"""Per-head induction / prev-token / ICL scores across an open model's training checkpoints. Writes one JSONL row per (checkpoint, layer, head) plus a per-checkpoint summary row. Resumable: skips checkpoints already present in the output file. Purges each checkpoint from the HF cache after probing (154 ckpts would otherwise be ~58GB). """ import argparse, json, os, shutil, sys, time import torch from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer from huggingface_hub import list_repo_refs p = argparse.ArgumentParser() p.add_argument("--model", default="EleutherAI/pythia-160m") p.add_argument("--out", required=True) p.add_argument("--batch", type=int, default=16) p.add_argument("--seqlen", type=int, default=64) p.add_argument("--seeds", type=int, default=3) # stimulus seeds -> error bars on every score p.add_argument("--limit", type=int, default=0) p.add_argument("--steps", default="", help="comma-separated step numbers; default = all") p.add_argument("--dtype", default="float32", choices=["float32","bfloat16","float16"]) args = p.parse_args() dev = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.model) V = tok.vocab_size def stimulus(seed): """[random tokens][same tokens again] -- the induction probe.""" g = torch.Generator().manual_seed(seed) h = torch.randint(0, V, (args.batch, args.seqlen), generator=g) return torch.cat([h, h], 1).to(dev) STIM = [stimulus(s) for s in range(args.seeds)] L = args.seqlen dest = torch.arange(L, 2 * L - 1) src_ind = dest - L + 1 # induction: attend to token AFTER previous occurrence src_prev = dest - 1 # previous-token head @torch.no_grad() def probe(rev): m = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( args.model, revision=rev, attn_implementation="eager", dtype=getattr(torch, args.dtype) ).to(dev).eval() ind, prev, icl = [], [], [] for ids in STIM: out = m(ids, output_attentions=True) NL = len(out.attentions); NH = out.attentions[0].shape[1] i = torch.stack([out.attentions[l][:, :, dest, src_ind].mean(dim=(0, 2)) for l in range(NL)]) p_ = torch.stack([out.attentions[l][:, :, dest, src_prev].mean(dim=(0, 2)) for l in range(NL)]) ind.append(i.float().cpu()); prev.append(p_.float().cpu()) lg = out.logits[:, :-1].float(); tg = ids[:, 1:] lp = torch.log_softmax(lg, -1).gather(2, tg.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) icl.append(((-lp[:, L:].mean()) - (-lp[:, :L].mean())).item()) del out ind = torch.stack(ind); prev = torch.stack(prev) # [seeds, NL, NH] del m if dev == "cuda": torch.cuda.empty_cache() return ind, prev, icl def purge(model_id): d = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--" + model_id.replace("/", "--")) shutil.rmtree(d, ignore_errors=True) steps = sorted([b.name for b in list_repo_refs(args.model).branches if b.name.startswith("step")], key=lambda s: int(s[4:])) if args.steps: want = {int(x) for x in args.steps.split(",")} steps = [s for s in steps if int(s[4:]) in want] if args.limit: steps = steps[:args.limit] done = set() if os.path.exists(args.out): for line in open(args.out): try: done.add(json.loads(line)["revision"]) except Exception: pass print(f"{args.model}: {len(steps)} checkpoints, {len(done)} already done", flush=True) with open(args.out, "a") as f: for k, rev in enumerate(steps): if rev in done: continue t0 = time.time() try: ind, prev, icl = probe(rev) except Exception as e: print(f" {rev}: FAILED {type(e).__name__}: {e}", flush=True) purge(args.model); continue S, NL, NH = ind.shape rec = {"revision": rev, "step": int(rev[4:]), "model": args.model, "dtype": args.dtype, "batch": args.batch, "seqlen": args.seqlen, "icl_score_mean": sum(icl) / len(icl), "icl_score_seeds": icl, "n_layers": NL, "n_heads": NH, "heads": [{"layer": l, "head": h, "induction_mean": float(ind[:, l, h].mean()), "induction_std": float(ind[:, l, h].std()), "prev_token_mean": float(prev[:, l, h].mean())} for l in range(NL) for h in range(NH)]} f.write(json.dumps(rec) + "\n"); f.flush() purge(args.model) print(f" [{k+1}/{len(steps)}] {rev}: max induction {float(ind.mean(0).max()):.3f} " f"ICL {rec['icl_score_mean']:+.2f} ({time.time()-t0:.0f}s)", flush=True) print("DONE", flush=True)