CO2 emissions from outdoor fire pit

I have an outdoor fire pit in my backyard. The fire pit is about 3 feet in diameter and is similar to ones you might find at a camp site. My family and I enjoy using it purely for recreation. I’ve been trying to limit my carbon footprint, and in doing so, wondered how much a fire in the fire pit contributes to it. We usually have about 2 to 3 logs, and a handful of sticks. So what’s an estimate for how many pounds of CO2 are released every hour of from an average sized camp fire? Are there other gases released other than CO2 that are harmful to the environment?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nCO2 emissions from outdoor fire pit\n\nI have an outdoor fire pit in my backyard. The fire pit is about 3 feet in diameter and is similar to ones you might find at a camp site. My family and I enjoy using it purely for recreation. I\u2019ve been trying to limit my carbon footprint, and in doing so, wondered how much a fire in the fire pit contributes to it. We usually have about 2 to 3 logs, and a handful of sticks. So what\u2019s an estimate for how many pounds of CO2 are released every hour of from an average sized camp fire? Are there other gases released other than CO2 that are harmful to the environment?"}


Which part of human eyes is getting tired?
It's a thing of common sense that if you read, drive or look at computer screen for too long your eyes will get tired. They burn, itch and try to close all the time.
But I was wondering which part(s) of them need rest so much... Blinking muscles? Lense muscles? Or the eyeball is drying out?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nWhich part of human eyes is getting tired?\nIt's a thing of common sense that if you read, drive or look at computer screen for too long your eyes will get tired. They burn, itch and try to close all the time.\nBut I was wondering which part(s) of them need rest so much... Blinking muscles? Lense muscles? Or the eyeball is drying out?"}


Are foam netting sleeves recyclable?

I am wondering if foam netting sleeves that are often used to protect glass bottles in transport (see picture) can be recycled in a soft plastic stream?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nAre foam netting sleeves recyclable?\n\nI am wondering if foam netting sleeves that are often used to protect glass bottles in transport (see picture) can be recycled in a soft plastic stream?"}


EU Real Driving Emissions testing (RDE) - does it factor in real driver behaviour and the inefficient driving habits they often exhibit?

Drivers often floor it at the lights, a large number switch off their start/stop systems, they might idle for an hour to listen to the radio, exceed the speed limit and exhibit other inefficient driving behaviour.

Do the European Union's RDE tests factor in real world driver behaviour or do they only demonstrate the emissions of real world best practice driving?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nEU Real Driving Emissions testing (RDE) - does it factor in real driver behaviour and the inefficient driving habits they often exhibit?\n\nDrivers often floor it at the lights, a large number switch off their start/stop systems, they might idle for an hour to listen to the radio, exceed the speed limit and exhibit other inefficient driving behaviour.\n\nDo the European Union's RDE tests factor in real world driver behaviour or do they only demonstrate the emissions of real world best practice driving?"}


How good is it to reuse water from plant pots?

I'm living in an apartment, and after I water my plants the water goes to plates below the pots. The pots are in a metallic structure above the plates, so I can take the plates to reuse the water (throwing it at the plants again).

This reuse seems beneficial, because I think I can get rid of mosquitoes that would reproduce in the stagnated water. And also some nutrients of the soil (as well as earthworms) can return to the vase.

Is there some negative points in doing that?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nHow good is it to reuse water from plant pots?\n\nI'm living in an apartment, and after I water my plants the water goes to plates below the pots. The pots are in a metallic structure above the plates, so I can take the plates to reuse the water (throwing it at the plants again).\n\nThis reuse seems beneficial, because I think I can get rid of mosquitoes that would reproduce in the stagnated water. And also some nutrients of the soil (as well as earthworms) can return to the vase.\n\nIs there some negative points in doing that?"}


Can the heat generated in a data center be used to heat households and offices?

I've just read the article Microsoft sinks a data center off the Scottish coast (The Verge, 6 June 2018)

I understand that the cooling of a data center is a problem. Data centers produce huge amounts of heat, and they have to run at normal temperatures, otherwise the hardware gets damaged. The cooling is much easier when there is a lot of cool water available, so most data centers are built in countries with a cool climate.

But at the same time, the countries with a cool climate consume a lot of energy to warm up water for their heatings.

Why does Microsoft experiment with a data center under sea, instead of using the data center's warm water to heat surrounding buildings? There are similar solutions in other areas, e.g. combined heat and power facilities with district heating schemes.

I've found some articles about data centers involved in district heating, but I'm wondering why this isn't done more often. Are there any obstacles, hidden costs, or other problems (like, keeping the location of the data center a secret)?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nCan the heat generated in a data center be used to heat households and offices?\n\nI've just read the article Microsoft sinks a data center off the Scottish coast (The Verge, 6 June 2018)\n\nI understand that the cooling of a data center is a problem. Data centers produce huge amounts of heat, and they have to run at normal temperatures, otherwise the hardware gets damaged. The cooling is much easier when there is a lot of cool water available, so most data centers are built in countries with a cool climate.\n\nBut at the same time, the countries with a cool climate consume a lot of energy to warm up water for their heatings.\n\nWhy does Microsoft experiment with a data center under sea, instead of using the data center's warm water to heat surrounding buildings? There are similar solutions in other areas, e.g. combined heat and power facilities with district heating schemes.\n\nI've found some articles about data centers involved in district heating, but I'm wondering why this isn't done more often. Are there any obstacles, hidden costs, or other problems (like, keeping the location of the data center a secret)?"}


What term can describe the feeling that a job just does itself?

Is there a term that can describe that a job, however exhausting it might be, just does itself? Meaning, for example, that all doubt concerning how you're doing a job, whether or not you should do the job instead of something else, or any doubt of the value you're creating is just not there?

As an example, I saw an interview where an author was asked how much effort it took to write a particular book. The answer was "No effort at all, the book wrote itself", which is of course not literally true, because it takes reasearch, time, dedication and long hard hours in front of a PC to write a book. Still, I understand what they mean by this, when looking back to certain efforts I've made myself. But I don't know if this can be described in full by a certain term.

I'm surprised how hard it was to find anything about this just googling, so any suggestions would be great!

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nWhat term can describe the feeling that a job just does itself?\n\nIs there a term that can describe that a job, however exhausting it might be, just does itself? Meaning, for example, that all doubt concerning how you're doing a job, whether or not you should do the job instead of something else, or any doubt of the value you're creating is just not there?\n\nAs an example, I saw an interview where an author was asked how much effort it took to write a particular book. The answer was \"No effort at all, the book wrote itself\", which is of course not literally true, because it takes reasearch, time, dedication and long hard hours in front of a PC to write a book. Still, I understand what they mean by this, when looking back to certain efforts I've made myself. But I don't know if this can be described in full by a certain term.\n\nI'm surprised how hard it was to find anything about this just googling, so any suggestions would be great!"}


Are two eyes necessary for 3D vision?
It has always been my understanding that humans have two eyes so that we can have 3D vision: the left eye sees more of the left side of an object than the right eye and vice versa. This helps us to estimate depth among other things.
Now when I close one eye, I still am able to perceive depth. I assume this is because my brain fills in the blanks For how long does this work? Do people eventually lose the depth perception (or at least it diminishes significantly) when they lose a single eye?
If so, how low does it take? If not, clearly we are capable of perceiving everything with one eye. Why do we then have two (besides redundancy and a larger field of view)? What is considering the evolution of man better in having two eyes as opposed to one or three, or four,..?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nAre two eyes necessary for 3D vision?\nIt has always been my understanding that humans have two eyes so that we can have 3D vision: the left eye sees more of the left side of an object than the right eye and vice versa. This helps us to estimate depth among other things.\nNow when I close one eye, I still am able to perceive depth. I assume this is because my brain fills in the blanks For how long does this work? Do people eventually lose the depth perception (or at least it diminishes significantly) when they lose a single eye?\nIf so, how low does it take? If not, clearly we are capable of perceiving everything with one eye. Why do we then have two (besides redundancy and a larger field of view)? What is considering the evolution of man better in having two eyes as opposed to one or three, or four,..?"}


Would a GDP measure be improved by excluding foreign interest paid?

The income method of calculating GDP is as follows: GDP = wages + profits + rents + interest + depreciation + taxes + NFFI. If an economy has high external debt, for instance, because it used external financing to buy machinery and equipment, then foreign interest payments will be high. In that case, wouldn't GDP (per capita) be a poor measure of economic well-being since a significant portion of the generated income is leaving the home economy?

Wouldn't excluding foreign interest payments in calculating GDP/ income give us a better measure since this represents what income is available to the home economy?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nWould a GDP measure be improved by excluding foreign interest paid?\n\nThe income method of calculating GDP is as follows: GDP = wages + profits + rents + interest + depreciation + taxes + NFFI. If an economy has high external debt, for instance, because it used external financing to buy machinery and equipment, then foreign interest payments will be high. In that case, wouldn't GDP (per capita) be a poor measure of economic well-being since a significant portion of the generated income is leaving the home economy?\n\nWouldn't excluding foreign interest payments in calculating GDP/ income give us a better measure since this represents what income is available to the home economy?"}


How to add to the library search path for custom plugins

Gazebo Answers logo

Hi,

I'm running a gz-sim (Garden) simulation starting from PX4 where I want to include a custom plugin into my model. The model works if I copy-paste the .so file to any of the default search locations, i.e.

- /home/anton/.gz/sim/plugins/
- /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gz-sim-7/plugins/
- /home/anton/.ignition/gazebo/plugins/
However, I'd prefer to set an environment variable (as in Gazebo-Classic) to tell gazebo to search for additional plugins. In gazebo-classic I could do

export GAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH="$PWD:$GAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH"
but this doesn't seem to work in gz-sim garden.

Is there any other way to add to the library search path of gz-sim?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nHow to add to the library search path for custom plugins\n\nGazebo Answers logo\n\nHi,\n\nI'm running a gz-sim (Garden) simulation starting from PX4 where I want to include a custom plugin into my model. The model works if I copy-paste the .so file to any of the default search locations, i.e.\n\n- /home/anton/.gz/sim/plugins/\n- /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gz-sim-7/plugins/\n- /home/anton/.ignition/gazebo/plugins/\nHowever, I'd prefer to set an environment variable (as in Gazebo-Classic) to tell gazebo to search for additional plugins. In gazebo-classic I could do\n\nexport GAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH=\"$PWD:$GAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH\"\nbut this doesn't seem to work in gz-sim garden.\n\nIs there any other way to add to the library search path of gz-sim?"}


Is there a name for the phenomenon of perceived repeated interruption?

Is there a documented name for the phenomenon of repeated social interruptions. It's something I've discussed with others who seem to share the observation that often, when one is alone in a public space, others will consistently run into them.

One example is in single stall bathrooms. This is one that I've discussed with others, to much amusement: it seems that whenever I find an unattended public restroom, even in a secluded space away from population, more often than not someone will approach and knock within seconds.

Another would be driving along a typically empty road late at night, and having someone follow every single turn you take up until you get home, where they turn around and go from whence you both came, making seemingly no sense.

Obviously, this is a cognitive bias of some sort and likely not truly indicative of some social behavior. It reminds me of the spotlight effect, but the spotlight effect is defined as heightened self awareness, no? This seems to happen regardless of that, like there are people just waiting around to stumble upon oneself at the most inopportune times.

Paranoia might be one word for it, but talking with others anecdotally, it seems like most people have had this thought before.

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nIs there a name for the phenomenon of perceived repeated interruption?\n\nIs there a documented name for the phenomenon of repeated social interruptions. It's something I've discussed with others who seem to share the observation that often, when one is alone in a public space, others will consistently run into them.\n\nOne example is in single stall bathrooms. This is one that I've discussed with others, to much amusement: it seems that whenever I find an unattended public restroom, even in a secluded space away from population, more often than not someone will approach and knock within seconds.\n\nAnother would be driving along a typically empty road late at night, and having someone follow every single turn you take up until you get home, where they turn around and go from whence you both came, making seemingly no sense.\n\nObviously, this is a cognitive bias of some sort and likely not truly indicative of some social behavior. It reminds me of the spotlight effect, but the spotlight effect is defined as heightened self awareness, no? This seems to happen regardless of that, like there are people just waiting around to stumble upon oneself at the most inopportune times.\n\nParanoia might be one word for it, but talking with others anecdotally, it seems like most people have had this thought before."}


Irreversibility in the Creation of Value

In his book The Origin of Wealth, Eric D. Beinhocker says that

A pattern of matter, energy, and/or information has economic value if the following three conditions are jointly met:

Irreversibility: All value-creating economic transformations and transactions are thermodynamically irreversible.
Entropy: All value-creating economic transformations and transactions reduce entropy locally within the economic system, while increasing entropy globally.
Fitness: All value-creating economic transformations and transactions produce artifacts and/or actions that are fit for human purposes.
These conditions seems pretty logical for me, particularly the "fitness" thing. However, I wonder about the "irreversibility" part: it sounds logical to state that, say, once a tree is transformed into a chair it cannot be turned into a tree again; so, making a chair is clearly irreversible. In the same vein, if a barber cut the hair of someone, he or she can not "uncut" it - irreversibility, of course.

But what if I was a doorman? My job would be to open a door for the others the whole day, which is a service that many people value to some extent, i.e., I would be creating some value in the economic sense of the term, right? But I can close the door as easily as I can open it, so it is something clearly reversible. Thus, it seems obvious I may do something "reversible" that is valued by someone - should I conclude Beinhocker is wrong or - I as suspect - I am missing something?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nIrreversibility in the Creation of Value\n\nIn his book The Origin of Wealth, Eric D. Beinhocker says that\n\nA pattern of matter, energy, and/or information has economic value if the following three conditions are jointly met:\n\nIrreversibility: All value-creating economic transformations and transactions are thermodynamically irreversible.\nEntropy: All value-creating economic transformations and transactions reduce entropy locally within the economic system, while increasing entropy globally.\nFitness: All value-creating economic transformations and transactions produce artifacts and/or actions that are fit for human purposes.\nThese conditions seems pretty logical for me, particularly the \"fitness\" thing. However, I wonder about the \"irreversibility\" part: it sounds logical to state that, say, once a tree is transformed into a chair it cannot be turned into a tree again; so, making a chair is clearly irreversible. In the same vein, if a barber cut the hair of someone, he or she can not \"uncut\" it - irreversibility, of course.\n\nBut what if I was a doorman? My job would be to open a door for the others the whole day, which is a service that many people value to some extent, i.e., I would be creating some value in the economic sense of the term, right? But I can close the door as easily as I can open it, so it is something clearly reversible. Thus, it seems obvious I may do something \"reversible\" that is valued by someone - should I conclude Beinhocker is wrong or - I as suspect - I am missing something?"}


Why is cancer not a communicable disease?
I read another question where the author is asking about the infectivity of viruses. In the same vein, I am curious why cancer is not a communicable disease.

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nWhy is cancer not a communicable disease?\nI read another question where the author is asking about the infectivity of viruses. In the same vein, I am curious why cancer is not a communicable disease."}


What is verbal memory useful for?

A friend of mine did the Verbal Memory Test at http://humanbenchmark.com/ and got an extremely high score (almost 300 words). English is not his first language and he knew the meaning of only about two thirds of the words (if that's something to take into account).

About the test

This test measures how many words you can keep in short term memory at once.

The number of words you need to remember grows continually, until you can't keep them in your head anymore.

Go as long as you can. You have 3 strikes until game over.

Your score is how many turns you lasted.

Does this have any practical use or influence in other areas of cognition?

Instruction: Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it

{"query_with_instruction": "Given a question, find relevant documents that can help answer it\nWhat is verbal memory useful for?\n\nA friend of mine did the Verbal Memory Test at http://humanbenchmark.com/ and got an extremely high score (almost 300 words). English is not his first language and he knew the meaning of only about two thirds of the words (if that's something to take into account).\n\nAbout the test\n\nThis test measures how many words you can keep in short term memory at once.\n\nThe number of words you need to remember grows continually, until you can't keep them in your head anymore.\n\nGo as long as you can. You have 3 strikes until game over.\n\nYour score is how many turns you lasted.\n\nDoes this have any practical use or influence in other areas of cognition?"}