[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
I am attempting to shift a small business (5 email inboxes) over to Microsoft 365 business. I made sure to organise all the DNS prerequisites on both sides before performing the migration. During the automated process, while it completed no JSON file was created on the Google side. I attempted to download the API key for the service account, but I get the error that the Service account key creation is disabled.

Tracing that, I found under the organisational policies that the service account key creation (iam.disableServiceAccountKeyCreation) was enforced. There is only one account with access to the cloud, policies etc. the account is supposed to have all organisational permissions, however checking on the cloud shell, I continue to get access errors, and neither the service account or the main account appear to have permissions to make any changes.
I am brand new to this account/network/business side of IT so I am a bit unsure what the issue might be. I have attempted to make changes according to the documentation but I have had no success.
Looking at the `gcloud organizations describe organizationurl.com` in the return there is no depicted `owner:`. using `gcloud projects describe projectnametmpz' I get a do not have permission to access projects error. Similarly for
```
`gcloud iam service-accounts keys create file.json \
--iam-account serviceaccountkey@projectid-tpmz.iam.gserviceaccount.com

ERROR: (gcloud.iam.service-accounts.keys.create) FAILED_PRECONDITION: Key creati
```

[Assistant]
I had the same problem after completing the EOP wizard for Workspace migration. Took me a couple of hours to figure out 8-/
With a Workspace super admin, login to https://console.cloud.google.com.
Make sure you're working in the root org.

Select IAM and admin.
In IAM on left-hand menu, edit permissions for organisation.
Add Organisation Policy Administrator and save.
Go to Organisation policies in left-hand menu.
Search for 'Disable service account key creation'.
Edit policy, set Enforcement to Off and save.
Change workspace from root org to the project the 365 wizard created. Mine was called projectnamempij.
In IAM and admin, go to Service accounts in left-hand menu.
In the 3 dots menu besides the service account, select Manage keys.
When in service account, Add key -> Create new key.
The json file is created and downloaded.
Create a new endpoint in Exchange Online and use the downloaded json

Hope this helps.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this redis incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
**Description**: Description of your issue, stack traces from errors and code that reproduces the issue
- [**apache/airflow** discussion #36097 _CeleryExecutor is failing to launch tasks with redis error_](https://github.com/apache/airflow/discussions/36097)
- [**celery/kombu** issue #1815 _import exception raised in transport/redis "module 'redis' has no attribute 'client' "_](https://github.com/celery/kombu/issues/1815)

Our environment:

```
airflow: this happens with both 2.6 and latest 2.9.3 version
helm chart: 1.9, 1.14 or 1.15
python: 3.11.9
redis: 4.6.0 (airflow 2.6) and 5.0.7 (airflow 2.9)
kombu: 5.3.1 (airflow 2.6) and 5.3.7 (airflow 2.9)
```

We 've observed this issue since at least several months ago with our airflow deployment using official helm chart, we have the same issue as in related issues/discussion:

```
Aug 8 08:29:02 airflow-XXX-scheduler-XXX-zhtb8 scheduler ERROR {timeout.py:68} ERROR - Process timed out, PID: 7
Aug 8 08:29:02 airflow-XXX-scheduler-XXX-zhtb8 scheduler {celery_executor.py:279} INFO - [Try 1 of 3] Task Timeout Error for Task: (TaskInstanceKey(dag_id='XXX', task_id='XXX', run_id='manual__2024-06-19T14:06:39+00:00', try_number=51, map_index=-1)).
Aug 8 08:29:03 airflow-XXX-scheduler-XXX-zhtb8 scheduler {celery_executor.py:290} ERROR - Error sending Celery task: module 'redis' has no attribute 'client'
Aug 8 08:29:03 airflow-XXX-scheduler-XXX-zhtb8 scheduler Celery Task ID: TaskInstanceKey(dag_id='XXX', task_id='XXX', run_id='manual__2024
```

[Assistant]
The issue downstream seems to be relevant still:
- https://github.com/apache/airflow/issues/41359#issuecomment-3109676393
- https://github.com/apache/airflow/issues/41359#issuecomment-3347579368
- https://github.com/apache/airflow/issues/41359#issuecomment-3484894225


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to filter aws subnets in terraform

I am porting a custom made deployment infrastructure to terraform. In that custom codebase there is something that says - fetch all available subnets from default region vpc but only those that have 20 or more available IPv4 addresses.
So I was experimenting with this code
`data "aws_vpc" "main" {
 default = true
}

data "aws_subnets" "vpcsubnets" {
 filter {
 name = "vpc-id"
 values = [data.aws_vpc.main.id]
 }
 filter {
 name = "default-for-az"
 values = [true]
 }
 filter {
 name = "state"
 values = ["available"]
 }
}

output "ids2" {
 value = {
 for k, v in data.aws_subnets.vpcsubnets : k => v if v.available_ip_address_count > 20
 }
}

`
But I get errors like these
```
` Error: Invalid reference
│
│ on main.tf line 51, in output "ids2":
│ 51: for k, vid in data.aws_subnets.vpcsubnets : k => v if v.available_ip_address_count > 20
│
│ A reference to a resource type must be followed by at least one attribute access, specifying the resource name.
`
```
Using Terraform 1.0.8 and aws provider 3.62
```

[Assistant]
You need an extra intermediary step here. The full list of available subnets is available in the attribute `data.aws_subnets.vpcsubnets.ids`, but the attribute `available_ip_address_count` will only be available from the `aws_subnet` data. You need to retrieve that information for each available subnet in an intermediary data:
```
`data "aws_subnet" "vpcsubnet" {
 for_each = toset(data.aws_subnets.vpcsubnets.ids)

 id = each.value
}
`
```
Now the attribute is available in the namespace `data.aws_subnet.vpcsubnet[""].available_ip_address_count`. You can easily make a small update to your `output` for this:
```
`output "ids2" {
 value = {
 for id, attributes in data.aws_subnet.vpcsubnet : id => attributes if attributes.available_ip_address_count > 20
 }
}
`
```
where I also renamed the temporary lambda variables for clarity.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Body exceeded 1mb limit error in Next.js API route

If I use `FormData` on Next.js to upload image to server I always get this error.
I tried a lot but I didn't fix this.
My code:
`const changeValue = (e) => {
if (e.target.name === "avatar") {
 const file = e.target.files[0];
 const formData = new FormData();
 formData.append("image", file, file.name);
 try {
 const config = {
 Headers: {
 "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data",
 },
 };
 axios
 .post("/api/upload", formData, config)
 .then((res) => {
 setAvatar(res.data);
 setAvatarPreview(res.data);
 })
 .catch((err) => {
 console.log(err.message);
 });
 } catch (err) {
 console.log(err);
 }
 }
}
`
```

[Assistant]
API routes in `page` router
The default size limit for the body parser is `1mb` in API routes. You can modify this value through the custom `config` object exported from the API route.
`// /pages/api/upload.js

export const config = {
 api: {
 bodyParser: {
 sizeLimit: '2mb' // Set desired value here
 }
 }
}
`
Note that there's a limit imposed on the API routes body size, see How to override the 4mb API Routes body size limit? for details.

Server Actions in `app` router
The same default size limit of `1mb` is applied to Server Actions. You can modify this value using the `serverActions.bodySizeLimit` option in `next.config.js`.
`// next.config.js

module.exports = {
 serverActions: {
 bodySizeLimit: '2mb' // Set desired value here
 }
}
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Deploy Cloud Storage Triggers in Multi-Region Buckets

I am trying to deploy a Cloud Storage trigger by following the guide here:
https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/tutorials/storage#object_finalize
I want to listen for any finalization in my default "us multi-region" bucket. Unfortunately, when I try to deploy the function trigger via gcloud cli as described in the link above:
```
`gcloud functions deploy **** \
--gen2 \
--region=us-central1 \
--project=**** \
--trigger-event-filters="type=google.cloud.storage.object.v1.finalized" \
--trigger-event-filters="bucket={my-multi-region-bucket}"
`
```
I get the following error:
```
`INVALID_ARGUMENT: Cannot create trigger ****:
Bucket '****' is in location 'us', but the trigger location is 'us-central1'.
The trigger must be in the same location as the bucket.
Try redeploying and changing the trigger location to 'us'.
`
```
```

[Assistant]
I finally got it working by simply adding the `--trigger-location=us` as shown below:
```
`gcloud functions deploy **** \
--gen2 \
--region=us-central1 \
--project=**** \
--trigger-event-filters="type=google.cloud.storage.object.v1.finalized" \
--trigger-event-filters="bucket={my-multi-region-bucket}" \
--trigger-location=us
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Turbopack Error: Failed to write app endpoint /(dashboard)/projects/[id]/flows/[flowId]/page

Turbopack version: `v16.1.0-canary.19-88-gda605e0c4`
Next.js version: `16.1.4 or 6`

Error message:
```RUST_BACKTRACE=full bun run build
$ next build
▲ Next.js 16.1.6 (Turbopack)
- Environments: .env

 Creating an optimized production build ...

thread 'tokio-runtime-worker' (104244) panicked at /Users/geist/dev/actions-runner/_work/next.js/next.js/turbopack/crates/turbopack-core/src/chunk/chunk_group.rs:269:25:
internal error: entered unreachable code
stack backtrace:
 0: 0xa8a566254 - _napi_register_module_v1
 1: 0xa8a577cfc - _napi_register_module_v1
 2: 0xa8a53ac80 - _napi_register_module_v1
 3: 0xa8a545394 - _napi_register_module_v1
 4: 0xa8a54a394 - _napi_register_module_v1
 5: 0xa8a54a248 - _napi_register_module_v1
 6: 0xa8a54ab10 - _napi_register_module_v1
 7: 0xa8a54a794 - _napi_register_module_v1
 8: 0xa8a5454a0 - _napi_register_module_v1
 9: 0xa8a532e28 - _napi_register_module_v1
 10: 0xa8a6a56d0 - _napi_register_module_v1
 11: 0xa8a6a56b0 - _napi_register_module_v1
 12: 0xa875690ac - <unknown>
 13: 0xa8751b73c - <unknown>
 14: 0xa87502a6c - <unknown>
 15: 0xa86684d7c - <unknown>
 16: 0xa86578f50 - <unknown>
 17: 0xa8665ec70 - <unknown>
 18: 0xa8665aa70 - <unknown>
 19: 0xa86577a10 - <unknown>
 20: 0xa865b4594 - <unknown>
 21: 0xa8646c318 - <unknown>
 22: 0xa8647da50 - <unknown>
 23: 0xa8647ddf0 - <unknown>
 24: 0xa8a503068 - _napi_register_module_v1
 25: 0xa8a502728 - _na
```

[Assistant]
We're experiencing the same issue on **Next.js 16.1.6** with Turbopack production builds.

**Environment:**
- Next.js: 16.1.6
- Build command: `next build --turbo`
- Platform: GitHub Actions (Linux runner)
- Previously working on: 16.0.10

**Error:**
```
thread 'tokio-runtime-worker' panicked at /build/turbopack/crates/turbopack-core/src/chunk/chunk_group.rs:269:25:
internal error: entered unreachable code

TurbopackInternalError: Failed to write app endpoint /(main)/(home)/page
```

**Example next.config.mjs:**
```js
const nextConfig = {
 output: 'standalone',
 reactCompiler: true,
 turbopack: {
 resolveAlias: {
 'some-package': './lib/bundled/some-package.mjs',
 },
 rules: {
 '*.svg': {
 loaders: ['@svgr/webpack'],
 as: '*.js',
 },
 },
 },
 experimental: {
 memoryBasedWorkersCount: true,
 },
};
```

**Notes:**
- Build was working fine on 16.0.10
- Upgraded to 16.1.6 and the build started failing
- Error occurs consistently on retry (not flaky)

This appears to be a regression introduced between 16.0.10 and 16.1.x.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
[BUG] Blob triggers log "Blob Size: None" when triggered

### Investigative information
Func version: 4.0.5390
Python version: 3.10.11
Extension bundle: v4
Repros with both programming model V1 & V2

### Repro steps
1. Create a Python Functions project
2. Create a blob trigger function (use default template), listening to blobs on the `samples-workitems` container in the local emulator
4. Execute your function using F5 on VSCode or running `func start`
5. Trigger your function by uploading any blob to the `samples-workitems` container in the emulator
6. Check output log

### Expected behavior
Show the correct blob size in the output log:
![image](https://github.com/Azure/azure-functions-python-worker/assets/31644556/0f95902f-cc75-433c-a4e8-2c11c8af9ad1)

### Actual behavior
The blob size is "None bytes" in the output log:

![image](https://github.com/Azure/azure-functions-python-worker/assets/31644556/2ce0b09f-b8d2-4ba9-9451-da2774755e3a)

### Known workarounds
The default template for blob triggers logs the size of the blob using `myblob.length`. I tried manually debugging the function, and saw that in my one example, using instead `myblob.blob_properties['ContentLength']` to log the blob length worked. I'm not sure if that's always set or a reliable property though. Also not sure if this is a Python worker issue that it doesn't properly set the `myblob.length` property, or a templates issue that it shouldn't rely on the `myblob.length` property to begin with.

### Contents
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant] This has been fixed! Please make sure to update to `azure-functions >= 1.22.0b4` and add `"PYTHON_ISOLATE_WORKER_DEPENDENCIES": "1"`.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Ignore pubsub topic if it already created

I have a simple script to deploy a pubsub application.
This script will run on every deploy of my Cloud Run service and I have a line with:
```
`gcloud pubsub topics create some-topic
`
```
I want to improve my script if the topic already exist, currently if I run my script, the output will be:

ERROR: Failed to create topic [projects/project-id/topics/some-topic]: Resource already exists in the project (resource=some-topic).

ERROR: (gcloud.pubsub.topics.create) Failed to create the following: [some-topic].

I tried the flag `--no-user-output-enabled` but no success.
Is there a way to ignore if the resource already exists, or a way to check before create?
```

[Assistant]
Yes.
You can repeat the operation knowing that, if the topic didn't exist beforehand, it will if the command succeeds.
You can swallow stderr (with `2>/dev/null`) and then check whether the previous command (`$?`) succeeded (`0`):
`gcloud pubsub topic create do-something 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
 # Command succeeded, topic did not exist
 echo "Topic ${TOPIC} did not exist, created."
else
 # Command did not succeed, topic may (!) not have existed
 echo "Failure"
fi
`

NOTE This approach misses the fact that, the command may fail and the topic didn't exist (i.e. some other issue).

Alternatively (more accurately and more expensively!) you can enumerate the topics first and then try (!) to create it if it doesn't exist:
`TOPIC="some-topic"
RESULT=$(\
 gcloud pubsub topics list \
 --filter="name.scope(topics)=${TOPIC}" \
 --format="value(name)" 2>/dev/null)

if [ "${RESULT}" == "" ]
then
 echo "Topic ${TOPIC} does not exist, creating..."
 gcloud pubsub topics create ${TOPIC}
 if [ $? -eq 0 ]
 then
 # Command succeeded, topic created
 else
 # Command did not succeed, topic was not created
 fi
fi
`
Depending on the complexity of your needs, you can automate using:

any of Google's (Pub/Sub) libraries which provide better error-handling and retry capabilities.
Terraform e.g. google_pubsub_topic


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Yaml-Pipeline starts on every commit even though it should only be triggered on schedule

I have an Azure Devops- pipeline that should be run each day at 3:00 on the `develop` - Branch. The start of the Yaml looks like this:
```
`schedules:
- cron: "0 3 * * *"
 displayName: 3 build
 branches:
 include:
 - develop

pool:
 name: default
 demands: Agent.OS -equals Windows_NT
steps:
...
`
```
Now my problem is: Whenever I push changes to ANY branch the pipeline starts to run ("Individual CI for ") so not only the cron is ignored, also the branchfilter seems to be ignored.
I have no overridden Trigger setup in the DevOps - UI.
What went wrong?
(there are no branch-policies that trigger this pipeline)
```

[Assistant]
If you don't specify a set of triggers then Azure DevOps assumes that you want triggers on everything.
so not having a `trigger` section is the same as writing
```
`trigger:
 branches:
 include:
 - '*'
`
```
If you don't want any triggers then you need to add the following to your pipeline
```
`trigger: none
`
```
This will explicitly tell Azure DevOps that you do not want to run the pipeline when a branch changes.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Nest can't resolve dependencies of the (?). Please make sure that the argument at index [0] is available in the RootTestModule context

I try to run NestJs test but got the following error
`Nest can't resolve dependencies of the (?). Please make sure that the argument at index [0] is available in the RootTestModule context.`
This project is using Mongoose for connecting to MongoDB
You can reproduce the error by running code in this repo
https://github.com/kruyvanna/nestjs-test-error
Thank you in advance
```

[Assistant]
You'll get that error because you have the following module:
`const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
 providers: [CatService],
}).compile();
`
and this provider:
`@Injectable()
export class CatService {
 constructor(@InjectModel(Cat.name) private catModel: Model) {}
}
`
and there is no way to tell what's the value of `catModel` as its provider token was not registered within the testing module.
To fix that you could register it like the docs show
`const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
 providers: [CatService, { provide: getModelToken(Cat.name), useValue: jest.fn() }],
}).compile();
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Failing test(s): TestAccVertexAIFeatureOnlineStore_*: Bigtable online store no longer supports embedding management

### Impacted tests

- TestAccVertexAIFeatureOnlineStore_vertexAiFeatureonlinestoreWithBetaFieldsBigtableExample
- TestAccVertexAIFeatureOnlineStoreFeatureview_vertexAiFeatureonlinestoreFeatureviewWithVectorSearchExample

### Affected Resource(s)

- google_vertex_ai_feature_online_store

### Failure rates

- 100% since 2024-08-13

### Message(s)

```
 vcr_utils.go:152: Step 1/2 error: Error running apply: exit status 1
 Error: Error creating FeatureOnlineStore: googleapi: Error 400: Bigtable online store no longer supports embedding management. Please use Optimized instead.
 with google_vertex_ai_feature_online_store.featureonlinestore
```

### Nightly build test history

https://hashicorp.teamcity.com/test/753681418710343357?currentProjectId=TerraformProviders_GoogleCloud_GOOGLE_BETA_NIGHTLYTESTS

b/378169094
```

[Assistant] resolved by https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/magic-modules/pull/13755


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Spanner Autoscaling

I have a Google Spanner Instance and databases in my project, While trying to update the code with autoscaling config I was unable to update the existing instance. error message: Error 400: cannot update an instance or instance partition that does not have an existing autoscaling config.
```

[Assistant]
It looks like this was fixed with https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/magic-modules/pull/9814

If the error persists please open a new issue sharing your terraform code without using locals, variables or modules. For sensitive data you could use examples like:

project = "my-project"
user = "my-user@my-domain.com"
org_id = 1234567890


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to storage an image in MongoDB with pymongo?

I'm doing a simple CRUD with FastAPI to store an image and its information in MongoDB, so far this is my code:
```
`@app.post("/postImage")
async def image_post(id: str, author: str, title: str, file: UploadFile = File(...)):

 file.filename = f"{uuid.uuid4()}.jpg"
 contents = await file.read()

 image = base64.b64decode(contents)

 data = {"_id": id, "author": author, "title": title ,"data": image, "posted": False,"uploaded": datetime.now()}

 try:
 collection.insert_one(data)
 except:
 print('Error')

 return("Added successfully")
`
```
However, when I'm trying to convert the bytes to string it returns me an error.
```
`image = base64.b64decode(contents)
print(image.decode('utf-8'))

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb0 in position 11: invalid start byte
`
```
I've tried many alternatives, but I don't know what's wrong.
```

[Assistant]
Mongo suggest this to store files bigger than 16mb (GridFS)
I suggest you do this:
First create directory in your project named "static" then do this
```
`import uuid
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
from fastapi import UploadFile, File, status
import aiofiles

app = FastAPI()

app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")

@app.post("/")
async def post_endpoint(in_file: UploadFile = File(...)):
 random_name = uuid.uuid4()
 async with aiofiles.open(f"static/{random_name}.jpg", "wb") as out_file:
 while content := await in_file.read(1024): # async read chunk
 await out_file.write(content)

 return {"Result": "OK"}
`
```
and then save your file name in db like string.
for get image you can use this :
http://127.0.0.1:8000/static/uuiduuiduuiduuiduuiduuiduuid.jpg


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Google Cloud Platform adding OAuth Client ID says Requested entity already exists

I created a OAuth 2 client Id in Google Cloud Platform(GCP) in our production application. However this was only for internal use, so I removed it and tried to add it again in our development GCP project.
However when trying to add it, it says
```
`Save failed
Requested entity already exists

Tracking number: xxx
`
```
What am I doing wrong? Do I need to do some extra steps to completely remove the OAuth 2 client id? I removed them around a month ago already, so it really should be gone by now.
```

[Assistant]
It seems after 1 month the problem has automatically resolved itself. I assume it just soft deletes when you press delete, and then hard deletes one month later. Pretty annoying system.
You can also remove the entire project to get rid of unwanted ghost clients, but obviously you then lose all configuration.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Insert if it doesn't exist, update based in ADDITIONAL condition [mongoDB]

I'm creating a sync system in which I have the following type of data:
```
`records = [
 {'_id': 0, 'name': 'John', 'sync_date': '2022-01-01 00:00:00'},
 {'_id': 1, 'name': 'Paul', 'sync_date': '2021-11-11 11:11:11'},
 {'_id': 2, 'name': 'Anna', 'sync_date': '2012-12-12 12:12:12'}
]
`
```
The idea is to (1) insert if there is no record with an `_id` 0 or 1 (the IDs of the records to insert/update) or update them ONLY IF the `sync_date` of the `records` is greater than the one in the collection. For example, if we have this in our collection:
```
`[
 {'_id': 0, 'name': 'John', 'sync_date': '2000-01-01 00:00:00'},
 {'_id': 1, 'name': 'Paul', 'sync_date': '2023-01-01 23:23:23'}
]
`
```
Then it should (1) update John's instance, since the collection's `sync_date` is lower (older in time) than the one in our records, and ignore Paul's record because the `sync_date` available in the collection's instance is greater (earlier in time) than the one in our records. Additionally, it should insert Anna's instance as it's simply not in the collection.
The problem I see is that with `replace_one` and `update_one` methods if you add `upsert=True` then it will insert it not only when it's not in the collection but also when the `sync_date` is greater than the records' one. See:
```
`for record in records:
 collection.replace_one({
 '_id': record['_id'],
 'sync_date': {'$lt': record['sync_date']}
 },
 {'upsert
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
If you want to do it in one query, one option is to use aggregation with `$merge`:
```
`db.collection.aggregate([
 {$match: {_id: {$in: recordIds}}},
 {$group: {_id: null, docs: {$push: "$$ROOT"}}},
 {$addFields: {records: records}},
 {$unwind: "$records"},
 {$project: {
 _id: 0,
 record: "$records",
 docs: {$filter: {
 input: "$docs",
 cond: {$and: [
 {$eq: ["$$this._id", "$records._id"]},
 {$gt: ["$$this.sync_date", "$records.sync_date"]}
 ]}
 }}
 }},
 {$replaceRoot: {newRoot: {$mergeObjects: ["$record", {$first: "$docs"}]}}},
 {$merge: {into: "collection"}}
])
`
```
See how it works on the playground example


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
- This is NOT a configuration issue - minimal standard configs fail
- Docker 29.0.0: ❌ FAILS
```

[Assistant]
Thanks for reporting.

This is a duplicate of https://github.com/devcontainers/cli/issues/1102 which was fixed by https://github.com/devcontainers/cli/pull/1103 (merged 2hrs ago).

The devcontainer team released a new version (0.80.2) addressing that issue: https://github.com/devcontainers/cli/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#0802.

Thus, let me close this ticket but feel free to continue the conversation.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
 proxy_intercept_errors on;
NOTE: If I use just `location /app` instead of `location = /app` the the health checks fails and after some testing this appears to be because of the route path set in the ALB. Im finding they need to to be identical on each, but I could be wrong.
```

[Assistant]
I just submitted this PR, I'm hoping it might help with your issue.
https://github.com/nginxinc/nginx-s3-gateway/pull/158
It allows you to specify a portion of the path the request to be removed. For example, let's say you have an ALB rule that sends traffic from www.mysite.com/mybucket to the S3 gateway, which is connected to the bucket s3://mybucket. If you request www.mysite.com/mybucket/myfile.txt, the request would normally fail as it would try to pull the file from s3://mybucket/mybucket/myfile.txt.
With this change, setting the new env var to
```
`STRIP_LEADING_DIRECTORY_PATH=/mybucket
`
```
will instead try to pull the file from s3://mybucket/myfile.txt.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Error view Index.cshtml not found for ASP.NET Core 6 MVC app when build on Azure build agent

I get an error "View Index.cshtml not found" for my ASP.NET Core 6 MVC app when building it on Azure build agent, but when building locally, it is working fine.
I tried same command which is executed on build agent still could not get the issue. Tried several code changes to fix this issue but still no clues. Searched on net even on stackoverflow but sadly no solution works.
Please someone help me out.
I am using following input in pipeline.yaml:
```
` solution: 'src/Indl.Web.Core.sln'
 msbuildArgs: '/property:OutDir="$(BUILD.BINARIESDIRECTORY)"\x64\ /p:RunWixToolsOutOfProc=true /p:PackageVersion=$(GitVersion.SemVer) /p:SASigning=true /p:SACertificate=prod.prot /p:PackageOutputPath="$(BUILD.BINARIESDIRECTORY)"\x64\'
 platform: 'x64'
 vsVersion: '16.0'
 configuration: 'Release'
 clean: true
 msbuildArchitecture: 'x64
`
```
The solution has one more mvc app which is working as expected.
I cross verified dll and found that the section 'AspNetCoreGeneratedDocument' is not available in dll which is usually has all view related information.
```

[Assistant]
Please use following command in pipeline.yaml
hope it should work.
```
`solution: 'src/Indl.Web.Core.sln'
 msbuildArgs: '/property:OutDir="$(BUILD.BINARIESDIRECTORY)"\x64\ /p:RunWixToolsOutOfProc=true /p:PackageVersion=$(GitVersion.SemVer) /p:SASigning=true /p:SACertificate=prod.prot /p:PackageOutputPath="$(BUILD.BINARIESDIRECTORY)"\x64\'
 platform: 'x64'
 vsVersion: '17.0'
 configuration: 'Release'
 clean: true
 msbuildArchitecture: 'x64
`
```
Actually you used vsVersion of vs 2019(16.0) but since you are compiling .Net 6.0 which is fully supported in vs 2022(17.0)


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
MongoDB delete embedded documents through array of Ids

I am working on a `Node.js` application that is using a `MongoDB` database with Mongoose. I've been stuck in this thing and didn't come up with the right query.
Problem:
There is a collection named `chats` which contain embedded documents `(rooms)` as an array of objects. I want to delete these embedded documents `(rooms)` through `Ids` which are in the array.
```
` {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2b55c175846ec1e38c5)",
 "type": "bot",
 "rooms": [
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2b55c145846ec1e38c5)",
 "genre": "action"
 },
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2b545c145846ec1e38c5)",
 "genre": "adventure"
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2b55c1765846ec1e38c5)",
 "type": "person",
 "rooms": [
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2565c145846ec1e38c5)",
 "genre": "food"
 },
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2b5645c145846ec1e38c5)",
 "genre": "sport"
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e2b55c1765846ec1e38c5)",
 "type": "duo",
 "rooms": [
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e21c145846ec1e38c5)",
 "genre": "travel"
 },
 {
 "_id": "ObjectId(6138e35645c145846ec1e38c5)",
 "genre": "news"
 }
 ]
 }
`
```
I am converting my array of `ids` into MongoDB `ObjectId` so I can use these ids as match criteria.
```
`const idsRoom = [
 '6138e21c145846ec1e38c5',
 '6138e2565c145846ec1e38c5',
 '6138e2b545c145846ec1e38c5',
];

const objectIdArray = idsRoom.map((s) => mongoose.Types.ObjectId(s));
`
```
and using this query for the chat collection. But it is deleting the whole document and I only w
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
You have to use $pull operator in a `update` query like this:
This query look for documents where exists the `_id` into `rooms` array and use `$pull` to remove the object from the array.
```
`yourModel.updateMany({
 "rooms._id": {
 "$in": [
 "6138e21c145846ec1e38c5",
 "6138e2565c145846ec1e38c5",
 "6138e2b545c145846ec1e38c5"
 ]
 }
},
{
 "$pull": {
 "rooms": {
 "_id": {
 "$in": [
 "6138e21c145846ec1e38c5",
 "6138e2565c145846ec1e38c5",
 "6138e2b545c145846ec1e38c5"
 ]
 }
 }
 }
})
`
```
Example here.
Also you can run your query without the `query` parameter (in update queries the first object is the `query`) like this and result is the same. But is better to indicate mongo the documents using this first object.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Stacks: configuration upload fails on use of speculative option
2025-10-02T10:06:58.337-0400 [DEBUG] stacks.stdio: received EOF, stopping recv loop: err="rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = error reading from server: EOF"
2025-10-02T10:06:58.340-0400 [INFO] stacks: plugin process exited: plugin=/Users/manuchn/.terraform.d/stacksplugin/bin/darwin_arm64/tfstacks id=87663
2025-10-02T10:06:58.340-0400 [DEBUG] stacks: plugin exited

```

### Expected Behavior

The configuration should be uploaded with no deployments triggered based on the documentation.

### Actual Behavior

The command fails on all the below permutations

```
```
❯ tf stacks configuration list -stack-id st-31HY1439bDRVawex -speculative=true
invalid arguments: flag provided but not defined: -speculative

❯ tf stacks configuration list -stack-id st-31HY1439bDRVawex -speculative true
invalid arguments: flag provided but not defined: -speculative

❯ tf stacks configuration list -stack-id st-31HY1439bDRVawex -speculative
invalid arguments: flag provided but not defined: -speculative
```

```

### Steps to Reproduce

1. Create a stack in HCP Terraform using `terraform stacks create ...`
2. Upload the configuration from a directory with the necessary files after initializing the stack. You can use https://github.com/quixoticmonk/hashiconf-stack as a sample stack.

### Additional Context

_No response_

### References

_No response_

### Generative AI / LLM assisted development?

_No response_
```

[Assistant]
I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this influxdb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Use _value in custom function in Flux - InfluxDB

Using Flux, how to add the `_value` in a custom functions ?
For example, say I want to divide the obtained `_value` by 4. This does not work:
```
`myFunction = (x= x / 4
from(bucket: "myBucket")
 |> range(start: -5m)
 |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == "foo" and r._field == "bar")
 |> myFunction(_value)
`
```
How to formulate ` |> myFunction(_value)` ?
I don't have any practical problem. It is just for learning purposes.
```

[Assistant]
Credit to nextfauzan for helping me to find the right function.
You can use the map function:
```
`from(bucket: "myBucket")
 |> range(start: -5m)
 |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == "foo" and r._field == "bar")
 |> map(fn: (r) => ({r with _value: r._value / 4}))
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this postgresql incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Translation of Postgres Query to be Snowflake compatible

I'm trying to convert this pl/pgSQL function to work on Snowflake. Unfortunately, I just started using Snowflake and cannot manage to convert it properly. Snowflake plans to support pgSQL queries by the end of the year, unfortunately, it's not the case yet..
Here is a quick introduction for you to understand what my tables store and what the function does.
I have three tables. You can find DDL statements for all tables and sample data at the bottom of this question.

Events - this is the source table.
Durations - this is the target table.
Properties - this is a table used for reference that is updated whenever the function is called.

Once a day, I import data to the events table. The events we are interested in are events with device_types 1 and 2 (entry/exit). Then I run my function and it calculates the correct durations between events with the same card_nr. After that, I import those durations into my duration table and update the properties table.
Here's an example of the events:

And here's an example of the durations once the function was called:

The most important things I need to cover are:

I should filter on the manufacturer to always be 'XX' since there are manufacturers like YY or ZZ
I should only calculate the durations where events.event_time >= durationLimitDate from properties
I need to make sure that the event_id_arrival and event_id_departure are not in the target table (duration) already to avoid d
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
You need to use sequence to generate auto numbers:
https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-sequences.html
So create a sequence first to use it:
```
`create or replace sequence seq1;
`
```
Then use the below function:
```
`create or replace procedure calculateduration()
RETURNS string
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
AS $$
var query1 =
`
 INSERT INTO durations (id, odb_created_at, event_id_arrival, event_id_departure,
 event_time_arrival, event_time_departure,
 card_nr, ticket_type, duration, manufacturer, carpark_id)

 WITH cte AS (
 SELECT e.id, e.card_nr, e.event_time, e.ticket_type, e.manufacturer, e.carpark_id, e.device_type,
 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY e.card_nr, e.carpark_id, e.event_time, e.device_type) AS rn
 FROM events e
 LEFT JOIN durations d ON d.event_id_arrival = e.id OR d.event_id_departure = e.id
 WHERE e.event_time >= (SELECT PROP_VALUE::timestamp FROM properties WHERE prop_key = 'DURATION.LIMIT.DATE')
 AND e.device_type IN (1, 2)
 AND event_type = 2
 AND e.manufacturer LIKE 'XX%'
 AND d.id IS NULL
 )
 SELECT
 seq1.nextval,
 current_timestamp(),
 arrived_entry.id,
 departed_entry.id,
 arrived_entry.event_time,
 departed_entry.event_time,
 arrived_entry.card_nr,
 arrived_entry.ticket_type,
 timestampdiff(second, arrived_entry.event_time, departed_entry.event_time),
 arrived_entry.manufacturer,
 arrived_entry.carpark_id
 FROM (SELECT * FROM cte WHERE cte.device_type = 1) AS arrived_entry
 INNER JOIN (SELECT * FROM cte WHERE cte.device_type = 2) AS departed_entry
 ON arrived_entry.card_nr = departed_entry.card_nr
 AND arrived_entry.carpark_id = departed_entry.carpark_id
 AND arrived_entry.rn + 1 = departed_entry.rn
`;

snowflake.execute({ sqlText: query1 });

var query2 = "SELECT PROP_VALUE FROM properties WHERE prop_key = 'DURATION.LIMIT.DAYS'";
var stmt = snowflake.createStatement({ sqlText: query2 });
var resultSet = stmt.execute();
resultSet.next();
var prop_value = resultSet.getColumnValue(1);

var query3 =
`
 UPDATE properties
 SET PROP_VALUE = (
 SELECT dateadd(day, -1 * ${prop_value}, MAX(event_time)) FROM events
 WHERE event_time >= (
 SELECT PROP_VALUE::timestamp FROM properties WHERE prop_key = 'DURATION.LIMIT.DATE'
 )
 )
 WHERE PROP_KEY ='DURATION.LIMIT.DATE';
`

stmt = snowflake.createStatement({ sqlText: query3 });
stmt.execute();

return 'true';
$$;
`
```
Then call the procedure:
```
`call calculateduration();
`
```
The code is simple without much validation and checking, but it should do the job you need.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this influxdb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
RPM package upgrade from 1.11.8 -> 1.12.2 fails and removes systemd unit file
7. Run `systemctl status influxdb` and see an error that there is no unit file

__Expected behaviour:__
InfluxDB upgrades from 1.11.8 to 1.12.2 successfully.

__Actual behaviour:__
During the upgrade process we see the following:

```
# yum install influxdb-1.11.8
...
# yum upgrade
...
(9/10): influxdb-1.12.2-1.x86_64.rpm
...
 Running scriptlet: influxdb-1.12.2-1.x86_64 9/20
 Upgrading : influxdb-1.12.2-1.x86_64 9/20
 Running scriptlet: influxdb-1.12.2-1.x86_64 9/20
Synchronizing state of influxdb.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable influxdb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/influxd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/influxdb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/influxdb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/influxdb.service.
...

# systemctl enable influxdb.service
Failed to enable unit: Unit file influxdb.service does not exist.
```

If you take a look at the 1.11.8 vs 1.12.2 post install files you'll notice that we use sysV previously where we are now using systemd. This is currently where I hypothesize the issue stems from.
```

[Assistant]
Same problem here.

Force a reinstall on my side solve the issue:

```
sudo dnf reinstall influxdb-1.12.2
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
#### Failing request
Observe a 409 error: `failed commit on ref "manifest-sha256:fcd195ebabd830937ca77cbe21c9ddbe3499c4517d211ca5c3fcd6d9931a8a10": unexpected status from PUT request to https://lhr.ocir.io/v2/<redacted>/ocir-test/manifests/buildx-test: 409 Conflict`

#### Successful request
1. `DOCKER_BUILDKIT=0 docker build -t lhr.ocir.io/<redacted>/ocir-test:legacy-test .`
Observe the build successfully complete
2. `docker push lhr.ocir.io/<redacted>/ocir-test:legacy-test`
Observe the push successfully complete

### Expected behavior

`docker push` of a BuildKit-built image should not produce duplicate requests during the push of the image to the container registry.

### docker version

```bash
Client:
 Version: 27.5.1
 API version: 1.47
 Go version: go1.22.11
 Git commit: 9f9e405
 Built: Wed Jan 22 13:37:19 2025
 OS/Arch: darwin/arm64
 Context: desktop-linux

Server: Docker Desktop 4.38.0 (181591)
 Engine:
 Version: 27.5.1
 API version: 1.47 (minimum version 1.24)
 Go version: go1.22.11
 Git commit: 4c9b3b0
 Built: Wed Jan 22 13:41:25 2025
 OS/Arch: linux/arm64
 Experimental: false
 containerd:
 Version: 1.7.25
 GitCommit: bcc810d6b9066471b0b6fa75f557a15a1cbf31bb
 runc:
 Version: 1.1.12
 GitCommit: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e946
 docker-init:
 Version: 0.19.0
 GitCommit: de40ad0
```

### docker info

```bash
Client:
 Version: 27.5.1
 Context: desktop-linux
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
 ai: Ask Gordon - Docker Agent (Docker Inc.)
 Version: v0.7.3
 Path: /Users/pwilliams/.docker/cli-pl
```

[Assistant]
Admittedly I myself am unsure where the issue lies - but the issue does seem to be at the point of push, rather than the build itself.

---

Not sure yet!

If you disable BuildKit, Docker uses the legacy builder, which produces a single-arch image (for the platform you're building for). With BuildKit and the containerd image store enabled, BuildKit produces a multi-platform image ("OCI Image Index") as well as attestations, SBOMS related to the image.

My first thinking there is that it's not unlikely that pushing such an image would try a `PUT` to make sure the manifest exists before pushing the content related to it (or a similar flow).
At a quick glance, the OCI distribution spec (the specification for OCI registries) does not mention a `409` status for the `PUT /v2/<name>/manifests/<reference>` endpoint (`end-7`); https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/v1.1.1/spec.md#endpoints, and I don't see (at a quick glance) in the "pushing manifests" section, other than 413 being allowed for manifests larger than what the registry wants to accept https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/v1.1.1/spec.md#pushing-manifests

Possibly the registry in this case is configured for immutable tags, therefore not accepting.

It might be worth trying if building without attestations works around the problem (which would narrow down things);
https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/#creating-attestations

---

> Using `--provenance=false` with BuildKit does allow the image to be pushed successfully.

We were seeing the same issue with GCP artifact registry, when immutable tags are enabled. Would get a

```
failed commit on ref "manifest-sha256:36e180851ba85edf644c932f053698898062af89bca6fc74fe67e282171e9e8e": unexpected status from PUT request to https://europe-west1-docker.pkg.dev/v2/<snip>: 400 Bad Request
```

but adding `--provenance=false` to `docker buildx build` fixed it 🎉


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this influxdb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
[2.x OSS]: tags not disappearing after deleting by predicate

<!--

Thank you for reporting a bug in InfluxDB.

* Please ask usage questions on the Influx Community site.
 * https://community.influxdata.com/
* Please add a :+1: or comment on a similar existing bug report instead of opening a new one.
 * https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Akind%2Fbug+
* Please check whether the bug can be reproduced with the latest release.
* The fastest way to fix a bug is to open a Pull Request.
 * https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb/pulls

-->

__Steps to reproduce:__
List the minimal actions needed to reproduce the behavior.

1. Have data with tags in a measurement.
2. Delete Data with a specific tag value:

```
influx delete --bucket "telegraf/autogen" --predicate '_measurement="devax_forecast" AND fcdate="fc_21012021"' -o NETZConsult --start '1970-01-01T00:00:00Z' --stop '2025-12-31T23:59:00Z')
```

3. Check of Tag value is removed from the DB:

```
show tag values from devax_forecast WITH key="fcdate"
```

and it's still showing up:

```
key |value
fcdate |fc_01022021
fcdate |fc_02022021
fcdate |fc_03022021
fcdate |fc_04022021
fcdate |fc_21012021
fcdate |fc_22012021
fcdate |fc_23012021
fcdate |fc_24012021
fcdate |fc_25012021
fcdate |fc_26012021
fcdate |fc_27012021
fcdate |fc_27012021_erst
fcdate |fc_28012021
fcdate |fc_29012021
fcdate |fc_30012021
```

__Expected behavior:__
The tag should disapp
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
@nickwbaker the way the influxdb storage engine works, deleting by a specific field is not possible.

As for a workaround, you will need to write only the data you need to a new bucket and drop the old one.

```
from(bucket: "old_bucket")
 |> range(start: -100y)
 |> filter(fn: (r) => _field != "foo")
 |> to(bucket: "new_bucket")
```
you can also do it from the command line by exporting the data from the old bucket as LP using the https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v2.0/reference/cli/influxd/inspect/export-lp/ command and then ingesting that into a new bucket.

I know it's not the answer you wanted, but hopefully this can unblock you in the short term.

---

Anyone manage to fix this ?
@lephisto

I have the issue on 2.3.0


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Using kubectl to wait until a pvc is bound

I wanna use `kubectl wait` command to wait until a pvc is bound.
I tried `kubectl wait --for=condition=bound pvc/my-pvc-claim --timeout=2s` with a pvc which is already bound, but it doesn't seem to work. This is the output `error: timed out waiting for the condition on persistentvolumeclaims/my-pvc-claim`.
I read `kubectl wait` documentation, but still can't understand which condition I should use. How can I accomplish that? Is there a more complete documentation explaining how to do that?
```

[Assistant]
You can use the following command:
```
`while [[ $(kubectl get pvc myclaim -o 'jsonpath={..status.phase}') != "Bound" ]]; do echo "waiting for PVC status" && sleep 1; done
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
Attempted connection via local network and external WSS port testing tool, both failures,
This is the error I get every single time I attempt to connect from any medium:
Console log error "WebSocket connection to wss://dev.db.censored.com/' failed
Are there any suggestions? Am I perhaps missing something, or maybe I did this incorrectly?
(Note that the [...] in the examples provided is the censored domain name, not literal characters.)
```

[Assistant]
I solved my own problem! The issue was that I was not proxying the `/rpc` endpoint properly in my `nginx.conf`. The fix was to add this to my default server entry in the configuration:
```
`location /rpc {
 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;

 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
 proxy_set_header Host $host;
 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

 # WebSocket support
 proxy_http_version 1.1;
 proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
 proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
`
```
This allows the JavaScript library to access the correct SurrealDB endpoint and fixed my problem right away. In hindsight, I feel like it should have been obvious, but oh well! If anyone else has a similar problem getting SurrealDB to work with your nginx configuration, I hope this helps!


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Can i route host directly to a path in the backend?

I am using nginx-ingress.
Is it possible to route host to a path of the backend?
For example,
foo.example.com/ -> my-service:80/myapp/gui/
bar.example.com/ -> my-service:80/different/path/here
I tried this
```
`spec:
 rules:
 - host: foo.example.com
 http:
 paths:
 - path: /
 pathType: Prefix
 backend:
 service:
 name: my-service
 port:
 name: http
 path: /myapp/gui/
`
```
Thought, it's throwing an error with unknown field.
`$ k apply -f ingress.yaml error: error validating "ingress.yaml": error validating data: ValidationError(Ingress.spec.rules[0].http.paths[0].backend.service): unknown field "path" in io.k8s.api.networking.v1.IngressServiceBackend; if you choose to ignore these errors, turn validation off with --validate=false`
```

[Assistant]
It's can be done with two ingress config class and use of`nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target` annotation to route change the path :
` apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
 kind: Ingress
 metadata:
 annotations:
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /myapp/gui/$2
 spec:
 rules:
 - host: foo.example.com
 http:
 paths:
 - path: (/|$)(.*)
 backend:
 serviceName: my-service
 servicePort: 80

`
` apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
 kind: Ingress
 metadata:
 annotations:
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /different/path/here/$2
 spec:
 rules:
 - host: bar.example.com
 http:
 paths:
 - path: (/|$)(.*)
 backend:
 serviceName: my-service
 servicePort: 80

`
The path will be `"/myapp/gui/$2"` where `$2` will be replaced by your subpath.
```
`foo.example.com/ -> my-service:80/myapp/gui/
foo.example.com/test -> my-service:80/myapp/gui/test
bar.example.com/ -> my-service:80/different/path/here
bar.example.com/test -> my-service:80/different/path/here/test
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
When building an image that needs to be compiled from typescript, I get this error.
```

[Assistant]
EDIT 2:
This issue has been resolved. If your package-lock.json file is corrupted, you may be able to fix it with the utility fix-has-install-script.
Original Answer:
Use `npm ci` (or add `package-lock.json` to your `.dockerignore` file, or delete `package-lock.json` in your local environment before building). The why is answered here.
EDIT 1:
Here's what I believe is going on. Disclaimer, I'm not an expert on `nodejs` or `npm` -- in fact I'm something of a novice. And all of this is conjecture based on some experiments.
What's going wrong?
`npm` is not linking the binaries for the dev dependencies via sym links in `node_modules/.bin` because the `package-lock.json` file has gotten into a corrupted state where the (prod) dependencies are in lockfileVersion 2 format, and the dev dependencies are still in lockfileVersion 1 format.
Why is this happening?
Note: Making a bunch of assumptions here.

Your local host using using npm 6, and the docker container is using npm 7.
Because of this, the existing `package-lock.json` is in `lockfileVersion: 1` which doesn't include a `bin` section for dependencies that have binaries. Version 2 does save the `bin:` section, which `npm` must use to determine what binaries to install/link.

When you run the production dependency install (e.g. `NODE_ENV=production npm install`), using `npm` version 7, `npm` is upgrading the version of your `package-lock.json` to `lockfileVersion: 2`, part of this includes saving `bin:` sections for the dependencies that install binaries. Importantly, it updates only the production dependencies. Now the `package-lock.json` file is corrupted because it claims to be in version 2 format, but all the dev dependencies are either still in version 1 or at least don't have the `bin:` section correctly applied.

When you now try to install your dev dependencies, `npm` sees that the `package-lock.json` is in `lockfileVersion: 2`, so it assumes that the dev dependencies have been upgraded as well (but they haven't been, or at least not correctly). It doesn't find the `bin:` sections because they don't exist and so it doesn't link the binaries to the `node_modules/.bin/` directory.

You can perform a minimum reproduction of it using this `Dockerfile`:
```
`FROM node:14 as npm6
WORKDIR /app
# Create a node project using npm 6 and install a dev dependency
# that contains a binary.
RUN npm init --yes && \
 npm install --save-dev typescript

FROM node:15 as npm7
COPY --from=npm6 /app/package*.json /app/
WORKDIR /app
# Install production dependencies, then all dependencies. This should
# link the binaries for typescript in (e.g. tsc) under node_modules/.bin.
RUN npm install -g npm@7.10.0 && \
 npm install --production && \
 npm install

# Causes error, tsc not found.
CMD ["npx", "-c", "tsc --version"]
`
```
I couldn't find an existing bug ticket so I created one here. Perhaps it will get fixed.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Error: can not parse "key_vault_key_id" as a Key Vault Child resource id: expected a key vault versioned ID but no version information was found in: "https://cmk-kv.vault.azure.net/keys/cmk-test"

 with azurerm_databricks_workspace_root_dbfs_customer_managed_key.cmk,
 on databricks.tf line 49, in resource "azurerm_databricks_workspace_root_dbfs_customer_managed_key" "cmk":
 49: key_vault_key_id = azurerm_key_vault_key.cmk_test_environment.versionless_id
```

### Expected Behaviour

Azure Databricks resource allows using versionless key to auto rotate keys when new key version is available. However, Terraform doesn't allows to do so.

### Actual Behaviour

Terraform plans fail with error.

### Steps to Reproduce

1.) Use `versionless_id` attribute of Key vault key in resource `azurerm_databricks_workspace_root_dbfs_customer_managed_key`.
2.) Run `Terraform plan`

### Important Factoids

_No response_

### References

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/customer-managed-keys-overview#automatically-update-the-key-version
```

[Assistant]
I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Minikube unusable for multiple users on Ubuntu with docker driver

### What Happened?

The main problem I'm facing right now is that Minikube refuses to use docker without root.
If I use a regular `minikube start` run with `--driver docker` it gets the error in the logs below. For some reason it constantly tries to force itself to use docker with root privileges:
`📌 Using Docker driver with root privileges`

Either way, once minikube has been created, anyone aside from the main user who created the profile can't seem to access it. Even if the user has access to the same docker group, and updates their MINIKUBE_HOME environment variable, they still get the "no server found for cluster" error.

Is there a way to make the server fully shareable between all users?

### Attach the log file

`error: no server found for cluster "minikube"`

### Operating System

Ubuntu

### Driver

Docker
```

[Assistant]
Update: After adding some more permissions to the folders and files, I got it to work. The problem now is that the Juju files created after running kubectl commands cause locking to other users on the machine. Even when using umask 0002 and changing the permissions on the tmp/ folder, the juju lock files do not follow the umask rules. They simply get created with very restricted permissions.
Is there a fix to make sure the juju-files actually follow the umask rules?

---

The Kubernetes project currently lacks enough contributors to adequately respond to all issues.

This bot triages un-triaged issues according to the following rules:
- After 90d of inactivity, `lifecycle/stale` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/stale` was applied, `lifecycle/rotten` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/rotten` was applied, the issue is closed

You can:
- Mark this issue as fresh with `/remove-lifecycle stale`
- Close this issue with `/close`
- Offer to help out with [Issue Triage][1]

Please send feedback to sig-contributor-experience at [kubernetes/community](https://github.com/kubernetes/community).

/lifecycle stale

[1]: https://www.kubernetes.dev/docs/guide/issue-triage/

---

The Kubernetes project currently lacks enough active contributors to adequately respond to all issues.

This bot triages un-triaged issues according to the following rules:
- After 90d of inactivity, `lifecycle/stale` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/stale` was applied, `lifecycle/rotten` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/rotten` was applied, the issue is closed

You can:
- Mark this issue as fresh with `/remove-lifecycle rotten`
- Close this issue with `/close`
- Offer to help out with [Issue Triage][1]

Please send feedback to sig-contributor-experience at [kubernetes/community](https://github.com/kubernetes/community).

/lifecycle rotten

[1]: https://www.kubernetes.dev/docs/guide/issue-triage/


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
logs not appearing in Application Insights for Azure Functions v4 with .NET 8

I have functions being called, and I do logging as such:
```
`_logger.LogInformation(...);
`
```
These do show in the live Log Stream on the portal.
However, when querying the logs in Application Insights (traces), they do not show. whereas all sorts of other info is available, such as
```
`Executed 'Functions.' (Succeeded, Id=a23d6397-3a9f-4663-8f26-1b2693a362d5, Duration=14523ms)
`
```
In my hosts.json file I have:
```
` "version": "2.0",
 "logging": {
 "logLevel": {
 "Default": "Information",
 ...
`
```
I also used the telemetryClient, and those items do appear (customEvents) in the logs. However, as I said, the items from ILogger do not appear.

tech
In App Insights
In Live Log Stream

ILogger<>
NO
YES

TelemetryClient
YES
NO

This is happening with .NET 8 -- I did not have this issue using earlier .NET core versions; items logged via ILogger<> were showing up as expected in the traces table of Application Insights.
Any thoughts?
Additional info...
ILogger info
This says that the config must look something like this:
```
`{
 "Logging": {
 "LogLevel": {
 "Default": "Information"
 },
 "ApplicationInsights": {
 "LogLevel": {
 "Default": "Information"
 }
 }
 }
}
`
```
Yet, the schema here contradicts that!
And even when I change my config to this, I cannot get anything lower than warnings to appear in Application Insights.
```

[Assistant]
The answer is here.
A filter, which is, unfortunately and bizarrely, automatically added, must be explicitly removed. Here's an example:
```
`var host = new HostBuilder()
 .ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults()
 .ConfigureServices(s =>
 {
 s.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetryWorkerService();
 s.ConfigureFunctionsApplicationInsights();
 s.AddSingleton();
 s.Configure(options =>
 {
 // The Application Insights SDK adds a default logging filter that instructs ILogger to capture only Warning and more severe logs. Application Insights requires an explicit override.
 // Log levels can also be configured using appsettings.json. For more information, see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/app/worker-service#ilogger-logs
 LoggerFilterRule toRemove = options.Rules.FirstOrDefault(rule => rule.ProviderName
 == "Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ApplicationInsights.ApplicationInsightsLoggerProvider");

 if (toRemove is not null)
 {
 options.Rules.Remove(toRemove);
 }
 });
 })
 .Build();
`
```
Thanks to this comment and this answer.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
But I get error:
```
`This site can’t be reached 127.0.0.1 refused to connect.
`
```
How can I access minikube dashboard from my host OS web browser?
```

[Assistant]
Reproduction
I reproduced this behaviour on Windows 10 and ubuntu 18.04 LTS virtual machine running using `VirtualBox`.
I have tried both `minikube drivers`: docker and none (last one means that all kubernetes components will be run on localhost) and behaviour is the same.
What happens
Minikube is designed to be used on localhost machine. When `minikube dashboard` command is run, minikube downloads images (metrics scraper and dashboard itsefl), launches them, test if they are healthy and then create proxy which is run on `localhost`. It can't accept connections outside of the virtual machine (in this case it's Windows host to ubuntu VM).
This can be checked by running `netstat` command (cut off some not useful output):
```
`$ minikube dashboard
🔌 Enabling dashboard ...
🚀 Launching proxy ...
🤔 Verifying proxy health ...
👉 http://127.0.0.1:36317/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

$ sudo netstat -tlpn
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:36317 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 461195/kubectl
`
```
How to resolve it
Once `minikube dashboard` command has been run, kubernetes dashboard will remain running in `kubernetes-dashboard` namespace.
Proxy to it should be open manually with following command:
```
`kubectl proxy --address='0.0.0.0' &
`
```
Or if you don't have `kubectl` installed on your machine:
```
`minikube kubectl proxy -- --address='0.0.0.0' &
`
```
It will start a proxy to kubernetes api server on port `8001` and will serve on all addresses (it can be changed to default Virtual box NAT address `10.2.0.15`).
Next step is to add `port-forwarding` in VirtualBox.
Go to your virtual machine -> settings -> network -> NAT -> advanced -> port-forwarding
Add a new rule:

host IP = 127.0.0.1
host port = any free one, e.g. I used 8000
guest IP = can be left empty
guest port = 8001 (where proxy is listening to)

Now you can go to your browser on Windows host, paste the URL, correct the port which was assigned in `host port` and it will work:
```
`http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
`
```
Useful links:

kubectl proxy command
Kubernetes dashboard


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Stripe Checkout example running into CORS error from localhost

I am trying to integrate Stripe Checkout using the instructions given here https://stripe.com/docs/payments/accept-a-payment?integration=checkout for node.
I have followed their instructions to a tee and have updated the API key in the example with an actual (test) one from my account.
I am using React in the frontend and express in the backend. I have enabled cors.
The request from React to the backend succeeds and a preflight request is kicked off to stripe. The preflight response from stripe is a 403 and the actual request is blocked with a CORS error - `PreflightMissingAllowOriginHeader`
Backend Code (minimal)
```
`const express = require("express");
const app = express();
const cors = require("cors");

const stripe = require("stripe")(
 process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY
);

app.use(
 cors({
 origin: ["http://localhost:8000", "https://checkout.stripe.com"],
 })
);

app.post("/create-checkout-session", async (req, res) => {
 console.log('getting here 1')
 const session = await stripe.checkout.sessions.create({
 payment_method_types: ["card"],
 line_items: [
 {
 price_data: {
 currency: "usd",
 product_data: {
 name: "T-shirt",
 },
 unit_amount: 2000,
 },
 quantity: 1,
 },
 ],
 mode: "payment",
 success_url: "http://localhost:4242/success.html",
 cancel_url: "http://localhost:4242/cancel.html",
 });

 console.log('getting here 2')
 res.redirect(303, session.url);
});

app.listen(4242, () => console.log(`Listening
```

[Assistant]
Here are some of the things I learned while trying to debug this.

Stripe checkout uses AWS Cloudfront and it does not allow options requests (as per Stripe's config)
OPTIONS request are not sent to Stripe when I change the request type in the frontend to `text/plain`. (Yes, that's right, after my server returns the 303 with Stripe's url, Chrome does not send an OPTIONS request to Stripe)
Best to avoid redirects when using React

Here is the updated backend and frontend code, respectively, that solved the problem
```
`app.post("/create-checkout-session", async (req, res) => {
 const session = await stripe.checkout.sessions.create({
 payment_method_types: ["card"],
 line_items: [
 {
 price_data: {
 currency: "usd",
 product_data: {
 name: "T-shirt",
 },
 unit_amount: 2000,
 },
 quantity: 1,
 },
 ],
 mode: "payment",
 success_url: "http://localhost:8000/success",
 cancel_url: "http://localhost:8000/cancel",
 });

 res.json({url: session.url}) // {
 const res = await fetch(`${process.env.BACKEND_API_URL}/create-checkout-session`, {
 method: 'POST',
 headers: {
 "Content-Type": 'application/json'
 }
 })
 const body = await res.json()
 window.location.href = body.url
 }

`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
If the ingress-nginx controller is configured with a default custom-errors configuration that includes HTTP errors 401 or 403, and if the configured default custom-errors backend is defective and fails to respect the X-Code HTTP header, then an Ingress with the `auth-url` annotation may be accessed even when authentication fails.
Note that the built-in custom-errors backend works correctly. To trigger this issue requires an administrator to specifically configure ingress-nginx with a broken external component.
* This issue only affects ingress-nginx controllers that have been configured with default custom-errors settings via editing the controller command-line arguments and configuration map. If you are using per-Ingress custom-errors set via Ingress annotations, then you are not at risk.
Prior to upgrading, this vulnerability can be mitigated by checking to confirm your custom errors backend correctly respects the `X-Code` HTTP header.
If you are able to load a URL protected by the `auth-url` annotation despite failing authentication, then you are affected by this vulnerability.
 "details": "A security issue was discovered in [ingress-nginx](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx) where the protection afforded by the `auth-url` Ingress annotation may not be effective in the presence of a specific misconfiguration.\n\nIf the ingress-nginx controller is configured with a default custom-errors configuration that includes HTTP errors 401 or 403, and if the configured defau
```

[Assistant] The chart has now been published to GitHub Pages; all release artifacts are now in place for the fixed ingress-nginx versions 1.13.7 and 1.14.3.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
BigQuery TypeError: to_pandas() got an unexpected keyword argument 'timestamp_as_object'

Environment details

OS type and version: 1.5.29-debian10
Python version: 3.7
`google-cloud-bigquery` version: 2.8.0

I'm provisioning a dataproc cluster which gets the data from BigQuery into a pandas dataframe.
As my data is growing I was looking to boost the performance and heard about using the BigQuery storage client.
I had the same problem in the past and this was solved by setting the google-cloud-bigquery to version 1.26.1.
If I use that version I get the following message.
```
`/opt/conda/default/lib/python3.7/site-packages/google/cloud/bigquery/client.py:407: UserWarning: Cannot create BigQuery Storage client, the dependency google-cloud-bigquery-storage is not installed.
 "Cannot create BigQuery Storage client, the dependency "
`
```
The code snippet executes but at a way slower rate. If I do not specify the pip version, I encounter this error.
Steps to reproduce

Cluster creation on dataproc

```
`gcloud dataproc clusters create testing-cluster --region=europe-west1 --zone=europe-west1-b --master-machine-type n1-standard-16 --single-node --image-version 1.5-debian10 --initialization-actions gs://dataproc-initialization-actions/python/pip-install.sh --metadata 'PIP_PACKAGES=elasticsearch google-cloud-bigquery google-cloud-bigquery-storage pandas pandas_gbq'
`
```

Execute the Following script on the cluster

```
`bqclient = bigquery.Client(project=project)
job_config
```

[Assistant]
Dataproc installs by default pyarrow 0.15.0 while the bigquery-storage-api needs a more recent version. Manually setting pyarrow to 3.0.0 at install solved the issue.
That being said, PySpark has a compability setting for Pyarrow >= 0.15.0
https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-pyspark-pandas-with-arrow.html#apache-arrow-in-spark
I've taken a look at the release notes of dataproc and this env variable is set as default since May 2020.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
And the deployment went fine, i can access my website, but in the console i see the following errors:
`blazor.server.js:1 WebSocket connection to 'wss://website.com/_blazor?id=bMDvWwyNa5R5y9KsTVUS6A' failed:
(anonymous) @ blazor.server.js:1
blazor.server.js:1 [2021-05-01T07:33:36.170Z] Error: Failed to start the transport 'WebSockets': Error: There was an error with the transport.
e.log @ blazor.server.js:1
/_blazor?id=l_DDVIXzIu1Ro3zd9stUsA&_=1619854490093:1 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 504 ()
blazor.server.js:1 [2021-05-01T07:35:50.195Z] Error: Connection disconnected with error 'Error'.

`
```
and I have no idea how to deal with them.
As i understand, the websocket/signalR is not being open, which means that once the website is loaded the connection is "cut" the problem here is that blazor does that call every minute, so i get a message saying `attempting to reconnect to the server` and it does it. but the website is unusable for 5-secods ish.
In order to fix this i tried multiple solutions I saw online:
in the project: set up `services.AddSignalR()` and `app.UseWebSockets()` and it didnt work.
I thought as well that it could be nginx (and probably is) then i found this:
https://www.nginx.com/blog/websocket-nginx/
and
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/blazor/host-and-deploy/server?view=aspnetcore-5.0#linux-with-nginx
but it seems not to be working:
```
`map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
 default upgrade;
 '' close;
 }

s
```

[Assistant]
Found the issue, in the line of `proxy_set_header Connection $http_upgrade;`
Change it for:
`proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";`
Not sure why it works when hardcoding the value, but it does.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Firebase functions build error when referencing multiple c# projects

I was able to deploy my firebase c# function with no issues, however, when i referenced another c# project so that i could utilize another object i get error saying project doesn't exist.
So was able to deploy following with no problem:
```
`namespace CloudFunctions
{
 public class Login : IHttpFunction
 {
 public async Task HandleAsync(HttpContext context) {
 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
 }
 }
}
`
```
This class lives in a project called CloudFunctions. I added a project reference to a project called Services so that i could call the login service and i get the following error:
```
`The referenced project '../Services/Services.csproj' does not exist
`
```
This is how i am deploying:
```
`gcloud functions deploy login --entry-point CloudFunctions.Login --runtime dotnet3 --trigger-http --allow-unauthenticated
`
```
I can't imagine we would be required to have everything in one project in order to deploy?
```

[Assistant]
You need to make all of the projects available to the buildpack (i.e. deploy from the parent directory) but specify the project that contains the entry point as well, using the `GOOGLE_BUILDABLE` build-time environment variable.
From the deployment documentation in the Functions Framework GitHub repo:

Real world functions are often part of a larger application which will usually contain common code for data types and common business logic. If your function depends on another project via a local project reference (a `` element in your .csproj file), the source code for that project must also be included when deploying to Google Cloud Functions. Additionally, you need to specify which project contains the function you wish to deploy.
In a typical directory structure where all projects sit side-by-side within one top-level directory, this will mean you need to deploy from that top-level directory instead of from the function's project directory. You also need to use the `--set-build-env-vars` command line flag to specify the `GOOGLE_BUILDABLE` build-time environment variable. This tells the Google Cloud Functions deployment process which project to build and deploy. Note that the `GOOGLE_BUILDABLE` environment variable value is case-sensitive, and should match the directory and file names used.
When deploying a function with multiple projects, it's important to make sure you have a suitable `.gcloudignore` file, so that you only upload the code that you want to. In particular, you should almost always include `bin/` and `obj/` in the `.gcloudignore` file so that you don't upload your locally-built binaries.

Sample deployment command line from the `examples` directory:
`gcloud functions deploy multi-project \
 --runtime dotnet3 \
 --trigger-http \
 --entry-point=Google.Cloud.Functions.Examples.MultiProjectFunction.Function \
 --set-build-env-vars=GOOGLE_BUILDABLE=Google.Cloud.Functions.Examples.MultiProjectFunction
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.894Z] Request [e98db5b7-e2aa-486e-be42-6180b172abbb] exception Azure.RequestFailedException: Operation timed out (169.254.169.254:80)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.895Z] ---> System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException: Operation timed out (169.254.169.254:80)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.895Z] ---> System.Net.Sockets.SocketException (60): Operation timed out
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.895Z] at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.AwaitableSocketAsyncEventArgs.ThrowException(SocketError error, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.895Z] at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.AwaitableSocketAsyncEventArgs.System.Threading.Tasks.Sources.IValueTaskSource.GetResult(Int16 token)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.895Z] at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.<ConnectAsync>g__WaitForConnectWithCancellation|277_0(AwaitableSocketAsyncEventArgs saea, ValueTask connectTask, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.895Z] at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.ConnectToTcpHostAsync(String host, Int32 port, HttpRequestMessage initialRequest, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.896Z] --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.896Z] at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.ConnectToTcpHostAsync(String host, Int32 port, HttpRequestMessage initialRequest, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
[2024-09-03T10:17:58.896Z] at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.ConnectAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationTo
```

[Assistant] Hello @MiguelElGallo could you please let me know if the issue still exists


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Pymongo and Beanie Incompatibility issues

I'm trying to migrate from motor to pymongo's AsyncMongoClient.
After doing some upgrading/installing on pymongo I am having the below error when running this import `from beanie import Document`
```
`ImportError: cannot import name '_QUERY_OPTIONS' from 'pymongo.cursor'
`
```
Using python 3.11.9
My dependencies are below:
```
`dependencies = [
 "fastapi==0.95.0",
 "uvicorn==0.22.0",
 "gunicorn==20.1.0",
 "elastic-apm==6.15.1",
 "pymongo==4.13.2",
 "pydantic==1.10.18",
 "beanie==1.29.0",
 "dnspython==2.2.1",
 "python-dotenv==1.0.0",
 "psutil==5.9.4",
 "loguru==0.6.0",
 "fastapi-etag==0.4.0",
 "mongoengine==0.29.1",
 "elasticsearch7==7.17.12",
 "elasticsearch-dsl==7.4.1",
 "promise==2.3",
 "requests==2.31.0",
 "pytz==2023.3",
 "singleton-decorator==1.0.0",
 "cachetools==5.3.1",
 "pymysql==1.0.2",
 "requests-custom-header==0.1.1",
 "aiohttp==3.9.1",
 "telempack==1.7.11",
 "polars==1.9.0",
 "jinja2==3.1.3",
 "oracledb==2.5.1",
 "numpy==2.2.3",
 "pika==1.3.2",
 "zstandard==0.23.0",
]
`
```
I've tried multiple attempts to upgrade/downgrade beanie/pymongo/mongoengine but it keeps throwing this error. Any ideas?
```

[Assistant]
This seems to be an issue with using `pymongo >= 4.9` with older versions of libraries that haven't been updated to be compatible with the breaking changes introduced in those pymongo releases.
This is because the `_QUERY_OPTIONS` attribute was removed from `pymongo.cursor` in 4.9 and above. Libraries that rely on this attribute will break if they haven't been updated to accommodate this change. Therefore, the solution involves either updating the dependent library or downgrading pymongo to issue.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Docker with create react app is not updating changes

I'm creating a React app with docker in WSL2 and create-react-app and everything seems to be working fine except the app is not updating with changes in the code. I mean, when I make a change in the code, the browser should update the changes automatically, but it doesn't and I have to restart the container to see them. I added `CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING=true` in `ENV` but it's not working either. These are the configuration files:
dockerfile
```
`# pull official base image
FROM node:16.13.1

# set working directory
WORKDIR /app

# add `/app/node_modules/.bin` to $PATH
ENV PATH /app/node_modules/.bin:$PATH

# install app dependencies

COPY package.json ./
COPY package-lock.json ./
RUN npm install

# add app
COPY . ./

# start app
CMD ["npm", "start"]
`
```
docker-compose.yml
```
`services:
 react:
 build: ./frontend
 command: npm start
 ports:
 - 3000:3000
 volumes:
 - ./frontend:/app
 env_file:
 - 'env.react'
`
```
env.react
```
`CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING=true
`
```
package.json
```
`{
 "name": "app",
 "version": "0.1.0",
 "private": true,
 "dependencies": {
 "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.1",
 "@testing-library/react": "^12.1.2",
 "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
 "mdbreact": "^5.2.0",
 "react": "^17.0.2",
 "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
 "react-painter": "^0.4.0",
 "react-router-dom": "^6.2.1",
 "react-scripts": "5.0.0",
 "sass": "^1.45.1",
 "web-vitals": "^2.1.2"
 },
 "scripts": {
 "start": "react-scripts start",
 "build":
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
`CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING` will no longer work in `react-scripts` ^5, as Webpack started using its own filesystem watcher (Watchpack) as a replacement for Chokidar, try:
`environment:
 - WATCHPACK_POLLING=true
`