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README.md
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path: data/validation-*
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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---
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path: data/validation-*
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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task_categories:
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- image-classification
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tags:
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- archives
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- document-classification
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- glam
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- image-classification
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- index-cards
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- libraries
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- ocr-pre-filter
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license: cc-by-4.0
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pretty_name: Index-card blank / content / divider
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---
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# Index-card blank / content / divider classifier — dataset
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Cropped single **archival index cards** labelled `blank`, `content`, or `divider`, for
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training a tiny CPU pre-filter that skips blank/divider cards before expensive VLM metadata
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extraction in card-catalogue digitisation pipelines.
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Two collections: **Boston Public Library (BPL)** FRC shelf-list cards and **National Library
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of Scotland (NLS)** Advocates Library cards. Styles differ, so evaluate per collection.
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## How it was made (provenance)
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AI-bootstrapped → agent-verified, no from-scratch hand labelling:
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1. **Weak signals fused** into labels:
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- **NuExtract3 `card_type`** (BPL labelled sample): bibliographic→content,
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shelf_divider→divider, null→blank.
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- **Ink-density** with punch-hole removal (connected-component analysis) — the
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cross-collection blank detector. Calibrated on the labelled sample: 100% blank recall /
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96% content recall at threshold 0.005. Used to **harvest** extra blanks from unlabelled
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BPL shelf-list drawers.
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- **YOLO card-detector box-count** (`NationalLibraryOfScotland/archival-index-card-detector`)
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validated as an oracle: reliable on NLS (100% separation), noisy on BPL crops (31% of
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blanks falsely fire) → used as a primary signal for NLS, corroborating only for BPL.
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- **NLS `has_card`** + bbox: crop content cards from pages.
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2. **Agreement → auto-accept; disagreement → routed to human.**
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3. **Gold (test) split human-verified** per collection (not auto-thresholded), so it measures
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generalisation rather than pipeline self-consistency.
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## Composition
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| collection | label | train | val | gold | total |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| bpl | blank | 209 | 37 | 30 | 276 |
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| bpl | content | 122 | 21 | 30 | 173 |
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| bpl | divider | 32 | 6 | 0 | 38 |
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| nls | content | 29 | 5 | 15 | 49 |
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`label_source` records how each label was derived (`auto:nuextract+ink`, `auto:ink-density`,
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`auto:has_card+box-count`); `signals` is a JSON audit of the raw per-card signal values.
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## Intended use & limitations
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- **Use**: train a tiny `transformers` image classifier as a `--skip-blank` pre-filter.
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- **`divider`** is captured but held out of the binary v1 model (fast-follow 3-class).
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- **NLS blank gap (v1)**: NLS contributes content cards only — no clean blank *fronts* exist
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in the source (NLS no-card examples are empty *pages*, a different visual domain, and the
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detector rejects blank fronts). So v1 reports NLS *content* precision/recall; NLS blank
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recall awaits a v2 harvest of NLS blank fronts.
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- **Punch-hole/smudge**: blank cards carry a punch-hole and sometimes show-through smudges;
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these are deliberately included so the model learns a small dark blob ≠ content.
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## Use this for your own collection
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Point an agent at your card images; bootstrap labels from whatever weak signals you have (a
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card detector, an existing VLM `card_type` field, an ink-density heuristic with punch-hole
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handling); auto-accept agreements and human-correct the rest; hold out a small verified gold
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set; then train a tiny classifier and add your rows tagged by `source_collection`. Full
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workflow: [`data-centric-model-dev`](https://huggingface.co/small-models-for-glam).
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## Sources
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- BPL FRC shelf-list cards — Internet Archive `bplfrcshelflistcards`.
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- `davanstrien/bpl-shelf-list-nuextract3` (NuExtract3 weak labels).
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- `NationalLibraryOfScotland/nls-index-cards-object-detection`.
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- Detector: `NationalLibraryOfScotland/archival-index-card-detector`.
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