[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this influxdb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
service=scraper tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority

__Steps to reproduce:__
List the minimal actions needed to reproduce the behaviour.

1. Image : docker.io/influxdb:2.7.5 used in OpenShift with Grafana 10.2.4
2. When I start the Pod everything is working well but I have this error : ts=2024-04-04T17:56:16.772948Z lvl=error msg="Unable to gather" log_id=0oMYhyyG000 service=scraper scraper-name="new target" error="Get \"https://influxdb-cp.XXX.com/metrics\": tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority"

It's a private certificate from the PKI of my company, I checked the box "Skip TLS Verify" in influxdb datasource without success.

Thanks for your help
```

[Assistant]
@ilario, I am afraid, the above linked issues and related solutions are addressing other issues.

I am having a very similar issue.
I created a self signed certificate for InfluxDB (including the subjectAltName/SAN).
I created a Scraper in InfluxDB-UI to https://mylocalhostname:8086/metrics and get also the following error:

influxd[15479]: ts=2025-10-12T20:48:04.834025Z lvl=error msg="Unable to gather" log_id=0zYXi28l000 service=scraper scraper-name="Name this Scraper" error="Get \"https://mylocalhostname:8086/metrics\": tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority"
influxd[15479]: ts=2025-10-12T20:48:04.834043Z lvl=info msg="http: TLS handshake error from 192.168.x.200:33546: remote error: tls: bad certificate" log_id=0zYXi28l000 service=http

It looks to me as if the scraper function cannot handle a self-signed certificate. The scraper would need a configuration such as
https-insecure-tls/skip-verify/unsafeSSL.

Would you please investigate.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Python: support logging ExceptionGroup sub-exceptions
 + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
 | File "/home/user/code/work/canopy/guidepost/tg-test/./function_app.py", line 22, in <module>
 | asyncio.run(test_task_group())
 | File "/home/user/.local/share/pyenv/versions/3.12.10/lib/python3.12/asyncio/runners.py", line 195, in run
 | return runner.run(main)
 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | File "/home/user/.local/share/pyenv/versions/3.12.10/lib/python3.12/asyncio/runners.py", line 118, in run
 | return self._loop.run_until_complete(task)
 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | File "/home/user/.local/share/pyenv/versions/3.12.10/lib/python3.12/asyncio/base_events.py", line 691, in run_until_complete
 | return future.result()
 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | File "/home/user/code/work/canopy/guidepost/tg-test/./function_app.py", line 17, in test_task_group
 | async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:
 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | File "/home/user/.local/share/pyenv/versions/3.12.10/lib/python3.12/asyncio/taskgroups.py", line 71, in __aexit__
 | return await self._aexit(et, exc)
 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | File "/home/user/.local/share/pyenv/versions/3.12.10/lib/python3.12/asyncio/taskgroups.py", line 164, in _aexit
 | raise BaseExceptionGroup(
 | ExceptionGroup: unhandled errors in a TaskGroup (4 sub-exceptions)
 +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
 | Traceback (most recent call last):
 | File "/home/user/code/work/canopy/guidepost/tg-test/./function_app.py", line 15, in inner_tas
```

[Assistant]
Thank you for the workaround.

> We can look into perhaps handling sync vs. async exceptions differently.

Yes, I would appreciate that greatly. Would you mind please pointing out where in the code that is handled, so that I may try my hand at a PR? For versions prior to 3.11, y'all could use https://pypi.org/project/exceptiongroup/#formatting-exception-groups, which includes

- traceback.format_exception()
- traceback.format_exception_only()
- traceback.print_exception()
- traceback.print_exc()


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Incorrect plan when using `replace_triggered_by` with `-replace`

### Terraform Version

```shell
Terraform v1.13.4
on linux_amd64
```

### Terraform Configuration Files

```terraform
variable "t" {
 type = string
}

resource "terraform_data" "t" {
 count = 100
 input = var.t
}

resource "terraform_data" "r" {
 count = 100
 input = count.index
 lifecycle {
 replace_triggered_by = [terraform_data.t[count.index]]
 }
}
```

### Debug Output

https://gist.githubusercontent.com/g7r/759be7835d33f6fbc38828f61fdff4f8/raw/03ab3123308cd4ef6f50ef65863923b374e2cc94/tftrace.log

### Expected Behavior

```
Plan: 100 to add, 100 to change, 100 to destroy.
```

### Actual Behavior

```
Plan: 16 to add, 97 to change, 16 to destroy.
```
The numbers vary every time.

### Steps to Reproduce

1. `terraform init`
2. `terraform apply -var t=a`
3. `terraform plan -var t=b -replace 'terraform_data.r[0]' -replace 'terraform_data.r[1]' -replace 'terraform_data.r[2]'`

### Additional Context

`b.ForceReplace` slice obtained from command line arguments is being passed by reference to graph nodes: https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform/blob/v1.13.4/internal/terraform/graph_builder_plan.go#L308

The number of `-replace` arguments matters. If `len(b.ForceReplace) == cap(b.ForceReplace)`, the bug doesn't reproduce.

It doesn't matter which addresses to use for `-replace`. E.g. you can replace 3rd action with:
* `terraform plan -var t=b -replace a.a -replace a.b -replace a.c`
* `terraform plan -var t=b -repla
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
Hi @g7r,

Thanks for filing the issue!
Juts to make sure, the expected outcome here would not be `100 to add, 100 to change, 100 to destroy`, but rather `103 to add, 97 to change, 103 to destroy`. All 100 of `terraform_data.r` will be replaced because of the changes, but 3 of `terraform_data.t` are also being replaced.

While it is a shared slice problem here, I think we can just skip the slice modification altogether. A resource instance can only replace itself, and it can only do it once, so there's no reason to track the other addresses at that point. Carrying all the replace addresses along was just a consequence of the old implementation but not actually useful for anything.

---

I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
 throw new Error(`Invalid env ${name}`);
 throw new Error(`Invalid env ${name}`);
 throw new Error(`Invalid env ${name}`);
Now, the magic starts here - the app starts just fine when ONLY `ConfigModule` is being imported. It will also start without `ConfigModule` and with `require('doting').config()` added. When I add `MongooseModule`, the app crashes because it can't parse env - and the best thing is that exception thrown has nothing to do with env's that are used to create `MONGO_URI`!! I'm getting "`Invalid env JWT_SECRET`" from my parser.
In app.module.ts
```
`import { Module } from "@nestjs/common";
import { ConfigModule } from "@nestjs/config";
import { MongooseModule } from "@nestjs/mongoose";

import { AppController } from "./app.controller";
import { env } from "./common/env";

@Module({
 imports: [
 ConfigModule.forRoot({
 isGlobal: true,
 }),
 MongooseModule.forRoot(env.MONGO_URI), //WTF?
 ],
 controllers: [AppController],
})
export class AppModule {}
`
```
I've honestly just ran out of ideas what could be wrong. The parser worked just fine in my last project (but I haven't used Mongoose so maybe that's what causes issues). Below is my .env file template.
```
`JWT_SECRET=
ENABLE_CORS=
PORT_BACKEND=
DATABASE_HOST=
DATABASE_PORT=
DATABASE_USER=
DATABASE_PWD
DATABASE_NAME=
CLIENT_HOST=
`
```
Thanks for everyone who has spent their time trying to help me ;)
```

[Assistant]
What's happening is you're importing `env.ts` before the ConfigModule has imported and set the variables in your `.env` file.
This is why calling `require('dotenv').config()` works. Under the hood, that's what the ConfigModule is doing for you. However, your call to `ConfigModule.forRoot` is happening after you import `env.ts`, so the `.env` file hasn't been imported yet and those variables don't yet exist.
I would highly recommend you take a look at custom configuration files, which handles this for you the "Nest way":
From the Nest docs, but note that you could also use the `env.ts` file you already have:
```
`// env.ts
export default () => ({
 // Add your own properties here however you'd like
 port: parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 3000,
 database: {
 host: process.env.DATABASE_HOST,
 port: parseInt(process.env.DATABASE_PORT, 10) || 5432
 }
});
`
```
And then modify your AppModule to the following. Note that we're using the forRootAsync so that we can get a handle to the ConfigService and grab the variable from that.
```
`// app.module.ts
import configuration from './common/env';

@Module({
 imports: [
 ConfigModule.forRoot({
 load: [configuration],
 }),
 //
 MongooseModule.forRootAsync({
 imports: [ConfigModule],
 useFactory: async (configService: ConfigService) => ({
 uri: configService.get('MONGO_URI'),
 }),
 inject: [ConfigService],
 });
 ],
})
export class AppModule {}
`
```
As an alternative, you could also just call `require('dotenv').config()` inside your `env.ts` file at the top, but you'll miss out on all the ConfigModule helpers like dev/prod `.env` files.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
ERROR: cannot start nginx as networking would not start on alpine docker image

We are trying to install and run nginx on java based alpine image (`anapsix/alpine-java:7_jdk`) but we are facing below error when we start it
```
`rc-service nginx start
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line 250: can't create /sys/fs/cgroup/net_prio/tasks: Read-only file system
/lib/rc/sh/openrc-run.sh: line
```

[Assistant]
I managed to get Nginx to work within `anapsix/alpine-java:7_jdk` image after seeing this amazing answer.
Here is a working Dockerfile :
```
`FROM anapsix/alpine-java:7_jdk

COPY script.bash .

RUN apk --update add nginx openrc
RUN openrc
RUN touch /run/openrc/softlevel

CMD bash ./script.bash
`
```
and here is the `script.bash` used in `CMD` :
```
`#!/bin/bash

# Tell openrc loopback and net are already there, since docker handles the networking
echo 'rc_provide="loopback net"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# get inside the container bash
bash
`
```
after building the image using `docker build . -t nginx_alpine_java` run the following commands :
`docker run -it -p 80:80 nginx_alpine_java`
now we are inside our container bash
```
`bash-4.3# rc-service nginx status
 * status: stopped

bash-4.3# rc-service nginx start
 * /run/nginx: creating directory
 * /run/nginx: correcting owner [ ok ]
 * Starting nginx ... [ ok ]
`
```
I hope that it will work with you.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this postgresql incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to call DROP USER from pl/pgsql?

How to call `DROP USER` from Pl/PgSql (see example) ?
```
`CREATE PROCEDURE myfunc()
LANGUAGE PLPGSQL AS
$$
DECLARE
 super_users TEXT[];
 ldap_users TEXT[];
 u TEXT;
BEGIN
 super_users := ARRAY(SELECT usename::TEXT FROM pg_catalog.pg_user WHERE usesuper);
 ldap_users := ARRAY(SELECT uid::TEXT FROM ldap_users);

 FOREACH u IN ARRAY ldap_users LOOP
 IF (u <> 'postgres' AND u <> ALL(super_users)) THEN
 DROP USER IF EXISTS u;
 END IF;
 END LOOP;
END;
$$;
`
```
It leads to error that "role u does not exist"...
IMHO PL/PGSQL does not treat `u` as a variable, but as a name. And `DROP USER...` is not SQL but some extension. How to do it? Maybe some system function? Or special syntax to substitute `u`?
EDIT:
My solution (just found):
```
`DECLARE
 stm TEXT;
 ...
BEGIN
 ...
 stm := 'DROP USER IF EXISTS "' || u '"';
 EXECUTE stm;
...
`
```
It seems to work. Maybe there is other solutions? More canonical?
```

[Assistant]
You need dynamic SQL for this:
```
`execute format('DROP USER IF EXISTS %I', u);
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
MongooseError: Query was already executed: Todo.updateOne({ _id: new ObjectId("612df063a8f

I updated mongoose to latest version (6.0.2) and now I'm recieving this error and crush the application whenever `.updateOne()` is executed. But object update inside the database. My code:
`async(req,res) => {
 await Todo.updateOne(
 {_id : req.params.id},
 {
 $set : {
 status : "inactive"
 }
 },
 (updateError) => {
 // if updateError exist
 if (updateError) {
 // print error
 printError(updateError);

 // response the error
 res.status(500).json({
 error : "There was a Server Side Error!"
 });
 } else {
 // if error dose not exist
 // print message
 console.log("|===> 🗂 Data Was Updated successfully! 🗂
```

[Assistant]
Your async/await should look like this:

`async (req,res) => {
 try {
 const result = await Todo.updateOne(
 {_id : req.params.id},
 {
 $set : {
 status : "inactive"
 }
 },
 );
 }
 console.log('success', result)
 res.json({message: "Todo Was Update successfully!", result })
 } catch (err) {
 console.log('error', err)
 res.status(500).json({error:'There was a Server Side Error!'})
 }
}`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this redis incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:19:15.621 # Failed to resolve hostname 'redis-persistent-master-0.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software'
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:19:15.621 # +sdown master mymaster redis-persistent-master-0.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software 6379
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:19:25.633 # Failed to resolve hostname 'redis-persistent-sentinel-1.redis-persistent-sentinel-svc.service-software'
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:19:25.634 # +sdown sentinel 89f6ad0dbb453989e9071edd6ada4ec15ac66c09 redis-persistent-sentinel-1.redis-persistent-sentinel-svc.service-software 26379 @ mymaster redis-persistent-master-0.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software 6379
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:19:25.634 # +sdown sentinel e0e60aafa5fad733a7176e2d4c28d0f6d9106cf5 redis-persistent-sentinel-2.redis-persistent-sentinel-svc.service-software 26379 @ mymaster redis-persistent-master-0.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software 6379
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:19:45.655 # +tilt #tilt mode entered
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:20:05.673 # Failed to resolve hostname 'redis-persistent-sentinel-2.redis-persistent-sentinel-svc.service-software'
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:20:05.763 # +tilt #tilt mode entered
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:20:35.821 # -tilt #tilt mode exited
1:X 21 Aug 2024 16:20:59.379 # +sdown slave redis-persistent-master-2.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software:6379 redis-persistent-master-2.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software 6379 @ mymaster redis-persistent-master-0.redis-persistent-master-svc.service-software 6379
1:X 21
```

[Assistant]
version 6.2.x @ShooterIT
I find that getaddrinfo() still exists in branch unstable
Maybe it can be fixed by solution of [libcares](https://github.com/c-ares/c-ares)
If needed, I can help

---

yes, `getaddrinfo()` is a synchronous blocking call, and it will block the calling thread until the DNS resolution is completed or times out, but i am not sure if we want to involve a new lib to resolve this issue. ping @oranagra


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
ESC S3 Bucket creating with tags fails
Error:
"errorCode": "UnsupportedArgument",
"errorMessage": "The request contained an unsupported argument.",

No bucket created

### Relevant Error/Panic Output

```console
│ Error: creating S3 Bucket (redacted): operation error S3: CreateBucket, https response error StatusCode: 400, RequestID: redacted, HostID: redacted, api error UnsupportedArgument: The request contained an unsupported argument.
```
In CloudTrail it looks like this:
```json
"errorCode": "UnsupportedArgument",
"errorMessage": "The request contained an unsupported argument.",
"requestParameters": {
 "CreateBucketConfiguration": {
 "LocationConstraint": "eusc-de-east-1",
 "xmlns": "http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/",
 "Tags": {
 "Tag": [
 {
 "Value": "redacted",
 "Key": "redacted"
 }
 ]
 }
 },
 "bucketName": "redacted",
 "Host": "redacted.s3.eusc-de-east-1.amazonaws.eu",
 "x-amz-acl": "private"
},
```

### Sample Terraform Configuration

<details open>
<summary>Click to expand configuration</summary>

```hcl
resource "aws_s3_bucket" "redacted" {
 bucket = "redacted"
 tags = {
 redacted = "redacted"
 }
}
```
</details>

### Steps to Reproduce

Try to create a bucket with name & tags in the european sovereign cloud.

In comparison doing so through the UI creates the bucket without tags and then tags in a separate API call.

### Debug Logging

<details open>
<summary>Click to expand log output</summary>

```console

```
</details>

### GenAI / LLM Assisted Development
```

[Assistant]
### Community Guidelines

This comment is added to every new Issue to provide quick reference to how the Terraform AWS Provider is maintained. Please review the information below, and thank you for contributing to the community that keeps the provider thriving! :rocket:

#### Voting for Prioritization

* Please vote on this Issue by adding a :+1: [reaction](https://blog.github.com/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/) to the original post to help the community and maintainers prioritize it.
* Please see our [prioritization guide](https://hashicorp.github.io/terraform-provider-aws/prioritization/) for additional information on how the maintainers handle prioritization.
* Please **do not** leave +1 or other comments that do not add relevant new information or questions; they generate extra noise for others following the Issue and do not help prioritize the request.

### Volunteering to Work on This Issue

* If you are interested in working on this issue, please leave a comment.
* If this would be your first contribution, please review the [contribution guide](https://hashicorp.github.io/terraform-provider-aws/).
* For new resources and data sources, use [skaff](https://hashicorp.github.io/terraform-provider-aws/skaff/) to generate scaffolding with comments detailing common expectations.

---

By the way, just tried not tagging as a workaround, that also doesn't work in the EuSC:
```
Error: listing tags for S3 (Simple Storage) Bucket (redacted): operation error S3 Control: ListTagsForResource, https response error StatusCode: 405, RequestID: redacted, HostID: redacted, api error MethodNotAllowed: The specified method is not allowed against this resource.
```

---

It actually works with 6.22, so #45251 may have actually broken, not fixed this.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
HTTP Stream using Axios (Node JS)

I'm trying to stream price data via HTTP and I use axios to make normal REST API requests, but I don't know how to handle 'Transfer Encoding': 'chunked' type of requests.
This code just hangs and doesn't produce any error so assume it's working but not able to process the response:
```
`const { data } = await axios.get(`https://stream.example.com`, {headers:
{Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`, 'Content-Type': 'application/octet-
stream'}})

console.log(data) // execution hangs before reaching here
`
```
Appreciate your help.
WORKING SOLUTION:
As pointed out from the answer below, we need to add a responseType: stream as an axios option and also add an event listener on the response.
Working code:
```
`const response = await axios.get(`https://stream.example.com`, {
 headers: {Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`},
 responseType: 'stream'
});

const stream = response.data
stream.on('data', data => {
 data = data.toString()
 console.log(data)
})
`
```
```

[Assistant]
FYI, sending the `content-type` header for a GET request is meaningless. The content-type header applies to the BODY of the http request and there is no body for a GET request.
With the `axios()` library, if you want to get direct access to the response stream, you use the `responseType` option to tell Axios that you want access to the raw response stream:
```
`const response = await axios.get('https://stream.example.com', {
 headers: {Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
 responseType: 'stream'
});

const stream = response.data;

stream.on('data', data => {
 console.log(data);
});

stream.on('end', () => {
 console.log("stream done");
});
`
```
Axios document reference here.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Creating parallel-tests-on-selenium-grid_chrome_1 ... error
ERROR: for parallel-tests-on-selenium-grid_chrome_1 Cannot start service chrome: Ports are not available: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:6903: bind: address already in use

ERROR: for chrome Cannot start service chrome: Ports are not available: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:6903: bind: address already in use
ERROR: Encountered errors while bringing up the project.
```

Also, the ports were not selected in order. Below we see ports 6900 and 6909 were bound successfully while port 6903 was marked as being already in use, even though it wasn't.

```bash
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
348b9653600c selenium/node-chrome:4.0.0-beta-3-prerelease-20210422 "/opt/bin/entry_poin…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:6900->5900/tcp, :::6900->5900/tcp parallel-tests-on-selenium-grid_chrome_2
0aeabe873320 selenium/node-chrome:4.0.0-beta-3-prerelease-20210422 "/opt/bin/entry_poin…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:6909->5900/tcp, :::6909->5900/tcp parallel-tests-on-selenium-grid_chrome_3
5f3baf558790 selenium/hub:4.0.0-beta-3-prerelease-20210422 "/opt/bin/entry_poin…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:4442-4444->4442-4444/tcp, :::4442-4444->4442-4444/tcp selenium-hub
```

**Describe the results you expected:**

I was expecting to be able to scale the containers up to the number of available ports in the range 6900-6909 and have Docker free up the ports when bringing the containers down. Ho
```

[Assistant]
Hi @jamesmortensen
I've tried with Docker Desktop 3.5.1 on my Intel Mac and I cannot reproduce the problem.

```
$ docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d --scale chrome=3
Creating network "cli3119_default" with the default driver
Creating selenium-hub ... done
WARNING: The "chrome" service specifies a port on the host. If multiple containers for this service are created on a single host, the port will clash.
Creating cli3119_chrome_1 ... done
Creating cli3119_chrome_2 ... done
Creating cli3119_chrome_3 ... done
```

then
```
docker-compose down
```

and repeated that four times. I recommend to update Docker Desktop to the latest and try again.

---

Thank you @ndeloof for the link. ❤ 🎉

@jamesmortensen Could you check your `docker-compose --version` ? If it shows Docker Compose version 2.0.0-beta.x then we have narrowed down the problem. In that case you could opt out of the Compose V2 in the experimental features in Docker Desktop settings for now.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to fix "unsafe-eval" error with Vue3 for the client-side version?

I'm using Express, cors, and helmet for my app. Vue3 is used on the client-side only and the library file is self-hosted in the public folder. I simply do
```
`
`
```
to add the module to the client-side. The problem is that when I use it, it keeps giving me an `Uncaught EvalError: Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "script-src 'self'"`. This problem started yesterday suddenly, when I started using the helmet and cors modules, and even if I comment out these modules, it still shows the error. What should I fix?
```

[Assistant]
Yes, vue.js uses a piece of code like this:
`// detect possible CSP restriction
try {
 new Function('return 1')
} catch (e: any) {
 if (e.toString().match(/unsafe-eval|CSP/)) {
 warn(
 'It seems you are using the standalone build of Vue.js in an ' +
 'environment with Content Security Policy that prohibits unsafe-eval. ' +
 'The template compiler cannot work in this environment. Consider ' +
 'relaxing the policy to allow unsafe-eval or pre-compiling your ' +
 'templates into render functions.'
 )
 }
}
`
Here you have 2 options:

usage of precompiled templates, see discussion at github.

using a `vue.runtime.js` runtime version instead of `vue.js` full version.

VueJS has 2 different versions: the full version and the runtime version. 'unsafe-eval' is only needed for the full version of VueJS; the runtime version doesn't need it. See details here.
The runtime-only build is fully CSP-compliant. When using the runtime-only build with Webpack + vue-loader or Browserify + vueify, your templates will be precompiled into render functions which work perfectly in CSP environments. See details in Vue CSP environments.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Firebase deploy failed even without changing the function from onCallable to onRequest

Error: [functionName(us-central1)] Changing from a callable function to an HTTPS function is not allowed. Please delete your function and create a new one instead.

Any advice and insight is appreciated.
```

[Assistant]
Which version of Firebase CLI (`firebase --version`) are you using? Last night I updated `firebase-tools` package to 10.3.0 and functions deployment started giving me the error you mention. I downgraded to 10.2.2 and functions deployment started working as before.
Update:
Firebase team confirmed there is an issue with 10.3.0 firebase-tools. They are working on a fix:
https://github.com/firebase/firebase-tools/issues/4307


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
react-native java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found

My React Native mobile application suddenly cannot connect with the backend.
(only android version, iOS works without any problem).
Also I can request the API without problem by using the browser.
This just suddenly happened, when the problem start where were no changes in the server side or in the mobile application, but all android apps stop to connect to the server.
The exception in the mobile application says:
`java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found.`
I have reviewed every answer in Stack Overflow but nothing works so far.
These are the main points:

My mobile app is made with react-native and Expo, the SSL certificated is issued by LetsEncrypt.
The certificate from my API is correct, it works perfectly with iOS and any web browser.
The backend is a `react-js` application running with an `nginx 1.22.1` server.

In the mobile:

I tried another app (api tester) for android and I get the same error trying to communicate with my API. (but again, my ssl certificate seems to be OK).
In my mobile app, I tied to fetch data from a random open API in internet and it works without problem.
I also tried to use `fetch` instead of `axios` but also fails to connect.
I also look how to do an ssl certificate `pinning` as a temporary solution but the problem is that I'm using expo and I didn't find the way to do it with it.

Some r
```

[Assistant]
I managed to make the application connect with my API successfully, but I'm still researching the origin of the problem.
More context:

My mobile application is made by React Native + Expo.
I compiled a version for iOS and another for Android.
The problem just suddenly happened only in the Android
(In all the android devices without have made any change in the mobile app or the server)
iOS can connect with the API without problem
The website can communicate with the API without problem

It seems to be a problem of the library `axios` (specifically `axiosinstance`).
Its weird because I didn't change anything in the android app, it just suddenly stopped to work.
(in all the android devices at the same time).
And just doing tests I realized that `axiosinstance` fail by doing the request (with the exception that I already showed you), but in an inexplicable way if the first request pointing to my API that I do in the app is by using `axios` it works perfectly, and after that `axiosinstance` is capable to perform any request to my API without fail.
I know it sounds weird, but now my app is working again.
By other Side, just to let you know, I also tested an android app called `API Tester v5.6` and it fails connecting to my API giving me the same exception, but it last version `API Tester 5.7` (which was released just some days ago) works without problem.
I also tried to connect to my API with `ApiClient v2.4.7` and it fails with the same exception.
Again, I don't understand what is the real problem but definitely is not the certificate.
Anyway, now you know, maybe I should post this problem to the axios guys?
Regards!


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
What specific syntax or configuration changes must be made in order to resolve the error below in which terraform is failing to create an instance of `azuread_application`?
THE CODE:
The terraform code that is triggering the error when `terraform apply` is run is as follows:
```
`variable "tenantId" { }
variable "clientId" { }
variable "clientSecret" { }
variable "instanceName" { }

terraform {
 required_providers {
 azuread = {
 source = "hashicorp/azuread"
 version = "2.5.0"
 }
 }
}

provider "azuread" {
 tenant_id = var.tenantId
 client_id = var.clientId
 client_secret = var.clientSecret
}

resource "azuread_application" "appRegistration" {
 display_name = var.instanceName
 app_role {
 allowed_member_types = ["User", "Application"]
 description = "Admins can manage roles and perform all task actions"
 display_name = "Admin"
 enabled = true
 id = "1b19509b-32b1-4e9f-b71d-4992aa991967"
 value = "admin"
 }
}
`
```
THE ERROR:
The error and log output that result from running the above code with `terraform apply` are:
```
`2021/10/05 17:47:18 [DEBUG] module.ad-admin.azuread_application.appRegistration:
 apply errored, but we're indicating that via the Error pointer rather than returning it:
 Could not create application: json.Marshal():
 json: error calling MarshalJSON for type msgraph.Application:
 json: error calling MarshalJSON for type *msgraph.Owners: marshaling Owners: encountered DirectoryObject with nil ODataId

2021/10/05 17:47:18 [TRACE] EvalMaybeTainted: module.ad-ad
```

[Assistant]
This was a bug, reported as GitHub issue:

Error: ODataId was nil when creating an azuread_group resource #588

The resolution to the problem in the OP is to upgrade the version from `2.5.0` to `2.6.0` in the `required_providers` block from the code in the OP above as follows:
```
`terraform {
 required_providers {
 azuread = {
 source = "hashicorp/azuread"
 version = "2.6.0"
 }
 }
}
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this postgresql incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
PostgreSQL downgrade password encryption from SCRAM to md5

I need to downgrade password encryption for user postgres from scram-sha-265 to md5.
I've tried modifying pg_hba.conf and postgresql.conf files changing password encryption from scram-sha-256 to md5 but after that I was unable to connect to the database.
I'm using PostgreSQL 13 and PgAdmin 4 v5.
Thanks for any help and suggestion!
PS: I have to do this because RStudio can't manage connections with scram authentication.
```

[Assistant]
I solved following these steps:
Change password_encryption to `md5` in file postgresql.conf
Change the first 3 occurrences of `scram-sha-256` to `trust` in file pg_hba.conf
```
`# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 trust
`
```
Restart postgresql service
Execute `psql -U postgres` (you won't be asked for password)
Change password with command `\password username`
Change the first 3 occurrences of `trust` to `md5` in file pg_hba.conf
```
`# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all md5
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 md5
`
```
Restart postgresql service


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this kubernetes incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Terraform: Error: Kubernetes cluster unreachable: invalid configuration

After deleting kubernetes cluster with "terraform destroy" I can't create it again anymore.
"terraform apply" returns the following error message:

Error: Kubernetes cluster unreachable: invalid configuration: no
configuration has been provided, try setting KUBERNETES_MASTER
environment variable

Here is the terraform configuration:
```
`terraform {
 backend "s3" {
 bucket = "skyglass-msur"
 key = "terraform/backend"
 region = "us-east-1"
 }
}

locals {
 env_name = "staging"
 aws_region = "us-east-1"
 k8s_cluster_name = "ms-cluster"
}

variable "mysql_password" {
 type = string
 description = "Expected to be retrieved from environment variable TF_VAR_mysql_password"
}

provider "aws" {
 region = local.aws_region
}

data "aws_eks_cluster" "msur" {
 name = module.aws-kubernetes-cluster.eks_cluster_id
}

module "aws-network" {
 source = "github.com/skyglass-microservices/module-aws-network"

 env_name = local.env_name
 vpc_name = "msur-VPC"
 cluster_name = local.k8s_cluster_name
 aws_region = local.aws_region
 main_vpc_cidr = "10.10.0.0/16"
 public_subnet_a_cidr = "10.10.0.0/18"
 public_subnet_b_cidr = "10.10.64.0/18"
 private_subnet_a_cidr = "10.10.128.0/18"
 private_subnet_b_cidr = "10.10.192.0/18"
}

module "aws-kubernetes-cluster" {
 source = "github.com/skyglass-microservices/module-aws-kubernetes"

 ms_namespace = "microservices"
 env_name = local.env_name
 aws_region = local.aws_region
 cluster_name
```

[Assistant]
Before doing something radical like manipulating the state directly, try setting the KUBE_CONFIG_PATH variable:
```
`export KUBE_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/.kube/config
`
```
After this rerun the `plan` or `apply` command.
This has fixed the issue for me.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Azure AD Group- Authorization_RequestDenied - Insufficient privileges to complete the operation
But I’m getting the following error:

Error: Creating group "xxxxxxxxxx-administrators"
│
│ with azuread_group.aks_administrators,
│ on 06-aks-administrators-azure-ad.tf line 2, in resource "azuread_group" "aks_administrators":
│ 2: resource "azuread_group" "aks_administrators" {
│
│ graphrbac.GroupsClient#Create: Failure responding to request:
│ StatusCode=403 -- Original Error: autorest/azure: Service returned an
│ error. Status=403 Code="Unknown" Message="Unknown service error"
│ Details=[{"odata.error":{"code":"Authorization_RequestDenied","date":"2022-01-25T04:06:31","message":{"lang":"en","value":"Insufficient
│ privileges to complete the
│ operation."}}}]
```

[Assistant]
Please check the Microsoft Graph permission `Directory.ReadWrite.All` has been provided to the service connection and it has been granted the admin consent.
I tested the same in my environment where I gave the permission to my service principal but didn't grant admin consent like below :

When deploying the below code, it gave me error :
```
`provider "azuread" {}
# Create Azure AD Group in Active Directory for AKS Admins
resource "azuread_group" "aks_administrators" {
 #name = "ans-aks-administrators"
 display_name = "ans-aks-test-administrators"
 description = "Azure AKS Kubernetes administrators for the ans-aks-test cluster."
 security_enabled = true
}
`
```

After granting the permission admin consent it gets resolved :

If the issue still occurs then please add a new secret for the service connection service principal and use the below code :
```
`provider "azuread" {
client_id = "ClientID of the service principal"
client_secret = "ClientSecret"
tenant_id = ""
}

# Create Azure AD Group in Active Directory for AKS Admins
resource "azuread_group" "aks_administrators" {
 #name = "ans-aks-administrators"
 display_name = "ans-aks-test-administrators"
 description = "Azure AKS Kubernetes administrators for the ans-aks-test cluster."
 security_enabled = true
}
`
```


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Running Azure functions locally gives "No runtime" error after .NET7 upgrade

Recently I wanted to upgrade my Azure functions to use .NET 7. For some reasons, after doing all the required steps, when I want to run any of the functions, I keep getting this error message box telling

There is no Functions runtime available that matches the version
project specified by the project

I checked to have the proper settings in the .csproj file:
```
`
 net7.0
 v4
 Exe
 $(MSBuildProjectName.Replace(" ", "_"))
 true
 enable
 true

`
```
Yes, it is spelled with lowercase v for "v4". I checked to have the hosting bundle for .NET7 installed according to my architecture (64-bit Windows) and I restarted the IIS Service after installation. I tried clean-rebuild, reopen Visual Studio, rebooting my compuer and nothing seems to be working. I also have the .NET 7 SDK installed and I am using Visual Studio 2022. If further info is needed, I will update my question accordingly. Thank you!
```

[Assistant]
I eventually found the solution for my case and I will post it here if anyone else faces it. As mentioned in a comment from this Github issue, I had to go to

Tools -> Options -> Projects & Solutions -> Azure functions and click
on the "Check for updates" button.

And then I had to download and install the pending updates.

This seems to have solved my issue. Hopefully this solution will help others too.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
MongooseServerSelectionError: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017 wont get fixed

I've been trying for over 2 hours now trying to figure out what's wrong with this database. I've tried everything. From reinstalling the server, restarting the processes, rebooting and so much more. It keeps giving me this error when trying to connect:
```
`const serverSelectionError = new ServerSelectionError();
 ^

MongooseServerSelectionError: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
 at NativeConnection.Connection.openUri (D:\TheShed\MX_\node_modules\mongoose\lib\connection.js:797:32)
 at D:\TheShed\MX_\node_modules\mongoose\lib\index.js:330:10
 at D:\TheShed\MX_\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\promiseOrCallback.js:32:5
 at new Promise ()
 at promiseOrCallback (D:\TheShed\MX_\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\promiseOrCallback.js:31:10)
 at Mongoose._promiseOrCallback (D:\TheShed\MX_\node_modules\mongoose\lib\index.js:1151:10)
 at Mongoose.connect (D:\TheShed\MX_\node_modules\mongoose\lib\index.js:329:20)
 at module.exports (D:\TheShed\MX_\other\DB\mong.js:4:20)
 at D:\TheShed\MX_\app.js:195:37
 at Object. (D:\TheShed\MX_\app.js:197:3) {
 reason: TopologyDescription {
 type: 'Unknown',
 servers: Map(1) {
 'localhost:27017' => ServerDescription {
 _hostAddress: HostAddress { isIPv6: false, host: 'localhost', port: 27017 },
 address: 'localhost:27017',
 type: 'Unknown',
 hosts: [],
 passives: [],
 arbiters: [],
 tags: {},
 minWireVersion: 0,
 maxWireVersion: 0,
 roundTripTime: -1,
 lastUpdateTime: 1421094,
```

[Assistant] If you are using latest nodejs (v17.x) , update the mongodb url from `localhost` to `127.0.0.1`.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Application Default Credentials in Google Cloud Build

Within my code, I am attempting to gather the Application Default Credentials from the associated service account in Cloud Build:
`from google.auth import default

credentials, project_id = default()
`
This works fine in my local space because I have set the environment variable `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS` appropriately. However, when this line is executed (via a test step in my build configuration) within Cloud Build, the following error is raised:
```
`google.auth.exceptions.DefaultCredentialsError: Could not automatically determine credentials.
Please set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS or explicitly create credentials and re-run the application.
For more information, please see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started
`
```
This is confusing me because, according to the docs:

By default, Cloud Build uses a special service account to execute builds on your behalf. This service account is called the Cloud Build service account and it is created automatically when you enable the Cloud Build API in a Google Cloud project.
Read Here

If the environment variable GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS isn't set, ADC uses the service account that is attached to the resource that is running your code.
Read Here

So why is the default call not able to access the Cloud Build service account credentials?
```

[Assistant]
There is a trick: you have to define the network to use in your Docker build. Use the parameter `--network=cloudbuild`, like that
```
`steps:
 - name: gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker
 entrypoint: 'docker'
 args:
 - build
 - '--no-cache'
 - '--network=cloudbuild'
 - '-t'
 - '$_GCR_HOSTNAME/$PROJECT_ID/$REPO_NAME/$_SERVICE_NAME:$COMMIT_SHA'
 - .
 - '-f'
 - 'Dockerfile'
...
`
```
You can find the documentation here


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
 name: blizzard-bot-exception-policy
 name: blizzard-bot-exception-policy
2. Note the following error in the NIC pod log:
```
2025-04-28 20:37:12.515036: Error: UPGRADE FAILED: failed to create resource: APPolicy.appprotect.f5.com "blizzard-bot-exception-policy" is invalid: spec.policy.blocking-settings.violations[0].name: Unsupported value: "VIOL_BOT_CLIENT": supported values: "VIOL_ACCESS_INVALID", "VIOL_ACCESS_MALFORMED", "VIOL_ACCESS_MISSING", "VIOL_ACCESS_UNAUTHORIZED", "VIOL_ASM_COOKIE_HIJACKING", "VIOL_ASM_COOKIE_MODIFIED", "VIOL_BLACKLISTED_IP", "VIOL_COOKIE_EXPIRED", "VIOL_COOKIE_LENGTH", "VIOL_COOKIE_MALFORMED", "VIOL_COOKIE_MODIFIED", "VIOL_CSRF", "VIOL_DATA_GUARD", "VIOL_ENCODING", "VIOL_EVASION", "VIOL_FILE_UPLOAD", "VIOL_FILE_UPLOAD_IN_BODY", "VIOL_FILETYPE", "VIOL_GRAPHQL_ERROR_RESPONSE", "VIOL_GRAPHQL_FORMAT", "VIOL_GRAPHQL_INTROSPECTION_QUERY", "VIOL_GRAPHQL_MALFORMED", "VIOL_GRPC_FORMAT", "VIOL_GRPC_MALFORMED", "VIOL_GRPC_METHOD", "VIOL_HEADER_LENGTH", "VIOL_HEADER_METACHAR", "VIOL_HEADER_REPEATED", "VIOL_HTTP_PROTOCOL", "VIOL_HTTP_RESPONSE_STATUS", "VIOL_JSON_FORMAT", "VIOL_JSON_MALFORMED", "VIOL_JSON_SCHEMA", "VIOL_MANDATORY_HEADER", "VIOL_MANDATORY_PARAMETER", "VIOL_MANDATORY_REQUEST_BODY", "VIOL_METHOD", "VIOL_PARAMETER", "VIOL_PARAMETER_ARRAY_VALUE", "VIOL_PARAMETER_DATA_TYPE", "VIOL_PARAMETER_EMPTY_VALUE", "VIOL_PARAMETER_LOCATION", "VIOL_PARAMETER_MULTIPART_NULL_VALUE", "VIOL_PARAMETER_NAME_METACHAR", "VIOL_PARAMETER_NUMERIC_VALUE", "VIOL_PARAMETER_RE
```

[Assistant] Resolved on https://github.com/nginx/kubernetes-ingress/commit/85810e62797ff2439bb7521a8b1cada3abbe3950


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this influxdb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Grouping influx data per day using flux

I have been wrangling with a time grouping issue in influxDB using the flux query language. I can illustrate with generated data, one entry per day from 2021-01-01 to 2021-01-05.
```
`import "generate"
data = generate.from(
 count: 5,
 fn: (n) => n + 1,
 start: 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z,
 stop: 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z,
)

data
 |> range(start: 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z, stop: 2021-01-05T05:00:00Z)
`
```
that generates:

_table
_value
_start
_stop
_time

0
1
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z

0
2
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-02T00:00:00.000Z

0
3
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-03T00:00:00.000Z

0
4
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-04T00:00:00.000Z

0
5
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-05T00:00:00.000Z

now I query the data and aggregate per day
```
`import "generate"
data = generate.from(
count: 5,
 fn: (n) => n + 1,
 start: 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z,
 stop: 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z,
)
data
 |> range(start: 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z, stop: 2021-01-05T23:59:00Z)
 |> aggregateWindow(every: 1d, fn: sum, createEmpty: false)
`
```
I get this

_table
_value
_start
_stop
_time

0
1
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-02T00:00:00.000Z

0
2
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-03T00:00:00.000Z

0
3
2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
2021-01-05T23:59:00.000Z
2021-01-04T00:00:00.000Z

0
4
2021-01
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
You simply need to change/add the `timeSrc` parameter in your `aggregateWindow` window function. By default, Flux will use `_stop` as value of the parameter, creating "high" bound windows.
Let's make your example a bit simpler with the time not being exact at day end/start for better illustration: If for instance, it is 22:20 system time, I issue a query with range "-1h" and group by 1h, Flux will create two tumbling time windows: 21:00-22:00 and 22:00-23:00. In fact, Flux detects its range and truncates those global time windows to 21:20-22:00 and 22:00-22:20.
If now, aggregateWindow timeSrc is set to _stop, the time column will be 22:00 and 22:20. [the end of each previously mentioned time windows]. If you chose "_start", the time column will be 21:20 and 22:00.
If you want 21:00 and 22:00 in the above example, I suggest adjusting your range to something like: `range(start: date.truncate(t: -24h, unit: 1h)` which usually also makes more sense that having a first bucket also contains all the data from that bucket.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
from pydantic import BaseModel, GetJsonSchemaHandler, ValidationError
 raise ValueError("Invalid objectid")
A constant error that I'm getting because I'm not creating right the ObjectId type is this
Unable to generate pydantic-core schema for . Set `arbitrary_types_allowed=True` in the model_config to ignore this error or implement `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` on your type to fully support it.
If you got this error by calling handler() within `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` then you likely need to call `handler.generate_schema()` since we do not call `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` on `` otherwise to avoid infinite recursion.
For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.0.2/u/schema-for-unknown-type
And the answer is to declare it as an unknown type, but I don't want it, I want to declare it as an ObjectId.
```

[Assistant]
Generally best to ask questions like this on pydantic's GitHub discussions.
Your solution is pretty close, I think you just have the wrong core schema.
I think our documentation on using custom types via `Annotated` cover this fairly well, but just to help you, here is a working implementation:
`from typing import Annotated, Any

from bson import ObjectId
from pydantic_core import core_schema

from pydantic import BaseModel

from pydantic.json_schema import JsonSchemaValue

class ObjectIdPydanticAnnotation:
 @classmethod
 def validate_object_id(cls, v: Any, handler) -> ObjectId:
 if isinstance(v, ObjectId):
 return v

 s = handler(v)
 if ObjectId.is_valid(s):
 return ObjectId(s)
 else:
 raise ValueError("Invalid ObjectId")

 @classmethod
 def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source_type, _handler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
 assert source_type is ObjectId
 return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
 cls.validate_object_id,
 core_schema.str_schema(),
 serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(),
 )

 @classmethod
 def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(cls, _core_schema, handler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
 return handler(core_schema.str_schema())

class Model(BaseModel):
 id: Annotated[ObjectId, ObjectIdPydanticAnnotation]

print(Model(id='64b7abdecf2160b649ab6085'))
print(Model(id='64b7abdecf2160b649ab6085').model_dump_json())
print(Model(id=ObjectId()))
print(Model.model_json_schema())
print(Model(id='foobar')) # will error
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
nginx "connect() failed (111: Unknown error) while connecting to upstream" error

I have an nginx server that's giving me an error that I can't find any information on. The server is up and running and I believe the underlying site (a Flask app) is also running, but clients receive a generic 500 error. When I look at `/var/log/nginx/error.log`, I see this:
```
`2022/09/04 04:59:52 [error] 1523#1523: *1 connect() failed (111: Unknown error) while connecting to upstream, client: [clients ip], server: mysite.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://[::1]:8000/", host: "mysite.com"
`
```
I have no idea what to do with this. I've searched around and can't find any info on how to dig in deeper or where to look to resolve the issue.
How I got into this state
I'm running the server on Ubuntu on a Linode and wanted to upgrade the OS. To do so, I spun up a new Linode with the latest version of Ubuntu (22.04) and recreated the server from scratch. After getting everything installed, I swapped the IP addresses of the old and new servers to avoid having to redo the DNS records. I'm using CertBot to manage https certificates, so I ran that again and then restarted everything.
At this point, nginx was up and running and happy with my config. Everything looks the same as it did on the old server. But every request is a 500 with the error above.
Any help / pointers to get me back to a working state is very much appreciated!
EDIT: nginx config
```
`server {
 server_name = ww
```

[Assistant]
Ugh. I was a dummy. It was not an nginx error.
I misconfigured something in my Flask site, causing it to throw 500 errors. Because of the misconfiguration, they weren't being logged to the right file, so I didn't realize that was the problem. Fixed the Flask config and the server went back to normal.
Posting my stupidity in case it helps any future searchers who hit the same nginx error.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Upon `terraform apply`, I get an error that:
```
`│ Error: error creating Lambda Event Source Mapping (): InvalidParameterValueException: Unrecognized event source.
│ {
│ RespMetadata: {
│ StatusCode: 400,
│ RequestID: "5ae68da6-3f6d-4adb-b104-72ae584dbca7"
│ },
│ Message_: "Unrecognized event source.",
│ Type: "User"
│ }
│
│ with module.ingest_system["alpegatm"].aws_lambda_event_source_mapping.allow_dynamodb_table_to_trigger_lambda,
│ on ../../modules/ingest_system/dynamo.tf line 39, in resource "aws_lambda_event_source_mapping" "allow_dynamodb_table_to_trigger_lambda":
│ 39: resource "aws_lambda_event_source_mapping" "allow_dynamodb_table_to_trigger_lambda" {
`
```
I also tried `.arn` instead of `stream_arn`but that threw an error too. What else could I try?
I followed the documentation for the trigger:
https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/lambda_event_source_mapping
```

[Assistant]
From the `aws_dynamodb_table` docs, `stream_arn` is only available if `stream_enabled` is set to `true`. You might want to add `stream_enabled = true` to your DynamoDB table definition.
By default `stream_enabled` is set to `false`. You can see all the default values here for `aws_dynamodb_table`.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
If I deploy this cloud function in Project A via `gcloud functions` in my terminal, specifying `--source=https://source.developers.google.com/projects/project-a/repos/my-cloud-function` and `--project=project-a`, it works fine, and the function can successfully import the elements from the package when I call it, but if I deploy this function in Project B instead, I get the following error:
```
`Deploying function (may take a while - up to 2 minutes)...failed.
ERROR: (gcloud.functions.deploy) OperationError: code=3, message=Build failed: `pip_download_wheels` had stderr output:
 Running command git clone -q https://source.developers.google.com/p/project-a/r/my-python-package /tmp/pip-req-build-f_bcp4y9
 remote: PERMISSION_DENIED: The caller does not have permission
 remote: [type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.RequestInfo]
 remote: request_id: "abe4(...)"
 fatal: unable to access 'https://source.developers.google.com/p/project-a/r/my-python-package/': The requested URL returned error: 403
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 128: git clone -q https://source.developers.google.com/p/project-a/r/my-python-package /tmp/pip-req-build-f_bcp4y9 Check the logs for full command output.
`
```
This seems like a permissions issue. However, if I remove the package dependency from `requirements.txt`, it deploys fine, which means that Project B indeed has access to repos from Project A, so it seems like a issue inside Pip. However, Pip has no problems if I deploy to Project A, so I'm a l
```

[Assistant]
Artifact Registry is GA and no longer on Alpha/Beta since last year.
I replicated your issue. The error is indeed due to permissions, it didn't happened on the deployment when you remove the line on the `requirements.txt`, probably because the credentials had access to both projects.
In order to make the deployment correct you have to add the permissions on the repository to the service account that makes the deployment (which is the CF service account) that can be found on `Cloud Functions` - `(select your Cloud Function)` - `Details`, it should be something like `project@appspot.gserviceaccount.com`
Once you have located the service account add it to the Cloud Repository by clicking on `Settings` - `Permissions` and add it with at least the `Source Repository Reader` role


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
│ Error: deleting Resource Group "npdomain-uksouth-domainsharednonprod-rg": the Resource Group still contains Resources.
│
│ Terraform is configured to check for Resources within the Resource Group when deleting the Resource Group - and
│ raise an error if nested Resources still exist to avoid unintentionally deleting these Resources.
│
│ Terraform has detected that the following Resources still exist within the Resource Group:
│
│ * `/subscriptions/<subscription_id>/resourceGroups/npdomain-uksouth-domainsharednonprod-rg/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGatewayWebApplicationFirewallPolicies/waf_policy`
│
│ This feature is intended to avoid the unintentional destruction of nested Resources provisioned through some
│ other means (for example, an ARM Template Deployment) - as such you must either remove these Resources, or
│ disable this behaviour using the feature flag `prevent_deletion_if_contains_resources` within the `features`
│ block when configuring the Provider, for example:
│
│ provider "azurerm" {
│ features {
│ resource_group {
│ prevent_deletion_if_contains_resources = false
│ }
│ }
│ }
│
│ When that feature flag is set, Terraform will skip checking for any Resources within the Resource Group and
│ delete this using the Azure API directly (which will clear up any nested resources).
```

### Expected Behaviour

Terraform should not have received "Destruction complete" response and start deleting the resource group before the resource is actually removed.

```

[Assistant]
This is due to eventual consistency on Azure's side when deleting resources and the endpoint the provider queries to determine whether there are still resources left in the resource group. Resolved by #31253

---

I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nginx incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
And it was failing the validation tests, even though the data was apparently being sent (and it used to pass before the server move).
With some more testing, I found that the request works without error if there is no image in the multipart/form-data request. The issue seems to rely on there being a file attached. Apparently, when and only when there is a file attached, the server reports that no data was sent.
I have two very similar requests, one that is POST and one that is PATCH. I found that with Postman, using the request that is a PATCH, sending it as a PATCH requests results in the same issue -- no data sent. Sending it as a POST request with the field "_method" set to "PATCH" does work, however. The request that is a POST request (to add a new item) works fine without the "_method" field, when set to a POST request.
The POST endpoint is responding as if `http` is not sending a "POST" request (empty data). With the PATCH endpoint, Lumen is responding as if it was a "POST" request.
Here's the difference between Postman and `http.MultipartRequest`:
```
`With POST request:
Postman: POST request + "_method: POST": Works
http: POST request + "_method: POST": No data sent

With PATCH request:
Postman: POST request + "_method: PATCH": Works
Postman: PATCH request without "_method": No data sent
http: POST request + "_method: PATCH": 405 Method Not Allowed (as if it was a PATCH request)
`
```
Again, the properly formed requests work if there is no file attached (and everythin
```

[Assistant]
Recently I was working with sending MultipartFile to our server on MongoDB/HapiJS server. While it worked in postman and with vue web app, I struggled on Flutter to find out why it didn't work.
In our case the solution was rather silly, but it worked:
When sending the file I used MultipartFile.fromBytes(byteData), and after changing it to MultipartFile.fromFile(filePath) it worked.
Could you check this (or other way around) and tell if it works?


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Enhance test quality for internal/states package

### Terraform Version

```shell
v1.13.3
```

### Use Cases

I am a researcher working on software testing, in particular [mutation testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_testing), which evaluates the effectiveness of tests. While Terraform's test suite is comprehensive and of high quality, my experiments uncovered a few situations where simple mutations in the `internal/states` package were not detected by existing tests in that package. I believe these insights can be of value for you. Following the contribution guidelines, I will first describe the problem here and then my suggested solution. I also plan to open a PR with suggested improvements on the tests.

A few important cases in `state.go`, `resource.go`, and `sync.go` are not fully tested. This means that subtle defects in these areas (e.g., incorrect handling of `nil` values, or synchronization issues) could go unnoticed. The end goal is to further strengthen the robustness of Terraform's test suite.

Concretely, my analysis revealed three situations where mutants survive because the test suite does not check certain cases:
1. state.go (`ProviderAddrs`):
```
func (s *State) ProviderAddrs() []addrs.AbsProviderConfig {
 if s != nil { // mutated from "if s == nil"
 return nil
 }
 ...
}
```
The test suite does not check the case of a non-`nil` state, which allows a mutation of the `nil` check to go undetected. I believe the tests in `state_test.go` do not execute
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
Thanks for this feature request! If you are viewing this issue and would like to indicate your interest, please use the 👍 reaction on the issue description to upvote this issue. We also welcome additional use case descriptions. Thanks again!

---

I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this mongodb incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Python mongodb/motor "'ObjectId' object is not iterable" error while trying to find item in collection

I know that there are similar questions, but I've tried everything that was advised and still getting an error. I'm trying to fetch item from mongo collection by id, converting string to an ObjectId, like that:
```
`from bson import ObjectId

async def get_single_template(db, template_id):
 template = await db.templates.find_one({ '_id': ObjectId(template_id) })
 return template
`
```
And I'm getting an error:
```
`ValueError: [TypeError("'ObjectId' object is not iterable"), TypeError('vars() argument must have __dict__ attribute')]
`
```
"template_id" is a valid string, like "601401887ecf2f6153bbaaad". ObjectId created from it - too. It fails only to work inside `find_one()` method. When I'm using `find()` with that id it works well. I've tried `from bson.objectid import ObjectId` too - no difference. I'm using `motor` library to access mongo. Is there something that I'm missing?
P.S. Links to the corresponding docs:
https://pymongo.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html#querying-by-objectid
Though I'm using `motor` async library, I can't find direct examples in it's docs. Basically, it wraps `pymongo`. I can only find examples in other's source code.
```

[Assistant] Well, I've found out what caused that issue. The problem was not in the way I've tried to query data, but in the way I've tried to return it. I've forgotten to convert ObjectId to string in the entity that I've retrieved from database and tried to return it 'as is'. My bad.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Add middleware to all firebase functions in one line / function

In `express` you can add middleware such as `app.use(cors())` which adds it to all of the endpoints, however I can't find something similar in firebase examples. Here is the example (see below) of how to apply it in every function. However I want to apply the middleware (cors or other) globally, as I have many functions.
```
`import * as cors from 'cors';
const corsHandler = cors({origin: true});

export const exampleFunction= functions.https.onRequest(async (request, response) => {
 corsHandler(request, response, () => { return handler(req, res) });
});
`
```
What is the equivalent of `app.use()` in firebase? Is adding and express server the only option?
```

[Assistant]
Use currying to create a handler, you have to repeat it across all the functions, but it's easier than writing the middleware each time:
```
`const applyMiddleware = handler => (req, res) => {
 return cors(req, res, () => {
 return handler(req, res)
 })
}
exports.handler = functions.https.onRequest(applyMiddleware(yourHandler))
`
```
Edit, an example of a more complex middleware:
`const applyMiddleware =
 (handler, { authenticatedRoute = false } = {}) =>
 (req, res) => {
 if (authenticatedRoute) {
 const isAuthorized = isAuthenticated(req)
 if (!isAuthorized) {
 return res.status(401).send('Unauthorized')
 }
 }
 return cors(req, res, () => {
 return handler(req, res)
 })
 }
exports.handler = functions.https.onRequest(
 applyMiddleware(yourHandler, { authenticatedRoute: true })
)
`


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
azure-ai-language-questionanswering-authoring needs linting updates for pylint version 4.0.4

**ACTION NEEDED:** This version of pylint will be merged on **2026-04-13**. The build will begin to fail for this library if errors are not fixed.

**Library name:** azure-ai-language-questionanswering-authoring
**Pylint version:** 4.0.4
**Pylint Build:** [Link to build (2026-02-01)](https://dev.azure.com/azure-sdk/internal/_build/results?buildId=5823231&view=logs&j=87f850b5-cf15-53c6-370a-4be21ee70ec7&t=b33d1587-3539-5735-af43-e3e62f02ca4b)
**How to fix:** Run the `next-pylint` tox command at the library package-level and resolve the linting errors.
1) `../azure-ai-language-questionanswering-authoring>pip install "tox<5"`
2) `../azure-ai-language-questionanswering-authoring>tox run -e next-pylint -c ../../../eng/tox/tox.ini --root .`

See the [Pylint Guide](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/blob/main/doc/dev/pylint_checking.md) for more information.
```

[Assistant] This has been fixed by this PR: https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/pull/44889. Thanks.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
azure-storage-blob<=12.17.0 fails with azure-core 1.36.0

- **Package Name**: azure-storage-blob
- **Package Version**: azure-storage-blob<=12.17.0
- **Operating System**: any
- **Python Version**: any

**Describe the bug**
azure-core removed six as a dependency in version 1.36.0

**To Reproduce**
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
1. Install azure-storage-blob==12.17.0. six is not installed as dependency
2. from azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient -> this immediately raises ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'six'

**Expected behavior**
For azure-storage-blob<=12.17.0, the dependency on azure-core should be locked to version <=1.35.1 to ensure the six module is included.

**Screenshots**
<img width="1747" height="494" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/755438a9-620e-4d75-a25b-caad9acbac17" />

**Additional context**
I did not verify if there are any issues with azure-storage-blob >= 12.18.0
```

[Assistant] Hi @olam-harmonicinc, since you haven’t asked that we `/unresolve` the issue, we’ll close this out. If you believe further discussion is needed, please add a comment `/unresolve` to reopen the issue.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this docker incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
results in an error:
```
service "test1" has environment variable(s) declared.
To avoid leaking sensitive data, you must either explicitly allow the sending of environment variables by using the --with-env flag,
or remove sensitive data from your Compose configuration
```
So far so good, but publishing with `--with-env` doesn't really seem to result in leakage either:
```
SECRET=test docker compose publish localhost:5000/test:latest --insecure-registry --with-env  1 ✘  14:40:46 
? you are about to publish environment variables within your OCI artifact.
please double check that you are not leaking sensitive data
Service/Config test1
TEST=test
Are you ok to publish these environment variables? Yes
[+] push 1/1
 ✔ test1 Skipped 0.0s
[+] 2/2t:5000/test:latest publishing
```

When checking the published data:
```
regctl --host reg=localhost:5000,tls=disabled blob get localhost:5000/test:latest sha256:5868bab8f786242ba43d6604ea68ac5f4509457d6e8bfb3222ee7e85b4b9575f
```
it does not include the env variables:
```
services:
 test1:
 image: nginx:latest
 command: ["${SECRET}"]
 environment:
 TEST: "${SECRET}"
```

The result seems plausible to me, one usually does not want to publish with environment variables interpolated to allow for customization, but what is `--with-env` warning about then?

### Compose Version

```Text
Docker Compose version v5.0.0-rc.2
```
```

[Assistant]
The result indeed is the expected one, i.e the original compose file is published to support full customization by consumer.

This check was introduced with use of local .env file in mind, as some user rely on this to pass security tokens - which they obviously don't want to be made public - so the review step to confirm variables in use. Compose is not clever enough (or designed) to track where a specific variable was resolved for, and as such can't guess you just set `SECRET` on the command line and this has no effect.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this nodejs incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
What type of email should I use for nodemailer to not get blocked

I tried to figure out the problem, but everything was correctly configured. I'm used gmail, but when I deployed my nodejs website, immediately been blocked. After I tried outlook email, a had a few problems to set up, but worked on localhost, and worked on server too. After a day, when I wanted to try, it was blocked too. What type of email should I use, which is free, and working perfectly with nodemailer and not blocking, when someone want to send email when the website is on a server?

`let transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({
 host: "smtp-mail.outlook.com",
 secureConnection: false,
 port: 587,
 tls: {
 ciphers:'SSLv3'
 },
 auth: {
 user: 'example@outlook.com',
 pass: 'xxxx'
 }
 });

 let mailOptions = {
 from: '',
 to: 'example@outlook.com',
 subject: 'Beküldött recept: ' + req.body.recipename,
 text: '',
 html: "",
 attachments: [{
 filename: imageName,
 path: newuploadPath
 }]
 };`
```

[Assistant]
I used Zoho mail and it works fine. Make sure to use the same Zoho email address in the `from` field of `mailOptions` as it will throw an error otherwise.
```
`var transport = nodemailer.createTransport({
 host: 'smtp.zoho.eu',
 port: 465,
 secure: true, //ssl
 auth: {
 user:process.env.EMAIL,
 pass:process.env.EMAIL_PASSWORD
 }
});

var mailOptions = {
 from: process.env.EMAIL,
 to: req.body.email,
 subject: "Subject",
 html: ""
};
`
```
Generally Gmail is not the preferred service to use with Nodemailer since it is targeted at real users and not for automatic/programmed use. See Nodemailer with Gmail for more info. Also here is a list of alternative email services supported by Nodemailer WELL-KNOWN SERVICES.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this gcp incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Error on Firebase generateEmailVerificationLink in GCP Cloud Function

I'm trying to set up a GCP Cloud Function to generate the email verification link using `admin.auth().generateEmailVerificationLink`, but it throws the error:
```
`Error: Credential implementation provided to initializeApp() via the "credential" property has insufficient permission to access the requested resource. See https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup for details on how to authenticate this SDK with appropriate permissions.
`
```
I was able to reproduce this error with the following Cloud Function code:
index.js:
```
`const admin = require('firebase-admin');

admin.initializeApp();

exports.helloWorld = (req, res) => {
 execute(res);
};

const execute = async (res) => {
 const email = 'test@test.com';
 const url = 'https://example.firebaseapp.com';
 const link = await admin.auth().generateEmailVerificationLink(email, { url });
 console.log(link);
 res.status(200).send(link);
};

`
```
package.json:
```
`{
 "name": "sample-http",
 "version": "0.0.1",
 "dependencies": {
 "firebase-admin": "^10.0.2"
 }
}

`
```
My Firebase Admin Service Account (`firebase-adminsdk-XXX@example.iam.gserviceaccount.com`) has the roles:

Firebase Admin SDK Administrator Service Agent
Service Account Token Creator

I also viewed the API Key in Firebase Console, found it in GCP (`Browser key (auto created by Firebase)`, and see that it has the following APIs selected:

Cloud Firestore API
Cloud Functions API
Firebase In
```

[Assistant]
The issue was that because I was deploying the function on GCP (and not through Firebase), the actual service account that runs the function is not the one specified in the Firebase console (`firebase-adminsdk-XXX@example.iam.gserviceaccount.com`), it is instead the App Engine default service account:

At runtime, Cloud Functions defaults to using the App Engine default
service account (PROJECT_ID@appspot.gserviceaccount.com)
Source:
https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/iam#access_control_for_service_accounts

So in this case, the call worked once I gave my account `example@appspot.gserviceaccount.com` the roles:

Firebase Admin SDK Administrator Service Agent
Service Account Token Creator

As a side note, no additional options were needed for `admin.initializeApp()` nor were the Runtime Environment Variables needed.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
Make parallelism a provider-level configuration

### Terraform Version

```shell
1.13
```

### Use Cases

Many TF users are devloping pluings for APIs with various rate limiting and thoughput requirements.
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/apply#parallelism-n is a good solution for these, but asking the end user to remember enabling this flag for this one provider is a bad UX.

### Attempted Solutions

Just asking end users to set https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/apply#parallelism-n for our provider. When they forget to do so, rate limiting errors occur (core issue we're working around) and those can be quite cryptic. It's not clear for them that a flag for TF is required.

### Proposal

I'd like to be able to to bake parallelism into provider level field so the user is not required to set it, but can do so if they want.

Additionally, it would be great if parallelism could be managed on per-resource level but I understand that this would require significant redesign of graph walking algorithm.

### References

- https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/specify-parallelism-for-null-resource/20884
- https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/per-provider-parallelism-options-for-disabling/57479
```

[Assistant]
Hi @ror6ax,

The parallelism flag isn't really meant to be a solution for API rate limits, it is used for the graph walk, applying equally to every object Terraform evaluates. That isn't really something that we would give providers control of, because it affects a great number of things outside of that provider's control, including other providers.

Providers themselves are the only source of what they need for rate limiting, and already have the ability to implement that themselves (some already do). If the provider is setting their own rate limiting, and implementing that rate limiting, how does Terraform need to be involved in the process?

Thanks!

---

I'm going to lock this issue because it has been closed for _30 days_ ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active issues.
If you have found a problem that seems similar to this, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this azure incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
How to embed Image inline in Email Body using Microsoft Graph

I am using a Function app to trigger a mail, using MS Graph API, the mail body text is getting triggered properly but facing issue in rendering the header and footer image shown in picture. How to solve this issue in the body level.

Below are the references of the above images in HTML/Blob file
```
`

 Header.jpg, footer.png
`
```
Code used in rendering the body.
```
` var mailContent = new Message
 {
 Subject = em.Subject,
 Body = new ItemBody
 {
 ContentType = BodyType.Html,
 Content = m.Body,
 ODataType = null
 },
 ToRecipients = toEmails,
 CcRecipients = ccEmails,
 ODataType = null
 };
`
```
EDIT:
Currently facing bad request in Function App after this changes. I am trying to resolve that. If you see any discrepancy in this below code feel free to comment.
```
` var imagePath = @"";
 var imageID = "Header.jpg";//file name
 byte[] imageArray = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(imagePath);
 var imagePath2 = @";
 var imageID2 = "footer.png";
 byte[] imageArray2 =System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(imagePath2);

 var mContent = new Message
 {
 Subject = t.Subject,//parsing from the template
 Body = new ItemBody
 {
 ContentType = BodyType.Html,
 Content = m.Body,
 ODataType = "#microsoft.graph.fileAttachment"
 },
 ToRecipients = toEmails,
 CcRecipients = ccEmails,
 ODataType = "#microsoft.graph.fileAttachment",
 HasAttachments = true,
 Attachments = new MessageAtt
... (truncated)
```

[Assistant]
I write a demo for you , try the simple console app below:
```
`using Microsoft.Graph;
using Microsoft.Graph.Auth;
using Microsoft.Identity.Client;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace sendEmails
{
 class Program
 {
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 var appID = "";
 var appSec = "";
 var tenantID = "";

 IConfidentialClientApplication confidentialClientApplication = ConfidentialClientApplicationBuilder
 .Create(appID)
 .WithTenantId(tenantID)
 .WithClientSecret(appSec)
 .Build();

 ClientCredentialProvider authenticationProvider = new ClientCredentialProvider(confidentialClientApplication);

 GraphServiceClient graphServiceClient = new GraphServiceClient(authenticationProvider);

 var imagePath = @"";
 var imageID = "image1";

 byte[] imageArray = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(imagePath);

 var body = "this is superman ";
 var attachments = new MessageAttachmentsCollectionPage()
 {
 new FileAttachment{
 ContentType= "image/jpeg",
 ContentBytes = imageArray,
 ContentId = imageID,
 Name= "test-image"
 }
 };

 var message = new Message
 {
 Subject = "TEST SENDING IMAGE ",
 Body = new ItemBody
 {
 ContentType = BodyType.Html,
 Content = body,
 ODataType = null
 },
 ToRecipients = new List()
 {
 new Recipient
 {
 EmailAddress = new EmailAddress
 {
 Address = ""
 }
 }
 },
 Attachments = attachments

 };

 graphServiceClient.Users[""].SendMail(message, false).Request().PostAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
 Console.WriteLine("ok");
 }
 }
}
`
```
Result :


[System]
You are an expert DevOps engineer and SRE. Analyze the provided error logs, stack traces, or incident descriptions.

Your response should include:
1. **Root Cause**: What is causing this issue
2. **Severity**: Low / Medium / High / Critical
3. **Fix**: Step-by-step solution to resolve the issue
4. **Prevention**: How to prevent this in the future (optional)

Be direct, specific, and actionable. Reference exact commands, config changes, or code fixes when applicable.

[User]
Analyze this terraform incident and provide diagnosis and fix:

```
how to create a set in terraform

I am trying to create a set to use as an argument in the setproduct function in terraform. When I try:
```
`toset([a,b,c])
`
```
I get an error saying I can't convert a tuple to a list. I've tried various things like using `tolist` and `...` and just having one pair of `()` braces in various places but I still can't get this to work - would anyone know how I can create a set from a,b and c?
```

[Assistant]
`set` must have elements of the same type. Thus it can be:
```
`# set of strings
toset(["a", "b", "c"])

# set of numbers
toset([1, 2, 3])

# set of lists
toset([["b"], ["c", 4], [3,3]])
`
```
You can't mix types, so the error you are getting is because your are mixing types, e.g. list and number
```
`# will not work because different types
toset([["b"], ["c", 4], 3])
`
```