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- ---
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- license: mit
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- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ---
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+ license: mit
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ dataset_info:
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+ - name: Orthoformer
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+ description: Large-scale datasets for training and evaluating the Orthoformer foundation model for orthology and protein family representation learning.
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+ config_name: default
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+ splits:
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+ - name: foundation_model_dataset
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+ num_examples: 3000000
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+ - name: Downstream_Tasks_dataset
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+ - name: Orthoformer_eval_dataset
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+ tags:
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+ - protein
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+ - orthology
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+ - foundation-model
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+ - bioinformatics
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+ - embeddings
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Orthoformer Datasets
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿ“Œ Overview
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+
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+ **Orthoformer** is a large-scale genomics dataset designed to support **function-centric foundation modeling** of microbial and viral genomes.
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+
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+ Unlike conventional sequence-based models that infer biological roles from nucleotide or protein context, Orthoformer represents each genome by its **orthologous group composition and abundance**, treating **functional units rather than sequences** as the basic biological vocabulary.
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+
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+ The dataset was constructed from approximately **three million prokaryotic and viral genomes**, each encoded as a high-dimensional functional profile capturing:
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+
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+ - biochemical identity
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+ - gene family dynamics
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+ - evolutionary conservation
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+ - pathway-scale metabolic capacity
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+
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+ These representations enable learning a **functional embedding space** that provides an **alignment-free measure of genomic similarity**, supporting robust taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis, and detection of functional convergence across microbial lineages.
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+
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+ The same functional embeddings generalize beyond evolutionary structure to predict:
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+
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+ - biosynthetic gene cluster abundance
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+ - ecological niche differentiation
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+ - organism-level phenotypes
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+ - marker-gene associations
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+
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+ Together, the Orthoformer dataset establishes a **function-first framework for microbial genomics**, offering a scalable alternative to sequence-centric datasets for studying microbial evolution, function, and ecology.
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+
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿ“‚ Dataset Structure
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+
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+ The repository is organized into three functional splits:
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+
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+ | Split | Purpose | Description |
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+ |------|--------|-------------|
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+ | `foundation_model_dataset` | Pretraining | Large-scale collection of microbial and viral genomes represented by orthologous group composition and abundance, used for self-supervised function-centric foundation model training |
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+ | `Downstream_Tasks_dataset` | Fine-tuning | Labeled genome-level datasets for functional, metabolic, and ecological prediction tasks, including niche, biosynthetic capacity, and phenotype inference |
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+ | `Orthoformer_eval_dataset` | Evaluation | Benchmark datasets for evaluating functional embeddings on taxonomy, phylogeny, functional convergence, and biological consistency |
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿ“Š Dataset Statistics
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+
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+ | Split | Size | Max Sequence Length |
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+ |------|------|--------------------|
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+ | foundation_model_dataset | ~3M sequences | 2048 |
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+ | Downstream_Tasks_dataset | Task dependent | Task dependent |
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+ | Orthoformer_eval_dataset | Benchmarks | Task dependent |
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿš€ Accessing the Dataset
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+
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+ You can download the dataset via Hugging Face using **Git + Xet (recommended for large files)**:
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ # Install git-xet (Linux)
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+ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/huggingface/xet-core/main/git_xet/install.sh | sh
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+ git xet install
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+
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+ # Clone the dataset
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+ git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/jackkuo/Orthoformer
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+ ````
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+
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+ If you only want the metadata without large files:
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ GIT_LFS_SKIP_SMUDGE=1 git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/jackkuo/Orthoformer
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+ ```
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿงฌ Intended Use
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+
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+ The Orthoformer dataset is intended for training and evaluating **foundation models for microbial functional genomics**, including:
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+
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+ - Functional embedding of microbial and viral genomes
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+ - Alignment-free phylogeny and taxonomy
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+ - Functional convergence and evolutionary analysis
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+ - Metabolic and pathway-level phenotype prediction
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+ - Biosynthetic gene cluster and ecological niche inference
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+
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+ It is specifically designed for **function-centric modeling**, where orthologous gene groups are treated as the fundamental representation units instead of raw nucleotide or amino acid sequences.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿ“œ License
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+
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+ This dataset is released under the **MIT License**.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿ“– Citation
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+
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+ If you use this dataset, please cite:
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @dataset{xxx,
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+ title = {Orthoformer: xxx},
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+ author = {xxx},
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+ year = {2025},
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ๐Ÿ”— Related Resources
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+
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+ * **Model**: [https://huggingface.co/jackkuo/Orthoformer](https://huggingface.co/jackkuo/Orthoformer)
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+ * **Code**: [https://github.com/JackKuo666/Orthoformer](https://github.com/JackKuo666/Orthoformer)
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+
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+ ---