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rec-1-en
en
The purpose of this Regulation is to improve the functioning of the internal market by laying down a uniform legal framework in particular for the development, the placing on the market, the putting into service and the use of artificial intelligence systems (AI systems) in the Union, in accordance with Union values, t...
recital
Recital (1) AI Act
rec:1
null
null
null
null
null
1
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-2-en
en
This Regulation should be applied in accordance with the values of the Union enshrined as in the Charter, facilitating the protection of natural persons, undertakings, democracy, the rule of law and environmental protection, while boosting innovation and employment and making the Union a leader in the uptake of trustwo...
recital
Recital (2) AI Act
rec:2
null
null
null
null
null
2
null
null
[]
[]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-3-en
en
AI systems can be easily deployed in a large variety of sectors of the economy and many parts of society, including across borders, and can easily circulate throughout the Union. Certain Member States have already explored the adoption of national rules to ensure that AI is trustworthy and safe and is developed and use...
recital
Recital (3) AI Act
rec:3
null
null
null
null
null
3
null
null
[ 114, 16 ]
[ 114, 16 ]
[ "biometric identification", "biometric categorisation", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "operator" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-4-en
en
AI is a fast evolving family of technologies that contributes to a wide array of economic, environmental and societal benefits across the entire spectrum of industries and social activities. By improving prediction, optimising operations and resource allocation, and personalising digital solutions available for individ...
recital
Recital (4) AI Act
rec:4
null
null
null
null
null
4
null
null
[]
[]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-5-en
en
At the same time, depending on the circumstances regarding its specific application, use, and level of technological development, AI may generate risks and cause harm to public interests and fundamental rights that are protected by Union law. Such harm might be material or immaterial, including physical, psychological,...
recital
Recital (5) AI Act
rec:5
null
null
null
null
null
5
null
null
[]
[]
[ "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-6-en
en
Given the major impact that AI can have on society and the need to build trust, it is vital for AI and its regulatory framework to be developed in accordance with Union values as enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), the fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in the Treaties and, pursuant to ...
recital
Recital (6) AI Act
rec:6
null
null
null
null
null
6
null
null
[ 2, 6 ]
[ 2, 6 ]
[ "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-7-en
en
In order to ensure a consistent and high level of protection of public interests as regards health, safety and fundamental rights, common rules for high-risk AI systems should be established. Those rules should be consistent with the Charter, non-discriminatory and in line with the Union’s international trade commitmen...
recital
Recital (7) AI Act
rec:7
null
null
null
null
null
7
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-8-en
en
A Union legal framework laying down harmonised rules on AI is therefore needed to foster the development, use and uptake of AI in the internal market that at the same time meets a high level of protection of public interests, such as health and safety and the protection of fundamental rights, including democracy, the r...
recital
Recital (8) AI Act
rec:8
null
null
null
null
null
8
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-9-en
en
Harmonised rules applicable to the placing on the market, the putting into service and the use of high-risk AI systems should be laid down consistently with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Decision No 768/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EU...
recital
Recital (9) AI Act
rec:9
null
null
null
null
null
9
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "operator", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-10-en
en
The fundamental right to the protection of personal data is safeguarded in particular by Regulations (EU) 2016/679 and (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Counci...
recital
Recital (10) AI Act
rec:10
null
null
null
null
null
10
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-11-en
en
This Regulation should be without prejudice to the provisions regarding the liability of providers of intermediary services as set out in Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
recital
Recital (11) AI Act
rec:11
null
null
null
null
null
11
null
null
[]
[]
[ "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-12-en
en
The notion of “AI system” in this Regulation should be clearly defined and should be closely aligned with the work of international organisations working on AI to ensure legal certainty, facilitate international convergence and wide acceptance, while providing the flexibility to accommodate the rapid technological deve...
recital
Recital (12) AI Act
rec:12
null
null
null
null
null
12
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-13-en
en
The notion of “deployer” referred to in this Regulation should be interpreted as any natural or legal person, including a public authority, agency or other body, using an AI system under its authority, except where the AI system is used in the course of a personal non-professional activity. Depending on the type of AI ...
recital
Recital (13) AI Act
rec:13
null
null
null
null
null
13
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-14-en
en
The notion of “biometric data” used in this Regulation should be interpreted in light of the notion of biometric data as defined in Article 4, point (14) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 3, point (18) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 and Article 3, point (13) of Directive (EU) 2016/680. Biometric data can allow for the...
recital
Recital (14) AI Act
rec:14
null
null
null
null
null
14
null
null
[ 4, 3 ]
[ 4, 3 ]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-15-en
en
The notion of “biometric identification” referred to in this Regulation should be defined as the automated recognition of physical, physiological and behavioural human features such as the face, eye movement, body shape, voice, prosody, gait, posture, heart rate, blood pressure, odour, keystrokes characteristics, for t...
recital
Recital (15) AI Act
rec:15
null
null
null
null
null
15
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric identification", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-16-en
en
The notion of “biometric categorisation” referred to in this Regulation should be defined as assigning natural persons to specific categories on the basis of their biometric data. Such specific categories can relate to aspects such as sex, age, hair colour, eye colour, tattoos, behavioural or personality traits, langua...
recital
Recital (16) AI Act
rec:16
null
null
null
null
null
16
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric categorisation" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-17-en
en
The notion of “remote biometric identification system” referred to in this Regulation should be defined functionally, as an AI system intended for the identification of natural persons without their active involvement, typically at a distance, through the comparison of a person’s biometric data with the biometric data ...
recital
Recital (17) AI Act
rec:17
null
null
null
null
null
17
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric identification", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-18-en
en
The notion of “emotion recognition system” referred to in this Regulation should be defined as an AI system for the purpose of identifying or inferring emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of their biometric data. The notion refers to emotions or intentions such as happiness, sadness, anger, surprise,...
recital
Recital (18) AI Act
rec:18
null
null
null
null
null
18
null
null
[]
[]
[ "emotion recognition system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-19-en
en
For the purposes of this Regulation the notion of “publicly accessible space” should be understood as referring to any physical space that is accessible to an undetermined number of natural persons, and irrespective of whether the space in question is privately or publicly owned, irrespective of the activity for which ...
recital
Recital (19) AI Act
rec:19
null
null
null
null
null
19
null
null
[]
[]
[ "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-20-en
en
In order to obtain the greatest benefits from AI systems while protecting fundamental rights, health and safety and to enable democratic control, AI literacy should equip providers, deployers and affected persons with the necessary notions to make informed decisions regarding AI systems. Those notions may vary with reg...
recital
Recital (20) AI Act
rec:20
null
null
null
null
null
20
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-21-en
en
In order to ensure a level playing field and an effective protection of rights and freedoms of individuals across the Union, the rules established by this Regulation should apply to providers of AI systems in a non-discriminatory manner, irrespective of whether they are established within the Union or in a third countr...
recital
Recital (21) AI Act
rec:21
null
null
null
null
null
21
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "provider", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-22-en
en
In light of their digital nature, certain AI systems should fall within the scope of this Regulation even when they are not placed on the market, put into service, or used in the Union. This is the case, for example, where an operator established in the Union contracts certain services to an operator established in a t...
recital
Recital (22) AI Act
rec:22
null
null
null
null
null
22
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer", "operator" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-23-en
en
This Regulation should also apply to Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies when acting as a provider or deployer of an AI system.
recital
Recital (23) AI Act
rec:23
null
null
null
null
null
23
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "provider", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-24-en
en
If, and insofar as, AI systems are placed on the market, put into service, or used with or without modification of such systems for military, defence or national security purposes, those should be excluded from the scope of this Regulation regardless of which type of entity is carrying out those activities, such as whe...
recital
Recital (24) AI Act
rec:24
null
null
null
null
null
24
null
null
[ 4 ]
[ 4 ]
[ "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-25-en
en
This Regulation should support innovation, should respect freedom of science, and should not undermine research and development activity. It is therefore necessary to exclude from its scope AI systems and models specifically developed and put into service for the sole purpose of scientific research and development. Mor...
recital
Recital (25) AI Act
rec:25
null
null
null
null
null
25
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-26-en
en
In order to introduce a proportionate and effective set of binding rules for AI systems, a clearly defined risk-based approach should be followed. That approach should tailor the type and content of such rules to the intensity and scope of the risks that AI systems can generate. It is therefore necessary to prohibit ce...
recital
Recital (26) AI Act
rec:26
null
null
null
null
null
26
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "operator" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-27-en
en
While the risk-based approach is the basis for a proportionate and effective set of binding rules, it is important to recall the 2019 Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI developed by the independent AI HLEG appointed by the Commission. In those guidelines, the AI HLEG developed seven non-binding ethical principles for...
recital
Recital (27) AI Act
rec:27
null
null
null
null
null
27
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "AI model", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-28-en
en
Aside from the many beneficial uses of AI, it can also be misused and provide novel and powerful tools for manipulative, exploitative and social control practices. Such practices are particularly harmful and abusive and should be prohibited because they contradict Union values of respect for human dignity, freedom, equ...
recital
Recital (28) AI Act
rec:28
null
null
null
null
null
28
null
null
[]
[]
[ "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-29-en
en
AI-enabled manipulative techniques can be used to persuade persons to engage in unwanted behaviours, or to deceive them by nudging them into decisions in a way that subverts and impairs their autonomy, decision-making and free choices. The placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of certain AI systems...
recital
Recital (29) AI Act
rec:29
null
null
null
null
null
29
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "provider", "deployer", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-30-en
en
Biometric categorisation systems that are based on natural persons’ biometric data, such as an individual person’s face or fingerprint, to deduce or infer an individuals’ political opinions, trade union membership, religious or philosophical beliefs, race, sex life or sexual orientation should be prohibited. That prohi...
recital
Recital (30) AI Act
rec:30
null
null
null
null
null
30
null
null
[]
[]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-31-en
en
AI systems providing social scoring of natural persons by public or private actors may lead to discriminatory outcomes and the exclusion of certain groups. They may violate the right to dignity and non-discrimination and the values of equality and justice. Such AI systems evaluate or classify natural persons or groups ...
recital
Recital (31) AI Act
rec:31
null
null
null
null
null
31
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-32-en
en
The use of AI systems for “real-time” remote biometric identification of natural persons in publicly accessible spaces for the purpose of law enforcement is particularly intrusive to the rights and freedoms of the concerned persons, to the extent that it may affect the private life of a large part of the population, ev...
recital
Recital (32) AI Act
rec:32
null
null
null
null
null
32
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric identification", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-33-en
en
The use of those systems for the purpose of law enforcement should therefore be prohibited, except in exhaustively listed and narrowly defined situations, where the use is strictly necessary to achieve a substantial public interest, the importance of which outweighs the risks. Those situations involve the search for ce...
recital
Recital (33) AI Act
rec:33
null
null
null
null
null
33
null
null
[ 2 ]
[ 2 ]
[ "biometric identification" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-34-en
en
In order to ensure that those systems are used in a responsible and proportionate manner, it is also important to establish that, in each of those exhaustively listed and narrowly defined situations, certain elements should be taken into account, in particular as regards the nature of the situation giving rise to the r...
recital
Recital (34) AI Act
rec:34
null
null
null
null
null
34
null
null
[]
[]
[ "real-time remote biometric identification system", "biometric identification", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-35-en
en
Each use of a “real-time” remote biometric identification system in publicly accessible spaces for the purpose of law enforcement should be subject to an express and specific authorisation by a judicial authority or by an independent administrative authority of a Member State whose decision is binding. Such authorisati...
recital
Recital (35) AI Act
rec:35
null
null
null
null
null
35
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric identification", "AI system", "input data" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-36-en
en
In order to carry out their tasks in accordance with the requirements set out in this Regulation as well as in national rules, the relevant market surveillance authority and the national data protection authority should be notified of each use of the real-time biometric identification system. Market surveillance author...
recital
Recital (36) AI Act
rec:36
null
null
null
null
null
36
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric identification", "market surveillance authority" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-37-en
en
Furthermore, it is appropriate to provide, within the exhaustive framework set by this Regulation that such use in the territory of a Member State in accordance with this Regulation should only be possible where and in as far as the Member State concerned has decided to expressly provide for the possibility to authoris...
recital
Recital (37) AI Act
rec:37
null
null
null
null
null
37
null
null
[]
[]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-38-en
en
The use of AI systems for real-time remote biometric identification of natural persons in publicly accessible spaces for the purpose of law enforcement necessarily involves the processing of biometric data. The rules of this Regulation that prohibit, subject to certain exceptions, such use, which are based on Article 1...
recital
Recital (38) AI Act
rec:38
null
null
null
null
null
38
null
null
[ 16, 10, 8 ]
[ 16, 10, 8 ]
[ "real-time remote biometric identification system", "biometric identification", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-39-en
en
Any processing of biometric data and other personal data involved in the use of AI systems for biometric identification, other than in connection to the use of real-time remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces for the purpose of law enforcement as regulated by this Regulation, should conti...
recital
Recital (39) AI Act
rec:39
null
null
null
null
null
39
null
null
[ 10, 9 ]
[ 10, 9 ]
[ "real-time remote biometric identification system", "biometric identification", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-40-en
en
In accordance with Article 6a of Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, as annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU, Ireland is not bound by the rules laid down in Article 5(1), first subparagraph, point (g), to the extent it applies to the us...
recital
Recital (40) AI Act
rec:40
null
null
null
null
null
40
null
null
[ 6, 5, 26, 16 ]
[ 6, 5, 26, 16 ]
[ "biometric categorisation", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-41-en
en
In accordance with Articles 2 and 2a of Protocol No 22 on the position of Denmark, annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU, Denmark is not bound by rules laid down in Article 5(1), first subparagraph, point (g), to the extent it applies to the use of biometric categorisation systems for activities in the field of police coo...
recital
Recital (41) AI Act
rec:41
null
null
null
null
null
41
null
null
[ 2, 5, 26, 16 ]
[ 2, 5, 26, 16 ]
[ "biometric categorisation", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-42-en
en
In line with the presumption of innocence, natural persons in the Union should always be judged on their actual behaviour. Natural persons should never be judged on AI-predicted behaviour based solely on their profiling, personality traits or characteristics, such as nationality, place of birth, place of residence, num...
recital
Recital (42) AI Act
rec:42
null
null
null
null
null
42
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-43-en
en
The placing on the market, the putting into service for that specific purpose, or the use of AI systems that create or expand facial recognition databases through the untargeted scraping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage, should be prohibited because that practice adds to the feeling of mass surveillan...
recital
Recital (43) AI Act
rec:43
null
null
null
null
null
43
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-44-en
en
There are serious concerns about the scientific basis of AI systems aiming to identify or infer emotions, particularly as expression of emotions vary considerably across cultures and situations, and even within a single individual. Among the key shortcomings of such systems are the limited reliability, the lack of spec...
recital
Recital (44) AI Act
rec:44
null
null
null
null
null
44
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-45-en
en
Practices that are prohibited by Union law, including data protection law, non-discrimination law, consumer protection law, and competition law, should not be affected by this Regulation.
recital
Recital (45) AI Act
rec:45
null
null
null
null
null
45
null
null
[]
[]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-46-en
en
High-risk AI systems should only be placed on the Union market, put into service or used if they comply with certain mandatory requirements. Those requirements should ensure that high-risk AI systems available in the Union or whose output is otherwise used in the Union do not pose unacceptable risks to important Union ...
recital
Recital (46) AI Act
rec:46
null
null
null
null
null
46
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-47-en
en
AI systems could have an adverse impact on the health and safety of persons, in particular when such systems operate as safety components of products. Consistent with the objectives of Union harmonisation legislation to facilitate the free movement of products in the internal market and to ensure that only safe and oth...
recital
Recital (47) AI Act
rec:47
null
null
null
null
null
47
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-48-en
en
The extent of the adverse impact caused by the AI system on the fundamental rights protected by the Charter is of particular relevance when classifying an AI system as high risk. Those rights include the right to human dignity, respect for private and family life, protection of personal data, freedom of expression and ...
recital
Recital (48) AI Act
rec:48
null
null
null
null
null
48
null
null
[ 24 ]
[ 24 ]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-49-en
en
As regards high-risk AI systems that are safety components of products or systems, or which are themselves products or systems falling within the scope of Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulation (EU)...
recital
Recital (49) AI Act
rec:49
null
null
null
null
null
49
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "conformity assessment" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-50-en
en
As regards AI systems that are safety components of products, or which are themselves products, falling within the scope of certain Union harmonisation legislation listed in an annex to this Regulation, it is appropriate to classify them as high-risk under this Regulation if the product concerned undergoes the conformi...
recital
Recital (50) AI Act
rec:50
null
null
null
null
null
50
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "conformity assessment" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-51-en
en
The classification of an AI system as high-risk pursuant to this Regulation should not necessarily mean that the product whose safety component is the AI system, or the AI system itself as a product, is considered to be high-risk under the criteria established in the relevant Union harmonisation legislation that applie...
recital
Recital (51) AI Act
rec:51
null
null
null
null
null
51
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "conformity assessment" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-52-en
en
As regards stand-alone AI systems, namely high-risk AI systems other than those that are safety components of products, or that are themselves products, it is appropriate to classify them as high-risk if, in light of their intended purpose, they pose a high risk of harm to the health and safety or the fundamental right...
recital
Recital (52) AI Act
rec:52
null
null
null
null
null
52
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-53-en
en
It is also important to clarify that there may be specific cases in which AI systems referred to in pre-defined areas specified in this Regulation do not lead to a significant risk of harm to the legal interests protected under those areas because they do not materially influence the decision-making or do not harm thos...
recital
Recital (53) AI Act
rec:53
null
null
null
null
null
53
null
null
[ 4, 3 ]
[ 4, 3 ]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-54-en
en
As biometric data constitutes a special category of personal data, it is appropriate to classify as high-risk several critical-use cases of biometric systems, insofar as their use is permitted under relevant Union and national law. Technical inaccuracies of AI systems intended for the remote biometric identification of...
recital
Recital (54) AI Act
rec:54
null
null
null
null
null
54
null
null
[ 9 ]
[ 9 ]
[ "biometric identification", "biometric categorisation", "emotion recognition system", "high-risk AI system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-55-en
en
As regards the management and operation of critical infrastructure, it is appropriate to classify as high-risk the AI systems intended to be used as safety components in the management and operation of critical digital infrastructure as listed in point (8) of the Annex to Directive (EU) 2022/2557, road traffic and the ...
recital
Recital (55) AI Act
rec:55
null
null
null
null
null
55
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-56-en
en
The deployment of AI systems in education is important to promote high-quality digital education and training and to allow all learners and teachers to acquire and share the necessary digital skills and competences, including media literacy, and critical thinking, to take an active part in the economy, society, and in ...
recital
Recital (56) AI Act
rec:56
null
null
null
null
null
56
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-57-en
en
AI systems used in employment, workers management and access to self-employment, in particular for the recruitment and selection of persons, for making decisions affecting terms of the work-related relationship, promotion and termination of work-related contractual relationships, for allocating tasks on the basis of in...
recital
Recital (57) AI Act
rec:57
null
null
null
null
null
57
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-58-en
en
Another area in which the use of AI systems deserves special consideration is the access to and enjoyment of certain essential private and public services and benefits necessary for people to fully participate in society or to improve one’s standard of living. In particular, natural persons applying for or receiving es...
recital
Recital (58) AI Act
rec:58
null
null
null
null
null
58
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-59-en
en
Given their role and responsibility, actions by law enforcement authorities involving certain uses of AI systems are characterised by a significant degree of power imbalance and may lead to surveillance, arrest or deprivation of a natural person’s liberty as well as other adverse impacts on fundamental rights guarantee...
recital
Recital (59) AI Act
rec:59
null
null
null
null
null
59
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-60-en
en
AI systems used in migration, asylum and border control management affect persons who are often in particularly vulnerable position and who are dependent on the outcome of the actions of the competent public authorities. The accuracy, non-discriminatory nature and transparency of the AI systems used in those contexts a...
recital
Recital (60) AI Act
rec:60
null
null
null
null
null
60
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-61-en
en
Certain AI systems intended for the administration of justice and democratic processes should be classified as high-risk, considering their potentially significant impact on democracy, the rule of law, individual freedoms as well as the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial. In particular, to address the ris...
recital
Recital (61) AI Act
rec:61
null
null
null
null
null
61
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-62-en
en
Without prejudice to the rules provided for in Regulation (EU) 2024/900 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and in order to address the risks of undue external interference with the right to vote enshrined in Article 39 of the Charter, and of adverse effects on democracy and the rule of law, AI systems inten...
recital
Recital (62) AI Act
rec:62
null
null
null
null
null
62
null
null
[ 39 ]
[ 39 ]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-63-en
en
The fact that an AI system is classified as a high-risk AI system under this Regulation should not be interpreted as indicating that the use of the system is lawful under other acts of Union law or under national law compatible with Union law, such as on the protection of personal data, on the use of polygraphs and sim...
recital
Recital (63) AI Act
rec:63
null
null
null
null
null
63
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-64-en
en
To mitigate the risks from high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service and to ensure a high level of trustworthiness, certain mandatory requirements should apply to high-risk AI systems, taking into account the intended purpose and the context of use of the AI system and according to the risk-manageme...
recital
Recital (64) AI Act
rec:64
null
null
null
null
null
64
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "putting into service", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-65-en
en
The risk-management system should consist of a continuous, iterative process that is planned and run throughout the entire lifecycle of a high-risk AI system. That process should be aimed at identifying and mitigating the relevant risks of AI systems on health, safety and fundamental rights. The risk-management system ...
recital
Recital (65) AI Act
rec:65
null
null
null
null
null
65
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer", "intended purpose", "reasonably foreseeable misuse" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-66-en
en
Requirements should apply to high-risk AI systems as regards risk management, the quality and relevance of data sets used, technical documentation and record-keeping, transparency and the provision of information to deployers, human oversight, and robustness, accuracy and cybersecurity. Those requirements are necessary...
recital
Recital (66) AI Act
rec:66
null
null
null
null
null
66
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-67-en
en
High-quality data and access to high-quality data plays a vital role in providing structure and in ensuring the performance of many AI systems, especially when techniques involving the training of models are used, with a view to ensure that the high-risk AI system performs as intended and safely and it does not become ...
recital
Recital (67) AI Act
rec:67
null
null
null
null
null
67
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-68-en
en
For the development and assessment of high-risk AI systems, certain actors, such as providers, notified bodies and other relevant entities, such as European Digital Innovation Hubs, testing experimentation facilities and researchers, should be able to access and use high-quality data sets within the fields of activitie...
recital
Recital (68) AI Act
rec:68
null
null
null
null
null
68
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-69-en
en
The right to privacy and to protection of personal data must be guaranteed throughout the entire lifecycle of the AI system. In this regard, the principles of data minimisation and data protection by design and by default, as set out in Union data protection law, are applicable when personal data are processed. Measure...
recital
Recital (69) AI Act
rec:69
null
null
null
null
null
69
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-70-en
en
In order to protect the right of others from the discrimination that might result from the bias in AI systems, the providers should, exceptionally, to the extent that it is strictly necessary for the purpose of ensuring bias detection and correction in relation to the high-risk AI systems, subject to appropriate safegu...
recital
Recital (70) AI Act
rec:70
null
null
null
null
null
70
null
null
[ 9, 10 ]
[ 9, 10 ]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-71-en
en
Having comprehensible information on how high-risk AI systems have been developed and how they perform throughout their lifetime is essential to enable traceability of those systems, verify compliance with the requirements under this Regulation, as well as monitoring of their operations and post market monitoring. This...
recital
Recital (71) AI Act
rec:71
null
null
null
null
null
71
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-72-en
en
To address concerns related to opacity and complexity of certain AI systems and help deployers to fulfil their obligations under this Regulation, transparency should be required for high-risk AI systems before they are placed on the market or put it into service. High-risk AI systems should be designed in a manner to e...
recital
Recital (72) AI Act
rec:72
null
null
null
null
null
72
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-73-en
en
High-risk AI systems should be designed and developed in such a way that natural persons can oversee their functioning, ensure that they are used as intended and that their impacts are addressed over the system’s lifecycle. To that end, appropriate human oversight measures should be identified by the provider of the sy...
recital
Recital (73) AI Act
rec:73
null
null
null
null
null
73
null
null
[]
[]
[ "biometric identification", "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "deployer", "operator", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-74-en
en
High-risk AI systems should perform consistently throughout their lifecycle and meet an appropriate level of accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity, in light of their intended purpose and in accordance with the generally acknowledged state of the art. The Commission and relevant organisations and stakeholders are encou...
recital
Recital (74) AI Act
rec:74
null
null
null
null
null
74
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "deployer", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-75-en
en
Technical robustness is a key requirement for high-risk AI systems. They should be resilient in relation to harmful or otherwise undesirable behaviour that may result from limitations within the systems or the environment in which the systems operate (e.g. errors, faults, inconsistencies, unexpected situations). Theref...
recital
Recital (75) AI Act
rec:75
null
null
null
null
null
75
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-76-en
en
Cybersecurity plays a crucial role in ensuring that AI systems are resilient against attempts to alter their use, behaviour, performance or compromise their security properties by malicious third parties exploiting the system’s vulnerabilities. Cyberattacks against AI systems can leverage AI specific assets, such as tr...
recital
Recital (76) AI Act
rec:76
null
null
null
null
null
76
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "training data" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-77-en
en
Without prejudice to the requirements related to robustness and accuracy set out in this Regulation, high-risk AI systems which fall within the scope of a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements, in accordance with that regulat...
recital
Recital (77) AI Act
rec:77
null
null
null
null
null
77
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-78-en
en
The conformity assessment procedure provided by this Regulation should apply in relation to the essential cybersecurity requirements of a product with digital elements covered by a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements and cl...
recital
Recital (78) AI Act
rec:78
null
null
null
null
null
78
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "conformity assessment" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-79-en
en
It is appropriate that a specific natural or legal person, defined as the provider, takes responsibility for the placing on the market or the putting into service of a high-risk AI system, regardless of whether that natural or legal person is the person who designed or developed the system.
recital
Recital (79) AI Act
rec:79
null
null
null
null
null
79
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "placing on the market", "putting into service" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-80-en
en
As signatories to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Union and the Member States are legally obliged to protect persons with disabilities from discrimination and promote their equality, to ensure that persons with disabilities have access, on an equal basis with others, to inf...
recital
Recital (80) AI Act
rec:80
null
null
null
null
null
80
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-81-en
en
The provider should establish a sound quality management system, ensure the accomplishment of the required conformity assessment procedure, draw up the relevant documentation and establish a robust post-market monitoring system. Providers of high-risk AI systems that are subject to obligations regarding quality managem...
recital
Recital (81) AI Act
rec:81
null
null
null
null
null
81
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "conformity assessment", "post-market monitoring system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-82-en
en
To enable enforcement of this Regulation and create a level playing field for operators, and, taking into account the different forms of making available of digital products, it is important to ensure that, under all circumstances, a person established in the Union can provide authorities with all the necessary informa...
recital
Recital (82) AI Act
rec:82
null
null
null
null
null
82
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "authorised representative", "provider", "operator" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-83-en
en
In light of the nature and complexity of the value chain for AI systems and in line with the New Legislative Framework, it is essential to ensure legal certainty and facilitate the compliance with this Regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the role and the specific obligations of relevant operators along th...
recital
Recital (83) AI Act
rec:83
null
null
null
null
null
83
null
null
[]
[]
[ "AI system", "importer", "distributor", "operator" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-84-en
en
To ensure legal certainty, it is necessary to clarify that, under certain specific conditions, any distributor, importer, deployer or other third-party should be considered to be a provider of a high-risk AI system and therefore assume all the relevant obligations. This would be the case if that party puts its name or ...
recital
Recital (84) AI Act
rec:84
null
null
null
null
null
84
null
null
[ 16 ]
[ 16 ]
[ "general-purpose AI system", "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "deployer", "importer", "distributor", "substantial modification", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-85-en
en
General-purpose AI systems may be used as high-risk AI systems by themselves or be components of other high-risk AI systems. Therefore, due to their particular nature and in order to ensure a fair sharing of responsibilities along the AI value chain, the providers of such systems should, irrespective of whether they ma...
recital
Recital (85) AI Act
rec:85
null
null
null
null
null
85
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-86-en
en
Where, under the conditions laid down in this Regulation, the provider that initially placed the AI system on the market or put it into service should no longer be considered to be the provider for the purposes of this Regulation, and when that provider has not expressly excluded the change of the AI system into a high...
recital
Recital (86) AI Act
rec:86
null
null
null
null
null
86
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider", "conformity assessment" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-87-en
en
In addition, where a high-risk AI system that is a safety component of a product which falls within the scope of Union harmonisation legislation based on the New Legislative Framework is not placed on the market or put into service independently from the product, the product manufacturer defined in that legislation sho...
recital
Recital (87) AI Act
rec:87
null
null
null
null
null
87
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-88-en
en
Along the AI value chain multiple parties often supply AI systems, tools and services but also components or processes that are incorporated by the provider into the AI system with various objectives, including the model training, model retraining, model testing and evaluation, integration into software, or other aspec...
recital
Recital (88) AI Act
rec:88
null
null
null
null
null
88
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-89-en
en
Third parties making accessible to the public tools, services, processes, or AI components other than general-purpose AI models, should not be mandated to comply with requirements targeting the responsibilities along the AI value chain, in particular towards the provider that has used or integrated them, when those too...
recital
Recital (89) AI Act
rec:89
null
null
null
null
null
89
null
null
[]
[]
[ "general-purpose AI model", "AI system", "AI model", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-90-en
en
The Commission could develop and recommend voluntary model contractual terms between providers of high-risk AI systems and third parties that supply tools, services, components or processes that are used or integrated in high-risk AI systems, to facilitate the cooperation along the value chain. When developing voluntar...
recital
Recital (90) AI Act
rec:90
null
null
null
null
null
90
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "provider" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-91-en
en
Given the nature of AI systems and the risks to safety and fundamental rights possibly associated with their use, including as regards the need to ensure proper monitoring of the performance of an AI system in a real-life setting, it is appropriate to set specific responsibilities for deployers. Deployers should in par...
recital
Recital (91) AI Act
rec:91
null
null
null
null
null
91
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "deployer" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-92-en
en
This Regulation is without prejudice to obligations for employers to inform or to inform and consult workers or their representatives under Union or national law and practice, including Directive 2002/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on decisions to put into service or use AI systems. It remains nec...
recital
Recital (92) AI Act
rec:92
null
null
null
null
null
92
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-93-en
en
Whilst risks related to AI systems can result from the way such systems are designed, risks can as well stem from how such AI systems are used. Deployers of high-risk AI system therefore play a critical role in ensuring that fundamental rights are protected, complementing the obligations of the provider when developing...
recital
Recital (93) AI Act
rec:93
null
null
null
null
null
93
null
null
[ 13 ]
[ 13 ]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-94-en
en
Any processing of biometric data involved in the use of AI systems for biometric identification for the purpose of law enforcement needs to comply with Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2016/680, that allows such processing only where strictly necessary, subject to appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the d...
recital
Recital (94) AI Act
rec:94
null
null
null
null
null
94
null
null
[ 10, 4 ]
[ 10, 4 ]
[ "biometric identification", "AI system" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-95-en
en
Without prejudice to applicable Union law, in particular Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Directive (EU) 2016/680, considering the intrusive nature of post-remote biometric identification systems, the use of post-remote biometric identification systems should be subject to safeguards. Post-remote biometric identification s...
recital
Recital (95) AI Act
rec:95
null
null
null
null
null
95
null
null
[]
[]
[ "post-remote biometric identification system", "biometric identification" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-96-en
en
In order to efficiently ensure that fundamental rights are protected, deployers of high-risk AI systems that are bodies governed by public law, or private entities providing public services and deployers of certain high-risk AI systems listed in an annex to this Regulation, such as banking or insurance entities, should...
recital
Recital (96) AI Act
rec:96
null
null
null
null
null
96
null
null
[]
[]
[ "high-risk AI system", "AI system", "market surveillance authority", "fundamental rights", "provider", "deployer", "intended purpose" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-97-en
en
The notion of general-purpose AI models should be clearly defined and set apart from the notion of AI systems to enable legal certainty. The definition should be based on the key functional characteristics of a general-purpose AI model, in particular the generality and the capability to competently perform a wide range...
recital
Recital (97) AI Act
rec:97
null
null
null
null
null
97
null
null
[]
[]
[ "general-purpose AI model", "AI system", "AI model", "provider", "placing on the market" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-98-en
en
Whereas the generality of a model could, inter alia, also be determined by a number of parameters, models with at least a billion of parameters and trained with a large amount of data using self-supervision at scale should be considered to display significant generality and to competently perform a wide range of distin...
recital
Recital (98) AI Act
rec:98
null
null
null
null
null
98
null
null
[]
[]
[]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-99-en
en
Large generative AI models are a typical example for a general-purpose AI model, given that they allow for flexible generation of content, such as in the form of text, audio, images or video, that can readily accommodate a wide range of distinctive tasks.
recital
Recital (99) AI Act
rec:99
null
null
null
null
null
99
null
null
[]
[]
[ "general-purpose AI model", "AI model" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null
rec-100-en
en
When a general-purpose AI model is integrated into or forms part of an AI system, this system should be considered to be general-purpose AI system when, due to this integration, this system has the capability to serve a variety of purposes. A general-purpose AI system can be used directly, or it may be integrated into ...
recital
Recital (100) AI Act
rec:100
null
null
null
null
null
100
null
null
[]
[]
[ "general-purpose AI model", "general-purpose AI system", "AI system", "AI model" ]
2026-08-02
false
reg_2024_1689
32024R1689
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
European Union
CC BY 4.0
v2026-06-01
e8625a71f3895c72ed7244465f5222b9f25ea12d71f1a094369aef6ef456fc38
2026-06-01
null