[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
helm template escaped values for Grafana charts

wise SOers. It turns out Grafana dashboard json files use the same `{{ }}` to do variable substitution as helm does. I have a grafana chart that is laden with these `{{ }}` to a disagreeable degree.
When I want to put that chart into a template, like so:
```
`apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
 name: super-dashboard
 namespace: monitoring
 labels:
 grafana_dashboard: "1"
data:
 super-dashboard.json: |-
{{ .Files.Get "super-dashboard.json" | indent 4 }
`
```
It works great as long as the `super-dashboard.json` doesn't have any thing in it like:
`"legendFormat": "{{status}} Status",`.
Unfortunately, our dashboard does have such a woeful line. When I run helm, I get:
```
`Error: UPGRADE FAILED: parse error at (templates/dashboards/super-dashboard.json:282): function "status" not defined
`
```
Naturally, it's looking for some method `status` which does not exist in the helm template language and fails thusly. If only I could ignore parsing of that pestering file. Oh, ye wise masters of the Internet, have you any sage advice for the humble seeker of your collective wisdom?
```

[Assistant]
The issue was my `super-dashboard.json` file was in the same directories as the templates and helm tried to templatize it. The solution is to have a directory structure like:
```
`mychart/
 templates/
 super-dashboard.yaml
 files/
 super-dashboard.json
`
```
Then the `yaml` file has:
```
`{{ .Files.Get "files/super-dashboard.json" | indent 4 }}
`
```
I thought you had to put the files in the same directory but it just has to be at the root of the chart.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Example of a failed sort-by attempts based on the syntax above:
```
`$ kubectl get --all-namespaces pods --sort-by="{range .}[{.metadata.namespace},{.metadata.name}]{end}"
No resources found

$ kubectl get --all-namespaces pods --sort-by="[{.metadata.namespace},{.metadata.name}]"
# Randomly sorted mess

$ kubectl get --all-namespaces pods --sort-by="{.metadata.namespace},{.metadata.name}"
# Sorted only by namespace

$ kubectl get --all-namespaces pods --sort-by=".metadata.namespace,.metadata.name"
No resources found

$ kubectl get --all-namespaces pods --sort-by="[.metadata.namespace,.metadata.name]"
No resources found
`
```
Resources I've reviewed
The kubernates GitHub repo has several issues about sort, there is even a closed PR from 2019 where they were about to deprecate the --sort-by featrue because it was terrible.
But nothing I could easily find on multiple values. (I might be searching all wrong though)
I've even tried Bing Chat's AI to resolve this, it suggest syntax similar to above, but it only sorts on the first column. AI can't figure out questions that havn't been answered (properly) yet (surprise, surprise), so I'm reaching out to the human driven hive mind.
```

[Assistant]
One workaround is to specify custom columns in `kubectl` and use `sort` for the multi-field sort capability.
Example:
`kubectl get nodes --no-headers -o custom-columns='\
 NAME:.metadata.name, \
 ZONE:.metadata.labels.topology\.kubernetes\.io/zone, \
 CREATED:.metadata.creationTimestamp' \
 | sort -k 2b,2 -k 3b,3
`
sorts by availability zone first, then sorts by creation timestamp within the same availability zone.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
'exec user process caused: exec format error' in AWS Fargate Service
I am totally new to AWS but I've been running my dockerized application locally for months now with no issues. Now that I am trying to deploy this app via AWS ECS/Fargate, my containers are stopped repeatedly with this linux error: `standard_init_linux.go:219: exec user process caused: exec format error`. This error seems to suggest that the architecture in Fargate does not recognize one of the Linux commands I'm running but I can't find a good answer anywhere for how to find the architecture that's running or how to track down the specific command that's causing the issue.
These are my Dockerfiles for the frontend and backend. The project is built in the MERN stack and is split into the frontend (React) and the backend (MongoDB/Express)
Frontend:
```
`FROM alpine:3.10

ENV NODE_VERSION 15.9.0

WORKDIR /frontend

COPY package*.json ./

RUN apk add --no-cache nodejs npm

# some packages rely on gyp so we need this
# pulled from https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/issues/282
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .gyp \
 python \
 make \
 g++ \
 && npm install

COPY . .

EXPOSE 3000

CMD ["npm", "start"]
`
```
Backend:
```
`FROM alpine:3.10

ENV NODE_VERSION 15.9.0

WORKDIR /backend

COPY package*.json ./

RUN apk add --no-cache nodejs npm

# some packages rely on gyp so we need this
# pulled from https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/issues/282
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .gyp \
 python \
 make \
 g+
```

[Assistant]
I think you've identified your problem.
You're building your images on Apple's M1 chip, which is an ARM architecture. Fargate is probably running on the more common Intel x86-64 architecture. Images you build locally on your Mac aren't going to be able to run there.
The easiest solution is probably to have your images build automatically in Docker Hub (or use a Github Action to build them in Github).
I don't have all the details about how you're building and deploying your images, so it's possible I'm missing some details.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this postgresql incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Catch any of the errors in psycopg2 without listing them explicitly

I have a `try` and `except` block where I would like to catch only the errors in the `psycopg2.errors` and not any other error.
The explicit way would be:
```
`try:
 # execute a query
 cur = connection.cursor()
 cur.execute(sql_query)
except psycopg2.errors.SyntaxError, psycopg2.errors.GroupingError as err:
 # handle in case of error
`
```
The query will always be some SELECT statement. If the execution fails it should be handled. Any other exception not belonging to `psycopg`, e.g. like `ZeroDivisionError`, should not be caught from the `except` clause. However, I would like to avoid to list all errors after the `except` clause. In fact, if you list the psycopg errors, you get a quite extensive list:
```
`from psycopg2 import errors
dir(errors)
`
```
I have searched quite extensively and am not sure if this question has been asked already.
```

[Assistant]
You can you use the base class `psycopg2.Error` it catch all psycopg2 related errors
```
`import psycopg2

try:
 cur = connection.cursor()
 cur.execute(sql_query)
except psycopg2.Error as err:
 # handle in case of error

`
```
see official documentation


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this influxdb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
I did the following to deploy a helm chart (you can copy-and-paste my sequence of commands to reproduce this error).
 Warning Unhealthy ... kubelet Liveness probe failed: Get "http://172.31.61.133:6666/ping": dial tcp 172.31.61.133:6666: connect: connection refused
 Warning Unhealthy ... kubelet Readiness probe failed: Get "http://172.31.61.133:6666/ping": dial tcp 172.31.61.133:6666: connect: connection refused
 Warning BackOff ... kubelet Back-off restarting failed container
`
```
My goal is to have FluxCD automatically detect the above error. But, as shown above, FluxCD deems it a success.
Either of the following deployment methods would have detected that failure:
```
`$ helm upgrade --wait ...
`
```
or
```
`$ argocd app sync ... && argocd app wait ...
`
```
So, is there something similar in FluxCD to achieve the same effect?
====================================================================
P.S. Flux docs here seems to suggest that the equivalent to `helm --wait` is already the default behaviour in FluxCD. My test above shows that it isn't. Furthermore, in the following example, I explicitly set it to `disableWait: false` but the result is the same.
```
`$ cat helmrelease.yaml
---
apiVersion: helm.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v2beta1
kind: HelmRelease
metadata:
 name: my-traefik
 namespace: traefik
spec:
 chart:
 spec:
 chart: traefik
 sourceRef:
 kind: HelmRepository
 name: traefik
 version: 9.18.2
 install:
 disableWait: false # !!! Explicitly set this flag !!!
 interval: 1m0s

```

[Assistant]
Helm considers a deployment with one replica and strategy rollingUpdate with maxUnavailable of 1 to be ready when it has been deployed and there is 1 unavailable pod. If you test Helm itself, I believe you will find the same behavior exists in the Helm CLI / Helm SDK package upstream.
(Even if the deployment's one and only pod has entered CrashLoopBackOff and readiness and liveness checks have all failed... with maxUnavailable of 1 and replicas of 1, the deployment technically has no more than the allowed number of unavailable pods, so it is considered ready.)
This question was re-raised recently at: https://github.com/fluxcd/helm-controller/issues/355 and I provided more in-depth feedback there.
Anyway, as for the source of this behavior which is seemingly/clearly not what the user wanted (even if it appears to be specifically what the user has asked for, which is perhaps debatable):
As for Helm, this appears to be the same issue reported at GitHub here:

helm install --wait does not wait for deployment pod readiness properly - (helm/helm#3173)
and resurrected here:
helm upgrade --wait does not wait on newer versions - (helm/helm#10061)


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Nginx ingress failed: HTTP probe failed with statuscode: 503

I'm following this Link to install `nginx-ingress-controller` on my bare metal server `Kubernetes-v.1.19.16`
The below commands i have executed as part of installation.
```
`$ git clone https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress.git --branch v2.4.0
$ cd kubernetes-ingress/deployments

$ kubectl apply -f common/ns-and-sa.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f rbac/rbac.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f rbac/ap-rbac.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f rbac/apdos-rbac.yaml

$ kubectl apply -f common/default-server-secret.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f common/nginx-config.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f common/ingress-class.yaml

$ kubectl apply -f daemon-set/nginx-ingress.yaml
`
```
I have followed `DaemonSet` method.
```
`$ kubectl get all -n nginx-ingress
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-ingress-bcrk5 0/1 Running 0 19m
pod/nginx-ingress-ndpfz 0/1 Running 0 19m
pod/nginx-ingress-nvp98 0/1 Running 0 19m

NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
daemonset.apps/nginx-ingress 3 3 0 3 0 19m
`
```
For all three `nginx-ingress` pods same error it shown.
```
`$ kubectl describe pods nginx-ingress-bcrk5 -n nginx-ingress
Events:
 Type Reason Age From Message
 ---- ------ ---- ---- -------
 Normal Scheduled 38m default-scheduler Successfully assigned nginx-ingress/nginx-ingress-bcrk5 to node-4
 Normal Pulling 38m kubelet Pulling image "nginx/nginx-ingress:2.4.0"
 Normal Pulled 37m kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx/nginx-ingress:2.4.0"
```

[Assistant]
I'd recommend installing it using `helm`
See https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/tree/main/deployments/helm-chart
`helm repo add nginx-stable https://helm.nginx.com/stable

helm install nginx-ingress nginx-stable/nginx-ingress \
 --namespace $NAMESPACE \
 --version $VERSION
`
You can look for versions compatibles with your Kubernetes cluster version using:
`helm search repo nginx-stable/nginx-ingress --versions
`
When installation is well finished, you should see ingress-controller service that holds an `$EXTERNAL-IP`
`NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

ingress-nginx-controller LoadBalancer 10.0.XXX.XXX XX.XXX.XXX.XX 80:30578/TCP,443:31874/TCP 548d
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this redis incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Does the Redis PHP extension installed through PECL work on Mac M1?

The Redis server is running successfully using Homebrew with `brew services start redis`.
The PECL Redis installer appears to work with `sudo pecl install redis `, giving the following output:
```
`Build process completed successfully
Installing '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/php@7.4/7.4.28/pecl/20190902/redis.so'
install ok: channel://pecl.php.net/redis-5.3.7
Extension redis enabled in php.ini
`
```
If I use `php --ini`, this is the output:
```
`Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'redis.so' (tried: /opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902/redis.so (dlopen(/opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902/redis.so, 0x0009): tried: '/opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902/redis.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'x86_64', need 'arm64e')), '/usr/local/lib/redis.so' (no such file), '/usr/lib/redis.so' (no such file)), /opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902/redis.so.so (dlopen(/opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902/redis.so.so, 0x0009): tried: '/opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902/redis.so.so' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/redis.so.so' (no such file), '/usr/lib/redis.so.so' (no such file))) in Unknown on line 0
`
```
The redis.so library is in /opt/homebrew/lib/php/pecl/20190902.
Is there any way to get this library working on Mac M1?
```

[Assistant]
You can run `pecl` with `arch` to ensure that the architecture is `arm64`.
```
`arch -arm64 sudo pecl install redis
`
```
Alternatively, you can use a brew tap I maintain (shivammathur/extensions).
```
`brew tap shivammathur/extensions
brew install redis@7.4
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Support for node_provisioning_mode in azurerm_kubernetes_cluster (NAP is now GA)

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [x] I have searched the existing issues

### Community Note

- Please vote on this issue by adding a 👍 reaction to the original issue to help the community and maintainers prioritize this request
- Please do not leave "+1" or "me too" comments, they generate extra noise for issue followers and do not help prioritize the request
- If you are interested in working on this issue or have submitted a pull request, please leave a comment

### Description

Node Auto-Provisioning (NAP) for AKS is now **Generally Available** as of July 2025 ([announcement](https://azureaggregator.wordpress.com/2025/07/18/launched-generally-available-node-auto-provisioning-support-in-aks/)).

The previous issue #24503 was closed because NAP was in preview at the time. Now that it's GA and available in stable API versions, I'm requesting this feature be reconsidered.

NAP (powered by Karpenter) automatically provisions optimal VM sizes based on pending pod requirements, providing significant cost savings through right-sizing and better bin-packing.

### New or Affected Resource(s)/Data Source(s)

- `azurerm_kubernetes_cluster`

### Potential Terraform Configuration

```hcl
resource "azurerm_kubernetes_cluster" "example" {
 name = "example-aks"
 location = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
 resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
 dns_prefix = "example"

 d
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
It works for an existing Azure VM. However it throws the following error while trying to provision the Azure VM and apply the policy exemption on this Azure VM.
Ideally, module.exemption_jumpbox_sql_vulnerability_assessment should get executed only after [module.create_jumbox_vm as it is defined as a dependent. But not sure why it is throwing the error
```
`│ The "count" value depends on resource attributes that cannot be determined
│ until apply, so Terraform cannot predict how many instances will be
│ created. To work around this, use the -target argument to first apply only
│ the resources that the count depends on.
`
```
```

[Assistant]
I tried to reproduce the scenario in my environment.
```
`resource "azurerm_management_group_policy_exemption" "management_group_exemption" {
 count = local.exemption_scope.mg
 name = var.name
 display_name = var.display_name
 description = var.description
 management_group_id = var.scope
 policy_assignment_id = var.policy_assignment_id
 exemption_category = var.exemption_category
 expires_on = local.expires_on
 policy_definition_reference_ids = local.policy_definition_reference_ids
 metadata = local.metadata
}

locals {
 exemption_scope = try({
 ...
 })
`
```
Received the same error:
```
`The "count" value depends on resource attributes that cannot be determined
│ until apply, so Terraform cannot predict how many instances will be
│ created. To work around this, use the -target argument to first apply only
│ the resources that the count depends on.
`
```
Referring to local values, the values will be known on the apply time only, and not during the apply time. So if it is not dependent on other sources, it will exempt policies but it is dependent on the VM which may be still in process of creation.
So target only the resource that is dependent on first, as only when vm is created is when the exemption policy can be assigned to that vm.
Check count:using-expressions-in-count | Terraform | HashiCorp Developer

Also note that while using terraform count argument with Azure Virtual Machines, NIC resource also has to be created for each Virtual Machine resource.
```
`resource "azurerm_network_interface" "nic" {
 count = var.vm_count
 name = "${var.vm_name_pfx}-${count.index}-nic"
 location = data.azurerm_resource_group.example.location
 resource_group_name = data.azurerm_resource_group.example.name
 //tags = var.tags

 ip_configuration {
 name = "internal"
 subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.internal.id
 private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
 }
}
`
```

Reference: terraform-azurerm-policy-exemptions/examples/count at main · AnsumanBal-MT/terraform-azurerm-policy-exemptions · GitHub


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Can somebody help me on this? i am getting following error:
Angular & Node version Installed
```

Angular CLI: 12.0.1
Node: 14.16.0
Package Manager: npm 7.11.2
OS: win32 x64

```
```

 D:\Learning\Angular>ng new working
 ? Would you like to add Angular routing? No
 ? Which stylesheet format would you like to use? CSS
 CREATE working/angular.json (3045 bytes)
 CREATE working/package.json (1069 bytes)
 CREATE working/README.md (997 bytes)
 CREATE working/tsconfig.json (783 bytes)
 CREATE working/.editorconfig (274 bytes)
 CREATE working/.gitignore (604 bytes)
 CREATE working/.browserslistrc (703 bytes)
 CREATE working/karma.conf.js (1424 bytes)
 CREATE working/tsconfig.app.json (287 bytes)
 CREATE working/tsconfig.spec.json (333 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/favicon.ico (948 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/index.html (293 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/main.ts (372 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/polyfills.ts (2820 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/styles.css (80 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/test.ts (743 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/assets/.gitkeep (0 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/environments/environment.prod.ts (51 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/environments/environment.ts (658 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/app/app.module.ts (314 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/app/app.component.html (23777 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/app/app.component.spec.ts (943 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/app/app.component.ts (211 bytes)
 CREATE working/src/app/app.component.css (0 bytes)
 / Installing packages (npm)...npm WARN deprecated urix@0.1.0
```

[Assistant]
Your command cannot succeed, because npm fails to fetch some module due to internet connection problems.
You can try using different internet connection or increasing npm fetch timeouts.
I just had this issue and it helped changing timeouts:
```
`npm config set fetch-retry-mintimeout 20000
npm config set fetch-retry-maxtimeout 120000
`
```
You may need to set higher values (you can add a zero or two to each value) if your connection is bad enough.
You can find default values running:
```
`npm config ls -l
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
I tried working with this : gsalrashid123/gcs_signedurl but I'm running into some errors.
Error :
```
`Traceback (most recent call last): File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2073, in wsgi_app response = self.full_dispatch_request() File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1518, in full_dispatch_request rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1516, in full_dispatch_request rv = self.dispatch_request() File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1502, in dispatch_request return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**req.view_args) File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/functions_framework/__init__.py", line 99, in view_func return function(request._get_current_object()) File "/workspace/main.py", line 25, in hello_world signed_url = blob.generate_signed_url(expires_at_ms, credentials=signing_credentials) File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/google/cloud/storage/blob.py", line 620, in generate_signed_url return helper( File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/google/cloud/storage/_signing.py", line 396, in generate_signed_url_v2 signed_query_params = get_signed_query_params_v2( File "/layers/google.python.pip/pip/lib/python3.9/site-packages/google/cloud/storage/_signing.py", line 81,
```

[Assistant]
Posting John Hanley's comment and Tony Stark's comment as community wiki for visibility.
The error occurred because the `--impersonate-service-account` which OP used is only having the scope `devstorage.read` which is not enough to sign data.
The following article from John Hanley helped in troubleshooting and resolving the issue.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Azure Pipelines DotNetCoreCLI - .Net Core SDK End of Life

I am receiving an error in Azure CI pipelines. While trying to run a DotNetCoreCLI `restore` task.
Been scrapping the net for hours to no avail, no solution from related questions have helped me understand the problem.
Basically, we have added a new project to a repo. This project requires a dotnet restore command to be run to create the `project.assets.json` file.
Please see script below and log snapshot for each task.
Script:

UseDotNet snapshot:

DotNetCoreCLI error message:
Info: .NET Core SDK/runtime 2.2 and 3.0 are now End of Life(EOL) and have been removed from all hosted agents. If you're using these SDK/runtimes on hosted agents, kindly upgrade to newer versions which are not EOL, or else use UseDotNet task to install the required version.
##[error]No files matched the search pattern.
Info: Azure Pipelines hosted agents have been updated and now contain .Net 5.x SDK/Runtime along with the older .Net Core version which are currently lts.
Have looked around quite a bit. Nothing seems to help me understand what is going wrong here.
Any assistance would be appreciated.
```

[Assistant]
Turns out the issue was in the folder location referenced as `$(UtilityLibrary)`.
Took me a while to figure out as I didn't have access to the actual variable set.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Backport Undici to Node.js 22.x

Was discussing this with @mcollina. In Node.js 24.x an upgrade of Undici landed that fixes a memory leak when calling `res.body.clone()`. Specifically this PR on Undici: https://github.com/nodejs/undici/pull/4419.

It would be helpful to have this available on Node.js 22. Currently we're working around the issue by having a custom response cloning function in Node.js, but the solution is not ideal and was leaking memory too in some cases. Would like to switch to the built-in clone for versions that have the fix.

Hope this is enough context, if not let me know!
```

[Assistant]
@timneutkens that commit is part of undici v6.22, which was released in Node.js v22.21.0.

Can you verify on your end if you are still hitting the problem?


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Error when running the command minikube start

The following error when I run the command `minikube start` :
👎 Unable to pick a default driver. Here is what was considered, in preference order:
▪ docker: Not healthy: "docker version --format {{.Server.Os}}-{{.Server.Version}}" exit status 1: Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Get "http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.24/version": dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
▪ docker: Suggestion: Add your user to the 'docker' group: 'sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker' https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/
💡 Alternatively you could install one of these drivers:
▪ kvm2: Not installed: exec: "virsh": executable file not found in $PATH
▪ vmware: Not installed: exec: "docker-machine-driver-vmware": executable file not found in $PATH
▪ podman: Not installed: exec: "podman": executable file not found in $PATH
▪ virtualbox: Not installed: unable to find VBoxManage in $PATH
❌ Exiting due to DRV_NOT_HEALTHY: Found driver(s) but none were healthy. See above for suggestions how to fix installed drivers.
```

[Assistant]
Maybe you need root access to run the command, try adding your user to the docker group with this command:
```
`sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker
`
```
after that restart the terminal and run the command again to check if it works


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
replace go mod depdenncy https://github.com/juju/fslock

we should explore alternatives,
maybe github.com/gofrs/flock ?

this is not a beginner friendly task, plz do not take as a first issue.
```

[Assistant]
The Kubernetes project currently lacks enough contributors to adequately respond to all issues.

This bot triages un-triaged issues according to the following rules:
- After 90d of inactivity, `lifecycle/stale` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/stale` was applied, `lifecycle/rotten` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/rotten` was applied, the issue is closed

You can:
- Mark this issue as fresh with `/remove-lifecycle stale`
- Close this issue with `/close`
- Offer to help out with [Issue Triage][1]

Please send feedback to sig-contributor-experience at [kubernetes/community](https://github.com/kubernetes/community).

/lifecycle stale

[1]: https://www.kubernetes.dev/docs/guide/issue-triage/


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
azure cli $Path error running in terraform cloud

Setting up terraform cloud for the first time and getting this error. Not sure why as on my local machine azure CLI is installed and the path is set, but I think has something to do with setting it in the terraform cloud platform.
```
`Error: building AzureRM Client: please ensure you have installed Azure CLI version 2.0.79 or newer. Error parsing json result from the Azure CLI: launching Azure CLI: exec: "az": executable file not found in $PATH.
with provider["registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/azurerm"]
on versions.tf line 21, in provider "azurerm":

provider "azurerm" {
`
```
My currently tf code
versions.tf
```
`terraform {

 cloud {
 organization = "myorg"

 workspaces {
 name = "dev"
 }
 }

 required_providers {
 azurerm = {
 source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
 version = "~>3.10.0"
 }
 }

 required_version = ">= 1.2.3"
}

provider "azurerm" {
 features {}
}
`
```
variables.tf
```
`variable "tenant_id" {
 description = "tenant id for azure subscription"
}
`
```
main.tf
```
`resource "azurerm_resource_group" "testrg" {
 name = "test-rg"
 location = "Central US"
}
`
```
not doing anything fancy, but not sure how to get past the azure CLI error. I know where variables can be set in the terraform cloud platform, but not specifically where to set a $Path for the azure cli or even how to install azure cli in terraform cloud. On my local machine, I am logging in with az login on an account with sufficient permissions to the subscription.
```

[Assistant]
I'm trying to "boil down" kavya Saraboju's answer, which is formally correct, to a bare minimum that helped me.
The Error message seems to be very confusing, if it has anything at all to do with the actual problem. I had to set the environment variables `ARM_CLIENT_ID`, `ARM_TENANT_ID`, `ARM_CLIENT_SECRET` and `ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID` in Terraform Cloud. Go to Terraform Cloud's web admin panel, choose your workspace, click on "Variables" and set all the required values:

Read here how to obtain the values for those variables.
I'm a beginner as well on both Terraform and Azure, but I anyway hope this answer will help anybody who stumbles across this issue.
And also, my solution is described comprehensively in this tutorial.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to connect to Docker service UI via LAN on local network

I am new to Docker and am trying to get Nginx Proxy Manager up and running.
So far, I have a docker-compose.yml that looks like (based on a tutorial I'm following):
`version: "3.9"

networks:
 default:
 driver: bridge
 npm_proxy:
 name: npm_proxy
 driver: bridge
 ipam:
 config:
 - subnet: 192.168.89.0/24

x-common-keys-core: &common-keys-core
 networks:
 - npm_proxy
 security_opt:
 - no-new-privileges:true
 restart: always

services:
 npm:

This is works so far, and I can access the Nginx Proxy Manager on the host machine (NUC running Ubuntu connected via LAN to my router).
However, I thought that it'd be simple to access this same UI on another machine on my local network (Windows PC connected to same router via LAN).
For the life of me, I can't seem to pull up the UI on the other computer. I just get a timeout error in my browser.
I have tried:

Accessing 192.168.89.254:81, which works fine on the host
Adding --net=host flag
Switching ports/IPs in YAML
Removing custom network/bridge and just do default (i.e. localhost:81)

Does anyone know how to access the UI of a Docker service on another local PC on the same network. I don't need port-forwarding for this because it's local right?
```

[Assistant]
Seems all I had to do was expose the port in my UFW via `ufw allow 81`. Once exposed I can access the UI from any device in my local network.
As pointed out by @DavidMaze, it doesn't seem very useful to specify static IPs for Docker containers. It seems best practice would be to use default Docker networking, specify different ports for different containers, and just make sure these ports are accessible via UFW. Since I'm not port forwarding on my router they should only be accessible from my local network.
I'm still a little curious though as to when a bridge would be useful. It seems even with a bridge Docker connects the bridge network to the host network. So I wonder what the point is... I'll be sure read up on some documentation.
Here is my updated YAML:
`version: "3.9"

x-common-keys-core: &common-keys-core
 security_opt:
 - no-new-privileges:true
 restart: always

services:
 npm:


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Some time in June I found that the above script no longer works, and raises an exception, specifically on the line `server.login(sender_email, password)`:
 raise last_exception
 raise SMTPAuthenticationError(code, resp)
smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError: (535, b'5.7.8 Username and Password not accepted.
Learn more at\n5.7.8 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=BadCredentials p14-20020aa7cc8e000000b00435651c4a01sm8910838edt.56 - gsmtp')
`
```
... I was thus not entirely surprised by this, and have now gone looking for a solution.

I have got this idea that the way forward is something called "OAuth consent" (I don't have any idea what this is...)

I found this answer and tried to follow the steps there. Here is my account of trying to follow step 1:

I went to this Google configuration page and chose "my_gmail_account_name", the account I want to send emails from ...

new "project", name: test-project-2022-07-18

location: default ("No organisation")

clicked Create

clicked NEXT

clicked ENABLE

clicked the icon to enable the "Google Developer Console"

in the hamburger menu (top left) there is an item "APIs and services" ... one item there is "Credentials" - clicked

one item in the left-hand list is "OAuth consent screen"

another item is "Credentials". Clicked this: then, at the top, "+ CREATE CREDENTIALS"

in the dropdown menu, choose "OAuth Client ID"

clicked "CONFIGURE CONSENT SCREEN"

radio buttons: "Internal" and "External". chose latter.

clicked "CREATE"

under "App i
```

[Assistant]
Google has recently made changes to access of less secure apps (read here: https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps).
In order to make your script work again, you'll need to make a new app password for it. Directions to do so are below:

Go to My Account in Gmail and click on Security.
After that, scroll down to choose the Signing into Google option.
Now, click on App Password. (Note: You can see this option when two-step authentication is enabled). To enable two-step authentication:

From the Signing into Google, click on the Two-step Verification option and then enter the password.
Then Turn ON the two-step verification by entering the OTP code received on the mobile.

(Here's a quick link to the same page: https://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords)

Here, you can see a list of applications, choose the required one.
Next, pick the Select Device option and click on the device which is being used to operate Gmail.
Now, click on Generate.
After that, enter the Password shown in the Yellow bar.
Lastly, click on Done.

(Source: https://www.emailsupport.us/blog/gmail-smtp-not-working/)
Simply switch out the password the script is using for this newly generated app password. This worked for me and I wish the same for you.
I hope this helps!


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
terraform aws_acm_certificate_validation.cert_api: Still creating... [4m21s elapsed] until timeout

The ACM Certificate Validation never completes, it times out after about 45 mins, looking at the AWS Hosted Zone for the domain, it has a cname record. It never reaches the create the Api Gateway Domain section.
main.tf
```
`resource "aws_acm_certificate" "cert_api" {
 domain_name = var.api_domain
 validation_method = "DNS"

 tags = {
 Name = var.api_domain
 }
}

resource "aws_acm_certificate_validation" "cert_api" {
 certificate_arn = aws_acm_certificate.cert_api.arn
 validation_record_fqdns = aws_route53_record.cert_api_validations.*.fqdn
}

resource "aws_route53_zone" "api" {
 name = var.api_domain
}

resource "aws_route53_record" "cert_api_validations" {
 allow_overwrite = true
 count = length(aws_acm_certificate.cert_api.domain_validation_options)

 zone_id = aws_route53_zone.api.zone_id
 name = element(aws_acm_certificate.cert_api.domain_validation_options.*.resource_record_name, count.index)
 type = element(aws_acm_certificate.cert_api.domain_validation_options.*.resource_record_type, count.index)
 records = [element(aws_acm_certificate.cert_api.domain_validation_options.*.resource_record_value, count.index)]
 ttl = 60
}

resource "aws_route53_record" "api-a" {
 name = aws_apigatewayv2_domain_name.api.domain_name
 type = "A"
 zone_id = aws_route53_zone.api.zone_id

 alias {
 name = aws_apigatewayv2_domain_name.api.domain_name_configuration[0].target_domain_name
 zone_id
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
If the hosted zone is destroyed and re-provisioned, new name server records are associated with the new hosted zone. However,
the domain name might still have the previous name server records
associated with it.
If AWS Route 53 is used as the domain name registrar, head to Route 53 > Registered domains > ${your-domain-name} > Add or edit name servers and add the
newly associated name server records from the hosted zone to the registered domain.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this redis incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
redisClient.on('error', function(err) {
 console.log('*Redis Client Error: ' + err.message);
});
redisClient.on('connect', function(){
 console.log('Connected to redis instance');
});

(async () => {
 await redisClient.auth(process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD)
 .catch(err => {console.log('Redis auth error: ' + err.message)});
 await redisClient.connect()
 .catch(err => {console.log('Redis connect error: ' + err.message)});
})();

module.exports = redisClient;
`
```
app.js
```
`const session = require("express-session");
const redisStore = require('connect-redis')(session);
const redisClient = require('./session-store/redisClient');

...

app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(session({
 store: new redisStore({client: redisClient, ttl: 3600 * 24 * 30}),
 saveUninitialized: false,
 secret: process.env.SESSION_SECRET,
 resave: false
}));

`
```
The problem is: upon starting the server i got error messages log in console like this:
```
`Redis auth error: The client is closed
*Redis Client Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:6379
*Redis Client Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:6379
*Redis Client Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:6379
*Redis Client Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:6379
...
`
```
I used this guide to set up redis cloud and assign dotenv variables (host, port and password). I have debugged and the dotenv is working fine and I have host, port and password variables correct.
But the problem still remains. I still get The client is closed and connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.
```

[Assistant]
was stuck on same issue and found some luck. have used 'ioredis' module instead of redis which worked seamlessly.
```
`const redis = require('ioredis');
const redisClient = redis.createClient({host:'your host address',port:your port,username:'',password:''});

redisClient.on('connect',() => {
 console.log('connected to redis successfully!');
})

redisClient.on('error',(error) => {
 console.log('Redis connection error :', error);
})

module.exports = redisClient;
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Azure DevOps Pipelines with Terraform failing on arm_xxx parameters

We have several pipelines in Azure-Devops performing Terraform init-plan-apply. Until now worked fine.
But all of a sudden we are getting these errors in the Init phase.
```
`Initializing the backend...
╷
│ Error: Invalid backend configuration argument
│
│ The backend configuration argument "arm_subscription_id" given on the command line is not expected for the selected backend type.
╵ Error: Invalid backend configuration argument
│
│ The backend configuration argument "arm_tenant_id" .....
│ The backend configuration argument "arm_client_id" .....
│ The backend configuration argument "arm_client_secret" ....
`
```
On the hasicorp website I found a remark on this https://www.terraform.io/upgrade-guides/0-15.html .
But thegeneration of the init command is completelly done by DevOps, there is no place where I can change the arm_client_id to client_id (and the others).
Anybody has seen this behaviour and being able to solve it.
```

[Assistant]
I spent about 2 hours on this issue today and I found that I had to perform the following.

I had to install Terraform 0.14.11 as the new 0.15.1 was failing

In your Terraform init task, add -reconfigure to Additional command arguments

Although my terraform code worked fine on my PC, I was getting the same errors as you are. In my main.tf file, I removed all reference to my backend since they are already defined in the init task

```
` terraform {
 required_providers {
 azurerm = {
 source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
 version = "=2.48.0"
 }
 }
 }

 provider "azurerm" {
 features {}
 }

 terraform {
 backend "azurerm" {
 }
 }
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to copy file from local system to kubernetes pods with new kubectl version

I'm trying to copy files from my local to kubernetes pods. I've been using the command for a very few months now and everything worked fine:
```
`kubectl cp C:/test.jar backend-0:/usr/local/myproject/tomcat/webapps/WEB-INF/lib -c tomcat
`
```
Now I bought a new computer, re-configured the development environment, and now when I try to use the same command, I see an error:
```
`error: one of src or dest must be a local file specification
`
```
I'm using Google Cloud SDK as a terminal. The old computer had the Google Cloud SDK version 368.0.0, now it's 396.0.0. Also, kubectl version changed, was 1.16.6 now it's 1.22.12.
Please tell me which command in the terminal will be relevant now, how should I use copying? Thanks!
```

[Assistant]
You cannot use absolute paths like `C:/test.jar`
You can try the following:

Make sure you are under `c:/`
Execute:
`kubectl cp test.jar backend-0:/usr/local/myproject/tomcat/webapps/WEB-INF/lib -c tomcat`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Only the checksum for `hashicorp/dns` is recorded in `.terraform.lock.hcl`, causing `terraform init -lockfile=readonly` to fail when it tries to add `hashicorp/vault` to `.terraform.lock.hcl`, since `terraform init` respects the providers required by modules in `tests/test.tftest.hcl`, but `terraform providers lock` does not
```

[Assistant]
The bigger problem with that `-lockfile=readonly` situation happens as soon as you run some other command (e.g. `terraform test`) after `terraform init -lockfile=readonly` succeeds.

The installation will succeed with that warning because the installer can use the `zh:` checksums to verify the previously-unseen package. But every other command relies on `h1:` checksums to verify the extracted packages in `.terraform/providers`, so those commands can't work unless there's a `h1:` package for the current platform, and `-lockfile=readonly` prevents `terraform init` from adding the extra `h1:` checksum that those later commands would rely on.

So `-lockfile=readonly` is only useful today if you've used `terraform providers lock` to make sure you have `h1:` checksums for at least the platform where you'll be using `-lockfile=readonly`. And because of this bug, even _that_ won't work when there's a testing-only dependency.

Removing `-lockfile=readonly` from the preparation to run the tests is the only way to make this work today, I think. If this bug were fixed then the `terraform providers lock` workaround would work, at least.

---

I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this redis incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Using endpoints of AWS ElastiCache for Redis

I am using `AWS ElastiCache` for `Redis` as the caching solution for my `spring-boot` application. I am using `spring-boot-starter-data-redis` and `jedis` client to connect with my cache.
Imagine that I am having my cache in cluster-mode-enabled and 3 shards with 2 nodes in each. I agree then the best way of doing it is using the configuration-endpoint. Alternatively, I can list all the endpoints of all nodes and let the job done.
However, even if I use a single node's endpoint from one of the shards, my caching solution works. That doesn't looks right to me. I feel even if it works, that might case problems in the cluster in long run. When there are all together 6 nodes partitioned into 3 shards but only using one node's endpoint. I have following questions.
Is using one node's endpoint create an imbalance in the cluster?
or
Is that handled automatically by the `AWS ElastiCache` for `Redis`?
If I use only one node's endpoint does that mean the other nodes will never being used?
Thank you!
```

[Assistant]
To answer your questions;

Is using one node's endpoint create an imbalance in the cluster?
NO

Is that handled automatically by the AWS ElastiCache for Redis?
Somewhat

if I use only one node's endpoint does that mean the other nodes will never being used?
No. All nodes are being used.

This is how Cluster Mode Enabled works. In your case, you have 3 shards meaning all your slots (where key-value data is stored) are divided into 3 sub-clusters ie. shards.
This was explained in this answer as well - https://stackoverflow.com/a/72058580/6024431
So, essentially, your nodes are smart enough to re-direct your requests to the nodes that has the key-slot where your data needs to be stored. So, no imbalances. Redis handles the redirection for you.
Now, while using Node endpoints, you're going to be facing other problems.
Elasticache is running on cloud (which is essentially AWS Hardware). All hardware faces issues. You have 3 primaries (1p, 2p, 3p) and 3 (1r, 2r, 3r) replicas.
So, if a primary goes down due to hardware issue (lets say 1p), the replica will get promoted to become the new Primary for the cluster (1r).
Now the problem would be, your application is connected directly to 1p which has now been demoted to replica. So, all the WRITE operations will fail.
And you will have to change the application code manually whenever this happens.
Alternatively, if you were using configurational endpoint (or other cluster level endpoints) instead of node-endpoints, this issue would only be a blip to your application at most, perhaps for 1-2 seconds.
Cheers!


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
remove dependency on installing minikube-maintained binaries for cri-dockerd

in our Kicbase https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/4ed65a25ed332e70f1cd5688267448ef8fe4a054/deploy/kicbase/Dockerfile#L129
we install cri-docker from binaries that built and hosted by minikube (manually)
the reason is building it form source takes a long time, and they used not have all ARCHS in their release

we need to verify if their releases binaries can be used in our DockerFile
https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/4ed65a25ed332e70f1cd5688267448ef8fe4a054/deploy/kicbase/Dockerfile#L129

https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases

```
# Install cri-dockerd from pre-compiled binaries stored in GCS, this is way faster than building from source in multi-arch
RUN echo "Installing cri-dockerd ${CRI_DOCKERD_VERSION}" && \
	curl -L "https://storage.googleapis.com/kicbase-artifacts/cri-dockerd/${CRI_DOCKERD_COMMIT}/${TARGETARCH}/cri-dockerd" -o /usr/bin/cri-dockerd && chmod +x /usr/bin/cri-dockerd && \
	curl -L "https://storage.googleapis.com/kicbase-artifacts/cri-dockerd/${CRI_DOCKERD_COMMIT}/cri-docker.socket" -o /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.socket && \
	curl -L "https://storage.googleapis.com/kicbase-artifacts/cri-dockerd/${CRI_DOCKERD_COMMIT}/cri-docker.service" -o /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

```

related https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/issues/523
```

[Assistant]
The Kubernetes project currently lacks enough contributors to adequately respond to all issues.

This bot triages un-triaged issues according to the following rules:
- After 90d of inactivity, `lifecycle/stale` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/stale` was applied, `lifecycle/rotten` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/rotten` was applied, the issue is closed

You can:
- Mark this issue as fresh with `/remove-lifecycle stale`
- Close this issue with `/close`
- Offer to help out with [Issue Triage][1]

Please send feedback to sig-contributor-experience at [kubernetes/community](https://github.com/kubernetes/community).

/lifecycle stale

[1]: https://www.kubernetes.dev/docs/guide/issue-triage/

---

The Kubernetes project currently lacks enough active contributors to adequately respond to all issues.

This bot triages un-triaged issues according to the following rules:
- After 90d of inactivity, `lifecycle/stale` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/stale` was applied, `lifecycle/rotten` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/rotten` was applied, the issue is closed

You can:
- Mark this issue as fresh with `/remove-lifecycle rotten`
- Close this issue with `/close`
- Offer to help out with [Issue Triage][1]

Please send feedback to sig-contributor-experience at [kubernetes/community](https://github.com/kubernetes/community).

/lifecycle rotten

[1]: https://www.kubernetes.dev/docs/guide/issue-triage/

---

The Kubernetes project currently lacks enough active contributors to adequately respond to all issues and PRs.

This bot triages issues according to the following rules:
- After 90d of inactivity, `lifecycle/stale` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/stale` was applied, `lifecycle/rotten` is applied
- After 30d of inactivity since `lifecycle/rotten` was applied, the issue is closed

You can:
- Reopen this issue with `/reopen`
- Mark this issue as fresh with `/remove-lifecycle rotten`
- Offer to help out with [Issue Triage][1]

Please send feedback to sig-contributor-experience at [kubernetes/community](https://github.com/kubernetes/community).

/close not-planned

[1]: https://www.kubernetes.dev/docs/guide/issue-triage/


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Request Line is too large (8192 > 4094)

I am using nginx and gunicorn to deploy my django project, when I use GET funcation posted data to server I get the error:
```
`Bad Request

Request Line is too large (8192 > 4094)
`
```
On nginx.conf I have:
```
`client_max_body_size 100g;
client_header_buffer_size 512k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 512k;
`
```
Many methods on the Internet are changing "large_client_header_buffers" from 4 512k; but didn't fix the problem.
Any help or explanation is welcome! Thank you.
```

[Assistant]
it is gunicorn issue, not Nginx
you can change the limit
```
`--limit-request-line
`
```
https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/settings.html#limit-request-line


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
It's not possible to get logs during command construction

**What happened**:
While preparing for KubeCon EU SIG CLI presentation I've wanted to show how users can see the logs when using [kubectl preferences](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/3104).
So I've run:
```
KUBECTL_KUBERC=true kubectl -v=5 get po -A
```
with an empty `$HOME/.kube/kuberc` file, hoping to see this message
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/bdda0a530ed26fd5b9f389ae4333a748de861f32/staging/src/k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kuberc/marshal.go#L99
but sadly I didn't get any. I started looking around and due to how we create commands [we only initialize logging when running command](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/bdda0a530ed26fd5b9f389ae4333a748de861f32/cmd/kubectl/kubectl.go#L30).

**What you expected to happen**:
I'd like to see the output for all log messages even during command construction.

**How to reproduce it (as minimally and precisely as possible)**:
```
KUBECTL_KUBERC=true kubectl -v=5 get po -A
```
```

[Assistant] Alternate solution in https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/131668


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Terraform: Error: Kubernetes cluster unreachable: invalid configuration

After deleting kubernetes cluster with "terraform destroy" I can't create it again anymore.
"terraform apply" returns the following error message:

Error: Kubernetes cluster unreachable: invalid configuration: no
configuration has been provided, try setting KUBERNETES_MASTER
environment variable

Here is the terraform configuration:
```
`terraform {
 backend "s3" {
 bucket = "skyglass-msur"
 key = "terraform/backend"
 region = "us-east-1"
 }
}

locals {
 env_name = "staging"
 aws_region = "us-east-1"
 k8s_cluster_name = "ms-cluster"
}

variable "mysql_password" {
 type = string
 description = "Expected to be retrieved from environment variable TF_VAR_mysql_password"
}

provider "aws" {
 region = local.aws_region
}

data "aws_eks_cluster" "msur" {
 name = module.aws-kubernetes-cluster.eks_cluster_id
}

module "aws-network" {
 source = "github.com/skyglass-microservices/module-aws-network"

 env_name = local.env_name
 vpc_name = "msur-VPC"
 cluster_name = local.k8s_cluster_name
 aws_region = local.aws_region
 main_vpc_cidr = "10.10.0.0/16"
 public_subnet_a_cidr = "10.10.0.0/18"
 public_subnet_b_cidr = "10.10.64.0/18"
 private_subnet_a_cidr = "10.10.128.0/18"
 private_subnet_b_cidr = "10.10.192.0/18"
}

module "aws-kubernetes-cluster" {
 source = "github.com/skyglass-microservices/module-aws-kubernetes"

 ms_namespace = "microservices"
 env_name = local.env_name
 aws_region = local.aws_region
 cluster_name
```

[Assistant]
Before doing something radical like manipulating the state directly, try setting the KUBE_CONFIG_PATH variable:
```
`export KUBE_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/.kube/config
`
```
After this rerun the `plan` or `apply` command.
This has fixed the issue for me.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Avoid unnecessary data lookup deferral

### Terraform Version

```shell
1.5.4
```

### Use Cases

When one resource that is managed by Terraform has dependent resources that are not managed by Terraform, it is sometimes necessary to use a data resource to retrieve the calculated attributes of the dependent resources.

Currently _any_ planned changes to the resource that is managed by Terraform will cause the data resource to be deferred to apply time. Even if the properties that are changing are not referenced by the data resource.

For any downstream resources that depend on the outputs of the data resource, they are forced plan pessimistically (usually a destroy and recreate).

This could be avoided if the logic that decides whether a data resource must be deferred was updated to look for any planned changes in each specific input, rather than considering resources as a whole.

**Example scenario**

A concrete scenario where we've encountered this was with the AWS provider. A planned change to a Transit Gateway prefix list was causing a planned drop and recreate of other TGW resources.

The same scenario exists with the VPC endpoint resource, which requires a separate data resource to retrieve the private ID for an interface endpoint.

In general, this is not a problem with any specific provider, but occurs any time the following setup is needed (where creating a "thing_a" will cause a "thing_b" to be automatically created)

```
resource "foo_thing_a" "a" {
 some_property =
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
Hi @industrialzombie,

This is a known inconsistency with data resources in Terraform, which was only maintained for backwards compatibility. There were too many configurations depending on the way implicit dependencies works, and not enough time to deprecate and migrate all those configurations. The workaround is to indirect the reference between the data source and the managed resource.

```
resource "foo_thing_a" "a" {
 some_property = "foo"
}

locals {
 foo_thing_a_id = foo_thing_a.a.id
}

data "foo_thing_b" "b" {
 id = local.foo_thing_a_id
}

resource "foo_thing_c" "c" {
 some_property = data.foo_thing_b.b.some_property
}
```

This disconnects the implicit `depends_on` from the data source to the resource, and then planning can proceed only based on whether the data source's configuration is entirely known or not. See also #32042 and #30083 among others.

---

Hey thanks @jbardin,

I wasn't aware of this workaround - thank you for documenting it here for anyone facing the same issue in the future!

Speaking of documentation, this workaround used to be clearly documented (up to v1.11) but seems to have been reworded in the documentation (v1.12 onwards).

```
In order to ensure that data sources are accessing the most up to date information possible
in a wide variety of use cases, arguments directly referencing managed resources are treated
the same as if the resource was listed in depends_on. This behavior can be avoided when
desired by indirectly referencing the managed resource values through a local value, unless
the data resource itself has [custom conditions](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/v1.11.x/data-sources#custom-condition-checks).
```
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/v1.11.x/data-sources#data-resource-dependencies

```
Terraform correctly detects dependencies in your configuration, even when indirectly reference
a Terraform-managed resource values through a local value.
```
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/v1.12.x/data-sources#dependencies

I would be interested to know if anything changed in the provider; and if not, whether this workaround could be added back into the documentation.

---

I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How do you perform a HEALTHCHECK in the Redis Docker image?

Recently, we had an outage due to Redis being unable to write to a file system (not sure why it's Amazon EFS) anyway I noted that there was no actual HEALTHCHECK set up for the Docker service to make sure it is running correctly, Redis is up so I can't simply use `nc -z` to check if the port is open.
Is there a command I can execute in the `redis:6-alpine` (or non-alpine) image that I can put in the `healthcheck` block of the `docker-compose.yml` file.
Note I am looking for command that is available internally in the image. Not an external healthcheck.
```

[Assistant]
Although the `ping` operation from @nitrin0 answer generally works. It does not handle the case where the write operation will actually fail. So instead I perform a change that will just increment a value to a key I don't plan to use.
```
`image: redis:6
healthcheck:
 test: [ "CMD", "redis-cli", "--raw", "incr", "ping" ]
`
```
Note this MUST NOT be performed on a cluster that is initialized by Docker. Since this health check will prevent the cluster from being formed as the Redis are not empty.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this postgresql incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Getting top rows with the latest related row in joined table quickly

There are two tables `conversations` and `messages`, I want to fetch conversations along with the content of their latest message.
`conversations` - id(PRIMARY KEY), name, created_at
`messages` - id, content, created_at, conversation_id
Currently we are running this query to get the required data
```
`SELECT
 conversations.id,
 m.content AS last_message_content,
 m.created_at AS last_message_at
FROM
 conversations
INNER JOIN messages m ON conversations.id = m.conversation_id
 AND m.id = (
 SELECT
 id
 FROM
 messages _m
 WHERE
 m.conversation_id = _m.conversation_id
 ORDER BY
 created_at DESC
 LIMIT 1)
ORDER BY
 last_message_at DESC
LIMIT 15
OFFSET 0
`
```
The above query is returning the valid data but its performance decreases with the increasing number of rows. Is there any other way to write this query with increased performance? Attaching the fiddle for example.
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!17/2decb/2
Also tried the suggestions in one of the deleted answers:
```
`SELECT DISTINCT ON (c.id)
 c.id,
 m.content AS last_message_content,
 m.created_at AS last_message_at
 FROM conversations AS c
 INNER JOIN messages AS m
 ON c.id = m.conversation_id
 ORDER BY c.id, m.created_at DESC
 LIMIT 15 OFFSET 0
`
```
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!17/2decb/5
But the problem with this query is it doesn't sort by `m.created_at`. I want the resultset to be sorted by `m.created_at DESC`
```

[Assistant]
Have you tried a lateral join instead?
`SELECT
 conversations.id,
 m.content AS last_message_content,
 m.created_at AS last_message_at
FROM "conversations"
INNER JOIN LATERAL (
 SELECT content, created_at
 FROM messages m
 WHERE conversations.id = m.conversation_id
 ORDER BY created_at DESC
 FETCH FIRST 1 ROW ONLY
) m ON TRUE
ORDER BY last_message_at DESC
LIMIT 15 OFFSET 0
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Quasar Error: Cannot find module 'ajv/dist/compile/codegen'

(node:21216) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Cannot find module 'ajv/dist/compile/codegen'

loader.js:815 Function.Module._resolveFilename
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:815:15

loader.js:667 Function.Module._load
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:667:27

loader.js:887 Module.require
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:887:19

helpers.js:74 require
internal/modules/cjs/helpers.js:74:18

typeof.js:3 Object.
[front]/[mini-css-extract-plugin]/[ajv-keywords]/dist/definitions/typeof.js:3:19

loader.js:999 Module._compile
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:999:30

loader.js:1027 Object.Module._extensions..js
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1027:10

loader.js:863 Module.load
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:863:32

loader.js:708 Function.Module._load
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:708:14

loader.js:887 Module.require
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:887:19

(node:21216) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). To terminate the node process on unhandled promise rejection, use the CLI flag `--unhandled-rejections=strict` (see https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_unhandled_rejections_mode). (rejection id: 1)
(node:21216) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will
```

[Assistant]
I had the same issue when I used JHipster, which I solved by running this command
```
`npm install --save-dev ajv@^7
`
```
Thanks to this answer


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Hostname of host seems inaccessible? Running `docker exec -it prometheus wget -O - http://actual-hostname:9100/metrics` works (and uses my host's LAN IP, 192.168.x.x), but configuring `actual-hostname:9100` as a prometheus target gives an error (`Get "http://actual-hostname:9100/metrics": dial tcp 127.0.1.1:9100: connect: connection refused`). I'm not sure why they're resolving differently.
What I ended up doing is emulating the `host.docker.internal` feature available for docker-on-windows and docker-on-mac, by adding this to my `docker-compose.yml`:
`extra_hosts:
- "host.docker.internal:172.18.0.1"
`
That's very brittle, however: That 172.18 was just recently 172.19; I believe it changed on reboot or docker version upgrade. I'd love to do be able to set the `extra_hosts` to a result of running some script on the host to determine the correct network name, but that wouldn't automatically be re-run on boot.

Any advice?
```

[Assistant]
Late edit: Thanks to thomas, turns out there's a magic host `host-gateway` that does this, so `extra_hosts: ["host.docker.internal:host-gateway"]` should do the trick. undocumented, but apparently it's implemented here. and already live in docker 20.10.6 (and likely earlier).

I ended up solving this by manually configuring the network:
`networks:
 monitor-net:
 driver: bridge
 ipam:
 driver: default
 config:
 - subnet: 172.23.0.0/16
 ip_range: 172.23.5.0/24
 gateway: 172.23.5.254

# ...

services:
 nodeexporter:
 network_mode: host
 # ...
 prometheus:
 networks:
 - monitor-net
 extra_hosts:
 - "host.docker.internal: 172.23.5.254"
`
Then prometheus has the target of `host.docker.internal` for node_exporter, and the address should be stable.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
panic: Error reading level state: strconv.ParseInt: parsing "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX": value out of range

goroutine XXX [running]:
github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-sdk/v2/helper/schema.(*ResourceData).get(...)
github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-sdk/v2@v2.38.1/helper/schema/resource_data.go:694

### Expected Behavior

Terraform plan/apply should work correctly with any GCP resource ID values, regardless of size.

### Actual Behavior

Provider crashes with strconv.ParseInt: parsing "...": value out of range error when reading Terraform state containing resource ID values exceeding int32 maximum (2,147,483,647).

### Steps to reproduce

Create or import a compute disk resource
GCP may assign a resource ID > 2,147,483,647 (int32 max)
Run terraform plan or terraform apply
Provider panics during state refresh

### Important Factoids

GCP uses uint64/int64 for resource IDs
Provider appears to parse these values as int32 in some code paths
Potentially affected fields: disk_id, source_image_id, source_disk_id, and similar ID fields
This is a data type mismatch between GCP API (uint64) and provider parsing logic (int32)

### References

Workaround:
None found. Cannot proceed with terraform operations on affected resources.
```

[Assistant]
Are you using Terraform on a 32bit system or a 32bit executable on a 64bit system? The Terraform install page makes it easy to install a 32-bit executable in particular because of how it's laid out, with the 386 versions of the binaries on the left side. Most users are on 64-bit systems and want the appropriate 64-bit binary:

<img width="1050" height="900" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6a62d3ce-8136-449d-9751-1953b5e52a79" />

Last I recall the issue was actually in Terraform Core/Plugin SDK code and not provider code directly, as Terraform ints ("[TypeInt](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/plugin/sdkv2/schemas/schema-types#typeint)") are treated as system ints internally.

This is _possible_ to mitigate in a provider, but the options aren't great. While we could use a different type for these kinds of fields, the choices from https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/plugin/sdkv2/schemas/schema-types are: `TypeInt` which is a system int, `TypeFloat` with is a `float64`, and `TypeString` which is a string. `TypeInt` -> `TypeString` would be most viable, but that changes the [user-facing type](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/expressions/types#types) of the fields from `number` to `string` with some unknown backwards compatibility impact. So we're left weighing a breaking change that could impact any/all users (and users using modules in particular) vs leaving this broken for 32-bit users. If a `TypeInt64` was available we could presumably readily switch to that, but it's never been added by HashiCorp.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
ESLint - Error: Must use import to load ES Module

I am currently setting up a boilerplate with React, TypeScript, styled components, Webpack, etc., and I am getting an error when trying to run ESLint:

Error: Must use import to load ES Module

Here is a more verbose version of the error:
`/Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/src/api/api.ts
 0:0 error Parsing error: Must use import to load ES Module: /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/eslint/node_modules/eslint-scope/lib/definition.js
require() of ES modules is not supported.
require() of /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/eslint/node_modules/eslint-scope/lib/definition.js from /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/babel-eslint/lib/require-from-eslint.js is an ES module file as it is a .js file whose nearest parent package.json contains "type": "module" which defines all .js files in that package scope as ES modules.
Instead rename definition.js to end in .cjs, change the requiring code to use import(), or remove "type": "module" from /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/eslint/node_modules/eslint-scope/package.json
`
The error occurs in every single one of my .js and .ts/ .tsx files where I only use `import` or the file doesn't even have an import at all. I understand what the error is saying,
```

[Assistant]
I think the problem is that you are trying to use the deprecated babel-eslint parser, last updated a year ago, which looks like it doesn't support ES6 modules. Updating to the latest parser seems to work, at least for simple linting.
So, do this:

In package.json, update the line `"babel-eslint": "^10.0.2",` to `"@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.5.4",`. This works with the code above but it may be better to use the latest version, which at the time of writing is 7.19.1.
Run `npm i` from a terminal/command prompt in the folder
In .eslintrc, update the parser line `"parser": "babel-eslint",` to `"parser": "@babel/eslint-parser",`
In .eslintrc, add `"requireConfigFile": false,` to the parserOptions section (underneath `"ecmaVersion": 8,`) (I needed this or babel was looking for config files I don't have)
Run the command to lint a file

Then, for me with just your two configuration files, the error goes away and I get appropriate linting errors.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Creation of Terraform Variables for Nested Objects

Following is the variable declaration for my terraform module which is used in our cloud and inputs for these variables are obtained via one of the automation solutions. Now, I would like to reproduce one of the issues for which I would like to create a tfvars file from the below variable definition.
variables.tf:
```
`variable "docker" {
 type = object({
 image_name = string
 image_location = string
 docker_ports = object({
 internal = number
 external = number
 })
 rmodelling = object({
 lang = object({
 version = number
 enabled = bool
 policy = object({
 identification = string
 })
 })
 impl = object({
 version = number
 enabled = bool
 policy = object({
 identification = string
 })
 })
 })
 })
}
`
```
I have tried something like this, but for the next nested objected I am not quite sure on how those can be put down. Can someone guide or shed some pointers?
terraform.tfvars:
```
`docker = {
 image_name = "Ubuntu 18.04"
 image_location = "https://registry.jd.com/ubuntu/"
 docker_ports = {
 internal = 80
 external = 443
 }
rmodelling = { ??
???
`
```
```

[Assistant]
An example of a valid value for your `var.docker` is:
```
`docker = {
 image_name = "Ubuntu 18.04"
 image_location = "https://registry.jd.com/ubuntu/"
 docker_ports = {
 internal = 80
 external = 443
 }
 rmodelling = {
 lang = {
 version = 3
 enabled = true
 policy = {
 identification = "test"
 }
 }
 impl = {
 version = 4
 enabled = false
 policy = {
 identification = "test2"
 }
 }
 }

}

`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
I need to copy tables from table storage into a different storage account. When attempting to execute `AzCopy` I'm getting the following exception:

The term 'AzCopy' is not recognized as a name of a cmdlet, function,
script file, or executable program. Check the spelling of the name, or
if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.

I'm connected to the terminal from the portal, and have a powershell prompt:

The issue seems to be with this line:
```
` AzCopy /Source:$SrcTableUrl `
 /Dest:$DstBlobUrl/$TableName `
 /SourceKey:$SrcAccessKey `
 /Destkey:$DstAccessKey
`
```
How do we run AzCopy command in the terminal in the Azure portal?
Here's the full code powershell script that I'm attempting to execute:
```
`# This simple PowerShell script will copy one or more Azure storage table from one location into another azure storage table
#
# Dependencies :
# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-use-azcopy
# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/overview?view=azps-1.6.0
#
# Usage :
# Copy-AzureStorageTable -SrcStorageName "" -SrcAccessKey "" -DstStorageName "" -DstAccessKey "" -IncludeTable All
# Copy-AzureStorageTable -SrcStorageName "" -SrcAccessKey "" -DstStorageName "" -DstAccessKey "" -IncludeTable Table1,Table2,Table3

function Copy-AzureStorageTable
{
 param
 (
 [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
 [String]
 $SrcStorageName,

 [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
 [String]
 $SrcAccessKey,

 [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
 [Str
```

[Assistant]
Azure Portal cloud shell shows to be using AzCopy version 10.6.1 as of 2021.11.10. The ability to copy between tables has been removed after version 7.3.

You need to run the script from a machine where you can download the older version of AzCopy.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Google function Build failed: found incompatible dependencies (Python)

I have a python 3.8 code deployed with google cloud functions and everything was working smoothly until today, but I made few updates to the code and re-deployed my function. Since then I'm getting the below error.

Deployment failure:
Build failed: found incompatible dependencies: "functions-framework 2.1.2 has requirement click=7.0, but you have click 8.0.0."; Error ID: 945b0f01

I also tried to re-deploy the existing the code which was deployed successfully a week ago, but I was still getting the above error. It would be great if anyone can share their thoughts on this error.
Below is my requirements.txt file
```
`pandas >= 1.1.5
fsspec >= 2021.04.0
gcsfs >= 2021.04.0
requests >= 2.23.0
alpaca-trade-api >= 0.51
datapackage >= 1.15
statsmodels >= 0.12.1
sendgrid
`
```
```

[Assistant] Simply include in your requirements.txt the version functions-framework==2.1.2. It looks like during deploy gcp requires this module and by default is going to use the latest version (functions-framework 2.1.3). Thus the incompatibility of versions. I had several cloud functions that I could deploy partly because of this error...among 7 cloud functions 3 would not deploy because of the missing functions-framework 2.1.2 in the requirements.txt


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Kubernetes ingress nginx redirect to https

To redirect any HTTP traffic to HTTPS on tls enabled hosts, I have added the below annotation to my ingress resources
```
`nignx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: true
`
```
With this when I curl the host in question, I get redirected as expected

But when I use a browser, the request to HTTP times out.
Now, I am not sure if it's something I am doing wrong at Nginx ingress conf as curl works?
Any pointers please? Thanks!
complete annotaiotns:
```
` annotations:
 kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx-ingress
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "true"
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: 100m
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "300"
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "300"
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "300"
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: "false"
 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"
`
```
rules
```
` rules:
 - host: hostX
 http:
 paths:
 - backend:
 serviceName: svcX
 servicePort: 8080
 path: /
 - host: hostY
 http:
 paths:
 - backend:
 serviceName: svcX
 servicePort: 8080
 path: /
 tls:
 - hosts:
 - hostX
 - hosts:
 - hostY
 secretName: hostY-secret-tls
`
```
Note:

The curl mentioned is to hostY in the rule above.
HTTPS to hostY via browser works and so cert is valid one.
```

[Assistant]
As @mdaniel have mentioned your snippet shows `nignx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: true` but annotations should be strings. Notice that in your "complete" config, you have both `force-ssl-redirect: "true"` (now correctly a string) and `ssl-redirect: "false"` .
Simply remove annotation `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"` and leave just `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "true"`
Also enable `--enable-ssl-passthrough`. This is required to enable passthrough backends in Ingress objects.
Your annotation should look like:
```
`kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx-ingress
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "true"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: "true"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: 100m
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "300"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "300"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "300"
`
```
If you defined hosts under TLS section they are going to be accessible only using https. HTTP requests are being redirected to use HTTPS. That is why you cannot access host via HTTP. Also you have to specify secret for host `hostX`, otherwise the default certificate will be used for ingress. Or if you don't want to connect to host `hostX` via HTTPS simply create different ingress without TLS section for it.
Take a look: .


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Is deploying a Google Cloud Function with Artifact Registry faster than using Container Registry?

An email I recently received from GCP mentions the transition to Artifact Registry for Cloud Functions.
It claims:

Cloud Functions for Firebase and Firebase Extensions have historically
used Container Registry for packaging functions and managing their
deployment, yet with the change to Artifact Registry, you’ll have the
following benefits:
Your functions will deploy faster.
You’ll have access to more regions.

I cannot find any more information regarding faster deployments, either from official documentation or from user experiences.
Is there any reason to believe Cloud Function deployment will actually be faster, by an appreciable margin? Currently function deployment is glacial, so even a small speedup in percentage terms would shave minutes off deployment times.
```

[Assistant]
I'm personally surprise of that "faster" deployment mention, because, in reality, it won't.
To explain that, you simply have to review the deployment process:

You submit your code
Your code is packaged in a container (with Cloud Build and Buildpack) and stored somewhere (in container registry or artifact registry)
The code is deployed on the target service.

If you take the duration of each step, in percentage you can have:

0.5% (depend on your network)
99% (depend on the build to perform, can take long minutes to compile/minify,...)
0.5% (Even if the container is "big", the petabyte network is wonderful).

So, yes, you have more regions, and, by the way, if you have a large container to deploy, in a non supported region, the data transfer with take more ms, even a few seconds.

All of that to say, yes, you can save few seconds, but it's not always the case.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this postgresql incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
add parameter to dynamic EXECUTE in postgreSQL

I have a procedure which contain this piece of code
```
`SELECT query INTO query FROM temp_table_test WHERE id = whateverId;

EXECUTE query;
`
```
My query variable will contain something like
```
`CALL Someprocedure (withSomeParameters)
`
```
How can i make the parameter dynamic in the first proc as they can change time to time and i can't make them static in the variable ?
in t-SQL there is something with
```
`sp_executesql
`
```
But as I'm very new to postgres I don't know where to start.
```

[Assistant]
assuming you are using pl/pgsql, you can pass parameters with the USING clause;
```
`EXECUTE query USING $1, $2, $3, ...;
`
```
for example;
```
`query = 'SELECT SUM( "field_a" ) FROM "table" WHERE "field_b" = $1 AND "field_c" = $2';
EXECUTE query USING 5, 10;
`
```
this will be equal to:
```
`SELECT SUM( "field_a" ) FROM "table" WHERE "field_b" = 5 AND "field_c" = 10;
`
```