Summary Background Although levetiracetam and phenytoin are widely used antiseizure medications (ASM) in neonates, their efficacy on seizure freedom is unclear. We evaluated electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure freedom following sequential levetiracetam and phenytoin in neonatal seizures unresponsive to phenobarbital. Methods We recruited neonates born ≥35 weeks and aged <72 h who had continued electrographic seizures despite phenobarbital, from three Indian hospitals, between 20 June 2020 and 31 July 2022. The neonates were treated with intravenous levetiracetam (20 mg/kg x 2 doses, second line) followed by phenytoin (20 mg/kg x 2 doses, third line) if seizures persisted.


Abstract Estradiol dimers (EDs) possess significant anticancer activity by targeting tubulin dynamics. In this study, we synthesised 12 EDs variants via copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, focusing on structural modifications within the aromatic bridge connecting two estradiol moieties. In vitro testing of these EDs revealed a marked improvement in selectivity towards cancerous cells, particularly for ED1–8. The most active compounds, ED3 (IC 50 = 0.38 μM in CCRF-CEM) and ED5 (IC 50 = 0.71 μM in CCRF-CEM) demonstrated cytotoxic effects superior to 2-methoxyestradiol (IC 50 = 1.61 μM in CCRF-CEM) and exhibited anti-angiogenic properties in an endothelial cell tube-formation model.


Abstract Currently, three expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) prosthetic graft types are most commonly used for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) who require long-term vascular access for hemodialysis. However, studies comparing the three ePTFE grafts are limited. This study compared the clinical efficacy and postoperative complications of three ePTFE prosthetic graft types used for upper limb arteriovenous graft (AVG) surgery among patients with ESKD. Patients with ESKD requiring upper limb AVG surgery admitted to our center between January 2016 and September 2019 were enrolled.


Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in the initiation and progression of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), while their role from mesangial cells in contributing to the pathogenesis of CGN is rarely understood. Our study aims to explore the potential functions of mesangial cell-derived circRNAs using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis. Methods Mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro model of CGN. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell cycle stages were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Flow Cytometry experiment, respectively. Subsequently, differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were identified by RNA-seq.


ABSTRACT Purpose This study examines how local user associations of mental health service-user organizations were affected by the pandemic, in order to provide guidance to user organizations and surrounding actors on future advancements. The pandemic is used as a case to explore organizational resilience and digitalization during crisis. Methods Data from focus group interviews and individual interviews with representatives of ten local associations were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A theoretical framework combining governance theory and organizational theory was applied. Results Typically, associations swiftly restructured activities to support members to meet the urgent needs that arose, not least in relation to the digital transition.


Abstract Amaranthus roxburghianus H.W. Kung 1935, belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, is recognized for its significant medicinal properties. However, molecular research on this species has been limited. This study represents the inaugural documentation of the sequencing and assembly of the complete plastome of A. roxburghianus . The genome spans a total length of 149,969 base pairs (bp), exhibiting a conventional quadripartite structure. This structure comprises a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,917 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,124 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions, each extending to 23,964 bp. In its entirety, the A.


Abstract Novel series of nitric oxide-releasing thiazolidine-2,4-diones ( NO-TZD-3a-d,5,6 ) and 3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone-based multifunctional 1,4-dihydropyrimidines ( CDHPM-10a-g ) have been designed and synthesised as potent broad-spectrum anticancer agents with potential VEGFR-2 inhibition. The designed analogs were evaluated for their anticancer activities towards a full panel of NCI-60 tumour cell lines and CDHPM-10a-g emerged mean %inhibitions ranging from 76.40 to 147.69%. Among them, CDHPM-10e and CDHPM-10f demonstrated the highest MGI% of 147.69 and 140.24%, respectively. Compounds CDHPM-10a,b,d-f showed higher mean %inhibitory activity than the reference drug sorafenib (MGI% = 105.46%).


Abstract This study refers to the intricate world of Acinetobacter baumannii , a resilient pathogenic bacterium notorious for its propensity at antibiotic resistance in nosocomial infections. Expanding upon previous findings that emphasised the bifunctional enzyme PaaY, revealing unexpected γ-carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, our research focuses on a different class of CA identified within the A. baumannii genome, the β-CA, designated as 𝛽-AbauCA (also indicated as CanB), which plays a crucial role in the resistance mechanism mediated by AmpC beta-lactamase. Here, we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant 𝛽-AbauCA, unveiling its distinctive kinetic properties and inhibition profile with inorganic anions (classical CA inhibitors).


Purpose This study aims to investigate the potential in vivo relationship between macular pigment (MP) and retinal layers thickness in healthy subjects and dry, non-advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. Healthy subjects >40 years and patients with early or intermediate AMD were recruited. Structural OCT and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) were collected for each subject. Retinal layers parameters were calculated based on the standard early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) map. Additionally, MPOV within 1°, 2°, and 9° of eccentricity was assessed and associated with retinal layers thickness and volume.


ABSTRACT Diabetes remains a major, global clinical and public health threat with consistent rises in prevalence around the world over the past four decades. Two-thirds of the projected increases in global diabetes prevalence to 2045 are expected to come from low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. Ghana is typical of this trend. However, there are gaps in evidence regarding the appropriate development of interventions and well-targeted policies for diabetes prevention and treatment that pay due attention to relevant local conditions and influences.


Abstract Purpose The present study investigated the nephron-testicular protective effects of sesamin against cisplatin (CP)-induced acute renal and testicular injuries. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were allocated to receive carboxymethylcellulose (0.5%, as sesamin vehicle), CP (a single i.p. 5 mg/kg dose), CP plus sesamin at 10 or 20 mg/kg orally for 10 days. Results Data analysis showed significant increases in serum urea, creatinine, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as renal and testicular tissue malondialdehyde and nitric-oxide concentrations in CP-intoxicated rats in comparison to control animals.


The synthesis and characterization of four fully-conjugated indacenedithiophenes (IDTs) are disclosed. In contrast to anthradithiophenes, regioselective synthesis of both syn and anti isomers is readily achieved. Thiophene fusion imparts increased paratropic character on the central indacene core as predicted by DFT calculations and confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. IDTs exhibit red-shifted absorbance maxima with respect to their all-carbon analogues and undergo two-electron reduction and one-electron oxidation.


Purpose The relative efficiency of different eye exercise regimes is unclear, and in particular the influences of practice, placebo and the amount of effort required are rarely considered. This study measured conventional clinical measures following different regimes in typical young adults. Methods A total of 156 asymptomatic young adults were directed to carry out eye exercises three times daily for 2 weeks. Exercises were directed at improving blur responses (accommodation), disparity responses (convergence), both in a naturalistic relationship, convergence in excess of accommodation, accommodation in excess of convergence, and a placebo regime.


Iceland and Trinidad and Tobago are small open, high‐income island economies with very specific resource‐use patterns. This article presents a material flow analysis (MFA) for the two countries covering a time period of nearly five decades. Both countries have a narrow domestic resource base, their economy being largely based on the exploitation of one or two key resources for export production. In the case of Trinidad and Tobago, the physical economy is dominated by oil and natural gas extraction and petrochemical industries, whereas Iceland's economy for centuries has been based on fisheries.


National material stock (MS) accounts have been a neglected field of analysis in industrial ecology, possibly because of the difficulty in establishing such accounts. In this research, we propose a novel method to model national MS based on historical material flow data. This enables us to avoid the laborious data work involved with bottom‐up accounts for stocks and to arrive at plausible levels of stock accumulation for nations. We apply the method for the United States and Japan to establish a proof of concept for two very different cases of industrial development. Looking at a period of 75 years (1930–2005), we find that per capita MS has been much higher in the United States for the entire period, but that Japan has experienced much higher growth rates t


Background Conjugation of anti-neoplastic agents with human proteins is a strategy to diminish the toxic side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. We have developed a novel doxorubicin-transferrin (DOX-TRF) conjugate aimed to direct anticancer drugs against therapeutic targets that display altered levels of expression in malignant versus normal cells. Our previous work has shown that the cellular bio-distribution of the conjugate is dependent on a dynamic balance between influx and efflux processes. Here, we set out to investigate whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression may affect DOX-TRF conjugate-induced cellular drug accumulation and cytotoxicity.


Purpose Perceiving binocular depth relies on the ability of our visual system to precisely match corresponding features in the left and right eyes. Yet how the human brain extracts interocular disparity correlation is poorly understood. Methods We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize brain regions involved in processing interocular disparity correlation. By varying the amount of interocular correlation of a disparity‐defined random‐dot‐stereogram, we concomitantly controlled the perception of binocular depth and measured the percent Blood‐Oxygenation‐Level‐Dependent (%BOLD)‐signal in multiple regions‐of‐interest in the human occipital cortex and along the intra‐parietal sulcus.


Material management faces a dual challenge: on the one hand satisfying large and increasing demands for goods and on the other hand accommodating wastes and emissions in sinks. Hence, the characterization of material flows and stocks is relevant for both improving resource efficiency and environmental protection. This article focuses on the urban scale, a dimension rarely investigated in past metal flow studies. We compare the copper (Cu) metabolism of two cities in different economic states, namely, Vienna (Europe) and Taipei (Asia). Substance flow analysis is used to calculate urban Cu balances in a comprehensive and transparent form.


Purpose The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is known to play a critical role in promoting tumor growth. Consequently, blocking this pathway has been found to inhibit tumor growth. In order to achieve an optimal anti-tumor effect, however, it remains to be established whether blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway alone is sufficient, or whether the tumor microenvironment plays an additional, possibly synergistic, role. Methods To investigate the relevance of blocking TGF-β signaling in tumor cells within the context of their respective tissue microenvironments, we treated a panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with the selective TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor LY2157299 monohydrate (galunisertib) and assessed both the in vitro an


Background Overall, HER2 -amplified female breast cancer (FBC) is associated with a high grade, an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. In male breast cancer (MBC) amplification of HER2 , located on chromosome 17, occurs at a lower frequency than in FBC, where it is part of complex rearrangements. So far, only few studies have addressed the occurrence of chromosome 17 alterations in small MBC cohorts. Methods Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect and characterize copy number changes on chromosome 17 in a cohort of 139 MBC. The results obtained were compared to those in FBC, and were correlated with clinicopathological features and patient outcome data.


Purpose The prognosis of pancreatic cancer ranks among the worst of all cancer types, which is primarily due to the fact that during the past decades little progress has been made in its diagnosis and treatment. Here, we set out to investigate the role of microRNA 138 (miR-138-5p) in the regulation of pancreatic cancer cell growth and to assess its role as putative therapeutic target. Methods qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of miR-138-5p in 8 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 18 primary human pancreatic cancer samples. A lentivirual vector containing miR-138-5p mimics (lv-miR-138-5p) was used to exogenously over-express miR-138-5p in the pancreatic cancer cells lines Capan-2 and PANC-1.


Purpose When during cancer treatment resistance to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) occurs, switching to another TKI is often considered as a reasonable option. Previously, we reported that resistance to sunitinib may be caused by increased lysosomal sequestration, leading to increased intracellular lysosomal storage and, thereby, inactivity. Here, we studied the effect of several other TKIs on the development of (cross-) resistance. Methods TKI resistance was induced by continuous exposure of cancer cell lines to increasing TKI concentrations for 3–4 months. (Cross-) resistance was evaluated using MTT cell proliferation assays. Intracellular TKI concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS.


Background Pleomorphic invasive lobular cancer (pleomorphic ILC) is a rare variant of ILC that is characterized by a classic ILC-like growth pattern combined with an infiltrative ductal cancer (IDC)-like high nuclear atypicality. There is an ongoing discussion whether pleomorphic ILC is a dedifferentiated form of ILC or in origin an IDC with a secondary loss of cohesion. Since gene promoter hypermethylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and thus may provide information on tumor progression, we set out to compare the methylation patterns of pleomorphic ILC, classic ILC and IDC. In addition, we aimed at analyzing the methylation status of pleomorphic ILC.


Background Familial triple-negative breast cancers are often linked to mutations in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene. In sporadic triple-negative breast cancers BRCA1 is frequently inactivated at the transcriptional level, and it has been reported that this inactivation may be brought about by promoter methylation. More recently, it was found that BRCA1 may also be regulated at the post-transcriptional level by miRNAs. Here, we explored the expression of putative BRCA1 -regulating miRNAs in sporadic human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Methods Nine sporadic human breast cancer-derived cell lines and one benign breast epithelium-derived cell line were assessed for their hormone receptor, growth factor receptor and cytokeratin status by immunocytochemistr


Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a small molecular cytotoxic agent that can be transferred efficiently to cancer cells by nanocarriers. This anthracycline antibiotic serves as an effective anti-neoplastic drug against both hematological and solid malignancies. Here, we set out to assess the capacity of a novel doxorubicin - transferrin conjugate (DOX-TRF) to provoke apoptosis in human normal and leukemia cells through free radicals produced via a redox cycle of doxorubicin (DOX) when released from its conjugate. Methods After DOX-TRF exposure, we determined the time-course of apoptotic and necrotic events, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as alterations in cytochrome c levels and intracellul


Purpose Monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for disease allow careful examination of environmental factors whilst controlling for genetic variation. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in environmental risk factors in MZ twins discordant for myopia. Methods Sixty four MZ twin pairs discordant for refractive error were interviewed. Discordant twins were selected from 1326 MZ twin pairs from the TwinsUK adult twin registry with non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Discordancy was defined as ≥2 Dioptres (D) difference in spherical equivalent (SphE) and discordant for class of refractive error.


Purpose Over the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in neuroscience research to assess both structure and function in the brain in health and disease. With regard to vision research, prior to the advent of MRI, researchers relied on animal physiology and human post-mortem work to assess the impact of eye disease on visual cortex and connecting structures. Using MRI, researchers can non-invasively examine the effects of eye disease on the whole visual pathway, including the lateral geniculate nucleus, striate and extrastriate cortex. This review aims to summarise research using MRI to investigate structural, chemical and functional effects of eye diseases, including: macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, al


Purpose To determine whether dizziness and falls rates change due to routine cataract surgery and to determine the influence of spectacle type and refractive factors. Methods Self-reported dizziness and falls were determined in 287 patients (mean age of 76.5 ± 6.3 years, 55% females) before and after routine cataract surgery for the first (81, 28%), second (109, 38%) and both eyes (97, 34%). Dizziness was determined using the short-form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Six-month falls rates were determined using self-reported retrospective data. Results The number of patients with dizziness reduced significantly after cataract surgery (52% vs 38%; χ 2 = 19.14 , p < 0.001), but the reduction in the number of patients who fell in the 6-months post surgery


Purpose Tumor progression is associated with cell migration, invasion and metastasis. These processes are accompanied by the activation of specific proteases that are either linked to cellular membranes or are secreted into extracellular spaces. TNF-α is known to play an important role in various aspects of tumor progression. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of TNF-α on the migration of breast cancer cells and, in addition, to assess its association with the location of membrane-associated proteases in lipid rafts. Methods Wound scratch healing and Transwell migration assays were used to study the effect of TNF-α on the migration of both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer - derived cells, i.e., MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, respectiv


Background Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in cancer patients. Two major routes of cancer cell spread are currently being recognized: dissemination via blood vessels (hematogenous spread) and dissemination via the lymphatic system (lymphogenous spread). Here, our current knowledge on the role of both blood and lymphatic vessels in cancer cell metastasis is summarized. In addition, I will discuss why cancer cells select one or both of the two routes to disseminate and I will provide a short description of the passive and active models of intravasation. Finally, lymphatic vessel density (LVD), blood vessel density (BVD), interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tumor hypoxia, as well as regional lymph node metastasis and the recently discovered primo va


Purpose Current TNM staging does not appropriately identify high-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) and the presence of stroma in the primary tumor, i.e., the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), in patients undergoing surgical resection of primary CRC provides information relevant for disease outcome. Methods Patients with primary CRC ( n = 125), consecutively admitted for curative resection between 2001 and 2007, were included in the study. All patients underwent BM aspiration before surgery. Detection of tumor cells was performed using immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK-ICC).


Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cumulative term applied to a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occur in the bowel. Based on twin studies, up to 45 % of the CRC cases may involve a heritable component. Yet, only in 5–10 % of these cases high-penetrant germline mutations are found (e.g. mutations in APC and DNA mismatch repair genes) that result in a familial aggregation and/or an early onset of the disease. Genome-wide association studies have revealed that another ~5 % of the CRC cases may be explained by a cumulative effect of low-penetrant risk factors.


Material flow analysis is a tool that is increasingly used as a foundation for resource management and environmental protection. This tool is primarily applied in a static manner to individual years, ignoring the impact of time on the material budgets. In this study, a detailed multiyear model of the Austrian phosphorus budget covering the period 1990–2011 was built to investigate its behavior over time and test the hypothesis that a multiyear approach can also contribute to the improvement of static budgets. Further, a novel method was applied to investigate the quality and characteristics of the data and quantify the uncertainty.


Purpose Goldmann size V (GV) test stimuli are less variable with a greater dynamic range and have been proposed for measuring contrast sensitivity instead of size III (GIII). Since GIII and GV operate within partial summation, we hypothesise that actual GV (aGV) thresholds could predict GIII (pGIII) thresholds, facilitating comparisons between actual GIII (aGIII) thresholds with pGIII thresholds derived from smaller GV variances. We test the suitability of GV for detecting visual field (VF) loss in patients with early glaucoma, and examine eccentricity-dependent effects of number and depth of defects. We also hypothesise that stimuli operating within complete spatial summation (‘spatially equated stimuli’) would detect more and deeper defects.


Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the appearance of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes using infrared (IR) reflectance imaging. IR reflectance imaging of the retina has the potential to highlight specific sub-retinal features and pathology. However, its role in macular disease, specifically AMD, is often underestimated and requires clarification. Recent findings Recent advances in clinical methods, imaging and scientific knowledge may be integrated to improve the accuracy of disease stratification in AMD. In particular, IR imaging holds an underutilised sensitivity to detect reticular pseudodrusen, which have been repeatedly described as a high-risk sign for late AMD.


Purpose It has been repeatedly shown that the TNO stereotest overestimates stereo threshold compared to other clinical stereotests. In the current study, we test whether this overestimation can be attributed to a distinction between ‘global’ (or ‘cyclopean’) and ‘local’ (feature or contour-based) stereopsis. Methods We compared stereo thresholds of a global (TNO) and a local clinical stereotest (Randot Circles). In addition, a global and a local psychophysical stereotest were added to the design. One hundred and forty-nine children between 4 and 16 years old were included in the study. Results Stereo threshold estimates with TNO were a factor of two higher than with any of the other stereotests. No significant differences were found between the other tests.


Purpose Pre-operative progesterone treatment of breast cancer has been shown to confer survival benefits to patients independent of their progesterone receptor (PR) status. The underlying mechanism and the question whether such an effect can also be observed in PR negative breast cancer cells remain to be resolved. Methods We performed proteome profiling of PR-positive and PR-negative breast cancer cells in response to progesterone using a phospho-kinase array platform. Western blotting was used to validate the results. Cell-based phenotypic assays were conducted using PR-positive and PR-negative breast cancer cells to assess the effect of progesterone.


Purpose α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta (B-HCG) are informative serum biomarkers for the primary diagnosis and follow-up of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) patients. About 20% of TGCC patients with a non-seminoma (NS) and about 80% with a seminoma (SE) are, however, negative for these biomarkers. Embryonic stem cell microRNAs (miRs) may serve as promising alternative serum biomarkers. Here we investigated a retrospective series of serum samples from selected TGCC patients who developed a relapse in time to test the possible additional value of the serum-based ampTSmiR test compared to the conventional serum-based protein biomarkers for follow-up.


Purpose Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is associated with several anogenital malignancies. Here, we set out to evaluate digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) as a tool for HPV 16, 18, 33 and 45 viral load quantification and, in addition, to compare the efficacy of the ddPCR assay for HPV 16 detection with that of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Methods Clinical samples, positive for HPV genotypes 16, 18, 33 and 45 were analyzed for viral load using ddPCR. Sample DNA was cleaved before droplet generation and PCR. Droplets positive for VIC and FAM fluorescence were read in a QX200 Droplet reader™ (BIO-RAD) after which the viral load was calculated using Quantasoft software.


Purpose There is a lack of robust and clinically utilizable markers for the diagnosis and prognostication of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This research was aimed at optimizing and exploring novel approaches to improve the diagnosis and prognostication of MPM in pleural effusions and peripheral blood samples. Methods CellSearch-based and flow cytometry-based assays using melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) to identify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pleural effusions and peripheral blood samples of MPM patients were optimized, validated, explored clinically and, in case of pleural effusions, compared with cytological analyses. Additionally, tumor-associated circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were measured in peripheral blood samples.


In this paper, through careful calibration, we demonstrate the possibility of using a single set of models and parameters to model the ON current and Sub-threshold Slope (SS) of an nMOSFET at 300K and 5K using Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD). The device used is a 0.35um technology nMOSFET with W/L=10um/10um. We show that it is possible to model the abnormal SS by using interface acceptor traps with a density less than 2e12cm-2. We also propose trap distribution profiles in the energy space that can be used to reproduce other observed SS from 4K to 300K. Although this work does not prove or disprove any possible origin of the abnormal SS, it shows that one cannot completely rule out the interfacial traps as the origin and it shows that interfacial tra


Large scale magnetic fields pervade the cosmic environment where the astrophysical black holes are often embedded and influenced by the mutual interaction. In this contribution we outline the appropriate mathematical framework to describe magnetized black holes within General Relativity and we show several examples how these can be employed in the astrophysical context. In particular, we examine the magnetized black hole metric in terms of an exact solution of electro-vacuum Einstein-Maxwell equations under the influence of a non-vanishing electric charge. New effects emerge: the expulsion of the magnetic flux out of the black-hole horizon depends on the intensity of the imposed magnetic field.


Achieving fast cooling of motional modes is a prerequisite for leveraging such bosonic quanta for high-speed quantum information processing. In this work, we address the aspect of reducing the time limit for cooling below that constrained by the conventional sideband cooling techniques; and propose a scheme to apply deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to achieve this. In particular, we have shown how the scheme can be used effectively to accelerate the dynamic motional cooling of a macroscopic magnonic sphere, and how it can be uniformly extended for more complex systems, for example, a tripartite opto-magno-mechanical system to obtain cooling of the motional mode below the time bound of coherent cooling.


While the support for the relevance of critical dynamics to brain function is increasing, there is much less agreement on the exact nature of the advocated critical point. Thus, a considerable number of theoretical efforts are currently concentrated on which mechanisms and what type/s of transition can be exhibited by neuronal networks models. In that direction, the present work describes the effect of incorporating a fraction of inhibitory neurons on the collective dynamics. As we show, this results in the appearence of a tricritical point for highly connected networks and non-zero fraction of inhibitory neurons. We discuss the relation of the present results with relevant experimental evidence.


We discuss implications that can be obtained by searches for neutrinos from the brightest gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A. We derive constraints on GRB model parameters such as the cosmic-ray loading factor and dissipation radius, taking into account both neutrino spectra and effective areas. The results are strong enough to constrain proton acceleration near the photosphere, and we find that the single burst limits are comparable to those from stacking analysis. Quasithermal neutrinos from subphotospheres and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from external shocks are not yet constrained.


Modern-day reservoir management and monitoring of geological carbon storage increasingly call for costly time-lapse seismic data collection. In this letter, we show how techniques from graph theory can be used to optimize acquisition geometries for low-cost sparse 4D seismic. Based on midpoint-offset domain connectivity arguments, the proposed algorithm automatically produces sparse non-replicated time-lapse acquisition geometries that favor wavefield recovery.


One of the most important practical hallmarks of topological matter is the presence of topologically protected, exponentially localised edge states at interfaces of regions characterised by unequal topological invariants. Here, we show that even when driven far from their equilibrium ground state, Chern insulators can inherit topological edge features from their parent Hamiltonian. In particular, we show that the asymptotic long-time approach of the non-equilibrium steady state, governed by a Lindblad Master equation, can exhibit edge-selective extremal damping. This phenomenon derives from edge states of non-Hermitian extensions of the parent Chern insulator Hamiltonian.


Laser beam quality is a key parameter for both industry and science. However, the most common measure, the M2 parameter, requires numerous intensity spatial-profiles for its determination. This is particularly inconvenient for modelling the impact of photonic devices on M2, such as metalenses and thin-film stacks, since models typically output a single electric field spatial-profile. Such a profile is also commonly determined in experiments from e.g., Shack-Hartmann sensors, shear plates, or off-axis holography. We introduce and test the validity and limitations of an explicit method to calculate M2 from a single electric field spatial-profile of the beam in any chosen transverse plane along the propagation direction.


Reservoir computers (RC) are randomized recurrent neural networks well adapted to process time series, performing tasks such as nonlinear distortion compensation or prediction of chaotic dynamics. Deep reservoir computers (deep-RC), in which the output of one reservoir is used as the input for another one, can lead to improved performance because, as in other deep artificial neural networks, the successive layers represent the data in more and more abstract ways. We present a fiber-based photonic implementation of a two-layer deep-RC based on frequency multiplexing. The two RC layers are encoded in two frequency combs propagating in the same experimental setup. The connection between the layers is fully analog and does not require any digital processing.


Radio telescopes are susceptible to interference arriving through its sidelobes. If a reflector antenna could be retrofitted with an adaptive null steering system, it could potentially mitigate this interference. The design of a reflectarray which can be used to reconfigure a radio telescopes radiation pattern by driving a null to the angle of incoming interference is presented. The reflectarray occupies only a portion of the rim of the original reflector and lays conformal to the paraboloid within this region. The conformal reflectarray contains unit cells with 1-bit reconfigurability stemming from two symmetrically placed PIN diodes.


One-way quantum repeaters where loss and operational errors are counteracted by quantum error correcting codes can ensure fast and reliable qubit transmission in quantum networks. It is crucial that the resource requirements of such repeaters, for example, the number of qubits per repeater node and the complexity of the quantum error correcting operations are kept to a minimum to allow for near-future implementations. To this end, we propose a one-way quantum repeater that targets both the loss and operational error rates in a communication channel in a resource-efficient manner using code concatenation. Specifically, we consider a tree-cluster code as an inner loss-tolerant code concatenated with an outer 5-qubit code for protection against Pauli errors.


Spin network systems can be used to achieve quantum state transfer with high fidelity and to generate entanglement. A new approach to design spin-chain-based spin network systems, for shortrange quantum information processing and phase-sensing, has been proposed recently in [1]. In this paper, we investigate the scalability of such systems, by designing larger spin network systems that can be used for longer-range quantum information tasks, such as connecting together quantum processors. Furthermore, we present more complex spin network designs, which can produce different types of entangled states. Simulations of disorder effects show that even such larger spin network systems are robust against realistic levels of disorder.


The paper analyzes the probability distribution of the occupancy numbers and the entropy of a system at the equilibrium composed by an arbitrary number of non-interacting bosons. The probability distribution is derived both by tracing out the environment from a bosonic eigenstate of the union of environment and system of interest (the empirical approach) and by tracing out the environment from the mixed state of the union of environment and system of interest (the Bayesian approach). In the thermodynamic limit, the two coincide and are equal to the multinomial distribution.


This study aimed to evaluate the potential of 3D echo-planar imaging (EPI) for improving the reliability of $T_2^*$-weighted ($T_2^*w$) data and quantification of $\textit{R}_2^*$ decay rate and susceptibility ($χ$) compared to conventional gradient echo (GRE)-based acquisition. Eight healthy subjects in a wide age range were recruited. Each subject received repeated scans for both GRE and EPI acquisitions with an isotropic 1 mm resolution at 3 T. Maps of $\textit{R}_2^*$ and $χ$ were quantified and compared using their inter-scan difference to evaluate the test-retest reliability.


We consider a system rotating at extremely high angular velocity, so that its matter is found mostly at the light-cylinder. We posit that it can be described by quantum fields confined to the two-dimensional cylindrical surface rotating about its symmetry axis. We apply this model to study the electromagnetic radiation. In particular, we compute the photon spectrum emitted by the quark-gluon plasma.


We explore the performance of a recursive least-squares algorithm to determine the bandwidth $ω_{12}$ and the detuning $Δω$ of a superconducting cavity. We base the simulations on parameters of the ESS double-spoke cavities. Expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio of derived parameters are given to explore the applicability of the algorithm to other configurations.


Nanotechnology has revolutionized the fabrication of hybrid species with tailored functionalities. A milestone in this field is the DNA conjugation of nanoparticles, introduced almost 30 years ago, which typically exploits the affinity between thiol groups and metallic surfaces. Over the last decades, developments in colloidal research have enabled the synthesis of an assortment of non-metallic structures, such as high-index dielectric nanoparticles, with unique properties not previously accessible with traditional metallic nanoparticles. However, to stabilize, integrate and provide further functionality to non-metallic nanoparticles, reliable techniques for their functionalization with DNA will be crucial.


We study giant graviton expansions of the superconformal index of 4d orbifold/orientifold theories. In general, a giant graviton expansion is given as a multiple sum over wrapping numbers. It has been known that the expansion can be reduced to a simple sum for the ${\cal N}=4$ $U(N)$ SYM by choosing appropriate expansion variables. We find such a reduction occurs for a few examples of orbifold and orientifold theories: $\mathbb{Z}_k$ orbifold and orientifolds with $O3$ and $O7$. We also argue that for a quiver gauge theory associated with a toric Calabi-Yau $3$-fold the simple-sum expansion works only if the toric diagram is a triangle, that is, the Calabi-Yau is an orbifold of $\mathbb{C}^3$.


The need of near-surface color centers in diamond for quantum technologies motivates the controlled doping of specific extrinsic impurities into the crystal lattice. Recent experiments have shown that this can be achieved by momentum transfer from a surface precursor via ion implantation, an approach known as ``recoil implantation.'' Here, we extend this technique to incorporate dielectric precursors for creating nitrogen-vacancy (NV) and silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond. Specifically, we demonstrate that gallium focused-ion-beam exposure to a thin layer of silicon nitride or silicon dioxide on the diamond surface results in the introduction of both extrinsic impurities and carbon vacancies.


We have generalized the four-dimensional Langevin approach used in our previous works for the description of fission process to the five-dimensional by considering the neck parameter $\eps$ in the two-center shell model shape parametrization as an independent dynamical variable. The calculated results for the mass distribution of fission fragments are in better agreement with the available experimental data. In particular, the transition from the mass-symmetric to mass-asymmetric fission via the triple-humped distribution in fission of Thorium isotopes is well reproduced.


Combining previous results, the D3-anti-D3-brane pair potential U(T,φ) is presented here, where the inflaton φ measures the separation between the D3-brane and the anti-D3-brane, and the complex scalar mode T becomes tachyonic when the annihilation of the branes happens as they collide. Besides the distinct form of the inflationary potential, this hybrid inflationary model differs from a typical hybrid model in 2 important aspects: (1) U(T,φ) becomes complex when T becomes tachyonic, where Im U(T,φ) plays an important role in the dynamics towards the end of the inflationary epoch; (2) tunnelling during the inflationary epoch can happen; this is particularly relevant if there are multiple D3-anti-D3-brane pairs in different warped throats.


In this contribution we describe a recent study focused on the lattice calculation of inclusive decay rates of heavy mesons. We show how the inclusive calculation can be achieved starting from four-point lattice correlation functions normalised appropriately. The correlators used in this project come from gauge ensembles provided by the JLQCD and ETM collaborations. An essential point of this method is the extraction of spectral densities from lattice correlators which is obtained using two of the most recent approaches in the literature. Our results are in remarkable agreement with analytical predictions from the operator-product expansion. This study represents the first step towards a full lattice QCD study of heavy mesons inclusive semileptonic decays.


Photonspheres, curved hypersurfaces on which massless particles can perform closed geodesic motions around highly compact objects, are an integral part of generic black-hole spacetimes. In the present compact paper we prove, using analytical techniques, that the innermost light rings of spherically symmetric hairy black-hole spacetimes whose external matter fields are characterized by a traceless energy-momentum tensor cannot be located arbitrarily close to the central black hole. In particular, we reveal the physically interesting fact that the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations set the lower bound $r_γ\geq {6\over5}r_{\text{H}}$ on the radii of traceless black-hole photonspheres, where $r_{\text{H}}$ is the radius of the outermost black-h


Superconductor-insulator/metal transition (SIT/SMT) as a paradigm of quantum phase transition has been a research highlight over the last three decades. Benefit from recent developments in the fabrication and measurements of 2D superconducting films and nanodevices, unprecedented quantum phenomena have been revealed in the quantum phase transitions of 2D superconductors. In this review, we introduce the recent progress on quantum phase transitions in 2D superconductors, focusing on the quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS) and anomalous metal state. Characterized by a divergent critical exponent when approaching zero temperature, QGS of SMT is discovered in ultrathin crystalline Ga films and subsequently detected in various 2D superconductors.


We demonstrate that a class of stable $\mathbb{Z}_2$ monopole charge Dirac point ($\mathbb{Z}_2$DP) phases can robustly exist in real materials, which surmounts the understanding: that is, a $\mathbb{Z}_2$DP is unstable and generally considered to be only the critical point of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ nodal line ($\mathbb{Z}_2$NL) characterized by a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ monopole charge (the second Stiefel-Whitney number $w_2$) with space-time inversion symmetry but no spin-orbital coupling. For the first time, we explicitly reveal the higher-order bulk-boundary correspondence in the stable $\mathbb{Z}_2$DP phase.


Calabi-Yau (CY) manifolds play a ubiquitous role in string theory. As a supersymmetry-preserving choice for the 6 extra compact dimensions of superstring compactifications, these spaces provide an arena in which to explore the rich interplay between physics and geometry. These lectures will focus on compact CY manifolds and the long standing problem of determining their Ricci flat metrics. Despite powerful existence theorems, no analytic expressions for these metrics are known. In this lecture series we review numerical approximation methods for Ricci flat CY metrics. Our first aim is to give a brief overview of the mathematical framework underlying CY geometry, and the various metrics that CY manifolds admit.


Muon scattering tomography utilises muons, typically originating from cosmic rays to image the interiors of dense objects. However, due to the low flux of cosmic ray muons at sea-level and the highly complex interactions that muons display when travelling through matter, existing reconstruction algorithms often suffer from low resolution and high noise. In this work, we develop a novel two-stage deep learning algorithm, $μ$-Net, consisting of an MLP to predict the muon trajectory and a ConvNeXt-based U-Net to convert the scattering points into voxels. $μ$-Net achieves a state-of-the-art performance of 17.14 PSNR at the dosage of 1024 muons, outperforming traditional reconstruction algorithms such as the point of closest approach algorithm and maximum likelih


The concept of concurrence is researched to characterize the dynamical behavior of the bipartite systems. The quantum kicked top model has great significance in the qubit systems and the chaotic properties of the entanglement. The eigenvalues of the reduced symmetric density matrix are determined, it allows us to understand this driven system to distinguish between regularity and chaoticity dynamics in the finite simulation, which depend on the strength excitation in the framework of the concurrence.


The nonlinear energy harvesting systems of the forced vibration with an electron-mechanical coupling are widely used to capture ambient vibration energy and convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, the nonlinear response mechanism of the friction induced vibration (FIV) energy harvesting system with multiple stability and stick-slip motion is still unclear. In the current paper, a novel nonlinear energy harvesting model with multiple stability of single-, double- and triple-well potential is proposed based on V-shaped structure spring and the belt conveying system. The dynamic equations for the energy harvesting system with multiple stability and self-excited friction are established by using Euler-Lagrangian equations.


We review the physics case for CP-violating axions. In the first part, we focus on the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) axion and argue that new sources of CP violation beyond QCD misalign the axion solution to the strong CP problem and can manifest themselves via a tiny scalar axion-nucleon component. We hence highlight recent advancements in calculating this scalar axion-nucleon coupling, a parameter that could be probed via axion-mediated force experiments. In the second part, we focus on axion-like particle (ALP) interactions entailing the most general sources of CP violation. After classifying the full set of CP-violating Jarlskog invariants, we report on recent calculations of ALP contributions to permanent electric dipole moments.


Topological invariants are fundamental characteristics reflecting global properties of quantum systems, yet their exploration has predominantly been limited to the static (DC) transport and transverse (Hall) channel. In this work, we extend the spectral sum rules for frequency-resolved electric conductivity $σ(ω)$ in topological systems, and show that the sum rule for the longitudinal channel is expressed through topological and quantum-geometric invariants. We find that for dispersionless (flat) Chern bands, the rule is expressed as, $ \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} dω\, \text{Re}(σ_{xx} + σ_{yy}) = C Δe^2$, where $C$ is the Chern number, $Δ$ the topological gap, and $e$ the electric charge.


Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are famous for the diversity of their chemical compositions, phases and phase transitions, and associated physical properties. We use a combination of experimental and computational techniques to reveal strong coupling between structure, magnetism, and spin splitting in a representative of the largest family of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites: the formates. With the help of first-principles simulations, we find spin splitting in both conduction and valence bands of [NH$_2$NH$_3$]Co(HCOO)$_3$, induced by spin-orbit interactions, which can reach up to 14~meV. Our magnetic measurements reveal that this material exhibits canted antiferromagnetism below 15.5 K.


We introduce a novel Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm aimed at addressing the challenge of maintaining a uniform proton beam intensity delivery in the Muon to Electron Conversion Experiment (Mu2e) at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Our primary objective is to regulate the spill process to ensure a consistent intensity profile, with the ultimate goal of creating an automated controller capable of providing real-time feedback and calibration of the Spill Regulation System (SRS) parameters on a millisecond timescale. We treat the Mu2e accelerator system as a Markov Decision Process suitable for Reinforcement Learning (RL), utilizing PPO to reduce bias and enhance training stability.


In this work, we examine the cosmological characteristics of the Power Law Entropy Corrected Holographic Dark Energy (PLECHDE) model with infrared (IR) cut-off, which is determined by the curvature parameter $k$, the time derivative of $H$, and the average radius of the Ricci scalar curvature $R$, which varies with the Hubble parameter $H$ squared. We obtain the deceleration parameter $q$ and the Equation of State (EoS) parameter of Dark Energy (DE) $ω_D$. Additionally, we derive the Hubble parameter $H$ and the scale factor $a$ expressions as functions of the cosmic time $t$. Additionally, we examine the limiting scenario that pertains to a flat Dark Dominated Universe.


Targeted free energy perturbation uses an invertible mapping to promote configuration space overlap and the convergence of free energy estimates. However, developing suitable mappings can be challenging. Wirnsberger et al. (2020) demonstrated the use of machine learning to train deep neural networks that map between Boltzmann distributions for different thermodynamic states. Here, we adapt their approach to free energy differences of a flexible bonded molecule, deca-alanine, with harmonic biases with different spring centers. When the neural network is trained until ``early stopping'' - when the loss value of the test set increases - we calculate accurate free energy differences between thermodynamic states with spring centers separated by 1 Å and sometimes


We use the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and a hard-core boson map to investigate the quantum phase transitions present in the phase diagram of the frustrated Heisenberg ladder in a magnetic field. The quantum bicritical point is observed at the end of a first-order transition line, which is at the meeting of the two second-order transition lines that bound the fully polarized plateau. The characterization of the bicritical point was made using a hard-core boson mapping of the low-energy excitations from the fully polarized phase and through DMRG by studying the probability density of finding the rung spins in a singlet or a triplet state with zero spin component along the magnetic field.


Changes in the flux and spectrum of Eta Carinae since 1900 have been attributed to the evolution of the central binary by some. Others suggest evolution in the occulting ejecta. The brightness jump in the 1940s, which coincided with the appearance of narrow forbidden emission lines, may have been caused by the clearing and ionization of intervening circumstellar ejecta. The brightening changed at a slower pace up through forty years later. Here we continue earlier studies focused on the long-term showing that the forbidden line emission increased in the early 1990s with no noticeable increase in the brightness of the Homunculus.


We present a finite element framework for the numerical prediction of cavitating turbulent flows interacting with flexible structures. The vapor-fluid phases are captured through a homogeneous mixture model, with a scalar transport equation governing the spatio-temporal evolution of cavitation dynamics. High-density gradients in the two-phase cavitating flow motivate the use of a positivity-preserving Petrov-Galerkin stabilization method in the variational framework. A mass transfer source term introduces local compressibility effects arising as a consequence of phase change. The turbulent fluid flow is modeled through a dynamic subgrid-scale method for large eddy simulations.


Nodal-line semimetals are topological phases where the conduction and the valence bands cross each other along one-dimensional lines in the Brillouin zone, which are symmetry protected by either spatial symmetries or time-reversal symmetry. In particular, nodal lines protected by the combined $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry exhibits the parity anomaly of 2D Dirac fermions. In this Letter, we study the electrochemical transport in a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Dirac nodal line semimetals by using the semiclassical Boltzmann equation approach. We derive a general formula for the topological current that includes both the Berry curvature and the orbital magnetic moment.


We carry out a detailed study of medium modifications on momentum and angular correlations between a large transverse momentum hadron and a $Z/γ$ trigger in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within a perturbative QCD parton model improved by the Sudakov resummation technique. The total energy loss of a hard parton propagating inside the medium is employed to modify the fragmentation function, while the medium-induced transverse momentum broadening is included in the resummation approach, and both of them are related to the jet transport parameter and obtained by the high-twist formalism.


Many living and artificial systems show a similar emergent behavior and collective motions on different scales, starting from swarms of bacteria to synthetic active particles, herds of mammals and crowds of people. What all these systems often have in common is that new collective properties like flocking emerge from interactions between individual self-propelled or externally driven units. Such systems are naturally out-of-equilibrium and propel at the expense of consumed energy. Mimicking nature by making self-propelled or externally driven particles and studying their individual and collective motility may allow for deeper understanding of physical underpinnings behind the collective motion of large groups of interacting objects or beings.


The observations of gravitational waves (GWs) have revealed the existence of black holes (BHs) above $30M_\odot$. A variety of scenarios have been proposed as their origin. Among the scenarios, we consider the population III (Pop~III) star scenario. In this scenario, binary black holes (BBHs) containing such massive BHs are naturally produced. We consider Pop~I/II field binaries, Pop~III field binaries and the binaries dynamically formed in globular clusters. We employ a hierarchical Bayesian analysis method and constrain the branching fraction of each formation channel in our universe by using the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational wave transient catalog (GWTC-3) events. We find that the Pop~I/II field binary channel dominates the entire merging BBHs.


Carrollian field theories at the classical level possess an infinite number of space-time symmetries, namely the supertranslations. In this article, we inquire whether these symmetries for interacting Carrollian scalar field theory survive in the presence of quantum effects. For interactions polynomial in the field, the answer is in the affirmative. We also study a renormalization group flow particularly tailored to respect the manifest Carroll invariance and analyze the consequences of introducing Carroll-breaking deformations. The renormalization group flow, with perturbative loop-level effects taken into account, indicates a new fixed point apart from the Gaussian ones.


In this study, we investigate swampland conjectures within the setup of matter and non-metricity nonminimal coupling theories of gravity. We examine how the inflationary solution produced by a single scalar field can be resolved with the swampland criteria in string theory regarding the formation of de Sitter solutions. The new important findings are that the inflationary scenario in our study differs from the one in general relativity because of the presence of a nonminimal coupling term, and that difference gives the correction to general relativity. In addition, we observe that the slow-roll conditions and the swampland conjectures are incompatible with each other for a single scalar field within the framework of nonminimally coupled alternative gravity t


We suggest commutation relations for a quantum measure. In one version of these relations, the right-hand side takes account of the presence of curvature of space; in the simplest case, this yields the action of general relativity. We consider the cases of the quantization of the measure on spaces of constant curvature and show that in this case the commutation relations for the quantum measure are analogues of commutation relations in loop quantum gravity. It is assumed that, in contrast to loop quantum gravity, a triangulation of space is a necessary trick for quantizing such a nonlocal quantity like a measure; in doing so, the space remains a smooth manifold.


We describe the dynamical formation of the shadow of a collapsing star in a Hayward spacetime in terms of an observer far away from the center and a free falling observer. By solving the time-like and light-like radial geodesics we determine the angular size of the shadow as a function of time. We found that the formation of the shadow is a finite process for both observers and its size is affected by the Hayward spacetime parameters. We consider several scenarios, from the Schwarzschild limit to an extreme Hayward black hole.


This paper investigates the impacts of the different surface energy coefficients on the compound nucleus decay modes during heavy ion fusion reactions, with focus given to the superheavy nuclei (SHN) in the range of $Z=112-118$. The evaporation-residue (ER) cross sections were calculated for different surface asymmetric constants, $k_{s}$ and surface energy constants, $γ_{0}$. In these calculations, the di-nuclear system model and proximity potential, along with considering deformed nuclei, were employed. Comparing the experimental data and this theoretical approach, the best values of $k_{s}$ and $γ_{0}$ are $0.7546$ and $0.9180~\mathrm{MeV~fm^{-2}}$, respectively.


RW Aurigae is a young stellar system containing a classical T Tauri star as the primary component. It shows deep, irregular dimmings, first detected in 2010. At the University Observatory Jena, we carried out optical follow-up observations. We performed multiband (BVRI) photometry of the system with the Cassegrain-Teleskop-Kamera II and the Schmidt-Teleskop-Kamera between September 2016 and April 2019, as well as spectroscopy, using the Fibre Linked ÉCHelle Astronomical Spectrograph between September 2016 and April 2018. We present the apparent photometry of RW Aur, which is consistent with and complementary to photometric data from the American Association of Variable Star Observers.


To quantify the entanglement of bipartite systems in terms of some entanglement measure is a challenging problem in general, and it is much worse when the information about the system is less. In this manuscript, based on two classes of entanglement criteria, we present a method to obtain the lower bounds of the entanglement measures, concurrence, entanglement of formation, and geometrical entanglement measure.


The Hadley circulation (or Hadley cell) is traditionally described as a large-scale atmospheric circulation phenomenon driven by differential heating of the Earth surface: warm, moist air rises near the equator, diverges poleward in the upper troposphere, and subsides in the subtropics. In this article, the mechanism of the Hadley circulation is revisited and a new model is provided to explain its mechanism. The new model is based on a form of the atmospheric dynamic equation which substitutes pressure with temperature and density; thereby categorizing weather systems into thermal and dynamic systems. Such classification is useful for explaining large-scale weather systems such as the Hadley cell.


We present a mean field solution of the dynamics of a Greenberg-Hastings neural network with both excitatory and inhibitory units. We analyse the dynamical phase transitions that appear in the stationary state as the model parameters are varied. Analytical solutions are compared with numerical simulations of the microscopic model defined on a fully connected network. We found that the stationary state of this system exhibits a first order dynamical phase transition (with the associated hysteresis) when the fraction of inhibitory units $f< f_t \leq 1/2$, even for a finite system.


Geoscientists use observed data to estimate properties of the Earth's interior. This often requires non-linear inverse problems to be solved and uncertainties to be estimated. Bayesian inference solves inverse problems under a probabilistic framework, in which uncertainty is represented by a so-called posterior probability distribution. Recently, variational inference has emerged as an efficient method to estimate Bayesian solutions. By seeking the closest approximation to the posterior distribution within any chosen family of distributions, variational inference yields a fully probabilistic solution. It is important to define expressive variational families so that the posterior distribution can be represented accurately.


Light transition metals have recently emerged as a sustainable material class for efficient spin-charge interconversion. We report measurements of current-induced spin-orbit torques generated by Ni$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ alloys in perpendicularly magnetized ferrimagnetic Gd/Fe multilayers. We show that the spin-orbit torque efficiency of Ni$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ increases with the Ni/Cu atomic ratio, reaching values comparable to those of Pt for Ni$_{55}$Cu$_{45}$. Furthermore, we demonstrate magnetization switching of a 20-nm-thick Gd/Fe multilayer with a threshold current that decreases with increasing Ni concentration, similar to the spin-orbit torque efficiency.


The structure of self-bound one-dimensional droplets containing a mixture of Ytterbium fermionic isotopes ($^{173}$Yb, $^{171}$Yb) is calculated by means of a diffusion Monte Carlo technique. We considered only balanced setups in which all the atoms of one isotope are spin-polarized, while the atoms of the other can have up to three different spin values, that difference being a necessary requirement to achieve stable systems. Our results indicate that these droplets consist of consecutive "molecules" made up of one $^{173}$Yb and one $^{171}$Yb atom. In other words, we have up to three different kinds of composite bosons, corresponding to the number of spin components in the non-polarized isotope.


The coupling between electron orbital momentum and spin momentum, known as spin-orbit coupling (SOC), is a fundamental origin of a multitude of fascinating physical phenomena, especially it holds paramount significance in the realm of topological materials. In our work, we have predicted the topological phase in Hg-based chalcopyrite compounds using the first principles density functional theory. The initial focus was on HgSnN 2 , revealing it to be a nonmagnetic Weyl semimetal, while HgSnP 2 displayed characteristics of a strong topological insulator. What makes our work truly unique is that despite both compounds having the same SOC strength, arises from Hg, they exhibit distinct topological phases due to the distinct hybridization effect of the Hg-5d and


Subensemble Acceptance Method (SAM) [1,2] is an essential link between measured event-by-event fluctuations and their grand canonical theoretical predictions such as lattice QCD. The method allows quantifying the global conservation law effects in fluctuations. In its basic formulation, SAM requires a sufficiently large system such as created in central nucleus-nucleus collisions and sufficient space-momentum correlations. Directly in the spinodal region of the First Order Phase Transition (FOPT) different approximations should be used that account for finite size effects. Thus, we present the generalization of SAM applicable in both the pure phases, metastable and unstable regions of the phase diagram [3].


Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is becoming increasingly popular in microseismic monitoring operations. This data acquisition technology converts fiber-optic cables into dense arrays of seismic sensors that can sample the seismic wavefield produced by active or passive sources with a high spatial density, over distances ranging from a few hundred meters to tens of kilometers. However, standard microseismic data analysis procedures have several limitations when dealing with the high spatial (inter-sensor spacing up to sub-meter scale) sampling rates of DAS systems. Here we propose a semblance-based seismic event detection method that fully exploits the high spatial sampling of the DAS data.


We compute the Mellin amplitude of the planar four-point correlator of weight-two half-BPS operators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM at one and two-loop orders in the small 't Hooft coupling expansion. The two-loop Mellin amplitude has an infinite number of poles, as expected from a stringy bulk dual. We then perform a Mellin conformal block expansion of the amplitude and extract the one-loop anomalous dimensions and OPE coefficients of the exchanged twist-two singlet multiplets. Our results match those of Dolan and Osborn \cite{Dolan:2004iy} but the computation is rather straightforward in Mellin space.


The production of a heavy quark is accompanied by gluon bremsstrahlung with angular and momentum spectra predicted by perturbative Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). The radiation off heavy quarks is predicted to be suppressed for large momentum particles, as a consequence of the angular ``dead cone effect''. In this paper, we studied this effect using data from Z boson decays to c- or b-quarks in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. The momentum spectra for charged particles are reconstructed in the momentum fraction variable $x$ or $ξ=\ln(1/x)$ by removing the decays of the heavy hadrons.


We study the scattering of fermions off 't Hooft lines in the Standard Model. A long-standing paradox suggests that the outgoing fermions necessarily carry fractional quantum numbers. In a previous paper, we resolved this paradox in the context of a number of toy models where we showed that the outgoing radiation is created by operators that are attached to a co-dimension 1 topological surface. This shifts the quantum numbers of the outgoing states associated to non-anomalous symmetries to be integer valued as required, while the quantum numbers associated to anomalous symmetries are fractional. Here we apply these ideas to the Standard Model.


Incompressible fluid equations are studied with UV cut-off and in periodic boundary conditions. Properties of the resulting ODEs holding uniformly in the cut-off are considered and, in particular, are conjectured to be equivalent to properties of other time reversible equations. Reversible equations with the same regularization and describing equivalently the fluid, and the fluctuations of large classes of observables, are examined in the context of the "Chaotic Hypothesis", "Axiom C" and the "Fluctuation Theorem".


In this paper, we consider the preparation of Schrödinger cat states using a measurement-assisted gate based on the Fock resource state, the quantum non-demolition (QND) entangling operation, and the homodyne measurement. Previously we have investigated the gate, which for the same goal uses the ancillary non-Gaussian cubic phase state generated from quadrature squeezed states at realistic (finite) squeezing. It is of evident interest to compare the efficiency of both schemes, that is, their ability to produce cat-like superpositions with high fidelity and probability of success.


Quantum kernel methods are a candidate for quantum speed-ups in supervised machine learning. The number of quantum measurements N required for a reasonable kernel estimate is a critical resource, both from complexity considerations and because of the constraints of near-term quantum hardware. We emphasize that for classification tasks, the aim is reliable classification and not precise kernel evaluation, and demonstrate that the former is far more resource efficient. Furthermore, it is shown that the accuracy of classification is not a suitable performance metric in the presence of noise and we motivate a new metric that characterizes the reliability of classification.


We investigate the relaxation dynamics of equal-time correlations in the antiferromagnetic phase of the XXZ spin-1/2 chain following a global quantum quench of the anisotropy parameter. We focus, in particular, on the relaxation dynamics starting from an initial Néel state. Using state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group simulations, the exact solution of an effective free-fermion model, and the quench-action approach within the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, we show that the late-time relaxation is characterized by a power-law decay $\sim t^{-3/2}$ independent of anisotropy. This is in contrast to the previously studied exponential decay of the antiferromagnetic order parameter.


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Beachwalk Beachwear & Giftware

  A superb collection of fine gifts and clothing
 to accent your stay in Mexico Beach.

 3102 Highway 98
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What is the latitude and longitude of the Empire State Building?

Answer:
Latitude: 40 deg 44 min 54.36 sec N
Longitude: 73 deg 59 min 8.5 sec W

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What is the latitude and longitude of the Empire State Building?

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Google.Org

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E-mail: secretariat (at) google.org
URL: www.google.org

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NBA Eastern Conference First Round Playoff Tickets:
 Miami Heat at Philadelphia 76ers - Game 3 (Home Game 1)

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8:00 p.m.

Wells Fargo Center

Philadelphia, PA

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Books >
 Literature & Fiction >
 Classics

The Catcher in the Rye - Mass Market Paperback
by J.D. Salinger
4 stars - 3077 reviews

Price: $6.99
In Stock

Product details
224 pages
Publisher: Little, Brown, and Company - May 1, 1991
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0316769487

Reviews:

5 stars - "A masterpiece of literature"
by John Doe. Written on May 4, 2006
I really enjoyed this book.


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Resistance 3: Fall of Man
by Sony
Platform: Playstation 3
Rated: Mature

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Platform: Playstation 3
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Classic Rock Playlist

1.Sweet Home Alabama - Lynard Skynard
2.Shook you all Night Long - AC/DC
3.Sharp Dressed Man - ZZ Top
4.Old Time Rock and Roll - Bob Seger
5.Hurt So Good - John Cougar

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Springfield Town Hall
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 Closed Sun

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Palo Alto High School
50 Embarcadero Rd
Pallo Alto, CA 94301

List of Alumni:
John Doe
Sarah Glames

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 50 Embarcadero Rd
 Palo Alto,
 CA 94301

 List of Alumni

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Grey's Anatomy is a medical drama television series created by Shonda Rimes
Starring:
Justin Chambers
Jessica Capshaw

Season 1 - May 22, 2005
Season 2 - May 14, 2006

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 Jessica Capshaw

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 King of Limbs

 Radiohead

Sample Tracks

Bloom - 5:14

Morning Mr Magpie - 4:40

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 <link href="/artist/radiohead/album/the-king-of-limbs" itemprop="url" />

 <meta content="8" itemprop="numTracks" />
 <meta content="Alt/Punk" itemprop="genre" />

 Radiohead


PRE-MARKUP:

Software Engineer

Location:
 Kirkland WA

Industry: Computer Software

Occupational Category: 15-1132.00 Software Developers, Application

Hours: Full-time, 40 hours per week

Salary: USD 100000

 Description: ABC Company Inc.
 seeks a full-time mid-level software engineer to develop in-house tools.

Responsibilities:

Design and write specifications for tools for in-house customers

Build tools according to specifications

Educational requirements:

Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science, Information Sys


PRE-MARKUP:

ACME Racing Bike in black (2008). ACME Racing Bike, bought 8/2008, almost new, with
a signature of Eddy Merckx on the frame.

MICRODATA:

We use the IndividualProduct type when we are concerned with the specific item,
rather than a set of indistinguishably similar items.

 <link itemprop="additionalType" href="http://www.productontology.org/id/Racing_bicycle" />
 ACME Racing Bike in black (2008)
 ACME Racing Bike, bought 8/2008, almost new, with a signature of
Eddy Merckx on the frame.

RDFA:


PRE-MARKUP:

We have the Brother HL-2230 on sale! Brother HL-2230 Compact Laser
Printer. A fast, great-looking, compact laser printer for your
desk. GTIN13: 0012502627104

MICRODATA:

The SomeProducts type is used when the product is an item drawn from a
collection of interchangeably similar items.

 We have the Brother HL-2230 on sale!
 Brother HL-2230 Compact Laser Printer
 <link itemprop="additionalType"
 href="http://www.productontology.org/id/Printer_(computing)" />
 A fast, great-looking, compact laser
 printer for your desk.
 GTIN13: 0012502627104

RDFA:


PRE-MARKUP:

ACME Colorvision 123. The ACME Colorvision 123 is the leading-edge color TV from
our company. EAN/UPC: 1234567890128.

MICRODATA:

A ProductModel gives a datasheet or vendor specification of a
product (in the sense of a prototypical description). Use this type
when you are describing a product datasheet rather than an actual
product, e.g. if you are the manufacturer of the product and want to
mark up your product specification pages. For example: The ACME
Colorvision 123 specifiation on the ACME Corp. site for that model.

 <link itemprop="additionalType"
 href="http://www.productontology.org/id/Television_set" />
 ACME Colorvision 123</


PRE-MARKUP:

John created an exercise plan with Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John created an exercise plan with Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CreateAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "result": {
 "@type": "ExercisePlan",
 "name": "John's weight loss plan"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John lost a match of angry birds to Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John lost a match of angry birds to Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "LoseAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
 "name": "Angry Birds"
 },
 "winner": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John tied on a match of chess with Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John tied on a match of chess with Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WinAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
 "name": "chess"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John won a Nobel prize.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John won a book about the Nobel prize. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WinAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Book",
 "name": "Top 1000 Things You Didn't Know about Nobel prizes"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John voted on Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John voted on Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "VoteAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "candidate": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John ignored Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John ignored Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "IgnoreAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John and Steve ignored an article.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John and Steve ignored an article. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "IgnoreAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "name": "Do we really need to know whether P = NP?"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John reacted to a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John reacted to a scholar paper claiming that P = NP!. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ReactAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John and Steve dislike an article.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John and Steve dislike an article. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DislikeAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John and Steve want an ipod.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John and Steve want an ipod. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WantAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Product",
 "name": "ipod"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John and Steve reviewed an article.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John and Steve reviewed an article. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ReviewAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "resultReview": {
 "@type": "Review",
 "reviewBody": "It is pretty awesome!"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "name": "We found out that P = NP!"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

The biceps consumed 100 calories.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- The biceps consumed 100 calories. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ConsumeAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Test Candidate One"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
 "value": 100,
 "unitText": "calories"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John eat a cake.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John eat a cake. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "EatAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Product",
 "name": "Cake"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John installed fitbit.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John installed fitbit. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "InstallAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "MobileApplication",
 "name": "Fitbit"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John listened to Pink.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John listened to Pink. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ListenAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "MusicGroup",
 "name": "Pink!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John listened to star 101.3.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John listened to star 101.3. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ListenAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "RadioStation",
 "name": "Star 101.3"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John listened to an Elvis playlist.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John listened to an Elvis playlist. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ListenAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "MusicPlaylist",
 "name": "All Elvis Songs"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John read an article.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John read an article. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ReadAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "name": "Article"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John read a book.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John read a book. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ReadAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Book",
 "name": "We found that P = NP!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John used an exercise plan.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John used an exercise plan. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "UseAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "ExercisePlan",
 "name": "How to lose 100 calories a day."
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John wore Calvin Klein.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John wore Calvin Klein. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WearAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Brand",
 "name": "Calvin Klein"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John watched Friends.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John watched Friends. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WatchAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "TVEpisode",
 "name": "Friends!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John watched The Big Bang Theory

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John watched The Big Bang Theory -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WatchAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "TVSeries",
 "name": "The Big Bang Theory"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John watched The Internship

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John watched The Internship -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WatchAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Movie",
 "name": "The Internship"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John watched The Bolshoi Ballet group in Russia.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John watched The Bolshoi Ballet group in Russia.-->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "WatchAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "PerformingGroup",
 "name": "Bolshoi"
 },
 "location": {
 "@type": "PerformingArtsTheater",
 "name": "Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John created a website.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John created a web page. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CreateAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "result": {
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "name": "John's thought about the web"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John cooked a dinner.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John cooked a dinner.-->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CookAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Thing",
 "name": "dinner!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John filmed The Internship.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John filmed The Internship.-->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "FilmAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Movie",
 "name": "The Internship"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.-->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "PaintAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Painting",
 "name": "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John discovered a Pink!

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John discovered a Pink! -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DiscoverAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "MusicRecording",
 "name": "Pink"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John tracked his fitbit via UPS.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John tracked his fitbit via UPS. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "TrackAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Product",
 "name": "fitbit"
 },
 "deliveryMethod": {
 "@type": "DeliveryMethod",
 "@id": "http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#UPS"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John interacted with Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John interacted with Steve.-->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "InteractAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "participant": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John communicated with Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John communicated with Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CommunicateAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John communicated to the medical community his retirement.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John communicated to the medical community his retirement. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CommunicateAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "MedicalAudience",
 "name": "Brain surgeons"
 },
 "object": "I'm retiring"
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John asked Steve 'What is 2 + 2?'.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John asked Steve 'What is 2 + 2?'. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "AskAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 },
 "question": {
 "@type": "Question",
 "text": "What's 2 + 2?"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John checked in at Yandex.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John checked in at Yandex. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CheckInAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "location": {
 "@type": "Place",
 "address": {
 "@type": "PostalAddress",
 "name": "Yandex",
 "streetAddress": "16 Leo Tolstoy St",
 "addressLocality": "Moscow",
 "addressCountry": "Russia",
 "postalCode": "119021"
 }
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John checked into a flight at the airport.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John checked into a flight at the airport. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CheckInAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Flight",
 "flightNumber": "110",
 "provider": "Aeroflot",
 "departureAirport": "SVO",
 "departureTime": "2014-10-01T15:30:00Z",
 "arrivalTime": "2014-10-02T12:00:00Z",
 "arrivalAirport": "SFO"
 },
 "location": {
 "@type": "Place",
 "address": {
 "@type": "PostalAddress",
 "name": "Sheremetyevo International Airport",
 "addressLocality": "Khimki",
 "addressRegion": "Moscow Region",
 "addressCountry"


PRE-MARKUP:

John checked into a flight online.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John checked into a flight online. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CheckInAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Flight",
 "flightNumber": "AA110"
 },
 "instrument": {
 "@type": "WebApplication",
 "url": "http://aa.com"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John checked out of a flight online.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John checked out of a flight online. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CheckOutAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Flight",
 "flightNumber": "AA110"
 },
 "instrument": {
 "@type": "WebApplication",
 "url": "http://aa.com"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John commented on a blog post.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John commented on a blog post. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "CommentAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "resultComment": {
 "@type": "Comment",
 "text": "That's cool!"
 },
 "about": {
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "name": "We found that P = NP!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John informed Steve of a work party.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John informed Steve of a work party. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "InformAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 },
 "event": {
 "@type": "BusinessEvent",
 "name": "Department party"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John confirmed the game was still on.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John confirmed the game was still on. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ConfirmAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "event": {
 "@type": "SportsEvent",
 "name": "NBA finals"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John confirmed his presence on the event.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John confirmed his presence on the event. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "RsvpAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "event": {
 "@type": "SportsEvent",
 "name": "NBA finals"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John invited Steve to his party.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John invited Steve to his party. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "InviteAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 },
 "event": {
 "@type": "Event",
 "name": "Steve's party"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John replied '4' to Steve's question 'What's 2 + 2?'.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John replied '4' to Steve's question 'What's 2 + 2?'. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ReplyAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 },
 "resultComment": {
 "@type": "Answer",
 "parentItem": {
 "@type": "Question",
 "text": "What's 2 + 2?"
 },
 "text": "4."
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John shared a post with Steve.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John shared a post with Steve. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ShareAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "recipient": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "Steve"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "Blog",
 "name": "We proved that 2 + 2 = 4!"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John joined the Beatles.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John joined the Beatles. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "JoinAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "MusicGroup",
 "name": "The Beatles"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John joined the festival.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John joined the festival. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "JoinAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "event": {
 "@type": "Festival",
 "name": "Woodstock"
 }
}
</script>


PRE-MARKUP:

John left the Chicago Bulls.

MICRODATA:

This example is JSON only.

RDFA:

This example is JSON only.

JSON:

<!-- John left the Chicago Bulls. -->
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "LeaveAction",
 "agent": {
 "@type": "Person",
 "name": "John"
 },
 "object": {
 "@type": "SportsTeam",
 "name": "Chicago Bulls"
 }
}
</script>