0,628.52,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,32.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,28.3,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,6.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.2,6.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,422.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,41.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,2.1,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,701.11,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,15.6,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,2839.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,33.6,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,student,20.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,2.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1103.02,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,second,none,unemployed,2.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,0.9,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,386.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.5,2.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,4,0,474.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,9.3,1,current,GTBank,2,0,2899.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.7,19.9,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.9,1,savings,FNB,2,0,397.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,11.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,31.9,6.3,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.1,3.8,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,740.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,7.2,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,450.64,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,second,primary,student,5.6,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,1140.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,3.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,294.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1870.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,38.0,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,61,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.7,1.4,1,savings,UBA,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,8.6,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,34.0,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.4,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,1032.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,40.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,student,20.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,12.5,1.0,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,59.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,2.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,66.12,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,0.1,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,3.8,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,323.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.8,11.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,13.3,1,current,Centenary,1,0,307.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,25.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.3,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.1,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.3,1.7,1,savings,DFCU,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,10.7,2.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,68.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,1.2,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,10.0,5.5,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,3,0,366.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,13.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,13.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,2.8,1,current,NCBA,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,12.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,9.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,5.0,1.1,1,current,Absa,3,0,597.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,3.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.8,2.3,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.3,1,savings,CBAO,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,3.0,0.0,1,savings,Société Générale,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,51.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.1,7.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,student,13.1,0.8,1,salary_account,National Bank,2,0,1180.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,26.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.9,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.7,5.7,1,savings,FNB,1,0,461.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.9,0.7,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,526.16,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,20.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,22.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,29.4,0.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,778.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,1.1,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,274.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.6,1.8,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,165.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.7,5.1,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1547.12,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,none,student,2.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,student,1.8,8.5,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,17.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,57,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,6.5,1.2,1,savings,UBA,4,0,3155.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,4.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.6,1.3,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,411.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,1.0,1,current,BCI,2,0,450.67,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,62.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.8,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,486.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,second,none,student,41.1,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,8.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.9,1.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,526.47,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,11.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,10.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,67,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1530.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.2,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1503.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,3.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,844.73,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,2.5,1,current,Equity BCDC,3,0,692.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,3.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,3253.49,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,28.4,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,24.4,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,student,0.6,4.5,1,savings,First Bank,4,0,258.34,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,13.6,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,36.9,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,27.5,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,1.4,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,138.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,10.9,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,1,0,194.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,19.2,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,106.1,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,56,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.0,1.0,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,434.95,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,240.82,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,student,7.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,61,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.4,0.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1033.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,165.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,0.5,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,637.65,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.7,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,462.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,2.5,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1602.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,0.1,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,2183.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,9.5,26.8,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,355.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,9.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,5.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,2.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,30.3,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,8.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,3.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,44.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.2,3.7,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,182.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.7,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,121.53,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.6,2.3,1,current,FNB,1,0,616.61,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,66,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.9,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.4,2.3,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,163.29,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,21.9,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,23.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,2.9,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,1842.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,20.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1354.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,70,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.6,1.9,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,449.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.1,26.5,1,current,Absa,2,0,210.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,1.1,51.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,2.8,38.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,559.86,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,26.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,190.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,31.6,1.9,1,current,Sonibank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,6.8,2.4,1,current,BDM,1,0,1027.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,2.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,180.39,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.9,4.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,student,9.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,3,0,646.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,11.4,5.9,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,548.76,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,27.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,41.0,9.6,1,current,Fidelity,2,0,400.59,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,50.3,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,5.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.0,15.4,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,1,0,243.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,13.3,5.9,1,salary_account,Centenary,1,0,1629.06,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.8,1,savings,GCB,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,57,55+,middle,none,unemployed,8.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,23.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,1.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.9,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,student,35.7,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,21.3,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,student,12.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,9.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,23.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,2.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1547.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,414.67,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,student,29.6,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,3.6,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,459.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,10.8,11.3,1,current,GTBank,4,0,733.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,8.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,32.4,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.5,0.0,1,current,BCDC,2,0,126.23,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,0.3,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,987.55,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,21.1,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,1.8,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,67,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.3,1,savings,Absa,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.8,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,4,0,412.4,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,196.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.2,4.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,214.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.4,23.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,7.2,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.6,4.0,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,656.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,student,4.0,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,346.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.8,1.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,1024.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,73,55+,second,secondary,student,49.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.3,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,student,3.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,14.9,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,student,11.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,0.3,1,savings,GCB,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.7,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,16.8,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,2.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,5.8,0.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,8.7,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,27.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,8.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,158.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,5.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,42.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,18.4,7.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1722.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,5.8,4.7,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,436.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,12.6,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,4,0,769.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,199.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,26.2,1.2,1,savings,FBNBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,26,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,4.0,3.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,427.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,3,0,232.45,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.7,1,salary_account,BMCD,3,0,2415.9,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.6,2.1,1,current,CRDB,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,second,none,self_employed,3.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.1,1.7,1,savings,Absa,3,0,324.87,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,1.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.9,3.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,940.81,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,36.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,1,0,280.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,5.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.1,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,544.55,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,20.7,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,student,2.1,17.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.4,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,2,0,73.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,30.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,36.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,14.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,second,none,unemployed,0.8,2.6,1,salary_account,Stanbic,4,0,643.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1145.12,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,51.1,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.8,6.9,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,103.16,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,4.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,4.7,4.8,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,198.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.3,7.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,319.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,14.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.9,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,1,0,87.57,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.9,6.1,1,current,Sonibank,1,0,626.59,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,2.2,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,19.5,13.4,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.5,0.1,1,current,Centenary,2,0,512.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,3.2,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.2,0.8,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,274.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,41.0,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.8,1.2,1,savings,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,5.7,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,1,0,1478.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,40,35-44,second,none,self_employed,56.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,0.1,1,salary_account,Centenary,1,0,1124.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,29,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,18.9,21.4,1,current,GCB,1,0,851.6,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,student,3.0,1.0,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,817.1,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.5,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.0,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,884.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,40.0,29.4,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,212.11,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,student,7.3,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.3,1,current,Centenary,2,0,2599.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.3,1.2,1,current,CBAO,2,0,859.62,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.7,1.0,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1023.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,student,4.3,4.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,361.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,62,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,54.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.2,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.2,25.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,376.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.4,1,current,FNB,0,3,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,8.3,0.6,1,savings,KCB,1,0,346.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,33.6,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,20.4,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.4,5.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2111.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.2,3.3,1,salary_account,BMCD,3,0,210.23,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,37.4,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,2.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,45.6,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,0.7,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,4.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,60,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,14.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,1,savings,BCDC,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.1,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.2,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,68,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.0,19.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,3.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.3,0.9,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,1030.24,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,18.9,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.9,1.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,200.35,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,14.9,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,66.1,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.9,9.6,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,35.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.5,1,current,Access Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,17.6,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,10.4,2.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,7.2,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,60,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,3.5,16.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.1,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,10.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,student,1.2,2.0,1,savings,Orabank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,27.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.3,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,72.4,12.1,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,1531.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,15.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,10.6,24.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.1,2.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,768.6,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,31.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,41.4,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,0.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,3.8,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,458.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,12.7,1.8,1,current,Absa,2,0,621.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,9.4,1,current,Standard Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,22.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,32.9,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,18.1,6.0,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,758.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.3,2.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,3,0,157.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,72,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.3,1.0,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,854.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,3.3,1,current,Capitec,1,0,296.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,24.8,5.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,505.02,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,15.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.7,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,14.6,21.3,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,145.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,16.8,19.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,409.45,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,7.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,16.2,1,current,Fidelity,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,0.8,27.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,primary,student,3.1,0.2,1,savings,BAK,3,0,2399.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,student,21.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,13.3,6.8,1,current,Absa,1,0,1222.95,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,817.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,student,1.9,1.6,1,current,Absa,3,0,78.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,8.8,1.2,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,587.51,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,5.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.2,1,salary_account,National Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,second,tertiary,student,1.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,17.0,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,2.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,809.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,24.5,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,3.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,5.4,1.6,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,10811.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,8.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.4,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.4,2.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,537.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.9,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,1.8,1,savings,National Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,1199.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,11.6,1.0,1,salary_account,CRDB,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,1.6,1,savings,Orabank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,student,1.6,26.0,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,336.2,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.1,0.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,690.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,13.1,48.8,1,current,Moza Banco,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.7,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,4,0,325.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.9,1,current,Absa,1,0,1067.09,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.4,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,71.16,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,16.1,7.0,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,1441.47,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,35.8,8.2,1,savings,Fidelity,4,0,664.28,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,56.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,653.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.0,5.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,628.78,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,21.2,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,29.9,11.5,1,salary_account,Capitec,3,0,108.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.7,7.7,1,salary_account,Capitec,4,0,708.78,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,2.6,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,1296.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,4.0,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,4,0,2077.07,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,278.41,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,9.3,5.8,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,22.1,1.2,1,current,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,1.1,1,salary_account,Rawbank,1,0,273.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,student,1.2,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,2.3,1,savings,Equity BCDC,4,0,314.97,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,student,23.7,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,46.4,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,20.7,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,18.3,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,2700.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.2,4.1,1,current,Absa,1,0,2578.84,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.7,1,current,Cooperative Bank,2,0,384.68,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,801.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,67.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,student,16.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,2.1,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,1224.65,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,0.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,primary,student,3.4,0.8,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,1703.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,17.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,22.4,7.5,1,savings,NBC,2,0,1277.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,8.9,3.7,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,34.02,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,31.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,23.3,28.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.0,2.2,1,salary_account,DFCU,1,0,590.75,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,6.2,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,10.8,27.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.8,4.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,321.2,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,2.0,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,1,0,1076.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,48.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,student,36.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,7.6,2.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,21.4,1.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,373.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,6.9,34.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,14.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,14.9,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.1,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,4.0,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.0,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.0,0.4,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1167.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,10.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.7,2.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,627.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,9.4,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,7.5,10.0,1,savings,Capitec,4,0,310.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,4.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,704.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.9,0.4,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,491.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,52.1,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.4,0.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1005.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,1.5,4.6,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,610.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,student,10.2,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,32.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,636.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.8,1.5,1,savings,UBA,3,0,437.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.0,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,2.8,4.2,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,1203.15,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,61,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,6.3,1.5,1,savings,BCI,1,0,321.74,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,0.9,3.6,1,current,Rawbank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,student,2.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,80.8,34.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,25.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,18.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,11.1,17.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,12.2,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.6,4.8,1,current,UBA,2,0,440.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,0.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,501.64,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,63,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,45.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,31.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,38.8,22.8,1,current,NBS Bank,1,0,2063.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,34.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,13.7,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,35.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,student,3.1,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,8.5,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,256.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,28.7,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.7,1.2,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.7,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,0.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,55,45-54,second,none,student,0.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.6,2.9,1,savings,Absa,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,4.2,1.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,196.87,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.6,0.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,264.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1494.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,63,55+,second,none,employed_informal,9.2,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,3,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,56,55+,second,none,employed_formal,1.9,0.6,1,savings,Capitec,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,19.0,2.5,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,976.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,44.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.1,3.8,1,savings,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,45.5,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,student,5.4,0.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,169.21,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,10.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,9.1,0.9,1,savings,KCB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,12.5,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,19.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,27.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,19.9,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,12.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,66,55+,second,none,employed_informal,5.4,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,41.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,7.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,342.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,student,15.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,34.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,3.7,1.4,1,current,FDH Bank,4,0,3001.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,2,0,670.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,1.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,26.0,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,15.8,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.3,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,2.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,2.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,student,2.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,29.6,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,2,0,667.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.4,0.5,1,savings,BDM,1,0,1448.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.2,3.5,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,401.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.6,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,26.8,3.0,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,175.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,14.9,1,current,CBAO,4,0,6632.4,none,1,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.4,6.0,1,salary_account,FNB,2,0,162.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,student,16.1,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,7.2,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,student,6.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.7,3.6,1,current,CRDB,3,0,1210.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,14.5,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,64.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,student,0.5,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.9,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,17.3,7.5,1,current,Nedbank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,73,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,8.0,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,0.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,780.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,student,27.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,10.1,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.6,5.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,467.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,15.4,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.8,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.3,0.2,1,savings,UBA,2,0,904.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.0,1.3,1,current,NMB,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.1,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,2076.53,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,16.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,12.4,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1311.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,19.1,1,savings,BAK,1,0,343.23,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,17.9,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,1.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,272.75,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,21.9,12.4,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,2,0,1552.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,2.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,1,0,34.95,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,6.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,6.9,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,2.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,2255.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.7,0.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,39.1,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,46.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.3,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,242.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,25.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,109.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.3,1.2,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,504.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,15.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,13.9,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,70,55+,second,none,self_employed,11.6,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,62,55+,second,none,student,3.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.4,0.0,1,savings,UBA,1,0,1464.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,206.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,0.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,23.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.2,1,current,NBC,3,0,527.52,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.9,1.4,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,68,55+,highest,primary,student,9.6,3.9,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,24.1,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,65.2,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,3.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,62,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.6,0.0,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,1968.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.9,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,2403.3,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,9.7,4.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1831.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,student,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,self_employed,34.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.1,0.9,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1491.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,5.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,4.5,1,current,National Bank,3,0,223.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,2,0,2038.85,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,2.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,2.9,1,current,BCDC,2,0,604.01,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,26.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.6,0.2,1,salary_account,UBA,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,9.1,2.6,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,189.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,45.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,0.0,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,5664.19,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,189.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,8.8,38.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.7,11.7,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,1053.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,24.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,6.4,20.2,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,1234.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,32.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,0.4,1,savings,NMB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,second,none,unemployed,3.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,67,55+,second,secondary,student,8.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,2.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,39.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,57,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.3,1.7,1,savings,BCI,1,0,705.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,6.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1674.47,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,83.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,1.2,1,current,FNB,2,0,201.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,3.6,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,166.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,0.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,32.1,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,1,current,Nedbank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,0.3,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,2.8,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1194.89,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,0.7,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,0.2,5.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,0.5,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,2,0,432.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,64,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,1.0,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,10.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,36.6,5.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,541.62,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.2,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,58,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.8,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,34.6,1.2,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,168.93,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,7.1,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,17.3,0.3,1,current,CRDB,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,38.8,6.0,1,savings,BCDC,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,4,0,58.44,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.0,1.0,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,163.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,31.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.4,3.2,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,38.9,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,719.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,21.3,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,13.8,3.0,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,179.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1362.03,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,3681.68,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,5.6,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,338.27,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,student,2.3,2.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,316.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,6.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.2,1,current,Absa,3,0,636.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,22.6,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.5,0.7,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,18.0,1,savings,Absa,3,0,429.62,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,student,24.4,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,220.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,2.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,0.4,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,14.5,5.2,1,fixed_deposit,NCBA,2,0,427.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,12.2,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,22.8,2.9,1,current,Ecobank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.7,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.8,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,61,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,0.1,1,savings,BAK,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,19.9,1.2,1,current,BCI,4,0,13117.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.0,0.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,154.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,0.6,19.0,1,current,Société Générale,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,7.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.2,0.0,1,savings,BAK,1,0,252.87,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.2,1.2,1,savings,Fidelity,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,13.9,3.0,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,929.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,603.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,student,13.6,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,10.7,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,1.1,1,savings,Société Générale,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,salary_account,UBA,2,0,6791.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,student,6.9,14.9,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,2,0,281.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.3,10.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,516.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.1,1.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,51.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.2,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.1,4.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.8,9.3,1,current,Rawbank,2,0,451.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,3.7,44.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,5.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,1.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,727.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,employed_formal,13.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,0.6,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,1157.31,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.8,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,532.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,5.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.7,0.6,1,savings,National Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,12.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,11.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,none,student,7.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,3.3,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,649.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,16.6,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,student,33.0,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.0,3.3,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1039.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.5,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,4.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,815.48,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,53.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,4.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.8,0.7,1,current,Access Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,694.35,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.0,1.5,1,current,Coris Bank,2,0,347.73,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,2.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,student,1.7,1.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,636.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.9,12.8,1,savings,Absa,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,student,12.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,4.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.9,6.3,1,current,Capitec,1,0,1534.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,9.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,21.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,11.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,28.7,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.3,5.4,1,savings,BCI,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,8.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,11.7,1,current,National Bank,1,0,375.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,student,5.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,47.6,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,64,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,35.3,7.0,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,533.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.1,8.5,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,1674.7,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,0.5,2.1,1,current,Zanaco,4,0,879.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,student,1.1,0.3,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,129.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,8.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,57,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,5.2,1.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,2132.31,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,student,0.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,5.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,487.68,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,32.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,772.15,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,1,0,459.04,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,0.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,2417.45,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,12.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,31.5,3.1,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,2119.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,student,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,28.1,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.5,1.0,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,117.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.9,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,11.6,24.0,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,664.82,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,4,0,39.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,22.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,18.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,16.6,28.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,11.4,1,salary_account,FNB,1,0,2551.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.2,2.6,1,savings,BHS,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,15.3,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,14.4,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,1.3,1,savings,KCB,3,0,1723.33,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.1,3.6,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,159.94,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.4,1.6,1,savings,FNB,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,404.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,11.5,22.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2535.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,2.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.8,2.5,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.8,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,964.02,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,6.4,2.3,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1729.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,213.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,14.8,13.5,1,current,I&M Bank,3,0,51.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.4,3.7,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,1133.43,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.0,10.7,1,current,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,665.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.7,3.4,1,savings,BDM,2,0,994.24,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,54.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,2.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,682.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.0,1,savings,GCB,1,0,800.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,907.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,student,3.2,0.7,1,savings,FNB,1,0,4856.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,71,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,19.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,20.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,student,3.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,0.3,1,current,NCBA,1,0,257.99,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,4.5,9.7,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,2694.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,student,28.3,4.5,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,220.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.3,0.7,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,2197.33,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.5,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,74,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,student,3.2,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,6.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.3,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.7,7.6,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,994.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,4.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.7,3.2,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,2,0,895.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,8.5,1,salary_account,BDM,2,0,843.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,8.0,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,177.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,9.2,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,35.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,10.1,15.3,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,12092.34,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,current,NMB,2,0,342.94,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,none,student,2.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.5,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,none,student,16.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,6.3,30.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,518.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.3,1,salary_account,BCDC,2,0,61.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,2.0,1,savings,BCI,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,31.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,tertiary,student,0.3,0.8,1,savings,KCB,4,0,929.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,44.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,41.5,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.1,9.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,728.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,38.0,1.9,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,2113.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,10.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.2,3.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.5,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,118.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,7.7,0.3,1,salary_account,BDM,1,0,69.47,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,student,1.0,2.0,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,9153.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,72,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,20.0,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,22.6,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,4.9,3.5,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,289.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,15.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.2,1,current,Stanbic,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,58,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.7,3.4,1,current,BMCD,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.7,1,savings,KCB,1,0,427.64,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,43.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,42.2,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.9,1,savings,Access Bank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,132.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,57,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,0.9,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,485.09,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,4.9,3.6,1,salary_account,NCBA,2,0,655.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,4.3,0.1,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,537.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,38.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,3.4,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,801.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,7.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,10.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,none,self_employed,20.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,26.4,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,49.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.4,3.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,233.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,6.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,6.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.4,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,8.9,1,fixed_deposit,Equity BCDC,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,5.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,19.2,1,current,NCBA,2,0,814.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,student,1.1,1.6,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,4454.04,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,3.0,12.7,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,183.11,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,student,3.9,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,12.6,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,3,0,341.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,35.7,1.3,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,307.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,student,11.8,4.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,6218.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,27.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.6,46.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,69,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.5,3.3,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,15.7,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,14.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,59,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,3925.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,36.6,7.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,75.9,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,16.9,15.9,1,current,Zenith Bank,2,0,461.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,second,none,self_employed,12.9,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.9,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,18.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,0.7,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,4,0,683.59,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,student,22.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,3,0,1011.12,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,32.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.9,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,27.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,0.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.4,1,salary_account,CRDB,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.4,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,11.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,22.2,1.9,1,savings,FNB,1,0,734.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,11.0,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.8,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,8.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,none,student,2.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,5.8,1,savings,Absa,4,0,308.88,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,2.1,1,savings,BAK,2,0,745.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,secondary,student,19.8,12.9,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,747.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,15.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,2.9,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,135.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,13.3,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,22.2,10.9,1,current,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,5.3,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,6715.05,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.8,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.4,18.4,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,707.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,student,5.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.0,0.6,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,560.49,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,26.6,4.2,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,3,0,3039.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,2,0,571.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,18.9,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,21.4,6.3,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,4,0,2330.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,22.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,0.0,1,current,Nedbank,3,0,670.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,26.4,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.0,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,5.9,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,2,0,392.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,2.1,1,current,Orabank,3,0,1192.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,37.4,4.8,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,22.3,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.1,1,savings,BAK,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,unemployed,23.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.6,2.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,2,0,1338.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,17.9,1,savings,BAK,1,0,235.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,8.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,4.0,1,current,NMB,1,0,645.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.0,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1011.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.3,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,34.9,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,1.0,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,1978.9,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,70,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,26.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,19.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.4,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.1,0.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,123.29,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,12.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,915.9,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,62,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,0.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,8186.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.4,0.2,1,savings,BAK,2,0,444.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,8.0,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,881.53,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,4.2,3.7,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,632.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,student,2.4,1.5,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,357.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,22.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,second,none,unemployed,6.8,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,61,55+,highest,none,unemployed,3.1,34.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,second,none,student,3.0,5.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,423.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,61,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.0,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,2762.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,student,11.8,4.5,1,savings,Capitec,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.2,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,1,0,106.2,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,18,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,2.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,14.5,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,633.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,195.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,3.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,8.8,17.7,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,342.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,3.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,35.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,21.0,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,57,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,14.5,13.0,1,current,Sonibank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,14.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,12.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,28.7,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,65,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,student,0.4,0.3,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,302.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,29.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,34.3,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.7,8.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,6.4,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,3.6,1,current,KCB,4,0,472.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,0.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,62,55+,second,none,self_employed,3.6,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,230.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,32.7,26.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,8.6,1.8,1,savings,Stanbic,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.1,0.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,184.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,726.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.1,0.1,1,current,KCB,4,0,1093.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,3.5,1,current,FNB,2,0,297.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,student,11.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.5,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,6.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,student,0.1,1.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,855.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,2.4,1.0,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,449.43,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,18.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,24.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,34.5,22.8,1,savings,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.1,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1073.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,0.2,1,current,NBS Bank,4,0,208.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,48.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,38.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.4,11.1,1,savings,Centenary,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,24.5,28.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,65,55+,middle,primary,student,9.6,0.4,1,current,Absa,4,0,659.31,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.8,5.9,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,785.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.2,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,4886.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,0.5,6.0,1,salary_account,NCBA,1,0,706.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,24.7,14.8,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,2488.9,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,2.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,2396.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,22.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.5,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,4.3,0.5,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,69,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.6,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.2,2.7,1,salary_account,GCB,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.1,3.6,1,savings,CRDB,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,2.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,2.6,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,72.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,10.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.2,1,salary_account,NCBA,3,0,367.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.0,6.7,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,442.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,25.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,0.9,1,savings,KCB,2,0,392.72,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.2,17.1,1,current,GCB,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.4,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,15.1,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,6.9,4.1,1,savings,UBA,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,5.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,student,5.7,3.1,1,savings,BHS,2,0,765.17,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.5,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2474.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.5,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,5.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,23.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,855.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,0.8,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,60.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,27.3,7.7,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,student,0.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,240.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,2.6,24.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,402.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,5.9,1.7,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,736.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,45.6,21.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,34.0,5.6,1,savings,FNB,2,0,105.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,student,7.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,13.9,7.7,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,138.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,50.3,35.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,19.6,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,639.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,2,0,4654.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,30.0,2.6,1,current,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,40.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,4.1,1.6,1,savings,National Bank,4,0,246.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,19.1,2.4,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,3430.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,7.9,1.7,1,current,Absa,4,0,755.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,student,5.9,1.4,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,110.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,1.3,0.0,1,savings,BDM,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,79.9,6.2,1,current,UBA,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,student,2.2,4.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,365.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,30.1,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.5,12.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,387.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,self_employed,49.4,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,9.0,2.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,student,7.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,23.1,22.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,58,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,2.1,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,4653.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.0,0.3,1,salary_account,GCB,1,0,2127.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.7,0.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,119.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,student,0.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.1,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,150.37,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.6,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,10.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,64,55+,middle,none,self_employed,38.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,57,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,0.5,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,905.52,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,38.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.1,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,1.8,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,385.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,6.5,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,student,3.7,2.7,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,5001.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,11.6,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.3,1,savings,UBA,2,0,1677.32,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,4.6,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,1941.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,62,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,5.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,12.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,student,4.6,3.4,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,553.71,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,0.5,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,134.09,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,61,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,1.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,52.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,28.4,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.6,2.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1838.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,0.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.3,5.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,711.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,second,primary,student,1.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,0.2,9.6,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,2064.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,3.1,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,0.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,1403.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,70,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,4.4,1,savings,BHS,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.9,8.7,1,current,Ecobank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,8.7,11.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,1600.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,18.1,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,4.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,69,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,9.7,1,current,Coris Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.2,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,60.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,student,3.3,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,16.1,8.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,230.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.6,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,59.0,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,74,55+,second,none,unemployed,26.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,1.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,7.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,second,none,unemployed,1.4,0.8,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,281.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,71,55+,middle,primary,student,14.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,45.0,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,3.9,1,current,DFCU,4,0,576.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.0,10.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.8,1,current,First National Bank,3,0,910.27,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.6,1,savings,Absa,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,4.3,1,savings,GCB,2,0,316.19,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,1221.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,2150.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.4,5.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,365.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,13.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,15.3,7.9,1,savings,KCB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,2.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,6364.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,65.7,27.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,secondary,student,5.6,0.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1891.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,student,5.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,3.7,2.2,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,9.6,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,1.2,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,2633.4,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,13.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,6.1,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,871.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.3,1.5,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,448.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,56.7,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.3,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,617.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,0.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,320.08,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.8,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.2,19.8,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,536.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.2,5.8,1,savings,NBC,2,0,602.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,0.9,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,3.9,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,918.12,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,4.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,14.8,1,savings,UBA,1,0,475.5,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,3.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,31.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,3011.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.8,7.6,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,898.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,26.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,25.8,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,middle,none,student,25.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,14.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,student,32.4,3.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,594.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,7.9,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,57.09,none,1,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.0,0.4,1,savings,First National Bank,0,24,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,student,0.6,0.1,1,savings,Société Générale,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,42.9,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,4.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,22.8,31.5,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,1861.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,18.3,1.1,1,current,DFCU,1,0,478.03,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,19.5,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1229.47,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,11.4,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Sonibank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,31.3,7.5,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1887.85,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,4.7,14.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,0.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.2,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,2202.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.7,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,0.7,1,savings,BDM,2,0,61.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,1.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,122.02,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,6.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,200.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.3,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,2.4,1,current,FNB,2,0,350.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,3.1,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1202.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,2,0,497.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,5.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,student,31.7,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,16.9,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,844.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.3,0.7,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,101.34,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,1,0,141.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,59,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.1,6.0,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,536.69,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,second,none,unemployed,5.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,student,0.5,0.8,1,current,Standard Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,unemployed,14.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,8.4,0.7,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,500.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,7.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,none,self_employed,24.0,8.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,654.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,5.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,2.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.7,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,10.4,30.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.6,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.1,8.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,9.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,196.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,66,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,4,0,524.4,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,40.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,284.08,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,student,9.8,2.1,1,savings,BAK,4,0,2711.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,3.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,9.0,13.9,1,savings,GCB,1,0,410.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,employed_formal,5.4,0.3,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,527.47,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,second,none,unemployed,6.0,28.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.8,0.7,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,5111.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,1.0,1,current,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,student,29.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,27.3,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.9,1,savings,FNB,4,0,1550.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,15.2,4.3,1,savings,BDM,2,0,495.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,840.21,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,6.7,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,student,1.5,10.2,1,savings,KCB,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,11.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.2,1.5,1,savings,BDM,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.3,1.4,1,savings,KCB,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,29.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,65,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.7,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,4,0,367.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,1.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,1705.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,65,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.9,3.2,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,289.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,10.8,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.1,1,current,NCBA,3,0,3694.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.8,3.3,1,savings,BHS,3,0,118.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,19.8,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.5,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,4722.74,none,1,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,3.5,0.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,4002.93,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,9.4,27.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.4,0.1,1,current,Absa,1,0,3351.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,4.6,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.1,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,3,0,855.77,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.6,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,15.4,2.6,1,savings,Zanaco,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.7,0.1,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,924.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,2.4,1,savings,BAK,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,31.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.2,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,317.72,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,66,55+,highest,none,unemployed,26.8,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,0.1,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,133.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.0,1.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,7429.96,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,14.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.3,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,3.4,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,44.7,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,6.5,12.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,234.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.7,28.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,31.9,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,4629.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.6,38.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,19.7,9.9,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,570.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.1,3.5,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,91.08,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.8,4.3,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,4987.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.8,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,4.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,511.85,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.0,3.7,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,801.78,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,8.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,1.0,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1304.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,student,1.2,1.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,400.83,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,0.5,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,44,35-44,second,none,student,3.2,1.4,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,686.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,36.3,41.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,1.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,3,0,291.41,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,none,student,0.8,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.0,1.9,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,541.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,63.7,5.6,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,658.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,21.7,1.4,1,savings,BDM,0,23,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,4.9,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,student,14.8,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.1,3.9,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,10.8,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,1,0,2977.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,31.9,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,student,1.0,1.1,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,733.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,9.0,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,7.0,1,salary_account,CBAO,1,0,1974.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,1.6,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,443.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,none,unemployed,11.1,2.9,1,savings,Nedbank,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,11.5,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,2.1,0.1,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,765.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,student,1.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,11.7,16.7,1,current,GCB,4,0,2235.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,4.0,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,9.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.7,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,18,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,3,0,2492.09,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,7.4,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,13.4,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.5,0.0,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1032.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,13.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.7,0.3,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,148.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,68.2,15.4,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,2273.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.2,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1285.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,7.6,1.8,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,496.35,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,9.8,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,11.9,2.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1562.48,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,151.06,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,321.48,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,8.9,1.1,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,296.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,3.1,1.4,1,savings,KCB,3,0,387.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,13.3,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,7.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.0,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,student,16.7,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,6.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.7,1.1,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,510.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,11.3,5.6,1,salary_account,Zanaco,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,29.2,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.6,4.8,1,savings,FBNBank,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.9,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,1190.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,59,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.8,1.7,1,savings,BCI,1,0,124.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.4,4.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,358.91,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,student,0.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.8,19.5,1,savings,NMB,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,6.5,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.2,5.9,1,savings,First National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,18.3,24.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.1,0.8,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,2880.52,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,4.7,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,728.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.2,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,295.02,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,8.0,2.1,1,salary_account,Fidelity,4,0,1704.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,60,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,2.0,1,salary_account,Stanbic,3,0,887.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,16.9,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.9,1.7,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,2473.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,student,39.8,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,61.0,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.7,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.4,2.8,1,savings,NCBA,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,69,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,41.4,0.5,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1739.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,8.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.6,0.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,367.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,23.6,4.3,1,current,Absa,3,0,368.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,43.8,4.7,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,0.9,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1618.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.3,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,14.0,1,fixed_deposit,NMB,1,0,1218.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,4.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,2.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,1.0,5.3,1,current,BHS,2,0,1513.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,13.3,9.3,1,savings,UBA,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,0.7,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,3553.61,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,current,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,unemployed,10.1,26.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,10.1,2.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,2.4,1,current,Centenary,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.6,3.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,757.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,26.0,3.6,1,savings,KCB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.4,7.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1175.63,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,224.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,17.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,45.2,0.9,1,current,KCB,3,0,1066.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,23.7,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,second,none,unemployed,3.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.2,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,5.2,0.4,1,savings,CBAO,3,0,1007.38,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.0,23.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,180.55,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,51.9,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,38.1,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,67,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,13.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,student,3.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.5,1.8,1,savings,Moza Banco,4,0,211.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,6.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,20.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.3,0.0,1,savings,Fidelity,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.0,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,1509.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,26.5,19.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,17.8,3.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,4.2,0.4,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,805.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,38.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,none,student,34.5,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.8,1,savings,Equity BCDC,3,0,314.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,4.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,16.4,7.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,2.3,3.4,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,8004.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Awash Bank,1,0,917.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.7,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,9.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,15.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,6.8,1.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,616.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,student,7.1,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,2.4,1,current,National Bank,2,0,230.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,420.47,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,2.3,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.9,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,1821.72,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,61,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,15.1,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.5,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,2.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,student,4.0,2.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,125.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,2.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,18.0,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,60,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,59,55+,second,none,unemployed,2.6,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,unemployed,12.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,2,0,448.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,43.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.9,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,1,0,257.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,102.4,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.2,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,123.18,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,76.0,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,student,3.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,1.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,163.38,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,28.6,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,25.5,6.2,1,savings,NBC,4,0,331.68,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,18.2,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.4,19.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,27.9,16.4,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,3,0,2517.7,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,16.8,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.8,43.1,1,savings,Nedbank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,7.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,24.6,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,14.6,15.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,student,9.0,17.9,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,281.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,57,55+,second,none,student,11.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,10.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,71,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.8,1.8,1,savings,BDM,3,0,282.47,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.1,6.3,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,731.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,62.4,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,32.5,1.0,1,savings,First National Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,29.3,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,62,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,72,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,2.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,0.4,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,294.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,7.4,0.8,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,2188.6,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,9.2,12.8,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,2263.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,113.16,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,0.4,3.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,49.0,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,63,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.8,1,current,KCB,2,0,104.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.4,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.3,1,current,Stanbic,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.5,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.0,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,258.74,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,0.9,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,1,0,1058.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.0,7.2,1,savings,GCB,2,0,88.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,33.6,3.5,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,698.84,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.8,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,2117.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,21.6,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,401.24,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.0,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,6.2,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,5642.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.4,1,current,BCI,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,15.3,9.9,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,454.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,second,none,unemployed,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,14.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,student,58.0,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,4,0,282.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,71,55+,highest,primary,student,4.8,4.9,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,3032.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,16.2,0.9,1,current,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,38.7,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.0,0.9,1,savings,KCB,4,0,79.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.9,0.0,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.7,0.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,483.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,2.5,1.8,1,savings,KCB,3,0,1187.6,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,67,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,29.8,0.1,1,savings,BHS,3,0,1025.51,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.3,1.9,1,savings,BDM,4,0,787.74,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,student,8.5,3.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1467.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.5,3.2,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,218.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,10.6,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,22,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,4.4,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,671.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.5,3.3,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,147.19,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.6,7.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,503.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,employed_informal,26.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,67,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,8.5,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,1,0,4372.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,1245.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,9.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,6546.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,11.9,3.9,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,133.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,68,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,0.0,1,current,GCB,1,0,762.93,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,24.0,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,307.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,31.4,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,31.4,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,68,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,22.4,30.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,student,2.1,1.2,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,322.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,51.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,1.0,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,864.19,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.8,0.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,656.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,24.0,17.7,1,savings,UBA,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,1.1,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.0,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,1,0,341.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,27.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,1.7,1,savings,First Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,6.0,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.9,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,304.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,6.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.3,2.4,1,savings,FNB,1,0,626.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,13.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,second,none,student,11.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.8,0.1,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,1401.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,23.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.8,1,savings,Sonibank,4,0,217.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.3,16.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,503.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,39.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,243.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.3,0.3,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,187.95,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.9,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.1,2.8,1,current,First Bank,3,0,1602.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.4,10.4,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1313.08,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.9,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,1134.2,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,46.9,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,434.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,66,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.1,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,0.6,1,savings,NBC,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,employed_formal,21.2,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,student,16.2,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,60,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.9,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1593.25,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,12.4,2.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,49.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,1,current,First Bank,3,0,175.4,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,6.2,2.9,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,258.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.0,1.1,1,savings,First Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,28.2,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,1.1,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,884.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,22.3,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.3,1,current,FNB,3,0,113.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,3.3,1.1,1,current,Access Bank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.4,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,3110.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,1.3,1.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2757.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,7.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,39.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,9.7,1.4,1,savings,First Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,8.8,12.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,528.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,student,0.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.2,16.8,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1238.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,student,0.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.7,1,savings,Nedbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,9.1,1.2,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,85.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.8,1.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,603.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,12.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.9,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,second,primary,student,9.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.2,3.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,234.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,17.0,26.0,1,savings,NBC,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.8,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,2.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,14.6,11.1,1,current,BHS,2,0,3513.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,1.1,1,current,Centenary,4,0,1881.71,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,69,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,928.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,7.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,33.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,3,0,421.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,25.3,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,9.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.4,2.7,1,savings,CBAO,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,38.5,17.1,1,current,Standard Bank,4,0,501.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.7,12.2,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,975.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.7,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,2712.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,8.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1782.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,26.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,73,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,20.5,14.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,20.9,1,savings,CBAO,3,0,487.17,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,8.8,7.4,1,savings,FBNBank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,9.4,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,student,8.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,12.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.6,1.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,359.65,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,primary,student,7.5,0.6,1,savings,UBA,3,0,79.81,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,60,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,25.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,7.1,22.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.1,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,905.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,18.6,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2532.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,67,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,15.8,1,salary_account,CBAO,2,0,1133.23,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.4,1,salary_account,BHS,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.9,30.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,24.1,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,8.4,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,1270.1,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.3,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,56.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,student,4.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,6.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,14.6,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,878.57,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.1,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1586.94,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,9.7,0.3,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,1813.45,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,5.1,2.5,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,1021.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,26,25-34,fourth,primary,student,3.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,180.6,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,25.6,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,student,29.2,3.8,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,214.52,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,student,9.4,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,15.0,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,17.7,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2587.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.5,35.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,14.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.9,1,savings,KCB,3,0,1260.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.6,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,68.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,11.7,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.3,31.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,13.6,3.9,1,salary_account,NBC,1,0,1916.08,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.4,30.6,1,savings,UBA,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.4,12.2,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,54.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,5.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,10.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,0.6,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,1727.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.1,11.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.1,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,796.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.4,1,savings,GCB,1,0,141.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,35.2,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,58,55+,second,none,employed_formal,16.9,2.1,1,current,GCB,1,0,317.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,1050.44,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.2,0.6,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,501.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,56,55+,middle,none,student,2.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,10.1,6.9,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,2,0,480.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,17.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,1014.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,9.9,0.6,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,321.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.6,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,41.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,10.4,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,22.9,9.0,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1831.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.8,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,student,1.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,28,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,1,0,128.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,52.1,44.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,12.9,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,69,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.8,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,348.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.4,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,71,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,9.2,0.7,1,savings,First Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.2,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.0,1.3,1,current,First Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,1.8,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.8,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,19.5,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,661.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.7,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,39.1,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,0.6,1,current,Stanbic,4,0,546.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,3.8,1,current,Nedbank,4,0,260.22,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.5,0.9,1,savings,BCI,2,0,435.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,23.6,29.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,student,33.4,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,student,3.1,1.4,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,134.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,3.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,91.8,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,29.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,62,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,student,4.5,2.9,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,278.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,27.2,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,1234.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.5,2.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,352.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.8,6.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.9,5.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,33.7,6.9,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,130.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,1.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,1342.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,6.6,1.2,1,current,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,1.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,10.1,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,5.6,3.9,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,506.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,23.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,9.0,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,648.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,1.5,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,1022.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,37.2,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,35.6,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,2.7,1.7,1,savings,Absa,4,0,353.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,27.1,2.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,4,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,0.4,1,current,UBA,1,0,116.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.0,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,72,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,33.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,5.9,7.1,1,current,Equity Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,56,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,second,tertiary,student,1.0,4.6,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,174.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,35.3,20.0,1,current,FNB,1,0,160.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,42.1,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBS Bank,1,0,1629.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,56,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,38.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,0.6,1,savings,BHS,3,0,1140.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,9.0,1,current,CRDB,1,0,3709.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,12.0,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,19.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,2.6,1,salary_account,First National Bank,4,0,168.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,1,current,Fidelity,4,0,246.62,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,64,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,3.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,204.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,student,10.3,1.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,587.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,9.5,1.4,1,current,DFCU,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,7.3,25.6,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,860.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,5.0,40.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,4.7,5.4,1,savings,Capitec,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.3,9.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,61.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,12.3,10.5,1,salary_account,Cooperative Bank,2,0,649.08,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.1,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,26.4,42.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,2857.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,2.7,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,425.34,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,7.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,8.8,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,8.0,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,333.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.9,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.8,1,savings,BAK,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,5.5,5.6,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,523.75,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,22.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.3,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,student,25.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.8,1,savings,BCDC,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,24.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,29.7,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1189.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.7,2.4,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,1765.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,74,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.2,6.0,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,388.7,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.7,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,1.4,3.1,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,876.59,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,9.6,16.0,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,110.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,61.9,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.1,0.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,164.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.3,1.8,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,2707.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,1.7,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,133.27,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.0,8.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,769.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.5,3.0,1,salary_account,FNB,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,student,18.2,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.8,3.0,1,savings,Absa,2,0,97.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,4.8,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.0,0.5,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,643.85,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,7.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,0.7,1,current,Orabank,1,0,51.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,74,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.5,2.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,second,none,unemployed,4.7,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,71,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,12.8,15.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,843.53,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.0,10.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,113.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,64,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.4,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.5,4.4,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.4,0.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.0,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,1.5,39.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,8.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,453.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,6.5,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,864.72,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,39.9,0.5,1,current,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,2.6,1,savings,BHS,1,0,333.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,5.1,9.0,1,savings,FNB,1,0,797.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,8.0,1,salary_account,Fidelity,2,0,1894.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,3.1,0.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,31.8,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,1.1,1,current,FDH Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,0.6,3.0,1,savings,GCB,2,0,941.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,598.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,146.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,15.7,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.3,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,National Bank,1,0,164.1,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.1,1.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,87.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,none,student,4.2,24.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,11.1,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,31.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,student,14.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.9,11.4,1,current,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.4,0.1,1,current,National Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,60,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,6.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,17.4,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1732.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,1.5,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,1.1,1,current,DFCU,1,0,3925.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,6.3,0.8,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1240.08,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.7,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,0.0,0.3,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,67,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,16.1,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.6,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.2,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,0.7,1,current,BAK,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.4,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,68,55+,second,secondary,student,2.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,1.9,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,0.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,285.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,18.4,32.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,2.6,3.8,1,savings,First National Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.1,4.4,1,current,GTBank,1,0,165.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.9,2.2,1,current,GCB,2,0,581.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,salary_account,Sonibank,1,0,546.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,61,55+,second,primary,unemployed,52.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.2,3.8,1,current,FNB,1,0,577.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,4.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.6,1,current,Equity Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,8.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,12.0,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,7.9,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,758.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,second,primary,student,2.7,1.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,747.46,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.3,45.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,26.4,4.4,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,1433.71,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,19.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,1.2,1,current,First Bank,2,0,1090.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,746.05,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.2,1.5,1,savings,Zanaco,4,0,1265.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,51.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,12.7,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,67,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.4,8.3,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,1460.84,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,1.6,2.8,1,salary_account,DFCU,0,14,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,11.1,0.9,1,current,BAK,3,0,2237.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,17.8,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,38.5,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,12.8,1.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,370.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,none,student,3.2,0.2,1,savings,Absa,3,0,380.75,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,1.4,1,savings,Sonibank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,4.3,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,2.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,24.9,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.1,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.8,1.1,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,855.34,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,14.3,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,26.2,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,student,20.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.8,2.0,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.2,1.2,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,1183.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,27.2,1.2,1,savings,Fidelity,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,21.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,40.1,1,savings,Millennium BIM,3,0,976.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.6,2.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,2344.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.3,35.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,723.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,0.5,1,savings,First National Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,1.7,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,2738.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,474.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,22.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.5,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,17.6,42.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,1.7,1,savings,Absa,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,57,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,0.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,4.6,1,savings,BCI,1,0,1620.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,18.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,7.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,20.9,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,12.8,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,1.4,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,133.29,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,1.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,2545.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,33.6,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,self_employed,19.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,325.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,student,3.4,0.4,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,2,0,463.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.4,11.1,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,518.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,1.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,64,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,74,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,5.8,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,841.71,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,48.1,16.5,1,current,Standard Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,306.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.1,23.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,426.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,13.7,1.9,1,savings,Absa,0,9,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,0.5,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,2.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,165.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,2.7,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,4.2,2.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,19.7,20.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1083.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,0.8,21.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,29.1,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,51.5,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,62,55+,middle,none,self_employed,8.1,1.9,1,current,NBS Bank,3,0,562.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,5.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,none,unemployed,13.4,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,14.6,43.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.4,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.7,32.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,4.3,1,savings,FBNBank,2,0,800.51,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.8,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,none,student,3.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,28.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,9.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.8,8.3,1,salary_account,GTBank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.7,27.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,student,5.5,0.8,1,salary_account,Société Générale,2,0,1486.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.5,1,current,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,student,33.5,25.5,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,1,0,561.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.8,1,savings,BHS,2,0,1129.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,67,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,27.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,61,55+,middle,none,unemployed,41.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,3545.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,2.9,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.6,4.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,411.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,49.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,2.4,1,current,Absa,2,0,445.79,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,46.7,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.2,6.3,1,savings,FNB,1,0,536.25,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.7,0.2,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1621.65,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,8.9,18.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,1096.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.9,1,current,BMCD,1,0,447.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,16.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,2.3,0.6,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,311.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,69,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,student,24.0,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,4.0,1.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,46.6,18.2,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,3821.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.2,1,salary_account,FNB,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.1,0.8,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,405.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,0.4,1.3,1,savings,FNB,3,0,616.64,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.6,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,3.6,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,0.5,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,255.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,9.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.4,19.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,1567.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,12.6,2.0,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,1684.04,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,90.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.1,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,519.42,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.7,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,12.0,1,current,Orabank,2,0,135.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.2,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,78.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,70,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,28.1,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,11.2,18.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,none,student,4.6,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1578.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,20.7,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.9,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.7,0.3,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,1712.74,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,student,31.6,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,22.2,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.3,1,savings,UBA,1,0,2677.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,1.7,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,353.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,41.5,3.6,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,873.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,14.5,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,3.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.0,2.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,199.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,1.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,student,38.2,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,67,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,8.7,3.1,1,savings,NBC,1,0,554.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,3.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,779.25,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.2,1.7,1,current,BDM,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.9,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,307.05,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,second,none,student,3.5,0.5,1,savings,Absa,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,9.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,1.1,1,current,Absa,4,0,849.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,61,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,21.6,0.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,894.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,22.4,0.1,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.6,10.7,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,170.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,46.3,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,17.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.7,0.3,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,439.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,student,18.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,5.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,3.5,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,464.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,9.7,22.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.6,24.6,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,899.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.0,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,17.7,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,9.0,1.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,7.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,4,0,994.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.9,1.1,1,current,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,42.8,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,19.8,12.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,57.65,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.5,0.8,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,409.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,student,1.6,0.5,1,savings,Nedbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.6,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,677.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,33.07,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,11.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,2.2,1,savings,First Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,1.1,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,1094.86,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,13.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.7,0.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.6,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.5,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,2439.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,67,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,13.2,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.7,1,savings,First National Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,59,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.6,1,salary_account,Orabank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,3.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.0,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,self_employed,36.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.3,10.2,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,793.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,3.3,1,current,Equity Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,12.9,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,2.5,3.7,1,fixed_deposit,Rawbank,1,0,4149.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,5.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.0,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,530.98,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,63,55+,middle,none,self_employed,4.3,2.1,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,709.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.2,0.8,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,434.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.0,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,2863.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,14.3,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,42.2,14.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,399.16,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.9,2.7,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,348.67,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,4.8,7.6,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,3,0,4112.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,5.1,4.3,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,107.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,38.5,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,22.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.0,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,200.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.6,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,665.35,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1330.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.5,0.6,1,current,Orabank,1,0,939.29,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,58,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,0.1,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,651.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,1,current,BCI,2,0,5044.04,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,0.7,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,156.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,27.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,1.6,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,599.41,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,32.4,15.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,405.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.4,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,1,0,199.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,2.2,1,savings,KCB,1,0,2254.48,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,23.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,22.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,1.9,0.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,425.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,62.7,0.4,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,3366.07,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,6.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,2.5,1,current,Orabank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.9,16.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,student,1.8,1.5,1,savings,BHS,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,8.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.0,0.3,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,69.25,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,18.7,60.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,904.02,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.9,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,9.6,4.4,1,salary_account,Nedbank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,17.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.8,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,700.18,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,14.7,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.6,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,68,55+,second,none,unemployed,8.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,23.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,0.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,1.1,1,salary_account,KCB,1,0,530.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.2,1.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,511.77,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,19.8,8.6,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,157.23,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.3,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,16.8,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,0.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,13.7,0.1,1,savings,NCBA,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.8,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,497.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.4,1.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,162.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,2.3,6.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,417.52,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,837.32,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.0,1,savings,Fidelity,3,0,3091.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.9,2.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,1.0,1,current,KCB,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,8.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,12.3,2.5,1,current,GTBank,2,0,2708.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,6.8,6.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,188.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,1.1,1.1,1,current,Centenary,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.9,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,308.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,4.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,958.99,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.6,2.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,469.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,58,55+,highest,tertiary,student,4.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.2,42.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,11.6,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,student,0.3,2.0,1,savings,BHS,2,0,204.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.4,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,10.7,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,236.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.2,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,second,none,student,0.8,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,123.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.3,30.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.3,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.2,1,savings,FBNBank,2,0,474.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.9,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,15.7,19.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,76.2,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,146.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,27.4,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.4,11.3,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,291.52,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.0,1,savings,UBA,2,0,1893.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,32.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.6,2.4,1,current,KCB,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.5,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,2695.25,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.3,1.3,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,119.6,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,4.3,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,3.6,0.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,410.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,118.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,savings,Coris Bank,2,0,72.68,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.9,0.3,1,current,BMCD,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,16.9,1,savings,CBAO,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.9,18.4,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,513.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.7,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.8,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.4,1.6,1,savings,KCB,4,0,817.94,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.9,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,3131.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.3,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,83.85,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,30.5,4.7,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,249.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,6.9,16.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.5,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,5901.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.1,0.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,324.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,5.8,10.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,268.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.0,2.8,1,current,GTBank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.4,0.5,1,savings,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,none,student,6.0,11.7,1,savings,Ecobank,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,12.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,student,37.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,student,5.1,1.5,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1359.33,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.5,43.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,64,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,47.7,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Rawbank,3,0,472.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.6,3.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,1.0,0.5,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,3,0,224.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,71,55+,highest,none,self_employed,13.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,65.3,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,64,55+,second,none,employed_informal,3.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,101.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,33.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,16.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,74,55+,middle,none,unemployed,25.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.0,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,510.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,student,7.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,24.5,3.7,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,3.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,27.9,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,25.7,4.8,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,853.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,12.9,2.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,167.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,21.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,24.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,none,student,4.7,0.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1287.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,13.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,1.9,1,salary_account,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.3,23.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.5,3.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,286.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,15.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,0.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1991.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,0.7,1,savings,BHS,4,0,4046.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.5,1,current,Nedbank,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.4,6.5,1,salary_account,FNB,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,39,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,21.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,233.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.2,1.8,1,savings,KCB,1,0,237.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,18.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,20.8,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,19.6,12.9,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,3521.47,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,64,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,10.1,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,3.9,1,current,BCDC,1,0,1540.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,3.7,1,savings,DFCU,4,0,5451.91,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,10.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.1,3.2,1,current,BAK,0,3,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,6.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,28.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,68,55+,highest,none,self_employed,0.3,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,0.2,2.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,317.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.5,0.7,1,savings,UBA,4,0,33.86,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,44.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,36.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,14.7,0.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1214.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,32.7,6.0,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,155.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,14.6,0.9,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,497.94,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.3,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,12.6,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,920.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,0.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,23.1,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,12.0,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,17.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,7.6,22.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.0,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.5,2.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,289.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,2.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.6,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.3,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,2976.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,3.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,45.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,19.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,19.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,73,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,student,2.6,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.9,5.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,1043.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.4,1.1,1,salary_account,NMB,2,0,5151.96,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,2.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,236.62,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,student,6.4,1.7,1,savings,BHS,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,49.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,0.7,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,41.6,16.9,1,savings,NMB,3,0,2383.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,1045.25,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,9.1,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.7,4.7,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,939.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,12.9,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.5,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,21.0,17.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,1.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,1.3,1.2,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,126.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.8,1.9,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,1266.67,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.2,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.4,0.9,1,current,Ecobank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,12.1,18.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,349.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.6,4.6,1,savings,GTBank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,28.3,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.2,5.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,250.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,2.4,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,984.28,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,23.8,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,2.7,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,1,0,1003.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,49.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,11.5,15.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,39.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.8,6.0,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,60.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,10.5,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,18.7,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,18.8,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,45.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,343.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.6,0.2,1,current,Coris Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.0,2.2,1,savings,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,32.7,6.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,196.53,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.3,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,8.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,8.3,10.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2698.02,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,15.5,16.7,1,savings,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,27.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,1.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,22.5,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.1,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.4,1,current,CRDB,1,0,908.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,0.9,3.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,254.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,0.1,1,savings,BMCD,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,none,student,7.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,29.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,68,55+,second,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.1,1.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.4,5.1,1,fixed_deposit,BAK,2,0,374.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,3.1,3.8,1,current,Fidelity,1,0,268.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.1,1.2,1,current,BMCD,2,0,110.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.0,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,50,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,3.0,1,savings,NMB,3,0,301.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,2.6,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,2.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,122.98,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,39.4,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,0.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,5525.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,4.0,20.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,4.7,2.8,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,2,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.7,5.8,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,131.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,33.2,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.2,6.9,1,savings,Orabank,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.8,5.4,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.3,6.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,13.5,1.3,1,current,FNB,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,1.1,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,2042.15,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.3,0.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,73.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,student,3.1,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,73,55+,highest,primary,student,27.4,20.3,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,6315.41,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.9,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,1.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,11.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,7.2,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,223.71,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.6,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,primary,student,0.2,1.2,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,1,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,26.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,4.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,18.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,2.3,1,savings,GTBank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,1.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,1.6,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,0.4,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,86.56,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.6,1,savings,NMB,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.6,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,97.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,20.9,2.8,1,current,BMCD,1,0,3196.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,1593.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1602.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,70,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,student,2.4,0.9,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,1678.87,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,4.9,1,current,Orabank,3,0,587.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,6.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,66,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,17.6,13.0,1,current,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,10.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,180.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,6.9,1.9,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,784.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.1,0.9,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,3249.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,68,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Centenary,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,0.7,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.6,0.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,223.16,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,secondary,student,25.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,43.0,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,15.7,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,67,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,9.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,21.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,2.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,30.4,28.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,14.5,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,583.65,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,10.2,20.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.7,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.3,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.1,7.3,1,savings,KCB,1,0,459.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.4,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.5,1.2,1,current,BAK,1,0,1253.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,16.4,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,4521.05,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,72,55+,highest,none,self_employed,2.1,0.2,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,79.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,17.1,9.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,1293.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.6,1.3,1,savings,Stanbic,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.0,5.8,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,154.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,57,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,22.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,6.3,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,student,29.8,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,6.7,14.2,1,savings,Absa,2,0,159.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,2,0,609.04,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,29.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.8,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,1,0,593.04,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,6.6,2.3,1,savings,KCB,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,3.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,60,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,10.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,14.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,35.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.2,1,current,Millennium BIM,3,0,87.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,16.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.9,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,8.2,1.1,1,current,GTBank,4,0,2195.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,8.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,18.1,2.0,1,current,KCB,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,6.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,2.1,3.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,771.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,70,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,11.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,7.4,11.9,1,savings,CRDB,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,15.0,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,2.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,student,3.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,4.1,1.3,1,salary_account,Zanaco,3,0,774.86,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.2,0.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.1,12.2,1,salary_account,BAK,1,0,421.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.3,1,salary_account,GTBank,3,0,2060.56,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.7,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,9.5,0.3,1,current,Coris Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,student,22.5,20.2,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,857.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,4.4,2.2,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,1,0,1441.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,6.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,10.3,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,527.13,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,0.1,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,3.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,student,1.8,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,17.0,28.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,0.4,3.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,4.3,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,144.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,6.6,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.8,0.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,593.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,30.0,0.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,238.24,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,36.6,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,15.9,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,51.8,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,3,0,464.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,714.62,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.9,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,6.1,3.0,1,savings,BAK,3,0,609.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.5,1.9,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1632.91,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,3.8,39.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,23.0,4.1,1,savings,NMB,2,0,1390.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,16.2,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,506.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,17.9,7.2,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,1019.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,2.0,0.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,10075.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,358.92,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,15.4,6.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,1154.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.4,6.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,365.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,9.9,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.0,2.0,1,savings,KCB,2,0,320.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.4,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,74,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,12.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,2.7,0.6,1,savings,Absa,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,15.7,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.8,13.6,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,17.6,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,5.1,37.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,66,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,50.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,5.1,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Nedbank,1,0,9625.54,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,17.7,3.4,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,student,45.4,0.7,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,1102.08,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,16.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,27.2,2.7,1,current,FNB,1,0,119.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,20.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,0.8,1,savings,BHS,2,0,370.18,none,1,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,46.2,17.5,1,current,Absa,3,0,2328.95,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,0.6,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,2190.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,student,21.6,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,56,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,21.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,unemployed,4.7,12.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,student,11.4,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.3,5.3,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,220.11,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,43.7,39.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,13.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,32.0,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,399.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,32.2,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.6,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.6,0.0,1,current,Absa,4,0,187.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,17.7,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.4,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,110.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.9,2.8,1,current,Capitec,3,0,1745.8,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,40.9,0.8,1,current,Nedbank,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,15.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,3.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2581.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,2.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,90.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,14.7,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,53.3,7.7,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,0.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.5,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,63,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,1.2,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,student,4.1,3.6,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,293.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.5,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,student,5.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,30.7,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.5,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,student,1.7,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,37.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,25,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,30.5,0.1,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,610.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.5,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,11.8,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,4.5,1.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,368.89,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,57,55+,highest,primary,student,9.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,24.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,63,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,second,primary,student,7.9,4.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,798.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,59,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,4.1,0.3,1,current,BCI,3,0,468.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,17.1,7.6,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,1590.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.0,1.1,1,salary_account,GCB,2,0,10320.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,38.2,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,386.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,17.9,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,234.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,1,savings,GCB,4,0,296.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,18.9,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,7.2,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,13.9,1,current,DFCU,2,0,575.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,62,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,16.1,15.5,1,savings,Nedbank,0,23,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,69,55+,highest,primary,student,56.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,student,10.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.5,13.9,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,1311.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,20.2,20.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,unemployed,29.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,1.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.7,1.9,1,salary_account,GTBank,1,0,6667.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,39.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,27.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1673.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.9,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.0,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,3.9,1,savings,Absa,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,4.3,2.1,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1104.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Centenary,2,0,602.12,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,second,none,unemployed,1.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,8.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,1.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,774.18,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,13,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.8,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,5.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.3,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,2.5,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.7,4.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,1,0,770.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,65,55+,middle,primary,student,2.4,0.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,2,0,505.93,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,74,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,2.6,0.5,1,current,Capitec,1,0,428.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,6.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.3,1.4,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.3,4.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,360.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,48,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,5.3,5.2,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,528.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.7,3.3,1,salary_account,First National Bank,1,0,44.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,45.7,9.0,1,savings,CBAO,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,74,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,25.1,1.9,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,2469.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,34.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,26.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,student,10.2,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,1.2,1,savings,FNB,2,0,847.24,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,25.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.9,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,68,55+,second,none,employed_informal,1.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.6,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,4.9,8.2,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,129.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,23,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.0,5.2,1,current,NCBA,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,0.5,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,1127.46,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,10.7,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.3,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,none,self_employed,16.4,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,12.2,2.4,1,salary_account,National Bank,1,0,2232.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,student,38.7,7.5,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,113.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,43.7,26.6,1,current,FNB,1,0,134.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,BCI,4,0,166.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,8.4,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.0,1,current,Access Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,17.1,28.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,17.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.0,0.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,295.1,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,6.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,0.2,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,585.52,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.1,9.7,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,647.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.8,2.5,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,3,0,141.88,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,highest,tertiary,self_employed,9.4,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.4,33.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,19.1,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.8,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,1139.76,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,0.2,1.6,1,savings,Zanaco,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.0,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.0,1.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,24.9,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,0.0,0.6,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,2,0,1859.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.9,4.8,1,savings,BHS,3,0,893.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.0,0.3,1,savings,BHS,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.4,10.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,3.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,1.0,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,1898.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,68,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,8.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,2.4,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,2573.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,13.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,56,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.2,9.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.0,2.5,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,85.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.5,1.7,1,savings,GCB,2,0,123.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,2.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,739.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,63,55+,highest,none,unemployed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,2482.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,19.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,student,0.4,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,1,0,173.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.4,5.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.4,15.3,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,4,0,714.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.2,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,291.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,30.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,20.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.0,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,7.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,26.7,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,40.9,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Centenary,2,0,195.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,33.2,1.0,1,salary_account,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,12.0,4.7,1,savings,CRDB,2,0,836.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,2.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,1.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,1.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,5079.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,0.2,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,2254.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,3.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,student,4.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,22.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.4,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,3.3,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,68,55+,middle,primary,student,2.4,0.6,1,current,NBS Bank,4,0,104.39,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,34.4,31.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,3.4,24.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,16.9,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,5824.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,7.8,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,23.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,student,3.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,71,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.8,0.5,1,current,UBA,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,8.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.7,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,102.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,3.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,929.3,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,21.0,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,61,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,0.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,0.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,3.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,19.3,7.6,1,savings,DFCU,0,14,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.1,0.2,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,362.39,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.1,1.5,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,511.08,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,12.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,16.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,second,none,student,0.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,11.8,3.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,student,5.8,0.0,1,savings,BMCD,1,0,393.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,student,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.6,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,0.7,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,2.8,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,9.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.8,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.6,1.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,1045.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,73,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,2.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,3.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,1640.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,BCI,2,0,128.58,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.0,24.8,1,current,NBC,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,7.5,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,15.5,6.6,1,current,BHS,1,0,2160.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.3,1.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,154.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,40,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,3.8,1,current,GCB,1,0,699.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,9.9,0.1,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,461.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,22.4,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,12.2,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,19.8,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,143.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,primary,student,8.3,13.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.8,1.6,1,savings,NMB,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,46.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,9.0,0.6,1,savings,FNB,1,0,932.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,6.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,3.2,1.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,984.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.5,0.5,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,21.1,3.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,1836.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,primary,student,14.7,3.9,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,469.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.6,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.9,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,8.7,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,558.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,none,student,5.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,71,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.6,1,salary_account,First National Bank,2,0,987.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,19.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.6,0.2,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2483.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,11.9,1.3,1,savings,BDM,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,primary,student,10.3,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,1.1,1,savings,NBC,2,0,412.18,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,8.2,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,25.0,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.5,17.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,48,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,1.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,18.1,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.3,0.1,1,savings,FNB,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.9,10.3,1,savings,GCB,1,0,70.25,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.5,8.6,1,salary_account,BDM,2,0,3065.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,27.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,1.7,5.8,1,salary_account,Nedbank,2,0,2195.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,25.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,23.6,22.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,443.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,22.6,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,65,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,self_employed,14.5,2.9,1,current,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,4.4,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,2822.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,2.1,1,savings,Capitec,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.8,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,33.2,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,5.8,8.4,1,savings,Absa,4,0,1120.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,65,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.1,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,5.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,996.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,10.5,3.6,1,current,I&M Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.7,1,current,First Bank,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,9.8,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,69,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,24.0,12.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,3,0,198.63,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,7.8,4.3,1,savings,BAK,2,0,1792.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,1.9,0.6,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.4,1,salary_account,Sonibank,2,0,3666.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,14.9,28.9,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,439.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,1.5,1,savings,NMB,1,0,276.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,73,55+,second,none,employed_formal,4.0,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,24.1,7.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,56,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,19.5,15.4,1,savings,Absa,2,0,1188.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,14.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,52.9,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.4,4.3,1,current,Millennium BIM,1,0,2853.86,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.5,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,380.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,1.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,397.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.2,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,8.0,8.4,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,1075.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,35.2,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,21.9,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,33.5,36.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,8.2,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,534.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.0,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.1,1.2,1,current,Absa,1,0,518.63,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,63,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,60,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,8.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,15.7,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,31,25-34,second,none,student,3.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,0.9,2.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,498.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.1,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.6,3.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,28.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,18.8,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,2.1,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,11.4,5.4,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,1,0,2703.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.3,3.5,1,salary_account,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,86.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.1,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,391.56,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,student,2.8,1.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,3481.01,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.9,0.1,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,1050.98,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,71,55+,second,none,employed_informal,10.0,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,4.3,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.0,3.1,1,current,Absa,2,0,272.89,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,none,student,7.3,4.1,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,2,0,203.87,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,student,3.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,2.6,4.4,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,840.71,none,1,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,9.3,21.3,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1675.43,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,0.8,1,current,KCB,1,0,708.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,8.1,0.0,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,406.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.3,1.7,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,115.29,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,71,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.0,1.6,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,611.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,6.6,0.6,1,savings,BCI,2,0,2238.28,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,5.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,29,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,3.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.5,4.3,1,salary_account,Fidelity,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,70,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.8,3.0,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,2777.72,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,3,0,443.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,32.5,7.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.6,3.2,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,127.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,44,35-44,second,primary,student,0.7,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,17.8,5.7,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,650.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,9.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,60,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.7,8.9,1,savings,GCB,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,4.2,2.0,1,current,Stanbic,0,12,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.2,3.2,1,fixed_deposit,Moza Banco,1,0,232.68,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,58.1,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,2.9,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,22.65,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,0.9,1,salary_account,I&M Bank,1,0,733.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,4.3,1,savings,Nedbank,1,0,97.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,9.1,5.7,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,4958.35,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,18.5,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,135.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.4,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,18.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,7.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,14.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,31,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.5,1.0,1,current,FBNBank,4,0,387.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,27.5,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,5.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,73,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,20.2,0.2,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,1786.95,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.8,1,current,NBC,2,0,374.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,second,none,student,2.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,3.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,164.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,2.0,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,4.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.9,1.4,1,current,CBAO,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,6.5,0.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,2372.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,12.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,student,3.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,none,student,8.1,4.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,301.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,21.2,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,35.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,0.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.8,17.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,4.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,3.4,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,1021.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,5.4,18.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,344.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,14.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,26.9,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,45.4,20.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,20.4,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,62,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,6.3,1,current,Capitec,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,1,salary_account,Absa,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,66,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,0.2,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,1543.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,59,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.4,0.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,312.65,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,1.2,7.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,1358.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,1.6,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,659.5,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,54.0,6.6,1,current,Absa,3,0,671.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,16.3,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,5.1,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,229.97,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,127.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,2.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.7,26.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,12.1,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,62,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,7.4,1.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,3,0,361.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,21.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,1.9,0.5,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,888.68,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.7,1.4,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,4.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,10.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,36.4,1.7,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,487.07,none,1,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,6.5,2.5,1,savings,Zanaco,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,62,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,19.8,3.8,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,1144.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,70,55+,second,none,unemployed,1.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,none,self_employed,4.1,6.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,43.65,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,25.4,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.0,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,student,1.3,6.3,1,current,Société Générale,4,0,704.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,22.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,21.3,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,35.4,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.4,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,26.0,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.7,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,312.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,51,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,4,0,827.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,66,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,14.8,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,6.8,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,68.9,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,2.2,1,current,UBA,1,0,179.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.5,33.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,52.3,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,CRDB,2,0,3105.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,31.6,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,52,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.1,11.7,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,1,0,573.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.9,1.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,579.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,second,primary,student,27.4,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,5.5,9.4,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,751.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.8,1.2,1,current,Orabank,4,0,95.24,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.9,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.0,3.6,1,savings,Absa,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.7,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,48.4,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,729.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,38.4,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,none,student,10.9,0.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,1181.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,29.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.3,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,student,8.9,1.6,1,salary_account,NCBA,2,0,2777.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,18.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.3,0.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,40.2,24.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,12.3,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.3,14.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,452.85,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.1,0.9,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,1748.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,31,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,9.0,10.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,14.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,student,0.2,1.3,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,780.55,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.1,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.8,0.1,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,98.39,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1111.09,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,22.1,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.5,0.5,1,current,GCB,2,0,149.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,0.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,2.0,0.5,1,savings,Dashen Bank,4,0,1649.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.4,1.2,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,838.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,salary_account,Société Générale,4,0,3546.39,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,5.3,12.6,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,1307.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,37.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.4,0.0,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,3,0,439.64,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,0.6,1,savings,BDM,1,0,4206.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,1,0,456.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,10.5,2.8,1,savings,First Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,8.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.2,8.2,1,savings,Capitec,2,0,151.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,4.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,2.6,1,savings,CRDB,3,0,2711.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.4,1,current,FDH Bank,2,0,4961.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,9.0,2.5,1,current,BAK,1,0,975.64,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,8.8,1,savings,UBA,2,0,2490.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,none,student,4.2,6.4,1,current,FBNBank,3,0,418.37,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.2,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,3,0,3677.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,5.4,5.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,678.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,69,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,17.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,62.6,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.2,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,592.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,71,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,14.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,1.4,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,59,55+,highest,none,student,1.0,0.6,1,current,I&M Bank,2,0,480.05,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,14.7,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,1.3,1.7,1,savings,Sonibank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.5,8.2,1,savings,BHS,3,0,812.51,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,8.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,59,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.1,1.4,1,salary_account,BDM,1,0,1208.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,7.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,59.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.3,0.1,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,86.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,57.34,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.9,33.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,1.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,3.7,0.9,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1046.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,64.8,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,318.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,38.9,21.4,1,current,Absa,1,0,1362.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,58,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,64,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,1.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,57,55+,second,primary,unemployed,6.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,7.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,61,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,10.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,student,8.4,7.2,1,current,BMCD,3,0,600.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,4.7,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,74,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.4,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,11.7,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.6,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,8.5,1,savings,Access Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,2.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.4,1.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,498.96,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,29.7,15.9,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,2631.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,20.4,45.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.9,19.2,1,current,Absa,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,6.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,5.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,0.6,1,savings,Fidelity,2,0,118.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,20.1,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.1,3.6,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,364.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,5.1,0.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1335.17,none,1,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,primary,student,3.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.3,0.0,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,274.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.3,0.4,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,1713.07,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.5,0.7,1,current,BHS,0,19,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,7.4,1.5,1,savings,BDM,4,0,2480.4,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,5.2,3.6,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,2,0,221.91,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,62,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,4.9,1,savings,First National Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,2.1,1.0,1,current,Absa,1,0,277.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,16.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,21.1,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,325.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,61,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.4,9.7,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,1815.37,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,25.6,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.4,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,34.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,0.3,22.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,100.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,13.7,23.5,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,710.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.2,12.9,1,current,BCDC,4,0,590.42,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,12.7,10.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,student,1.0,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.8,3.3,1,savings,NCBA,3,0,1005.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.0,3.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,65.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,4.0,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1297.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,22.3,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,self_employed,11.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,1.1,1,savings,Absa,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.6,15.8,1,current,Nedbank,1,0,703.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,15.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,10.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,62,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,0.4,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,student,0.2,0.7,1,savings,Equity BCDC,1,0,210.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.9,0.7,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2787.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Cooperative Bank,2,0,393.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,student,3.4,3.7,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,67,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.9,30.8,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,264.25,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,none,student,37.9,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,1.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,7.0,9.4,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,186.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.2,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,50,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.7,0.6,1,current,Bank of Kigali,1,0,125.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,10.2,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,2.5,0.7,1,savings,FNB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,69,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,2.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,981.52,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,54.4,15.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,8.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.0,0.2,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,130.43,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.9,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,296.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,17.0,2.1,1,current,Société Générale,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.9,1.2,1,current,BAK,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.1,8.9,1,current,BMCD,1,0,6931.31,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,68,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,6.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,8.4,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,2,0,611.21,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.1,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.3,2.8,1,savings,Centenary,1,0,294.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,2.4,1,savings,NMB,1,0,171.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,6.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,2299.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,69,55+,highest,primary,student,6.1,1.5,1,current,CBAO,2,0,746.22,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.0,1.2,1,savings,BHS,4,0,5269.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,9.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,5.3,1.7,1,current,BHS,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.5,0.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,6.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,GCB,2,0,619.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,22.8,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,13.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,41,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,75.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.0,8.4,1,current,BCDC,2,0,443.15,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,1,savings,BHS,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,15.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,64,55+,second,none,employed_formal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,53,45-54,lowest,none,student,7.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,9.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.9,1.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,1719.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,1.6,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,1,0,82.26,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,student,19.7,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,1.7,1,current,BAK,1,0,1259.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,4.6,15.6,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,211.69,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,10.4,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,66,55+,second,primary,self_employed,6.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.1,0.1,1,savings,NMB,1,0,384.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,35,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,student,9.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.7,0.9,1,current,UBA,3,0,386.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,10.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,26.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,28.0,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,2.8,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,none,self_employed,6.2,1.5,1,current,Capitec,3,0,897.69,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,63,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.6,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.9,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,22.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,69,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,0.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,74,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,20.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.6,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,10.7,0.9,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,881.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,19.8,11.8,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,110.79,none,1,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,student,7.6,10.1,1,current,National Bank,3,0,317.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,student,3.1,14.0,1,savings,Sonibank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.0,1,savings,Absa,1,0,565.25,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,26.6,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.4,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.3,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1668.1,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,unemployed,4.4,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.7,4.2,1,current,BCDC,1,0,392.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.7,3.2,1,savings,DFCU,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,fourth,none,student,7.6,10.7,1,savings,CBAO,4,0,1156.62,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,61,55+,highest,primary,student,56.0,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,36.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,41.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,4.0,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.6,12.2,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,33,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.7,0.4,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,224.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,student,0.1,0.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,365.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.5,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,3.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.2,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,7.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,60,55+,middle,none,self_employed,2.8,1.3,1,current,Equity Bank,4,0,508.17,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,8.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.2,1.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.3,0.5,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,4,0,231.62,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,7.8,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,31.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.0,0.3,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,1,0,479.7,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,0.1,1,savings,Ecobank,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.3,3.1,1,current,KCB,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,4.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.2,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,15.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,34.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,2.9,1,savings,Zanaco,1,0,621.88,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.1,1,current,BCDC,1,0,688.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,26.7,19.6,1,current,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,7.5,1.5,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1094.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,6.5,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,459.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,3.8,0.4,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,461.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,highest,none,student,1.5,0.1,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,5114.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,second,primary,student,0.7,23.0,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,405.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.0,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,77.39,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,25.8,18.2,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,53.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,0.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,12144.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,73,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.0,3.3,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,1509.56,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,8.6,0.3,1,savings,BDM,1,0,555.88,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,17.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,1.8,1,current,Coris Bank,1,0,389.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.4,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,68.1,1.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,601.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,64,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,student,20.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,11.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,5.6,9.6,1,savings,Nedbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,0.9,1,salary_account,Zanaco,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,16.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.6,2.2,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,260.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.1,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,2.1,1,savings,BCI,2,0,83.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.2,0.7,1,current,Access Bank,4,0,369.04,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,7.0,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,32.5,20.7,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,167.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.3,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,1944.3,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,4.2,1,savings,Absa,1,0,213.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,4.8,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,404.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,21.4,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.9,2.9,1,current,GTBank,2,0,184.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,18.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,491.97,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,57,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.1,1,salary_account,Capitec,4,0,236.76,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,23.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,6.4,13.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,6.4,17.0,1,savings,BAK,2,0,319.58,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,none,student,11.6,19.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,9.4,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,278.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.2,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,3.9,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,15.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,2.8,0.4,1,current,Absa,1,0,250.79,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,27.7,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,38,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,22.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.9,1,savings,First Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,13.9,3.4,1,savings,Orabank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,24.8,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,68.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,2.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,101.21,none,1,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.2,7.2,1,savings,National Bank,4,0,918.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,2.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.0,1.9,1,current,Nedbank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,27.5,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,44.3,18.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,none,student,3.1,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,70,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,1.0,8.2,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,736.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,8.5,2.3,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,12528.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.5,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,72,55+,second,none,student,19.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,16.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,0.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,none,employed_informal,6.2,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.7,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,0.1,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,13.5,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,541.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,secondary,student,7.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,1.9,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,667.95,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,2.4,1.9,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,81.66,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,29.9,24.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,15.7,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,62,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.5,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.3,2.7,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,425.01,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,73,55+,second,none,self_employed,20.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,16.0,6.7,1,savings,Société Générale,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,10.2,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,8.0,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,26.3,0.4,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.7,1,savings,FNB,2,0,203.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,22.6,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,1.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,student,8.5,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,second,none,employed_formal,9.3,1.0,1,current,DFCU,4,0,356.91,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.4,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,72,55+,second,secondary,student,3.4,18.0,1,current,Millennium BIM,2,0,204.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,14.6,5.8,1,savings,FNB,1,0,665.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,38.7,29.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,21.2,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,67,55+,highest,none,unemployed,22.3,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,46,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,1.4,13.4,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,7.3,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,second,primary,student,3.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,17.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,2.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,252.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,highest,none,employed_informal,1.3,3.0,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,5721.73,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,tertiary,student,9.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,45.5,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,34,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,56,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.5,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,5.4,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,5.3,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,2.3,1.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,465.02,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,2.6,1,savings,Absa,1,0,108.28,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,middle,secondary,student,3.3,0.8,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,561.5,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,10.4,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,5.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,66,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.9,3.5,1,current,CRDB,2,0,1909.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,4.1,5.6,1,savings,BMCD,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,61,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,14.6,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.8,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,primary,student,4.7,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,student,13.6,23.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,2.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,18.8,7.1,1,savings,BDM,2,0,1812.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,73,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,45.1,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,25,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,171.44,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,36.8,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,41.1,27.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,390.75,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,25.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.4,2.7,1,current,KCB,4,0,70.66,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.8,1.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,464.12,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,0.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,72,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,4.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.6,0.2,1,savings,BHS,1,0,124.87,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,3.8,1,salary_account,Bank of Kigali,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,33.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,tertiary,self_employed,13.1,3.0,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,1,0,246.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,4.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Dashen Bank,1,0,175.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,48.8,36.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.4,7.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,457.44,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,67,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.9,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,second,none,unemployed,30.8,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,19,18-24,second,none,student,19.5,0.0,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,97.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.5,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,60,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,6.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,5.6,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,1522.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.2,2.3,1,savings,BCI,1,0,2231.61,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.8,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,51.8,9.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,3197.57,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,0.1,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.6,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,19.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,16.6,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,1.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.6,0.1,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,73.7,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.9,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,49.6,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,65,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,5.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.1,1,savings,UBA,3,0,569.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,73,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,2.2,1,savings,BCI,2,0,1252.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,15.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,24.7,18.8,1,savings,Nedbank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,8.7,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,second,none,employed_formal,3.8,7.4,1,fixed_deposit,BDM,1,0,811.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,10.7,17.2,1,current,NBC,3,0,78.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,59,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.0,0.4,1,savings,First Bank,2,0,766.57,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,53.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,16.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,19.2,2.4,1,savings,Centenary,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,primary,student,1.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,17.9,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,69,55+,second,primary,unemployed,1.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,45.1,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,8.6,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,19,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,11.4,0.4,1,savings,Millennium BIM,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,65,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,19.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,7.9,4.0,1,salary_account,DFCU,4,0,992.55,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.8,0.8,1,current,NMB,3,0,749.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,3.4,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,460.74,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,62,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,20.8,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,46.9,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,20.6,22.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,student,2.0,0.9,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,494.31,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,1,current,BAK,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,12.8,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.3,2.9,1,savings,BCI,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,secondary,student,8.4,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,0,21,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.6,3.3,1,savings,KCB,3,0,32.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.6,1.5,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,293.67,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.7,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,29.6,9.7,1,current,First Bank,2,0,247.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,secondary,student,7.3,3.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,19.4,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,60,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,15.1,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,student,16.9,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,32.1,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,First National Bank,2,0,236.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,35,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.2,0.4,1,savings,First National Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,11.0,34.7,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,2538.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,self_employed,2.9,6.6,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,361.84,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,59,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,15.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,16.0,1.7,1,savings,Société Générale,1,0,1639.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.6,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,42.2,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,student,33.1,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,2.2,1,savings,BDM,1,0,649.27,none,1,1,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,2,0,453.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.2,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,0.6,1,current,Standard Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,15.0,10.0,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1470.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,24.7,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,3.2,3.4,1,savings,First National Bank,3,0,547.02,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,41,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,none,student,0.6,0.4,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,2153.6,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,1342.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.0,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,3,0,1060.69,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,72,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,8.8,0.6,1,current,Nedbank,0,23,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,52,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,1.0,12.0,1,savings,FNB,2,0,298.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,6.4,4.8,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,4,0,330.9,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,56,55+,second,none,student,2.0,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,second,none,student,13.5,8.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,44.8,12.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.5,0.0,1,current,Bank of Kigali,2,0,703.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,57,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,35.2,1.2,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,245.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,72,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,2.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,70,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.7,1.8,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,662.21,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.7,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.7,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,secondary,student,15.6,0.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,1019.2,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.6,1.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,688.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,8.7,17.4,1,fixed_deposit,KCB,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,20.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,71,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.8,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,2.8,1,savings,Coris Bank,1,0,5688.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,56,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,21.8,4.0,1,current,Awash Bank,1,0,252.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,secondary,student,5.3,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,8.1,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,7.8,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,3,0,397.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,2.3,17.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,63.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,0.5,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,639.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,62,55+,highest,none,self_employed,14.0,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.0,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,1.2,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,819.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,55,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.1,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,11.3,1,savings,KCB,4,0,767.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,50.1,11.9,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,773.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,28.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,12.3,7.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,17.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,56,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,6.0,2.2,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.3,1.6,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,840.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.8,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.0,22.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,4.4,1,current,BCI,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.9,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,51,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,1.0,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,unemployed,13.3,21.2,1,savings,BCI,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,3.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.2,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,56,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,38.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.0,1,salary_account,FNB,3,0,691.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,27.2,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,41.6,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.3,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.1,21.1,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.5,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,357.14,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,22.9,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,44.1,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,70,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,self_employed,1.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,44,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,10.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.4,2.7,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,1,0,950.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,50.1,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.4,1.0,1,salary_account,FBNBank,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,27.1,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,69,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.9,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,2.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,21.8,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,0.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,2.6,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,2,0,346.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,female,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,5.4,11.2,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,150.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,18.7,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,28.6,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.9,5.4,1,savings,First National Bank,1,0,928.24,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,68,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,2.1,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,1327.51,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,1,current,NMB,2,0,2959.39,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,10.8,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,9.8,20.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,97.1,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,0.1,2.7,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,230.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.3,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1953.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,24.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,14.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,74,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,50.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,9.6,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.5,1.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.0,17.4,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,309.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,8.4,0.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,3,0,1569.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,0.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.3,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,65.1,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,37.3,14.4,1,salary_account,BHS,2,0,129.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,16.1,9.3,1,salary_account,UBA,2,0,307.22,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,14.0,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,6.1,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.2,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,14.5,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,45,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,0.4,5.9,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,1,0,2749.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,17.1,32.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.4,4.1,1,current,Centenary,2,0,601.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,5.0,0.7,1,current,Capitec,2,0,202.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,0.1,1,current,BAK,2,0,359.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,4.6,2.3,1,current,Absa,1,0,71.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,22.5,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,23.8,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,73,55+,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.3,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,4,0,1799.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,53.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1429.32,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,74,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,14.4,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,34.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,13.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,46.8,7.1,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1675.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,0.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,21.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,11.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,57,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,3.0,3.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,4202.9,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,second,tertiary,student,11.6,10.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,4,0,745.76,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,5.7,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,11.5,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,66,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,27.2,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,16.7,4.7,1,savings,GCB,1,0,1952.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,2.6,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,242.96,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.4,1,salary_account,Dashen Bank,1,0,390.19,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,0.3,3.4,1,savings,Absa,3,0,292.26,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,11.1,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,8.3,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,58.3,19.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.2,1.4,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,708.29,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_formal,13.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,29,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,0.7,5.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,161.75,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,0.5,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,23.7,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.1,2.5,1,savings,FNB,2,0,1407.16,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,female,72,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,2.9,2.1,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,1,0,836.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,50,45-54,second,none,unemployed,19.3,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,80.6,2.6,1,current,KCB,1,0,1954.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_formal,31.0,8.7,1,savings,UBA,2,0,577.31,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,64,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.8,1.2,1,salary_account,First National Bank,1,0,278.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,13.1,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.7,0.0,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,752.84,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.8,1,salary_account,BCI,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.8,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,27,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.6,0.1,1,savings,BHS,1,0,162.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,11.3,20.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,10.9,13.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,2,0,395.87,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.5,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,8.2,16.1,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,184.95,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,69,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.1,15.0,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,2133.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.0,2.2,1,current,CBAO,4,0,281.5,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,34.8,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,13.0,9.7,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,418.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,10.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,59,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,19.9,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.8,0.4,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,6.7,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,51.7,7.2,1,salary_account,Fidelity,2,0,10410.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,student,25.3,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.5,19.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.9,7.4,1,current,UBA,3,0,1293.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,16.9,15.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,44.3,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,student,11.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,15.7,41.4,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,3,0,131.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.4,3.2,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,378.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,2,0,1285.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,10.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.0,15.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,student,4.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,secondary,student,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,33.7,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,15.9,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.8,1.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,311.09,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,0.2,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,28,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,6.1,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,17.2,25.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,25.2,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,57,55+,middle,secondary,student,57.4,25.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,22.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,second,none,unemployed,7.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.0,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1570.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,27.0,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,437.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,46,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,11.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,2.8,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,1132.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,13.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,16.1,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.1,18.0,1,salary_account,DFCU,1,0,402.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,19.2,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.7,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,15.8,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,13.9,5.4,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,237.03,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,66,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,11.5,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,4218.57,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,59,55+,second,primary,unemployed,10.5,11.3,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,248.1,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,74,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,22.3,0.9,1,savings,Absa,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,64,55+,middle,none,student,6.8,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,22.0,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,49,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,9.7,16.4,1,current,Cooperative Bank,1,0,489.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,72,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,33.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,3.1,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,59.61,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,131.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,61,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,14.5,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,7.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.0,1.0,1,salary_account,BHS,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,student,3.8,3.1,1,savings,KCB,1,0,760.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.6,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,19.6,14.6,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,218.24,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,29.8,3.4,1,current,UBA,2,0,1563.57,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,student,6.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.5,1.9,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,552.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.3,2.4,1,current,DFCU,1,0,1031.16,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,1.6,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,student,0.8,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,41,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,2.8,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,74,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,3.7,2.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1059.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,9.1,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,student,1.4,1.5,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,1780.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,48.5,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,7.8,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,primary,student,2.0,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,38,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,9.2,0.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.1,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,21,18-24,second,none,unemployed,2.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,73,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,23.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,1.3,0.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1183.91,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,30,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,30.9,4.4,1,savings,FNB,4,0,5108.15,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.2,2.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,350.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,33.3,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,0.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,157.44,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,9.4,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,2,0,333.37,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,68,55+,second,primary,unemployed,4.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,student,48.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,1273.91,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,55.2,3.1,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,73,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,2.6,1.3,1,savings,UBA,4,0,476.04,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,7.7,16.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,14.4,1.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,1,0,236.26,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.9,4.7,1,savings,First Bank,3,0,1291.07,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,61,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,5.0,14.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,1136.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,0.2,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,2.1,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,8.6,9.6,1,savings,FNB,2,0,308.98,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,25.5,4.9,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,2.1,10.8,1,savings,BDM,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,473.1,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,0.7,2.2,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,431.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,51.4,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,65,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,5.1,9.0,1,savings,BAK,1,0,1639.7,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,female,39,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.5,1.3,1,current,Rawbank,3,0,86.97,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.9,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,38.3,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,26,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.0,1.0,1,savings,UBA,3,0,944.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,15.3,18.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,412.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.8,1.8,1,current,Access Bank,2,0,679.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.0,0.9,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,796.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,21,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,0.5,1.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,22.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.9,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,62,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.6,5.3,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,1049.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.6,3.7,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,1066.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.1,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,40,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,30.0,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,30,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.5,2.5,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,832.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,21.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,57,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.3,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,132.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,37.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,64.6,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.7,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,34.63,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,41,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,0.9,1.0,1,savings,UBA,1,0,1480.37,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,17.5,37.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,11.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,second,none,unemployed,4.6,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,74,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,student,2.4,1.0,1,savings,UBA,3,0,312.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.0,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,none,unemployed,0.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,none,employed_informal,24.0,22.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,69,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,22.9,36.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,579.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,20.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,20.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,178.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,student,8.6,0.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,2552.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.3,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,3820.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.9,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,4.9,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,2444.23,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,40.1,19.4,1,savings,FNB,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,9.7,1.6,1,savings,FNB,3,0,1037.88,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.1,1.0,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,196.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,70,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.7,0.8,1,savings,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,second,none,self_employed,17.3,25.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,11.1,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,72,55+,second,none,employed_formal,18.7,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,Access Bank,0,9,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,student,30.8,7.8,1,salary_account,FDH Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,11.4,0.8,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,423.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,32.6,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.2,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,14.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,26.2,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,1.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,3.4,2.2,1,current,Zanaco,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,10.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.9,0.4,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,2411.62,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,0.4,30.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,none,self_employed,5.9,11.6,1,current,NMB,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,22.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,52,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.8,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,3594.58,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,72,55+,highest,none,self_employed,0.0,1.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,12891.43,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.1,1,current,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,1.6,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,82.89,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,1.1,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,718.53,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,24.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.7,1.0,1,salary_account,Absa,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,10.7,9.0,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,505.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,3.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,31.1,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,primary,student,0.9,0.5,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,57,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.9,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,none,student,4.6,10.0,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,427.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,23,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.4,1,savings,KCB,1,0,508.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,21.2,15.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,10.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.7,1.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2710.97,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,28,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,18.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,27.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,22,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,4.2,19.1,1,savings,Stanbic,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,60.77,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.6,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,student,3.8,0.0,1,savings,Centenary,2,0,728.1,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,4.7,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,72,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,1.8,1,current,FNB,1,0,800.61,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,24.6,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,70,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,24.4,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.6,0.2,1,current,NCBA,2,0,168.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,61,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,12.3,0.1,1,savings,BCI,1,0,7197.26,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.4,1.8,1,current,Absa,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,43,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,2.4,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,71,55+,highest,none,self_employed,1.2,1.3,1,savings,UBA,1,0,808.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,72,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.8,5.3,1,current,Orabank,1,0,197.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.9,0.2,1,savings,UBA,1,0,472.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.9,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,1.1,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,70,55+,fourth,primary,student,9.1,1.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,412.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.1,1,savings,BHS,2,0,548.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,16.9,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,self_employed,15.3,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,171.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.7,25.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,7.1,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,22.6,12.6,1,savings,KCB,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.3,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.3,1,current,FNB,1,0,29.23,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,20.6,0.7,1,salary_account,First National Bank,3,0,165.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,72.2,21.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,6.8,18.9,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,329.04,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,6.0,0.4,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,19.5,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.4,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,2.2,1,savings,National Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,29.1,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,7.2,1.4,1,current,Orabank,2,0,285.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,20,18-24,highest,primary,student,9.4,12.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,8.4,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,10.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,41.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,67,55+,second,none,self_employed,0.3,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,15.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,63,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,6.9,3.1,1,current,GTBank,4,0,723.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,2.9,8.8,1,current,First National Bank,2,0,1766.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.3,0.9,1,salary_account,Stanbic,1,0,259.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,62,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,3.1,0.3,1,savings,KCB,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,15.0,10.5,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,18.4,10.0,1,savings,FNB,1,0,310.13,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,10.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,student,3.9,4.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,367.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,26.8,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_formal,0.1,1.0,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,362.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,primary,student,23.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.1,1,current,Bank of Kigali,4,0,1788.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.2,19.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,tertiary,student,7.0,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,63,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,62,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,4.3,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,1588.88,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,29.9,4.9,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,527.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,9.8,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,28,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,11.6,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.1,1.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,21,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,11.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1059.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,69.4,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,middle,none,employed_formal,1.8,0.6,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,985.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,70,55+,second,none,self_employed,13.8,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.4,2.2,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,35.2,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,70,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.1,27.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.1,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,primary,unemployed,5.2,22.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,19.6,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1345.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,student,0.7,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,70,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.7,3.8,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,3659.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.3,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,6,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.9,1.6,1,current,Equity BCDC,0,24,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.9,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.0,7.5,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,184.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.7,1.1,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,380.91,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,28,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,2.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,748.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.5,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,61,55+,second,none,self_employed,31.8,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,57,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,12.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,68,55+,second,secondary,student,38.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,19,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,8.0,7.2,1,salary_account,First Bank,2,0,553.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,8.1,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,50,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,1.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,4,0,692.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,17.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,32.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.8,3.3,1,salary_account,Société Générale,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,5.6,11.5,1,savings,FNB,1,0,494.4,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,8.4,0.7,1,savings,NBC,2,0,423.2,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,16.6,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.7,11.9,1,salary_account,UBA,1,0,1493.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,32,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.7,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,1,0,1479.46,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,38,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,7.1,12.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,134.77,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,employed_formal,59.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.1,0.4,1,salary_account,Rawbank,1,0,1524.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,63,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,25.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.0,1,current,Stanbic,3,0,844.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.5,21.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,student,11.3,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,11.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,urban,male,73,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,74,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,25.7,1.5,1,savings,Capitec,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,7.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.3,5.0,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,263.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,57,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.6,1,current,Millennium BIM,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,40,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,3.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,2.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,9.3,14.5,1,savings,BHS,4,0,351.28,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,student,13.4,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,30.8,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,5.5,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,310.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.8,1.2,1,savings,Nedbank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,student,10.6,5.1,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,1354.62,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.1,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,12.3,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.8,1.4,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,2629.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,second,primary,student,0.5,15.0,1,savings,KCB,4,0,914.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,54.0,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,14.8,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.6,1.0,1,current,BAK,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.9,0.3,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,29.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,11.0,7.3,1,savings,Millennium BIM,1,0,523.12,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.6,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,21.3,7.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,3,0,136.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,5.4,0.5,1,savings,BAK,2,0,373.37,none,1,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,63,55+,highest,none,self_employed,3.5,1.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,4,0,888.2,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,27,25-34,second,secondary,student,11.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,68,55+,highest,primary,student,7.2,4.0,1,fixed_deposit,Orabank,1,0,3104.53,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,30,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.9,0.3,1,salary_account,Nedbank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,17.5,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,none,unemployed,25.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.6,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,12.2,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.8,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,13.8,2.7,1,salary_account,CBAO,3,0,1446.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,32.6,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.8,0.7,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,298.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.0,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,none,unemployed,26.7,0.3,1,savings,Absa,3,0,1336.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,18.8,24.2,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,3,0,463.53,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,19,18-24,second,primary,student,1.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.1,0.1,1,savings,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,23,18-24,second,none,employed_informal,2.3,21.0,1,current,Société Générale,4,0,169.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,0.7,1,current,NMB,3,0,597.29,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,1.5,5.6,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,1658.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,17.7,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,16.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.5,0.7,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,953.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,1.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.1,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.5,12.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.4,0.6,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,1076.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.8,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,138.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.3,2.6,1,current,DFCU,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,63,55+,second,primary,self_employed,2.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,48.7,14.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,44.0,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,tertiary,student,2.5,0.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,768.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,16.8,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_informal,3.6,1.5,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,1564.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.6,1.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,355.03,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,37,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,19.0,17.8,1,savings,Access Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,12.8,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,14.0,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,28.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,16.3,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.7,1.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,7.9,0.2,1,current,Fidelity,3,0,1894.17,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.2,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,209.94,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,unemployed,2.3,1.2,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,107.14,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,4.8,1,savings,Absa,2,0,3882.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,50.4,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,2.3,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,none,self_employed,0.5,6.8,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,821.48,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,43,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,0.0,7.2,1,current,Zanaco,2,0,264.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,48.3,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,46,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,8.8,6.3,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,4,0,124.87,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,45,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,17.5,27.2,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,556.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.2,2.9,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,149.26,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,62,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.7,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,42.0,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.7,0.1,1,current,BDM,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,61,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.3,2.6,1,current,NBS Bank,2,0,281.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,63,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,16.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.2,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,25.5,9.2,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,2,0,249.51,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,19.8,2.7,1,savings,BMCD,4,0,1011.71,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,none,employed_formal,5.5,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,4.3,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,919.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,middle,none,employed_formal,3.0,2.7,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,888.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,27,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.1,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,none,student,10.8,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,22.3,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,8.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,64,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,6.0,1.7,1,savings,Fidelity,1,0,897.41,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,none,student,9.7,1.9,1,savings,GCB,3,0,362.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,none,employed_informal,0.8,11.3,1,savings,First Bank,3,0,1202.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,student,15.0,5.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,2,0,58.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.1,7.5,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,1284.03,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,20.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,56,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.3,1,savings,GTBank,1,0,4513.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,31.3,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.5,4.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,346.85,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,12.0,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,14.1,6.4,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1953.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.4,80.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,student,6.1,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,10.0,1,salary_account,Sonibank,1,0,497.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.7,14.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,male,59,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.2,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,none,student,5.3,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,25.7,36.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.8,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,65,55+,middle,none,student,1.6,0.7,1,current,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,38,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,3.9,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.6,16.3,1,savings,BCI,2,0,288.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,none,student,6.6,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,4,0,777.23,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,1.4,12.8,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,208.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,17.1,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,31.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,40.5,17.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1484.92,none,1,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.9,4.8,1,current,NMB,1,0,37.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,60,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,50.8,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,61.8,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,3.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.9,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,5409.92,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,student,3.4,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,363.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,44,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,7.8,0.0,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,141.89,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,0.6,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,58,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,3.4,18.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,31,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,36.2,8.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,female,32,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,42.4,21.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,7.7,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,urban,male,58,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,1.9,1,current,Absa,2,0,97.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.3,0.0,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,183.92,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_formal,76.7,4.3,1,fixed_deposit,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,453.13,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,27,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,3.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.9,0.3,1,savings,Société Générale,4,0,1492.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,18,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,7.6,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,3.2,11.7,1,current,FBNBank,2,0,3351.58,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,male,20,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,65,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,23.5,12.1,1,current,BHS,1,0,723.81,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,15.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,35.1,6.8,1,current,FNB,4,0,281.99,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,67,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,56,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,60.6,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,20.4,1.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,941.59,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.1,0.1,1,savings,DFCU,3,0,1026.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.6,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,9.8,11.2,1,savings,FNB,1,0,1124.38,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.9,3.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,62,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,6.7,4.0,1,savings,Rawbank,1,0,3379.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,student,23.2,12.7,1,current,Absa,1,0,1426.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.1,0.6,1,salary_account,NBC,2,0,4580.94,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,11.7,10.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,37,35-44,lowest,none,employed_formal,29.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.9,7.1,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,2.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,53,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,0.8,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,47,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,25.4,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,4.1,1,current,Equity Bank,2,0,316.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,21.7,8.1,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,none,employed_formal,2.2,1.1,1,current,Access Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,3.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,0.9,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,6.1,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,41,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,4.7,0.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,4,0,880.9,none,1,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,0.9,2.4,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,2509.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,2021.77,none,1,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,41,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,44.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.6,4.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,543.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,28,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,4.4,3.6,1,salary_account,First Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,0.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,43.8,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1117.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,65,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,23.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,24.8,7.3,1,savings,FNB,1,0,279.71,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,29.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,13.1,23.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.1,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,BHS,3,0,268.46,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,34,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,1.0,1,current,BDM,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,167.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,34,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.7,17.9,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,527.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,fourth,primary,student,18.5,2.7,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,321.15,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,41.4,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,17.9,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,47.9,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,64.5,14.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,5.1,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,71,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,19.5,34.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,self_employed,1.8,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.5,1.5,1,current,DFCU,1,0,128.32,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.3,0.1,1,current,GCB,4,0,80.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.7,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,24.5,9.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.6,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1735.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,10.0,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,23.4,6.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,598.97,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,55.1,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,male,56,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.5,0.5,1,salary_account,National Bank,3,0,2629.63,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,5.3,7.9,1,current,DFCU,3,0,1573.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,13.7,4.1,1,savings,FBNBank,3,0,1055.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,41,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,10.1,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,9.9,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,primary,unemployed,10.6,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.0,7.2,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,480.96,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,66,55+,highest,none,unemployed,1.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,25,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.1,0.1,1,current,BCI,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,41.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,68,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,2.7,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,93.12,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.4,2.0,1,current,BMCD,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,secondary,student,0.4,13.8,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,1170.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.5,2.9,1,savings,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_formal,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,26,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.9,0.1,1,salary_account,FNB,3,0,1062.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,16.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,second,primary,student,15.0,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,2,0,451.32,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,50,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,second,none,student,0.4,1.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,565.43,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,26,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,8.2,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,69,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,5.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,25,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,9.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,23.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_formal,2.1,0.0,1,salary_account,Société Générale,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,12.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,none,unemployed,4.3,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,4.8,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.5,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,1424.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.5,4.6,1,salary_account,Zenith Bank,2,0,1389.04,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,6.3,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,68,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,1.0,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,secondary,unemployed,1.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,50,45-54,second,none,self_employed,7.2,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,student,1.0,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,middle,primary,student,11.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,72,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,4.8,3.8,1,salary_account,Absa,2,0,1900.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,54,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,26.5,1,salary_account,NBC,2,0,944.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,46,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,8.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,none,employed_formal,5.6,8.0,1,current,Ecobank,1,0,328.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,3.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,8.9,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,7.0,1.9,1,savings,Société Générale,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,1.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,58,55+,middle,none,self_employed,4.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.1,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,21.9,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,57,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,5.0,0.9,1,savings,Orabank,1,0,222.81,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,70,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.2,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,60,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,8.2,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.3,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,male,46,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.2,1,current,Société Générale,3,0,223.34,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,11.9,1.1,1,current,CRDB,1,0,638.23,none,1,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,0.5,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,6234.17,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,highest,none,employed_formal,12.0,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,46.4,9.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.3,0.4,1,salary_account,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,student,2.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.8,0.7,1,savings,KCB,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.7,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,30.7,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,66,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,0.0,53.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.1,8.3,1,fixed_deposit,GTBank,3,0,466.95,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.9,0.5,1,current,First National Bank,4,0,3179.24,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,45,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,student,10.9,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,10.0,8.1,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,3493.43,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,54,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.9,3.2,1,savings,BHS,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,41.5,2.2,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,3,0,1578.56,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,0.1,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,178.86,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,69,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,24.2,5.5,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,466.67,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,46.5,16.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,81.7,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,none,unemployed,3.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,37,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,1.0,0.2,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,352.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,22,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,31.4,1.2,1,savings,Stanbic,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,31.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,72,55+,lowest,secondary,student,1.5,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,74,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,0.7,1,salary_account,KCB,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.5,6.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,none,student,0.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,63,55+,second,none,unemployed,5.9,18.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,69,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,30.9,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,5.8,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,143.13,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,49,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,0.0,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,female,61,55+,highest,none,self_employed,9.4,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,2,0,187.63,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,second,none,unemployed,29.8,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,59,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.4,1.7,1,savings,GCB,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,3.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,17.7,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,23.4,5.9,1,current,CBAO,2,0,439.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,1.5,1.2,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,225.54,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.5,2.2,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,939.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,59,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,23.4,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.1,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,primary,student,0.7,11.3,1,current,Stanbic,0,8,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.6,16.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,22.3,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,Zenith Bank,2,0,2146.46,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,61,55+,second,primary,self_employed,8.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,73,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,5.4,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,16.5,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,student,0.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,0.3,1,salary_account,BCI,1,0,286.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,72,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,8.0,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,3.5,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,38,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,8.0,0.5,1,savings,Access Bank,3,0,7023.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,64,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,66.4,7.6,1,current,Absa,1,0,1497.72,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,38.2,0.1,1,savings,Access Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,urban,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.5,0.3,1,savings,Fidelity,4,0,1792.17,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,64,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,10.9,7.7,1,current,GCB,1,0,1228.22,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,38.7,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,3438.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,11.8,1,current,CRDB,3,0,988.67,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,female,61,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,self_employed,6.9,5.8,1,current,Sonibank,3,0,769.18,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,male,21,18-24,highest,primary,student,1.9,4.4,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,925.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,10.5,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,6.9,2.6,1,savings,Sonibank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,27,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,7.3,1.6,1,salary_account,Ecobank,1,0,297.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,0.3,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,none,self_employed,22.2,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,male,60,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,1.8,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,12.6,15.6,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,1,0,481.93,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,male,52,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,13.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,5.1,0.7,1,savings,I&M Bank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.1,3.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,68.05,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,73,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,17.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,63,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,0.6,1,savings,Orabank,0,15,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,805.44,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,3.1,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,lowest,none,self_employed,34.6,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,71,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,1.6,0.3,1,salary_account,First Bank,1,0,603.81,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,second,none,self_employed,13.8,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,69.8,50.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,16.3,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,41,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.9,5.3,1,current,UBA,1,0,690.74,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,9.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.2,1.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,28.5,1.7,1,salary_account,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,0,14,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,student,22.6,20.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,23,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.6,5.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,980.47,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,11.4,12.9,1,savings,First National Bank,0,3,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,8.2,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,1.5,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,69,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.1,2.9,1,current,Orabank,0,10,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,8.9,3.2,1,savings,BCDC,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,54,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,25.3,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.9,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,27,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,46.6,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,1.6,11.8,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1748.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,34.4,13.7,1,current,GTBank,4,0,285.81,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,17.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.8,2.9,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,18.3,13.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,19.8,14.6,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,1000.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,13.9,14.4,1,savings,BAK,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,32,25-34,second,none,self_employed,30.0,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,11.3,10.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_informal,9.2,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.1,1.5,1,current,Absa,4,0,696.87,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,30,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,5.1,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,11.1,0.3,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,4403.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,none,student,7.3,3.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,1738.15,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,male,57,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,26.6,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,72.2,11.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,0.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,57,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,4.7,6.8,1,savings,NMB,1,0,233.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,13.4,21.2,1,current,BCDC,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,16.0,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,69,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,41.5,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,secondary,student,2.1,0.6,1,current,Awash Bank,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,21,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,9.6,0.7,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,623.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,13.3,8.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,18.9,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,7.4,5.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,13.2,13.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,39.0,2.1,1,savings,Absa,4,0,164.31,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,25.5,0.0,1,savings,BDM,2,0,1588.69,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,41,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,25.5,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,51,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.0,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,67,55+,fourth,primary,unemployed,4.4,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,26.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.2,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,33.2,17.2,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,712.78,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,70,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.6,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,3,0,421.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,5.4,12.6,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,1001.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.5,0.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1063.11,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,38.9,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,63,55+,highest,none,unemployed,9.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,male,39,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.3,1.0,1,current,GCB,4,0,471.87,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,student,1.2,3.7,1,current,BHS,4,0,2585.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,7.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,58,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,2.7,35.7,1,salary_account,Zanaco,2,0,4084.71,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,41,35-44,second,tertiary,self_employed,1.3,2.3,1,salary_account,Equity BCDC,2,0,525.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,10.8,12.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,7.6,1.0,1,current,Société Générale,2,0,150.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,11.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,student,1.7,15.6,1,savings,Access Bank,1,0,303.09,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,67,55+,highest,tertiary,student,15.5,14.7,1,savings,GTBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,10.8,3.6,1,salary_account,Capitec,2,0,245.31,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.9,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,student,7.8,0.7,1,salary_account,BAK,2,0,190.29,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.3,0.9,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,1367.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,25.5,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,student,48.3,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,16.4,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,30,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,11.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,4.6,15.1,1,current,Dashen Bank,2,0,425.92,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.1,3.0,1,salary_account,NBS Bank,1,0,356.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,10.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,26.3,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,11.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,3.3,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,second,none,self_employed,12.5,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.2,11.5,1,savings,Stanbic,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.0,0.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,male,36,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,24,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,21.8,20.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,701.77,none,1,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,10.5,1.9,1,savings,National Bank,3,0,911.34,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,14.7,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,25,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,1.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,69.7,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,69.5,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,12.9,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,41,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,1.6,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,none,self_employed,3.1,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,56,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,10.9,13.3,1,savings,Zanaco,0,11,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,28,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,38.3,16.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,self_employed,13.8,2.5,1,current,Absa,1,0,224.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.2,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,31.7,36.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,15.4,1.6,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,83.55,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,4.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,0.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,213.48,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,11.3,23.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.6,7.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,931.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,30,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,4.5,2.0,1,savings,UBA,1,0,1743.36,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,73,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,10.5,5.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1601.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,20,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,55,45-54,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,91.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,1.0,0.4,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,700.87,none,1,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,32,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,3.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,rural,male,68,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,18.8,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,3.9,0.8,1,salary_account,Ecobank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,38.5,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,2,0,686.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,59,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,9.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,1.2,1,salary_account,UBA,3,0,830.25,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,female,67,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,1.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,59,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,45.5,10.7,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,168.6,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,primary,student,0.3,10.6,1,savings,Ecobank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,36,35-44,second,secondary,student,7.7,1.3,1,savings,KCB,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.8,0.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,1717.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,12.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.2,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,18.3,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,10.7,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,65,55+,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,1.3,7.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,68,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,3.3,3.9,1,fixed_deposit,Société Générale,1,0,404.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.3,2.0,1,current,Stanbic,1,0,565.03,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,46.3,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,51,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,13.9,17.9,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,3622.69,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,12.5,4.7,1,savings,Absa,4,0,203.14,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,48.0,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,71,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,15.4,3.9,1,current,Absa,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,1.2,1.3,1,savings,GTBank,2,0,1898.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,72,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,1.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.2,2.5,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,176.35,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,34,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,17.8,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.5,6.2,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,2,0,572.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,8.0,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,34.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,71,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,22.8,29.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,10.5,13.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,3.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,13.7,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,2.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.2,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,142.93,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,6.5,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,3.4,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,612.6,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,65,55+,second,primary,student,0.9,6.6,1,fixed_deposit,Equity Bank,4,0,244.18,none,1,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,student,26.4,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,13.8,3.7,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,169.06,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,7.8,19.8,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,171.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,13.2,8.9,1,savings,FNB,0,15,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_formal,7.1,0.9,1,savings,Sonibank,1,0,1439.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,33.7,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,31.9,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.4,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,72,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,18.0,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,11.6,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,67,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,50,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.3,2.7,1,savings,KCB,2,0,388.53,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,74,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,0.4,0.9,1,fixed_deposit,Sonibank,4,0,3913.65,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,20.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,63,55+,second,none,student,4.2,0.1,1,current,Capitec,1,0,209.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,43,35-44,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.1,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,27,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,18.9,17.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,4,0,617.89,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,60,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,40.7,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,5.2,1,current,NBS Bank,1,0,601.18,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.9,0.6,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,864.38,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,1.0,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,24,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,unemployed,1.4,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,55,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,1.0,0.6,1,salary_account,CRDB,1,0,161.86,none,1,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,3.6,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,0.9,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_informal,14.8,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,0,12,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.9,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,73,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,6.8,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,26,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.2,0.3,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,479.99,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,24.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,43,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,15.7,5.0,1,fixed_deposit,First Bank,1,0,998.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,25.9,11.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,female,41,35-44,second,none,employed_informal,2.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,urban,male,54,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,0.3,1.5,1,current,Sonibank,2,0,595.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.2,1.3,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,23,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,73,55+,second,primary,unemployed,75.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,53,45-54,highest,none,employed_formal,5.5,0.5,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2250.06,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,male,56,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,2.5,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,269.6,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,37,35-44,second,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,49,45-54,lowest,secondary,student,0.3,3.7,1,savings,Capitec,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,second,primary,self_employed,3.7,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,68,55+,middle,secondary,student,1.8,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,male,52,45-54,second,primary,employed_formal,16.6,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,63,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,28.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,0.8,2.0,1,savings,Absa,0,16,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.9,46.5,1,salary_account,Absa,3,0,2081.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,70,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,4.7,0.3,1,savings,NCBA,2,0,182.88,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,65,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,4.2,7.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,1385.44,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,2.8,2.3,1,savings,Stanbic,3,0,318.39,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,67,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,1.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,1691.82,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,69,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.3,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,second,tertiary,self_employed,64.5,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,0.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.4,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,13.7,13.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,59,55+,middle,none,unemployed,63.5,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,35.0,17.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,52.7,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,57,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.8,14.2,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,2,0,570.46,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,15.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.0,6.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,2,0,395.61,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,male,29,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,1.4,3.3,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,705.17,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,12.7,7.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,1547.41,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,36,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,12.2,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,290.08,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.1,1,salary_account,Absa,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.5,1,savings,FBNBank,1,0,184.33,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,30,25-34,second,none,self_employed,4.8,0.7,1,salary_account,Access Bank,3,0,737.4,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,63,55+,middle,none,self_employed,12.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,male,34,25-34,second,secondary,student,39.4,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,middle,none,student,13.5,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,20,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,1.4,2.0,1,current,NBC,1,0,224.32,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,66,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.0,5.6,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,273.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,7.0,1.3,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,303.38,none,1,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,18.3,0.5,1,savings,NMB,1,0,986.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,22,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.9,7.6,1,savings,DFCU,2,0,361.66,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,primary,employed_formal,5.1,17.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.3,3.7,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,360.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,second,none,self_employed,0.5,11.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,29,25-34,second,primary,student,4.3,1.0,1,savings,UBA,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,4.2,2.3,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,1547.21,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,11.8,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,9.6,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.3,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,28.0,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,19,18-24,second,none,self_employed,4.9,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,16.1,11.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,37.0,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.4,23.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,0.0,12.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,1.9,0.3,1,savings,BMCD,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,3.0,4.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,647.97,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,52,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,14.3,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,6.4,1.7,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,247.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.1,0.9,1,current,First Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_formal,2.4,3.9,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1197.24,none,1,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.1,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.5,11.3,1,savings,BMCD,0,9,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,72,55+,middle,tertiary,student,1.2,1.2,1,savings,NCBA,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,31,25-34,second,primary,self_employed,13.0,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,46,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,38.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,38.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,fourth,none,employed_informal,2.2,12.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,10.0,6.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,primary,self_employed,9.4,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,female,59,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.9,13.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,74,55+,second,secondary,student,3.0,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,59,55+,second,primary,student,4.0,0.5,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,508.95,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,35.5,23.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.1,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,57,55+,highest,none,unemployed,23.7,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,67,55+,second,primary,self_employed,55.5,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.1,0.6,1,current,NCBA,1,0,931.01,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,9.0,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,18,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,1.1,0.1,1,current,Zanaco,1,0,191.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,30.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.2,31.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,21,18-24,second,primary,student,3.6,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,66,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.1,20.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,student,32.2,32.5,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,146.37,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,68,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,5.3,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,56,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,34.8,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,student,0.5,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.6,1.0,1,savings,KCB,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,5.8,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,28,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,5.6,0.5,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,8565.22,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,2.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,0.4,2.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,4,0,181.97,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,none,self_employed,3.6,2.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.5,3.1,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,457.26,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,3.2,1.2,1,savings,GCB,1,0,346.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,4.7,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,18,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.2,2.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,343.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,male,62,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.4,7.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,62,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,47.1,14.9,1,current,FNB,2,0,2197.11,none,0,1,1,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,male,61,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,7.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,5.9,2.4,1,current,FNB,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,17.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.6,0.2,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,313.46,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,0.8,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,11.1,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,none,employed_formal,9.1,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,70.8,16.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,primary,student,13.2,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,36.7,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,4.9,0.2,1,savings,Zanaco,3,0,1104.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,29.4,3.8,1,savings,Ecobank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,58,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,2.2,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,urban,male,72,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,7.3,5.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,female,18,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,7.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,male,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,1.6,1,savings,BCI,0,3,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,14.1,47.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,7.0,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,0.1,23.8,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,253.34,none,1,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,24,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,19.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,23.9,14.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,66,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,18.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,56,55+,middle,secondary,student,8.8,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,49,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,44.2,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,student,8.6,3.2,1,savings,Nedbank,4,0,1126.92,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,74,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,2.0,4.2,1,current,Zenith Bank,1,0,2856.22,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,female,32,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.8,0.3,1,salary_account,Rawbank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,66,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.8,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.7,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,56.7,15.7,1,fixed_deposit,BMCD,1,0,2653.54,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,0.1,10.4,1,current,Bank of Kigali,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,11.4,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,6.5,4.3,1,current,Absa,2,0,479.11,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,24.2,18.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,5.2,0.2,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,157.96,none,1,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,20.5,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,67,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.5,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,55,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,8.0,1,savings,Moza Banco,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.7,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,none,unemployed,10.1,6.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,1.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,56,55+,middle,none,unemployed,2.2,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,secondary,student,0.3,1.1,1,savings,Awash Bank,1,0,1811.49,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,73,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,22.4,22.1,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2283.99,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.7,1.6,1,current,National Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,3.8,0.1,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,614.78,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,29,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,4.9,0.4,1,salary_account,CRDB,2,0,491.52,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,55,45-54,fourth,primary,self_employed,1.4,0.1,1,savings,Fidelity,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,24,18-24,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,0.0,2.3,1,current,Ecobank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,45,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.9,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,548.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,5.1,8.4,1,savings,National Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,64,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,13.4,17.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,6542.05,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,secondary,student,15.5,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,21,18-24,middle,tertiary,unemployed,9.6,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.4,3.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,1.3,5.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,7.3,7.2,1,savings,KCB,3,0,137.59,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,59,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,30.2,8.9,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1158.83,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,1.8,4.6,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,327.7,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,none,student,3.6,1.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,primary,student,56.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,urban,male,73,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,student,22.2,2.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,18,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,8.2,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,0.4,1,savings,BCI,2,0,477.61,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.0,1.2,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,204.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,2.9,0.9,1,savings,Moza Banco,1,0,798.5,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,middle,none,unemployed,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,student,0.4,9.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,female,73,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,17.4,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,primary,self_employed,1.8,1.3,1,savings,GCB,2,0,176.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,24,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,8.6,0.7,1,savings,FDH Bank,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,student,16.4,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,female,41,35-44,second,secondary,employed_formal,24.4,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,11.7,21.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,35.5,12.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,68,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,7.7,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,11.4,14.2,1,savings,KCB,1,0,127.16,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,none,student,5.6,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,2.0,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,174.29,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_informal,1.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,4.5,0.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,2009.98,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,10.7,0.9,1,current,NCBA,1,0,317.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,17.9,7.0,1,savings,Dashen Bank,1,0,3132.18,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,4.8,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,25,18-24,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.9,33.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,60,55+,second,none,employed_formal,6.4,2.4,1,fixed_deposit,Coris Bank,2,0,1005.35,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,21,18-24,second,secondary,self_employed,5.0,1.5,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,587.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,3.5,18.2,1,current,First Bank,3,0,61.22,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.3,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,male,62,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,27.2,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.2,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,47,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,8.5,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,13.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.8,11.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,63,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,5.7,0.3,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,3499.83,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,female,42,35-44,highest,primary,unemployed,4.2,12.4,1,salary_account,KCB,2,0,852.64,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,30.6,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,33.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,60,55+,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.5,0.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,969.86,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,14.1,1.4,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,1202.84,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,12.5,24.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.5,1.4,1,current,FBNBank,1,0,561.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.8,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,female,71,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,5.3,1.3,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,1379.66,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,69,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,28.7,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,unemployed,6.8,21.9,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,3,0,410.86,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,72,55+,fourth,primary,student,1.5,1.0,1,savings,KCB,1,0,172.41,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,63,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,5.9,8.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,70,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,7.4,1,savings,Access Bank,0,21,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,52,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,4.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,male,30,25-34,highest,primary,employed_formal,4.1,3.9,1,savings,Stanbic,4,0,1115.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,51,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,21.0,3.0,1,current,FNB,2,0,44.85,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,male,69,55+,middle,none,self_employed,0.4,0.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,4,0,223.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,urban,female,55,45-54,middle,primary,self_employed,2.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,female,71,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,17.1,8.7,1,savings,Stanbic,2,0,701.89,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,60,55+,second,none,self_employed,12.3,22.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,69,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,9.4,1.1,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,820.88,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,48,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.5,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,female,71,55+,fourth,primary,student,2.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,2.4,1.3,1,savings,Capitec,3,0,408.71,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,5.7,6.9,1,savings,Absa,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,4.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,70,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,10.8,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,101.7,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,student,0.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,31,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_formal,6.7,1.8,1,current,Ecobank,0,14,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,35,25-34,highest,primary,self_employed,5.4,9.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,urban,male,30,25-34,second,primary,student,4.1,0.3,1,fixed_deposit,BCDC,4,0,383.51,none,1,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,12.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,24.2,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,1.0,8.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,rural,male,34,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.3,0.3,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,523.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,4.6,9.1,1,salary_account,Millennium BIM,1,0,457.97,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,38,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,0.8,3.2,1,savings,BMCD,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,7.7,9.3,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,856.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,29.5,7.0,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1303.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,23,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,13.8,0.5,1,savings,BAK,1,0,2881.13,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,male,64,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,1.5,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,fourth,none,student,5.2,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,9.8,3.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.0,1.8,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,1946.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2019,urban,male,25,18-24,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,2.4,0.1,1,salary_account,UBA,4,0,678.7,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,47,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,56.8,10.1,1,salary_account,Standard Bank,2,0,423.14,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,62,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.3,11.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,9.3,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,10.0,10.0,1,current,FNB,2,0,1273.09,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,secondary,employed_informal,34.0,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,18.6,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,none,student,41.3,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,38,35-44,second,none,self_employed,2.6,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,27.5,3.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,119.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,male,34,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,9.4,12.9,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,female,65,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,4.0,17.3,1,savings,Orabank,2,0,514.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,second,none,self_employed,16.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,rural,female,19,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,17.1,10.8,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1752.24,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,66,55+,second,secondary,student,24.8,26.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,41,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,4.4,2.3,1,savings,Capitec,1,0,1249.42,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,4.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,19.0,9.0,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,13.0,11.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,7.2,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,60,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,0.7,1,savings,Nedbank,3,0,264.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,38,35-44,fourth,secondary,student,24.8,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,34,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,8.6,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,female,21,18-24,lowest,none,unemployed,2.0,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,fourth,none,unemployed,53.1,10.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,35,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_informal,2.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,63,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,12.3,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,4.3,2.9,1,savings,GCB,2,0,1354.8,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,66,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,19.5,3.5,1,current,Standard Bank,0,1,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,male,48,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.4,0.7,1,current,Standard Bank,2,0,4322.2,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,second,none,employed_informal,25.2,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,1.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,71,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,4.2,20.8,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,6544.01,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,female,47,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,10.7,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,second,none,self_employed,2.9,5.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,2,0,223.77,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,18.2,19.9,1,savings,Rawbank,2,0,515.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,none,employed_informal,1.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,44,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,8.1,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,employed_informal,32.5,10.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,8.6,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,51,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,3.6,2.8,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,female,56,55+,second,primary,student,0.9,5.2,1,current,CBAO,2,0,982.36,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.1,1.3,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1878.03,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,11.0,5.7,1,current,Dashen Bank,1,0,284.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,urban,female,20,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.9,1.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,345.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,57,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,13.6,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,female,34,25-34,lowest,none,student,2.3,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.9,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,male,18,18-24,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,3.7,1,savings,BDM,2,0,915.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,1.3,23.1,1,savings,I&M Bank,1,0,732.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,67,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,46.1,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,male,22,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,0.4,9.0,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,1802.21,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,primary,employed_informal,45.7,14.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,47,45-54,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,34.2,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,6.6,7.2,1,current,Rawbank,2,0,2109.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,47,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,12.8,6.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,71,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.2,1.2,1,current,Absa,2,0,198.81,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,female,60,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,9.2,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,male,40,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.4,4.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,male,42,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,40,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,12.9,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,38,35-44,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.0,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.1,0.9,1,savings,Stanbic,0,21,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,55,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,8.8,1,savings,UBA,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,3.0,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,73,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,25.6,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,female,20,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.7,14.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,22.0,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,student,0.4,0.5,1,current,Dashen Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,32,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,32.3,14.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,30,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,14.1,4.0,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,67.55,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,female,35,25-34,fourth,tertiary,student,7.0,2.0,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,1439.92,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,7.0,3.4,1,current,Awash Bank,2,0,441.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,male,24,18-24,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,4.9,0.1,1,current,Centenary,1,0,24.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,61,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,9.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,female,43,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,7.4,12.1,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,62.42,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,37,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,16.4,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,442.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,70,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,6.2,2.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,857.21,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,22,18-24,second,none,student,1.7,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,45,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,4.4,18.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,71.7,15.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,unemployed,43.4,2.4,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,293.33,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,highest,primary,student,60.5,4.7,1,fixed_deposit,NBC,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,male,29,25-34,middle,none,employed_informal,1.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,71,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,6.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,female,38,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,3.5,11.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,rural,female,29,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,78.0,6.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,urban,female,32,25-34,middle,primary,student,2.2,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,none,self_employed,18.4,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,56,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,1.5,1,savings,FDH Bank,3,0,1135.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.9,5.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,2453.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,59,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,58,55+,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.7,1.5,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,916.76,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,9.5,32.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,50,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,11.5,2.3,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,4,0,2204.27,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,50,45-54,lowest,primary,student,4.5,9.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,73,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,8.6,1.0,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,239.25,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.2,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,33.6,9.7,1,savings,GTBank,3,0,905.85,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,47,45-54,second,none,student,0.1,0.5,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,2,0,165.31,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,urban,female,50,45-54,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,9.2,2.6,1,current,FDH Bank,1,0,137.62,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,39,35-44,second,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,1.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,282.2,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,74,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.4,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,63,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,7.0,35.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,female,39,35-44,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,9.0,3.3,1,savings,CRDB,1,0,3954.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,14.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,59,55+,highest,primary,student,1.3,0.4,1,current,Stanbic,2,0,1169.78,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,64,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,713.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,rural,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,1.0,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,184.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,22,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,1.6,1.1,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,266.66,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,54,45-54,lowest,primary,student,2.8,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,urban,male,66,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.1,0.6,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,1211.64,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,13.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,8.6,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,33,25-34,second,none,employed_informal,0.9,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,27,25-34,middle,secondary,student,0.8,4.3,1,current,Equity Bank,1,0,960.19,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,49,45-54,middle,secondary,student,9.2,19.2,1,savings,BMCD,3,0,340.63,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,urban,male,33,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,6.3,0.5,1,current,UBA,0,4,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,unemployed,34.0,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,65,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,0.1,0.4,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,127.45,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,second,none,student,5.2,0.7,1,current,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,410.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,urban,male,70,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,1.6,0.6,1,savings,BCDC,2,0,359.08,none,1,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,60,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,25.3,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,50,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,10.2,6.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,3,0,113.91,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,2.9,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,2.3,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,69,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,2.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,highest,primary,employed_informal,8.0,12.3,1,current,FNB,0,17,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,male,47,45-54,fourth,secondary,student,1.2,4.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,599.62,none,1,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,49,45-54,second,none,self_employed,0.1,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,5.9,2.4,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,1117.98,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,26,25-34,middle,secondary,self_employed,30.3,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,22.3,2.5,1,current,GCB,0,16,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,rural,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.8,6.2,1,savings,Millennium BIM,3,0,637.5,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,28,25-34,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,30.8,15.9,1,current,BMCD,2,0,751.57,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,44.4,0.2,1,savings,BCDC,3,0,321.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,10.8,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,1.3,0.1,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,502.42,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,9.0,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,28,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,1.0,1,current,DFCU,2,0,252.79,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,22.6,1.5,1,savings,NMB,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,26,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,7.1,3.1,1,savings,Nedbank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,2.2,2.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,351.65,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,25,18-24,second,tertiary,employed_formal,1.5,4.3,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,661.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,55,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,7.9,9.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,673.68,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,second,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,2.0,1,current,UBA,0,22,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,urban,male,24,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.7,0.5,1,current,CRDB,0,3,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,58,55+,middle,none,self_employed,10.6,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,female,30,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,8.7,12.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,male,52,45-54,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,0.4,1,savings,Absa,1,0,862.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,female,39,35-44,highest,primary,self_employed,28.8,3.1,1,savings,Absa,1,0,5844.96,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,female,58,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,19.7,13.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,23,18-24,lowest,primary,self_employed,7.1,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,33,25-34,highest,primary,student,0.5,16.7,1,current,CBAO,0,7,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,male,65,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,12.3,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,8.5,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,10.3,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,65,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,21.1,26.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,female,38,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.6,5.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,74,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,12.5,15.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,female,19,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,3.2,18.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,52,45-54,middle,tertiary,student,1.0,0.2,1,salary_account,NCBA,0,11,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,47,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,16.0,18.3,1,savings,BCI,0,17,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,urban,female,72,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,6.3,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,15.5,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,38.7,7.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2021,urban,female,65,55+,fourth,secondary,student,4.0,1.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,2,0,1998.43,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,6.4,12.6,1,current,Stanbic,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,54,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,4.8,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,female,61,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.0,7.6,1,savings,I&M Bank,2,0,294.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,4.5,1,current,NBC,3,0,272.98,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,male,40,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,8.1,2.3,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,101.53,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,44,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,13.0,0.3,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1554.12,none,0,0,1,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,61,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,5.8,0.7,1,savings,DFCU,1,0,1881.24,none,1,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,male,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,student,0.8,1.4,1,current,CBAO,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.3,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,27.2,0.8,1,current,First Bank,1,0,427.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,55,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,4.2,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,10.3,1.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,3.8,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,27,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,0.5,2.5,1,savings,NMB,2,0,657.18,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,male,48,45-54,second,secondary,student,4.1,7.0,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,141.47,none,1,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,male,22,18-24,highest,none,employed_informal,8.7,3.2,1,savings,Equity Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.7,1,salary_account,Equity Bank,1,0,273.08,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,male,21,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,45.3,9.5,1,savings,KCB,4,0,1886.3,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,male,44,35-44,middle,primary,unemployed,3.5,3.8,1,current,Stanbic,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,7.8,28.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,310.37,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,3.4,1.3,1,current,BDM,4,0,343.89,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,21,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,5.2,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,female,39,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,2.9,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,52,45-54,lowest,primary,unemployed,2.7,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_formal,0.1,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,female,59,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.3,2.5,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,3,0,678.22,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,female,52,45-54,highest,secondary,self_employed,10.9,25.7,1,savings,NBS Bank,1,0,1614.07,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,64,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,20.6,9.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,female,36,35-44,middle,primary,student,0.7,33.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,60,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,9.3,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,female,60,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,37.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,39,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,0.4,1,savings,BCDC,1,0,1571.02,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2019,urban,female,49,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,1.1,2.1,1,savings,BHS,3,0,381.8,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,none,employed_informal,18.2,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,34,25-34,highest,tertiary,unemployed,2.4,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,male,68,55+,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,5.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,2.7,1,current,Access Bank,1,0,913.66,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mali,2021,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,27.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,63,55+,fourth,none,employed_informal,1.2,21.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.3,13.8,1,savings,Absa,1,0,109.28,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,38,35-44,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,22.4,6.7,1,fixed_deposit,Millennium BIM,4,0,3334.24,none,1,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,64,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,6.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2024,rural,male,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_formal,0.7,9.8,1,salary_account,Orabank,2,0,1482.49,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,58,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.9,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,24,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,4.8,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.0,0.8,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1649.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.7,1.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,27,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,7.6,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,11.7,0.1,1,fixed_deposit,Standard Bank,1,0,1456.84,none,0,1,1,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,male,19,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,7.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,female,68,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,4.8,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,68,55+,second,tertiary,student,0.6,4.6,1,salary_account,BDM,3,0,564.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,female,64,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,1.7,5.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,15.5,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,secondary,unemployed,16.8,14.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,female,69,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,2.5,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,female,57,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,33.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2022,rural,male,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,unemployed,15.3,15.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,employed_informal,1.5,1.9,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,2,0,53.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,67,55+,second,none,unemployed,0.4,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,43,35-44,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.7,8.9,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,1008.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,primary,self_employed,10.5,8.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,rural,male,30,25-34,middle,none,student,15.9,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,rural,male,29,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.3,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,24,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,0.6,2.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,4.1,11.7,1,current,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,student,4.4,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,female,41,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,38.3,23.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,second,none,employed_formal,6.7,1.7,1,savings,National Bank,1,0,245.27,none,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,male,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,27.8,0.5,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,4,0,135.73,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,38,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,5.4,4.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,1.4,2.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,rural,male,64,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,0.0,6.9,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,0,13,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,primary,employed_informal,21.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,urban,female,57,55+,highest,primary,unemployed,0.7,3.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,2427.34,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_formal,17.2,10.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,male,23,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,16.6,5.6,1,current,Nedbank,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,female,23,18-24,second,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,1.9,1,salary_account,Awash Bank,1,0,503.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,71,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,1.7,0.2,1,salary_account,BCDC,1,0,1089.56,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,54,45-54,highest,tertiary,self_employed,17.8,2.1,1,current,Absa,2,0,1938.63,none,1,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,6.4,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,urban,male,67,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,11.3,1.7,1,current,Awash Bank,4,0,404.96,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,unemployed,1.8,0.3,1,savings,Rawbank,4,0,1097.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,15.3,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,24,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,2.2,1.1,1,current,Ecobank,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,68,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,32.7,2.6,1,fixed_deposit,FBNBank,0,18,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,67,55+,middle,none,unemployed,4.2,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,Nedbank,1,0,654.74,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,73,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.6,0.4,1,savings,Awash Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,urban,female,25,18-24,second,primary,employed_informal,0.9,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,rural,male,70,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,2.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,58,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,3.6,24.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,38,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.0,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,2,0,148.7,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,student,8.3,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,male,61,55+,fourth,primary,employed_formal,9.1,0.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,middle,primary,employed_formal,18.3,1.9,1,savings,KCB,2,0,1034.69,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,53,45-54,lowest,secondary,self_employed,2.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,43,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_formal,0.3,2.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,2,0,574.3,none,0,0,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,male,68,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.9,2.4,1,salary_account,Ecobank,2,0,2733.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,28.9,9.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,4.5,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2019,rural,female,48,45-54,lowest,none,employed_formal,3.2,9.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2024,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,6.9,4.1,1,savings,Cooperative Bank,1,0,556.27,none,1,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,male,43,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,3.5,2.9,1,salary_account,KCB,3,0,452.76,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,rural,female,62,55+,second,primary,unemployed,21.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2022,urban,female,22,18-24,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.9,1.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1541.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,urban,female,40,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.6,3.9,1,salary_account,Zanaco,1,0,793.83,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2025,rural,female,27,25-34,highest,secondary,unemployed,10.1,3.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,urban,male,54,45-54,middle,tertiary,self_employed,6.6,1.6,1,fixed_deposit,Ecobank,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2022,urban,male,63,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,0.2,0.6,1,fixed_deposit,CBAO,1,0,65.47,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,59,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,2.7,1,savings,Centenary,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,3.7,0.4,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,281.63,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,32,25-34,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,5.7,6.4,1,current,KCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2021,urban,female,63,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,0.4,3.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,primary,unemployed,3.0,2.3,1,savings,Capitec,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2021,urban,male,29,25-34,fourth,secondary,self_employed,1.1,2.7,1,fixed_deposit,FDH Bank,2,0,605.9,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,19,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,0.7,1,savings,NCBA,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,3.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,female,61,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,5.4,1.7,1,current,FNB,4,0,1734.55,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,female,51,45-54,second,primary,unemployed,5.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,5.9,0.6,1,savings,National Bank,2,0,527.28,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,second,tertiary,unemployed,16.7,5.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,rural,male,25,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,4.0,2.8,1,fixed_deposit,Bank of Kigali,1,0,422.21,none,1,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,fourth,secondary,unemployed,3.5,2.1,1,savings,First National Bank,2,0,167.62,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,secondary,unemployed,3.6,16.7,1,savings,FNB,2,0,119.55,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,0.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,rural,male,48,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,46.9,1.3,1,savings,First Bank,1,0,1067.97,none,1,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2020,urban,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,2.9,0.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,2.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,56,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,6.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,female,31,25-34,highest,secondary,student,20.9,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,male,71,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,5.2,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,female,31,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,3.2,1.1,1,current,UBA,4,0,739.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,urban,female,56,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,0.1,1,current,Ecobank,2,0,223.11,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,7.3,5.5,1,current,Ecobank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,18,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.4,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,fourth,secondary,unemployed,7.0,1.7,1,savings,Millennium BIM,2,0,2488.06,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2023,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,primary,employed_informal,5.9,23.0,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,2328.51,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,55,45-54,second,secondary,employed_formal,8.2,18.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,highest,secondary,unemployed,43.6,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2023,rural,male,57,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,13.8,4.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,rural,male,45,35-44,fourth,secondary,self_employed,2.1,30.1,1,savings,Sonibank,2,0,1466.64,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,rural,female,37,35-44,middle,secondary,unemployed,24.7,5.0,1,savings,Standard Bank,4,0,361.48,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,42,35-44,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.3,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,urban,male,33,25-34,highest,tertiary,self_employed,0.5,0.6,1,savings,Awash Bank,2,0,1714.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,female,70,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.8,7.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,fourth,primary,unemployed,46.8,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2025,urban,male,20,18-24,middle,primary,unemployed,0.3,2.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2025,rural,male,63,55+,middle,primary,unemployed,9.1,3.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,41,35-44,lowest,secondary,student,11.4,17.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,48,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,10.3,4.8,1,savings,BCDC,0,11,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,64,55+,second,primary,unemployed,13.3,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2018,rural,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,4.4,1,savings,Ecobank,2,0,181.72,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,urban,female,67,55+,highest,none,employed_formal,0.3,1.2,1,savings,Awash Bank,3,0,1324.72,none,0,0,1,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,11.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,22,18-24,lowest,none,student,23.3,9.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,22.3,7.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,56,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,41.3,2.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,student,0.6,0.7,1,current,GTBank,1,0,149.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,0.7,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2023,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,25.6,0.6,1,current,Ecobank,3,0,182.77,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2020,urban,male,49,45-54,highest,secondary,unemployed,3.5,0.8,1,savings,Equity Bank,1,0,361.98,none,1,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2022,urban,male,28,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,4.5,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2018,rural,female,37,35-44,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.0,6.3,1,current,Moza Banco,2,0,1307.54,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,0.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,UBA,1,0,81.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2019,rural,female,68,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,8.7,12.0,1,savings,Absa,3,0,61.4,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,2.1,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,31,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,0.3,1.8,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,115.86,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,rural,male,33,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,55.5,15.7,1,current,Capitec,1,0,718.71,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,male,39,35-44,highest,primary,employed_formal,5.8,3.7,1,salary_account,BAK,4,0,1354.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,urban,male,51,45-54,second,secondary,self_employed,1.2,0.6,1,savings,FDH Bank,1,0,207.23,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2018,rural,male,30,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,7.1,4.6,1,salary_account,Access Bank,4,0,1034.73,none,0,1,0,high_burden DRC,2022,urban,female,74,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,0.5,2.6,1,savings,Equity BCDC,0,24,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Senegal,2023,urban,female,74,55+,second,none,employed_formal,2.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,48,45-54,middle,secondary,self_employed,16.2,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,58,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,0.4,3.9,1,savings,First Bank,0,9,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,second,secondary,self_employed,4.5,7.2,1,savings,Ecobank,0,8,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,middle,primary,employed_informal,7.0,6.7,1,savings,Stanbic,0,4,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,2.1,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,336.33,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,fourth,none,unemployed,0.0,23.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,rural,female,61,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,0.8,14.5,1,savings,Absa,2,0,459.16,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,female,21,18-24,highest,secondary,student,10.0,7.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,12.9,4.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,rural,female,35,25-34,fourth,none,student,0.9,1.0,1,savings,NBS Bank,2,0,902.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,urban,male,74,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,0.6,1.2,1,savings,First National Bank,4,0,363.48,none,0,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,66,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,6.9,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,DFCU,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2018,urban,female,60,55+,second,secondary,student,0.5,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,22.2,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,67,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,11.9,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,47,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,53.0,1.8,1,savings,NMB,1,0,149.25,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,74,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,5.7,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,male,43,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,1.0,1,savings,First Bank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,2.1,1.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,unemployed,2.9,0.3,1,salary_account,BHS,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,urban,female,32,25-34,second,none,employed_formal,3.0,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.8,20.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,male,58,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,48.8,3.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,40,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,1.2,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,40,35-44,second,secondary,unemployed,0.9,2.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,3,0,313.05,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,33,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,15.1,2.9,1,current,CBAO,1,0,89.69,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,rural,male,52,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,10.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,3.1,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,20.1,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,female,40,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,7.2,4.4,1,salary_account,NBC,3,0,308.66,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,male,70,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.6,0.8,1,fixed_deposit,FNB,2,0,809.73,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,female,45,35-44,second,secondary,self_employed,0.9,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,female,51,45-54,highest,primary,student,1.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2022,urban,female,44,35-44,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.0,1,current,Centenary,2,0,4679.1,none,0,0,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,65,55+,middle,none,employed_informal,6.8,1.9,1,salary_account,Access Bank,0,12,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_formal,22.2,7.7,1,savings,Absa,1,0,1560.75,none,1,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,male,66,55+,lowest,none,student,4.2,2.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,19.3,17.3,1,savings,Access Bank,2,0,147.82,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,43,35-44,lowest,none,unemployed,3.7,5.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,63,55+,highest,primary,self_employed,27.9,10.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,1484.45,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,female,53,45-54,highest,primary,unemployed,2.2,0.2,1,fixed_deposit,Capitec,2,0,4522.05,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,highest,none,unemployed,5.2,1.2,1,savings,Moza Banco,2,0,2095.98,none,1,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,employed_informal,9.1,11.2,1,savings,DFCU,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,male,33,25-34,fourth,primary,employed_formal,6.3,30.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,31,25-34,middle,primary,unemployed,2.2,16.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2022,rural,female,50,45-54,fourth,none,self_employed,11.9,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,male,55,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,tertiary,unemployed,0.6,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2022,urban,male,51,45-54,fourth,none,employed_informal,4.4,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2025,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.8,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2018,rural,male,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,0.4,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2023,urban,male,65,55+,second,secondary,unemployed,1.5,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2022,rural,female,43,35-44,fourth,primary,self_employed,17.4,22.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2021,rural,female,34,25-34,second,tertiary,employed_informal,14.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2024,urban,male,38,35-44,middle,secondary,employed_formal,3.7,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2025,rural,female,64,55+,middle,none,unemployed,5.8,33.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,female,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,15.0,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,self_employed,4.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,37,35-44,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,3.3,0.7,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,33,25-34,lowest,none,employed_formal,1.4,8.0,1,current,Standard Bank,1,0,219.99,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2024,urban,female,61,55+,second,tertiary,student,4.7,4.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,urban,male,21,18-24,fourth,primary,employed_informal,12.7,5.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,42,35-44,middle,none,employed_informal,7.7,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,rural,male,62,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,22.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2020,rural,female,18,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,7.0,16.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,71,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,19.2,25.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,religious,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,rural,female,32,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,31.8,6.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2022,urban,female,25,18-24,second,secondary,employed_informal,6.2,0.8,1,savings,BAK,0,17,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,27,25-34,middle,secondary,student,5.6,0.9,1,current,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,rural,female,51,45-54,middle,none,unemployed,42.2,16.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,53,45-54,highest,tertiary,student,20.1,7.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,47,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,4.8,2.2,1,current,BHS,1,0,10164.95,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,4.4,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,35,25-34,second,secondary,student,23.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2025,rural,male,26,25-34,fourth,none,self_employed,45.8,0.4,1,salary_account,Absa,1,0,1681.64,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,73,55+,fourth,primary,self_employed,6.3,2.2,1,salary_account,GCB,0,16,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,23,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,1.9,14.8,1,salary_account,BDM,1,0,1172.02,none,1,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2020,urban,female,23,18-24,second,primary,student,0.4,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2018,urban,female,18,18-24,middle,tertiary,self_employed,10.1,4.6,1,savings,Zenith Bank,1,0,431.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Mozambique,2019,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,8.0,1.4,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,952.27,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,49,45-54,fourth,secondary,employed_formal,6.4,1.3,1,current,Fidelity,0,20,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,female,28,25-34,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,1.2,1.6,1,current,Standard Bank,3,0,499.75,none,0,0,1,high_burden DRC,2023,rural,male,53,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.2,1.2,1,savings,Rawbank,3,0,526.92,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2025,rural,female,71,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.9,4.9,1,salary_account,FBNBank,0,1,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,48,45-54,middle,secondary,employed_informal,12.3,3.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,8.8,17.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,47,45-54,middle,primary,unemployed,1.8,0.4,1,savings,Absa,0,2,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2020,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,4.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,66,55+,highest,tertiary,employed_formal,10.3,2.3,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,2395.59,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,73,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,3.2,2.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,3,0,706.25,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,58,55+,second,none,employed_informal,36.9,10.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,58,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,5.5,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2025,rural,female,31,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_formal,3.0,9.4,1,savings,Coris Bank,0,19,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2024,rural,male,39,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,3.7,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,55,45-54,highest,tertiary,employed_informal,1.7,8.0,1,current,Awash Bank,0,22,0.0,none,1,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,rural,female,25,18-24,second,primary,self_employed,3.6,5.6,1,current,BHS,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,female,21,18-24,second,tertiary,unemployed,31.5,16.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,21.8,1,salary_account,Access Bank,2,0,222.36,none,0,1,1,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,73,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,8.6,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2019,rural,female,58,55+,highest,none,employed_informal,20.8,40.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,male,46,45-54,second,primary,employed_informal,3.1,9.9,1,savings,Ecobank,1,0,144.27,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,33,25-34,second,primary,unemployed,13.8,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,urban,female,36,35-44,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,0.2,1.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,0,4,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden South Africa,2022,urban,female,71,55+,middle,primary,employed_informal,6.4,2.9,1,current,Nedbank,2,0,346.31,none,1,0,1,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,71,55+,lowest,secondary,unemployed,0.5,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,female,67,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,3.6,16.2,1,savings,DFCU,0,2,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2020,rural,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,13.2,16.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,urban,male,74,55+,second,tertiary,unemployed,0.7,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,fourth,none,unemployed,29.7,9.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2019,urban,female,52,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,5.2,0.8,1,salary_account,Stanbic,2,0,1360.1,none,0,1,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,male,26,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,1.2,1,fixed_deposit,Stanbic,0,20,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,56,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.4,0.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,primary,self_employed,90.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,male,32,25-34,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,2.0,1.4,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,0,23,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2021,urban,female,52,45-54,fourth,primary,unemployed,0.6,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,58,55+,middle,secondary,self_employed,6.7,7.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,56,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,4.3,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,male,67,55+,second,secondary,employed_formal,3.6,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2024,urban,female,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,10.6,0.3,1,savings,CBAO,2,0,389.65,none,0,1,1,high_burden Ghana,2024,urban,female,19,18-24,middle,primary,self_employed,3.5,2.6,1,savings,Absa,3,0,924.09,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,female,63,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,32.0,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,rural,female,35,25-34,lowest,primary,unemployed,20.9,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,65,55+,second,none,self_employed,5.7,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2021,urban,male,36,35-44,middle,secondary,student,5.2,0.9,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,18,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2024,rural,female,45,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,7.2,2.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2023,urban,male,61,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,3.3,0.3,1,current,First Bank,1,0,238.73,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,primary,self_employed,12.5,6.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,urban,male,65,55+,second,tertiary,employed_formal,0.3,0.9,1,salary_account,Zanaco,4,0,404.93,none,1,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,36,35-44,lowest,secondary,self_employed,33.5,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,rural,male,73,55+,middle,none,employed_formal,48.5,0.2,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,15,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,male,65,55+,lowest,none,self_employed,45.0,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,39,35-44,second,primary,employed_formal,57.4,1.8,1,fixed_deposit,BAK,4,0,705.3,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,12.5,8.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,tertiary,unemployed,1.1,0.6,1,salary_account,BMCD,1,0,160.84,none,1,0,0,high_burden DRC,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,fourth,primary,student,3.6,1.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2025,urban,female,53,45-54,second,secondary,employed_informal,2.2,0.1,1,savings,Société Générale,2,0,625.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2020,urban,female,24,18-24,highest,none,employed_formal,3.2,1.2,1,savings,Absa,1,0,7835.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2018,rural,female,36,35-44,second,primary,employed_informal,36.3,11.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2024,urban,male,25,18-24,highest,none,unemployed,0.4,0.7,1,current,Absa,2,0,1674.36,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ghana,2022,rural,male,50,45-54,fourth,primary,student,3.6,4.5,1,salary_account,GCB,4,0,1825.5,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2025,rural,male,59,55+,second,none,employed_informal,0.3,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2022,urban,male,32,25-34,second,primary,employed_formal,2.9,0.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,female,30,25-34,lowest,primary,employed_formal,1.6,0.2,1,savings,Absa,0,5,0.0,none,1,0,1,high_burden DRC,2018,rural,female,29,25-34,highest,secondary,employed_formal,26.9,10.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,60,55+,middle,primary,employed_formal,9.4,9.8,1,savings,NCBA,1,0,675.88,none,1,1,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,74,55+,highest,secondary,employed_informal,21.0,4.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,urban,male,59,55+,second,none,student,0.3,0.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2023,urban,female,69,55+,lowest,tertiary,self_employed,0.6,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2019,rural,female,68,55+,second,secondary,self_employed,16.3,7.3,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,2,0,192.86,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ghana,2022,urban,female,46,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.7,0.4,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,1300.57,none,1,1,1,high_burden Uganda,2018,rural,male,44,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,34.2,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,urban,female,33,25-34,second,secondary,student,1.4,0.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,urban,male,30,25-34,fourth,primary,self_employed,0.2,0.4,1,current,Moza Banco,1,0,229.89,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2022,rural,male,53,45-54,middle,secondary,unemployed,27.2,2.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2022,urban,female,27,25-34,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,0.2,2.0,1,savings,I&M Bank,4,0,2188.41,none,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_formal,6.7,12.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2021,rural,female,54,45-54,middle,primary,employed_informal,11.5,10.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2023,rural,male,20,18-24,middle,none,employed_informal,4.7,3.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2019,urban,male,46,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,2.6,0.9,1,current,FNB,1,0,380.73,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,25,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,3.9,17.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2021,rural,female,69,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.9,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,highest,none,self_employed,31.7,5.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2023,urban,female,68,55+,middle,tertiary,unemployed,4.0,0.4,1,salary_account,BMCD,0,18,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,female,66,55+,fourth,none,self_employed,20.6,27.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2018,rural,female,22,18-24,second,secondary,unemployed,7.5,2.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,female,37,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,0.2,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2025,rural,male,42,35-44,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,13.1,1.0,1,savings,National Bank,0,10,0.0,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2019,urban,male,69,55+,fourth,primary,student,5.2,0.8,1,savings,NBC,1,0,1460.67,none,0,1,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,female,58,55+,lowest,primary,employed_formal,11.9,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2019,rural,male,46,45-54,middle,none,self_employed,25.2,4.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2020,rural,male,63,55+,fourth,primary,student,9.0,2.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2019,urban,male,50,45-54,fourth,tertiary,self_employed,6.2,2.1,1,savings,KCB,1,0,1939.28,none,1,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2020,urban,male,62,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.5,0.1,1,savings,GTBank,0,23,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,female,60,55+,highest,secondary,self_employed,18.1,8.6,1,savings,Stanbic,1,0,2274.97,none,1,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,rural,female,51,45-54,fourth,primary,employed_informal,57.6,12.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,female,37,35-44,middle,primary,self_employed,0.0,6.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,male,57,55+,middle,primary,self_employed,50.4,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2018,rural,male,56,55+,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,5.2,6.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,urban,female,33,25-34,highest,secondary,self_employed,3.7,4.0,1,savings,Coris Bank,4,0,401.48,none,0,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2024,rural,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,12.8,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2024,rural,male,62,55+,second,primary,self_employed,0.2,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2021,rural,female,56,55+,second,primary,self_employed,50.8,14.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,1.1,0.7,1,fixed_deposit,Fidelity,0,5,0.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,20,18-24,fourth,tertiary,unemployed,2.0,2.9,1,current,BCI,2,0,1178.02,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,male,32,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_formal,48.5,2.2,1,savings,Zanaco,0,7,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2018,urban,female,21,18-24,fourth,none,self_employed,0.8,4.0,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1196.58,none,1,0,0,high_burden Rwanda,2021,urban,male,66,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,1.2,0.6,1,savings,Equity Bank,3,0,1096.1,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2025,rural,female,72,55+,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,2.0,11.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,rural,male,64,55+,lowest,secondary,self_employed,46.5,3.5,1,savings,Standard Bank,1,0,606.4,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2023,rural,female,64,55+,fourth,secondary,employed_informal,0.6,0.9,1,savings,Zanaco,0,7,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,female,28,25-34,lowest,none,unemployed,16.5,5.1,1,salary_account,Coris Bank,0,8,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,rural,male,20,18-24,highest,none,self_employed,9.8,3.2,1,savings,CBAO,1,0,790.39,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2020,rural,male,64,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_formal,11.1,17.3,1,savings,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,unemployed,15.4,1.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2020,urban,male,65,55+,fourth,none,employed_formal,3.4,0.1,1,current,Société Générale,1,0,280.54,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2018,urban,male,57,55+,lowest,none,employed_informal,2.0,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,42,35-44,lowest,primary,employed_informal,5.9,6.8,1,current,Absa,1,0,143.19,none,0,1,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,female,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,1.6,0.7,1,savings,Commercial Bank of Ethiopia,1,0,53.66,none,0,0,1,high_burden Zambia,2018,urban,male,64,55+,middle,tertiary,self_employed,3.2,0.3,1,savings,Zanaco,2,0,441.69,none,0,0,1,high_burden Tanzania,2023,urban,male,57,55+,highest,secondary,unemployed,0.6,1.0,1,savings,Stanbic,0,7,0.0,none,1,1,0,high_burden Tanzania,2024,rural,male,41,35-44,fourth,none,self_employed,28.1,1.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2024,rural,female,57,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,1.3,5.1,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,rural,male,36,35-44,fourth,primary,unemployed,42.6,18.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2024,urban,female,54,45-54,highest,primary,employed_informal,0.3,0.3,1,salary_account,Moza Banco,4,0,1667.44,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2024,urban,female,49,45-54,second,secondary,unemployed,6.4,0.8,1,current,Zenith Bank,3,0,425.0,none,0,1,1,high_burden Nigeria,2023,rural,male,42,35-44,second,primary,unemployed,25.8,3.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,urban,male,34,25-34,second,none,self_employed,0.2,0.3,1,savings,BMCD,2,0,363.7,none,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2021,rural,female,40,35-44,lowest,primary,unemployed,35.5,8.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,male,60,55+,fourth,none,unemployed,4.7,1.2,1,savings,Nedbank,2,0,526.25,none,1,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,urban,male,42,35-44,middle,primary,employed_informal,3.8,1.7,1,savings,Absa,4,0,635.49,none,1,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2018,rural,male,51,45-54,second,tertiary,employed_formal,6.6,0.8,1,current,Awash Bank,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2023,urban,female,63,55+,second,primary,employed_formal,0.5,0.3,1,current,Capitec,4,0,118.79,none,0,0,1,high_burden Niger,2024,urban,male,23,18-24,middle,secondary,unemployed,0.2,5.9,1,current,Orabank,0,17,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden Kenya,2023,urban,female,26,25-34,highest,primary,unemployed,2.1,0.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2020,rural,male,55,45-54,lowest,none,unemployed,0.5,1.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2021,rural,female,19,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,7.6,26.6,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2024,rural,female,59,55+,highest,primary,employed_informal,4.3,9.0,1,savings,BMCD,0,5,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2018,rural,male,24,18-24,middle,secondary,self_employed,32.1,1.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Zambia,2024,rural,male,18,18-24,lowest,secondary,self_employed,4.6,6.0,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Kenya,2025,rural,female,72,55+,fourth,secondary,self_employed,8.3,3.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2019,rural,male,71,55+,second,primary,employed_informal,4.0,10.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,female,39,35-44,fourth,primary,employed_informal,1.8,3.6,1,savings,Standard Bank,0,13,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2025,urban,male,22,18-24,lowest,secondary,employed_formal,1.1,1.0,1,fixed_deposit,Absa,1,0,275.12,none,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2020,rural,male,52,45-54,highest,primary,self_employed,4.5,1.6,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,346.43,none,0,0,1,high_burden Ethiopia,2023,urban,male,59,55+,lowest,primary,unemployed,0.5,4.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Malawi,2023,rural,male,25,18-24,lowest,primary,employed_informal,15.2,21.5,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,other,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2018,urban,male,36,35-44,lowest,primary,self_employed,4.8,0.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,female,59,55+,second,tertiary,self_employed,5.7,7.3,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,distance,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2021,urban,male,19,18-24,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,7.8,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ethiopia,2022,urban,male,61,55+,middle,secondary,employed_informal,0.0,1.4,1,savings,Dashen Bank,2,0,954.74,none,0,1,0,high_burden Uganda,2021,urban,male,38,35-44,lowest,none,student,1.1,0.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden South Africa,2025,rural,male,29,25-34,middle,none,unemployed,53.7,0.1,1,savings,Absa,2,0,530.18,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2020,rural,male,24,18-24,highest,secondary,self_employed,4.9,19.4,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2021,rural,male,66,55+,second,none,employed_formal,45.9,0.6,1,salary_account,Absa,0,6,0.0,none,0,0,0,high_burden DRC,2022,rural,male,31,25-34,lowest,none,employed_informal,5.0,0.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Tanzania,2019,rural,female,46,45-54,lowest,secondary,employed_informal,25.4,8.8,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Nigeria,2022,urban,female,48,45-54,highest,none,self_employed,3.8,0.2,1,savings,Zenith Bank,2,0,2962.78,none,0,1,0,high_burden Niger,2023,rural,female,69,55+,lowest,none,employed_formal,20.4,4.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,documentation,0,0,0,high_burden Mozambique,2023,urban,female,54,45-54,lowest,none,employed_informal,4.0,2.2,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,cost,0,0,0,high_burden Ghana,2019,rural,female,53,45-54,middle,none,employed_informal,7.0,7.0,1,current,GCB,2,0,717.94,none,0,0,0,high_burden Mali,2018,urban,female,58,55+,fourth,tertiary,employed_informal,2.2,0.8,1,current,BMCD,3,0,3353.17,none,0,0,1,high_burden Rwanda,2024,urban,female,72,55+,middle,secondary,student,2.4,2.7,1,savings,Ecobank,4,0,1287.62,none,0,1,0,high_burden Rwanda,2023,urban,male,23,18-24,fourth,secondary,self_employed,0.7,3.1,1,savings,Bank of Kigali,1,0,3295.02,none,0,1,0,high_burden Senegal,2018,urban,male,27,25-34,lowest,tertiary,employed_informal,9.4,7.9,1,current,BHS,1,0,78.53,none,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2019,rural,female,26,25-34,lowest,secondary,self_employed,1.6,20.7,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,no_need,0,0,0,high_burden Niger,2020,urban,male,31,25-34,fourth,secondary,unemployed,1.2,1.6,1,current,Sonibank,0,1,0.0,none,0,1,0,high_burden South Africa,2018,rural,male,35,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,23.3,0.5,1,savings,Absa,1,0,180.64,none,0,0,1,high_burden Mali,2022,urban,male,27,25-34,middle,tertiary,employed_informal,4.6,0.4,1,savings,Ecobank,3,0,55.45,none,0,0,0,high_burden Senegal,2019,rural,female,47,45-54,second,primary,student,6.0,1.9,0,none,none,0,0,0.0,trust,0,0,0,high_burden