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license: mit
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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dataset_info:
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- name: Orthoformer
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description: Large-scale datasets for training and evaluating the Orthoformer foundation model for orthology and protein family representation learning.
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config_name: default
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splits:
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- name: foundation_model_dataset
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num_examples: 3000000
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- name: Downstream_Tasks_dataset
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- name: Orthoformer_eval_dataset
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tags:
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- protein
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- orthology
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- foundation-model
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- bioinformatics
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- embeddings
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---
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# Orthoformer Datasets
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## ๐ Overview
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**Orthoformer** is a large-scale genomics dataset designed to support **function-centric foundation modeling** of microbial and viral genomes.
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Unlike conventional sequence-based models that infer biological roles from nucleotide or protein context, Orthoformer represents each genome by its **orthologous group composition and abundance**, treating **functional units rather than sequences** as the basic biological vocabulary.
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The dataset was constructed from approximately **three million prokaryotic and viral genomes**, each encoded as a high-dimensional functional profile capturing:
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- biochemical identity
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- gene family dynamics
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- evolutionary conservation
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- pathway-scale metabolic capacity
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These representations enable learning a **functional embedding space** that provides an **alignment-free measure of genomic similarity**, supporting robust taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis, and detection of functional convergence across microbial lineages.
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The same functional embeddings generalize beyond evolutionary structure to predict:
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- biosynthetic gene cluster abundance
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- ecological niche differentiation
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- organism-level phenotypes
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- marker-gene associations
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Together, the Orthoformer dataset establishes a **function-first framework for microbial genomics**, offering a scalable alternative to sequence-centric datasets for studying microbial evolution, function, and ecology.
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---
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## ๐ Dataset Structure
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The repository is organized into three functional splits:
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| Split | Purpose | Description |
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|------|--------|-------------|
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| `foundation_model_dataset` | Pretraining | Large-scale collection of microbial and viral genomes represented by orthologous group composition and abundance, used for self-supervised function-centric foundation model training |
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| `Downstream_Tasks_dataset` | Fine-tuning | Labeled genome-level datasets for functional, metabolic, and ecological prediction tasks, including niche, biosynthetic capacity, and phenotype inference |
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| `Orthoformer_eval_dataset` | Evaluation | Benchmark datasets for evaluating functional embeddings on taxonomy, phylogeny, functional convergence, and biological consistency |
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---
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## ๐ Dataset Statistics
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| Split | Size | Max Sequence Length |
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|------|------|--------------------|
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| foundation_model_dataset | ~3M sequences | 2048 |
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| Downstream_Tasks_dataset | Task dependent | Task dependent |
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| Orthoformer_eval_dataset | Benchmarks | Task dependent |
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---
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## ๐ Accessing the Dataset
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You can download the dataset via Hugging Face using **Git + Xet (recommended for large files)**:
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```bash
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# Install git-xet (Linux)
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curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/huggingface/xet-core/main/git_xet/install.sh | sh
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git xet install
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# Clone the dataset
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git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/jackkuo/Orthoformer
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````
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If you only want the metadata without large files:
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```bash
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GIT_LFS_SKIP_SMUDGE=1 git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/jackkuo/Orthoformer
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```
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---
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## ๐งฌ Intended Use
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The Orthoformer dataset is intended for training and evaluating **foundation models for microbial functional genomics**, including:
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- Functional embedding of microbial and viral genomes
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- Alignment-free phylogeny and taxonomy
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- Functional convergence and evolutionary analysis
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- Metabolic and pathway-level phenotype prediction
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- Biosynthetic gene cluster and ecological niche inference
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It is specifically designed for **function-centric modeling**, where orthologous gene groups are treated as the fundamental representation units instead of raw nucleotide or amino acid sequences.
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---
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## ๐ License
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This dataset is released under the **MIT License**.
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---
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## ๐ Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@dataset{xxx,
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title = {Orthoformer: xxx},
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author = {xxx},
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year = {2025},
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}
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```
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---
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## ๐ Related Resources
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* **Model**: [https://huggingface.co/jackkuo/Orthoformer](https://huggingface.co/jackkuo/Orthoformer)
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* **Code**: [https://github.com/JackKuo666/Orthoformer](https://github.com/JackKuo666/Orthoformer)
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---
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