Islamic sciences corpus: 2,607 works across eight sciences
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- LICENSES.md +32 -0
- README.md +192 -0
- SOURCES.md +61 -0
- adab/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- adab/train-00001.parquet +3 -0
- adab/train-00002.parquet +3 -0
- aqidah/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- aqidah/train-00001.parquet +3 -0
- fiqh/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- fiqh/train-00001.parquet +3 -0
- fiqh/train-00002.parquet +3 -0
- fiqh/train-00003.parquet +3 -0
- fiqh/train-00004.parquet +3 -0
- lugha/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- lugha/train-00001.parquet +3 -0
- lugha/train-00002.parquet +3 -0
- passages/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- passages/train-00100.parquet +3 -0
- passages/train-00101.parquet +3 -0
- passages/train-00102.parquet +3 -0
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- rijal/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
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- sira/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- tarikh/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- tarikh/train-00001.parquet +3 -0
- tasawwuf/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- tasawwuf/train-00001.parquet +3 -0
- works/train-00000.parquet +3 -0
- works/train-00100.parquet +3 -0
- works/train-00101.parquet +3 -0
LICENSES.md
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# Credits and terms
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## The texts
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Every work in this corpus is **public domain**. The gate is the author's death
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year, taken from the canonical work identifier: a work is admitted only if its
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author died by **1350 AH (1931 CE)**, which clears life-plus-seventy in every
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jurisdiction. The latest author present is صالح بن محمد اللحيدان (d.
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1350 AH / 1931 CE). Works whose
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authors died later were not included by reference either — they were simply
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left out.
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Distribution of works by the author's Hijri century: 1c: 57, 2c: 45, 3c: 182, 4c: 242, 5c: 259, 6c: 243, 7c: 254, 8c: 403, 9c: 222, 10c: 240, 11c: 107, 12c: 72, 13c: 162, 14c: 119.
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## The transcriptions
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The texts reached us as machine-readable files from the **Open Islamicate Texts
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Initiative**, release 2025.1.9, which is licensed **CC BY-NC-SA 4.0**. That
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licence travels with the data: reuse of this dataset must remain
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**non-commercial**, must **preserve attribution**, and must be shared under
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**the same licence**. This is the binding term for the dataset as a whole, and
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it is stricter than the public-domain status of the underlying works.
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Printed editions, where the source records one, are named per work in the
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`edition` column of the `works` config rather than repeated here.
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## Removal
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A removal-on-request statement is not treated as permission to redistribute a
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copyrighted full text, and nothing here relies on one. If you nevertheless hold
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rights to something in this corpus, open a discussion on the **Community** tab
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and it will be removed promptly and without argument.
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README.md
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---
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license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
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pretty_name: "islamlab — The Islamic Sciences Corpus"
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language:
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- ar
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task_categories:
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- text-generation
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- text-retrieval
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- question-answering
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size_categories:
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- 1M<n<10M
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tags:
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- islam
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- arabic
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- classical-arabic
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- fiqh
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- sirah
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- hadith-sciences
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- tasawwuf
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- islamic-history
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- arabic-linguistics
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- retrieval
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configs:
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- config_name: works
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default: true
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: works/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: sira
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: sira/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: fiqh
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: fiqh/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: aqidah
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: aqidah/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: rijal
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: rijal/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: tasawwuf
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: tasawwuf/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: tarikh
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: tarikh/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: lugha
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: lugha/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: adab
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: adab/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: passages
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: passages/train-*.parquet
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---
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# islamlab — The Islamic Sciences Corpus
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The Islamic sciences **other than Qur'an and hadith**, as their authors wrote
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them: **2,607 works** by scholars who died between the
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1st and the 14th Hijri century, cut along their own chapter
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and biographical-entry boundaries into **1,082,833 units**
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(1.68 billion characters of Arabic), each carrying the volume and
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page it sits on so a quotation can be cited rather than merely produced.
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> Scope is **Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamāʿah**, and the gate is the author, not the
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> title. A work enters only if its author died by 1350 AH, so every text here
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> is in the public domain and is carried verbatim.
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islamlab is a volunteer effort. Our aim is to present these works carefully and
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at high quality, and to help them travel faithfully — in the spirit in which
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they were written — not to claim them as ours. Who to thank, and what we
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consulted without ever quoting, is set out in [`SOURCES.md`](SOURCES.md).
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## Subsets
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| config | science | works | units | chars |
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|---|---|---:|---:|---:|
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| `sira` | Sīrah | 65 | 19,653 | 49M |
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| `fiqh` | Fiqh | 653 | 230,858 | 733M |
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| `aqidah` | ʿAqīdah | 279 | 13,637 | 67M |
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| `rijal` | Rijāl | 512 | 463,584 | 319M |
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| `tasawwuf` | Taṣawwuf | 220 | 16,823 | 77M |
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| `tarikh` | Tārīkh | 181 | 125,576 | 146M |
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| `lugha` | Lughah | 293 | 166,855 | 168M |
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| `adab` | Adab | 404 | 45,847 | 125M |
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| `works` | bibliographic spine | 2,607 | — | — |
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| `passages` | retrieval chunks | — | 1,743,756 | — |
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## The eight shelves
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**`sira` — Sīrah.** The life of the Prophet, his described character, and the Companions around him. Among the largest: *جامع الآثار في السير ومولد المختار* — ابن ناصر الدين (d. 842); *شرف المصطفى* — عبد الملك بن محمد بن إبراهيم النيسابوري الخركوشي، أبو سعد (d. 407); *شرح الشفا* — علي بن (سلطان) محمد، أبو الحسن نور الدين الملا الهروي القاري (d. 1014); *زاد المعاد في هدي خير العباد* — ابن القيم الجوزية (d. 751).
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**`fiqh` — Fiqh.** The law and its theory — the four schools, legal maxims, fatwa collections, judgeship and governance. Among the largest: *لوامع الدرر في هتك أستار المختصر* — محمد بن محمد سالم المجلسي الشنقيطي (d. 1302); *كتب ورسائل وفتاوى شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية* — ابن تيمية (d. 728); *الحاوي الكبير في فقه مذهب الإمام الشافعي وهو شرح مختصر المزني* — الماوردي (d. 450); *بحر المذهب (في فروع المذهب الشافعي)* — عبد الواحد الروياني (d. 502).
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**`aqidah` — ʿAqīdah.** Creed, the schools and sects, and the refutations written between them. Among the largest: *العواصم والقواصم في الذب عن سنة أبي القاسم* — ابن الوزير (d. 840); *درء التعارض* — ابن تيمية (d. 728); *المنهاج في شعب الإيمان* — أبو عبد الله الحليمي (d. 403); *الفصل في الملل والأهواء والنحل* — ابن حزم (d. 456).
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**`rijal` — Rijāl.** The sciences *about* hadith — narrator criticism, hidden defects, terminology, takhrīj, and the biographical dictionaries they rest on. Among the largest: *مختصر تاريخ دمشق لابن عساكر* — ابن منظور (d. 711); *إتحاف المهرة بالفوائد المبتكرة من أطراف العشرة* — ابن حجر العسقلان�� (d. 852); *الأغاني* — أبو الفرج الاصبهاني (d. 362); *النكت الظراف على الأطراف* — المزي (d. 742).
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**`tasawwuf` — Taṣawwuf.** Sober spiritual discipline, ethics, heart-softening literature and litanies. Among the largest: *اتحاف السادة المتقين بشرح إحياء علوم الدين* — الزبيدي، مرتضى (d. 1205); *إحياء علوم الدين* — الغزالي (d. 505); *حسن التنبه لما ورد في التشبه* — نجم الدين محمد الغزي (d. 1061); *الفتوحات الربانية على الأذكار النواوية* — ابن علان (d. 1057).
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**`tarikh` — Tārīkh.** Chronicles, city histories, geography and travel. Among the largest: *مرآة الزمان* — سبط ابن الجوزي (d. 654); *المنتظم في تاريخ الملوك والأمم* — ابن الجوزي (d. 597); *مسالك الأبصار في ممالك الأمصار* — ابن فضل الله العمري (d. 749); *بغية الطلب في تاريخ حلب* — ابن العديم (d. 660).
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**`lugha` — Lughah.** The Arabic language sciences — grammar, morphology, rhetoric, and the great lexicons. Among the largest: *تهذيب اللغة* — أبو منصور الأزهري (d. 370); *تمهيد القواعد بشرح تسهيل الفوائد* — المعروف بناظر الجيش (d. 778); *المحكم والمحيط الأعظم* — ابن سيده المرسي (d. 458); *شرح ألفية ابن مالك للشاطبي = المقاصد الشافية* — ابراهيم بن موسى الغرناطي الشاطبي (d. 790).
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**`adab` — Adab.** Letters and poetry, from the pre-Islamic dīwāns to the chancery anthologies. Among the largest: *صبح الأعشى في صناعة الانشاء* — القلقشندي، الفزاريو الشافعي (d. 821); *الدر الفريد وبيت القصيد* — محمد بن أيدمر (d. 710); *حاشية الدسوقي على مختصر المعاني* — محمد بن أحمد الدسوقي (d. 1230); *التذكرة الحمدونية* — ابن حمدون محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن علي (d. 562).
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## How the rows are shaped
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- **`works`** is the spine: one row per work, carrying `work_id`, our
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`category` and `subcategory`, `madhhab` where the work declares one, the
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Arabic and transliterated title and author, the author's death year in both
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calendars, and the size of the text. Everything else joins to it on
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`work_id`.
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- **The eight science configs** hold the text. A row is one heading-delimited
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unit: `heading` and `heading_path` place it in the book, `kind` says whether
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it is a `section` or a biographical `entry`, and `page_start` / `page_end`
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anchor it in the printed edition. `markers` carries the structural flags the
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source records about that heading — `auto` and `check` say how the heading
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was found, `bio_man` / `bio_wom` / `dic_top` / `dic_lex` / `dic_nis` /
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`dic_bib` say what kind of entry it opens, and `paratext` / `editor` warn
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that the block is the modern edition's apparatus rather than the author's
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text. Filter on it or ignore it; it is never mixed into the Arabic.
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| 134 |
+
- **`passages`** is the same text re-cut to ~1,200 characters on sentence
|
| 135 |
+
boundaries for retrieval, each chunk carrying a ready Arabic `citation` and
|
| 136 |
+
the `unit_id` it came from.
|
| 137 |
+
|
| 138 |
+
The Arabic itself is untouched: continuation lines are rejoined, page stamps
|
| 139 |
+
and editorial flags are lifted into their own columns, whitespace is collapsed,
|
| 140 |
+
and no letter or vowel is altered. The one substitution is notational — where
|
| 141 |
+
the source brackets a Qur'anic quotation with its own ASCII markers, the text
|
| 142 |
+
carries **﴿ ﴾** instead, which is how Arabic prints it. There is no
|
| 143 |
+
search-normalised copy; strip the diacritics yourself if your retriever wants
|
| 144 |
+
them gone.
|
| 145 |
+
|
| 146 |
+
```python
|
| 147 |
+
from datasets import load_dataset
|
| 148 |
+
|
| 149 |
+
fiqh = load_dataset("islamlab/islamic-sciences", "fiqh", split="train")
|
| 150 |
+
works = load_dataset("islamlab/islamic-sciences", "works", split="train")
|
| 151 |
+
```
|
| 152 |
+
|
| 153 |
+
## Where this sits
|
| 154 |
+
|
| 155 |
+
Three organisations, three gates; a work belongs to exactly one of them.
|
| 156 |
+
|
| 157 |
+
| Dataset family | What it holds |
|
| 158 |
+
|---|---|
|
| 159 |
+
| [`quranlab/*`](https://huggingface.co/quranlab) | Qur'an, translations, tafsīr, qirā'āt, hadith text and its commentary, recitation |
|
| 160 |
+
| [`risaleinur/*`](https://huggingface.co/risaleinur) | The Risale-i Nur corpus and its derivatives |
|
| 161 |
+
| **`islamlab/*`** | **Every other Islamic science** — this dataset |
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
The line that matters most in practice: hadith *text* belongs to
|
| 164 |
+
[`quranlab/hadith`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/quranlab/hadith); the
|
| 165 |
+
sciences built *about* that text — narrator criticism, ʿilal, muṣṭalaḥ,
|
| 166 |
+
takhrīj — are the `rijal` config here.
|
| 167 |
+
|
| 168 |
+
## Notes
|
| 169 |
+
|
| 170 |
+
- Keys are stable: `work_id`, `unit_id` (`{work_id}:{seq}`), `passage_id`.
|
| 171 |
+
- `subcategory` and `madhhab` are empty where the work does not declare one.
|
| 172 |
+
An empty cell means we do not know, never that the answer is "none".
|
| 173 |
+
- Corrections, additions and removal requests are welcome on the **Community**
|
| 174 |
+
tab, and are acted on promptly.
|
| 175 |
+
|
| 176 |
+
## License
|
| 177 |
+
|
| 178 |
+
The works are public domain; the machine-readable transcriptions they reached
|
| 179 |
+
us through are licensed **CC BY-NC-SA 4.0**, so this dataset carries the same
|
| 180 |
+
terms — attribute, keep it non-commercial, share alike. The details are in
|
| 181 |
+
[`LICENSES.md`](LICENSES.md) and the credits in [`SOURCES.md`](SOURCES.md).
|
| 182 |
+
|
| 183 |
+
## Citation
|
| 184 |
+
|
| 185 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 186 |
+
@misc{islamlab_islamic_sciences,
|
| 187 |
+
title = {islamlab — The Islamic Sciences Corpus},
|
| 188 |
+
author = {islamlab contributors},
|
| 189 |
+
year = {2026},
|
| 190 |
+
howpublished = {Hugging Face Datasets}
|
| 191 |
+
}
|
| 192 |
+
```
|
SOURCES.md
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
# Sources — islamlab, The Islamic Sciences Corpus
|
| 2 |
+
|
| 3 |
+
islamlab is a volunteer effort. Our aim is to present these sources carefully
|
| 4 |
+
and at high quality, and to help them travel faithfully — in the spirit in
|
| 5 |
+
which they were written — not to claim them as ours.
|
| 6 |
+
|
| 7 |
+
None of this is ours. Every work here belongs to the scholar who wrote it and
|
| 8 |
+
to the people who took the trouble to make it readable by a machine — often
|
| 9 |
+
quietly, for years, without being asked. What we did was select, sort, segment
|
| 10 |
+
and check. What follows is who to thank.
|
| 11 |
+
|
| 12 |
+
## The project this corpus rests on
|
| 13 |
+
|
| 14 |
+
- **[Open Islamicate Texts Initiative (OpenITI)](https://openiti.org)** — The
|
| 15 |
+
machine-readable corpus of premodern Islamicate texts, pinned here to release
|
| 16 |
+
**2025.1.9**, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Every text in this dataset was read
|
| 17 |
+
out of that release and nowhere else. OpenITI is led from the Aga Khan
|
| 18 |
+
University (ISMC), the University of Vienna, Leipzig University and the
|
| 19 |
+
Roshan Institute at the University of Maryland, with support from the KITAB
|
| 20 |
+
project and the Qatar National Library.
|
| 21 |
+
|
| 22 |
+
The works themselves are older than any of us and belong to their authors —
|
| 23 |
+
al-Ghazālī, al-Māwardī, Ibn Ḥajar, al-Mizzī, al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Sīdah and the
|
| 24 |
+
rest. Where a printed edition stands behind a text, it is named per work in the
|
| 25 |
+
`edition` column of the `works` config.
|
| 26 |
+
|
| 27 |
+
## Consulted, but never quoted
|
| 28 |
+
|
| 29 |
+
Some things we read carefully and published nothing from. They told us what a
|
| 30 |
+
work is and which shelf it belongs on, and then we set them down. We name them
|
| 31 |
+
because using something and reproducing it are different acts, and both should
|
| 32 |
+
be said out loud.
|
| 33 |
+
|
| 34 |
+
- **Library catalogue headings** carried in the OpenITI metadata (al-Maktaba
|
| 35 |
+
al-Shāmila, al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr, Brockelmann's *GAL*) — these decided which of
|
| 36 |
+
the eight sciences a work was filed under when its genre tags were silent.
|
| 37 |
+
Not one of those headings is in the data; they never became a column, a row
|
| 38 |
+
or a source line.
|
| 39 |
+
- **[TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr)** — Our first
|
| 40 |
+
stop when we needed to be sure who an author was, when he died, and where he
|
| 41 |
+
stood. Read, never reproduced. It is what let us separate Qāḍī Abū Bakr Ibn
|
| 42 |
+
al-ʿArabī (d. 543, Mālikī) from Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638), and keep the first.
|
| 43 |
+
|
| 44 |
+
## What we left out, on purpose
|
| 45 |
+
|
| 46 |
+
The gate is described in the card; the machine-readable form of it lives in
|
| 47 |
+
`data/banned.json` in our build repository, with a written reason beside every
|
| 48 |
+
exclusion. In summary: material outside Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamāʿah, the
|
| 49 |
+
Hellenistic philosophers, non-Muslim and orientalist authors, anything whose
|
| 50 |
+
author died after 1350 AH, and anything that belongs to
|
| 51 |
+
[`quranlab/*`](https://huggingface.co/quranlab) or
|
| 52 |
+
[`risaleinur/*`](https://huggingface.co/risaleinur) instead.
|
| 53 |
+
|
| 54 |
+
## If we got something wrong
|
| 55 |
+
|
| 56 |
+
If you hold rights to a work here, or we have credited someone poorly, or we
|
| 57 |
+
have put a scholar on the wrong side of the gate, write to us on the
|
| 58 |
+
**Community** tab of
|
| 59 |
+
[`islamlab/islamic-sciences`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/islamlab/islamic-sciences).
|
| 60 |
+
A removal request is honoured promptly and without argument; a correction is
|
| 61 |
+
welcomed with thanks.
|
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