diff --git "a/hausa/hau_dictionary.csv" "b/hausa/hau_dictionary.csv"
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+++ "b/hausa/hau_dictionary.csv"
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+word,pos,definition
+abandon,transitive verb,"ber(r)i, ber; it must be abandoned ashiyaerda"
+abandoned,adjective,see profligate
+abase,transitive verb,maida or yi karami; refl. with kai (= self)
+abash,transitive verb,"sa, ba or bada kunia; i feel abashed na ji kunia"
+abate,transitive verb,"reg(g)i, rage, ragi; intr. ragu, regi"
+abatement,noun,"(= decrease) ragewa, ragua; = amount deducted from price of anything rongomi, grant me an a. ka yi mani rongomi"
+abattoir,noun,wurin fawa
+abdicate,intransitive verb,(used of a king) kawo
+abdomen,noun,"chik(k)i; jiki, pl. jikuna (lit. body) is also employed in this sense"
+abide,intransitive verb,(= dwell) zamna; cf. abode
+ability,noun,"(= power) iyawa, iko, gazawa"
+ability,noun,"(= mental power, understanding) cf. hankali, dubara, lura, wayo; cf. able"
+abject,adjective,see despised
+"able, to be",verb,"iya, imai, yin imai, issa, gaza"
+"ablutions, ceremonial",noun,"allowa, alwal(i)(a, arwal(i)(a, wal(i)(a; a. made with sand taimama; to make a. shafe, shafo"
+abode,noun,"mazaunne, gida(a); fig"
+abolish,transitive verb,"see take away, destroy"
+abominable,adjective,"mugu, fem. mugunia, pl. miagu"
+abominate,transitive verb,see hate
+abomination,noun,"abin mugu, abin kasamta, abin haram"
+aborigines,noun,habe
+"abortion, to produce",verb,"bata chik-(k)i, yesda dia"
+abortive,adjective,"babu amfani, banza"
+abound,intransitive verb,"faye, karu, yin girima; cf. abundance, abundant"
+about,adverb,(= around) kewoye; a. him kewoyensa
+"about, to be",verb,za followed by the personal pronouns
+above,adverb,"and prep. bis(a), abis-(s)a, dag(g)a bis(a); as prep. bis(a)a ga, and when followed by personal pronouns gare"
+abreast,adverb,"ajere, ajera, gab(b)a daia"
+abroad,adverb,"awoje, dag(g)a woje; (= at a distance) dag(g)a nesa"
+abrogate,transitive verb,"kauda, kawasda"
+abrupt,adjective,(= precipitous) da gangara
+abruptly,adverb,(= suddenly) da sauki
+abscess,noun,"kurji, pl. kuraji, kureji, pl. kurareji, kirchi, gurje, gembo, pl. gembuna"
+absorb,transitive verb,"shanya; (used of cloth, etc.) tsosa, tsotsa; to be absorbed in thought or business (so as to forget all else) shagalichi"
+abstain from,transitive verb,"daina, dena; beri, ber; cf. a 25, f 8—13"
+absurd,adjective,banza; wawanchi (lit. foolishness)
+abundance,noun,"yawa, yawanchi, auki, yalwa, yelwa, kar(r)i"
+abundant,adjective,"dayawa, mayawa, mai yawa"
+abuse,noun,"(= abusive words) habaichi, pl. habaitai, gum(m)i"
+abuse,transitive verb,(= to revile) zage zagi; (to a. behind one's back) yin habaichi
+abuse,transitive verb,"(= to make ill use of) turn by yin with abin wofi, etc"
+acacia tree,noun,"cf. bag(g)arwa, doriwa, merki, chedia (l)"
+accede to,verb,yerda
+accede to,verb,"(as heir) gada, gado"
+accede to,verb,"(to the throne) chikin sarota, yin sariki g 1, 4"
+accept,transitive verb,"karba, kariba, karbi, karibi, samu; cf. also prec. 1"
+acceptable,adjective,"it is a. to me, periph. ya gamshe ni, da or abinda ya gamshe ni or ya gam(m)ani"
+accident,noun,"sab(b)abi, sub(b)abi; an a. happened to him sabbabi ya same shi"
+acclamation,noun,"guda, gudu"
+accompany,transitive verb,"rakia, yin rakia, ram(m)a, chima, chimarji, tare"
+"accompanying, act of",noun,rakia
+accomplish,verb,"iyes, iyesda, kare, chik(k)a"
+accomplished,participle,see finished
+according as,adverb,"particle kamada, kamanda, kanda, tamkanda, tamkarda, yedda"
+account,noun,"lisafi, lesafi, kedaya, kid(a)a, kididingi(g)a, did(a)iga; to render an a. yin lisafi, yin kedaya, to take a. of zana"
+account,noun,fig
+account,noun,"(= narration) labari, to give an a. bada, ba or gaia labari; i will give you an a. of the war zan gaia maka labarin yaki"
+"account, on a. of",preposition,"sab(b)ada, sab(b)ado, sab(b)oda, abis(a)a, dom, domin"
+accrue,verb,(of gain) see profit
+accrue,verb,"(= happen, ensue) faru"
+accurate,adjective,"and adv. nakwarai, fem. takwarai, daidai, sosai; to be a. yin daidai"
+accursed,adjective,"laane, fem. laana, pl. laanu"
+accusation,noun,"sara, abin sara, kara; false a. rinto"
+accuse,verb,"sare, sara, zara, yin sare, kai kara (lit. bring an accusation, constr. with ga)"
+accuser,noun,"maisara, pl. masu-sara"
+accustom,verb,to be accustomed saba
+accustom,verb,"(= to be wont, used) employ the verbal form with kan"
+accustom,verb,tr. i accustomed him to this food na sa shi saba da abinci nan
+ache,noun,"chiwo, jeri; i have a headache na ji (or na yi) chiwon kai"
+achieve,verb,see accomplish
+acid,adjective,"da tsami, da tsamia, da yami"
+acidity,noun,"tsami, tsamia, yami"
+acquaint,transitive verb,"(= tell, inform of) gaya, fadi"
+"acquaintance, an",noun,"masan(n)i, pl. masani; he is no a. of mine, i am not acquainted with him ba shi ne masani na ban san shi ba"
+acquiesce,verb,"yerji, yerda; i a. in this ina yerda nan"
+acquit,verb,(used of a judge) bada (or ba) gaskia
+across,preposition,e.g. a. the sea ketaren (or dag(g)a ketaren) gulbi
+across,preposition,(= beyond) bayan
+act,noun,"aiki, shinkai, jinkai; phr. a bad a. mugunta, aiki mugu, jinkai mugunta; a good or kind a. alheri, jinkai alheri"
+actually,adverb,"hakika, da gaskia, ko; the last is emphatic (= even)"
+add,transitive verb,kara
+"address, to a. to",verb,ambachi. the following is a specimen of an address on a letter takarda ya fita dagga hanwan malam chani zua ga malam yushai this letter goes forth from the hands of malam chani to malam yushai
+adept,noun,"gon(n)i, pl. gon(n)ai; he is an a. at... shi ne gonni na...; also ya saba da"
+"adhere, to a. to",verb,"rik(k)e, lazum-chi, nani, the last used of things stuck together with gum etc.; those who a. to the commandments of god masuriken hukumtai na allah"
+adjoin,intransitive verb,"kus(s)atu, kus(s)anta, kus(s)ache, yin kus(s)a"
+adjure,verb,i a. thee: by god na gamaka da allah
+administer,transitive verb,(= to give to
+admire,transitive verb,yin (or jin) mamaki
+admit,transitive verb,to a
+adoption,noun,"yanchi, to adopt, id"
+adorn,transitive verb,gerta
+adorned-,adjective,"gertache, fem. gertata, pl. gertatu"
+adornment,noun,"wushewa, hallika, ado, the last used of trinkets, etc., also of dress; cf. f 216, 232, 238"
+adulterer,noun,"maixinachi, maizina; the exalted one who made it (fire) for the adulterers taala da ya yi wuta don mutanen zina"
+adulteress,noun,"maixinachia, farika, fasika, the last two used in the general sense of profligate"
+adultery,noun,"zina, zina, tsaranchi, zamba; to commit a"
+advance,intransitive verb,"yin gab(b)a, to get in a. of chin gab(b)a, rig(g)a, rig(g)aya, rig(g)agi"
+advantage,noun,anfani; of no a. babu anfani
+advantageous,adjective,"da anfani, maianfani"
+adversary,noun,"makiyi, pl. makiya, abokin gab(b)a, maikinji"
+advice,noun,"dabara, dabara, shawora"
+advisable,adjective,see advantageous
+advise,verb,yin dabara
+advocate,noun,"(fig. = helper, defender) maitainmako; cf. f 79"
+afar,adverb,"nesa, dag(g)a nesa"
+affair,noun,"abu, abin, pl. abubua"
+afflict,transitive verb,yin wohol(l)a
+afflicted,adjective,"(= one who endures affliction and toil) maiwohol(l)a, pl. masuwohol(l)a"
+affliction,noun,"wohol(l)a, maƙiba"
+afoot,adverb,"akafà, da kafà"
+afraid,adjective,"i am a. na yi tinzera, he made him a. ya bashi tsoro; to be a. jin tsoro"
+afresh,adverb,see again
+afternoon,noun,"laasar, laaṣar; see under rana"
+afterwards,adverb,"(= after this) bayan wanan, bayan hak(k)a"
+again,adverb,"kuma, hario, na sabo, dada, dai; the v. kara (add)"
+against,preposition,"gab(b)a ga, ga, gan; to stumble a. tuntube da; a. his will (= perforce) da tilas"
+age,noun,(= period or time) yayi
+age,noun,(= time that a person has lived) shekara or pl. shekarù
+aged,adjective,"(= of a certain age), see prec. 2"
+aged,adjective,"(= advanced in years) tsof, fem. tsofuwa, pl. tsofi or tsofofi; he is a. yayinsa ya wuche, lit. his time is past"
+agent,noun,"nouns denoting the a. may be formed from verbs, substantives or adjectives by prefixing mai or ma"
+agitate,transitive verb,see shake
+ago,adverb,"tun, tunda"
+agree,verb,"γama, gamu, yerda, yin baki daia, tangas, saddu, jit(o), jet(o), damre magana; agreed to yerdade"
+agreeable,adjective,"(= pleasant) da dadi, dadi, daidai"
+agreeable,adjective,(= willing)
+ague,noun,see fever
+ahead,adverb,gab(b)a
+aid,transitive verb,"taya, yin taimako, tainya, tainyo, koro sauki"
+aid,noun,"taimako, taimakawa, sauki; (= a helper) maitainako"
+ail,verb,e.g. what ails you? mi ya sameka
+ailment,noun,see sickness
+ainhum,noun,"i.e. a disease of the little toe, hambudiga, mage-duwa; cf. also kudumbia a disease which may affect all the toes"
+air,noun,"iska, hiska; shan iska is the hausa idiom for to take a walk"
+air,verb,see to dry
+albino,noun,"zabia, pl. zabiyoyi"
+alien,noun,bare; see also stranger
+alight,intransitive verb,"sabka, sauka, sauka, soka, sabki, sapki, shid(d)a, shad(e)"
+alike,adjective,"daidai, suasua; they are all a. duka daia ne, supasu daia"
+alive,adjective,"da rai; to keep a. raia, raya"
+alkoran,noun,"kuran, f 26"
+all,adjective,"duka, duk, dukachi, jemaa, kull(l); a. together taasahi, tarasahi, tarasahi, tarare, fem. tarara, pl. tararu; a. of you dukanku, tarinku; a. men mutane duka or dukan mutane"
+allay,transitive verb,"futasda, kwantasda"
+allegory,noun,"michali, mithali, misali"
+alliance,noun,gaya
+alligator,noun,"kada or kado, pl. kadodi"
+allow,transitive verb,"ber(r)i, ber, yerda"
+alloy,noun,"hainchi; unalloyed babu hainchi, safi"
+allure,transitive verb,rude
+almighty,adjective,"maiiko da kowa, maiiyawa"
+almond,noun,"chanza, lanza"
+almost,adverb,kus(a)a; it is a. finished ya yi kusaa kare or ya kusaa kare
+alms,noun,"zak(k)a, kurdin gurasu; almsgiving, n. sadaka, to give a. v. sadaka"
+alone,adverb,"kad(d)ai, kawoi, abin followed by a personal pronoun, thus; he a. abinshi, i a. ni daiana or ni kad(d)ai; leave him a. bershi daiansa; they a. daiansu; a state of being a. kad(d)aichi"
+alphabet,noun,"arufi; letter of the a. harufi or hurufi, pl. harufai"
+already,adverb,"nada, dazu, wuri, tunda wuri"
+also,adverb,"kua, usually placed after that which it connects"
+altar,noun,i.e. heathen a. daka-li
+alter,transitive verb,intr. sauya
+altered,participle,"adj. sauyaye, fem. sauyaya, pl. sauyayi"
+although,adverb,"ko, koda"
+always,adverb,"koyaushe, kulyaushe, tutur, tutul, kull(um), dakull(um), yini, chik(k)in kowane yayi"
+am,verb,see be
+ambuscade,noun,see seq
+ambush,noun,"kwanto, fak(k)o; hak(k)o; to set an a. yin fak(k)o, place of or for an a. mafak(k)a"
+amidst,preposition,"tsak(k)a, tsak(k)an, tsak(k)anin"
+"amount, large",noun,chushe
+amuse,transitive verb,bada or sa murna
+ancestor,noun,"kaka; ancestors usalî, awali"
+and,conjunction,"da, wa"
+angel,noun,"malika, maliki, pl. malaiku"
+anger,noun,"fushi, haushi, kankanchi, takaichi, hasâla, zafin zuchia"
+angry,adjective,da fushi; one who is a. maifushi
+"angry, to be",verb,"yin fushi, fusata, yin tsewa; to be a. with chichik(k)a, yin chichik(k)a, jin takaichi; he feels a. yana jin haushi"
+anguish,noun,"azaba, zogi, zafin zogi"
+animal,noun,"bis(s)a, pl. bis(s)ashe or bis(s)aje; domestic animals bis(s)ashen gida, wild animals bis(s)ashen daji, abin daji or naman daji"
+animosity,noun,see hate
+ankle,noun,"dundunia, idon kafa, idon sau, pl. ijan sau; a. bone dombubu, dongudu, a. joint dongudu"
+announce,transitive verb,"gaya, fadl(a)i, labari, laberta; to a. as a herald does the coming of some one gabato, gabatowa"
+annoy,transitive verb,"dame, dama, haiyyet(a), wohalda, wohalshe, sa wohal(l)a, alale"
+annoyance,noun,"alale, wohal(l)a"
+"anoint, e.g. with oil or water",transitive verb,"shafa, shafe"
+anon,adverb,"sai anjima, jima kad(d)an"
+another,pronoun,"woni, fem. wota, pl. wosu and wodansu; often rendered with kuma"
+answer,noun,"amsa, jawabî"
+answer,verb,"amsa, yin amsa, to give an a. karafafa"
+ant,noun,"choka; different species are zag(g)o; small a. sar(y)i; small stinging a. tirmani; small black a. chinaka or chirnaka or tuma da gaia; large black travelling a. kwalkwas(s)a, kwarikwas(s)a or kwarukwas(s)a; black stinging a. tururua; very small black a. kur-"
+ant-hill,noun,"suri, pl. sura; the ants called zag(g)o and gara construct the ant-hills sura"
+antelope,noun,"barewa, pl. bareyi; young a. dan barewa; diff. species are: large a. gonki, mariri, kanki or kenki; small red a. gada, pl. gadu; a. leucoryx walawaji; male of a large species kisshini"
+anticipate,verb,tsaitse
+antimony,noun,"kolli, kwolli, kwalli, tozali; small skin bottle for holding a. tandun tozali, gid(d)an kolli"
+anvil,noun,makera
+anxiety,noun,"machiata, matamanche"
+apart from,adverb,"bamda, dabam dabam"
+apartment,noun,"(= room) daki, pl. dakuna"
+apparatus,noun,"kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki"
+appear,intransitive verb,"bayen(n)a, god-(d)u"
+appearance,noun,"kama, pl. kamanu"
+appease,transitive verb,"lalashi, lilashi, yin dadi"
+appetite,noun,"kodai, kwadaki"
+appoint,transitive verb,"(= to order, used of god) kadera; (= to select for an office) zaba, zabe; appointed zababe, fem. zababa, pl. zababu"
+approach,intransitive verb,"yi kus(a), see near"
+approve of,verb,"yerda; approved of, adj. yerdada, fem. yerdada, pl. yerdadu, tabbatachi'a"
+"apricot, wild",noun,tada
+apron,noun,"bante, pl. bantuna"
+are,verb,"ne, che, ke, ki; phr. there a. ina, akoi, akwoi; there a. to me, i.e. i have sun yi mani, ayi mani"
+arise,intransitive verb,"falaka, tashi, taso, tsira, tsire, tsiro or chira, chire, chiro"
+arm,noun,"(i.e. the limb) damshi; the fore-arm gab(b)a; the upper part of the a. damichi or damshi, pl. damasa"
+arm,noun,"arm (i.e. weapon), see arms"
+armhole,noun,"hamata, pl. hamatu"
+armlet,noun,gen. kundeg(g)e or
+armour,noun,chain or iron a. sulke; a horseman's a. kumakum(m)i
+armpit,noun,"hamata, pl. hamatu"
+around,adverb,"kewoye, gewoye, prep. kewoyen, gewoyen"
+arouse,transitive verb,"tada, tashe, tayes, tayeseda"
+arrange,transitive verb,"gara, gera; to a. the hair (= to comb or dress the hair) gerta, gertawa"
+arranged,adjective,"shirigaye, fem. shirigayya, pl. shirigayu; gertache, fem. gertata, pl. gertatu"
+arrive at,verb,"is(s)a, is(s)o, watta"
+arrogance,noun,"foma, fuluta"
+arrogant,noun,"one who is a. mai-foma, pl. masu-foma"
+arrow,noun,"kibia, chibia, shib(b)a, pl. kibo, gora, pl. gororo and gorina; bow and arrows bakan kibia; quiver for arrows kworin kibia; special names of a. poison are tumia or tinia, zabgai, uwal deffi, gen. deffi"
+art,noun,gon(n)i
+as,adverb,"kam(m)a, yedda, kauda, ya, yi, yina, wa; = when da"
+ascend,verb,"shirga, hawa or hau, constr. with bissa or bissa ga"
+asclepias gigantea,noun,"tumfafia, pl. tumfafi; bambana (?)"
+"ashamed, to be",intransitive verb,jin kumia
+ashes,noun,"toka, pl. tokuna; hot a. rufushi, rubshi, rachbi"
+ask,verb,"roko, roka, yin tambaya; one who asks maitamabaya; to a. of or from roko, roka; to a. favour from dogare"
+"asking, continued a.",noun,kokonto
+ass,noun,"jaki, fem. jakainiya, pl. jakai or jakuna; large male a. bingi; diff. species have the foll. names; a. with red body jinrau; red a. aura, reddish brown a. id(d)ubar, tawny a. orraki and dan orraki; large black a. jaba; white a. mug(g)o; a spec. of wild a. is also found called kaf(f)on mariri"
+assault,transitive verb,(as in war) firmaki
+assemble,verb,"gayya, tara, intr. taru"
+"assembled, to be, taru",participle,tarare
+assembly,noun,"gayya or gaia aluma; royal assembly-room fag(g)e, dandali"
+assent,verb,"kada kai, ged(a) a kai. n.b. assent is very frequently expr. by keau as in the phr. da keau"
+assist,transitive verb,"taya, yin taimako"
+assistance,noun,"taimako, tainakawa, sauki; a. in war gudummawa"
+assuredly,adverb,"da gaskia, babu shakka, babu wawa; he is a. there ya tabbata nan; he is a. a heathen ko tabbata kafiri ne d 24, cf. prec"
+asthma,noun,fuka
+"astonished, to be",verb,"jin damua, jin mamaki, yin mamaki"
+astonishment,noun,damua. n.b. a common exclamation expressing astonishment is hubba!
+astringent medicine,noun,magani maikama chik(k)i
+atmosphere,noun,"dunia, duniya"
+attempt,verb,"kokari, yin kokari; a 26 ka yi kokari rakia do thou a. or endeavour to escort"
+attendant,noun,an a. on one sick majinata; the attendants of a king fadawa
+attest,verb,"shaida, yin shaida, kai shaida"
+attested,participle,"adj. shaidade, fem. shaidada, pl. shaidadu"
+augment,transitive and intransitive verb,dad(d)a often pronounced as ded(d)a
+aunt,noun,gogo
+authority,noun,"iko, pl. ikoki"
+avarice,noun,"zergi, tsalimi, tsalumi, rowa"
+avaricious,adjective,mairrowa
+avenge,transitive verb,see rama
+avoid,verb,"kalmas(a)a, kalma(s)he"
+awake,intransitive verb,"falaka, falka, falkawa, falga"
+axe,noun,"gatari; small ornate a. kelle; a. for cutting stones dundurusu; a. with broad blade barandem(m)i, sitaka"
+axe-handle,noun,bakin gatari
+baboon,noun,"bika, pl. bikoka, gogo, gata (?) or gatan biri (?)"
+baby,noun,"juriri, jarili, yarili, jinjin̄iri"
+bachelor,noun,"gobro, goro, gobso, balaguro; namiji da shara, lit. one who has to sweep his own dwelling"
+back,noun,"baya, baia, jenfi, hence bada jenfi to put to flight; phr. on the b. ringingine, on the b. of reran"
+"back, e.g. to come b. komo, komo; to go b. koma, koma; to move b.",intransitive verb,"gusa, gulgusa, gurugusa"
+backbite,transitive verb,chim (chin) baya
+backbone,noun,"tsotso, ka(s)hin tsotso"
+backward,adverb,(= on the back) ringingine
+backwards,adverb,baibai
+bad,adjective,"mugu, fem. mugunia, pl. mugu; mumuna or mumuna; used of corn tsad(d)eri; corn gone b. is called birtuntuna; b. man dan dunia, b. woman juyai; the expr. fari ko bak(k)i often = good or bad"
+badger,noun,"takas; dege, pl. degogi (?)"
+badness,noun,mugunta
+bag,noun,"the language is rich in words for b. a small b. aljifi or aljifa, pl. aljifu or aljifuna; b. made of grass ashasha; b. for cowries birgami; woman's b. made of grass burima; small b. for carrying salt chukurufa; b. of feminine luggage fago or pago; leathern b. for camels, etc. guarara; large skin b. for cowries jikka or zikka, pl. jikkuna or jikoki; kankandi; b. holding 20,000 cowries kororo; very small b. lalita; long, narrow saltb. lanji; a sort of leathern pouch sabira; skin b. or bottle salka or salha, pl. salkuna; small leathern or grass b. sarita; large b. for holding rice sub-(b)olo or savlo; leathern narrow-mouthed b. sulkumi or surukumi; large skin b. taiki or taika, pl. taikuna; small goat-skin water-b. tandawara; small provision-b. tanura"
+bag,transitive verb,"(= to catch or kill game, etc.) kama, ka(s)she"
+baggage,noun,"kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki"
+bagpipe,noun,"algaita, algaitu"
+bake,transitive verb,"tuya, gassa, the latter also spec. used of baking bread"
+balance,noun,"= pair of scales maau-na, maauwi, mizani; abin awo"
+balanites aegyptiaca,noun,"adua, adwa"
+bald,adjective,maikwumbe; b. on the top of the forehead maisanko
+baldness,noun,natural b. kora
+baldness,noun,"b. due to shaving kora, kundumi or kundumin kai; cf. prec"
+ball,noun,makodi; a small b. dan kodi; b. or brick made of mud tubali; b. of the eye kwagani ido; (= bullet) araga
+ballad,noun,"waka, waka"
+"bamboo, a sort of",noun,"kwangi, tukurwa"
+banana,noun,the b. tree ayaba
+banana,noun,"the b. fruit, id"
+band,noun,"(= company or gathering) taro or taru, pl. tarori"
+band,noun,(= strip for binding) cf. seq
+bandage of any kind,noun,"rawani, pl. rawuna"
+bandit,noun,"maife(s)he', pl. maifas(s)a"
+bandy-legged,adjective,gwami
+bank,noun,"(= edge or margin) baki; b. of a river is expr. by gefe, bakin rua or gechen kogi; a steep b. refe"
+banner,noun,see flag
+baobab,noun,kuka
+bar,noun,"(= a rod or stick of wood, iron, etc.) sanda, pl. sanduna; a b. of iron sanda ta karfi; b. used to close a doorway gagara bado"
+barbarian,noun,"(of men in a rude, uncivilised state) baibai, pl. baibaiyi or baubawa"
+barbarian,noun,(= cruel) da mun(n)i
+barbarity,noun,(= cruelty) mun(n)i
+barber,noun,manzani; a hairdresser is maik(s)o
+bareness,noun,wofi
+bargain,verb,"taya, taia, tayi, yin tayi, yin chiniki"
+bargain,noun,"(= bargaining) chiniki; a discussion before making a b. alawashi; to haggle over a b. yin chiniki; to make an offer in bargaining, see prec.; a b. (= cheap) da araha; into the b. (= besides, as well) bamda wanan"
+bark,noun,"(of a tree) fata, gunda (edible), bambar, bawon itache"
+bark,transitive verb,"(= to strip off b.) kware, kwari"
+bark,intransitive verb,"(of dogs, etc.) hafshi, hapshi, habshi, haushi, hamshi"
+barking,noun,"(of dogs, etc.) tsuwa"
+barley,noun,shaair
+barn,noun,"rumbu, rafonia; a large b. rufogo"
+barrel of a gun,noun,"baki, a double-barrelled gun bindiga da baki biu"
+barren,adjective,"(used of the female sex) reshin haifua, karara, matauria; a b. field sab(b)ura, sab(b)ara"
+barrenness,noun,"(of woman, etc.) tauria"
+barricade,noun,"kagara or kegarua, pl. kagaru"
+barrier,noun,kafi
+barter,noun,"chiniki; to b. yin chiniki, cf. bargain"
+base,adjective,(= of low worth) banza
+base,noun,"(= lowest part or bottom of anything) kalkashi, kalkashi or karkashi"
+base,noun,"(= support or foundation of anything) gusu, guzu, which is used physically and also figuratively"
+bashful,adjective,see seq
+bashfulness,noun,kumya or kumia; to feel bashful jin kumya
+basin,noun,kwachia
+basis,noun,see base (2)
+basket,noun,"the following are thus distinguished: large b. for salt adila or adilan kaya; large b. or pannier made of grass gufa or gufata; a kind of shallow b. lefe; small grass b. used in making bread marari; large grass b. sanfo or samfo, pl. samfuna. see under bag"
+bastard,adjective,"sheg(g)e or shege, dan farika"
+bat,noun,"diff. species of bats are: kadakara, tatapara; small b. biribiri; large-sized b. jemagi"
+battle,noun,"fama, fad(d)a, yaki, the latter is also the proper word for war, q.v"
+battlefield,noun,kangan fad(d)a
+bawl,noun,"yin kuka, yin ufu"
+be,verb,"1. ne with masc. subject, che with fem. subj., ke with either; they may follow the subj. but are often found at the end of their clause"
+beak,noun,"maikoto, bakin tsuntsua"
+beard,noun,geme; b. of goat rairo
+beardless,adjective,"shagiri, pl. shagirai"
+beast,noun,"bis(s)a, pl. bis(s)ashe or bis(s)aje, dabba or dabbo, pl. dabboni or dabbo̱bi; wild b. naman daji, firdi; wild beasts bis(s)ashen daji"
+beat,transitive verb,"buga, doke, duka, dirka, the last sometimes written tsirka, kankanta"
+beat,transitive verb,"to b. down, as earth etc. taka, tak(k)i, tsak(k)i, tsatsaga"
+beat,transitive verb,"to b. or tread grain daka, dak(k)a, dadaka, suabe, tak(k)i, tingama"
+beat,transitive verb,"to b. a drum yin worigi, see drum"
+beat,transitive verb,"to b. in war, intr. yin nas(g)ara, trans. chi"
+beat,transitive verb,to b. in a game chi
+beaten,particle,"adj. in sense of prec. 3. tak(k)ake, fem. tak(k)a-ka, pl. tak(k)aku"
+beating,noun,(= a defeat in war) artai
+beautiful,adjective,"keau, da keau, maikeau or maikiyo; very b. keaukeawa"
+beauty,noun,of persons and things keau
+beauty,noun,"of dress, ornaments etc. ado; great b. keau-keawa"
+because,conjunction,"don, chewa or chiwa, dominchewa, gama, wacha-nanka, zama; chewa and dominchewa are used in written, but not in colloquial hausa"
+because of,preposition,"domin, don, sabbada, sabbado or sabboda, zama"
+beckon,verb,"ged(d)a, to b. with the head (in token of assent) ged(d)a kai, kada kai"
+become,intransitive verb,(= to come to
+become,intransitive verb,"(= to befit, to be proper) kamata, kamache"
+becoming,adjective,"(= lawful, ceremonially right) halal, halas or hallata, daidai; it is b. ya yi daidai"
+bed,noun,"gad(d)o, pl. gad(d)aji or gad(d)ashi, kuraga; to go to b. kwanta; a b. of mud dakali; cf. seq"
+bee,noun,"kudan zumua, pl. kudashen zumua; spec. large kind of b. burbura, small black b. gal(l)a and rekua; an edible part of the b. gal(l)a; young of b. gudajen zumua"
+beef,noun,naman sa; naman shanu
+beehive,noun,"ainiya, butumi, pl. butuma, gid(d)an zumua"
+beeswax,noun,"dankon zumua, kakin zumua"
+beetle,noun,"spec. large, black, long-legged b. gorgunguma; stinking b. guana, guano; scarlet, woolly b. malufi or mulufi"
+befall,intransitive verb,"same, sama, samo; it befell him ya sameshi"
+befit,intransitive verb,"kamata, kama, kamache, daidai"
+before,adverb,"of time dafari, tukuna or tukuna(n)a, nada, kama nada, kamanda, wuri and dawuri or dauri; in former time lokachin daa"
+befriend,transitive verb,see assist
+beg,verb,"(= to entreat, supplicate) biko, roko"
+beg,verb,"(= to ask a thing of, as alms) barra, yin barra, roko (?); i beg pardon gafera or gafera mani or mini"
+beget,transitive verb,(of the male) haife
+beggar,noun,"maibarra, mobarachi, mainroko, almajiri, fem. almajira, pl. almajirai, gardi; spec. an idle b. maikasala, a b. on the road masarchi, a b. who sings a great man's praises maabba, one who lives by begging food kwarika or kwararka"
+begging,noun,"marokachi, rokachi"
+begin,verb,"fara, yin fara, dora, soma"
+beguile,transitive verb,rude
+behave,intransitive verb,"(= to turn out, prove) zama"
+behaviour,noun,"(= character, conduct) hal(i)i"
+behead,transitive verb,"yenke g 3, debe kai"
+behind,adverb,"baya or baia, abaya, dag(g)a baya; that which is b. abin baya"
+behind,preposition,"baya or baya ga, with suff. prons. gare"
+behold,verb,"duba, dubo, gan(n)i, tsokachi, yin kal(l)o; exclam. phr. duba! b. him or it gàshi! b. her or it gàta!"
+belabour,transitive verb,buga; cf. beat
+belch,intransitive verb,"gesa, geasa"
+belief,noun,(= creed) addini
+belief,noun,(= credence) bangaskia
+believe,verb,"to b. a fact gaskata, gaskanta, to b. a person bada gaskia, yin gaskia constr. with prep. ga, to b. in hankora, kas(a)ada as to b. in god"
+believed in,participle,"adj. yerdade, fem. yerdada, pl. yerdadu"
+believer,noun,mumini or mumuni
+bell,noun,"small b. attached to horse gorje, gurje, kar(r)au or kar(r)o, pl. karanrawa; small bells on horses' heads chikasoro"
+bellow,intransitive verb,ruri
+bellows,noun,"mafuri, mafurin wuta, zigazigai, zigazigai or (f 188) zugazuganata; a man who blows b. mazig; the stick of the b. maziga"
+belly,noun,chik(k)i; cf. abdomen
+belong,intransitive verb,"(= to be the property of) na, fem. ta with the forms of the v. to be"
+belong,intransitive verb,(= to be native of)
+belongings,noun,"(= property) dukia, and in a still more general sense abubua"
+beloved,noun,"masoyi, fem. masoya, pl. masoyu, lele or nalele; a thing b. abin ƙamma"
+belt,noun,"maratayi, abin damre, madanrre; b. for sword hamilu"
+bench,noun,"kushera, pl. kusheru"
+bend,transitive verb,"kalmas(a), kalma(s)he, karkat(t)a, kakartsa, tankosa, tankwas(a), tonkwoshe (?); spec. karkat(t)a or kakartsa with or without kune (ear) to b. down (the ear) in order to attend to what is"
+bending,noun,laudi
+beneath,adverb,and prep. see below
+beneficial,adjective,see seq
+benefit,noun,"anfani; of b. (= beneficial) da anfani, maianfani"
+benevolence,noun,"(= an act of b.) keauta, abin keauta"
+bent,adjective,"gangare or gangara, pl. gangaru; b. or tottering, as of a wall, karikache, fem. karikata, pl. karikatu; a man with a b. arm mailaushi, with a b. leg gwami, old man with b. back takoko"
+"benumbed, to be",intransitive verb,gage or gaga; my foot is b. dela ya kama kaffata
+bereavement,noun,kewa or kiwa
+beseech,verb,see ask
+beseem,verb,see befit
+beside,preposition,"(= at the side of) woje, awojen; in a looser sense, kus(s)a ga, tare da"
+besides,preposition,"bamda, baya, bayan, baia, baian, baya ga"
+best,adjective,"this can only be expr. by the phr. ya fi duka, mafi-duka, or ya fi kowa; cf. hausa gr. p. 46, § 5"
+betray,transitive verb,"(= to deliver up treacherously) no special term, it may be expr. by phr"
+betroth,transitive verb,"rik(k)e, rik(k)a, rik(k)i"
+better,adjective,gen. dama
+better,adjective,"a b. state of health is expr. by means of dama, afua, rongomi"
+bewail,verb,"intr. kuka, yin kuka g 4"
+bewail,verb,tr. expr. by 1. with preps. given under on account of
+beware of,verb,"yin hankali or tuna, tunane constr. with"
+bewilder,transitive verb,dame
+bewilderment,noun,damua; owing to his b. he left the path sabboda damua (or jin damua) ya rache hanya
+bewitch,verb,"yin mayi, yin maganchi"
+"beyond, to go",verb,e.g. he went b. see ya ketare gulbi
+bid,verb,"(= to offer a price for) taya, taia, tayi, yin tayi"
+big,adjective,"(of size) baba, pl. mainya; also fig. (= important)"
+big,adjective,(= pregnant) da chik(k)i
+big,adjective,"(= pompous, arrogant) da girman kai, maifoma, pl. masu foma"
+bile,noun,amai
+bill,noun,(= account) lisafi or leasfi
+bill,noun,(= beak) makoto
+bind,transitive verb,"i. damre, darime, daure, damra or darimi, sarkafe, tanke; spec. to b. fast tsuke; to b. grass with cords so as to form roof yamche or yamchi; to b. up tight sufuri, sufurchi or sufili"
+binding,participle,"n. sarkafewa; boards or stiff covers for b. books bango, taderishi"
+bird,noun,"tsuntsua or zunzua, pl. tsuntsaye or zunzaye. the following are some of the commonest hausa birds, most of which have not yet been identified: a small sparrow-like b. baiwan allah, a small b. bambami, small white diving b. benema, small black mosquito-eating b. berbira, large b. said to drink once only in two days burtu, large white-breasted wading b. chakagi, a black b. which settles on donkeys' backs cherki, red b. (plover ?) dan-raguwa, small edible water b. dunia, large carnivorous b. (eagle ?) duki, small partridge-like b. fakara, white red-beaked b. (wild goose?) gaba, pl. gabobi, yellow-breasted b. gado, large red-beaked light-blue b. gagafa, crested crane, i.e. balearica pavonina gamraka, gauraka, goraka, garmaka, honey-guide b. gunda, large black and white crow hankaka, pl. hankaki, kankaku; pigeon-like b. with red rim round eyes hasbia or harbia, b. larger than hankaka black and white plumage jinjimaka, large black"
+bird lime,noun,dankon tsuntsua
+birth,noun,(= coming into life) haifua; since your b. tun haifuanka = since you were born
+birth,noun,"(= the act of bringing forth) haifua, jego"
+birth,noun,(= condition or rank with respect to b.) zama
+"birth, to give b. to",transitive verb,"haife, haife, yin jego"
+birthday,noun,"rana ta haifua, ranan haifua"
+birthplace,noun,"mahaifua, phr. wuri enda akahaifa"
+bit,noun,"(of a horse) lizami, lezami"
+bit,noun,"(= small piece, fragment) guzura, pl. guzure"
+"bit, the strap tied to the b.",noun,kamazoro
+bitch,noun,kar(r)ia
+bite,noun,chizo
+bite,transitive verb,"chizo or yin chizo, chiji; of snakes etc. (= to sting) sare, tab(b)a, halbi"
+bitter,adjective,"da doachi, da dachi; like lemons da yami, madachi"
+bitterness,noun,doachi or dachi
+black,adjective,"bak(k)i, fem. bak(k)a, pl. babaku; very b. bak(k)i ker(r)in; a b. horse akawali, chicherro"
+blacken,intransitive verb,"(= to become or turn b.) zama bak(k)i, sauya or sauoya bak(k)i"
+blacksmith,noun,"maikira or makera, fem. makeria, pl. muk(k)ira; the fem. = blacksmith's wife"
+bladder,noun,"mafusara, jikka"
+blade,noun,"(of corn etc.) karamami, karmami, kara, tofi"
+blade,noun,(of knife) karifin wuka
+blade,noun,(= broken b. of sword) kuduru
+blame,noun,"(= finding fault, reproof) zamu"
+blame,transitive verb,"(= to reprove, check) kwaba or kwobe, yin tsawa"
+blame,noun,"(= fault, guilt) laifi"
+blame,transitive verb,(= to impute guilt) bada laifi
+blameless,adjective,"marasalaifi, babu laifi"
+blanket,noun,bergo or burgo
+blaspheme,verb,"yin alfasha, yin suabon allah"
+blasphemy,noun,"alfasha magana, maasai"
+blaze,noun,(of fire) zakami
+"bleaching, chalk used for",noun,alli
+bleat,intransitive verb,kāra and gen. yin kuka
+bleed,verb,intr. tsaga or phr. zub(b)a da jini; tr. ja jini or füt(b)a jini constr. with prep. ma
+bleeding,participle,adj. see bloody
+bleeding sickness,noun,tsagia; b. from nose hab(b)o
+blemish,noun,"material or physical b. aibu, lahani"
+blemish,noun,moral b. aibu
+bless,verb,"barka, alberka used with yi or wa"
+blessing,noun,"albarka or alberka, ṣal(l)ati"
+blighted,adjective,"applied to corn, kuturu, pl. kutāre"
+blind,adjective,"kafo, pl. kafi, makafo, pl. makafi, ido kishimi or idon kishimi or kishimin ido"
+blind,transitive verb,= to make b. makanta
+blindness,noun,"makamchi, makamta, makopchi"
+blink,intransitive verb,"rumche, rumtsi"
+bliss,noun,"nīma; cf. d 75, 78, f 222, 223"
+blister,noun,"i.e. something to cause blistering farsa, farisa"
+blister,noun,"of the skin ṣali, ṣoli or ṣoale"
+blister,transitive verb,"intr. = to be blistered ṣali, ṣoli, ṣoale, and yin ṣali"
+blood,noun,jini
+bloody,adjective,= bleeding or blood-stained da jini; his face was all b. (or covered with blood) fuskan̄sa duka sai jini
+blossom,noun,"fure, pl. furori or furaye"
+blot,noun,e.g. of ink dole or dungule
+blot out,verb,"yin maimai, shashafe, the latter used figuratively in the passive e 21 (god) shall cause others (who live thus) to be blotted out ya sa inkasha-shafe wadansu"
+blow,noun,"gen. buga; the foll. apply to blows given in punishment, fighting etc.: a b. esp. in boxing dambe, b. in fighting fada, pl. fadodi, b. with hand mari, pl. marumari, hard b. causing wound or swelling roshi, pl. ratsa, b. in punishment fig. sanda, pl. sanduna, coll. blows bukata d 44.—to strike or give blow or blows, v. gen. buga, intens. bubuga or bugabuga; mari or mare with intens. participial n. marmarawa; rochi, wulakanta, tsamki or tsumki, dakka with intens. forms dandaka and dendaki; to give a b. with clenched fist dundū, i gave him a b. that left its mark nu yi masa roshi"
+blow,transitive verb,intr. busa
+blowing,noun,busa
+"blown upon, i.e. dried",adjective,busashe
+blue,noun,shuni or juni
+blue,adjective,"da shuni or da juni; dafaft; spec. b. cloth shudi, turkudi, saki"
+"blue, to be",intransitive verb,"saki, soki or soak"
+blunt,adjective,da laushiwa; in the sense of devoid of edge babu kaifi
+"blunt, to be",verb,"dal(l)ashe, dalishi"
+bluntness,noun,"(of a knife) taderishi, laushiwa"
+"boar, the wild",noun,"alhanzir, gado, fem. gadonia, pl. gadoji"
+board,noun,"(= plank) faskari; to make into boards yin faskari, coll. boards karoki, boards for binding books taderishi"
+boast,verb,guri; to b. over sambachi
+boaster,noun,"majifoma, pl. masu-foma, maitama, pl. masutama; b. in war gujurma"
+boasting,noun,"foma, tama, chirari"
+boat (i.e. canoe),noun,"jirigi or jirgi, pl. jirage"
+boatman,noun,"majirigi, pl. masu-jirigi"
+"body-guard, one of the king's",noun,"zarumi, zaromi, zarmi or jarimi, pl. zaruma"
+boil,noun,"kuri, pl. kuraji, kureji, pl. kurareji, kirchi, gurje, girje, urji"
+boil,verb,intr. tafassa or tafessa
+boil,verb,tr. dafa or yin tafassa
+boiling,noun,taswa
+bold,adjective,see brave
+bone,noun,"ka(s)shi, pl. kasuwa"
+book,noun,"littafi or letafi, pl. littatafi; takarda, pl. takardu, kundi, kitabu; leathern case for a b., gafaka or guf(f)aka; large thick b., n. sufuri, sufili, sufuruchi; page of a b., n. waraka; stiff covers for a b., n. taderishi, bango or bungo, pl. bangaye or banguna"
+book-marker,noun,"alama or halama, pl. alamomi, amara"
+boot,noun,"spec. long leathern b. safe, high riding b. karufa, pl. karufai, long riding b. with spurs kufut(i)a or kufut(i)ai, pl. kufut(i)as or kufut(i)ai"
+booth,noun,"buka, pl. bukogi"
+booty,noun,"kwache or kwashe, also abin kwache"
+border,noun,of a country iyaka
+border,noun,silk b. on woman's dress hashia
+border,noun,"b. of cloth lafe, lafi"
+bore,transitive verb,"fuda, fude, hula"
+borrow,transitive verb,"yin aro, yin ramche"
+borrower,noun,maidaukan bashi
+bosom,noun,"gab(b)a, pl. gab(b)obi, kirji or kirji, pl. kirijai"
+bottle,noun,"tasa or dasa, pl. tasoshi, tulu, pl. tulina, dalulai; small earthenware b. buta, water b. calabash kurfu, skin water b. salka or salha, pl. salkuna, scent b. wukia"
+bough,noun,"reshe, resfe or refo, pl. refina or refu"
+bound,intransitive verb,(= to leap up or forward) tuma
+bound,past participle,"(= tied up, fastened with a band) damrare, pl. damraru"
+bound,past participle,"fig. (= obliged, required) wajib, wajib(i) with ne or ke"
+boundary,noun,iyaka
+bow,noun,"(i.e. the weapon) baka, pl. bakuna, b. and arrows bakan kibia; to discharge a b., v. halbi or harbi"
+bowels,noun,hanji
+bowing,noun,"i.e. so as to touch the ground with the forehead sajada, sujada"
+bowl,noun,"tasa or dasa, pl. tasoshi"
+bowman,noun,"mahalbi, pl. mahalbai or masuhalb"
+bowshot,noun,i.e. the measure fagia (?)
+bowstring,noun,"surkia, tsarkia, igian baka"
+box,noun,"akodi, sunduki, pl. sandukai, maisutura; spec. small skin b"
+box,verb,"dambe, goraya"
+boy,noun,"yaro, pl. yara, yaraye, yaye or yayaye, madacchi"
+boyishness,noun,hal(l)in yaro
+bracelet,noun,"tagula or tugula., pl. tagulai"
+brains,noun,"coll. kokua, kwalua, kokulua"
+branch,noun,"of trees reshe, reshe or refo, pl. refina or refu; spec. small b. hanso; b. stripped of leaves kotutura or kututura, withered branches coll. kwabruka or kwobruka, thin bending b. sumanjia a related form of which is tsumanjia"
+brass,noun,"farin karifi or jan karifi, gachi"
+brave,adjective,"mazakuta, da zucbia baba, maizuchia"
+bravery,noun,mazakuta
+bray,intransitive verb,(of the ass) berbera or birbira
+bray,transitive verb,"(= to beat small, pound) dakka"
+bread,noun,(made of wheat) gurasa
+breadth,noun,"fadi, fasiki"
+break,transitive verb,fig. to b. a promise saki alkaweli or warwari alkaweli
+break,transitive verb,"fig. intr. of the day, daylight or morning, see dawn"
+break,transitive verb,"tr. with various modifications of meaning: to b. open rub(b)e, to b. to pieces farfasha or palpashé intens. of fashe, pashe, rugunguza, to b. up karayeya and kariwiye intensive forms of karya, murkoshí, wawa or wawe, to b. up again dandaka or dendaki intensive forms of dakka"
+breakfast,noun,"kalachi (also = midday meal), kariyan azumi"
+"breath, shortness of",noun,fuka
+breathing,noun,"heavy b. lumfashi, sheda"
+breed,verb,"ba dia, yin dia, haifi, haife, haifu"
+brethren,noun,yanuwa; my b. yan-uwana
+bribe,noun,"toshi; b. given to a judge hila or fila, kirsa, rushua"
+bribe,transitive verb,chidadcheto
+brick,noun,(made of mud) tubali
+"bricks, to make",verb,yin tubali
+bride,noun,(applied to lawful wife) amaria
+bridegroom,noun,"ango, pl. anguna or angaye"
+bridge,noun,kaderko
+bridle,noun,lizami
+brigand,noun,"maife(s)he, pl. maifa(s)a; brigands, pl. only, masutari"
+bright,adjective,"fari, fem. fara, pl. farari or farufaru; farifet, da tachi, tatache, pl. tatatu, b. as"
+brim,noun,burbishi; up to the b. fan
+brimstone,noun,"fara wuta, kibrit"
+bring,transitive verb,kai
+brink,noun,"baki, pl. bakuna"
+broad,adjective,"da fadi, mafadi, mai-fadi"
+brocade,noun,"kambori; white cotton b. sama, sadowa"
+broil,transitive verb,soiya or suya
+broiled,past participle,"soiyayye or soiyeye, fem. soiyayya, pl. soiyayu"
+broken,past participle,"matache, fem. matachia, pl. matatu"
+"broken, to be b. up",verb,"warwari, wariwari, woriwori or wawari"
+broker,noun,"dilali; to act as b. yin dilali; broker's commission, cf. seq"
+brokerage,noun,"(= fee or commission as intermediary in sales) lad(d)a; if the price paid is to be ladda chikki (= b. included) the seller pays the b. (usually 5 p.c.), if ladda woje (= exclusive of b.), the buyer"
+brood,noun,"coll. (= offspring) dia or diya, in a wide or general sense 'iri, pl. irare, q.v"
+brook,noun,"rafi, pl. rafuna or rafa-fuka"
+broth,noun,"nia, romua, rumua or romo; b. made from fruit of dorowa tree dad(d)owa"
+brother,noun,dan uwa
+brother,noun,"fig. (= friend) zuma or zumu, pl. zu-muna"
+brother,noun,"as an expr. of regard in addressing others (usually with suff. pron. na) = brother! or dear friend! dan uwana, pl. yan uwana or yan uwa a 5"
+brother,noun,"elder b. yaya, wa, pl. yayu"
+brother,noun,"younger b. kane, pl. kanena or kanoni"
+brow,noun,(=forehead) goshi; he bent his b. or knit his brows (= he frowned) ya damre fus-kanza or ya jirkita fuskanza
+bruise,noun,rauni
+bruise,transitive verb,"dirje, falfas(a), rauni"
+brush,noun,"tsintsiya, abin shara"
+brush,transitive verb,(= to sweep with a broom or b.) shara or share; to b. the hair shafa gashi
+buck,noun,prefix namiji
+bucket,noun,"guga, pl. guguna"
+bud,intransitive verb,"gunda, yin gunda, yin tofo"
+buffalo,noun,"bauna, pl. bakani"
+buffet,verb,"buga, dambe"
+bug,noun,kazinzemi (?)
+build,transitive verb,"gina, kaf(f)a; the former is also spec. applied to construction of roads, the latter to that of roof etc. with beams"
+"building, a",noun,garu
+built,past participle,"ginane, pl. ginanu"
+bull,noun,"(= male of horned cattle) sa, bajimi, bajini or bijimi; spec. large (castrated) b. burtumi, kurtumi or furtumi; b. for carrying loads with spreading horns takarikara'i, pl. takarikarai"
+bull,noun,"gen. (= male of any large animal) toro, pl. torone"
+bullet,noun,arsa
+bunch,noun,"(as a b. of flowers) dame or dem(m)i, pl. damuna"
+burden,noun,"kaya or kaya, pl. kaya-yeki"
+burdensome,adjective,see heavy and troublesome
+burial,abstract noun,biso
+"burial-cloth, native",noun,zugu; see winding sheet
+burial-place,noun,"makwanche, wurin bisne, wurin kushewa, wurin kusheyi"
+burn,transitive verb,"intr. employ passive; fig. of desire etc., the heart burned zuciya ta kuna"
+burning,participle,"adj. majfura; b. disease kona, kone, kona or kuna"
+burnt,past participle,"konane, fem. konana, pl. konanu; spec. b. food, n. kamzo, kanzo or amzo; b. all over, adv. kurmus f 207"
+burst,transitive and intransitive verb,fa(s)he or pa(s)he
+bury,transitive verb,bisne or birna; spec. to b. in the earth as locusts do their eggs turubude
+burying-place,noun,see burial-place
+bush,noun,"spec. thorny b. goboddo or kobòdò, sarkàki or sirkàkia; thick-foliaged b. used as food ṣukuki; b. with white flowers"
+"bush-cat, the stinking",noun,dambiri
+bush-goat,noun,bachia
+business,noun,"(= trade, commerce) chinki, shag(g)a'ali, sheg(g)elē, shug(g)elē or shag(g)al, pl. shugulgula, bukata"
+business,noun,gen. (= concern) bukata
+butcher,noun,mafauchi or mahauchi
+butcher,transitive verb,= to slaughter animals in technical sense yin fawa
+butchery,noun,tech. = slaughtering of animals fawa
+butt,intransitive verb,tunkuda
+butter,noun,gen. whether animal or vegetable mai
+butter,noun,"cow b. main shanu, dungul(l)i, turde"
+butter-tree,noun,"the shea-butter tree, i.e. bassia parkii, kadanya; shea-butter, i.e. its thick butter-like oil, main kadanya, main kade"
+butterfly,noun,"bamota or bamaavuta, kwaro; the expr. litafin allah, lit. writing of god, is often used to designate the butterfly; cf. tadawal allah"
+buttock,noun,gato
+button,noun,makubli or makul(l)i
+buy,verb,"saye, sayi, sai, saida, sayo"
+buyer,noun,"maiasaye, pl. masu­saye"
+buzz,noun,am(m)o
+buzz,intransitive verb,am(m)o or yin am(m)o
+buzzard,noun,"neke, mekiya or mi­kiya, pl. mekiye"
+cackle,intransitive verb,"kẽrkera, kirkira a 29"
+cage,noun,"akurike, pl. akurikai, gid(d)an tsuntsua, a cage for fowl (= a hencoop) akuriken kaza"
+cake,noun,"c. of rice and guinea-corn mas(s)a; c. of wheat flour and honey fankasu; c. of bean flour and oil soto; c. of oil, honey and rice or wheat tsatsafa; cakes of rice and guinea-corn coll. wene"
+calabash,noun,"gora, pl. gorina, kworia; spec. small c. kumbu; long necked c. used as water-bottle kurku; c. finger-basin kwachia; c. strainer raria; tree, fruit of which is formed into small calabashes kukuki"
+calamity,noun,"(= distress, adversity) machiaki, masifa, ma­yata d 61, wahal(i)a or wahal(l)a; a c. (= a distressing or adverse thing or event) abin mugu or mugun abu"
+calculate,verb,"(= to compute, reckon) kedaya, yin lisafi, the latter is also commonly applied to commercial or other accounts, bills, etc"
+calculation,noun,"(= act of computing or reckoning) kedaya, kidda, kididiga"
+calculation,noun,"(= sum or amount reached by c.) kedaya, kidda, kididiga, lisafi, the last commonly applied to accounts, bills, etc., cf. prec.; beyond c. (= incalculable, innumerable) su fi kedaya"
+caldron,noun,tukunia
+calf,noun,i.e. of the leg sharaba
+calf,noun,"(= young of large animal) da, connective dan, pl. yaya or ya, connect. yayan or yan, coll. pl. dia, connect. dian"
+calf,noun,"(= young of cow) marak(k)i or mareki, fem. maruk(k)a, pl. narak(k)au; spec. a young female c. karsana"
+calico,noun,alkamura; white c. for making tobes mahamudi
+call,transitive verb,"(= to summon) kir(r)a and kir(r)aye; to c. or summon to where the speaker is, and also simply to c. kir(r)awo; to c. in the sense of to name kir(r)a suna; to express 'called' = named or entitled, cf. following: a man called bube woni mutum sunansa bube, a great man who was called the madaki baba anache mashi madaki g 4, calling out, verbal n. kir(r)a, calling of fowls ságara a 29"
+calm,noun,"(= absence of wind, still weather) natsu; also used fig. in the sense of relaxation or rest; c. after a storm shiriru or shiru"
+calm,transitive verb,(= to appease) lalashi or lilashi
+calumniate,verb,chi baya or chimbaya
+calumny,noun,chimbaya
+camel,noun,"rakumi, pl. rakuma which also = the female c.; the female c. tagua, pl. taguai; spec. large male c. amale or amali, kutunku; smell of c. funi; the constellation of the c. tagua"
+camp,noun,"halting ground of travellers etc. zungo, cf. seq"
+camp,noun,"(in the military sense) sansan(i); camping-place, n. wurin sabka or sapka"
+camphor,noun,kafur
+can,noun,see pitcher
+cane,noun,"gora, pl. gororo or gorina; spec. water-cane burugu; small species of c. kuruki; sort of bamboo c. kwangi; sugar c. takanda or takanta"
+cane,noun,"(= walking-stick) sanda, pl. sanduna"
+cannibal,noun,jan mayi
+cannibal,noun,c. tribes of s. e. hausaland yam-yam
+cannon,noun,"madafa, pl. madafa"
+canoe,noun,"jirigi or jirgi, pl. jirage; c. cover rumpa, pl. rumfuna; c. paddles filafile or fulafule; c. paddle used as a rudder matuki; cf. seq"
+"canoe, to paddle a c.",verb,"tuka, the participial n. of which is tukawa"
+canter,intransitive verb,"jigerbibi, kokofa or kokwafa"
+cap,noun,tagia; spec. a white c. worn inside fez fula; a blue or black c. fula saki; c. of red cloth with tassel = fez faladara or fuladara
+capture,transitive verb,1. (= to catch or
+caravan,noun,"aiyari; chief of a c. jaji; head-man of a c., who walks behind it madugu, pl. madugawa; guide or forerunner of a c. jagaba or shugaba, pl. jagabai or shugabai"
+carcass,noun,"gawa, pl. gawaweki"
+care,noun,(= heed) rua in neg. and interrog. clauses
+care,noun,(= sorrow) machiachi or machiata; matamache coll
+care for,verb,"(= to heed, regard) waivaiya, kulla or kullata or yin kulla; to c. for (= to pay attention to and so beware of) tuna, yin hankuri; all of these verbs except the first govern an object by means of prep. da"
+careful,adjective,(= heedful) maihankali; to be c. see care
+carefully,adverb,"(= heedfully, prudently) da hankali"
+carefully,adverb,(= attentively) sar(r)ai
+careless,adjective,(= imprudent) marashankali; (= inattentive to work) mailalachi; spec. of one who breaks or injures what he gets mabukachi
+carelessly,adverb,"babu hankali, da lalachi, da lalafanchi, da sakafchi; to act c. through absence of mind shagakichi"
+carelessness,noun,"(= indifference, idleness) lalachi, lalafanchi"
+caress,noun,lalaba
+caress,verb,yin lalaba
+cargo,noun,kaia or kaya
+carpenter,noun,"maasaski, pl. masasaka"
+carpet,noun,kilishi
+carrier,noun,"gen. maixaya, mai-kawo; spec. hired c. alaro, dan alaro; head or chief c. sarkin alaro; a trader who carries his goods on his head dan garumfa; money paid to carriers sufuri, sufurchi"
+carry,transitive verb,"kai, shid(d)i, the latter constr. with da; to c. in shig(g)a da, shiggo da (lit. to enter with)"
+case,noun,"(= receptacle, cover) gid(d)a"
+case,noun,(= state or condition) zama
+case,noun,"(= event, thing) abu"
+cast,transitive verb,"jefa; to c. aside yesda, yedda, yashe; to c. out (= throw out) jefa da, jefas, jefasda, jefa, jefashe; (= to expel as from the mind, the throne, etc.) fidda, fit(a with da, fishe"
+castigate,transitive verb,"(= punish) falasa, palasa"
+castigate,transitive verb,"(= beat) buga, bubuga"
+castigation,noun,"1. (= punishment) falasa, palasa"
+castle,noun,kasru
+cat,noun,"(= tame c.) kenwa, keanwa or kyanwa, pl. kenunna and kenwai, mag(g)i, mus(s)a, pl. mus(s)oshi"
+cat,noun,"spec. bush-c. dambiri; large bush-c. or small leopard tawarwara; civet-c. mag(g)i tental; wild c. kenwat, mazoro also spelt masaru, masuru, musuru, muzuiri and muzuuru, jimolo"
+cataract,noun,(of the eye) hakia or hekia
+catch,transitive verb,"kama, kamu, ruski; to c. cold"
+"caterpillar, hairy",noun,"kis(s)aka, kulba"
+cattle,noun,"coll. dabba or dabbo, pl. dabboni or dabbobi; (= cows) shanu"
+caught,participle,"adj. (of a fire) gaasashe, fem. gaasashia, pl. gaasashu"
+cause,transitive verb,"sa, ba or bada, maida, yi; these are construed as follows: i caused him to laugh na bashi daria, he caused me to fear ya bani tsoro, he caused him to sleep ya sashi shi kwanche or ya maidashi shi kwanche"
+cause,noun,"(= positive origin or ground) guzu or gusu, sab-(b)abi, sub(b)abi or subub(b)i; without c. babu sab(b)abi"
+cause,noun,(= reason adduced in proof or explanation) dalili
+causeless,adjective,babu sab(b)abi
+caution,noun,(= prudent care) hankali
+cautious,noun,da hankali; to be c. yin hankali
+cavalry,noun,"garikine; c. with shields garki or garikine; c. with shields barda, pl. baradine; collection of c. har(r)i, kangar"
+cave,noun,"kogo, pl. koguna"
+cease,verb,"daina or dena, intr"
+ceaselessly,adverb,kulyaushe
+ceil,transitive verb,yabe
+ceiled,participle,"adj. yababe, fem. yababa, pl. yababu"
+celebrate,transitive verb,"(= to praise, honour) yab(b)o, yin yab(b)o"
+celebrated,participle,"adj. yeb(b)abe, fem. yeb(b)aba, pl. yeb(b)abu"
+celebrity,noun,yab(b)o
+celestial,adjective,"maisama, applied to god, a 2"
+centipede,noun,"shanshani, pl. shanshanu, buzuzu, kadan-dunia"
+centre,noun,"tsak(k)a, tsak(k)ia; spec. c. on the inside of thatch roof kondo or kwando"
+certain,adjective,"1. (= assured, true)"
+certainly,adverb,"v. da gaskia, enche, hakika, labudda, tubbas; c. is expressed also by means of tabbata"
+certainty,noun,gaskia
+certificate,noun,laya
+certified,participle,"adj. shaidade, fem. shaidada, pl. shaidadu"
+certify,verb,hakikanta
+cesspit,noun,"salga, pl. salgagi"
+chafe,intransitive verb,(= to feel irritated) jin haushi; he chafed at this ya ji haushin wonan
+chaff,noun,"dusa, kaikai, soshia; small piece of c. tsinki or zinke, pl. tsinkai or zinka"
+chagrin,noun,haushi
+chain,noun,"sarka or surka, pl. sarka or sarkoki; coll. chains saari; c. armour sulke, mari, pl. marurua"
+chair,noun,kushera; take a c. ka zamna abissa kushera; karaga
+chalk,noun,alzibbus; c. or white earth used for bleaching thread alli
+chamber,noun,"daki, pl. dakuna; very small c. or closet loloki, pl. lolokai"
+chamberlain,noun,madaki
+chameleon,noun,hawainya or hawainya
+chance,noun,see accident
+change,transitive verb,"tr. maida, maïshe, sake, sake, saké or saki"
+change,transitive verb,"intr. mayesda, rikida, jirikita, the last referring to any c. of position whether material or figurative"
+change,transitive verb,"for the engl. c. hausa very often has the weaker expr. become zama, kowa"
+changed,participle,"sauyaye, fem. sauyaya, pl. sauyayi; sakake, fem. sakakiya, pl. sakaku; rikidada, fem. rikidadia, pl. rikidadu"
+chapter,noun,"(= division of a book) kai, sura, pl. surori"
+character,noun,(= disposition) hal(l)i
+character,noun,"(= good repute) suna; he bears a high c. sunansa nagari ne, cf. fame"
+character,noun,to have a certain c. is expressed by means of v. tarika
+characteristic,noun,"hal(l)i, pl. hal(l)ai"
+charcoal,noun,"gavori or goi, pl. gawayé, not used of burning c. for which cf. 2"
+charcoal,noun,"burning c. garwashi, pl. garwashoshi"
+charcoal,noun,"charcoal-tree, a small tree kiriya, from which is made smith's c. garwashin kiriya"
+charge,verb,(= to load) chik(k)a or dora
+charge,verb,"(= to command) hakunche, hakumta"
+charge,verb,"(= to rush on, to attack) fadi (bissa, bissa ga or) abissa"
+charity,noun,see alms
+charm,noun,"1. gen. whether written or of any other kind magani, laya, hatumi or katumi, bara; sunan allah (lit. the name of god), this is used of various charms which are written on a smooth board, the ink from which is washed off and swallowed"
+"charmer, snake-",noun,"gardi or gerdi, pl. gardawa or gerdawa, turdi, pl. turdawa"
+chase,noun,(= hunting) farauta
+chase,verb,(= to hunt) yin farauta
+chase,verb,(= to drive away) kore
+chaste,adjective,tsalla
+chastise,transitive verb,"kãda, see castigate"
+chat,noun,"and v. see conversation, converse"
+cheap,adjective,"da araha, buhu; it is c. shina da araha"
+cheapness,noun,araha
+cheat,verb,"chin riba, chin kura, rikiche or rikichi, zambache or zambata"
+cheat,noun,"(= fraud) kura, riba, rikichi or rikiche"
+cheat,noun,"(= one who cheats) machikura, pl. machikura; maichin kura; mairiba, pl. masuriba or mairiba da kura; maizambachi or maizambata"
+cheating,noun,"kura, see prec"
+check,verb,"(= reprove) kwaba, kwobé"
+check,verb,"(= hinder, restrain) han(n)a"
+cheek,noun,"kumchi, pl. kum(m)atu; hair on the cheeks saje or saji"
+cheer,verb,"bada murua, yin murua"
+cheese,noun,chukumaara
+chew,verb,"tr. tamna, tona, tsuk(k)e"
+chewed,participle,"tumanne, fem. tumanana, pl. tumanau"
+chicken,noun,"tsako, tsiako, chikako; dantsako or dantsiako, pl. yantsako"
+chicken,noun,coll. yanchikako
+chief,noun,baba
+child,noun,"(= son or daughter) da, connect. dan, fem. dia, pl. yaya, yayaye and ya, connect. yan; yaro, pl. yara (lit. lad) less frequent"
+child,noun,"(= young person) yaro, pl. yara, kuruchia or kurichia"
+child,noun,"a very young c., an infant up to one year of age jariri, jarili or"
+childhood,noun,"yarinta, yaranchi"
+childish,adjective,da hal(l)in yaro
+childishness,noun,"hal(l)in yaro, hal(l)in kankanta, kuruchia or kurichia"
+chill,noun,"funturu, especially that felt at night"
+chin,noun,"haɓa, pl. habobi; double c. maroro or malolo"
+china,noun,geogr. sin
+chisel,noun,kurufi; spec. c. for cutting iron furufi
+choke,transitive and intransitive verb,makure; to cause to c. sumanche or sumanche
+choler,noun,see anger
+choose,verb,"zabe, zaba, zabi; spec. to c. out one or more pieces of anything (= to select) wari"
+"christian, a.",noun,"annas(g)ara, also used as coll. pl. christians"
+christianity,noun,addinin annas-(g)ara
+"church, i.e. a place of worship",noun,"masallachi, pl. masallatai"
+churn,verb,"burka, tunkui mono"
+cicatrice,noun,"tubbo, tombo or tabo"
+cinders,noun,"garwashi, pl. garwashoshi"
+circle,noun,guda
+"circuit, to make the c. of",transitive verb,"kewoye or kewayi, yin kewoye"
+circumcise,verb,yin kachia or yenke kachia
+circumcision,noun,kachia; spec. the ceremonial used at c. sal-lataawa
+"cistern, large",noun,"bingi, kurduduf(f)i, kunduduf(f)i or kududuf(f)i"
+citizen,noun,"dan gari, pl. yan gari"
+city,noun,"birni, pl. birane or birnua, used of large and walled towns, while gari, pl. garurua and garigarua, is applied to less important and to country towns"
+civet-cat,noun,mag(y)en tental; frankincense obtained from the c. turare
+claim,noun,alhaki
+claim,transitive verb,(= to demand as one's own) nema
+clamber,verb,see ascend
+clamour,noun,"(= loud outcry) kururua, dum(m)i"
+clamour,verb,(= to cry aloud) yin kururua
+clan,noun,"dengi, denga or deg(g)i, pl. dengogi; iri, pl. irare"
+clap,verb,"(= to strike the hands together in applauding etc.) tafa or taf, yin tafi, ban hannu"
+"clarify, by straining",transitive verb,tachi
+clasp,verb,(= to embrace) rungume; to c. the hands together tafi
+claw,noun,"of an animal, chafa"
+clay,noun,"yimbu, yambu"
+clean,transitive verb,"e.g. with water dariwoye; of the hair, garments etc. tsapta, cf. wanke; (= to scrape off, c. off) gogi, goge"
+clean,adjective,"gen. sar(r)ai, of wheat chari or tsari"
+clean,adjective,"(= ceremonially and so also morally c., pure) halal, halas, hallata, chari or tsari"
+cleaned,participle,"gertache, fem. gertata, pl. gertatu; wankake, fem. wankaka, pl. wankaku; c. from husks etc., of rice, shanshere, surfafe"
+cleanliness,noun,"of the person, clothes etc. tsapta"
+cleanness,noun,in a religious or moral sense tsarki
+cleanse,transitive verb,(of the heart) tsarkaka or charkaka
+clear,transitive verb,"used of ground before ploughing, sasabe"
+clear,adjective,"(of liquids, the sky etc.) da tachi"
+clear,adjective,"(= manifest, plain) tsahiri, sar(r)ai, kwarai"
+clear,adjective,"(= pure, irreproachable) tsari or chari"
+"clear, to make",transitive verb,(= to explain) waye
+clearly,adverb,"(= manifestly, obviously) sar(r)ai, tsahiri, kwarai"
+cleave,transitive verb,(= to cut with a strong blow) sare
+cleave to,intransitive verb,"rik(k)e, rik(k)a, rik(k)i, daffe, tsawshi"
+clever,adjective,"i.e. in an art or profession gon(n)i, pl. gon(n)ai"
+clever,adjective,"gen. = astute or cunning shaitan, i.e. as c. as satan"
+cleverly,adverb,"gon(n)e, (= cunningly) da wayo"
+cleverness,noun,(in an art etc.) gon(n)inta
+cleverness,noun,"gen. asanchi or azanchi, budi, hikima; see ability 2"
+climb,verb,hawa or hau
+cling to,verb,rabe; to c. to a person in fear rafaki
+cloak,noun,"alkebba, pl. alkebbu, riga"
+cloak,transitive verb,(= to put on a c.) sa alkebba
+cloak,transitive verb,"(= to conceal) rufe, rufi or rife"
+clock,noun,"saa, lot(t)u. n.b. such hausas as are acquainted with our clocks express 'o'clock' thus, three o'clock saa uk(k)u; half past eight o'clock turkish time saa tok(k)o da shashi na turkawa"
+close,transitive verb,intr. of the eye in death birkiske
+close,transitive verb,"to c. with, used of a bargain or agreement yerda"
+close by,adverb,"kus(s)a, yaugau or yoyo"
+close to,adjective,"nan da nan, dubbara da"
+closed,participle,"(= fastened up) girkeke, fem. girkekia, pl. girkeku"
+closet,noun,"(= small room) loloki, pl. lolokai"
+cloth,noun,"spec. names of stuffs are; blue c. shudi; blue, shiny c. turkudi; c. formed of blue and white strips keke; native blue or black c. with silk inwoven ridi; native black striped c. bunu, pl. bunai; native striped c. luru; dark-coloured women's c. zalwani; variegated c. zaura or idon zaura; variegated c. used for turbans bermushi; a kind of velvet c. yapki; white native c. (calico?) dimi; c. that has no seam in it livaasa; woollen c. mulufi or malufi; c. worked with gold inside dibajo"
+cloth,noun,"(= piece of c. in various senses and spec. = engl. 'a cloth') a loin c. bante, pl. bantuna, a goatskin loin c. walki or wolki; a shoulder c. lek(k)e; a small piece of c., a c. kalkaf(f); a piece of c., a woman's c. zan(n)e, zan(n)i or zen(n)e, pl. zan(n)ua, lulubi or lulube, cf. a 28; c. gusset in a tobe shija; a remnant of c. guzaura, pl. guzaure; a strip of c. kwaria; half a piece of c. when it has been cut in two ausigi; a narrow silken line in c. barage; to twist a piece of c. jainye"
+cloth-measure,noun,"cubit kamu; 8 kama = 1 zan(n)e, 4 1/2 zan(n)e = 1 turuni, the last = 22 yds nearly"
+clothe,transitive verb,"sit(t)ira, sutura and sit(t)irta; sa (lit. to put on or upon)"
+clothes,noun,coll. tufa as well as its pl. tufafi or tufoti; riguna; spec. beautiful c. sit(t)ira or
+clothing,noun,"e.g. fine c., beautiful c.; cf. prec"
+cloud,noun,"habakī, pl. habaka; special names, where in engl. adjectives would be employed, are: moving c. gilgiyī, girgiyī or girigiyī; small white, still clouds lumshi; a c. that produces a shower zīrmania; clouds coll. gajīnare or gashimare"
+cloudy,adjective,expr. by da with prec
+cloven,participle,"rababe, fem. rababa, pl. rababu"
+cloves,noun,coll. kanumfarī
+club,noun,"gommī; clubs, pl. gudumai or gundumai d 41"
+coal,noun,see charcoal (coal is unknown in nigeria)
+coat,noun,riga
+coat,noun,"c. of mail made of cloth and padded with cotton, wool, etc. lufudī, pl. lufudai"
+cock,noun,"(= male of poultry) zakara or zakaru, pl. zakaru or zakaru; maishar(r)a, maichar(r)a"
+cock,noun,to express precisely the male of birds miji or namiji (hen mache) must be used where the gender is not denoted by different words
+cock,noun,"as a name of species of wild birds like engl. black cock or fr. coq de roche zakara, q.v"
+cockroach,noun,"kenkes(s)o, pl. kenkes(s)ai"
+coerce,transitive verb,(= restrain) han(n)a
+coerce,transitive verb,see to force
+coffee,noun,qahawa or qahwa
+coffer,noun,see box
+cogitate,verb,"tuna, the obj. of thought is constr. with da or ga"
+cogitation,noun,tunane
+cohabit with,verb,gama da mache
+coil,intransitive verb,nad(d)e; intr. and refl. to c. up nad(d)u
+cold,adjective,"dari, sainyi, da dari, da sainyi"
+cold,noun,"dari, sainyi"
+cold,noun,"(= catarrh) dari, sainyi"
+cold,noun,spec. c. felt at night funturu
+collar,noun,spec. a padded cloth collar used in war to protect the back of the neck dagumi
+collect,transitive verb,"intr. taru, also the pass. antara"
+collected,participle,"tarare, fem. tarara, pl. tararu"
+collection,noun,"(of men and things) taro or taru, pl. turori; tsibi or subi; chushe; the last two imply that the c. is large"
+collector of taxes,noun,jekada
+colloquy,noun,zanche
+colour,noun,"launi, rin(n)i or rin(n)a; blue c. shuni or jumt"
+coloured,participle,"turare, fem. turara, pl. turaru"
+colt,noun,dan dnkushi
+comb,noun,"maasarchi (also masirchi and masooshi), pl. masartai; c. made of wood or iron masefi, pl. masefai and masefuna; shata"
+comb,transitive verb,"gerta, sef(f)i, shata or shache"
+"comb, the uneaten part of bees' c.",noun,taigall(a)
+come,intransitive verb,"zo; (used with pronominal forms ending in ma) zua or taua, zaka; taf(f)o or tafo"
+comfit,noun,allewa
+comfort,transitive verb,bada hankuri
+comfort,noun,"(= satisfaction) dadi, dadin zuchia, walawa"
+comfort,noun,"(= consolation) hankuri, hankura or hakora, sainyi or sainyin zuchia"
+"comfortable, to feel",intransitive verb,"jin dadi, jin dadin zuchia"
+command,noun,"(= order) hukumchi or hukumchi, pl. hukumtai, abin hakumta, abin hukumchi"
+command,verb,"hakumta or hakumche, yin umorni"
+commander,noun,"(= leader, chief) baba"
+commandment,noun,see command
+commence,verb,see begin
+"commission, broker's",noun,see brokerage
+commit,verb,"1. (= to do, to perpetrate) yi, he committed theft"
+common,adjective,(shared in by all) na duka
+common,adjective,(defiled) haram
+companion,noun,"kama, pl. kamanu, aboki, dan uwa; a c. of the same age tsaru"
+companionship,noun,(evil) tsaran̄chi
+company,noun,"taro or taru, pl. tarori, jam'u; in c. (= together) tare; in c. with tare da"
+compare,verb,gen. kotanchi or kwatan̄chi
+compare,verb,to c. by measuring golgoda or gorgoda
+"compass, iron",noun,bukari
+compassion,noun,"tausai or tausaye, sauna; to feel c. jin or yin tausai"
+compel,verb,"yin tilas, sa tilas, tilasa, tilasda"
+complain,verb,yin kururua
+complaint,noun,"(= loud expression of grief, pain, etc.) kururua"
+complaint,noun,"(= sickness) chiwo, chiuta or chuta"
+complaint,noun,"(= a grievance, a cause of c.) kara; and so"
+complement,noun,"chik(k)a, abin chik(k)awa, gayalwachi"
+complete,transitive verb,"gam(m)a f 256, fisa, and in a less strict sense = to bring to an end kare"
+complete,adjective,"chik(k)ache, fem. chik(k)aka, plur. chik(k)aku"
+complete,adjective,(of number) ba gaire
+completion,noun,"chik(k)awa, kamal; note of c. placed at end of composition iyaka"
+compose,transitive verb,(of an author) yi
+compose,transitive verb,"(= to settle or decide a dispute) sadda, raba"
+comprehend,verb,"(= to understand) fahimta or fahumta, ji"
+compress,transitive verb,"matse, matsi, mache, dankira"
+compute,verb,see calculate
+comrade,noun,"kama, pl. kamanu, aboki, pl. abokai"
+conceal,transitive verb,"rufe, rufi or rife; boye, boiye or boji; kawatshi"
+concealed,participle,"rufafe, fem. rufafa, pl. rufafu; boiyeye, fem. boiyeya, pl. boiyeyu"
+concealment,noun,"boya or boya, boiyiwaa; place of c. maboyga, wurin boiyiwaa b 98; cf. ambush"
+"conceals, one who, e.g. the truth",noun,"mainrufe, pl. masarufe"
+concede,transitive verb,(= to agree to) yerda
+concede,transitive verb,(= to yield up) ber(i) or ber
+conceive,transitive verb,(of thought) tamaha
+conceive,transitive verb,"(of the female sex) haifu, samu chik(k)i"
+concern,noun,see affair and business
+"concerned about, be",verb,kull(a) constr. with da or ga
+concerning,preposition,"bis(e)a ga, with prons. gare; du"
+conclude,transitive verb,see complete and completed
+concord,noun,saduwa; cf. agree
+concubine,noun,"sadaka, wahaia"
+condemn,transitive verb,"ka(s)he, kashi or kis(a), kada, bada laifi, laifa, kusanchi"
+condemnation,noun,"kayeswa cf. seq., allahci, lalata, the last quite general = perdition"
+"condemned, to be",verb,kayes
+condition,noun,"(= state) zama, zamanchi"
+condition,noun,(= terms) sharudda
+conduct,transitive verb,"(= to lead, bring) kai"
+"conduct, letter of safe-",noun,wotikan lamuni
+confectionery,noun,allewa
+confer,verb,(= to consult together) yin shawara
+confer,verb,"(= give, bestow) ba, bada"
+confess,verb,"furuchi, furchi or huruchi"
+confession,noun,"furuchi, furchi or huruchi"
+confidence,noun,"(= reliance, trust) amana, aminchi, amunchiwa, amuntsiwa, dangana, saduda or shaduda; to have c. in dangana, dogare, saduda or shaduda"
+confine,noun,(= boundary) iyaka
+"confined, to be",verb,(of women) haifu
+conflagration,noun,"gobara, turnuka"
+conflict,noun,"fad(d)a, fama, yaki"
+conflict,intransitive verb,"kar(r)a, kar(r)o and yin kar(r)o"
+confluence,noun,"of rivers, magangami"
+"confounded, to be",verb,sandare or sadare
+confuse,transitive verb,"(= to confound or perplex) dame or dama, daffa"
+"confused, to be",verb,damu; daffa kai and sha kai
+confusedly,adverb,damai
+confusion,noun,"(of mind) danasa, marbika, damua"
+congeal,intransitive verb,chibaru
+congratulate,transitive verb,"barka, gaishe, gaida"
+congregate,intransitive verb,taru
+congregation,noun,"jama'a, jam'u f 3"
+conjoin,transitive verb,gam(m)a
+connections,noun,"coll. kibanta, dengi, denga or deg(g)i, pl. dengoji, q.v"
+conquer,transitive verb,(= to acquire by war) chi
+conquer,transitive verb,"(= to overcome) i and ima, yin nas(a)ara, yin nas(a)archi"
+consciousness,noun,"tunane (a. particip. form), fem. tunana, pl. tunanu, is used substantively = thought, consciousness"
+consent,verb,"yerda, bada yerji, ji, so"
+consequence,noun,(= effect)
+consequence,noun,(= importance)
+consider,verb,"gen. tsokachi and yin tsokachi a 77, tuna and tunane with da"
+consider,verb,"(of a council, deliberation) yin shawora"
+consideration,noun,(= deliberation) shawora
+consideration,noun,(= importance)
+consolation,noun,"hankuri, hankura or hakora, sainyin zuciya"
+console,transitive verb,bada hankuri; to be consoled jin sainyi
+consort,noun,"see companion, comrade"
+consort,noun,"(of married people) miji, mijî, fem. mata"
+"conspiracy, to form a",verb,gam(m)a
+conspire,intransitive verb,yin baki daia
+constantly,adverb,"koyaushe, kul-(l)um, kulyaushe"
+constrain,transitive verb,"tilada; cf. compel, force"
+construct,transitive verb,gen. yi
+construct,transitive verb,spec. of roads gina
+consul,noun,gamsul
+consult,verb,"intr. (= to deliberate) yin shawora, yin roshi"
+consult,verb,"tr. v. yin shawora constr. with ma, ga, da"
+consultation,noun,"shawora, roshi"
+consume,transitive verb,"(used of fire) las(a), ka(s)he, kona, kome"
+consume,transitive verb,"(generally) chi, chida, chainye, chinye"
+contain,transitive verb,see hold
+contaminate,transitive verb,yin kasanta
+contemplate,transitive verb,see consider
+contempt,noun,rena; cf. despise
+contemptuous,adjective,see proud
+"contemptuously, treat",intransitive verb,tsaki
+contend,transitive verb,"see fight, strive"
+content,adjective,"kosa(s)he, pl. kosas(s)u; to be c. koshi"
+content,transitive verb,koshada
+contention,noun,"(= disputing) hayania, hania, musuwa; cf. strife"
+contest,noun,see contention
+continually,adverb,see constantly
+continuance,noun,"tabbatava, dawama; where is a state of c.? enna zama na dawama? c 15; long c. tsawa, tsawanta"
+continue,intransitive verb,"dawama, duma, dad(d)a, ded(d)i, faye, tabbata, tabbeta; to c. to exist ka(s)hi, ka(s)he, kasanchi; phr. we c. giving thanks muna dadada godia, i c. travelling until evening ina yini taffia"
+contract,transitive verb,(a disease) tarda
+contract,transitive verb,to c. the face damre fuska
+contract,transitive verb,"intr. v. (= to shrivel up) yaushi, yoshi"
+contract,transitive verb,(= to make an agreement) see agree
+contrivance,noun,"dabara, dubara, chim(m), chim(m)a, wayo, waya, abin wayo"
+contrive,verb,"wayo, waya"
+control,transitive verb,see restrain
+convalescence,noun,rongomi
+"convalescent, be",intransitive verb,"yin or yin rongomi, yin dama, wartsaka"
+convenient,adjective,"sawaba, daidai; cf. fit, suitable"
+conversation,noun,"battu, batunada, zanche, zanchi, fira, hira, tankawa, zantawa; hum of c. dum(m)"
+converse,intransitive verb,"tanka, tamka, yin battu, yin zanche, sanche, yin magana, tadi, yin tadi"
+conversing,particle,"tankawa, zantawa"
+"converted, be",intransitive verb,sauya
+convey,transitive verb,see carry
+convict,transitive verb,ka(s)she
+convince,transitive verb,(= satisfy by evidence) hakikanta
+convulsions,noun,"mijjira, misiria"
+cook,transitive verb,"dafa; c. without water tuya, soiya, suya; c. by blowing under a pot on the fire girke"
+cook,noun,"maidafi, maidafua, sarikin wuta"
+cooking,particle,"daffua; c. place madafa, wurin daffa; c. place on which a pot is set murufu"
+cool,adjective,"sainya, shainya, da sainyi"
+cool,transitive verb,sainya
+cooled,particle,sainyaye
+coop,noun,"akurike, pl. akurika"
+copper,noun,"jan karifi (lit. red iron); girdle made of c. tagula, tugula"
+copy,transitive verb,see imitate
+coral,noun,murjan
+cord,noun,"silia or siliya, pl. siliyu or siliyoyi, igia, pl. igoyi or igiyoyi; a c. to tie trousers round the waist kubaka"
+corn,noun,"hachi, hatsi, (wheat) alkam(m)a; guinea c. dawa, gero, kaura, farafara, mura-mura, giwakamba; egyptian c. mas(s)ara, damas(s)ara; ear of c. geza, pl. gezuna; a pit for storing c. tsuniya; to rub or grind c. tushe, nik(k)a, dakka"
+corner,noun,"kusurwa, pl. kusurwoyi, sukurua"
+corpse,noun,"gawa, pl. gawawaki, mushe, matache, fem. matachia, pl. matatu"
+correct,transitive verb,"(= punish) foro, horo, woholashe"
+correct,adjective,"daidai, nakwarai, fem. takwarai, sar(r)ai, sosai, aiwii; it is c. ya yi daidai"
+correctly,adverb,"daidai, sosai, kwarai, sar(r)ai; to count c. kilga sar(r)ai"
+cost,noun,"(= price) kurdi; what does it c.? kurdinsa nawa? its c. kurdinsa, antayansa, tamaninsa, hakinsa"
+costly,adjective,da tsada; to be c. yin tsada
+cotton,noun,"kada; c. plant abduga, audiga; c. yarn or thread abawa; white c. for sewing sulale; small piece of twisted c. shusia; seeds of c. plant anguria; silk c. tree rimi"
+couch,noun,"of a king or judge, karaga"
+cough,noun,"toari; c. medicine kazizia, q.v"
+cough,intransitive verb,yin toari
+council,noun,"fada, roshi, magantawa, magantirawa"
+counsel,noun,"dabâra, dubâra, wayo, ganawa"
+counsel,transitive verb,see advise
+count,transitive verb,"kedaya, kilga, kirga, yin lissafi, lissafi"
+count,noun,"kedaya, lissafi, lissafi"
+countenance,noun,"fuska, pl. fuskoki or fuskuna"
+country,noun,"kas(a)a, pl. kas(a)ashi or kas(a)asa, gari, pl. garurua or garigaru; uninhabited c. jeje"
+courage,noun,mazakuta
+courageous,adjective,see brave
+course,noun,takituki
+court,noun,"c. of a king fado, wurin shariara, fag(g)e, kindigaye; c. yard dandali"
+courtiers,noun,fadawa
+cousin,noun,kotana
+cover,noun,"c. of a book bango, bungo, pl. bangaye, banguna, taderishi; dish c. made of grass fâifai, pl. fiyafai; cf. covering"
+cover,transitive verb,"rufe, rufi, rife, yin sutura or sit(i)ra"
+covered,particle,"rufafe, fem. rufafa, pl. rufafu"
+covering,noun,"e.g. a blanket, bergo, burgo, mayafi, sutura, sit(i)ra, marufi, pl. marufai, rufa; c. of a door kiyauri; c. of skins tunku; c. for a horse mashimfidi, pl. mashimfuda; temporary c. for the night saiyi, pl. saiyoyi"
+covet,transitive verb,"shahawa, yin guri"
+covetous,adjective,"da rowa, mairawa, makodaita, maikanazuchi, marowachi"
+covetousness,noun,"rowa, kawazuchi, zowari, makodaichi"
+cow,noun,"saniya, pl. shanu; a small species with very short horns muturu; an old lean c. guzuma; a c. about to give birth to a calf jusga; c.-shed turiken shanu; a c. tied up by the feet dungul(i); cowhide kilago, pl. kilagai"
+coward,noun,"matsorata, bahili, lalafa"
+cowardice,noun,matsorachi
+cowhide,noun,see cow
+cowry shell,noun,"ijia, wuri, pl. kurdi or kawara or alkawara; a large c. s. gandi; a bag containing 20,000 shells kesu, karoro, kororo; large skin bag for cowries jikka, zikka"
+crab,noun,"kagu, pl. kagunai"
+crack,transitive verb,tsaga
+crackle,intransitive verb,chachagi
+craftiness,noun,wayo
+crafty,adjective,"da wayo, maiwayo, shaitan"
+cram,transitive verb,(= stuff) dora
+cramp,noun,"mijiria, misiria"
+"crane, crested",noun,"goraka, gauraka, garmaka, gamraka, gomraka; a bird somewhat resembling a c. kurki"
+crawcraw,noun,see crowcrown
+crawl,intransitive verb,"rarrafe, rubda (or rufda) chik(i)"
+crawling,noun,jan jiki
+create,transitive verb,"halita, talita, halichi"
+creator,noun,"mahalichi, maiha-lichi, haliku"
+creature,noun,"halita, dabba or dabbo, pl. dabboni or dabbobi; creatures talikai"
+credit,noun,"bashi, pl. basuska"
+creditor,noun,"maibada bashi, maibashi"
+creed,noun,addini
+creep,intransitive verb,"rarafe, sandua, sadada; c. like a cat stealthily baya baya"
+cricket,noun,"small species of, tsaniya, tsania, jare"
+crier,noun,"(= one who cries aloud or proclaims) babambade, bade; (= one who calls to prayer) maikir(r)an sal(l)a, lada"
+crime,noun,zamba
+crocodile,noun,"kada or kado, pl. kadoji"
+crooked,adjective,"karikache, fem. karikata, pl. karikatu"
+crop of a bird,noun,"maroro, malolo"
+cross,noun,"gilme, pl. gilmoni or gilnomi, gilmen itache; c. beam on top of doorway azara"
+cross,transitive verb,"gilma, ketare"
+"cross-legged, sit",intransitive verb,"turaba'i, yin turabaki"
+cross-ways,noun,mararabin hanya
+crossing,particle,"ketarewa, tsetarewa"
+crow,intransitive verb,"chira, char(r)a, kararuko, kukaruku; cock-crow chiran zakara"
+crow,noun,"species of, shimkake, hankaka, pl. hankaki or hankaku"
+crowcrow,noun,(disease) kaikai; a herb supposed to cure c. kaskawani
+crowd,noun,"(of people) gayya, taru, masautaria, alumma"
+crown-prince,noun,(i.e. heir to the throne) chiroma
+cruel,adjective,mun(n)i
+cruelly,adverb,da mun(n)i
+cruelty,noun,"kita, keta, mun(n)i"
+crumbs,noun,"burguashe, burbushi, bulbudi, barbadidi, guzura, pl. guzure"
+crush,transitive verb,"mache, machi, matse, laze, murjek(k)i, kumatata"
+cry,noun,"kuka, kuwa, muria, pl. murioyi, kir(r)a, tsuwa; loud c. ufu, kururua"
+cry,intransitive verb,"(= cry out) yin kuka, yin kururua, tsawa, tsawutawa, kara, rubsa (or rufsa), kuka; raise a c. dora kir(r)a; c. for joy guda, gudu; c. wares for sale tall(a)"
+cubit,noun,"kamu, gab(b)a, zira"
+cucurbita,noun,(= gourd) kworia
+cucurbita pepo,noun,kabeawa
+cultivate,transitive verb,"noma, nomi, nome"
+cultivator,noun,"manomi, monomi, pl. monoma"
+cunning,noun,see craft
+cup,noun,"tasa, tasa, pl. tasoshi, gora, pl. goruna, kworia; large c. sintali, shintali or shantali, pl. shintalai"
+cupboard,noun,"lokolo, pl. lokokai"
+curds,noun,"of milk, guntari"
+cure,transitive verb,"worike, worke, warke"
+cured,particle,"worikeke, fem. worikekia, pl. worikeku; to be c. worike"
+curl,intransitive verb,(used of a snake) tak(k)ura; cf. coil
+curse,noun,laana
+curse,transitive verb,"wade, wa mugunta, zage; may you be cursed! tir, uss, ush"
+cursed,particle,"laane, fem. laana, pl. laanu"
+curtain,noun,"(made of fibre and let down in front of a doorway) tsaiwa, bumu, arsaberi, tsabore, zabore, kaure, kiauri"
+cuscus,noun,"wassa wassa, kuskus"
+cushion,noun,"leferu, pl. leferai; c. placed on a donkey akumari"
+custom,noun,"ada, tada, pl. tadoji, humushi, sabo, haya or hainya, pl. hainyoyi, hal(l)i, pl. hal(l)ai, tabia"
+cut,transitive verb,"yenka, yenke, sare, yin sosaija; c. into small pieces sasabe, yenyena; c. into strips reda; c. round shankumbu; c. off chira, chire, chiro, tsira, tsire, isiro; c. down kade; c. up meat fawa; c. marks on reda; c. cloth shifchi; c. off the hair kundumi; c. with a hoe shema; c. down the harvest giribi, girbi"
+cut,particle,"yenkake, fem. yenkaka, pl. yenkaku, sarare, fem. sararia, pl. sararu"
+cutlass,noun,"takobi, takwobi, pl. takuba, tamaga"
+dagger,noun,"hargi, konga, wuka"
+daily,adverb,kowacce rana
+dalma دَلْمَ,noun,lead
+damp,noun,fumfuna
+damsel,noun,"yarinia, budurua"
+dance,noun,"rawa, lela, zaria"
+dance,intransitive verb,"yin rawa, taka rawa, yin zaria, tsal(l)i, tsul(l)i, wur(r)a"
+dandruff,noun,"toto, tautau"
+danger,noun,abin tsoro; a dangerous place wurin tsoro
+daring,adjective,see brave
+dark,adjective,da dufu; phr. it is d. ya yi dafu or rana ta dushi
+darkness,noun,"dufu, dufua, dushiawa, lungut; utter d. dufu kirin"
+darling,noun,lele
+dart,noun,"hankaltillo, hargi; a d. used for catching fish hag(g)e"
+dash together,transitive verb,"gumberi, goburi, gobre"
+date,noun,"(= tree and fruit) dabino; a bunch of dates zaraba; dates tied up in a mat lubiya; a species of dark coloured d. zabia, pl. zabiyoyi"
+date,noun,"(= time of an event) yayi, zamani, lokaci"
+daub,transitive verb,"yabe, shafa, shafe"
+daughter,noun,"diya, pl. yamata"
+dawdle,intransitive verb,"tsaiko, yin tsaiko"
+dawn,noun,"wayewa, azuba, asuba, fudowa, fudawa"
+dawn,intransitive verb,waye; the day dawns gari ya waye or less commonly allah ya waye
+day,noun,"(= the time from sunrise to sunset) rana or ra, pl. ranuka, used both as masc. and fem.; (= twenty-four hours) kwana, pl. kwanaki or kwanuka; to-day yo, yau; to stay at a place for a d. yini; three days ago wanshekaranjia; the d. before yesterday shekaranjia; yesterday jia; the following d. rana maizakua; to-morrow gobe; the d. after to-morrow jibi; the d. after the d. after to-morrow gata; the d. after gata, i.e. the fifth d. chitta; the last d. ranan gobe or ranan kiyama; the d. on which randa (a shortened form of rana da); every d. kowache rana; all d. rana duka; the d. on which a child receives its name ransuna; when d. is used with ordinal numbers the singular form is usually employed, thus: three days rana uku or kwana uku. the days of the week are: sun. lahadi, mon. latini, tues. talata, wed. laraba, thurs. alhamis, fri. aljímua, sat. assubat"
+dead,adjective,"natache, fem. matachia, pl. matatu, amaché; a d. body mushe, gawa, pl. gawaweki; (= that which has died of itself) guba; cf. die"
+deaf,adjective,"kuruma, pl. kurumai, kurma; d. and dumb bébe, pl. bébaye"
+"deaf, be",intransitive verb,kurumta
+deafness,noun,"kurumchi, kurumta"
+dear,adjective,"(= costly) da saada; (= beloved) masoyi, fem. masoya, pl. masoyi, lele, abin kamna"
+dearness,noun,(= high price) tsada
+dearth,noun,see want
+death,noun,"mutua, jinkíri, matá, (lit. last sleep) makarin berehi; a natural d. mutuan allah; sudden d. sauki mutua; the angel of d. (lit. he who separates) marabiwa"
+debt,noun,"bashi, pl. basuska, ramche; to pay a d. bia bashi; to recover a d. bio bashi, bimbashi; surety for payment of a d. lamuni, phr. he is in my debt shina da bashina or ina binsa bashi"
+debtor,noun,"maikarban bashi, maidaukan bashi"
+deceit,noun,"munafuchi, manafuchi, tsalimi, tsalumi, tsalinchi, rikiche, rikichi, hainichi, wayo, mantua, ruruda, algus; (lit. two hearts) zucbia biu"
+deceitful,adjective,"marikichi, mairigingini, rigingini, maitasalumchi, maialgus, azalumi, marude, mairude, pl. maruda"
+deceitfully,adverb,da tsalumchi; to treat d. yin tsalumchi; to act d. rikiche
+deceive,transitive verb,"rude, makuri, saishe"
+deceived,particle,"rudade, fem. rudada, pl. rudadu"
+"deceived, be",verb,rudu
+deceiver,noun,see deceitful
+decide,transitive verb,(of a judge) raba
+declare,transitive verb,"had(d)ichi, laberta, haberta, fadi(a); d. openly bayan(n)a, bayen(n)a; d. positively furuchi, furchi, huruchi"
+decline,verb,"(= grow less) the day declines rana ta tawayya, see decrease; (= refuse) ki, kiya"
+decorous,adjective,see becoming
+decrease,noun,ragua
+decrease,transitive verb,"rage, ragi, reg(g)i, tawayya, tauwi; intr. v. ragu, reg(g)i, tanaya, tawayyo, tauwi, kasaada"
+decree,noun,ajali
+deed,noun,see act
+deep,adjective,"da zurufi, maizurufi; a d. place (usually with water in it) gulbi, pl. gulabe"
+deer,noun,"barewa, pl. bareyi, dar(r)i, der(r)i, kanki; god(d)a, pl. god(d)odi, gonki; small male d. karangod(d)a"
+defeat,noun,(in war) artai
+defect,noun,"lahani, aibu; cf. blemish"
+defend,transitive verb,see guard
+defer,transitive verb,fasa
+defile,transitive verb,yin haram; cf. pollute
+defraud,transitive and intransitive verb,"chin kura, chin riba"
+delay,noun,"fashi, yauchi, dad(d)ewa, saiy; d. in paying money which is due ajali"
+delay,intransitive verb,"yin fashi, yin yauchi, wanzu, wonzu, daala, ded(d)i; d. to deliver a message ida labari; he delays to come ya deddi da zakua"
+deliberate,intransitive verb,yin shawara
+deliberately,adverb,da gangan
+deliberation,noun,shawora; place of d. wurin shawora
+delight,noun,kalkili; cf. joy
+delight,transitive verb,see please
+delirious,adjective,a d. person bori
+deliver,transitive verb,"(= give over) bada, bashi, yerda, mika; (= save) cheto, cheche, chira, chire, chiro, tsira, tsire, tesiro, chirasada, kwache, kwashe"
+deliverance,noun,"chira, chiraro, tsira, tsiraro, fansa, pansa"
+"delivered, be",verb,"haifu, haifu"
+deliverer,noun,"machechi, pl. macheta"
+demon,noun,"aljan, pl. aljannu or aljinnu or jinnu, bori, fatalwa"
+denial,noun,"(= a dispute in which something is denied) gerdama, anamuzi"
+deny,transitive verb,"musu, han(n)a, ki"
+depart,intransitive verb,"fit(i)a, ras(e)u, rabu, je, fishema"
+departure,noun,fit(i)a
+deposit,noun,"amana, lamuni; to steal a d. chin amana, cf. e 25; those who steal a deposit masutubin amana, e 15; a place in which to d. anything maaje"
+deprivation,noun,e.g. of goods wofi
+depth,noun,"zurufi, zurfi"
+"deranged, a person",noun,maieauta; to act as one d. yin raurawa
+deride,transitive verb,"yin baa, bua, yin zunde"
+derision,noun,"baa, zunde"
+descend,intransitive verb,"shid(d)a, shid(d)e, shid(d)o, sabka, sapka"
+describe,transitive verb,"kotanta, kwatanta"
+desert,noun,"(= solitary place) dawa, daji, sab(b)ara, sab(b)ura, hamada"
+desert,transitive verb,d. a friend zanda; cf. abandon
+deserter,noun,(in war) kazum
+deserve,transitive verb,chinchinta
+designedly,adverb,da gangan
+desire,transitive verb,"so, nuf(f)e, nif(f)a; d. what is wrong yin fata; burn with d. kona, kuna; kona; kone; intr. v. direct the d. maida kamna"
+desire,noun,"(= wish) so, daula, kamna, maradi, muradi; eager d. hawo; desires zuciya, nafs; evil d. shawa, shahawa, fata, guri, kodai, kwadai"
+desire,noun,"(= the thing wished for) abinsa, abin daula, maradi, muradi, guri, nuf(f)i, gata"
+desist,intransitive verb,"daina, dena, beri, ber"
+desolation,noun,"kango, pl. kangogi, afko, kad(d)aita, risbawa"
+despicable,adjective,see despised
+despise,transitive verb,"rena, kiale, taantsani, walakanta, yenke kamna, kaskata, kuskuntà, tersa, tarsaà"
+despised,particle,"renane, fem. renana, pl. renanu"
+despising,particle,"renawa, rena, reni; the d. of advice renin wayo"
+despoil,transitive verb,(in war) buruntu
+destiny,noun,"ajalì, jinkiri, kudira"
+"destitute, one who is",noun,"masiachi, pl. masiata, mayenwachi, pl. mayenwata; cf. rashi, maras"
+destroy,transitive verb,"bata, bache, halaka, fas(e), banna, tsote, tsoti, chi"
+destroyed,particle,"batache, fem. batachia, pl. batatu"
+"destroyed, be",verb,"lalachi, gurbache, yamutse, yamutse, talafa; about to be d. maiafkawa"
+destroying,particle,maiafsawa
+destruction,noun,"afko, halaka, lalata, ta'adi, batachi"
+detain,transitive verb,"riska, riske, riski, rik(k)o, tsaida, tsaihe, tawaesda, hanna"
+detect,transitive verb,(e.g. in a fault) rize
+deter,transitive verb,see prevent
+devastate,transitive verb,"yin afko, yin kad(d)aita"
+deviate,intransitive verb,(from a straight course) bauta used with hain-ya; causing to d. bautiwa
+devil,noun,"shaitan, shetan, shaitani, iblis, eblis; cf. demon"
+devour,transitive verb,"rida, chainye, chinye, chingi, hadie"
+dew,noun,"raba, reaba; a drop of d. dig(g)an raba"
+diarrhoea,noun,"gudawa, gudun daji; a medicine for d. filasko"
+dice,noun,kuria; a throw of d. jefan kuria; to cast d. yin modi (cowrie shells are generally used instead of d. for gambling with)
+die,intransitive verb,"mache, machi, mutu"
+differ,intransitive verb,yin dabam; yin bambam
+difference,noun,"dabamchi, bambamchi, bambamta; what is the d. between this and that? minene bambamchi wanan da wanan; differences (= points of variance) tsakankani"
+different,adjective,"dabam; very d. dabam dabam; d. from dabam da, dabam dag(y)a; a d. sort iri dabam"
+difficult,adjective,"da wuya; it is too d. for me ya buayeni, ya faskarani, ya fayeni"
+difficulty,noun,"wuya, karaki; with d. dak(k)e, dak(k)ir"
+dig,transitive verb,"gina, tona, haka; d. in the ground fuda; d. up land kirta; d. with a hoe shira; d. round growing corn kafa; d. a well yasa"
+dignified,adjective,"a d. person dotijo, datijo, dotizo"
+diligence,noun,"ƙokaru, him(m)a, him(m)a, aniya"
+"diligent, be",intransitive verb,"yin aniya, maida ƙokari, ƙokari; be d.! ku bada ƙokarunka b 16"
+diligently,adverb,"da him(m)a, da aniya, kwazo"
+"dim, be",intransitive verb,"ɗindimi, dushi"
+dimness,noun,"dushiwa; d. of sight nakamchi, bambarokai"
+dip,transitive verb,"tsoma, soma, soma; d. under water nuta, nus(e)a; d. the head in water yin kunduma"
+dipus,noun,(= jerboa) kurege
+direct,adjective,e.g. a d. path hanya sosai
+directly,adverb,"yanzu, koyanzu, nan da nan"
+dirt,noun,"guiba, gwiba, gwibi, dauda, kazami, pl. kazamai, kazamata, kasamata"
+dirty,adjective,"da dauda, da kazami; to make d. yin dauda"
+disagree,intransitive verb,see quarrel
+disagreement,noun,see discord
+disappear,intransitive verb,gurbache
+"disappointed, be",intransitive verb,kalma(s)he zuciya
+discern,transitive verb,"ji, bibia"
+discernment,noun,basira
+discharge,transitive verb,"(= fire off) buga, halbi"
+discharge,transitive verb,(= send away) see dismiss
+disciple,noun,"almajiri, fem. almajira, pl. almajirai"
+discomfort,noun,mako
+discontented,adjective,"one who is d. masiachi, pl. nasiacta"
+discord,noun,"fasaɗi, fasaɗa, kiyea, rikichi, sabani, fusuma, gerdama; cf. dispute"
+discount,noun,jara; a special d. lad(d)a; what d. is allowed? enna rongomi
+discourage,transitive verb,saƙe fuska (lit. to change the face); cf. dishearten
+discover,transitive verb,see find
+discussion,noun,"magantawa, magantirua, maganta; to hold a d. yin maganta"
+disdain,transitive verb,see despise
+disease,noun,"chiuta, chiwo; a. d. in women ƙwikwi, ƙuku; a. d. of the joints terga, pl. tergai, cf. turgude; a. d. on horses' legs tijo"
+disgrace,noun,walakanchi; cf. shame
+disgrace,transitive verb,"falasa, palasa"
+dish,noun,"a large wooden d. akoshi, pl. akusa; dish-cover (made of plaited grass) faifai, pl. fyafai; the knob which forms the top of dish-cover tuku, tukuum"
+dishearten,transitive verb,"karya zuchia; phr. you d. me ka karya mani zuchia, i am disheartened zu-chiata ta bache; cf. discourage"
+dishonour,noun,"kankanchi, vala-kanchi, kunia"
+dislike,noun,"haushi, kiyeiya; cf. hate"
+dislike,transitive verb,"ki, kia, kiyeiya, kankamna; they d. him suna jin haushinsa"
+dismay,noun,see fear
+dismiss,transitive verb,tayseda; cf. disperse
+dismount,intransitive verb,"shid(d)a, sabka, shid(d)a kasa; cf. alight"
+disobedience,noun,kinji
+disobey,transitive verb,ki ji
+disperse,transitive verb,"kawasda, wasa, wase, ware, walwache"
+displease,transitive verb,sa wohal(l)a; this displeased them wonan ya sa wohalla garesu; cf. distress
+displeasure,noun,"hasâla, cf. anger; to show signs of d. jir'kita fuska"
+disposition,noun,"(= temper) hal(l)i, pl. hal(l)ai; good d. farin zini (lit. white blood); bad d. bak-(k)in zuchia (lit. blackness of heart), lalata, kaferchi, mugun gashi"
+dispute,noun,"gerdama, sab(b)abi, sub(b)abi, binchik(k)i, fusuma, sabani"
+dispute,intransitive verb,"yin gerdama, gerdama, yin kokonto, yin tsamki"
+disregard,transitive verb,"rena, kal(l)i; cf. despise"
+dissemble,intransitive verb,see pretend
+dissent,intransitive verb,express d. by turning the head away kauda kai
+dissolute,adjective,see profligate
+distance,noun,to place at a d. nesanta; to keep a d. from nesanchi; a measure of d. (as far as the eye can reach) jetaka; i saw him from a d. na hangeshi dagga nesa
+distant,adjective,"nesa, dag(g)a nesa, da nesa; d. from nesa dag(g)a"
+distinct,adjective,see different
+distress,noun,"nawaya, wuya, wo-hal(l)a, machiachi, machiata, sananta, ajian zuchia"
+distress,transitive verb,"samancha, sa wo-hal(l)a; that which causes d. abin da wuya"
+"distressed, be",verb,"firgaba, jin wo-hal(l)a; i was d. na gamu da nawaya"
+distribute,transitive verb,raba
+district,noun,"gari, wuri"
+ditch,noun,gamwa
+dive,intransitive verb,"nus(e)o, nuta, nus(e)e, nus(e)a, ninkaya"
+diver,noun,(bird) dunia
+divide,transitive verb,"raba, ranaba, rarabi, kas(e)a"
+divided,particle,"rababe, fem. rababa, pl. rababu; mararaba, muraraba"
+"divided, be",intransitive verb,"rabu, warwari, wariwari, woricoi, uwari"
+division,noun,"rabo or rabu, pl. raberibi; mararabi; the dividing point of two roads marurabin haniya; d. of a town (within the walls) shia, shiwaka, unguwa, pl. unguai or unguwai"
+divorce,noun,sakiwa
+divorce,transitive verb,"d. a woman shik(k)a, saki, kore all followed by mache"
+do,transitive and intransitive verb,(= act) yi
+do,transitive and intransitive verb,"(= accomplish) yi, i, yiwa, iwa, yiwo, iwo, wa, aiki"
+do,transitive and intransitive verb,(= succeed) yi
+do,transitive and intransitive verb,"do a thing once tabba; phr. it is done anyishi, it does (i.e. it is satisfactory) ga yi; i never did so ban tabba yin hakka; na yi i did, is often contracted into nai"
+doctor,noun,"maimangani; a quack d. boka, pl. bokaye"
+dog,noun,"kar(r)e, kar(r)ia, pl. karnuka; wild d. kalieche, kelkeji; kirkeshi; an animal resembling a d. nachauchi; a mad d. kar(r)e nahaukachi"
+dollar,noun,"della (usually applied to the austrian maria theresa d.) gurus, gu, liar, bui madafa"
+dominion,noun,see kingdom
+done,particle,see do
+donkey,noun,"jaki, fem. jakainiya, pl. jakai or jakuna; large pad for a d. leferu, pl. leferai; for names of various species of donkeys see ass"
+door,noun,"kofa or kwofa, pl. kofofi, gambu; doorway bakin kofa; doorstep kwilkin kofa; a mat usually made of grass or reeds let down in front of doorway tufania, arsaberi, askunia, marufin kofa, teabore, zabore, bunu, pl. bunai, kawre, kiauri, tsaiwa, tukurua, iwa; d. post kobrin kofa; pole or bar to keep the d. shut mataushin kofa, madogara, gagara bado; door-keeper sarikin kofa"
+dot,noun,"(e.g. the d. placed above or below a letter) dig(g)a, dug(g)o, pl. dugogi"
+dotterel,noun,a bird like a d. tak(k)abod(d)o
+double,noun,gam(m)i (?)
+doubt,noun,"zuchia biu (lit. two hearts), tambaba, kokonto, tamtam(m)a, zulumi, tset(t)o, tsat(t)o, zet(t)o, shakka: without d. babu wavwa, babu shakka, babu shak, babu tambaba; an expression of d. wai"
+doubt,intransitive verb,"yin (or da) zuchia biu, yin tambaba, yin zulumi, haasahi, sauraro"
+dough,noun,"dirgaza, gaya"
+dove,noun,"kurichia, pl. kuriche-"
+down,adverb,"akas(e)a, akas; to put d. sako, zamî"
+down,noun,(of birds) sabon gashi
+dowry,noun,gara
+drag,transitive verb,see draw
+drake,noun,sakaza
+draw,transitive verb,"ja, jajaya, karikari, karkari; d. forth or out jige, fusge, jawo, fishe, fushe; d. towards oneself jawo; d. after one jaka; d. a line or a furrow kirta; d. strokes zana, zani; d. a sword zage, zagi; d. the foot on the ground murjek(k)i; d. water jan rua, gugana, kwalfa, debe rua, debo rua, dauka rua"
+drawer,noun,"(= sliding box) akodi, ganduki"
+dream,noun,mafalki
+dream,intransitive verb,yin mafalki
+dregs,noun,"quiba, quibi, (at bottom of a cup) seki"
+dress,noun,see clothes
+dress,transitive verb,(= put on clothes) sa; d leather jeni; d. meat fida (or fide) nama
+dressed,particle,"(= prepared) gertache, fem. gertala, pl. gertatu"
+dresser,noun,"(of leather) majemi, maijima"
+dried,particle,"kekashe or kekaka(s)-she, fem. kekasa(s)shia, pl. kekasasu, buasashe, shainyaye, fem. shainyaya, pl. shainyayu; dried-up tree kalun itache, kubrin (or kubrin) itache"
+drink,noun,"abinsha, nasha; a d. made of honey, pepper and water beso, baixo; a d. made from milk, rice and honey gero; a d. made with flour, etc. koko; an intoxicating d. made from guinea-corn gia, giya (the drinking of gia = shangia); drinking-water ruwa sha"
+drink,transitive verb,"sha, shawo, shaiye, shainya, shaya"
+drive,transitive verb,"(= d. away) kore, kora, koro, kare; ima, iza, sako; tsawa, yin tsawa, rauda, fasa, fafare; d. to a distance nesanta; d. away in disgust kaskata, kuskunta; d. out fishe, fushe"
+driver ant,noun,"kwarikwas(e)a, kwalkwas(e)a, kwarulkwas(e)a"
+driving,noun,(away in war) artai
+drop,noun,"dig(g)a, dug(g)a, pl. dogi, daso; a d. of dew dug(g)on raba"
+drop,transitive and intransitive verb,"(= pour out by drops) tarfi, tarfa"
+drop,transitive and intransitive verb,"(= let fall) saki, tsaga, kubche"
+drop,transitive and intransitive verb,intr. v. see fall
+dropsy,noun,hangara
+dross,noun,"(= scum of metals) tsatsa, kazin tam(m)a; to be mixed with d. yin tsatsa"
+drought,noun,farin yunwa
+drown,transitive verb,gangante
+drum,noun,"kidda, kid(d)i, kalango, tozo; a large d. ganga, pl. ganguma, dundufa, gangami, tajini; a small d. juje; a long cylindrical d. shanto; a d. with pointed bottom carried in a"
+drum,intransitive verb,"yin kidda, yin worigi"
+drummer,noun,"makiddi, maishanto"
+drumming,noun,"(accompanied by dancing) kidda, dambe"
+drunkard,noun,"maye, magi, fem. majia"
+drunkenness,noun,hajjiya
+dry,adjective,see dried
+dry season,noun,rani
+duck,noun,"kaserua, abagba (?); small water d. jalili; small black d. kirinjiyia"
+dum-palm,noun,see palm
+dung,noun,"kashi, taki, shakira, sharkira; d. of horses toroso; d. of cows or camels kandilu; d. hole salga, pl. salgagi, bayan gidda, kanakwarri; d. hill jujai, jibji"
+dungeon,noun,kurkuku
+during,preposition,"chik(k)in, a, da, ga; d. reign of chik(k)in sarota g 6"
+dust,noun,"kura, toka, pl. tokuna"
+dwarf,noun,"wada, fem. wadania, pl. wadani"
+dwell,intransitive verb,"zamna, zona"
+dweller,noun,maizamna
+dwelling,noun,"mazamna, wurin zamna, tarikachi, shigifa or shigifa, pl. shigifu or shigifofi"
+dye,noun,"rin(n)i, rin(n)a"
+dye,transitive verb,"rin(n)i, rin(n)a, tabsa, yin tabsa, tura, turi, yin turi; d. pit marin(n)a, pl. marin(n)ai; place where clothes are beaten when being dyed mabugi; owner of a d. pit or dyer marin(n)i, marin(n)i"
+dyed,particle,"rin(n)ene, fem. rin(n)ena, pl. rin(n)enu, turare, fem. turara, pl. turaru"
+dyer,noun,see dye
+dysentery,noun,"gudun daji, gudun dawa, anago, anagudawa, atuni"
+each,pronoun,"adj. kowane, fem. kowache, kowa, kowanne; e. of us kowannemu; e. of them kowannensu"
+eagerness,noun,kodai; cf. desire
+eagle,noun,"neke, mekiya, mikiya, pl. mekiye, gomdazaki; duki"
+ear,noun,"kune, kunne, pl. kunuwa; hollow behind the e. get(e); wax in the e. kwansyan kune, daudan kune; e. of corn geza, pl. gezuna, kwaya; e. of gero cooked for eating tumu"
+early,adverb,"wuri, da wuri, dauri; very e. wuri wuri; e. in the morning sasafe, fudowa, fudawa, tangarai, saumako; to come very e. samako, saumako"
+earnest money,noun,amana
+earth,noun,1. (= the world) duniya
+easily,adverb,"babu wuya, ba da wuya ba, sanı"
+east,noun,"gab(b)as, yab(b)az; one who comes from the e. bagab-(b)azi"
+eastward,adverb,gab(b)achi
+easy,adjective,lalafa; cf. easily
+eat,transitive verb,"chi; e. greedily chainye, chinye, hamfude, hanfudi, chingi; snatch in order to e. rida; anything to e. abinchi; plenty to e. zari, jibgi; that which is good to e. tutushi"
+echo,noun,"kurua, kururua, kogua (?)"
+eclipse,noun,(e.g. of the moon) duhuwa
+ecstasy,noun,"hauka, haukachi"
+edge,noun,"kauye, kowi, konwie, kawechi; (of stream) refe; (of a knife) kaifi; (of a sword) baki; (of cloth) lafe, lafi"
+edged,adjective,(sharp e.) da kaifi
+educate,transitive verb,"reno, fore, foro"
+education,noun,lad(d)abi
+eel,noun,buna
+egg,noun,"kwoi or koi, pl. kwoinyaye; e. shell kosfa or kwosfa, pl. kosfofi or kwosfofi, kambori; yolk of e. gobdua; a hen laying eggs dakolua, dakolua"
+egypt,noun,"mazar, masar; the inhabitants of e. mazarawa"
+eight,adjective,tok(k)os
+eighteen,adjective,"goma sha tok(k)os, sha tok(k)os"
+eighth,adjective,"natok(k)os, fem. tatok(k)os; one e. sumuni"
+eighty,adjective,tamanin
+either,adjective,ko; e.... or ko...ko
+elaeis guineensis,noun,(= oil palm) kwakwa
+elapse,intransitive verb,see finish
+elbow,noun,"kusurwan hannu, sukurwan hannu, did(d)igin hannu, guiwon hannu; from the e. to the shoulder damichi, damshi, pl. damasa"
+eldest,adjective,baba
+elect,transitive verb,see choose
+elephant,noun,"giwa, pl. giwaye; male e. toron giwa, toro; trunk of e. hanun giwa; tusks of e. (i.e. ivory) hakorin giwa, haurin giwa"
+elephantiasis,noun,goiwa
+eleven,adjective,"goma sha daia, sha daia"
+eleventh,adjective,nagoma (fem. tagoma) sha daia
+emaciated,particle,"arane, ramane"
+emancipate,transitive verb,"yanchi, enchi, bada diyauchi"
+emancipated,particle,berere
+embalm,transitive verb,sak(k)a chik(k)in turare
+embark,intransitive verb,hawa jirigi
+embezzling,particle,(e.g. booty) gululu
+embrace,transitive verb,"rungume, damare, gamurji, gama, gab(b)a"
+embroider,transitive verb,sharaba
+embroidery,noun,tindumi
+emerald,noun,zumurruz
+emir,noun,amiru
+emperor,noun,sultan
+emptiness,noun,wofi
+emulation,noun,"kishi, gasa"
+enable,transitive verb,see help
+encamp,intransitive verb,"shid(d)a, shid(d)e, sapka, sabka"
+encampment,noun,"sansan(n)i, zungo, wurin sapka"
+enclosure,noun,"(for cattle, etc.) garike, gerke; cf. fold"
+encompass,transitive verb,(e.g. a town in war) rize
+encounter,transitive verb,"gama (or gamu) da, tarie"
+endeavour,noun,kokari
+endeavour,intransitive verb,yin kokari; one who endeavours maikokari
+enduring,particle,"(= lasting) dad-(d)ewa, matabibata"
+enduring,particle,(suffering) see patient
+enemy,noun,"abokin gab(b)a, makiyi, pl. makiya, makinji"
+enfranchise,transitive verb,see free
+english,adjective,wherever the word is known the form ingiliz borrowed from the arabs of n. africa is used; an englishman would be mutum ingiliz
+enjoy,transitive verb,"sha, chi; w e. the shade mu sha enuwa d 75"
+enjoyment,noun,"murna, abin murna; cf. joy"
+enlarge,transitive verb,"shimfida, shimfada, yin girima"
+enough,noun,"da ya isa, busa; to have e. koshi; one who has eaten e. kosa(s)he, pl. kosa(s)u; it is e. ya isa, ya koshi"
+ensign,noun,"tuta, tuti, pl. tutoshi"
+enslave,transitive verb,maida bawa; to be enslaved shig(y)a bawancha
+enter,transitive verb,"(= go in) shig(y)a, tusga, tusge; (= come in) shig(g)o, nus(g)o; cause to e. shig(g)asda"
+entice,transitive verb,rude
+entire,adjective,see complete
+entirely,adverb,"tau, cf. also faye and fi"
+entrance,noun,(= aperture) kofa; e. room (e.g. to palace) dandali
+entrap,transitive verb,yin hako (or turko)
+entreat,transitive verb,"biko, roko"
+entrenchment,noun,"kagara or kagara, pl. kagaru"
+entrust,transitive verb,"bada, yin sabu"
+enunciation,noun,"halshi, harshi"
+envious,adjective,maitaakumchi
+envy,noun,"kita, kĩyeya, kĩji, hasada, has(a)ada, fasaɗi, fasaada, haushi, tsalumchi, tsalũmchi"
+epilepsy,noun,faifalada
+equal,adjective,"sosai, daidai; to make e. daidaíta; to be e. is(e)sạ; a thing which is e. to abin gam(m)yawa; this is e. to that wanan ya yi wonchan"
+erase,transitive verb,yin maimai
+erect,transitive verb,"tashe, tada"
+err,intransitive verb,"manta, manche, kuskure, kurkura"
+errand,noun,sako
+error,noun,"mantua, manche"
+escape,noun,place of e. wurin chira
+escape,intransitive verb,"fĩchi, chira, gudu"
+escort,noun,rakia
+escort,transitive verb,"yin rakia, raka, roma"
+established,particle,"(= firmly fixed) tabbatacĩa, laf(f)afe"
+estimate,transitive verb,kawanata
+estrangement,noun,rabũa
+eternal,adjective,hal (or har) abada
+eunuch,noun,"baba, pl. babani"
+euphorbia,noun,the e. tree kunkumia
+european,noun,"bature, ture, pl. turawa"
+even,adjective,sami; cf. smooth
+even,adverb,ko; e. now koyanzu
+evening,noun,"mareche, yamna; late e. magarub, maguriba, lisha, cf. under rana; in the e. da mareche; phr. i continue travelling till e. ina yini taffa, it is e. mareche ga yã"
+eventually,adverb,"yauyau, yoyo"
+ever,adverb,"(= at any time) dadai, tab(b)a"
+ever,adverb,"(= for ever) tutul, tutun, tutu, tutuk, tutut, hal (or har) abada, dankam, katsẽ"
+everlasting,adjective,"natuturchi, madawami, matalbetaawa"
+every,adjective,"duka, duk, kul(l)um; everyone kowa, kowanne, fem. kowache, pl. kowannensu, kowannene; everything duka komi, dukachin komi, komi; e. day kowache rana; e. morning kul(l)um safe; e. night kul(l)um dere; everywhere koenna"
+evil,noun,"abin mugu, banna, bannai, mugunta, shar(r), shariri, gaya, guriguru, guri, gwato, gwabo, sabo, chũata, zunufi, zunubi; e. desire shawa, suwa; e. disposition lalata, mugunta, kafarchi, kafrichi; e. thought bak(i)in zuchia; e. spirit eblis; e. spirits raiuka; e. speaking anaminchi; e. principle existing in the world dunia; e. doer maisaabo; to attribute e. to one doing good kushe; to e. intreat kankanta; to tempt to e. jaraba, jarabce"
+evil,adjective,"mugu, fem. mugunia, pl. miagu, mumuna, mumonat; cf. bad"
+ewe,noun,"tumkia, dumkia, pl. tumaki"
+exact,adjective,sar(r)ai
+exactly,adverb,tamgas
+exaggerated,particle,fululuwa
+exalt,transitive verb,"daukaka, daukake, maida girima"
+exalted,particle,(epithet applied to god) ta'ala
+examine,transitive verb,"dandana, dandami; cf. look at"
+example,noun,koikoiya; his e. koikoiyan sa
+exceed,transitive verb,"buaya, buaye, fi, dadl(d)a; e. in strength gargara"
+excel,intransitive verb,faye; cf. prec
+excellence,noun,"fiyaya, fiyaye, fiko"
+except,adverb,"sai; aidai, saiko"
+excess,noun,"abinda ya faye, yawa"
+exchange,transitive verb,"sake, yin musaya (?)"
+excitement,noun,karaya
+exclamation,noun,"(expressing astonishment or incredulity) huba, haba; (expressing doubt or grief) wai; words used as an e. maganan zuchia"
+excuse,noun,"huja, gafarta, yerji"
+excuse,transitive verb,"gafara, yin gafarta; phr. e. me bani yerji, gafara"
+executioner,noun,(a royal e.) dogari
+exercise,noun,to take e. (by walking) yawo; (by riding) kil(l)biaa
+exertion,noun,kokwa
+exhausted,particle,zumane
+exhaustion,noun,(from lack of food) kumolo
+exhibit,transitive verb,"nuna, nuni, god-(d)a, goda"
+exhort,transitive verb,"gargadi, galkadi"
+exist,intransitive verb,"ka(s)hi, ka(s)he; cf. be"
+expect,transitive verb,"(= await with expectation) jira; (= anticipate) tamaha, yin tamaha, hal(l)ama"
+expectorate,intransitive verb,"tofi, fesa, furja"
+expel,transitive verb,"kora, kore"
+expense,noun,see cost
+expensive,adjective,da tsada; phr. it is too e. ya fi da tsada; to be e. yin tsada
+experienced,particle,"gon(n)i, maigon(n)i"
+expert,adjective,cf. prec
+explain,transitive verb,"waye, nuna, nuni, hal(d)ichi, yin fassara, haberta; phr. e. it to me ka gaya mani, ambatoni"
+explained,particle,akamawata
+explanation,noun,"wayewa, nunawa, fassara, fassaranta"
+extend,transitive and intransitive verb,see expand
+"extended, be",intransitive verb,miku
+extent,noun,see limit
+extinguish,transitive verb,kufuli
+extract,transitive verb,"jawo, finge, fusge, fishe, fushe"
+exult,intransitive verb,"yin raha, raha"
+exulting,particle,raha
+eye,noun,"ido, pl. idanu and idan-danu; eye-ball kwagyan ido"
+fable,noun,"tasunia, michali, almara, fira"
+face,noun,"fuska, pl. fuskōki and fuskāna, huska; to f. towards the speaker gabato, gabatowa; to f. in a given direction fuskanchi, fuskanta"
+fade,intransitive verb,"tafe, tafi, yaushi, yoshi, yin yaushi, (used of cloth) kwaki; (used of leaves) fofo"
+fading away,particle,kwake
+fail,intransitive verb,"(= decay) ras(u); (f. to keep a promise) kuskure, kurkura; (= fall short of) kasa, kasa; f. to get tabe; f. to understand rudi"
+faint,adjective,zumane
+faint,intransitive verb,"yin suma (or zuma), jin suma, suma, gaji"
+faintness,noun,"suma, zuma, zuma, gamata, (from lack of food) kumolo"
+fair,adjective,"keau, da keau, maikeau, maikiyo"
+faith,noun,"aiman, aminchi; the f. of islam musulmunchi; cf. believe"
+faithful,adjective,"yerdaji, salihi, pl. salihai"
+faithfulness,noun,aminchi
+falcon,noun,"shafo, shahau, jehurma"
+fall,noun,"faduwa, saraya"
+fall,intransitive verb,"fadi, fada, fado, yin saraya, kucha, kuza, ture; f. down before anyone runesuna, rusona; f. in (used of a well) gubchi; make to f. gochema; f. upon hage; f. in with tsayi, tsaya, tsai"
+falling,particle,"fadua; f. into ruin rushiwu; sound of f. glass kilin kilin, kirri kirri"
+false,adjective,"maragasakia, f. dealing kawawa na karia d 7; to spread f. news kormot(o), chinewa, chima"
+falsehood,noun,"karia, kariatchi"
+falsely,adverb,to swear f. yin kapara
+fame,noun,yab(b)o
+family,noun,"members of f. iyali, um(m)a, dengi"
+famine,noun,"yunwa, often pronounced yungwa, farin yunwa"
+fan,noun,"fifche, mafuchi, pl. mafelfechi; (made of woven grass) faifai, pl. fiyafai; (made of"
+fan,transitive verb,bakache; one who fans maibakache
+far,adjective,da nesa
+far,adverb,"nesa; as far as har, hal, har ga, tun, tunda; to place f. off nesanta"
+farewell,noun,to bid f. gaida; an expression of f. sai wota rana
+farm,noun,"gona, pl. gonaki; f. work aikin gona; owner or cultivator of a f. maigona"
+fashion,noun,"(= mode, custom) hal(b)e, pl. hal(l)ai"
+fast,noun,azumi
+fast,intransitive verb,yin azumi
+fasten,transitive verb,(e.g. with nails) kaf(f)a; (= tie) damre
+fastened,particle,"(= closed) girkeke, fem. girkekia, pl. girkeku"
+fat,noun,"kib(b)a, pl. kibobi, kis(e), pl. kisosi, gwabi; f. of meat mai"
+fat,adjective,"da kib(b)a, da gwabi, maigwabi, kauri, kabri; one who is f. maitumbi, maigato, majiki, maichik(k)e, gendi, fem. gendia; to grow f. yin kib(b)a, yin ter(r)inia"
+fate,noun,jinkiri
+father,noun,"uba or oba, pl. ubane or ubanai; father-in-law surki, sariki"
+fatigue,noun,gajia; failure through f. gajewa
+fatigued,particle,"gayara; to be f. gaji, jin gajia"
+fatness,noun,ter(r)inia
+fault,noun,(= defect) aibu
+fault,noun,(= offence) laifi; f. finding bimbini
+favour,noun,alheri; to show f. yin keau; phr. he wins f. ya yi tomashi
+fear,noun,"tsoro, tinzera, tunzurua, razan(n)a, giz(z)o, falgaba, raki, shaii, shigoro, zulumi; to cause f. bada tsoro"
+fear,transitive and intransitive verb,"jin tsoro, yin shigoro, razan(n)i, tsantsanta"
+feast,noun,"buki, biki, idi, religious f. salla; to make a f. yin buki"
+feasting,particle,(esp. used of marriage f.) wasan buki
+feather,noun,"fikafike, pl. fikafikai, fukafuki, pl. fukafukai, gashi"
+fee,noun,"(paid by recipient of a royal present) tukuchi, takichi, tokoci; market f. lad(a)"
+feeble,adjective,"kumama, marasakari"
+feebleness,noun,kumamanchi
+feel,transitive verb,"(= perceive by touching) lalabe, ji, tab(b)a"
+feel,transitive verb,"(= be affected) ji; f. about whilst searching fafake; f. anything in order to test its weight jin-jini, jijjiga; f. afraid jin tsoro"
+fell,transitive verb,(= cut down) sare
+fellow,noun,"(= partner) kama, pl. kamanu"
+female,noun,"(of human beings and animals) mache, machi, pl. mata"
+fence,noun,"darmi, damfam(m)i; (f. round garden) danga, pl. dangogi; (f. made of stalks or thorns to keep in sheep, etc.) shinge, shimge, pl. shimagye"
+fencing,noun,(a game) sharo
+ferryman,noun,sarikin rua
+festival,noun,sal(l)ata
+fetch,transitive verb,"kawo, zo da; cf. bring"
+fetters,noun,"malwa, mari, giger, sarka"
+fever,noun,"mas(s)asara, zaz(z)abi, zaz(z)ebi"
+few,adjective,"kad(d)an, kanana, kankani, kankane, tsarari"
+fez,noun,"fuladara, faladara, tagia"
+fibre,noun,"(of palm tree) kab(b)a, (used for making rope) saaiwa"
+field,noun,"(cultivated) fili, pl. filaye, gona, pl. gonaki; (barren) sabura, sar(r)ari; (very large) karikara, karkara, pl. karkarori or karkaroni, daji"
+fierce,adjective,to be f. haukache
+fiercely,adverb,da kangara
+fifteen,adjective,"goma sha biar (or bial), sha biar"
+fifteenth,adjective,nagoma (fem. tagoma) sha biar
+fifth,adjective,"nabiar, fem. tabiar; one f. humushi"
+fifty,adjective,hamsin
+fig,noun,"(tree) itachen baure, baure, bore; (fruit) baure, bore"
+fight,noun,"fad(d)a, fama, kokua, yaki, jaiya"
+fight,intransitive verb,"fad(d)a, yin fad(d)a, far, fata, yin fama, yin kokua, sab(b)a, yin jaiya, goraya"
+file,noun,"xerto, derto"
+file,transitive verb,"gurjago, gurzago; (a sword) akras, yin akras"
+fill,transitive verb,"chik(k)a, tsik(k)a; f. full chikchik(k)a, yin chikchik(k)a; to f. up a hole turubude; phr. fill them up kawo chik(k)onsu"
+filled,particle,"chik(k)ache, chik(k)aka, achik(k)a; to be f. chik(k)a"
+filling,particle,chik(k)awa
+filter,noun,(usually in form of small basket through which water is strained out) marari
+filter,transitive verb,rare; one who filters mairarewa
+filth,noun,"dauda, jaraba"
+filthy,adjective,da dauda; to be f. yin najasu
+find,transitive verb,"samu, same, samo, sama; try to f. tuske, tuski"
+fine,adjective,(= beautiful) da keau; very f. kal(l)o kal(l)o
+finger,noun,"yasa, pl. yasosi; the little f. auta yasa; f. nail farichi, kambori, kumba, pl. kumbuna or kumbai, danuba, ahajafa"
+finish,noun,see end
+finish,verb,"kare, wanya, wanji, wanye, gam(m)a, gum(m)a"
+finished,particle,"kaf(f)afe, fem. kaf(f)afa or kaf(f)afa, pl. kaf(f)afu; phr. it is f. ya kare, ya tsaya, tamata; he f. speaking ya yi magana ya kare; the month is f. wata ta mutu"
+fire,noun,wuta; fire-place murufu
+fire-fly,noun,dâm(m)e̱ dawwa
+firewood,noun,itachen wuta
+fireworks,noun,(display of) wowo
+firmament,noun,"hawa, sama"
+first,adjective,"nafari, fem. tafari"
+first,adverb,"naferko, dafari, tukuna, tukuna(n)a"
+fish,noun,"kîfi, kîfe, pl. kîfaye; mudfish gàwà; electric f. mijirìa, misirìa; large f. from which oil is obtained gîni, zawi; a kind of jelly f. karaya, karaià; a f. resembling an eel gondo; a f. with a belly like a frog talibambam; shell f. kumba, pl. kumbuna; f. with large teeth tsag(g)e; f. like a salmon fala; species of flat f. karfa(s)shi; other species of f. (unidentified) kuku, kulume, kuma, gargas(a), pl. gargas(s)u, mari, kurungu, baramchi, yauni; scales of f. kumba, pl. kumbuna; f. bones kayan kîfi; net for catching f. koma; spear for catching f. hag(g)a; f. trap murmura; fishing line with hooks attached faza, murimuri; f. hook kugiya, kogia, kogua, pl. kugiyoyi"
+fish,intransitive verb,kama kîfi; f. with small hand-net su
+fisherman,noun,"(who uses small net) maisu, pl. masusu"
+fist,noun,to close the f. tunkushe
+fit,noun,"(fainting f.) gamata, falfala"
+fit,adjective,"da ya kamata, sawabe, sawaba; to deem f. gamshe"
+"fitting, be",intransitive verb,"kamata, gamshe, gamma"
+five,adjective,"biyar, bial, biat, hamsa; f. thousand hamsa, q.v"
+fix,transitive verb,see fasten
+flag,noun,"tuta, tuti, pl. tutoshi"
+flame,noun,kalshin wuta (lit. tongue of fire)
+flat-fish,noun,"species of, karfa(s)shi"
+flatten,transitive verb,nani
+flattened,particle,naname
+flatter,transitive verb,"lalashi, lilashi"
+flattery,noun,kirari
+flavour,noun,"gardi, gerdi, zaki; the nut has a good f. gedda tana da gardi"
+flax,noun,string made of f. kirtani
+flay,transitive verb,"fida, fide, fige, figi"
+flea,noun,"kuma, koma, kwalkwat(i)a, kolkot(i)a"
+flee,intransitive verb,"gudu, guje, tsire, sukua, suka, sukani, ruga, rauga; a place to which to f. wurin gudu; to make to f. ruga, rauga; cf. drive away"
+flesh,noun,"nama, pl. namomi; uncooked f. nama dainye; (bush-meat) naman daji"
+flight,noun,guduwa
+flint,noun,"kestu, kastu; f. in a f. lock gun dushin bindiga; to strike fire with a f. kestu wuta"
+flock,noun,"garike, gerke, pl. garikuna or gerkuna"
+flog,transitive verb,"doke, buga, yin kurfu"
+flogging,noun,"kurafu, kurfu, karfu"
+flood,noun,"chik(k)owa, chichik(k)owa, tabki"
+floor,noun,(for threshing) masis-(s)ika
+flour,noun,"gari, sek(k)i, tsek(k)i; f. of wheat lal(l)e; f. mixed with water talia"
+flourish,intransitive verb,yalwata
+flow,intransitive verb,f. quickly tumbudu
+flower,noun,"fure, pl. furori or furaye"
+flute,noun,"algaito, algaito, sarewa; reed from which flutes are made kusumburua"
+fly,noun,"(common house f.) kuda, kud'i, kuje, pl. kud(d)ashe or kud(d)aje; small sand f. kudan gerke; horse f. gorje, gurje, bobua, berbachi, damis(s)an dawaki; piece of leather placed on horses' eyes to keep off flies maganin kuda (lit. fly medicine); fire-fly dim(m)i dawa"
+fly,intransitive verb,(of a bird) jawayi
+foal,noun,"dukushi, fem. dukusa, pl. dukusai, dan dukushi"
+foam,noun,"kunfa, kumba"
+fog,noun,hazo
+foggy,adjective,du hazo
+fold,noun,"(for sheep, etc.) garike, gerke, pl. garikuna or gerkuna, turike, tuke, ruga; cutting folds of cloth kirfawa"
+fold,transitive verb,"(cloth, etc.) nimka, linke, yafa, yafo, kunsa; f. the arms tak(k)ura"
+foliage,noun,ganyen itache
+follow,transitive verb,"bi, biawa; f. a path bi haniya"
+followers,noun,masu bi
+folly,noun,see foolishness
+fond,adjective,to be f. of marimari
+fondling,noun,act of f. lalaba
+food,noun,"chima, chimaka, abinchi, tuwo, jibi; much f. machia; calabash full of f. kabak(k)i, pl. kaboka; one possessed of f. kabeke; faintness from lack of f. kumolo"
+fool,noun,"wawa, hauka, magagachi, shashasha, badada, bada bada, maiwauta, mawauta, mahaukachi, fem. mahaukachia, pl. mahaukatu; foolish talking badagula, they talked foolishly su yi bobawa"
+"foolish, be",intransitive verb,wawa
+foolishness,noun,"wawanchi, hauka, mabuya, mawauta"
+foot,noun,"kafa, pl. kafafu or kafafe; f. regarded as a measure of length tak(k)i, pl. takoki; footprint sau; sole of f. tafin kafa, mataki, pl. matakai; footstool mataki, lekafa; on f. akafa"
+forbearance,noun,"hankuri, hankura, hakora"
+forbid,transitive verb,"dakile, han(n)a"
+force,noun,"tilas, karfi; by f. da tilas, tilas; to use f. yin tilas, tilasa, tilasda; phr. i was forced to go na taffi tilas or wajibine na taffi; see under wajib"
+forearm,noun,gab(b)a
+forefather,noun,see ancestor
+forefinger,noun,manuni
+forehead,noun,goshi
+foreign,adjective,ajami
+foreigner,noun,"ture, bature; that which pertains to a f. turanchi"
+forest,noun,"rukuki, daji, dawa; dense f. kurmin, kurmi, kumchi, kumshi"
+forethought,noun,hankali
+forge,noun,"makera; worker at f. (blacksmith) makeri, makira, muk(k)ira"
+forge,transitive verb,kira
+forget,transitive verb,"manche, yin mantua, manta"
+forgetfulness or forgetting,noun,"mantua, sakafchi"
+forgive,transitive verb,"yafe, yin gaferta, gafara, yerda, yirda; f. me gafara mani"
+forgiveness,noun,"gafara, gaferta"
+fork,noun,(iron toasting f.) rino
+forked,adjective,(f. iron stick on horse's neck) kasegi
+forlornness,noun,"kewa, kiwa"
+form,noun,"(= shape) kama, supa"
+former,adjective,nafani; the f....the latter wonchan....wonchan
+formerly,adverb,"dazu, dafari; in former times nada; as in former times kaman nada; those who lived in former times nasugabato"
+fornication,noun,shakalichi
+fornicator,noun,shakali
+forsake,transitive verb,"beri, ber"
+forthwith,adverb,"nan da nan, koyanzu"
+fortification,noun,"kayara, kagarua, pl. kagaru"
+fortunate,adjective,it was f. ya yi arziki
+fortune,noun,"(= prosperity) arziki; a man of f. mawadachi, pl. mawadata"
+forty,adjective,arba'in
+forward,adverb,"gab(b)a; to move a little f. guso, guruguso"
+foundation,noun,gato; f. of a wall tuski
+founded,particle,"kafa, fem. kafafia, pl. kafafa or kafafu"
+fountain,noun,"maromaro, marmaro"
+four,adjective,"fudu, hud'u, arba'a, arba; by fours fudu fudu"
+fourteen,adjective,"goma sha fudu, sha fudu"
+fourth,adjective,"nafudu, fem. tafudu; f. day gata"
+fowl,noun,"kaza or kasa, pl. kaji; speckled fowls wakawake; a f. plucked for cooking chikiri-kidda; a place where fowls are kept akur'uke"
+fox,noun,"karambik(k)i, yanayawa"
+fragment,noun,"guzura, pl. guzure, guntu, guntun abu; fragments of broken pots kaina"
+frankincense,noun,turare; small box for it. lulu
+fraud,noun,see deceit
+free,adjective,"one who is f. da, diya"
+free,transitive verb,"beri, bada diyauchi"
+freed,particle,"berere, fem. bereria, pl. bereru"
+freedom,noun,"yanchi, diyauchi, diyanchi, diyantaka; a certificate of f. laya, lagan dayauchi"
+frenzy,noun,"wahami, hauka"
+frequent,adjective,see often
+frequent,transitive verb,(= visit often) expressed by use of kan with verbs meaning to go to
+fresh,adjective,"sabo, fem. sabua, pl. sabi, (applied to plants, etc.) gainye, dainye or dainyi, pl. dainyoyi"
+fretful,adjective,da zafin rai
+friday,noun,aljímua
+fried,particle,"soiyayé or soiyeye, fem. soiyayya, pl. soiyayu"
+friend,noun,"aboki, fem. abokia or abuyà, pl. abokai, masoyi, fem. masoya, pl. masoya, maso, pl. masowa, tsara, kama, pl. kamanu, dan uwa, pl. yan uwa, zuma, zuma, juna, amini, wali, dengi, denga or deg(g)è, pl. dengoyi, makofchi or makubchi, fem. makopta, pl. id.; friends sahabai, sahbà; my friends yan uwana"
+friendship,noun,"abuta, zumunchi, hal(l)in aboki"
+fright,noun,"tìnzera, tunzurua, tsoro"
+frighten,transitive verb,"tsorata, bada tsoro, ruba"
+frog,noun,talibambam; small dark coloured f. warnu; an edible f. buruduwgi
+from,preposition,"dag(g)a, (when followed by the personal pronouns) dag(g)a gare; f. within dag(g)a chik(k)i; f. afar dag(g)a nesa; tun, phr. f. birth tun haifuwa"
+front,noun,"gab(b)a, pl. gab(b)obi, goshi; in f. agab(b)a; in f. of gab(b)an; to go in f. tasitse"
+frost,noun,buda
+froth,noun,kunfa; f. skimmed off in making bread kulu
+frown,intransitive verb,"damre fuska, kan-kamna, jirkita fuska, diba kamna; to f. on harara"
+fruit,noun,"(of trees) diyan itache, yayan itache; (of grains, etc.) kawara, kawaji; a species of sweet smelling f. goasa; the f. of the earth diyan kasa"
+fruitful,adjective,a f. place matachin wuri
+fruitless,adjective,e.g. f. toil aikin wofi
+fry,transitive verb,"soiya, soya"
+fuel,noun,see firewood
+fugitive,noun,"gujeje, maigudu"
+full,adjective,"chik(k)ache, fem. chik(k)a-ka, pl. chik(k)aku, achik(k)a, (f. to the brim) fau; to be f. tarre; cf. complete"
+fulness,noun,yayalwachi; cf. completion
+funeral,noun,ƙufanwa; biso; lamentations at a f. makoki
+furbish,transitive verb,(e.g. a sword) koda
+furnace,noun,"tandert, muruful"
+furrow,noun,kwori; to draw a f. kirta
+further,adjective,(= more distant) mafi da nesa
+fury,noun,see anger
+futo* فُوتُ,intransitive verb,to swim
+future,adjective,(= that is to come) maizua
+gain,noun,"riba; unlawful g. kura, riba, haramia; to make unlawful g. chin riba, chin haramia, chin kura"
+gall,noun,"madachi, sefa"
+gallop,intransitive verb,"yin sukuu, sukuu, suka, sukani; a place for horses to g. masukuani"
+gambling,noun,"a game for g. chacha, shasha, modi; to throw down money in g. wasa da kurdi"
+game,noun,"worigi, izgil'i; g. played by children karkachi; g. played by fortune-tellers in order to discover secrets dirka; a g. played with cowry shells dar(r)a, der(r)a; a gambling g. chacha; a call to join in a g. shu or shiu"
+game,noun,(food) naman daji
+gape,intransitive verb,"yin hama, hama"
+garden,noun,"danga, pl. dangogi; a dry season irrigated g. lambu, pl. lambuna"
+gardener,noun,maigona
+gargle,noun,wanken makoshi
+garlic,noun,"tafarnua, pl. tafarnai"
+garment,noun,"riga, pl. riguna; old garments sum(m)a or tsuma, pl. sum(m)oki or tsumoki, keso, reg(g)a; cf. clothes"
+garner,noun,"(= place for storing grain) rufogo, rafonia, rumbu"
+garnished,particle,"gertache, fem. gertata, pl. gertatu"
+gasp,intransitive verb,"(for breath) yin fuka, yin fuchi, shashisha; one who gasps maiyfuchi"
+gate,noun,"kofa, pl. kofofi, kof(f)i, kofar; gateway, see doorway"
+gathered,particle,"atara, ataru, atarat, tarare, fem. tarara, pl. tararu"
+gathering,noun,e.g. of people before a king kindigaye; cf. assembly
+gaze at,transitive verb,"yin kall(o), kall(o), isokachi, chokachi, dauro, doro, giwaya, jiwaya, nuri, (generally in a bad sense) zura"
+gazelle,noun,"barewa, pl. bareyi"
+generosity,noun,baiwa
+generous,adjective,maitalaf
+genii,noun,see demons
+gentleness,noun,lalafanchi
+gently,adverb,san(n)u
+genuine,adjective,g. money kurdi zaba
+get,transitive verb,"samu, same, samo, sama"
+ghost,noun,"fatalua, magiro, dodo"
+giddiness,noun,"gigita, jeri"
+giddy,adjective,"phr. i am g. kaina shina kewoge wa; to be g. gigita; to make g. dame, dama"
+gift,noun,"keauta, kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki, abin gaisua; free g. alheri; g. given to conciliate saraba; gifts coll. baiwa"
+gimlet,noun,"araraki, berima"
+gin,noun,(for animals) turko
+gin,noun,"(a spirit) barazza, barasasa; a case of g. akwati"
+gird,transitive verb,"damre, daure, darm, damra, yin damara"
+girded,particle,"damrare, pl. damraru"
+girdle,noun,"damarchik(k)i, damara, madamrin chik(k)i; g. of rope guru; g. made with copper tagula, tug(y)ula, pl. tagulai; g. of cloth taraia; woman's g. gefu; woman's g. of beads tsak(k)ia"
+girl,noun,"yarinia, pl. yamata, diya, madachia; young g. tantabara"
+girth,noun,(of a horse) bauj
+give,transitive verb,"ba, bada, bashi, bayes, baya; g. back bayeda; g. up sal(l)ame, bada, bashi, yerda bashi; g. alms gadaka; g. away a woman in marriage wali"
+giver,noun,"maibada, mabaya"
+"glad, be",intransitive verb,"yin farinchik(k)i, yin (or jin) murna"
+gladden,transitive verb,bada (or sa) murna
+gladness,noun,"farinchik(k)i, murna"
+glass,noun,"madubi; dish made of g. tamgaram; looking g. madubin ido, matsokachi, masokachi"
+glean,transitive verb,"yin kala, roro, yin saura"
+gleanings,noun,"(of a harvest) kala, saura"
+glorious,adjective,(of god) jalla c 49
+glory,noun,"daraja, darajia, annuri, girma"
+glove,noun,rigar hannu
+glow-worm,noun,"makesua, makesua"
+glue,noun,"danko, dunko"
+glutton,noun,mailoma; gluttons masurida
+gnash,transitive verb,tamna hak(k)ora
+gnashing,noun,(of teeth) tsuk(k)un hak(k)ora
+go,intransitive verb,"taf(f)i, je, zaka, zazage, zatas; be about to go za; go to visit a place zage, zagi; go round damroro, doraro, daurara; go before gabata; go back birkida; go forth tashi; go away fushema, kau; go constantly to a place shig(g)a; go as far as tuga, tuge; go with chimayi, chimama, tare; go to meet tare; go out of fit(i)a"
+goat,noun,"akwia, pl. awaki; he-goat bunusuru, pl. bunusurai or bun-suraye, tauri; a vicious g. watasati, fem. watasatia; old lean g. guzuma; a castrated g. tabri; beard of a g. rairo; skin of a g. langabbu"
+going,particle,taf(f)ia; they are g. suna tafia; a g. away maraita
+gold,noun,"zinaria, zinaria"
+good,adjective,"nagari, fem. tagari, pl"
+goodness,noun,nagerta
+goods,noun,"dakiya, pl. dukoki or dukiyoyi, kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki"
+goose,noun,dumia; wild g. gabat; water g. with white breast tagaga
+gore,noun,jini
+gore,transitive verb,"(of horned animals) tunkuda, tunkuji or tunkui"
+gorge,noun,see throat
+gorge,noun,(= a narrow defile) kozozobe
+gorgeous,adjective,(= splendid) na ado
+gorilla,noun,gogo (?)
+goro-nut,noun,"goro, pl. gwurra; spec. a large g. goria, a small medicinal g. namijin goro"
+gory,adjective,"da jini, na jini, sai jini"
+gossip,noun,(= talk) roshi
+gossip,noun,"concr. an idle talker, a gossip algringumi, pl. algringuma"
+gourd,noun,"a plant whose fruit is either eaten or formed into cups and calabashes; among the kinds eaten are cucurbita pepo kabewa and goji, a small species kubeua, karam(m)ia; among those used as vessels only are cucurbita lagenaria kworia or koria and duma"
+govern,verb,"(= rule, reign) malaka"
+governor,noun,"hakimi, pl. hakimai, maimalaka, masarautchi, wakili; sariki is sometimes used in this sense"
+gown,noun,"riga, pl. riguna"
+grace,noun,"(= favour, free gift) jinkai or shinkai, alheri; he showed g. to us ya yi mamu alheri"
+gracious,adjective,(of god) karimu f 16
+graft,noun,i.e. from one tree to another kauchi
+graft,transitive verb,kaffa
+grain,noun,"diff. spec. are: a g. like guinea-corn growing to height of eight feet gero; danuro is a small edible grain resembling gero; g. used for gruel, etc. iblu or ibru; the holcus cernuus (barth) maiva, entaya"
+grain,noun,fig. grains (as of sand) barbadidi or berbaddi
+"grain, mud receptacle for",noun,"taska, pl. taskaki"
+grand,adjective,"(= important) baba, pl. manya"
+grandchild,noun,"jika, fem. jikata, pl. jikoki"
+granddaughter,noun,see prec
+grandfather,noun,"kaka, pl. kakani"
+grandmother,noun,kakata
+grandson,noun,see grandchild
+"grasp, with the hand",transitive verb,jimke; with the arms (= to embrace) rungume
+grasping,adjective,"fig. (= covetous, greedy) da rowa, mainrowa, maitasalumchi, kawazuchi"
+grasping disposition,noun,"rowa, tsalimi or tsalumi, kawazuchi"
+grass,noun,"gen. chiawa; green g. chiawa danyi, achi"
+grass,noun,"spec. of various kinds and uses, a species of g. haki, pl. hakukua; dried or chopped g. for horses ingirichi or ingirochi; undried g. as fodder kasua or kasuwa; g. with burr-like prickles karangia, karengia or karingia; a g. eaten by horses gadeg(i); a g. for making mats zuntisia; a g. from leaves of which a medicine is made raivai or rere; plaited g. tsaiwa; a rough g. gamba, pl. gambobi; a scented g. jema; a g. used for thatch and door covers bumu, pl. bunai; bristles of a g. used as a medicine dandanbaya; hatchet for cutting g. mumtaraga"
+"grasshopper, spotted",noun,wukan sarki (lit. king's knife)
+gratuitous,adjective,banza
+grave,noun,"kushewa or kusheya, pl. kusheyi, kabari, wurin bisne, maisutura"
+gravel,noun,tsakua
+graze,transitive verb,intr. of cattle id
+grease,noun,mai
+great,adjective,"(both physically and morally) babã and bab(b)a, pl. mainya or maiya, maigirima, girima"
+great,adjective,(quantitatively and of degree) dagawa or daiawa
+great,adjective,"spec. applied to god jalla, jalala, akbar; cf. seq"
+great,adjective,of one in authority as a king or prince madaukaki
+"great, to declare",verb,(= to honour) girma
+"great, to declare",verb,spec. kabbar
+greater,adjective,"comp. mafi girma, pl. masufigirma; in the absence of superl. forms the idea is expr. by phr. ya fi duka or ya fi kowa appended to the adj"
+greatness,noun,"girma and girnama; spec. zati (lit. essence, personality) = the g. or majesty of god; cf f 45, 132, 246"
+greed,noun,"rowa, marowachi, zergi"
+greediness,noun,marowachi
+greedy,adjective,"da rowa, makodaita; he is a g. person shi ne marowachi"
+green,adjective,"(the colour) alƙus or alƙus, korino"
+green,adjective,(= fresh) of
+greet,transitive verb,"gaida, gaishe, gaìsa"
+greet,transitive verb,"(of religious salutation) yin sallati f 3, pres. (with na) salmawa"
+greet,transitive verb,to g. by shaking the hand jinjini; to wave or extend the hand in greeting mika hannu
+greeting,noun,gen. gaisua
+greeting,noun,"in a religious sense sal(l)atu or sal(l)ati, salmawa f 3, 5"
+grief,noun,"(=pain of mind, sorrow) nadama, nidama or ladama"
+grief,noun,(cause of pain or sorrow) waha(l)(a or wahal(l)(a)
+grief,noun,(=expression of grief) kuka
+grievance,noun,kururua
+"grieved, be",intransitive verb,"wahaida or wahalda, jin waha(l)(a"
+grind,transitive verb,"gen. nìk(e)(a, tushe, dakka, intensive dadaka; spec. related to last, to g. to powder dadaga, to g. roughly bera or birza, to g. rice tìngama, to g. wheat reda"
+grind,transitive verb,"(= to whet or sharpen) wasa, gerta"
+"grinding, of wheat",noun,"tesaawa, also tesawa"
+gripe,transitive verb,(of medicine) murda
+gristle,noun,gurunguntsi
+groan,intransitive verb,"guri, yin nishi"
+groaning,noun,nishi
+groom,noun,"shamak(k)i, pl. shamak(k)ai"
+groom,noun,"(= bridegroom) ango, pl. anguna"
+grope,verb,"lalabe; (= to search one's way with the hands in the dark) burkuti, dundumi"
+ground,noun,"(=surface of the earth) kas(a), pl. kas(a)ashe or kas(e)aas; on the g. akas(a or akass"
+ground,noun,(=cause) sab(b)abi or sub(b)abi; without g. (or grounds) babu sab(b)abi
+ground,noun,(=first principle or foundation) guzu or gusut
+ground-nut,noun,"arachis hypogaea aya, ged(d)a; a smaller species guchia, gujia or gojia, pl. gujeye; oil from g. main ged(d)a; pod of g. kobsa, kopea or kobeo"
+grow,intransitive verb,"of plants chira, chire, chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro, also tsoro"
+grow,intransitive verb,"(=increase in size) girima, yin girima"
+grow,intransitive verb,to g. (=to become) zama; to g. old tsufa
+growth,noun,(of a plant) ded(d)ua
+gruel,noun,made of guinea-corn kunu; thin g. sal(l)ala
+grumble,verb,"gunaguni, guri, bimbini, binbini"
+grumbling,noun,"bimbini, binbini or bibini; to refrain from g. rika binbini"
+guard,transitive verb,"tsara, tsari, tsare; g. against tsaro, tsarima"
+guard,noun,"(= heed, care) tsari"
+guard,noun,"(= soldier of king's body-guard) dakara, pl. dakaru, dogari"
+guest,noun,"bako, f. bakua, pl. bakuna, baki or bakokuna"
+guide,noun,"jagaba, shugaba, pl. shugabai"
+guide,transitive verb,"(= lead, conduct) kai"
+guile,noun,"munafuchi or manafuchi; (= cunning) wayo, with g. da wayo"
+guilet,noun,janai
+guilt,noun,"laifi, zanbata"
+guiltless,adjective,babu laifi
+"guilty, to declare",verb,"kada, bada laifi; to be declared g. kayes"
+guinea-corn,noun,"dawa (= sorghum vulgare), gero. there are four chief kinds of dawa: kaura, a red species, used for feeding horses, farafara used when ground for making gruel, mura-mura eaten whole when cooked, giwakamba used as a medicine for rubbing on the eyes; g. ground up kafa; a drink made from g. giya; g. fever, occurring when the g. ripens chivo na sabo dawa"
+guinea-fowl,noun,"sabua or zabua, pl. sabi or zabi, kazan yariba"
+guinea-worm,noun,kurkono or kurukunu; a small plant used as a medicine for g. damankad(a)a; a swelling caused by g. hangara
+guitar,noun,gurumin kidda (?)
+gum,noun,"danko or dumko, jirai, sagogi; spec. a g. put in ink karo; a g. used in perfumes karon maje"
+gums,noun,(= seat of the teeth) daasahi
+gun,noun,"bindiga, pl. bindigogi; spec. a double-barrelled g. bindiga da baki biyu; report of a g. ammo; to load a g. dora or chik(i)ka bindiga; to discharge a g. halbi (or halbe or buga) bindiga"
+gunpowder,noun,albarus or albarud
+gush out,intransitive verb,"zub(b)a, zub(b)o, suba; to g. out abundantly gushe gushe"
+gusset,noun,"tsuma, pl. tsumoki; cloth g. in a tobe shiga"
+gypsum,noun,alzibbusa
+habit,noun,"tada, pl. tadodi, ada, hal(l)i, sabo; the last especially of aptitude acquired by practice, phr. nothing can be done except by practice aikin dunia duka sai sabo; cf. habituated"
+habitation,noun,mazaunne
+"habituated, to be",intransitive verb,saba constr. with da
+haggle,intransitive verb,yin chiniki; cf. bargain
+hail,noun,"kamkar(r)a, rua da kamkar(r)a, buda"
+hair,noun,"coll. gashi; a single h. gashi f 144; spec. head of h. when cut off suma; h. on the cheeks saje or saji; h. of tail of horse, elephant, etc. tsegi; abundance of h. giz(g)o; absence of h. on head kundumin kai; long ridge of h. left in shaving shasanda; tuft of h. zanko; h. of woman plaited bijaji; h. worn by women in curls down their cheeks kis(s)o; twisted locks of woman's h. at side of face dauri"
+hairdresser,noun,"maikis(o), fem. maikisk(o)ia, manzami"
+hairy,adjective,da gashi
+half,noun,"shashi, sashi, rab(b)i, rib(b)i; h. a piece of cloth, paper, etc. ausigi"
+hall,noun,"entrance h. zaure, pl. zauruka"
+halo,noun,i.e. round sun or moon sansan(n)i
+halt,adjective,"guragu or gurg(u), pl. guragu"
+halt,intransitive verb,(= to limp) yin gurugunta
+halt,intransitive verb,"(= to stop marching, to stand still) tsayi, tsaya, tsai"
+halt,intransitive verb,spec. to h. for the night shid(d)a or shid(d)e
+halt,intransitive verb,fig. to h. between two opinions yin baki biu
+halter,noun,"(= leading-rope for horses, etc.) assalawi, ragama"
+halting,noun,"(= limping) gurugunta, gurugunta, gurmunta, gurmunchi"
+"halting-place, for the night",noun,"zungo, mashid(d)i, last in the sense of lodging or khan; spec. temporary h. for carriers loko"
+halve,transitive verb,bare; in less strict sense (= to divide) raba
+hammer,noun,"kwarikwas(s)a; a blacksmith's h. mas(s)abai, pl. mas(s)abai; a large h. amadeshi; a small h. matalaka or mumtalaka"
+hand,transitive verb,"mika, and in a looser sense ba or bada"
+hand,noun,"hannu, pl. hanu; the right h. dama or hannu na hagu or hannu na hauni; the palm of the h. bayan hannu, the same spread out flat tafin hannu"
+hand,noun,"of place or direction, right h. dama, wajen dama; left h. hagum, hagu, hauni or wajen hagum, etc.; of time, at h. kus(s)a, da kus(s)a; cf. hands"
+"handed, left-",adjective,bahago
+handful,noun,"(of mud, flour, etc.) dunkule, churi; to take a h. jimke"
+handkerchief,noun,"maharma; spec. a h. on woman's head kal(l)abî; h. to bind round woman's head alfuta, pl. alfutai; h. tied up so as to form a bag adiko; h. used to wrap up money maiyamî"
+handle,noun,"marij(k)i, pl. marij-(k)ai, madaulki, marataji; h. of axe bakin gatari; h. of knife, pen, axe, etc. bota; h. of box makama, kota, soben (or sobin) kaya"
+handle,transitive verb,tab(i)ba
+"hands, a man with his h. tied to his neck",noun,kukumi
+"hands, to clap the",verb,"ban hannu, tafa or tafi"
+handsome,adjective,"da keau, maikeau; a building h. to look at gid(a)da da keaun gan(n)i"
+hang,transitive verb,"rataya or rataia, yin rataya; to h. up rataya, yin rataya, dome"
+hanging,noun,"(= curtain, etc.) reto"
+happen,intransitive verb,faru
+happen to,intransitive verb,"same, sama, samo"
+happiness,noun,"(= satisfaction) dadi, dadin zuchia, murua"
+happiness,noun,(in a religious sense) sa-ada
+"happy, feel",intransitive verb,jin dadi
+harass,transitive verb,sananche
+hard,adjective,"phys. da tauri, cf. seq.; also morally hard, obstinate"
+hard,adjective,"(= difficult of accomplishment, etc.) da wuya"
+hard-headed,noun,(= an obstinate person) maikini
+harden,intransitive verb,(to become hard) yin tauri
+hardened,particle,one whose heart is h. matauria zuchia
+hardness,noun,"tauri, also in a moral sense"
+hare,noun,"zomse or zomo, pl. somai"
+harlot,noun,"bombegi, shakalai, pl. shakalai, cf. fornicator; child of harlot danfarka"
+harlotry,noun,shakalichi
+harm,noun,banne; laifi
+harm,transitive verb,"bata, bache, jima"
+harp,noun,garaiya
+harpoon,noun,"for river fishing zago, hag(g)a"
+hart,noun,see deer
+harvest,noun,(i.e. the season) kak-(k)a
+"harvest, to cut down the",verb,girbi or giribi; cf. reap
+haste,noun,"sauri or saunri, aniya, garaje or garaji d 36"
+hasten,intransitive verb,"yin aniya, hamzari or: hamzari, gangawa, gangata, kaifafa; to h. after saazari"
+hastening,noun,garaje or garaji
+hastily,adverb,"da sauri, da sauki"
+"hat, straw",noun,"garumfa, garunfa or gurumfa; large straw h"
+hatch,transitive verb,kenke(s)he or kenkes(a)a
+hatchet,noun,"gatari, pl. gatara, gatura and gaturwa; small h. dan gatari; handle of a h. bakin gatari; spec. small h. for cutting grass for fodder mumtaraga, kurada, pl. kuradai; h. with broad blade barandem(m)i, sitaka"
+hate,noun,"kiyeeya, takaichi"
+hate,transitive verb,"ki, kia, ƙiýe; pass. i am hated ankinî"
+hateful,noun,"mugu, fem. mugunia, pl. mugu"
+hater,noun,"ag. makiyi, pl. makiya"
+haughtiness,noun,"fadin rai, fadin zucia, girmankai, giriman rai, jinkai"
+haughty,adjective,da giriman rai; a h. person majinkai
+haul,transitive verb,ja
+haunch,noun,(of a cow) kankashi
+hawk,noun,"shirua or shirwa, pl. shiruwoji; spec. a small white h. shahu or shafo"
+hay,noun,ingirichi or ingirochi
+haze,noun,hazo
+hazel nut,noun,chanzo
+hazy,adjective,da hazo
+head,noun,"of animated beings kai, pl. kanwa, kawana, ƙawana and kawuna"
+head,noun,(= chief point or substance of a statement) kai
+head,noun,(= chief person) see chief. spec. back part of h. keya; top of h. kandaman kai
+head-dress,noun,"rawani, pl. rawuna"
+headache,noun,"chiwon kai, jer"
+headlong,adjective,"and adv. da gangara; to fall h. yin saladak(k)a, he fell h. ya yi saladak(k)a or ya fadi da gangara"
+heal,transitive verb,"worike, worke or warke; pass. to be healed worike, worke, warke and the pass. form"
+healed,participle,"(= h. in body or restored in mind) worikeke, fem. worikekia, pl. worikeku"
+health,noun,"(i.e. good h.) lafiya; in h. lafiya and da lafiya, frequent in salutations"
+heap,noun,"taro or taru, pl. tarori, tili or tulli"
+heap up,transitive verb,"had(d)a, dora; spec. to h. up earth round plants fir(r)i, maimai, q.v"
+hear,transitive verb,ji
+heart,noun,"(the bodily organ) zuchia, pl. zukata and zutochi, gab(b)a, pl. gab(b)obi"
+heart,noun,(= the feelings) zuchia
+heartless,adjective,"magaya or magauciki, pl. magata"
+heat,noun,"zafi, zafi and zufa; spec. h. of the sun gum(m)e'i"
+heathen,noun,"asna or arna, kafiri, pl. kafarai and kafaruwa, majusi, pl. majusawa, bamarguje"
+heathenism,noun,"kafirchi, kal(l)in kafirai"
+heave,transitive verb,tada; intr. tasli; to h. a sigh yin sheda
+heaven,noun,"sama, pl. samania or samoni, gid(d)an alwama; h. and hell (the after-world) lahira; the mohammedan paradise aljienna"
+heaviness,noun,(= great weight) nauyi
+heavy,adjective,"da nauyi, mainauyi"
+hedge,noun,"(= fence) damri, danga, damfam(m)i, shinge, shinge, pl. shingaye"
+hedge-hog,noun,bushia or baushia
+"hedges, a plant used in making",noun,fidasari
+heed,verb,"(= to take notice of anything) kul(l)a, tuna, tunane, all constr. with da"
+heed,verb,(= to
+heel,noun,"duduge or did(d)iyâ, pl. dudugai, duga duga, karsha"
+"hegira, the",noun,hijra
+height,noun,"hawa, tsawa, tsawo"
+heir,noun,"magashi, fem. magashia, pl. magata or magada, magado or magaji; h. to the throne chiroma; h. to the throne at kano wombaï"
+held,participle,"riƙake, fem. riƙakia, pl. riƙaku"
+hell,noun,jahannama; h. and heaven (= the future world) lahira
+hell-fire,noun,"jahîma, wuta"
+helmet,noun,"bushia or bishiga, kwol-kwoli"
+help,noun,"taimako, taimakawa, tainyona, sauki, gudunamawa, the last especially of h. in war; to ask for h. ƙulaf(t)a; to obtain h. samu sauki; to send h. koro sauki"
+help,transitive verb,"taya, tainya, tainye, tainyo, yin taya, yin taimako, tarsa, tarshe or tarshi"
+helper,noun,"ag. maitainmako, mataye, maiagazawa"
+helpless,noun,(= one who is h.) machiachi
+hem,noun,lafi or lafe; to make a h. kalmas(s)a or kalma(s)-she
+hen,noun,"kaza or kasa, pl. kaji"
+hen-coop,noun,àƙurƙuren kaza
+hence,adverb,"dag(g)anan, dag(g)a wuri nan"
+herb,noun,"(= green blade) ganye, pl. ganye and ganyaye"
+herb,noun,"spec. of various kinds and uses are: h. from which a cure for diarrhoea is made shani ka sanmi, an edible h. turgunawa or turgunuwa, a sort of edible water lettuce kainua, a prickly h. daii or dayi, h. root of which is put in milk to keep it loda, small red flowered h. used in sauce like coriander yandon ruri, sweet . herbs na'ama, thorny h. eaten by camels, tsaido, h. with tooth-shaped leaves used as a medicine zabo"
+herd,noun,"garike or gerke, pl. garikuna or gerkuna"
+herdsman,noun,"makiyayi, pl. makiyayya"
+here,adverb,"nan, dag(g)a nan, awuri nan, the latter also = from h., from this point"
+heretofore,adverb,(= until now) har yanzu; h. i have not heard this dadai ban ji wonan ba; as h. kam(m)an nada; cf. ever
+hesitate,intransitive verb,"yin zuchia biu, sawarro"
+hesitation,noun,zuchia biu
+hiccough,noun,shakua
+"hid, to be",verb,"boye, boiye or boiyi"
+hidden,participle,"boyegya, rufafe, fem. rufafa, pl. rufafu"
+hide,noun,"kilágo, pl. kilágai, kirigi, the latter used of h. after tanning, the untanned h. is called fata"
+hiding,noun,boyiwa
+hiding-place,noun,"maboya or maboiya, fako; a place for hiding or laying up anything maaje"
+hieron small bird like,noun,"badbilla, belbela or bilbila"
+higgle,verb,tal(l)a
+high,adjective,"dogo, fem. dogua, pl. dogaye, da tsawo"
+hill,noun,"tudu, pl. tudodi, kudunia; spec. a h. larger than tudu is called tsauni, a h. covered with sand jigowa or jegawa, a range of hills kudunia"
+himself,pronoun,"both emphatic as shi dakansa, and also reflexive"
+hinder,adjective,"nabaya, fem. tabaya"
+hinder,transitive verb,"han(n)a, tankwasa or tankwasa(a)"
+hip bone,noun,katara
+hippopotamus,noun,"dorina, pl. dorinai"
+hire,noun,(= wages) lada
+hire,transitive verb,yin sufuri or sufurchi
+hiss,intransitive verb,yin fuchi
+hissing,noun,shishit(i)a; of snakes fuchi
+hit,transitive verb,see strike
+hither,adverb,nan; ga wuri nan
+"hobble horses, a rope used to",noun,"dabeheyi, tarraki"
+hobgoblin,noun,fatalua
+hoe,noun,"fatainya or fatanya, hannya, pl. hawyi, hanyuna and hanyoyi, mashemi; spec. a large h. bent like small plough galma or garma"
+hoe,transitive verb,"(= dig or stir the ground) noma, nomi or nome, shira, huda; (= to cut down grass with a h.) shema"
+holcus cernuus,noun,maiwa
+hold,transitive verb,"rik(k)e, rik(k)a or rik(k)i; riske, riski or ruska, aje"
+holding-fast,noun,rik(k)awa
+hole,noun,"rami, pl. ramuna, kwarmi, pl. kwarumu, baria, masai = salga, q.v. spec. h. for game to fall into hako, pl. hakoki; h. where dirty water is thrown katami; h. to look out at taga; h. for storing corn tsunija; h. made in nose of ox for rope azirka; h. cut for neck in a shirt wunda"
+holiness,noun,char(i)ki or tsar-(i)ki
+hollow,noun,"kogo, get(o)"
+hollow-backed,adjective,ganseruwa or gancheruwa
+holy,adjective,tsariki or tsarki; spec. a holy man sherif
+"holy, to make",transitive verb,charkaka or tsarkaka
+home,noun,gid(a)a; at h. chik(k)in gid(a)a
+honest,adjective,"gaskia, da gaskia, gaske; an h. man mutumem gaskia"
+honey,noun,"zuma, zuma, ruan zumua; h. poured from the comb sakan"
+honey-guide bird,noun,gunda
+honour,noun,"fahari or fahri, yab-(b)a, daraja or darajia or derejia"
+honour,transitive verb,"yin yab(b)o, gir-mama, bada girma (or girima), ba (or bada) daraja or darajia or derejia"
+hoof,noun,"kofato or kafato, pl. kofatai"
+hook,noun,"kugiya or koja or kogua, pl. kugiyoyi; large wooden h. kwonderiya; hooks on a fishing-line, coll. murimuri"
+"hop, on one foot",intransitive verb,lenge or lunge
+hope,intransitive verb,"tamaha, yin tamaha; so"
+horn,noun,"kafo, pl. kafoni and kafuna, also = a (horn) trumpet"
+hornet,noun,zanzaro
+horse,noun,"doki, fem. godia, pl. dawaki; spec. young h. saf(f)ia, fem. saf(f)ia, dukushi, fem. dukusa, pl. dukusai; old lean h. guzuma; war horses coll. ingaramu; a h. that walks with its ankles on ground maitakin biri; h. led behind another, not ridden zagi; a bay h. furde, sari, sheyi; a black h. akawali, chicherro; a brown h. aharus, fem. aharasa; white-faced h. bola; h. with"
+horse-fly,noun,"berbachi, also called damis(a)an dawaki being spotted like a leopard; a large buzzing h. gorje or gurje"
+horse-soldier,noun,guriguri
+horseback; on,adverb,"phr. bis(a) (or bis(a)an) doka; a man on h. maidoki, pl. masudoki; to mount on h. hawa bis(a) doka; to take exercise on h. kil(i)isa"
+horseman,noun,"maidoki, pl. masudoki"
+host,noun,(= entertainer) maimashidi; (= a great multitude) bab(b)an taro
+hot,adjective,"zafi, zafi, da zafi, demi or dumi, da demi; h. water ruan zafi; it is h. (of the weather) rana da dumi; the h. season rani"
+hound,noun,see dog
+house,noun,"gid(a)a, pl. gid(a)aje, gid(a)ashe or gidadaji, shigifa or shegif(a), pl. shigifu and shigifofi; h. of one room daki, pl. dakuna; top of h. or upper storey of h. kanadki; desolate ruined h. kango, pl. kangogi; all the people belonging to one h. kabila; master of h. maigida(a), balle"
+household,noun,"gid(a)a, pl. gid(d)aje, gid(d)ashe or gidadaji; father of the h. ubangiji, fem. uwagid(d)a or uworigid(d)a"
+householder,noun,maigida(a)
+how,adverb,rel. kaka
+howl,intransitive verb,"yin kuka, yin har-gowa"
+hue,noun,(of colour) launi
+hum,noun,ammo; h. of conversation dum(m)i
+hum,intransitive verb,yin ammo
+humanity,noun,(= the nature of man) mutumchi
+humble,adjective,da karamin rai
+humble,transitive verb,maida karami
+humiliation,noun,"zilla, f 105"
+humility,noun,tankwasa(s)a
+hump,noun,doro; spec. h. on bull tozo
+hump-back,noun,kazaza
+hump-backed,adjective,"maidoro, mai-gancheruwa"
+hunger,noun,yunwa often pronounced yungwa
+"hunger, to suffer",noun,"matsu, yin yunwa"
+hungry,adjective,"da yunwa; i am h. ina da yunwa; a h. person mayenwachi, pl. mayenwata"
+hunt,verb,yin farauta
+hunting,noun,farauta
+"hurry, to be in a",verb,gangawa; cf. hasten
+hurt,transitive verb,"jima, tamna; cf. harm"
+husband,noun,"miji, or namiji, pl. maza and mazaje, gorzo; h. and wife namiji da mace"
+husk,noun,(of grain) surfe
+"husks, to clean of",transitive verb,surfe or surifa
+hut,noun,"shegfa, rumpa, pl. rumfuna; h. for storing grain in shirai; light, thatched h. rudu"
+hyena,noun,"kura, pl. kuraye, amina, baru"
+hypocrisy,noun,munafuchi or ma-nafuchi
+hypocrite,noun,"munafiki, pl. muna-fikai; to play the h. yin munafuchi"
+idiot,noun,from birth shashasha
+idiot,noun,"fig. cf. fool, foolish"
+idle,adjective,"(= doing nothing) laane, fem. laana, pl. laanu; lalafa; an idle person rago, fem. ragua, pl. ragaye, one who is i. mailalachi or malalachi, pl. masulalachi, maikasala, bakili"
+idle,adjective,"(= in vain, unprofitable) banza, babu amfani; to be i. huji"
+idleness,noun,"ragaita, pl. ragaitu, ragonchi, lalachi, lalafanchi, sausauchi or soochi, the last also of unwillingness to work"
+idler,noun,see idle
+idol,noun,"tsafi or zafi, pl. tsafuna and tsafafuka, gumki or gamki, pl. gumakai"
+idolater,noun,"matasafi, pl. masutsafa"
+idolatry,noun,"shirku, kafirichi"
+if,conjunction,"idan, izan"
+ignoble,adjective,"banza, na banza"
+ignorance,noun,(i.e. religious ignorance) jahalichi; in ignorance da jahalichi
+ignorant,adjective,"(relig.) jahili. to be i. in a general sense must be expressed by means of the verbs san(n)i, ji or (in the case of an art or science) saba with negatives"
+iguana,noun,"tsare, guza"
+ill,noun,"(= misfortune, loss) berna, hasara, asara, tasari, to suffer ill yin tasari"
+ill,adjective,"(= bad) mugu, fem. mugunia, pl. miagu, banza"
+ill,adjective,"(= sick) da chiwo, mariri; to be i. yin chiwo, jin chiwo; he is i. shina da chiwo; to become i. chiuta"
+ill-treat,transitive verb,kankamna; cf. injure
+"illegitimate, child",noun,"sheg(g)e or shege, dan farika"
+illiberal,adjective,(= stingy) da taurin zuchia; he is i. hanunsa ya bushe or hanunsa busashe ne lit. his hand is dry
+illiberality,noun,"taurin zuchia, kalma(s)hen zuchia"
+illicit,adjective,"haram, ba (or babu) halal"
+illness,noun,"ciwo, ciwata, azaba"
+illuminate,transitive verb,gen. haskata
+illuminate,transitive verb,to i. a manuscript zayen(n)a
+image,noun,"(= likeness, picture) kana, pl. kamanu"
+image,noun,"(= a graven image or idol) gumki or gamki, pl. gumakai"
+imagine,verb,"yin tamaha, zet(t)o, tset(t)o, tsachi, zache; cf. suppose"
+imbibe,transitive verb,(= to drink in or absorb) sha
+imitate,transitive verb,another's pronunciation or actions koikoi
+immediately,adverb,"koyanzu, nan da nan"
+immerse,transitive verb,"tsoma, nuche"
+impatient,adjective,marashankuri
+impede,transitive verb,han(n)a
+impediment,noun,(= hindrance) abin han(n)a
+impediment,noun,impediment in speech ininan halshi
+impertinent,adjective,tsiwa or tsewa
+important,adjective,"baba, pl. mainya or maiya; i. person, n. dotijo, datijo or dotizo; cf. also consideration"
+"importunate, to be",verb,yin tsalumchi
+improper,adjective,ba daidai
+improve,transitive verb,gyara
+"improve, in health",intransitive verb,"woriwori, yin rongomi; cf. health"
+impudent,adjective,see impertinent
+in,preposition,"chik(k)i or dag(g)a chik(k)i n, a, gun"
+in order that,conjunction,"phr. abis(a), domin, don"
+inability,noun,gajewa
+incense,noun,"kanshi, turare"
+incensed,participle,(= angered)
+incline,transitive verb,to i. the head tsuguna or tsuguni; to i. the ear karkat(t)a kunnu
+"incline, steep",noun,"gangare or gangara, pl. gangaru"
+increase,noun,"dad(d)ua, karama, auki, abki"
+increase,transitive verb,"intr. dad(d)a, yin dad(d)ua, yado, yadu, karu q.v"
+incredible,adjective,dunia
+incurable,adjective,e.g. an incurable disease chiwon wofi
+indebted to,intransitive verb,e.g. i am indebted to you ina da bashinka
+indecency,noun,kazamta
+indecent,adjective,"kazámi, pl. kazámai, maraskumia, babu kumia"
+indecorous,adjective,ba daidai
+india-rubber,noun,"danko or dunko, gumji"
+indicate,verb,"nuna, nuni, gaya"
+indifference,noun,(= carelessness) lalachi
+indigence,noun,talauchi
+indigent,adjective,"talaka, pl. talakawa; an i. person maitalaka"
+indigo,noun,"baba, shuni or juni; spec. the second annual crop of i. kwosuwu; an indigo dyepit marin(n)a, pl. marin(n)ai"
+"indistinct, to become",intransitive verb,dushi
+indistinctness,noun,dushiwa
+industrious labourer,noun,maaikachi
+infant,noun,"(up to one year old) jinjiri, jariri or shariri"
+infidel,noun,"kafiri, pl. kafirai and kafarawa"
+infidelity,noun,(in a religious sense) kafirchi
+infirm,adjective,kumama
+infirmity,noun,kumamanchi
+inflict,transitive verb,"to i. blows buga, bubuga; cf. beat; to i. punishment yin wohol(l)a, palashe"
+influence,noun,"(= authority, power) hakumi"
+inform,verb,"(= to bring intelligence, to apprise) laberta, ba labari; to i. against sara, sara or zara; cf. accuse"
+information,noun,"(= news, account) labári"
+informer,noun,"maisara, pl. masu-sara"
+ingrate,noun,"maibutulchi, pl. masu-butulchi"
+ingratitude,noun,"butulchi or butulshi.\ninhabitant, n. maizamna, pl. masuzaamna, mazamni"
+inherit,verb,"gada or gado, gági or gáje"
+inheritance,noun,gado
+iniquity,noun,"mugunta, kita or kita; cf. evil"
+injure,transitive verb,"(= to damage) bata, bache"
+injure,transitive verb,(= to wrong) jima
+injustice,noun,tsulūma
+ink,noun,adawa or tadawa
+ink-blot,noun,"dole, dungule"
+inn,noun,(i.e. a khan or halting place for the night) mashid(d)i
+innkeeper,noun,maimashid(d)i
+innocent,adjective,babu laifi; an i. person marasalaifi
+innumerable,adjective,expr. by phr. fi. kedaya
+inquire,verb,"tambaia or tambaya (tabi d 45); yin tambaia, yin binchik(k)i"
+inquiry,noun,"tambaia or tambaya, binchik(k)i"
+insane,adjective,see mad
+insect,noun,"tsutsā; spec. minute, white, biting i. kolkot(i)a, kwalkwalt(i)a or kwarkwat(i)a; small biting i. kurdā; i. found in kola-nuts sankara; a black, winged i. kururugunyuma, pl. kururugunyumai"
+inside,noun,chik(k)i; on the i. of the house chik(k)i in gid(d)a; cf. in
+insight,noun,(= clear perception) lura
+insipid,adjective,"lami, da lami, babu zaki"
+insolent,adjective,"tsiwa, tsewa, da tsiwa"
+instantly,adverb,"nan da nan, koyanzu"
+instead of,preposition,"gurubin, wurin, bigel(y)"
+instruct,verb,(= teach) koyia or koya
+instruct,verb,(of religious instruction especially that combining reproof and threatening) foro
+instruction,noun,"foro, wa'atsi or wa'atsu, alama or halama pl. alamomi; as these words refer to religious teaching, i. in a general sense must be expr. by verbs etc"
+instrument,noun,"(= implement) kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki, makami"
+instrument,noun,"(musical) kiddi or kidda, any kind of wind i. bushe bushe; spec. a kind of stringed i. machirkia; wind i. played by court musician pampame; wind i., flute sarewa; wind i. resembling bagpipes algaita or algaita, player on a musical i. nakid(d)i"
+integrity,noun,(= honesty) gaskia
+intelligence,noun,"(= mental power), cf. ability"
+intelligence,noun,(= news) labāri
+intelligent,adjective,"gon(n)i; cf. able, ability"
+intend,verb,kul(l)a
+intention,noun,(= purpose) kul(l)i
+intentionally,adverb,da gangan
+interfere,verb,"kormotto; to i. with tr. v. tare or tarie, han(n)a"
+interference,noun,shesheg(g)i; i. with what does not concern one karanbani
+interior,noun,(= the inside of anything) chik(k)i
+interpret,verb,"(= to translate) juya da magana or juya magana, yin fasara (fasala or fasali); he interprets ya rabbi fasalinsa"
+interpret,verb,"(= to explain) yin fasara, waye"
+interpretation,noun,"(= both translation and explanation) fasara fasala or fasali, wayeewa"
+interpreter,noun,magayi
+interruption,noun,fashi
+intestine,noun,spec. the large i. tumburkuma; the intestines coll. hanji
+into,preposition,chik(k)i'n or dag(g)a chik(k)i'n
+intoxicant,noun,"barazza or barassa, this word is also applied specially to gin"
+intoxicating drink,noun,"bummi; spec. an i. drink made from the palm tree (tukuruwa) bummi, bam; an i. drink made from guinea corn gia or giya; an i. drink made with honey, salt and water buza; an i. drink made from a shrub of the same name zakami or zakami; place of i. drinks mashaya"
+intoxication,noun,shangia
+"introduction, a letter of",noun,bishara
+invocation,noun,"i.e. to god, zikri or zikri, safirchi, we make i. muna zikri"
+iron,noun,"karifi, pl. karafa or karifuna; spec. i. wrought into cups, bright i. zub(b)i; to burn with hot i. lalas"
+iron,adjective,"na karifi, fem. ta karifi, with plurals na karifi"
+iron ore,noun,"tam(m)a, matamachi; i. dross kazin tam(m)a"
+"irons, leg-",noun,"giger, malawa, f 186"
+"irrigated, garden",noun,lambu
+irritable,adjective,da zafin rai
+irritate,transitive verb,e.g. he i. me ya yi mani fushi
+irritated,participle,adj. husanche
+isgilti* عِسْقِلْتِ,transitive verb,to mock
+island,noun,"gungu, pl. gunguna, chibir"
+isolate,transitive verb,yin kad(d)aia
+itch,noun,"kaikai, kasua or kazua, kurji q.v.; one who has the i. maikurji"
+itching,noun,spec. i. disease at roots of toes and fingers gushagashi; i. sore kushekusheya; a prickly plant that causes i. karara
+ivory,noun,hak(k)orin giwa or haurin giwa; a piece of i. haurin giwa
+jacinth,noun,"yakutu, f 227"
+jackal,noun,"dila, pl. diloli; kalkeche; karambik(k)i (?)"
+"jaded, to be",verb,gaje and gaji
+jail,noun,kurkuku
+jam,transitive verb,"(= to press) mache, machi or matse"
+"jar, small",noun,"simbali, shimbali or sinbali, tulu"
+jaw,noun,kum(m)atu; fig. jaws baki
+jaw-bone,noun,"mukamike, pl. mukamikai"
+jealousy,noun,"kishi or kishia, pl. kishiyoyi, hasada or has(a)ada"
+jeer at,verb,baa or yin baa; ba daria
+jelly-fish,noun,kawora (?)
+jerboa,noun,"(dipus) kurege, pl. kuragai; spec. a species of tailless rat prob. allied to the former reme"
+jester,noun,"(= buffoon) babambade, bade; (= foolish trifler) wawa"
+jet-black,adjective,bak(k)i ker(r)in
+jewel,noun,"yakutu, duchi"
+jismache* جِسْمَچِ,transitive verb,to bear with anyone
+join,transitive verb,intr. (= to fall in with anyone by overtaking or meeting him) gamu or gamo constr. with prep. da; tarda and tarasda
+joiner,noun,"(carpenter) masasaki, pl. maasakaka"
+joint,noun,"ido, pl. idanu and idandanu; ankle j. idon sau, idon kaffa; wrist j. idon hannu (also = knuckle); godawa; j. of scissors kwarmi, pl. kwarmu; to be out of j. gochi and goche"
+jostle,transitive verb,"tunkada, ture"
+journey,noun,"taf(f)ia, pl. tafiya; provisions for a j. guzuri; to make provision for a j. yin guzuri"
+journeying,noun,taf(f)iawa
+joy,noun,"(the inward feeling) farin chik(k)i; (coupled with the outward expression) murna; to experience j., to rejoice faraa, yin or jin murna; there shall be j. anamurna; to feel j. yin faraa; there shall be j. anafaraa, f232; ƙalƙali, b163; a cause for j. abin murna; a cry of j. guda or gudi; an exclamation of j. used by women dancing gada; a chant or shout of j. rerereu; to cause j. bada murna"
+judge,noun,"alkali, pl. alkalai"
+judge,verb,"gen. (= to look into, discern) bibia; in a weaker sense (= i imagine, think) tamaha or yin tamaha"
+judge,verb,"(of a judge) yin sheria, ƙãda"
+judgment,noun,gen. bibia
+judgment,noun,"(of law and justice) sheria, hakumchi or hukunchi, alhaki, hisabi, amri; the j. day ranan or ran gobe (lit. the day of tomorrow), gobe; j. seat karaga"
+jug,noun,"tulu, randa; cf. jar"
+jump,intransitive verb,"tuna; dir(r)a, dir(r)o, dera, dero or dir(r)i; tsal(l)i or tsul(l)i, tsal(l)ache or sal(l)achi; to j. backwards and forwards wur(r)a; to j. down gangara or gangarj; also the various forms of dir(r)a"
+just,adjective,"da gaskia, daidai; of things (= lawful) halal; a j. man mutum gaske (gaskia or na gaskia)"
+just,adverb,as in expression j. (now) ko (yanzu)
+justice,noun,(= administration of the law) sheria
+justice,noun,(= moral right) gaskia
+justify,transitive verb,"(= prove to be in the right, to vindicate as true) gaskanta"
+justify,transitive verb,"(of a judge etc. to declare in the right, to ascribe right to) bada gaskia, pass. he was justified amba-dashi gaskia"
+keen,adjective,(= sharp-edged) da kaifi
+keen,adjective,(= of acute intelligence) mailura
+keep,noun,"(= retain, hold) rik(k)e, rik(k)a or rik(k)i; (= to tend, as sheep, cattle) kiwo; to k. back (= detain) zamu, cf. b113; to k. carefully kiyaye; to k. one off taushe or tausa; to k. a promise chik(k)a magana, kama magana, kul(l)a bis(a) magana"
+kerchief,noun,maharma; (woman’s) kall(l)abi
+kernel,noun,kwara
+kettle,noun,"shintali, sintali or shantali, pl. shintalai; an earthen k. karijit or karipit"
+key,noun,"makubli, pl. makublai, dan makubli; makul(l)i"
+kick,transitive verb,shure or jure
+kid,noun,"dan akuia, pl. yan (or yayam) akuia"
+kidney,noun,"gidibi or kidibi, pl. gidiba or kidiba; koda or kwoda"
+kifila كِفِيلَ,noun,a tortoise
+kill,noun,"ka(s)he, ka(s)shi or kis(s)a with a shortened form kass"
+killing,adjective,(= murderous) kasau
+kind,noun,"iri, pl. irare, launi d 78; a certain k. (species) of fish wani irin kif"
+kind,adjective,"keau, da keau, nagari"
+kindness,noun,"(= goodness of heart) nagerta; (= favour, benevolence) alheri, chik(k)i daia, gafara and gaferta, nina, naima; an act of k. keauta, aikin gafara; to do an act of k. yin alheri, yin keau"
+kindred,noun,"kabila, denji, denga or deg(g)i (as a coll. n.) and its pl. dengoyi"
+king,noun,"sariki or sarki, pl. sarakuna or sarikai, sultan; a king's son turaki, yerima, q.v.; young son of a k. qimiba, pl. gimbayi"
+kingdom,noun,sarauta or sarota; to gain possession of a k. chin sarauta; cf. accede 3
+kiss,noun,sumba
+kiss,transitive verb,toasa and tsotsa; k. hands to sumba
+kitchen,noun,"madaffa, pl. madaffai, wurin daffia"
+kite,noun,(the bird) shafo or shahu
+knead together,transitive verb,garinwoya
+knee,noun,"guiwa (or guiwa), pl. guiwaye and guiwoye"
+kneel,intransitive verb,"durkushi, dilkushi or dik(k)ushi, related forms are durgusa(s)a or durgus(s)a = to k. as in prayer; to k. down or prostrate oneself gurufani and yin gurufani"
+knife,noun,"wuka, pl. wukake, konga; to sharpen or whet a knife gerta (or wasa) wuka; spec. a small k. almoza, kududura; a kind of k. with blade projecting backwards kangar or kanga, a k. carried up the sleeve, attached by a leathern ring wuka hannu cf. hannu; a sort of missile k. gario, q.v"
+knit,verb,sharaba
+knock,verb,"gen. buga; to k. against intr. gochi and gocha, tr. as the"
+knot,noun,kubli or kulli
+know,verb,"san(n)i, shin(n)a"
+knowledge,noun,"asanchi or azanchi, lura"
+"known, to make",verb,"ambachi, gaya"
+knuckle,noun,idon hannu
+kola-nut,noun,"goro, pl. gwurra; spec. a variety of k.-n. from gwanja atarus, from yoruba ibi; a bad k.-n. gobro fem. gobrua; a large k.-n. goria; half of a k.-n. bare; packing placed round k.-nuts fufu; insect found in the k.-n. sankara"
+koran,noun,kuran
+"koran, text of the",noun,nassi
+kwadaye كْوَدَايِ,transitive verb,to long after
+labour,noun,"aiki, pl. ayuyuka, ayuka, aikoki or aikuna; farm labour aikin gona; labour pains wohal(i)an haiwa"
+labour,verb,yin aiki; aiki
+labourer,noun,"maaiki, fem. maai-kia, pl. masuaiki"
+lack,noun,reshi or ra(s)shi; l. of goods tsia
+lack,transitive verb,"tabe, ras(s)a, also prec. with da"
+lacking,adjective,reshi
+lacking,adjective,by prefixing maras
+lad,noun,"yaro, pl. yara"
+ladder,noun,"mahayi, karangama, tsani; wooden l. matakara"
+lake,noun,"kogi, pl. koguna, kogina and kogai"
+lamb,noun,"dan tumkia, pl. yan tumkia; the paschal l. ragun laya"
+lame,adjective,"guragu or gurya, pl. guragu, maigwami, pl. masu-gwami, amargude, makasari, fem. makasaria"
+lameness,noun,"gurguanchi, gurgunta, gurugunta, and gurumunta, gwami, takwoshi or tarkoshi, dingishi, kage"
+lament,verb,yin kuka
+lamentation,noun,kuka; to make l. talk(k)aba; cf. cry
+lamp,noun,oil main fatilla; he lit the l. ya tuya fitilla; we are working by lamp light muna yin aiki da fatilla
+lance,noun,"mashi or maji, pl. masusuka"
+land,noun,"(phys.) kas(s)a, pl. kas(s)ashi and kas(s)asa; (= one's country) kas(s)a and gari, pl. garurua and garigaru"
+landing place,noun,mafichi
+language,noun,(= speech) magana
+language,noun,"(= tongue of particular nation) magana; to speak the hausa l. yin magana hausa; halshi or harshĩ, pl. halshina, hausa, pl. harata"
+language,noun,(= literary expression) karatu
+larder,noun,maimfanin nama
+large,adjective,"babã, pl. mainya, girima; a l. book bab(b)an littafi or littafi baba"
+"large, to become",intransitive verb,girima and yin girima
+last,adjective,"nabaya, fem. tabaya; phr. the l. day ranar (or ran) gobe, gobe; the l. sleep (= death) makarin barchi; (= l. of a preceding series) l. night jia da dere; l. month watan jia; l. year bara; at l. adv. yau yau or yoyo, ƙarshẽ"
+"last, the",noun,"(= final state or case) ƙarshẽ, makari, makare, makara; ƙarshẽ used adverbially = at the last, at last"
+"last, to",intransitive verb,"yin ƙarko, ƙarƙo"
+lasting,noun,(= state of continuance) dad(d)awa or ded(d)ewa
+lasting,adjective,"matabbata, madawami; long l. madawami"
+late evening,noun,of time magarub or maguriba; later evening lisha
+"late, to be",verb,yin yauchi
+lateness,noun,(= delay) yauchi
+laud,transitive verb,"yin kirari, yin yab(b)o also with pres. form na"
+laudation,noun,"kirari, yab(b)o"
+laugh,intransitive verb,yin daria; to cause to l. bã or bada daria
+laughter,noun,"daria, harerewa"
+law,noun,"gen. sheria, to decide in l. raba sheria; (relig. = ordinance) sun(n)a or sunna; a prohibitory l. doka"
+lawful,adjective,"halal, halas or hallata"
+lay,transitive verb,"sa; to l. eggs aje ƙwoi; to l. aside sa, aje; to l. down kwanta; to l. a thing down again mayes; to l. hold of or on kama"
+laziness,noun,"ragonchi, ragaita"
+lazy,adjective,"lalãfa, (= idle) rago, mairago, mairagaita"
+lead,verb,"bada hanya, ja"
+lead,noun,(the metal) dalma; l. for bullets arsa
+leader,noun,of a fight uban yaki; spec. 1. of infantry sarikin kirma
+leader,noun,"of caravan (= chief) jaji; (= the conductor who precedes it) jagaba or shugaba, pl. shugabai; (= the one that walks behind it) madūga, pl. madugawa"
+leader,noun,"in prayer limam, pl. limami"
+leaf,noun,"of a book waraka; spec. an edible l. also used for thatching jitta, see also fufu"
+leafless tree,noun,"kwabri or kewauri, pl. kwabrūka and kwobrūka"
+league,noun,(= alliance) gaya
+leak,intransitive verb,"zub(b)a, zub(b)o and zuba"
+lean,adjective,"arane, ramame, fem. ramamia, pl. ramamu, guzuma; an old l. object (applied to animals and also to women) guzuma"
+lean,intransitive verb,"l. against jingina, jingine, tangana; to l. back on horse zami; to l. upon dangana, dogare; the last also fig. to l. upon in trust or confidence"
+"lean, to be or become",verb,"yin rama, rama"
+leanness,noun,rama
+leap,intransitive verb,"tuma, dir(r)a, dir(r)o, dera, dero, dir(r)i, zariu, fadi (lit. fall)"
+learn,verb,"koiyo or koyo, sanas; to l. by heart samu harda"
+learned,adjective,"karanta, maikaratu; very l. maikaratu da yawa; a l. man malami, pl. malaman; a l. woman malama"
+leather,noun,"kirigi, fata; spec. strips of l. coll. gunda; strips of black l. coll. kwaro"
+leather-dresser,noun,majemi or majima
+"leathern, case for book",noun,guf-(f)aka
+leave,transitive verb,"ber(r)i or ber, raba and rabu, constr. with da"
+leaven,noun,"yami, kulu; spec. l. made from the acid pulp of the tamarind tsamia"
+left,particle,"berere, fem. berera, pl. bereru"
+left,adjective,"(= remaining, remainder, rest) saura, sudi, kingi"
+left,adjective,"(of position) the l. hauni, hagu or hagun; the l. hand hannu na hauni; l.-handed bahago"
+leg,noun,"bone kobrin kafa; calf of the l. sharaba; bent l. (a disease) gwami; l. bent by disease kage; with bent legs (i.e. through disease) guragu or gurg(u, pl. guragu, which also = without legs; to bend the l. tunkushe"
+leg-irons,noun,"malwa, giger"
+lemon,noun,lemu
+lend,verb,bada aro; cf. loan
+length,noun,"(of space and time) tsawa, tsawo or sawo, tsayir, tsayi or tsai; tsawonka"
+length,noun,(= long continuance)
+leopard,noun,"damis(a)a, pl. damis-(s)a"
+leper,noun,"kuturu, pl. kutare, mai-kuturta, nuikuturchi"
+leprosy,noun,"kuturchi or kuturta, albarga; spec. a mutilating form of l. machiri; white l. albarga; a lizard whose bite is reputed to cause l. kutu"
+leprous,adjective,"akuturchc, maikuturta"
+less,adverb,"(= minus in computing) shawora, buss, gaira"
+less,adverb,(= engl. neg. suff. -less) neg. prefix maras-
+lessen,transitive and intransitive verb,"reg(g)i, ragi or rage; one who lessens mairage(g)i; tr. kasashe; intr. ragu, taway a or tanvi, kasada; the waters are lessening ruaye suna ragua; cf. seq"
+lest,conjunction,"(= for fear that, that... not) kad(d)a"
+let,transitive verb,"(= allow) ber(r)i or ber; to l. alone ber(r)i, ber, kiale; to l. down sabka, sabki or sapka, also (with da) sabkas or sapkas, shid(d)a"
+letter,noun,"(= epistle) wotika or wochika, takarda, pl. takardu, laya"
+letter,noun,"(= a sign of the alphabet) hurufi or harufi, pl. harufai"
+lettuce,noun,spec. a sort of water l. kainua
+level,adjective,and adv. sosai; it is l. ya yi sosai
+liar,noun,makaraichi
+liberality,noun,baiwa
+liberate,transitive verb,see free
+"liberation, from slavery",noun,diyauchi or diyanchi
+liberty,noun,yanchi
+licentiousness,noun,fasishiwa
+lichen,noun,toto or tantau
+lick,verb,"las(a) or la(s)e, used fig. of flame; to l. the hand tandewa or tundewa"
+lie,intransitive verb,to l. down kwanche; to l. down to sleep kwana and kwanta; a place to l. down makwanché or makwanché; to l. in wait yin fak(k)a; a place to l. in wait mafak(k)a
+lie,noun,"karia, afko"
+lie,intransitive verb,(= to tell lies) yenke karia
+life,noun,"rai, pl. raiu and raiuka; in a more general sense (= engl. time) zamani or zamani, yayi"
+lift up,transitive verb,"chira, chire, chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro, tada, saida, daukaka, dokaka or dokake; spec. to l. up a heavy weight with both hands sunguma"
+ligature,noun,"rawani, pl. rawuna"
+light,adjective,"(= not heavy) shakup, sak(k)a"
+light,adjective,(= full of light) mai-haske
+light,noun,"haske, pl. haskoki, annuri; cf. seq"
+light,transitive verb,"(= to give light) haskaka, bada haske"
+light,transitive verb,"(= to set alight) to l. a fire has(a) (hazza or azza) wuta, fura wuta, yada wuta; to l. a lamp tuya fatilla"
+light upon,intransitive verb,tsaya
+lighten,transitive verb,(of the lightning) wolka or yin wolkia
+lightning,noun,wolkia; like l. (i.e. at immeasurable speed) ya wolkia f 155
+like,transitive verb,"so, marimari"
+like,adverb,abubekr yi abubekr a 82
+like,adverb,"a child yina jinjiri a 81; ta'ada a 21; adj. tanfari or tamfari a 76; the following are substantival (as in engl. one's l.) teewa, kama, pl. kamanu"
+"like, as",adverb,"tamkarda or tankarda, kam(m)a or kamada and kamanda, michali or misali, wa"
+"like, to make",transitive verb,daidata; pass. is made l. unto akotanchi
+liken to,transitive verb,kotanchi or kwatanchi
+likeness,noun,"kama, pl. kamanu, michali, misali, supa, wani, kutumshi, teewa"
+likewise,adverb,"kua, ma"
+lime,noun,(the fruit) lemu
+limit,noun,iyaka or iaka
+line,noun,"(= a row, series) jera, jere or jire; in a l. ajera or ajere; spec. a l. formed for prayer ṣaṭṭu, a broad blue l. in cloth saki, soƙi, or soak; cf. lines"
+lineage,noun,"zuria, usali"
+linen,noun,alƙamura
+linger,intransitive verb,dad(d)a also pronounced dedd; to l. about lalata
+"lingerer, at home in time of war",noun,kazum
+lintel,noun,almanami
+lion,noun,"zaki, fem. zakainya, pl. zakoki, firdi; male l. toron zaki; young l. dan zaki; spec. a red l. alƙumaldi; strong l. wan-dara; the adj. gadanga strong is specially used as an epithet of the lion"
+lioness,noun,zakainya
+lip,noun,"lebo, pl. lebuna"
+list,noun,"(written) zumanai, takarda, pl. takardu"
+listen,verb,"(= to hear with attention) saurara, sorara or jurare; l. intently with bowed head karkat(t)a and kakarsta used with or without kunnu (ear)"
+listener,noun,majia
+"listens, he who",adjective,(epithet of god) samiu
+little,adjective,"karami, fem. karama or karamia, pl. karamai, kanana and kankana; kankani or kankane, f. kankana, pl. kankanu or kankana; substantively (= a l., also few) kad(a)n, sum(m)a, sam(m)a sam(m)a, kalilan, ƙasar, very l. kad(a)n kad(a)n, i ate but l. but very l. ban chi ba sai kaddan sai kaddan"
+live,intransitive verb,yin rai
+liver,noun,"hanta or anta, kidibi, koda or kwoda"
+living,adjective,da rai
+"living one, the",adjective,epithet of god maihayã
+lizami or lezami لِزَامِ,noun,a horse's bit
+lizard,noun,"kadan gari, gusa, spec. a kind of l. kulba, large venomous l. (draconina f) dam-(m)u, small venomous l. tsaka, small black-headed l. goguwari, small tree-l., supposed to cause leprosy kutu"
+load,noun,"kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki; heavy l. adãla or adãlan kaya, alaro, a small addition to a carrier's l. dauria, to get ready a l. gara kaya, to pack up a l. labda, i took his l. na taboshi"
+load,transitive verb,labda; to l. a gun dora (or chik(k)a) bindiga
+loadstone,noun,mujin karifi
+loaf,noun,of salt or sugar kantu
+loan,noun,"aro, bashî, ramche, cf. lend; one who gives money etc. on l. mabachi, pl. mabata"
+loathe,transitive verb,tsantsani and yin tsantsani
+locality,noun,"wuri, pl. wurare"
+lock,noun,makulli
+lock,transitive verb,"kulbi, to lock up, id"
+locust,noun,"fara, pl. farori or faruna; spec. small l. dungo, large l. babe, fem. babania, black l. birdudua, black l. which flies at night bardinuwa or farandere; an insect like the l. taki, pl. takoki"
+locust tree,noun,"doriwa or dorowa, pl. dorowaye"
+lodge,intransitive verb,"sabka, sabki or sapka"
+lodging,noun,mashid(d)i
+lodging-place,noun,"mashid(d)i, masabki or masapki"
+log,noun,"(of wood) itache and iche, spec. l. of wood fastened to feet of slaves as a punishment turayi; l. of wood tied to head as punishment for thieving kangalai; cf. dried"
+loins,noun,"karfata or karifatu, mara"
+loneliness,noun,kiwa or kewa
+long,adjective,"(= of considerable length) dogo, fem. doguwa, pl. dogaye, da tsayi"
+long,adjective,"(of dimension) expr. by n. tsawa, tsawo etc"
+long,adjective,"(of time) how l.? tunyaushe, l. ago tuntunei, l. since tunda dewa; l. lasting, adj. maida wami; (of space) l. way off dag(g)a nesa, da nesa and nesa"
+long for,verb,tuski or tuske; to l. after absent friend begi
+longing,noun,(also = l. for) kodai or kewadai; evil l. guri
+look at,verb,"duba or dubo, dauro or doro, kal(l)o and yin kal(l)o, l. at this! ga shi wonan, to l. attentively at tsokachi; to l. steadfastly at zura; to l. be-"
+looking-glass,noun,"madubi, matsokachi or masokachi"
+loom,noun,takala
+"loop, in a string",noun,"zarge, pl. zarguna; maazirgi"
+loosen,transitive verb,"kunche, kwanche or kunchi; sunche or sinche"
+loosened,participle,"kunche, fem. kunchia, pl. kuntu"
+lord,noun,"ubangiji; sid; applied to mohammed b 20; lord, an epithet of the deity, rabbi, ribi or rabba; in the same sense also ubangiji, cf. b 3, 4, 6, 9"
+lose,transitive verb,"ras(a)s(a), yin reshi, tabe, yin asara, gagata, the last constr. with da, rubushi; to l. the way, ras(a) haniya, rache or ratse, gochi and goche, gagata da haniya, bata haniya, karikache, the last also fig. of moral deviation; to l. one's case kayes ga sheria"
+loss,noun,berna or birna
+"loss, to suffer",intransitive verb,"hasara, ta'adi"
+lost,participle,"lalatache, fem. lalatachia, pl. lalataiu; to be l. ras(a)a; it is l. ya talaf"
+lot,noun,"(= portion) rabo or rabu, pl. raberbi; (= engl. familiar expr. 'a l. of' and 'lots of') dayawa"
+love,noun,"soseya, soaya or souaya, kamma, so"
+love,transitive verb,so; (after pronouns ending in ma) kamma; yin soseya; shahawa
+"loved, one much",noun,"lele, masooyi"
+lover,noun,"maso, pl. masoua; masoyi, fem. masoya, pl. masoyu"
+low,intransitive verb,yin kuka; cf. lowing
+low,adverb,"kas(a)a, akas(a) akasa"
+lower,transitive verb,"kasashe, kas, sabka, sabki or sapka; to l. to the ground kas(a)a; spec. to l. a bucket into a well zir(r)e"
+lowing,noun,(of cow or camel) boda; kuka
+luck,noun,"(good) nas(a)ara, arzik'i"
+luggage,noun,kaya or kaia and pl. kayayeki; spec. a woman's l. fago or pago
+lull,transitive verb,reno
+lump,noun,(e.g. of flour) dunkule; tsaba or tsal(l)a
+lunatic,adjective,"tabo or tabo, fem. tabuwa; mahaukachi, fem. mahaukachia, pl. mahaukatu"
+lungs,noun,fufu or kufu
+lust,noun,"guri, shawa, kodai"
+lying down,noun,kwantawa
+lying in wait,noun,"fah(k)o, kwanto"
+macaroni,noun,"talia, wasawasa"
+machewa* مَشِوَا,noun,bile
+mad,adjective,"mahaukachi, fem. mahaukachia, pl. mahaukatu; mai-hauka; hutsu; a m. dog mahaukachi kar(r)e"
+"mad, to be",intransitive verb,"hauka, hauka, haukache"
+madden,transitive verb,haukata
+madness,noun,"hauka, wahami"
+magic,noun,maita
+magnet,noun,mujīn karifi
+magnify,transitive verb,"(= to honour, to extol) girnama, baida girima, yab(b)o, yin yab(b)o"
+magnitude,noun,girima
+magpie,noun,(eats locusts) chilikowa
+maiden,noun,"budurua, pl. budurai, diya"
+maidenhood,noun,buduruchi or budurwanchi
+"mail, coat of",noun,"(made of cloth) lufudi, pl. lufudai; (made of chain) sulke, kumakum(m)"
+maintain,transitive verb,"(= retain) rik(k)e, rik(k)a, rik(k); also rukun, rikun a 47, c 37"
+maintain,transitive verb,(= feed) chida
+maize,noun,mas(s)ara or damas(s)ara
+majesty,noun,zaiti f 132
+make,transitive verb,"(= to construct, fashion, create) yi, yin, yiwo or iwo; wa; i m. 'nai = na yi'; god who made the world allah wanda ya yiwo dunia; (= to produce or effect)"
+make,transitive verb,(to cause) sa
+malady,noun,"chivo, chiuta"
+male,adjective,"and n. namiji, toro; the m. lion toron saki; wani in the phrase wani da wanche male and female"
+malice,noun,"kiyeiya, masifa, keta or kita, mugun hal(l)i, mugunta"
+maltreat,transitive verb,"walakanta, cf. injure"
+maltreatment,noun,walakanchi
+man,noun,"mutum or mutum, pl. mutane; (as contrasted with woman and wife) miji, pl. maza and mazaje, namiji; married m. miji da mache; the m. with the broom (i.e. a bachelor who has to sweep his own house) namiji da shara"
+mane,noun,"(of horse, etc.) geza, pl. gezuna"
+manger,noun,"jirigi or jirgi, pl. jirage"
+manifest,adjective,tsahiri
+manifest,transitive verb,"bayan(n)a or bayan(n)a, gaya, god(a)a"
+manifestation,noun,nunawa
+manifestly,adverb,tsahirii
+manliness,noun,mazakata
+manner,noun,"hal(l)'i, pl. hal(l)'ai, ada, the latter used especially of religious m.; such is his m. hallinsa ke nan"
+"manumission, a certificate of",noun,"laya, layan diyauchi"
+manure,noun,taki
+manure,transitive verb,yin taki
+many,adjective,"dayawa and (esp. of persons) mayawa or mai yawa, pl. masu yawa; berkete, tak-(k)aka, ful or pul; how m.? nawa, guda nawa"
+"march, by night in war",noun,kwanan daga
+mare,noun,"godia, dukusa (fem. of dukushi) pl. dukusai; a young m. dan dukushi; a large m. angarmia; a strong m. kangarua"
+mark,noun,"tab(b)o, pl. tab(b)una; m. on paper or cloth dug(y)o or dig(y)a, pl. dugoyi; m. on animals, trees, etc. or of a person unable to write shaida, pl. shaida; a m. on the ground, a land-mark amara; for tribal marks, cf. marks; to put a m. on the ground halama"
+mark,transitive verb,"(= to note, observe) ji and gan(n)i"
+mark,transitive verb,(= to make a m. on) shaida or yin shaida; to m. off kebe; cf. marks
+"marker, in book",noun,"halama, amara"
+"market, for some special article",noun,kasua or kasuwa; spec. a very small m. dan kasua; officer of the m. sankurumi; president of the m. sarikin kasua; a m. thief maisani; notice forbidding people to sell in the m. shela
+"marks, to cut, on",verb,reda
+marksman,noun,"mahalbi, pl. mahalbai or masuhalb"
+marriage,noun,"amre, amri or aure, angonchi; m. feast buki or biki, also wasaambuki; m. presents (wife's) gara; to rejoice at a m. yin gara"
+married,adjective,suna; m. man miji da mache
+marrow,noun,burgo or barugo
+marry,verb,"amre, amri, aure or yin amre, etc"
+marsh,noun,fadama
+marvel,noun,"(= a wonder) abin mamaki, abinchewa, ajub"
+marvel,verb,"yin mamaki, jin mamaki, yin woba; to m. at a thing unseen before kakabi; to cause to m. ajabi"
+mash,transitive verb,farfasha or palpashe
+mass,noun,tsaba or tsa(l)a
+master,noun,"ubangiji; uba or oba, pl. ubane and ubanai"
+master,transitive verb,"(= to overpower) rinjayi or rinjaya, fi, i"
+masticate,transitive verb,"tamna or tona, tsuk(k)e"
+masticated,participle,"tamnane, fem. tamana, pl. tamnanu"
+mat,noun,"gen. abin shimfida; spec. old grass m. kesa; reed m. tabarma; goat-skin m. buzu or busu; round m. tafin giwa; round grass m. windi; round m. of plaited grass asalo; m. let down in front of doorway arapberi, tufania; grass or reed m. for covering outside of houses zana; cf. seq"
+matsorachi مَتْصُرَاتْشِ,noun,cowardice
+matter,noun,"(subject) tada, pl. tadodi; what is the m.? mi ya faru, what is the m. with you? mi ya sameka"
+"mattress, cloth",noun,darduma
+mature,adjective,"and v.; see ripe, ripen"
+meal,noun,"(= repast) kalachi, which also = mid-day m"
+meal,noun,(= ground fruit of dorowa) garin dorowa; cf. flour
+mean,adjective,"(= worthless, contemptible) lalatache, fem. lalatachia, pl. lalataiu, banza"
+meaning,noun,"(of words and phrases) loga, guzu, tushi, kar, manaa, dalili"
+measles,noun,bakwondoro (?)
+measure,transitive verb,"golgoda or gorgoda, god(d)a, awo, yin awo, auna; trop. to m. by rule or comparison kiyasi"
+measure,noun,"gen. (both in the strict sense and also of comparison, estimation, proportion, one's m. or standard) golgodo, gorgoda, gulguɗu d 25"
+measure,noun,"(= instrument or means of measuring) abin auna, abin awo, ma'auni"
+measure,noun,"spec. the foot regarded as a m. of length tak(k)e; pl. takoki; a m. of length from elbow to tip of middle finger kamu; a cloth m. of about 15 feet zan(e) or zan(n)i, pl. zan(n)ua; a cloth m. of about 22 yards turumi; cf. cloth-measure; a m. of capacity mud(a)u, pl. mud(a)una; a m. for grain zakka, zikka or jikka; cf. span"
+meat,noun,"(= flesh used as food) nama, pl. namomi; spec. thin strips of cooked m. kilishi; the fat of m. mai; epithet applied to broth without m. da lami"
+mediator,noun,masakamche
+medicine,noun,"magani, pl. maganguna and magunguna; to take m. sha or hade magani; to apply, administer m. sa, ba or bada magani; purgative zawo; m. against a cold maganin majina; spec. a white mixture used as m. farin-gamu; a bitter herbal m. tazargadi; a m. made from leaves of adua tree lingab(b)u; saltpetre used as m. jan kanwa; a m. made from a grass dandana; to preserve fruit in syrup as a m. tr. v. tsumi or tsume; m. for the eyes korino, gwakamba; a m. taken to ward off an enemy's blows sago; a m. for children dauri; sources of m.—a tree whose root is used as a m. for dysentery domashi; a bitter herb from which a m. is made shikawa; a grass from which a m. is made tsaiwa; a tree whose bark furnishes a m. for men and cattle kukuki; a small tree from whose root a scent is made used as a m. uwan magunguna; a sharp, thorny grass ground up as a m. rairai or rerei; a tree (the fruit of which resembles a melon) whose blossoms furnish a m. tumfafa, pl. tumfafi; a large tree furnishing an astringent m. sansami; a shrub from berries of which a m. is made zakami or zakami; a medicinal plant growing amongst dawa about two feet high kuduji; a root used as a purgative m. zagarafi; a plant whose leaves furnish m. for the chest tafessa, raidoe; herb with tooth-shaped leaves from which a m. is made zabo; a shrub the wood of which affords a m. used for a cold yako; a plant with small black seeds used in m. nana(f)(f)a"
+meditate,intransitive verb,tsachi or zache
+meditating,participle,n. a. mai-zache
+meditation,noun,"tunane, fem. tunana, pl. tunanu, q.v"
+meek,adjective,da hankuri; cf. seq
+meekness,noun,"hankuri, hankura or hakora"
+meet,adjective,"daidai, and in stronger sense halal, halas, hallata; not m. haram, ba daidai, ba halal etc.; cf. seq. (2)"
+meet,verb,"tarie, jyn taru; to m. as in conflict or opposition kar(r)o with da; to m. with gamu or gamo da; tare or tarie, tareo, tarda, tarasda; tasgi, tsaya, tsai; saddu; same, sama or samo; tabo; to m. a person coming from the opposite direction karapta; to m. on the road saddu"
+meet,verb,"trop. (= to m. so as to be fit, suit-"
+meeting,noun,"taruwa, taria; a m. with sadhua; m. of rivers (= confluence) magangami; a day of m. (with god on the last day) ranagamu"
+melon,noun,dila; spec. water-m. kankana; roots of melons yado; a tree with a fruit somewhat resembling a m. tumfafla
+melt,transitive verb,(e.g. metals) narike
+"melted, be",intransitive verb,nariku
+"memorandum, of goods, written on paper",noun,zumami
+memorial,noun,ambato
+memory,noun,"tunane, tuna"
+men,noun,(= males) maza
+men,noun,(= human beings) mutane
+mend,transitive verb,gerta
+mend,transitive verb,(= to patch clothes etc.) banke; to m. by sewing fasali
+mend,transitive verb,"fig. (to set right, to 'm. matters') gara or gera"
+mention,transitive verb,ambata or ambato
+merchandise,noun,"bukata, abin chinki, fatauchi"
+merchant,noun,"fadake, maifadake, pl. masufadake, attajiri or tajiri, kuntumi, maifatauchi, dangarumfa; spec. a. rich m. kunkumi or kuntumi; a travelling m. falke, pl. fatake; fatake used as a. coll. = merchants"
+merciful,adjective,(epithet applied to god only) errahimi
+mercy,noun,"jinkai or shinkai, tausayi; cf. compassion"
+merely,adverb,"saidai, sai"
+"merry, be",intransitive verb,shewa or (sokoto) suwa; we are very m. muna yin daria da murna
+message,noun,"(= errand, mission) sako, (= news or information brought) labari; to delay to deliver a m. ida labari"
+messenger,noun,"maaike, pl. masu-aike and maaika; maaikachi; jekada; maizo, pl. manzani which is also used of a king's m. specially"
+midday,noun,"of time tsak(k)an rana; m. meal, n. kalachi"
+middle,noun,"tsak(k)ia, tsak(k)a, atsak(k)a; in the m. of (prepositional phr.) tsakani or zakani"
+midwife,noun,ungozuma
+might,noun,"iko, (of physical power) karfi, karfi"
+mighty,adjective,"maiiko, maikarfi, bajini, gugara or gugar, ajabbabu b 118; (as epithets of god) azizui, jabbaru, jalala, kaderi; cf. powerful"
+mildew,noun,fumfuna
+milk,noun,"nono, pl. nonua; sweet or fresh m. madara; curds of m. gunt­sari; herb root of which is put in m. to preserve it loda, daf(f)ara; to skim m. yade"
+milk,transitive verb,"tasa, tasi, tachi, tatsa or taza"
+mill,noun,see mill-stone
+mill,transitive verb,(= to grind) nik(i)a
+miller and mill-owner,noun,maireda
+millet,noun,"dawa, dawa mazara, gero"
+million,adjective,alif alif; dubu dari goma
+millstone,noun,"duchin nik(i)a, marede, pl. maredai"
+mince,transitive verb,(cut into very small pieces) yenyena
+mind,noun,"zuciya, rai, the latter used in compounds like giriman rai haughtiness, see rai (2); i am of two minds ina da zuciya biyu; absence of m. cf. shagalichi"
+mind,verb,"(= regard, heed) kul(i)a with da, cf. care, care for"
+"minister, a king's",noun,"bafade or bafadi, magfada­wa; m. of the household magaji"
+minstrel,noun,"zabia, pl. zabiyo­yi"
+"mint, a plant resembling",noun,dadoia
+minute,noun,of time gari
+mirage,noun,diyalrana (lit. child of the sun)
+mire,noun,"laka, tab(b)o, pl. tabuna; cf. mud"
+mirror,noun,"madubi, madubin ido, madubin fuska, matsokachi or masokachi"
+miscarriage,noun,wabi
+miscarry,verb,"bari, yesda diya, bata chik(k)i"
+mischief,noun,"kita or keta, masufa; to do m. yin sababi"
+mischief-maker,noun,"maisab(b)abi, pl. masusab(b)abi; machuchi"
+mischievous person,noun,"mai­masifa, pl. masumasifa"
+miser,noun,bahili
+misfortune,noun,"hasara, asara, ta­siri, sab(b)abi or sub(b)abi, masafa"
+mislead,transitive verb,"rude; one who misleads marude or mairude, pl. maruda"
+misled,participle,"rudade, fem. ru­dada, pl. rudadu"
+miss,noun,"used of an arrow, gun, etc. kuskurewa"
+miss,verb,"(= to pass over, omit words in a book) ratsa, cf. a 73; to m. the way ras(s)a hani­ya; to m. (of an arrow) kuskure or kurkura, yin kun­du; to m. fire fas(s)a, yin karia; charms to cause the"
+mist,noun,hazo
+mistake,noun,"mantua; to make a m. manta, manche, yin mantua, bata zanche"
+mistress,noun,"(of the house) uworigid(d)a or uwalgid(d)a, (of slaves) uworigijiya"
+misty,adjective,da hazo
+misunderstand,verb,"gigiche or gigi, rudi"
+mix,transitive verb,"dame or dama; gari woya; gangama; kwabe, kwabe or kwaba; to m. together chuda or chudawa; to m. mud chuda yimbi; to m. up together forau forau or foro foro"
+"mixed, what is",noun,damamia
+mock,verb,"bananche, fasiki"
+mocker,noun,majifasiki
+mode,noun,"hal(l)'i, pl. hal(l)ai"
+moderate size,noun,madadiadichi; a thing of m. s. madadiadichi; of m. s. adj. da madadiadichi
+moderately,adverb,da dama dama
+modest,adjective,"(= bashful, under a sense of shame) da kumya"
+modesty,noun,"(= sense of shame, bashfulness) kumya or kumia"
+"mohammedan, a.",noun,"musulmi (musulmi a 5), pl. musulmai; the m. religion musulumchi; to be a m. musulunta f 58; i changed from a heathen to a m. na sauya da arna (or asna) musulmi"
+moisten,transitive verb,jik(d)a
+moisture,noun,damshi
+"molasses, a kind of",noun,mad(d)i or madya
+mole,noun,(= birth mark) tadawal allah
+molest,transitive verb,"tsananta, alale"
+moment,noun,"of time keptawan ido, garn; in a m. (= forthwith = a m. afterwards) nan da nan"
+monday,noun,latini and rana latini
+money,noun,"kurdi or kudi; for m., on payment of m. da kurdi; (the only money regularly used by the hausas consists of cowrie shells, about 2000 of which are equivalent in value to a shilling; the austrian dollar is occasionally used, see della)"
+"money-bag, small",noun,tsal(l)eta
+monkey,noun,"biri, pl. birai, biraye or biruna; spec. a large m. gata or gatan biri; a small red m. tsulo"
+"monkey-bread, tree",noun,i.e. the baobab kuka
+monkey-nut,noun,ged(d)a; oil from the monkey-n. main ged(d)a
+month,noun,"wata, pl. watani and watashi; this m. watan yo; last m. watan jia; next m. watan gobe; m. after next"
+monument,noun,see memorial
+moon,noun,"wata, pl. watani and watashi. masc.; new m. sabon wata, farin wata, fari(l)(a); a bright m. (ein heller mond) wata farje†; halo round m. sansan(n)i; phr. the m. is ended wata ya mutu"
+more,adjective,(= greater in amount) mafi yawa
+more,adjective,(= to a greater degree) as in our comparison of adj. and adv. fi
+more,adjective,"(= m. in addition, further) kara"
+moreover,adverb,"bayan hak(k)a, fa"
+morning,noun,the early m. safe and safa; when m. came da safe ya yi; in the m. da safe; every m. kowache safa; good morning! sannu da safe or sannu da rana; very early in the m. saqafe; m. two hours after sunrise hamchi or hantsi
+morrow,noun,"gobe, rana maiqua; good bye till to-morrow sai gobe; for 'day after to-morrow' &c. see day"
+morsel,noun,"guzura, pl. guzure"
+mortar,noun,"(made by scooping out a log) turumi, pl. turuma; a maker or owner of mortars maiturnumi"
+mortar,noun,(= building cement) damamia; to mix m. dame or dama
+moslem,noun,"musulmi, pl. musulmai; see also mohammedan"
+mosque,noun,"masallachi, pl. masallatai"
+most,adverb,1. (denoting the relative superlative) is expressed by a defining phr. mafi (or ya fi) duka (or kowa) = surpassing all or any
+moth,noun,"spec. a m. from a black caterpillar asu; a black m. kwaro, pl. kwari; a m. which bites men and eats ants tentsa"
+mother,noun,"uwa, iya; his m. was zainabu uwa tasa zainabu"
+mother-in-law,noun,sarakuwa
+motion,noun,mosi or motsi
+mound,noun,"tudu, pl. tudodi"
+mount,verb,hawa or hau; to m. a horse or to m. on horseback hawa doki or hawa bis(a) a doki; to m. up or upon tak(k)i or taka
+mount,verb,"tak(k)aba, yin kuka g 2"
+mountain,noun,"tudu, pl. tudodi, tsauni (but larger than tudu), kudunia, which also means range of mountains"
+mouse,noun,"bera or bira, dambaria, kusu, pl. kusai; spec. field m. gunzu"
+mouth,noun,"baki, pl. bakuna; also fig. of the opening or entrance to anything"
+mouthful,noun,loma or lauma
+move,transitive and intransitive verb,"mosa, intr. yin mosi; to m. away from gurugusa; to m. a little back gusa, gulguza or gurugusa; to m. a little forward guso or guruguso; to m. forward or backward so as to make room zakuda or zakudo; to m. from a place gurugushe; to m. towards guruguso"
+"moved, be",verb,much
+movement,noun,mosi or motsi
+"moving, a little away",participle,gusawa
+mow,transitive verb,yenka or yenke
+"mucus, from the eyes",noun,komtsa or kwamsa
+mud,noun,"yimba or yamba, tab(b)o, pl. tabuna, laka, kafo; spec. handful of m. churi; round piece of m. chibirrin kasa; slippery m. til(l)abia"
+mud-fish,noun,gaiwa; the noise made by the m.-f. chiwuki
+muddy,adjective,da tab(b)o
+muddy water,noun,guiba or guibi
+muezzin,noun,lada
+mule,noun,"alfadari, fem. alfadara, pl. alfadaru"
+multiply,transitive verb,"yawanta, yin yawanta, sa yawa yawa, kara"
+multitude,noun,"yawa, taro or taru, pl. taroni"
+murder,noun,ka(s)shinkai
+murder,intransitive verb,yin ka(s)shinkai
+murderer,noun,"maka(s)shi, maka(s)shinkai"
+murderous,adjective,kasau
+murmur,intransitive verb,"gunaguni, yin gunaguni; to m. against kusato"
+muscular person,noun,"gendi, fem. gendia"
+music,noun,"molo, pl. moluna; to play music yin wasa"
+musical instrument,noun,"abin molo, kidda or kiddi; to play on a m. i. that is touched or struck yin kidda; spec. a m. i. like a guitar gurumi or gurimi used in the expr. gurimin kidda; a m. i. held under the arm, a kind of drum kozo; a m. i. played by rubbing on it kukuma; a stringed m. i. machirkia; strings of a m. i. tsarkia; stick for m. i. goge; a m. i. played before a king"
+"musical performer, on drum",noun,makiddi; on a trumpet maibusa
+"musician, king's",noun,"zabia, pl. zabiyoyi"
+musk,noun,muska
+muslin,noun,"used for turbans harsa, hirsa"
+"mussulman, to be a",intransitive verb,musulmata; see moslem and mohammedan
+must,verb,"(= be obligatory or necessary) lalli, kamata"
+"musty smell, as of grain long kept",noun,guna
+"muzzle, for goat or donkey",noun,takumkumi
+myriad,noun,of number ribbi
+myself,pronoun,kaina; i'm. ni dakaina
+nail,transitive verb,kaf(f)a
+"nail, an iron",noun,kosa or kusa
+"nail, finger",noun,"kumba, pl. kumbuna or kumkai, farchi, kambori"
+naked,adjective,"chiraro, tsirara, funtu or dafuntu, jir"
+nakedness,noun,"chirara, funtunchi; fig. wofi"
+name,noun,"suna, pl. sunua and sunanaki; a city whose n. is kano birni sunansa kano"
+"name-day, for a child",noun,ranesuna; a meal connected with the n.-day tuon suna
+napkin,noun,"kalkaf(f)i, maharma"
+narrate,verb,fad(d)i or fad(d)a
+narrative,noun,"labari, aljima, aljama"
+narrow,adjective,"kumche, kunkunta; a n. place wurin machi"
+narrow,transitive verb,intr. (= to be n.) matsu
+narrowed,participle,adj. kumche
+natal,adjective,"na haifua, fem. ta haifua"
+nativity,noun,haifua
+natron,noun,"kanwa, gal(l)o, ashauma; a heap of n. burdumi"
+nature,noun,"(character) lal(l)i, b 104"
+navel,noun,"chibia, pl. chibioyi"
+near,adverb,kus(s)a; n. at hand da kus(s)a
+"near, to be etc.",verb,"intr. to be or draw n. yin kus(s)a, kus(s)ata or kus(s)anta; to draw n. dunno; to draw n. to gwamatsi b 15, rabe"
+nearly,adverb,kus(s)a; it is n. finished ya yi kus(s)a kare or ya kus(s)a kare
+necessary,adjective,wajib or wajib
+"necessary, to be",verb,"wajaba, wajabu or wajiba, lazumche, kamata; imperat. it is n. ya wajiba, ya kamata, lal(l)e ne"
+necessity,noun,"larura, sharutsa; of n. da lal(l)e, da tilas, da wuya"
+neck,noun,"wuya or wiya, pl. wuyayi or wiyayi"
+neck ornament,noun,hanchi
+"neck-hole, of shirt",noun,wundi
+"neckband, of horsehair etc.",noun,teggia
+"necklace, of beads",noun,kutofi; (worn by women) dimbuyin zufa
+need,noun,bukata
+need,verb,"bukata b 4, yin bukata; cf. prec"
+needle,noun,"alura, pl. alurai, alibra, madinika, tafasawa; spec. large n. siko; a sail-n. masilla"
+needle-case,noun,gid(a)an alura
+"needlework, on a burnous, yellow",noun,yaran(m)i
+needy,adjective,"makaskachi, pl. makaskasta, talaka, pl. talakawa, maitalaka, pl. masutalaka, maitalauchi, pl. masutalauchi"
+neglect,transitive verb,"kiala, rena"
+"neglect, of work",noun,huja
+neigh,intransitive verb,yin haninia
+neighbour,noun,"makofchi or makubchi, fem. makopta, pl. makopta"
+neighing,noun,haninia
+neither,adverb,ko; after a neg. neither...nor ko...ko
+nerve,noun,"jiya, pl. jiyoyi"
+nest,noun,"shek(k)a, pl. shek(k)una and shek(k)oki, guribi"
+net,noun,"taru, pl. taruna; spec. names for fishing-nets also raf(f)a, raga, pl. ragogi, koma"
+network,noun,aikin raga
+never,adverb,expressed by v. tabba with negative
+nevertheless,adverb,"saiko, tare da wanan, koda"
+new,adjective,"ṣábo, fem. ṣábua, pl. ṣábi; anything n. (= strange, evil) bidaa f 25; the n. moon ṣábon wata, farin wata"
+next,adverb,(as a qualification of nouns of time) gobe
+"nibbling, of ants",noun,tausan gara a 44
+nice,adjective,da dadi; something n. abin dadi
+niggard,adjective,bahili
+nigh,adverb,kus(a) or da kus(a)a; n. to kus(a)a da or kus(a)a ga
+night,noun,dere or der(r)i; all n. dere duka; at or by n. da dere; good night! san(n)e da dere and sai da safe; last n. jia da dere; it is n. dunia ta yi dere; to go by n. bin dere; to pass the n. wuni; when n. comes or came da dere ya yi
+"nine, num. tara, e.g. n. horses dawaki tara",noun,"hundred dari tara, by nines tara tara"
+"no, to say",verb,"han(n)a, ki, kia; cf. kawu̇a kai"
+"nod, to, in assent",verb,"kada kai, ged(d)a kai"
+noise,noun,"am(m)o, dum(m)i, hagania or hania; loud and angry n. hargowa"
+none,adjective,"bahu (or ba) wonda, bahu (or ba) kowa, bahu, the last applied to things; n. used of persons bahu mutum"
+nonsense,noun,"uwawa, uwawanchi; he talks n. shina magana barkatai"
+noon,noun,tsak(i)an rana
+noose,noun,"gen. zarge, pl. zarguna; spec. a n. for catching animals mazarigi, maazargi, azarigagi"
+nor,adverb,ko with negative
+north,noun,ariwa or ariwawa; on the n. or to the n. da ariwa
+"northern, the, region",noun,ariwachi
+nose,noun,"hanchi or hanshi, pl. hanchochi; the bridge of the n. goran hanchi; a man with flattened n. maihanchi nanane"
+nostrils,noun,"hanchi or hanshi, pl. hanchochi"
+not,adverb,ba
+note,verb,duba or dubo
+nothing,noun,"babu, babu komi, ba...komi or ba komi ba"
+notwithstanding,adverb,"suiko, tare da wannan, koda"
+nought,noun,see nothing
+novel,adjective,"(= strange) bako, fem. bakua, pl. bakuna, baki or bakokuna, da bako"
+novelty,noun,"(= strangeness) bakonchi, bakontaka"
+now,adverb,"yanzu, koyanzu, lokaçhinan; even n. koyanzu, yanzu yanzu; just n. yauyan or"
+nude,adjective,see naked
+"numb, to be",verb,see numbness
+number,noun,"guda, lisafi or lesafi; five in n. guda biyar; without n., beyond n., is expressed by fi kedaya"
+number,transitive verb,"lisafi or lesafi, kilga or kirga"
+"numbering, method of",noun,"kedaya, kididiga"
+numbness,noun,"dela, my hands are numb dela ya kama hanuana lit. n. has seized my hands"
+numerous,adjective,see many
+nurse,noun,"maireno, pl. masureno"
+nurse,transitive verb,reno
+nut,noun,"the small edible ground n. guchia, gujia or gojia, pl. gujeje, the ground n. called also the monkey-n. ged(d)a, monkey-n. oil main ged(d)a; a large n. similar to ground n. kuwaruru, yaro da daria; hazel n. chanza; a n. which when ground and burnt furnishes a scent jawel; a dried-up n. koda"
+oak,noun,gwinki
+oath,noun,"rantsua, safirchi; to take an o. ranche and yin rantsua; a common oath is wolla, i.e. by allah!"
+obduracy,noun,"taurin zuciya, matauria zuciya"
+obdurate,adjective,da taurin zuciya
+"obedience, give ready, to",transitive verb,kiyaye
+"obeisance, do",verb,"yin sajada, runsuna or rusona, yin af(f)i, he did o. to him ya yi masa affi"
+obey,transitive verb,"bi, ji; to o. a command kiyaye magana, also bi (or ji) magana"
+object,noun,abu
+object,transitive verb,ki; to o. to labour etc. yin kiwuya; to o. to an agreement walwale
+objection,noun,kiwuya or kujirua
+obliterate,transitive verb,see blot out
+"observance, religious",noun,ada
+observe,transitive verb,see notice
+observe,transitive verb,(= to comply with
+obtain,transitive verb,"same, sami, sama, samo"
+"obtained, to be",verb,samu
+obvious,adjective,bayyana
+obviously,adverb,bayyana
+ocassion,noun,"(= time of an occurrence) lot(i)u, lokaci"
+occupation,noun,"(= a being occupied or busied) shag(g)ali, sheg(g)eli, shug(g)eli or shag-(g)alt"
+occupation,noun,"(= a trade, profession etc.) gona"
+odd,adjective,"bako, da bako"
+oddity,noun,"(= strangeness) bakonchi, bakontaka"
+odour,noun,"wari and wardi, very frequently of a bad, disagreeable odour, so also doii or doyi; an agreeable or sweet o. kamshi; concr. a thing producing an agreeable o. or scent abin kamshi; to get or emit a bad o. zama wari, yin wari, ruba or riba; to perceive such an o. jin wari"
+of,preposition,"(genitive) na, fem. ta; also expressed by the connective forms in -n (a contraction of na)"
+off,adverb,"e.g. far off, at a distance off dag(g)a nesa; to be o. (= depart) taf(f)i; to come o. (= happen) faru; to go o. (= escape) fichi, chira, guda; to take o. (= to mimic, personate) koikoiyo"
+offence,noun,(= displeasure) haushi; to feel o. jin haushi
+offence,noun,"(= transgression, sin) zamba or zamba, zunufi or zunubi, pl. zunufai"
+offence,noun,"(= an annoyance) alale, abin alale"
+offend,transitive verb,"(= to commit a transgression) yin zamba, yin zunufi"
+offend,transitive verb,(= to annoy) alale
+"offer, in bargaining, to make an",verb,"taya, taia or tayi, also yin tayi"
+officer,noun,"zarumi, zaromi, zarmi or jarumi, pl. zarumai; spec. o. at court turaki, maigida; royal o. bango, makama, dogar"
+officers,noun,"a king's o. fadawa, q.v.; spec. one of the chief o. maji; one of the court o. at zaria sarikin makira"
+official,noun,"gal(l)adima, pl. gal(l)adimai; on the precedence of officials see vol. i. gal(l)adima; title of an o. at court manzo"
+offspring,noun,"dia or diya, iri, pl. irare"
+often,adverb,"palinwata, sauturi"
+oil,noun,"mai; any dark o. alajed(d)i; spec. o. obtained from nuts, used for rubbing camels zurma; o. from ground or monkey nut main geɗ(d)a; o. from the kwakuwa palm main ja, alayed(d)i; o. from coriander seed main rid'i; o. from the seeds of the shea-butter tree main kedanya and dankon kedanya; large fish from which oil for eating is obtained gini, also zaa"
+oinment,noun,"main shafewa, jíbda"
+old,adjective,"tsofo, fem. tsofua, pl. tsofi and tsofi; o. age tsufa; to grow o. tsofa, tsofe, tsufa and yin tsufa; he is o. yayinsa ya wuche; o. man with bent back talkoko"
+"old, of",adverb,"cf. da, daa and lokachindai; as of o. koman nada"
+"olden, in...time",adverb,phr. see prec
+"olive, tree",noun,zaitî (the olive is not found in hausaland itself)
+on,preposition,bis(a) or abis(s)a
+once,adverb,sau (or so) daia; to do a thing o. tab(b)a
+onion,noun,"albasa, pl. albasa; wild o. halbki; spec. onions cooked in soup taushi; dried leaves of onions lawaishi"
+only,adjective,"and adv. makadaichi or mukadaichi, kaal(d)ai, sai, saidai, kauwe or kauwi, buss"
+onwards,adverb,"gab(b)a, da gab(b)a; to go o. (= to advance) yin gab(b)a, chin gab(b)a"
+onyx,noun,moosham
+ooze,intransitive verb,"also = to o. out, zub(b)a, zub(b)o or zuba"
+open,transitive verb,"buda, hude or budi, wari"
+"open, to be",verb,budu; to lay o. tona and tone; cf. seq
+opening,noun,"( = aperture) baki, pl. bakuna; ( = hole) baria; ( = commencement) farawa"
+openly,adverb,"abude, sar(r)ari, asar(r)ari"
+opine,intransitive verb,"tamaha (used with pres. forms in na), yin tamaha"
+opponent,noun,"abokin gab(b)a, cf. enemy"
+opportunity,noun,"dama, tsarafi"
+oppose,verb,"han(n)a, kar(r)a, kar(r)o, yin kar(r)o, cf. conflict"
+oppress,transitive verb,"tsane, tsani and tsanache"
+oppressed,participle,"adj. makaskuchi, pl. makaskasta"
+oppression,noun,alhalci
+or,conjunction,ko. the correlatives either...or ko...ko
+orb,noun,"guda, its o. gudanta d 64"
+"ordeal, by water",noun,gwaska
+order,verb,"hakumta or hakumche, yin umorni, kaderu; the last used of god"
+order,noun,"( = custom, rule or method of procedure) ada, tada, alada"
+order,noun,( = a command) hakumchi or hukumchi
+order,noun,"adv. phr. in o. ( = in good order, correct) daidai; conj. in o. that domin, don, en, harda"
+ordered,participle,"( = arranged) shiriyayye, fem. shiriyayya, pl. shiriyayu"
+ordinance,noun,"sheria, pl. sheriai"
+ordure,noun,kashi
+"ore, iron",noun,tam(m)a
+origin,noun,"mafari, usali; the o. of a fable or story, i.e. what the fable explains or accounts for dalili"
+ornament,noun,abst. ( = embellishment) ado
+ornament,noun,"concr. ornaments kayan ado; spec. o. for neck hanci; o. on horse's head chakasabura; wrist o. of iron, ivory, etc. warami, pl. waramai"
+ornamental,adjective,na ado
+orphan,noun,"maraya, fem. marainia, pl. marayu"
+oryx,noun,marea
+ostrich,noun,jim(mi)ina
+otherwise,conjunction,"fache, balshe, bashe"
+out,adverb,woje
+outdo,transitive verb,"(= surpass) fi, faye"
+outgo,transitive verb,"(= surpass) fi, (go beyond) gochi, goche"
+outrun,transitive verb,"rig(g)a, rig(g)aya or rig(g)ayi, tseri"
+outside,adverb,"awoje, woje and dag(g)a woje; o. the town bayan birni"
+outward,adverb,dag(g)a waje
+oven,noun,"tanda, tanderu"
+over,adverb,"(= left, remaining) to be o. wonza and wonsu, what is o., n. burbishi; to be o. (= be finished) kare; it is o. ya kare; o. and above, prepositional phr. bamda; o., prep. bis(a), abis(a), with or without ga"
+overcharge,noun,(= an excessive price) kura
+overcharge,verb,(= to charge an excessive price) shirga with
+overcome,transitive verb,"rinjaye or rinjaya, fuskare, i; the last used with ma"
+overflow,intransitive verb,(of rivers) yin gibi
+overpower,transitive verb,"ka(s)she, ka(s)shi or ḵisa, g̱ary̱ara, buaye; he overpowered me ya buayeni"
+overtake,transitive verb,"tarda or taras̱a, ishe; fig"
+overthrow,transitive verb,birkichi or birkiche; giche or gichi; jiṟkita or jiṟkiche; jefas̱ada
+overturn,transitive verb,"tankada, juya; the latter used with da"
+owe,transitive verb,expressed by n. bashi (debt)
+owl,noun,"mujiya, pl. mujiye"
+own,transitive verb,"expressed by ga (with pronouns gare), the pres. form in na with da; ke, fem. che with da; and by the forms in mai-"
+own,adjective,"e.g. my o. nawa, with fem. obj. tawa; cf. h. g. p. 17"
+owner,noun,"maichi, maiabu; connective form maiabin; the forms in mai- frequently express ownership"
+ox,noun,"sa, pl. shanu; kurtumi, pl. kurtumai; pack o. with wide spreading horns takarikari, pl. takarikarai"
+"pack, tied up",noun,rizuma
+"pack, up, to",transitive verb,"(e.g. a load) labda, gara"
+pack-saddle,noun,"surdi, pl. suradi and surduna"
+package,noun,"kaya, pl. kayayeki; kabak(k)i, pl. kaboka"
+packet (e.g. of paper not written on),noun,rizuma
+pad,noun,(placed on donkey) akumari; (on head of carriers) gum(m)o
+paddle,transitive verb,tunkuda jirigi
+"paddle, used as a rudder",noun,matuki
+pagan,noun,"coll. asna or arna; in a less strict sense (= unbeliever) kafiri, pl. kafirai and kafirawa"
+paganism,noun,"addini na (asna or) arna or addinin asna, kafrichi"
+"page, of a book",noun,"waraka, taba'an takarda, shafi"
+pain,noun,"zafi, azaba, gobara, maṣiba, wohal(l)a or waha(l)a; labour pains wohal(l)an haif̱ua; sharp p. zogi; to feel p. jin zafi, shag(g)e or sag(g)e; he feels p. (i.e. on receiving punishment) ya riƙe lawura"
+pain,transitive verb,jima
+painful,adjective,"da zafi, da wuya, da zogi"
+"palace, royal",noun,"fada, pl. fadodi, dandalin sariki; owner of a p. maikasaru, found at f 55"
+palate,noun,dabori
+palaver,noun,"alameri, shaucora"
+"palm, of hand",noun,"tafin hannu, bayan hannu, kaf(f)a, pl. kafaft or kafafe"
+"pan, cooking, brass, with handle",noun,algideri or alkideri
+panic,noun,"(= sudden terror) tunzurua, tinzera, razan(n)a"
+"pannier, grass",noun,"gufa or gufata, adila"
+pant,intransitive verb,"sheda and yin sheda, sheshaka"
+panther,noun,"rabji, spec. a small, ill-smelling p. tunku"
+pap,noun,"(of the breast) nono, pl. nonua"
+papaw,noun,see pawpaw
+paper,noun,"takarda, pl. takardu; a p. (= a document) taya; sheet of p. taba'an takarda"
+parable,noun,"michali, misali or machali; to speak in parables yin nachali d 94; almarar"
+paradise,noun,aljenna
+"paragraph, of the koran",noun,izufi
+"parallel, that which is, or like",adjective,mainelki
+"parallel, to make",transitive verb,daidaíta
+paralyzed,adjective,maiwudawau
+parasite,noun,(= a hanger on at others' tables) maiikwarika
+parch,transitive verb,surya; also soiya and suya
+parched,participle,"soiyaye or soiyeye, fem. soiyaya, pl. soiyayu"
+pardon,noun,gafara and gaferta
+pardon,transitive verb,"gafara, yin gaferta, yafe; as a polite expr. i beg your p. = excuse me gafara or ka gafara mani"
+parent,noun,"mahaifi, pl. mahaifa"
+parents,noun,"uwaaye, iyaye; cf. also prec"
+parrot,noun,aku
+part,noun,"rab(b)i, rabo or rabu, pl. raberibi, wari, shashi or sashi"
+part,transitive verb,"(= to separate) rab(b)i or rib(b)i b 57, 58"
+parting,noun,raba
+partition,noun,"(i.e. wall) shamak(k)i, pl. shamak(k)ai"
+partner,noun,"kama, pl. kamanu"
+"partridge, red-legged",noun,"makerua, fakara"
+paschal lamb or ram,noun,ragon laya
+pass,verb,"wuche, wushe or fuche; to p. anyone on the path gochi or goche; to p. the night kwana, kwanta, wuni; to p. away shude, shuda, shudi or shutes, wuche, wushe or fuche, or fuch, lulachi, wulga, wulge or wurga; to p. by wulga, wulge or wurga, wuche, wushe or fuche; to p. over (= to cross) ketare, (= to skip words in book) ratsa, chingara"
+"passer-by, rapid",noun,shavagi
+passing away,adjective,"(used of this world) maiata or mayata d 85, f 37"
+passionateness,noun,harara
+"passover, feast corresponding with*",noun,sal(l)an laya
+"past, the",noun,"(= former times) da, baya"
+pastor,noun,"(= shepherd) makiyayi or makiyayi, pl. makiyaya"
+pasture,transitive and intransitive verb,(= to graze) kiwo
+pasture ground,noun,wurin kiwo
+patch,noun,"banke, shafi, fit(o)"
+patch,transitive verb,"(of cloth, clothes) banke"
+path,noun,"turuba, pl. turubobi, hainya or haya, hainyogi, tafariki, tafarki, tafarke or tafarika, pl. tafarokoki, karamata; a straight p. hainya sosai; a narrow p. hainya maiisai; fig. the p. of religion or conduct hainya or tafariki"
+patience,noun,"hankuri, hankura or hakora; a man of extraordinary p. rakumin allah; to show p. (to be patient), yin or the forms ending in -na followed by hankuri"
+pawpaw,noun,i.e. both the tree and the fruit gonda or gwanda
+pay,noun,"lada, bia or biya"
+pay,transitive verb,"bia, rama, also used in the sense of requite and reward; to p. a debt bia (or"
+payment,noun,see pay
+peace,noun,"lafiya (lit. safety, cf. also amīchi g 4)"
+peace-maker,noun,masakanche
+peak,noun,kai
+"peal, of thunder",noun,"tsawa, cf. b 139"
+pearl,noun,murjani; idon zaura (!); pearls coll. kwoin kifi
+peck,transitive verb,koto
+peculiarity,noun,"(of animate beings) hal(l)i, pl. hal(l)ai"
+peel,noun,"(of fruits, etc.) kofa, kwofa or kwa̱fa, pl. koso̱fi or kwo̱so̱fi"
+peel,transitive verb,"intr. to p. or p. off, as the skin from a blister sali, soli or soale"
+peg,noun,maratayi
+pelican,noun,"kwasakwasa, jin-jimi (!)"
+"pelt, to, with",transitive verb,e.g. to p. with stones jefa da duatsu
+pen,noun,"(for writing) alkalami, pl. alkalamai"
+pen,noun,"(enclosure for sheep, etc.) garike, gerke, pl. garikuna, gerkuna, turike, tuke, ruga"
+"pendant, stone, worn by women",noun,"talhatina, pl. talhatin"
+pennisetum,noun,"p. distichum karangia, karengia or karingia; p. typhoideum acha"
+people,noun,"mutum, pl. of mutum (in the sense of population and persons generally)"
+pepper,noun,"berkono, of which a small kind is called berkono defu, a large berkono tatasai, yaji b 17; spec. a small p. tamka; a small red p. chil(i)a, kol(e); fruit of large tree, ground, hot like p. kimbu; hot berries like p. masoro; a bush producing a kind of p. chitafo"
+peradventure,adverb,"wotakila, hal(l)ama"
+perceive,transitive verb,gen. (= to apprehend by the senses) ji; to p. by sight gan(n)i
+perceive,transitive verb,"(of comprehending, understanding) fahimta or fahumta, ji and also"
+perfect,adjective,ingatachi g 7; to be p. chik(k)a
+perfect,transitive verb,chik(k)a; to be p.; cf. prec
+perforate,transitive verb,"fuda or huda, sosoke; cf. pierce"
+perforce,adverb,"tilas, da tilas"
+perfume,noun,see odour
+perhaps,adverb,"wotakila, lal(l)a-ma, waushi (†)"
+peril,noun,see danger
+perish,intransitive verb,"(to be spoiled, wasted or destroyed in any way) bata, bache"
+perjury,noun,kapara; to commit p. (= to swear falsely) yin kapara
+permanence,noun,"tabbata, tabbatu, tabbetawa"
+permanent,adjective,matabbata
+permission,noun,"yerji or yerje, yerda"
+permit,transitive verb,see allow
+perplex,transitive verb,dame or dama
+"perplexed, to be",intransitive verb,damu; one who is p. machiachi
+perplexity,noun,tinzera
+persecute,transitive verb,"has(a)da, wobalashe"
+persecutor,noun,mai(has(a)di
+person,noun,"mutum, pl. mutane, also (with or without mutum mutane) woni or wani, fem. wota, pl. wosne, wosu or wodansu"
+perspiration,noun,"jiji(b)i, gum(m)i, zufa"
+perspire,intransitive verb,"jiji(b)i, zufa"
+persuade,transitive verb,"lalashi or lilashi, biko"
+persuaded,participle,"pass. (= sure or certain) is expressed by means of tabbata, san(n)i, etc"
+pervert,transitive verb,(= to lead from truth or right) rude
+perverted,particle,"pass. (= misled) rudade, fem. rudada, pl. rudadu; to be p. rudu b 52"
+pestilence,noun,aloba
+"pestle, large",noun,"kayan dakka; (of wood) tabaria, pl. tabare"
+physic,noun,"(= medicine) magani, pl. maganguna and magunguna"
+physician,noun,"maimágani, pl. masumágani"
+picked,particle,"pass. (= chosen) zababe, fem. zababa, pl. zababu"
+picking a thing off the ground,participle,"n. tsintua, sintua"
+picture,noun,"misali, michali, kama, pl. kamansu; his p. misalinsa or kamansa"
+piece,noun,"wari; small p. of anything chibiri or chibari, guzura, pl. guzure, tarfi, guntu; the last in phr. guntun abu q.v"
+"pieces, to tear to",transitive verb,tsatsaga
+pierce,transitive verb,"fuda or huda, fuji, soka, soke or soki, yin sakia; intensives, to p. many holes fufuyi; to p. through sosoke"
+piercing,noun,e.g. of the skin by an arrow sakia
+pig,noun,"(domestic) gurusuna or gurusunu, gado"
+pigeon,noun,"tantabara, tandabara, pl. tantabaru and tandabaru; large species of wood p. tankerike; wild p. berdo, pl. berdaye; a bird larger than p. with red rim round eyes hasbia or harbia"
+pike,noun,"(= spear) mashi or maji, pl. maasuka"
+pile,noun,"(= heap) taru or taro, pl. tarori"
+pile up,transitive verb,"tara, tatara, had-(d)a; pass. to be piled up anhad(d)a a 51"
+pilfer,verb,"sata, yin sata, sache or sache"
+pilferer,noun,maisata
+pilgrim,noun,háji; pilgrims mahajta
+pilgrimage,noun,háji; to go on the p. háji and taf(f)i háji
+pill,noun,chibiri or chibari
+pillage,noun,(= booty) abin kwache
+pillage,transitive verb,kwache
+pillar,noun,ginshiki or gumshiki
+pillow,noun,matashin kai
+pin,noun,"tsiko, pl. tsikuna, tsinki"
+pincers,noun,"kwagua; small p. hanasiki or ansaki, madebin kaya"
+pinch,transitive verb,"tsakura or tsakara, tsumki or tsumki"
+"pinch of, to take",verb,"tsakura or tsakara, guzura"
+pinnacle,noun,kokua
+"pipe, tobacco.",noun,tukunnian taba
+pistol,noun,"akodi, akotia; small p. algaderia"
+pit,noun,"rami, pl. ramuna, ganwa"
+pitch,transitive verb,spec. to p. a tent kaf(f)a lema
+pitcher,noun,"tulu, pl. tulina, tukunia, pl. tukane, also pronounced tukwane or tukuane, randa, pl. randuna"
+pitfall,noun,"hak(k)o, pl. hak(k)oki"
+pitiful,adjective,"(= compassionate) imani, mitalafi"
+pity,noun,"tausai also tausayé, sauna; to have or feel p. yin (or jin) tausai or tausayie, jika; what a p.! abin tausayie"
+pity,transitive verb,cf. prec
+place,noun,"wuri, pl. wurare, woje, pl. wosashe, big(e)ri or bikri; (= district, country) gari; an uninhabited p. dawa; in circumlocution to supply the want of various special nouns and adjectives"
+place,transitive verb,"sa, sainya"
+plague,transitive verb,(= to vex) wohaishe; cf. annoy
+plague,noun,"(= pestilential disease) aloba, also (of both men and cattle) rangaz(z)a; 'he caught the p.' turn by 'the p. caught him' aloba ta kamashi (or sameshi)"
+plague,noun,(= providential visitation) azaba; 3
+plain,noun,"fili, pl. filaye, sar(r)ari, karikara or karkara, pl. kar-karuri and karkaroni, kanga or kangas; the battle p. kangan faud(a)a; a wide p. baiala or bayala"
+plain,adjective,"(of language simple and open) sar(r)ari and asar-(r)ari, these words also = plainly"
+plainly,adverb,cf. prec
+plait,transitive verb,"tubka, tufka or tupka, kis(o)o, yin kis(o)o"
+"plaiting, of hair",noun,"doka, kis(o)o; p. of hair in two lines jaki; hasty p. of woman's hair kumbuchi"
+plan,noun,"(= scheme, device) wayo and waya"
+plank,noun,"faskari, gungunie, pl. gungumai, rumpa, pl. rum-funa"
+"planks, to make into",verb,yin faskari
+plant,noun,"special names of plants, most of which are not as yet identified: an aquatic p. shalla; p. from which a scent is procured jiji; p. from which native ropes are made ramma; a p. the leaves of which are used as medicine raidoe; a leguminous p. zamarke; a medicinal p. (senna†) filasko; a p. resembling a tomato gauta, pl. gautaye; a p. with edible root mirmitiro; a p. with red flower and poisonous nut chini da zugu"
+plant,transitive verb,"(= to set or sow in the ground) shipka or shuka, yin shipka, dessa the last of planting trees"
+plant,transitive verb,(= to set or place) sa
+plantain,noun,"ayaba applied both to tree and fruit, also used to denote the banana"
+planter,noun,"manomi and monomi, pl. monoma"
+"planting, of seeds",noun,biso
+plaster,transitive verb,(of walls etc.) yabe
+plate,noun,(flat plates are not used by the hausas) see dish
+play,noun,"(= the doing of anything for amusement) worigi, ge-auga; hail to you at your p. (salutation to persons at p.) sanmunka da worigi"
+play,verb,"(of sport, amusement) yin worigi; (of music) yin wasa, yin kididi; the last particularly applied to instruments struck or beaten"
+"player, on drum",noun,makidi; spec. p. on the kalango drum kuntukuro
+playing,noun,"(of amusement) wo-rigi, geauga; (of music and"
+plaything,noun,abin worigi; spec. p. made from a seed pod kacho-kacho
+pleasant,adjective,"maidadi, da dadi"
+please,transitive verb,"sa dadi, gam(m)a and gamshe"
+"pleased, to feel",intransitive verb,jin dadi
+pleasure,noun,"(= agreeable sensation or emotion) dadi, nima; (a gratification) abin dadi, abin murna"
+pledge,noun,jingina or jinji̱na; p. held for money owing kamua
+pledge,transitive verb,(= to leave anything as a p.) jingina or jinji̱na
+plentifully,adverb,tari
+plenty,noun,"yawa, dagawa, kar(r)i, tari, tululu"
+plot,noun,"wayo, waja; to form a p. gam(m)a"
+plough,noun,spec. large hoe bent back like a small p. galma or garma
+"plover, kind of",noun,damarguwa
+pluck,transitive verb,"chira, chire, chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro; (to p. fruit etc.) tsinki, tsunka, tsinko; (to p. a fowl) fige or figi"
+"plum, sort of",noun,"gawasa, pl. gawasai, gawasuna and gawasoshi"
+plunder,noun,"abin kwache, kwache or kwashe"
+plunder,transitive verb,kwache or kwashe
+plunge,transitive verb,intr. fadi
+plural,noun,(grammatical term) dagawa
+pocket,noun,"aljifi or aljifa, pl. aljifu or aljifuna"
+pod,noun,"(of nuts, beans etc.) kobsa, kopsa or kobbo"
+poem,noun,"(in the sense of metrical composition, song) waka; to compose a p. id"
+poet,noun,maiwaka
+point,noun,"kokua, tsini; points above or below letters wagali"
+"point, out",transitive verb,"nuna or nuni, god(d)a or goda"
+pointed,adjective,"tsini or zini, da tsini"
+poison,noun,def(f)i or daf(f)i (for
+poisonous,adjective,cf. prec.; spec. a p. plant guba q. v.; a plant with p. nut chini (la zugu); a p. tree zanyarami
+pole,noun,"gumshiki or gimshiki which also = middle supporting p. of house; p. of tent tankari; poles used in supporting a tent coll. shikasiliki, pl. shikaslikai; cf. post"
+polish,transitive verb,yogi or goge
+pollute,transitive verb,"yin haram, kasanta, kazanta"
+polluted,adjective,"janaba, kazami"
+pollution,noun,gen. kazanta
+pollution,noun,"(= religious or ceremonial uncleanness) haram, abin haram"
+pomegranate,noun,rimmani
+pommel,noun,(of a saddle) see peak
+pommel,transitive verb,"(= to beat) buya, bubuga, cf. beat"
+pomp,noun,sitira or sutura
+pond,noun,"a small p. gebe; a large stagnant p. bing'i, kurdu-du(f)fi, kududuf(f)i or kunduduf(f)i, tapki; spec. the p. of paradise kundumi; we shall be brought to the p. of the prophet, we shall drink and wash akainu kundumi ya rasulu mu sha mu wanka d 76; cf. pool"
+pony,noun,kuru and doki kuru
+pool,noun,"tabki, tapki or tafki, rafi, pl. rafuna or rafafuta, fadama; cf. pond"
+poor,adjective,"talaka, pl. talakawa, makaskachi, pl. makaskata"
+"poor person, a.",noun,"talaka, mai-talaka, maistia, majinuchi"
+porch,noun,"shigifa or shegifa, pl. shigifu and shigifofi, katanga; spec. a small p. shirai; a p. with double entrance zaure, pl. zauruka"
+porcupine,noun,"begua, makibia (lit. possessor of arrows)"
+porridge,noun,"fura; spec. p. of guinea-corn and rice suruki; p. of beans, guinea-corn or (in n. africa) macaroni wasawasa; p. was made for them and they took it anji masu fura sunka sha"
+porter,noun,see carrier
+portion,noun,"rabo or rabu, pl. raberibi; a p. (when one of two or more portions) shashi or sashi"
+possess,transitive verb,by ke with da
+possession,noun,abstr
+possession,noun,"concr. pl. possessions dukia, samu"
+possessor,noun,"maiabu connective maiabin, mai shi; the idea is often expressed by the prefix mai-"
+possibly,adverb,see perhaps
+post,noun,"(of door) kobirin kofa, hako; p. for supporting roof jigo, pl. jiguna"
+posterior,adjective,"(both of time and space) baya or baya, nabaya, fem. tabaya"
+postpone,transitive verb,"fasa, cf. delay"
+postponing,participle,n. fasawa
+pot,noun,"(of earth or iron) tukunia, pl. tukane, tukoane and tukwane, a sing. coll. tukunya a 84; earthen p. karifi or karipi; large earthen p. randa, pl. randuna; large earthen p. used as oven tanda or tandaru; water p. tulu, pl. tuluna"
+"potato, sweet",noun,"dankali; various species are: gwaza or goza, pl. gwazuna and gwozoyi, kulaku; a white species lauer"
+potent,adjective,"isheshe, fem. ishashia, pl. ishasu; cf. powerful"
+potter,noun,"maitukunia, pl. masutukunia, majimibua"
+pouch,noun,"tunbi, pl. tumbuna, a sort of leathern p. sabira; p. or crop of a bird maroro or malolo"
+poultry,noun,"kaji, pl. of kaza or kasa fowl"
+pound,noun,"(of 12 ounces) rofel, sometimes pronounced roti"
+pound,transitive verb,dandaka or dendaki
+pour,transitive and intransitive verb,"(= also to pour out, down, off, away, etc.) zub(b)a, zub(b)o or guba; tr. only zub(b)as, zubasda and zubda"
+"poured, to be p. out like wheat through a sieve or like water",intransitive verb,tarara
+"pout the lips at, to",verb,"(in derision) zunde, and yin zunde"
+poverty,noun,"talauchi, tãla, machiachi"
+powder,noun,(= gunpowder) albarus or albawud
+powder,transitive verb,(= to reduce to p.) dadaga
+power,noun,"(= faculty of doing or causing anything) iko, pl. ikoki"
+power,noun,"(= great p., bodily or material strength) karfi or kurfi, pl. karafa or karifuna"
+power,noun,"(= political or social p., authority, influence) hãkumi"
+power,noun,"(= surpassing p., excellence) fiko"
+powerful,adjective,"gen. isheshe, fem. ishaslia, pl. ishassu, maitiko"
+powerful,adjective,"(cf. prec. 2.) mai-karfi, pl. masukarifi"
+powerful,adjective,spec. applied to god kaderi a 59; of. mighty
+powerfully,adverb,da karfi
+practice,noun,sabo
+"practised, be",intransitive verb,saba
+praise,noun,"yab(b)o, kirari, the last also = self-p.; (of praising god) shukra, tasabaha, subhana b 1"
+praise,transitive verb,"yab(b)o, 'yab(b)a, shukru; yin yab(b)o and yin kirari f 240; also expressed by nouns of prec. with the present forms in na"
+praised,participle,"adj. yeb(b)abe, fem. yeb(b)aba, pl. yeb(b)abu"
+pray,transitive verb,"(whether of prayers to god or requests to men) roko, roko, roka, roke; construed with an acc. of the person b 4 or with ga (before pronouns gare) b 155, 156; the thing asked is expressed either by the acc"
+prayer,noun,"addua, sal(l)a, aṣṣalatu or aṣsalati; the last also spec. = call to p. at early dawn, call to p. circ. 4 p.m. azuhur or tsohor; the man who calls to p. lada; leader in p. limam, pl. limami; prayers said by a mallam at a funeral alfatia; time of p. about 10 a.m. wollata"
+"prays, one who",noun,maisal(l)ati
+preach,verb,"wa'atsi and wa'atsu, colloquially wazi and wazu, yin wa'atsi or yin wazi, etc"
+preaching,noun,"wa'atsi, wa'atsu, wazi, wazu"
+precious,adjective,(= costly) da tsada
+prefer,transitive verb,fis(s)o
+"preferable, to be",intransitive verb,"see better, l"
+pregnant,adjective,da ciki(k)i
+preparation,noun,"shiri, shiriwa, tatali or taltali; he makes p. ya yi shiri ya yi tatali d 86; jajebbera, in a religious sense"
+prepare,transitive verb,"gen. gara, gara, 'gara or gera"
+prepared,participle,"form shirigaye, fem. shirigayya, pl. shirigayu; those who are p. maushiria"
+present,noun,keauta
+presently,adverb,(= soon after the present time) yanzu yanzu; (= immediately) nan da nan
+preserve,transitive verb,"kiyaye; in a looser sense chira, q.v.; may god p. us allah shi samu chiraro d 74; to p. from sit(i)ra or sutura"
+president of the market,noun,surikin kasua
+press,transitive verb,"taushe or tausa, mache, machi or matse, damfare, dankira; to p. down tawaya or tauwi, dunde"
+pressed,participle,"adj. tauskeshe, fem. tauskeshia, pl. tauskeshu"
+presser,noun,instr. mataushi found
+pressing,participle,n. taushewa
+pretend,verb,"maida kunsa, ria"
+prevail over,verb,rinjayi or rinjaya; also expressed by means of fi
+prevent,transitive verb,"han(n)a, tankosa or tankwas(a)s(a), dakile, tare; to p. a person's leaving hume"
+previous,adjective,"nafari, fem. tafari; (if the time be long p.) nada"
+previously,adverb,dafari
+prey,noun,see booty
+prey,noun,(= food of an animal of p.) nama
+price,noun,"kurdi, antaya, tamani, haki"
+prick,transitive verb,"soka, soke or soki; to p. much (intens.) seoske"
+prickle,noun,"(on grass, etc.) kaya, pl. kayayua"
+pride,noun,"foma, tama, girman kai e 25, tashinkai, jinkai, fadin zuchia, fadin rai, guri, fahari or fahri"
+prince,noun,"amiru; (= son of a king) maina, dan sariki; princes sarakuna"
+prison,noun,kurkuku
+procession,noun,"jera, jere or jire; spec. a royal p. banga banga or bunga bunga, an annual p., with a sacrifice, in the direction of mecca idi q.v"
+proclaim,verb,(= to make an official announcement or order) yin shela
+proclaim,verb,"gen. (= to announce or publish) laberta, haberta"
+proclaim,verb,spec. to p. the end of the fast yin gangamin azumi
+proclamation,noun,(= an official public announcement or order) shela
+proclamation,noun,"(= deliverance of religious or moral instruction) wa'atsi, wa'atsu, waxi or wazu"
+procrastinate,verb,see delay
+procreate,verb,(= to generate and also to produce) haife or haife
+procure,transitive verb,"same, sama, samo and samu"
+produce,noun,"cf. obtain, dia or diya, yaya"
+produce,transitive verb,to p. young or fruit
+"profanely, to act",verb,e.g. he acted p. ya yi aubon allah
+profess,transitive verb,(a religion)
+profession,noun,(of an art or craft) gon(n)i; the termination -chi is often used to denote a person's p
+profit,noun,"(both lawful and unlawful) kura, riba; unlawful p. harámia; to make a p. chin riba; a man who sells a second time at a p. maisari; men who make unlawful p. masuriba da kura f 201"
+"profitable, to be",verb,yin moria
+profligate,noun,"a p. ashegi; a p. man fasiki or fariki, pl. fasikai, maijin zina, maizina, pl. masu zina; a p. woman fasika and farika"
+profligate,adjective,sheg(i)ye or shege; to be p. yin zina
+prohibition,noun,doka
+prolong,transitive and intransitive verb,"dad(d)i also pron. deddi, tauwo, wanzu and wonzu"
+promenade,intransitive verb,"yawo, also pronounced yáwó, yin yawo, shuwaki"
+promise,noun,"alkaweli; to make a p. yin alkaweli; to break a p. saki and touraari alk.; to keep a p. chik(i) a alk. c 22; chik(i) a magana, kana magana"
+promise,verb,"yin baki, yin magana daia; spec. o thou who promised that which is true mawadtaku ka hakí f 131"
+pronounce,verb,(= to declare openly or positively) see declare
+pronunciation,noun,"kalshi or harshì, pl. kalshina"
+proof,noun,"shaida; to adduce p. kai or kawo shaida; p. (e.g. from the koran) in support of conduct or statement dalili; cf. f 19, 21, 138, &c"
+prop,noun,"madogara, makari; cf. bar"
+"prop oneself up by, to",verb,dogare
+propagate,transitive verb,"(= to have young) hajfe or hajfe, hajfe dia"
+proper,adjective,"nakwarai, fem. tak-"
+properly,adverb,"kwarai, daidai"
+property,noun,"(= one's goods, riches) dũkiya or dũkia, pl. dũkoki and dũkiyoyi; a man of p. maidũkia, maiabin dũkia, mutum da dũkia dayawa, less strictly (= rich) maiwadachi and maiwadada"
+property,noun,halachã
+prophecy,noun,"annabanchi, wali-anchi"
+prophesy,verb,yin annabanchi
+prophet,noun,"annabi, pl. annabawa"
+proprietor,noun,"(gen. = owner) maiabũ, conn. maiabũn, maichi; (= house owner) ubangiji; see under mai"
+prosper,transitive verb,intr. see prosperous
+prosperity,noun,"arziki, abki or auki, katerta, yalwata, bijinta, lafafa"
+prosperous,adjective,"da arziki, mai-arziki, maikaterta; he is p. ya yi bijinta; he shall not be p. ba ayi masa arziki ba d 23"
+prostitute,noun,"karuwa, karma, kortua (= fem. of korto)"
+"prostrate oneself, to",verb,"yin afifi, kaf(f)a goshi, gurufani and yin gurufani; (of prostration in worship) yin (sajada or) sujuda, also with na"
+"prostrate, to be",verb,rubda (or rufda) chik(k)e f 192
+prostration,noun,(i.e. in prayer) ralk(k)a
+protect,transitive verb,"tsara, tsari, tsare, tsaro and tsarima"
+protection,noun,"lamuni, amana"
+protector,noun,(= defender) mai-taimako; spec. applied to mohammed shaf'u
+proud,adjective,"maigirmankai, pl. masugirmankai f 167, da girmankai, maigirima, maifoma, mayenka; cf. seq"
+proudly,adverb,da girmankai; to look p. on harãra; to speak p. yin raha; to treat p. toma or tomo; to walk p. takama
+prove,transitive verb,"(= to establish the truth of anything) gaskata or gaskanta; (= to evidence by testimony of any kind) kai (or kawo) shaida; (by exposition or argument) gaia, nuna or nuni"
+proved,participle,"(= attested, certified) shaidada, fem. shaidada, pl. shaidadu"
+provide,verb,(= to make provision) see provision
+provided that,conjunction,"fache; as this conj. differs from 'if' by the stress laid on the condition it is expressed by adding emphatic particles dai, fa to en, idan, izan"
+provision,noun,literally
+provision,noun,fig. of p. for the next world
+provoke,transitive verb,e.g. i provoked him to battle na tsokana yaki; i was provoked at this saying na ji fushi da magana nan
+proximo,adverb,(= next month) watan gobe
+prudence,noun,hankali or hankali
+prudent,adjective,"mai hankali, pl. masu hankali"
+prudently,adverb,da hankali
+psalms,noun,zabura
+"puberty, one who has reached",noun,"balagaga, pl. balagagu"
+"puberty, to reach",intransitive verb,balaga
+publish,transitive verb,"(i.e. to p. a thing or news of a thing) laberta, haberta"
+pudenda,noun,alauru a 30
+puerility,noun,hal(i)in yaro
+pull,transitive verb,"ja, jaka; to p. out chira, chire, chiro, tsira, tsire, tsiro, fit(i)a, fit(i)as or fit(i)as-da, fusge or fisge"
+pumping beam,noun,kutara d 16
+pumpkin,noun,"names of different species are: large garden p. (cucurbita pepo) kabewa; a smaller p., used in mia, ku-"
+punish,transitive verb,"falasa, palasa or palashe, foro"
+punishment,noun,"falasa or palasa, azaba"
+pup,noun,"kwikuyon kar(r)e, pl. kwikuyen kar(r)e"
+pupil,noun,"(= a youthful scholar, school-boy) dan makaranta, pl. yan makaranta, yaron (pl. yaran) makaranta; (of adults and spec. those of a religious teacher = disciples) almajiri, fem. almajira, pl. almajirai b 134"
+pupil,noun,"(of the eye) vija, vijan ido, matsokachin ido"
+puppy,noun,see pup
+purchase,transitive verb,see buy
+pure,adjective,"(in a material sense) tsari or chari, tsalka or tsatsalka"
+pure,adjective,"(in a ceremonial or moral sense) tsari, chari, tsariki and tsariki, halal, kalas or hallata; p. in heart iman"
+purgative medicine,noun,"maganin zawo, maganin gudund-aji"
+purification,noun,"esp. ceremonial p. tsalka or tsatsalka, lullo and allova"
+purify,transitive verb,"tsarikake (charikake), tsarkaka or tsarkaki; he purified (the water) by straining ya yishi da kyau, lit. he made it right"
+purity,noun,"tsar(i)ki, tsarki or chariki, halachi"
+purloin,transitive verb,see steal
+"purpose, on",adverb,"ganga, daganga or dagangan; to no p. banna"
+pursue,transitive verb,(as in war) rakaso or rukaso; he pursued his way ya kama haniya
+push,transitive verb,"tuka, iza, damfare, the last of pushing so as to cause one to stumble; to p. along ture; to p. aside tun-kuda; to p. back mayes; to p. down ture; to p. into water gangante"
+pustule,noun,"(= boil) kurji, pl. kuraji, kureji, pl. kurareji q.v"
+put,transitive verb,"sa, sainya or sanya, aje; to p. aside (= cease from) sa"
+puzzle,transitive verb,see perplex
+python,noun,"maissa, mesa or mia"
+quack,noun,"(a pretender to medical science) boko, pl. bokaye"
+quackery,noun,bokanchi; cf. prec
+quake,intransitive verb,see tremble
+qualm,noun,(= feeling of nausea) kumolo; to feel such jin kumolo
+qualm,noun,(a conscientious scruple or hesitation) kunia; to feel such jin kunia
+quantity,noun,(= an amount of anything) mashasha; a large q. gugu or gugi
+quarrel,noun,"fusuma, jaiya; cf. seq. and sab(b)abi 2"
+quarrel,intransitive verb,"yin jaiya, kankani, yin kankanchi; to q. with yin kankanchi da, raina; in the sense of to angrily maintain opposite opinions gerdama with the forms in na or with yi; fad(d)a (lit. to fight) is also freely used = to q.; cf. seq"
+quarrelsome,adjective,turn by tarika
+quarrelsomeness,noun,mugun gashi
+quarter,noun,(= one fourth part) rubui
+quarter,noun,"(= division in a town) shia or shiya, pl. shiyoyi, ungua, pl. unguai and (sokoto) unguni; cf. seq"
+quarters,noun,"(= place of stay, lodging) masabki or masapki, mazamme, also loosely wuri"
+quash,transitive verb,(= make void) wofinta
+queen,noun,(= a female sovereign) saraunia
+queen,noun,(= king's wife) matan sariki
+quench,transitive verb,"(= to put out a light or fire) ka(s)he (lit. kill), kufuli; pass. to be quenched (= to go out) mutu"
+query,noun,v. seq
+question,noun,"tambaya or tambaia, binchik(i)"
+question,verb,"tambaya, tambaia, tabi, yin tambaya, yin binchik(i)"
+questioning,noun,"(= discussion about something doubtful) kokonto, binchik(i); to engage in such kokonto with yi or the forms in na"
+quick,adjective,"(= rapid, immediate) sauki, da sauki, da sauri; a q. • death (also = a sudden death) sauki mutua"
+quick,adjective,(= alive) da rai
+quickly,adverb,"(= at once, with the least delay) da sauki, da sauri, nan da nan; (= at a rapid rate) mas(a)a or mase(a), rupta, ruput; very q. massa massa contr. malmassa"
+quicksilver,noun,zaiba
+quiet,adjective,"(of condition) kawce or kawoi; when implying cessation from speech or cries da kawoi, so to be q. yin shiru, yin kawoi"
+quietness,noun,(of disposition) lalafanchi
+quit,verb,(= to leave or abandon in every sense) ber(r)i or ber
+quite,adverb,"(in the precise sense = wholly, nothing but) sai which is either applied to the entire clause"
+quite,adverb,"(less precisely = very much, indeed, truly) dayawa, kwarai"
+quiver,noun,"kwori, kworin kibia, gid(d)an kibia"
+quiver,intransitive verb,"see shake, tremble"
+rabbit,noun,zomo (f)
+rabble,noun,"(= low class of men, the mob) taro banza"
+rabid,adjective,mahaukachi
+race,noun,(= ancestral stock) usalti
+race,noun,"(= a particular breed of men or animals) iri, pl. irare"
+race,noun,(= a running in contest of men or horses) seeri
+radiant,adjective,"(= emitting light) mai haske, pl. masu haske"
+rafter,noun,"analogous hausa terms are; a kind of r. gongolaa, r. made of reeds forming a circular binding on the inside of a roof kirinia; cf. reed"
+rag,noun,(in the sense of a small piece of any stuff) da
+rage,noun,fushi
+rage,intransitive verb,"haukache, yin fushi, jin fushi; cf. angry"
+rags,noun,"coll. reg(g)a, pl. reg(g)ena, sum(m)a or tsum(m)a, pl. sum(m)oki or tsum(m)oki; the singulars of both are used as collectives, old r. keso; trop"
+raid,noun,har(r)
+rain,noun,"rua, pl. ruaye, ruwan bis(a), ruwan sama; spec. gentle r. yayef(f)a or yingif(f)i; r. during heavy storm gɩnaria or ginania; heavy or lasting r. malka or maku, tugua or tagua; light r. tsatsafa, yayef(f)a; the night has been passed in the r. ankawanda rua; the r. pours down rua ya zuba"
+rain,verb,used in a fig. sense to cast or shower down like r. turn by means of a comparison common in hausa kam(m)an rua
+rain-drop,noun,tarf
+rainbow,noun,"masharua or mashan rua, bakan giz(z)o, bakan allah"
+rainy,adjective,"see rain; r. season dam(m)ana or dam(m)una, cf. rani; a break during the r. season fari"
+raise,transitive verb,"(= to make or cause to rise, also to set up) tada, tayes, tayseda, tashe, the last being also the common expr. for making a person get up from the ground or from sleep; (= to lift or pick up anything) dauka contr. dau, do"
+rake,transitive verb,spec. to r. together cinders or embers of a fire az(z)a (or has(a) a) wuta; i r. up cowries towards me na tone kurdi
+ram,noun,"rago, pl. raguna, bunsuru, pl. bunsurai or bunsuraye; spec. a large bornuese r. ararara"
+ramadan,noun,"(the mohammedan fast month) azumi, watân azumi"
+ramble,intransitive verb,(= to wander about) yin yawo (or yawa)
+rambling,noun,yawa
+rampart,noun,ganna and ganwa
+ramrod,noun,tsatsagawa
+"rancid, to be or become",intransitive verb,ruba
+range,noun,(of hills) kudunia
+range,transitive verb,(= to dispose in regular order) daidaita
+ransom,noun,pansa or fansa
+ransom,transitive verb,"panai, panshe, fansi or fanshe"
+ransomer,noun,"ag. maifansa, pl. masuƒansa"
+ransoming,noun,pansawa or fansawa
+rapid,adjective,see quick
+rasp,noun,see file
+rasp,transitive verb,gogi or goge
+rat,noun,"dambaria, bera or bira"
+rat-trap,noun,buma
+rave,intransitive verb,"haukache and hauka, see raving"
+raven,noun,"hankaka, shamowa or shamua"
+ravening,noun,zowari
+"ravenous, to be",intransitive verb,kwarika or kwaraka
+ravine,noun,"kanya or konga; a r. with water in it kogi, pl. koguna, kogina or kogai; r. in which a stream flows among stones and rocks koram(m)a; a waterless r. kozokobe"
+raving,adjective,"maihauska, maihaunkache; to become r. yin rau-rawa; cf. mad"
+raw,adjective,"dainye or dainyi, pl. dainyoyi; anything r. or uncooked n. gaya"
+razor,noun,"aska, pl. asaki or askaki"
+reach,transitive verb,"intr. (= to arrive at) 'is(a), ishe, iski f 165, kai (original sense = bring)"
+reach,transitive verb,(= to overtake) taras
+reach,transitive verb,"trop. (= be sufficient as in engl. 'the money will r. so far') iya, is(a), ishe, kai"
+read,transitive verb,"karatu or karatu, yin karatu"
+read well-,adjective,"(= w. informed) maikaratu dayawa, pl. masu-karatu"
+readiness,noun,shiria
+reading,noun,karatu or karatu
+"ready, to make",verb,"1. (in a general sense but also very commonly of preparation for an expedition, journey etc.) yin shiri, shiriya (pronounced shiria), pass. ashirya"
+reality,noun,gaskia
+"reality, to assure of the, of",transitive verb,gaskata or gaskanta
+really,adverb,"da gaskia, gaskia, gaske, jiddà"
+realm,noun,"sarauta, mulki"
+reanimate,transitive verb,(= to recall to life) raia
+reap,transitive verb,"girbi or giribi, yenka or yenke"
+reaper,noun,magiribi
+reasoning,noun,kokonto; to engage in r. yin kokonto
+rebel,intransitive verb,"kangara, yin kangara"
+rebound,intransitive verb,tankoshe
+rebuke,transitive verb,"tsawa, yin tsawa, kwobe"
+receive,transitive verb,"(= to take what is offered) karɓa or karɓa, karɓi or karɓi, dauka or doka, imperat. receive karɓo, samu, samata a 83"
+receive,transitive verb,(of a salutation) karɓa
+receive,transitive verb,(of news etc.) ji
+receive,transitive verb,"(= to allow, admit) yerda"
+receive,transitive verb,to r. as a guest shide
+received,participle,"(= approved of, agreed to, believed in) yerdade, fem. yerdada, pl. yerdadu"
+receptacle,noun,"any kind of r. may be expressed by gid(d)a, pl. gid(d)aje, gid(d)ashe or gida-daji; by means of this are formed the hausa equivalents of various engl. terms"
+"reception, a royal",noun,turaka
+recess,noun,"(= nook, closet, small room etc.) loloki, pl. lolokai; secret recesses coll. loki asiri d 63"
+reciprocal,adjective,turn by the recipr. pron. juna
+"reckless courage, with",adjective,jan namiji
+reckon,verb,"see calculate, count, number; to r. up zana"
+reckoned up,participle,naadudai b 122
+reckoning,noun,"1. (= computing, calculating) kedaya, kidda and kididiga; (of accounts) lisafi or lesafi"
+recline,intransitive verb,"damgana, kishin-gida (this also = to sit with crossed legs), zami, jingina, jingine"
+recollect,transitive verb,"(= remember) tuna, tuna da"
+recompense,noun,"(both of pecuniary reward, wages, and also generally) lada"
+recompense,transitive verb,"see repay, requite and reward"
+reconcile,transitive verb,"biko, gama dadi"
+recover,transitive verb,"intr. (of health) samu afua, yin rongomi; he recovered his health ya samu lafiya"
+recovery,noun,(of health) rongomi
+red,adjective,"ja, pl. jajaye; a little r. jaja kad(d)an; staining r. jaje; very r. ja wur"
+reddish,adjective,jaja kad(d)an
+redeem,transitive verb,fanshe or panshe
+redemption,noun,fansa (generally pronounced pansa) fansawa; diyauchi (lit. freedom) also bears the pregnant sense of r
+reduce,transitive verb,"(= generally, to lessen, to decrease) reg(g)i, ragi or rage; to be reduced rayu"
+reduce,transitive verb,to r. amount of an account or charge yin rongomi
+reduce,transitive verb,"(= to conquer, subdue) chi"
+reduction,noun,"(lessening, assuaging of anything) ragua"
+reduction,noun,(of an account) rongomi
+reed,noun,"gora, pl. gororo and gorina, kara, jinia, rana (for ramma see below); spec. of various qualities and uses, a kind of r. or rough grass gamba, pl. gambobi; water r. often planted near mosques karan magallachi; a r. growing amongst and resembling guineacorn kusumburua; an edible water r. bindu; r. used for making arrows kemru, gazarat, sheme; large reeds used in thatching maiwa; reeds such as are used for making doors etc. tsabore or zabore; reeds forming circular bindings near the kwando inside a roof murdaka; place where reeds meet in the centre inside thatched roof kwando or kondo; reeds bound together forming inside binding of a thatched roof tanka; reeds (two or three) forming circular band on the outside of a roof jinia; r.-like plant of which native ropes are made ramma"
+reeling,noun,(as of a dying man) magaji
+reflection,noun,"(= consideration, thought) tunane, fem. tunana, pl. tunanu"
+refrain from,transitive verb,"ber(r)i, ber"
+refuge,noun,gid(d)an chira; a place of r. wurin chira
+refusal,noun,kiwuya or kuyiwa; r. to hear kinji; r. to work kiwuya
+refuse,verb,"ki, kia, kinkinta"
+"refuses, one who, to work",noun,makiyachi
+refusing,noun,"participial form han-(n)awa, kiyaya"
+regard,noun,"(= attention, heed) hankali, tunawa"
+regard,transitive verb,(= to look at attentively both physically and mentally) duba
+regard,noun,"(= affection) sōyaya, sōaya or sowaya, kamma"
+regard,transitive verb,"(= to heed) yin hankali, ku(l)la, kull(ı)ata each construed with da before the object regarded"
+region,noun,"woje, pl. wōwashe"
+regret,verb,(in the sense of to repent) tuba
+reign,noun,"(= royal authority, power) sarāuta or sarauta"
+reign,noun,(= the time a r. lasts) zamani
+reject,transitive verb,"ki, kia, yada"
+rejoice,verb,"intr. yin or jin farinchik(k)i, yin or jin murna, wajiba; to r. over sambachi; to r. with anyone yin bishari"
+rejoice,verb,tr. bada (or sa) murna
+rejoinder,noun,(= answer) amsa
+relate,verb,fad(d)a or fad(d)a
+relation,noun,"dengi, denga or deg(q)i, pl. dengoyi, kotuna; cf. seq"
+relationship,noun,zumunta
+relax,transitive verb,"intr. (= to become less strict or severe, of anything"
+relaxation,noun,(in sense of 2. prec.) ragua
+relaxation,noun,(= rest) natsu b 62
+release,transitive verb,"saki and in a looser sense ber(r)i, ber"
+reliable,adjective,(vulg.) see trustworthy
+relieve,transitive verb,"(e.g. one of a load) tabo, tareo, (= to assist) see help"
+religion,noun,addini; the true r. addinin gaskia; the mohammedan r. musulumchi; he was converted to the mohammedan r. ya sauya musulmi or ya zama musulmi
+religious person,noun,"maiaddini, pl. masuaddini"
+rely on,verb,"dangana, ingata, constr. with da or ga, yerda with da; to r. on god kas(a)ada; to r"
+remain,intransitive verb,"(of staying or stopping in a place) zamna, zamna, zona, kwana (lit. sleep)"
+remain,intransitive verb,"(of remaining in one state as well as place) duma, dawama"
+remainder,noun,"saura and shawoora, kingi; the last also specially used of r. of drink, dregs, as is seki"
+remedy,noun,(both in the medicinal and also in general sense) magani
+remember,verb,"tuna, ambata and ambato; to come to r. tuna with da before object"
+remembrance,noun,(= recollection) tunane and tunaawa
+remiss,adjective,lalafa
+remission,noun,"(= forgiveness) gafara, gaferta, yerda, yafewa"
+remissly,adverb,da lalafanchi
+remissness,noun,lalafanchi
+remit,transitive verb,"(= to forgive) yerda, gafara, yin gaferta; to r. a debt yerda bashi"
+"remnant, e.g. after cloth has been measured",noun,"gezura, pl. guzure; cf. remainder"
+remorse,noun,"nidama, ladama"
+remote,adjective,(= distant in place) na nesa; also da nesa and dag(g)a nesa
+remote,adjective,"(= distant in time) na dà, also dauri or dauri"
+remove,transitive verb,"kauda, kauchi, kauwa, kauas, kauwada, kauro"
+rend,transitive verb,chage or tsaga
+render,transitive verb,"(=, in solemn style, to give) ba or bada"
+render,transitive verb,"(of an account = to give, give in, present) to r. an account yin (lisafi or) lesafi"
+render,transitive verb,"(= to translate) juya, canya, fasara, yin fasara"
+render,transitive verb,(= to cause to
+rent,transitive verb,"(of houses, etc.) sufuri, sufurchi, yin sufuri and yin sufurchi"
+repast,noun,(= a meal) kalachi
+repast,noun,"(= food, victuals) abinci, chima, chimaka"
+repeal,transitive verb,kawda
+repeat,verb,(= to do again) see again; to r. an action mai-mai; to r. an action again and again maimaita; to r. ten thousand times ribbi d 44
+repeat,verb,"(= to say over again) tes(a) or tesa, tus(a) or tuso"
+repel,transitive verb,"kora, kore; to be repelled (of an arrow, etc.) tankoshe"
+repent,intransitive verb,tuba
+repentance,noun,"tuba, nidama, nadama or ladama"
+"repents, one who",noun,maituba
+reply,noun,amsa; to give a r. ba (or bada) amsa; cf. seq
+reply,intransitive verb,"amsa, yin amsa"
+report,verb,"(= to bring, news) yin labari, ba (or bada or fad(a)i) labari; to r. against (= to inform against) sare, sara or zara"
+report,noun,"(= rumour, news) labari"
+report,noun,"(= fame, repute) yab(b)o"
+report,noun,(= noise of gun) am(m)o
+repose,noun,(= lying at rest) kwantawa
+repose,noun,"(= rest, quietness) futa, futawa 3. (= sleep) berchi, kwana"
+repose,transitive verb,"intr. (= to lie, to be placed) pass. of aje and sa; (= to lie at rest) kwana, jingina"
+reprehend,transitive verb,"(= to reprove, censure) see blame"
+reprehensible,adjective,da laifi
+representative,noun,"(= an agent, substitute) wakili"
+reproach,transitive verb,"zage or zagi, tarsasa"
+reprobate,adjective,"laane, fem. laana, pl. laanu"
+reproof,noun,(and spec. of a set discourse in reproof) foro; harasa
+reprove,transitive verb,"kwaba or kwobe; also (see prec.) foro, yin foro"
+reptile,noun,"mairarafe, pl. masuraraffe, abin kasa"
+reputation,noun,"yab(b)o, suna"
+requital,noun,fansa or pansa
+requite,transitive verb,"bia or biya; (in a bad as well as good sense) rama, presentil form ramawa"
+rescue,transitive verb,kwache or kwashe; see also deliver
+reside,intransitive verb,see dwell
+resign,transitive verb,"1. (= to give up, abandon) ber(r)i, ber; cf. seqq"
+resignation,noun,"hankuri, hankura or hakora"
+"resigned, to be",verb,"jin sainyi, also hankuri with yi or the forms in na"
+resist,transitive verb,"(= gen. to withstand, baffle) han(n)a; to r. an offer, request etc. han(n)a q.v., ki (and kin) ji"
+resistance,noun,"in sense of prec. init. han(n)awa, makawa"
+respond,verb,"(= to answer) amsa, yin amsa"
+rest,noun,"(= remainder) shavora, saura, kingi"
+rest,noun,"(= repose, quiet) futa, futawa, hutawa, cf. repose; (of the grave) place of r. makwancbe; (of death) the last r. makarin berichi"
+rest,transitive verb,"intr. (= to be at rest) futa; (= to be laid, placed) pass. of aje, sa"
+resting-place,noun,(= lodging) mashid(i)a; his last resting-place makwanchensa
+"restitution, make",verb,"rama, and, with pres. forms in na, ramawa"
+"restive, be",intransitive verb,tuma
+restore,transitive verb,"(= give or bring back) maida, mayes, kwonda, bayesda, and, where there can be no mistake as to the meaning, simply ba"
+restore,transitive verb,(= to make good) rama
+restore,transitive verb,"(= to bring back into a better state, as of health) chira, chire, chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro; to r. to life raia or rayaj; to be restored to life raiu"
+restrain,transitive verb,han(n)a
+result,noun,akik(b)a
+resurrection,noun,"tashi dag(g)a matatu, tayesua, alkiyama, alkiama, kiama; the r. day ranan gobe (lit. day of to-morrow), ran gobe, ranal (= ranan) kiama, ran alkiama; periphr. the day when the sounder of the trumpet shall sound rana da maibusa ya busa kafo nasa a 78, 79"
+retain,transitive verb,"rik(k)e, rik(k)a, rik(k)i, rumtsi b 27"
+retained,participle,"rikake, fem. rikakía, pl. rikaku"
+retaliate,intransitive verb,"rama, ramawa"
+retaliation,noun,"(in a good as well as bad sense) sako (-mako, -moko or) -mukko; cf. requital"
+return,intransitive verb,"koma or koma; to r. to where the speaker is = to r. here komo, dawo; to r. from a. place dawoiya or dawoja; to r. to a place dawoiyo or dawojo; to r. often shirbache"
+returning,noun,"(of place) komawa; (of state, = a changing back, reversion) juyawa"
+reveal,transitive verb,"gaya, waye, nuna"
+revenge,noun,fansa or pansa
+revenge,verb,rama; cf. requite
+reverence,transitive verb,"tsar(i)kaka, tsarkaki, charkaka and, in freer sense (= to honour) gir-"
+revile,transitive verb,"zage or zagi, falasa or palasa, sabe"
+revive,intransitive verb,(as from fainting) firko or ferko
+reward,noun,"lada, akib(b)a"
+reward,transitive verb,see requite
+rheumatism,noun,amas(s)ani or amas(s)ana
+rhinoceros,noun,marili
+rib,noun,"awoza or awaza, pl. awozi; ribs coll. hakarikari"
+rice,noun,"shinkaf(f)a, more particularly = r. in the husk, husked, clean r. shinkaf(f)a (shanshere or) surfafe, gumi (?); ear of r. geza, pl. gezuna; the swelling of r. when boiled auki, abki; a soft mash of r. pet(i) pet(i); a mixture of r., milk and honey gumba; cake made of r. and guinea-corn mas(s)a; cake made of r., oil and honey tastasafa; large rice-bag sub(b)olo or sawlo; spec. a dark coloured kind of r. jimero; a dark red kind of r. tamba"
+rich,adjective,"(= wealthy, also concr. = r. man) maidukia, maiwadachi or maiwadata, mainemat; a r. man falala or fatale; a very r. man dumbuji"
+rich,adjective,(as an epithet of god) gani
+rich,adjective,"(= abundant) yawa, dayawa"
+rich,adjective,"(= splendid as 'r. dress') na ado, fem. ta ado"
+"rich, to be",intransitive verb,express by da (have)
+"rich, to become",intransitive verb,"ajerta, yin wadata and in a freer sense zama maidukia, etc"
+ride,intransitive verb,"no general term, express by periphr"
+rider,noun,"maidoki, pl. masudoki"
+ridge,noun,kokua; ridges in a field coll. keviȳa
+ridicule,transitive verb,darara; he turned him into r. ya bashi daria
+"riding in, a place for",noun,fag(y)en doki; a place for riding in at the gallop masukuwani
+right,noun,gen. gaskia
+right,adjective,"(= in conformity with truth and justice) da gaskia, da gaske, or simply gaskia, gaske, see also lawful, proper"
+right,noun,"(= authority or privilege) iko, pl. ikoki"
+right,adjective,"(= opposed to left) dama, na dama, fem. ta damai; the r. hand (i.e. the bodily member) hanu na dama, damichi, damuhi, (i.e. the r. side) wojen dama"
+right,noun,(= claim) alhaki
+right,noun,(= the opposite of left) dama
+righteousness,noun,gaskia
+rightly,adverb,"(= truthfully, justly) da gaskia, da gaske, gaske"
+rightly,adverb,"(= correctly, exactly) kwarai, also sar(r)ai"
+rind,noun,(of tree) fata
+ring,noun,"zobe or zobi; seal r., signet r. zoben shaida; finger r. kowanīa; metal r. placed round hands and legs of women karafa; r. put through man's lower lip baibaiyi"
+rinse,transitive verb,dariwoye
+rip,transitive verb,"keta, participial n. ketua, cf. tear"
+ripe,adjective,"nen(n)a, nen(n)ane or nunane, pl. nen(n)anu or non(n)anu, tabo, tapshi, tafshi or tabshi"
+"ripe, to be",intransitive verb,"nen(n)a, nin(n)a or nuna, yin tabo, kwasa"
+rise,intransitive verb,"tashi; to cause to r. tashe; to t. up taso, gusa, gul-gusa or gurugusa; to r. up against firmaki; to r. up quickly zabura; to r. high (of the sun) karu; to r. (= to swell, of any-"
+rivalry,noun,"kishĩ, gasa"
+river,noun,"ruwa, pl. ruaye"
+"river-horse, hippopotamus",noun,"dorina, pl. dorinai"
+"rivers, confluence of",noun,magangami
+road,noun,"hanya or haya, pl. hanyoyi, tafariki or tafarki, pl. tafarkoki, turuba, pl. turubobi, which are also employed fig. (of the r. of duty, religion)"
+roads,noun,"branching off: of r. (pl. of kosfa) kosofi or kwosofok; dividing of r. luloki, pl. lulokai; meeting-point of two or more r. mararabbin hanya"
+roar,noun,"tsawa also spec. of the r. of thunder, r. of camel babaki and kuka"
+roar,intransitive verb,"taawa used with the forms in na and with yi as are also all that follow, (of fire f 186, men f 188) tsawutawa, (of camel, donkey, fire, men and spec. of bull) ruri, (of fire) baiki"
+roast,transitive verb,"soiya or suya, gas(a)a, the last used with guras(a)a bread"
+roasted,participle,"gaashe, fem. gaashia, pl. gaasau"
+rob,transitive verb,"(= to take openly, by force) kwache or kwashe"
+robber,noun,"one who robs openly naisaani; a highway r. (= brigand) majesshe, pl. mafas(a)a"
+robe,noun,"riga, pl. riguna; splendid robes riguna na ado; silken robes riguna na alharini"
+robe,transitive verb,sa (lit. put on)
+rock,noun,"duchî, pl. duatsu, falala or falale; we climbed a high r. mun hawa bissa ga dogon duchî"
+rock,transitive verb,(= to shake or swing to and fro) reto
+rock-salt,noun,gal(l)o
+rod,noun,"sanda, pl. sanduna; brass rods sanduna na jan karifi"
+rogue,noun,"maizambachi, maizambata, maizumba"
+roll,verb,"(= to move along by turning over and over) tr. bingira, intr. to r. birgima or birkima with forms in na; to r. or r. over as in sleep bingira, intr. to r. down gangara or gangari"
+roll,verb,"(= to fold round on itself) tr. nad(d)e; to r. together or up nad(d)e; to r. up kalmas(a) or kalma(s)he; to r. up covering to doorway leke; to r. up mat, etc. linke; to r. into balls as clay for building chibara or tsibara; intr. and reflexive to r. up or together nad(d)u"
+"roller, i.e. stone used for crushing rice etc.",noun,dam magurji
+rolling,participle,"n. birgima or birkima, r. down gangarawa and gangaro"
+roof,noun,"the following apply to the native thatched roofs tsaiko, saiko, tanka; centre of r. kwando or kondo; binding line inside r. formed of two or three reeds murdaka, kirinia; band outside r. jinia, see reed, reeds; to bind grass with cords so as to form a r. yamche or yamchi"
+room,noun,"(= open, unoccupied space in any sense) sar(r)'ari; abundance of r. yalwata; (= unoccupied space on a flat surface as a plain, a floor) fuli"
+room,noun,"(= an apartment) r. in a house daki, pl. dakuna; upper r. kandaki, pl. kandakuna; royal assembly r. fagi(e); small dark r. loloki, pl. lolokai; r. made of mud and thatched with reeds teke"
+"room, to have plenty of r. to sit down",intransitive verb,"wala; to make r. for ras(s)a, zakuda or zakudo"
+roomy,adjective,da sar(r)'ari
+root,noun,"(of vegetables, etc.) saiwa, saiwo or soya; r. of a tree tushi or taushi; spec. an edible r. with which two is made kurus-kurus"
+root,noun,"fig. (= the truth) the r. of the matter komen magana; (= origin or fundamental sense) guzu, tushi"
+rope,noun,"gen. igia or igiya, pl. igoyi"
+rot,intransitive verb,"(= to putrefy) riba, ruba; (= to be decomposed) bache"
+rotten,participle,"adj. (of fruit, etc.) ribabe, fem. ribabia, pl. ribabu, (of corn) taad(i)eri; in all cases may be used batache, fem. batachia, pl. batatu as a general expression"
+rough,adjective,"da kaushi, cf. seq"
+roughness,noun,(= unevenness of surface) kaushi
+round,adjective,"express by the nouns = a r. object chibiri or chibari, kumbu"
+rouse,transitive verb,(= to make rise
+row,noun,"(= series, line, rank) saffi, jera, jere or jire; to form a r. yin saffi; in a r. ajere"
+row,noun,"(= angry dispute), see dispute, quarrel; (= noisy outcry) kururua"
+row,transitive and intransitive verb,"tuka, tukawa, yin tuka; hausas acquainted with european oared boats employ this word which (originally = to push, propel) is"
+royal,adjective,"ma sariki, fem. ta sariki; r. officers or attendants fadawa q. v"
+rub,transitive verb,"yafa and yafo, chuda or chudawa; spec. to r. (= to wipe, r. down a table, etc.) shafe; to r. (or grind) corn tushe; to r. anything"
+"rub out, one to",noun,makankara
+rubbed,participle,"adj. murjek(k)e, fem. murjek(k)a, pl. murjek(k)u"
+rubber,noun,(= thing
+rubber,noun,"(= india-rubber) danko, dunko, or dunko, also dankon gumji; india-rubber tree (landolfia?) gumji or gamji"
+ruby,noun,yakutu
+"rudder, paddle used as a",noun,matuki
+"rug, woollen sleeping-",noun,kilishi
+ruin,transitive verb,"(= to spoil, destroy) bata; to be ruined or to fall into r. (of a house, etc.) rushi; participial n. and pres. form rushiwa"
+rule,noun,"(= government, royal sway) sarauta or sarota; (= established mode of procedure) tada, pl. tadodi, ada"
+rule,verb,"(= to hold sway as a king) mulaka, yin (sarauta or) sarota; (= to decide, order authoritatively) hakumta"
+ruler,noun,"maimalaka, masarautchi, hakimi, pl. hakimai; (= king) sar'iki or sariki, pl. sarakuna or sarikai"
+run,intransitive verb,"gudu, gudana; (= to melt) narke; to r. after bi; to r. at (= to attack) fadi bis(a); to r. away gudu, guje, tsere, saul(ache or saul)(achi); to r. away quickly sheka; to r. out"
+runaway,noun,(of slaves) gujeje
+runaway,noun,(in war) maguje or maguje
+rush,intransitive verb,kuche or kuza; to r
+rust,noun,tsatsa
+rust,intransitive verb,yin tsatsa
+sabbath,noun,"1. (in the scriptural sense = saturday) assubati, ra-"
+sable,adjective,see black
+sabre,noun,see sword
+sack,noun,"spec. large skin s. or bag for cowries jik(k)a or zik(k)a, pl. jikoki, bubu (zaria), brigami (kano), these are not used as water skins for which see under skin; skin s. for loading camels, donkeys, etc. woja; s. made of network raga, pl. ragogi; large s. of salt (= one donkey load) lengi"
+sack,transitive verb,"(= to pillage or plunder, of a place or town) turn by kwashe or kwashe"
+sacred,adjective,"(= connected with religion) na addini, fem. ta addini"
+sacrifice,noun,sadaka; to offer a s. yin sadaka
+sad,adjective,"(= depressed, sorrowful); to be s. see sadness; a s. business (= causing sorrow or pity) abin tausaye; a s. business (= bad, wicked) abin mugu"
+saddle,noun,"surdi, pl. suradi and suraduna; native s. cloth which is laid on the s. jel(l)ata, zipka; s. peak kwochia, that in front kwochia gab(b)a, that behind kwochia baya"
+saddle,verb,"(of camels, etc.) labda, (of horses) damre (or darime) surdi, and in the freest sense sa surdi bis(a) da doki"
+sadness,noun,"bak(k)in zuciya; to experience s., to feel sad jin, yin or the forms in na with the n"
+"safe conduct, letter of",noun,wotikan lamuni
+"safe, meat",noun,maanfanin nama
+safety,noun,"(= security from harm) lamuni, amana; (= deliverance from harm) chira and chiararo"
+saffron,noun,"(a plant) daf(f)ara (?), loda"
+sagacious,adjective,"da basira, da hankali, maihankali"
+sagacity,noun,"basira, hankali"
+"sake, for the s. of",preposition,"domin, daun, garin, sabbada, sabbada or sabboda"
+salesman,noun,"maisaida, pl. masusaida"
+saline,adjective,"da gishiri, na gishiri"
+saliva,noun,"sal(l)abi, mio"
+"salmon, fish resembling",noun,falia
+salt,noun,gishiri; prov. a man may
+salt-bag,noun,"long, narrow b. for carrying s. langi; small s.-bag chukurufa"
+saltless,adjective,"babu gishiri, ba gishiri; spec. of eggs without salt (= insipid) da lami"
+saltpetre,noun,"kanwa, gal(l)o (?); spec. a s. used medicinally ja kanwa; s. used as maganin haifua is called kanwa gwan-gwarassa; a s. used in making tuo, etc. farin kanwa; a s. for making armlets kanwa ungurnu"
+salutation,noun,gaisua
+salute,transitive verb,"gaida, gaishe, gaisa, shali and yin shali"
+"saluted, to cause to be",transitive verb,gaishe
+saluting,noun,(in a religious sense) tusliman d title note
+salvation,noun,"tsira, cheto, gaji"
+same,adjective,daia (lit. one)
+sanctified,participle,"tsar(i)kake, fem. tsarkakia, pl. tsarkaki; cf. holy"
+sanctify,transitive verb,"tsar(i)kaka, tsarkaka, tsarkaki or charkaka"
+sand,noun,"rairai or rera, jigowa or jegawa; spec. fine s. turbaia; white s. in water yachi; grains of s. barabadi or berdaddi; s. mixed with grain tariki"
+sandal,noun,"takalmi, pl. takalma, kufut(i)a or kufut(u)a, pl. kufut(i)ai or kufut(u)ai; sandals with red leather tops and hole for toe sambazai; light kind of s. tajawankai"
+"sandy hill, a",noun,jegowa or jigawa
+sapphire,noun,yakutu
+satchel,noun,"(leathern) gyafaka or guf(f)aka, lek(k)i"
+satisfaction,noun,(of the appetite) koshi
+satisfaction,noun,(of the feelings and emotions) dadi
+satisfaction,noun,"see requital, requite"
+"satisfied, a being",noun,"koshi; one who is s. n. kosa(s)he, pl. kosa(s)u"
+"satisfied, to be",intransitive verb,(of the appetites) koshi
+satisfy,transitive verb,"(of the appetite) koshada; (= to pay to the full claims, etc.) bia, rama"
+sauce,noun,mia
+savage,noun,"(barbarians, uncivilised human beings) baibai, pl. babuwai and babawa"
+savage,adjective,"(= barbarian) cf. prec., (= cruel) mun(n)i"
+savagely,adverb,(= cruelly) da mun(n)i
+savagery,noun,(= cruelty) mun(n)i
+save,transitive verb,"(= to rescue, deliver) chira, chire, chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro, sar f 125, cheto or cheche, fidakai, rukun or rikun"
+save,transitive verb,(of money = to lay by or up) aji
+"saved, to be",intransitive verb,"chira, chire, chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro"
+saviour,noun,"maicheto, pl. masu-cheto, machechi; pl. macheta"
+savoury,adjective,"gardi, fem. gardia, da gardi, da zaki"
+saw,noun,"zerto, sasago"
+say,transitive verb,"che with pres. forms chewa, fadl(i)i or fadl(d)a, tan(n)e"
+saying,noun,"(= something said) magana, pl. maganganu"
+saying,noun,participial n. (= act of s.) chewa used with pres. forms in na
+scab,noun,"kurji, pl. kuraji; kureji, pl. kurareji; also kirchi, gurje, girje or urji; s. which has healed up tombo; scabs coll. balli balli"
+scald,transitive verb,(i.e. with hot water) tsali
+scale,noun,"(as lichen, dandruff) toto, tautau"
+scales,noun,"(of fish) kumba, pl. kumbeuna and kumbai, (of dead alligator) kirigin kada"
+scales,noun,"(= balance) ma'auna, mizani"
+scan,verb,(= to look at with scrutiny) kall(o) and yin kall(o)
+scar,noun,"(= cicatrix) tabo, tombo and tubbo; scars made on face serving as tribal marks shan-shawa; cf. marks"
+scatter,transitive verb,"intr. wache and washe, gigichi or gigi"
+scattered,participle,"pass. watsu, also expressed by appending"
+scent,transitive verb,"(= to recognise by the odour) jin wari, also san(n)i wari; the dog scented the lion karre ya ji warin zaki"
+scent,noun,"(= characteristic odour of animals) wari, cf. seq"
+scent,noun,(= a sweet or agreeable odour) ƙamshi
+scent,noun,"(= a sweet-smelling preparation, a perfume) abin ƙamshi, jibda; spec. a small tree from the root of which a s. is made uwan magunguna; a plant whose root furnishes a s. jiji"
+scent-bottle,noun,wukia
+"scented, keen-",adjective,"(of hounds) majin wari, pl. masu jin wari"
+scheme,noun,"(= artful contrivance) wayo, wayo"
+scholar,noun,"(= a great scholar, a teacher) malami, pl. malamai; (= a pupil) almajiri, pl. almajirai, (used adjectively = learned) maikaratu"
+school,noun,makaranta
+scissors,noun,"almakas̱s̱i; joint of s. kwarmi, pl. kwarmu"
+"scoff at, to",verb,baa and yin baa
+scold,verb,taawa or yin taawa
+scorch,transitive verb,farcha
+score,noun,"of number lasso, havia, the latter esp. used in counting cowries"
+scorn,verb,rena
+scorpion,noun,"kunama, konama or kunami; pl. kunamai"
+scourge,noun,bulala
+scourge,transitive verb,yin bulala
+scowl,intransitive verb,damre fuska
+scramble for anything,verb,waasoso
+scrape,transitive verb,"karkari, (to s. clean and so .polish) gogi or goge, pres. gogewa"
+scratch,transitive verb,(an itching place) susa; to s. up with the nails kache
+scream,noun,"ufu, kururua"
+scream,intransitive verb,yin ufu
+scum,noun,kaṉfa
+sea,noun,"gulbi, kogi"
+seal,noun,"zobe, zobi"
+seal,transitive verb,"yumki, zuin(n)a, zuinna"
+seal,noun,"him(m)a or him(m)a; v. to show z. maida (or yin) himma d 26, e 42"
+seal-ring,noun,zoben shaida
+seam,noun,"(in cloth) albad(d)a, pl. albad(d)u or albad(d)odi; spec. a breadth between seams of cloth chiki"
+seamless,adjective,(applied to cloth) liwasa
+sear,transitive verb,"(with hot iron, to cauterise) lalas, sa lalas"
+search,noun,chijia; to make diligent s. yin chijia or bada chijia
+search,transitive verb,"intr. (= make search) nema; to s. after or for nema, bid(d)a, nuf(f)e or nif(f)a; s. diligently for tsururi, cf. prec.; to s. for with the hand lalabe, fafake"
+searching after,noun,(= desire and object of desire) maradi or muradi
+season,noun,"gen. (= usual or proper time) saa, lokaci, lot(i)u"
+season,noun,"(= division of the year with respect to weather, etc.) dry (and hot) s. rani; it is the dry s. ya yi rani; hottest part of dry s., when the rains are beginning basara; wet s. dam(m)ana or dam(m)una"
+seat,noun,"mazamni (i.e. spot on which anyone sits), kushera, bige, turaka; judgment s. also s. on which a king is carried about karaga"
+secede,intransitive verb,"(= to separate from, withdraw from) raba and rabu with da or dag(g)a"
+second,transitive verb,(= to assist) taya
+secret,noun,"boya or boyu, asiri or ashiri; in s., see secretly"
+secret,adjective,"naasiri, fem. taasiri; s. place loloki asiri, loloki, pl. lolokai; v. to keep as rufe, rufi or rufe; to open up, make known anything s. bude"
+secretly,adverb,"asiri or ashiri, aboyii"
+section,noun,godawa
+secure,adjective,da babu koro (lit. without fear); cf. safety
+secure,transitive verb,"(from danger, harm, etc.) see guard, (fam. = to catch, capture"
+security,noun,(= safety from harm generally) aminchi; to afford such s. yin aminchi b 84
+security,noun,(= part payment of a debt as s. = earnest money) amana
+security,noun,"(= a thing left as s., a pledge), jingina or jinjina; to give such s. jingina"
+security,noun,"(responsibility for a debt, etc. = gua"
+sediment,noun,"guiba, gwiba or gwibi"
+seduce,transitive verb,(to lead astray) rude
+seducer,noun,"mairude, pl. masurude, the pl. of shaitan is also used in this sense, i.e. shaitane or shaitanai"
+see,transitive verb,"gan(n)i, gan(n)o, often contracted to gan"
+seed,noun,"gen. (of plants, men, creatures) iri, pl. irare; spec. black and red seeds of a plant algarib, pl. algaribi; coriander s. ridi"
+seek,transitive verb,"(= to go in search of) nema, bid(a)a; to s. after (often implying to set the heart upon) dawoinya, waiwaia"
+seize,transitive verb,"(= to lay hold of) kama, intens. kankama"
+select,transitive verb,"zaba, zabe, zabi, wari, the last often used of choosing out one or more pieces"
+selected,participle,"pass. zababe, fem. zababa, pl. zababu"
+self,noun,emphatic
+self-laudation,noun,kirari
+selfish person,noun,"marowachi, mairowa; a s. grasping person maiaari"
+sell,transitive verb,"sayo, also saye, sayi, sai, saïda, sayes, sayeeda, tal-(l)a, the last also esp. of having or exposing on or for sale"
+seller,noun,"maisaida, pl. masusaida"
+send,transitive verb,"aiki, aike, aika, which also = to s. forth, from, to; to s. to where the speaker is aiko, (with a person only as obj. lit. to rouse up, to start) tăda"
+sender,noun,"maaike, pl. masuai̇ke and maaika"
+senna,noun,"shani ka sanni, flasko (barth)"
+sense,noun,"(= good s., understanding) hankali or haṅkali; a man of s. mutum maihaṅkali"
+sense,noun,(= signification) see meaning
+senseless,adjective,"(= stupid, foolish) marashaṅkali, babu hankali, magagachi b 108, faskara, (= insensible, unconscious) see seq"
+senses,noun,(= the faculties of sensation) hankali
+sensible,adjective,"(= prudent, intelligent) maihaṅkali, pl. masuhaṅkali, da hankali"
+sensibly,adverb,(= with good sense) da hankali
+sentence,noun,(= judicial decision) sheri̇a; to pass s. yin sheri̇a
+sentinel,noun,"gata, pl. gataye"
+sentry,noun,see prec
+separate,adjective,bambam
+separate,verb,"1. tr. raba and rab-(b)i, kebe, ware 2. intr. rabu, zawda; to s. from id"
+separately,adverb,dek(k)i̇ dek(k)i
+separation,noun,rabua
+serene,adjective,"see calm, clear, quiet"
+sermon,noun,"waatsi, waatsu often pronounced wazi, wazu"
+serpent,noun,see snake
+servant,noun,"(not slave) bara, fem. barania or baranya, pl. barorì and pl. of multitude bararua which implies a large number such as a king would have"
+serve,verb,(of one not a slave) yin barantaka
+serve,verb,"(of a slave) bauta with forms in na, or with ke or yi; this is also the proper term (as the more respectful) for to s. god and hence for to s. false gods"
+service,noun,gen. ibâda
+service,noun,"(of one not a slave) barantaka, that of a slave being bauta (= servitude, slavery) hence its use as given in prec. 2"
+service,noun,(relig.) s. of god ibâda
+servitude,noun,see slavery
+sesame,noun,samsam
+set,transitive verb,(gen. to place) sâ; (= to plant) see plant 1.; (= to sharpen
+settle,transitive verb,"intr. (= to alight, fix one's habitation or stay) sauka or soka, zamna or zimna; to s. on or as. down on id"
+"seventh, one",noun,of number subu'i
+severe,adjective,"(e.g. of a law, etc. = oppressive, harsh) da tsanani, also abin tsanani; to be s. tsane, tsani, tsanache, tsananta, all constr. with ga, gare (with pronouns) or ma"
+sew,transitive verb,"dumke, dumka or dumki"
+sewer,noun,"(= one who sews, also = tailor) madumki, fem. madumkia, pl. madumkai"
+sewing,noun,s. at edge of a garment tindumi; (= the act of s. in order to mend) fasali; v. to tack in s. lalafu
+sh!,noun,(= the sound of hissing) shishit(i)a
+shackle,verb,sã with seq. and ma
+shackles,noun,"malwa, giger, cf. also fetters"
+shade,noun,"en(n)ua; a broad s. en(n)ua mafadi; (= a thing for affording s., as a booth, shed, cover, etc.) rumpa, pl. rumfuna; to enjoy the s. sha en(n)ua d 75"
+shadow,noun,en(n)ua
+shake,transitive verb,"intr. mosa, also fig. in the wider sense of being agitated, influenced, moved"
+shaking,noun,(or trembling) raurawa
+shallow,adjective,"ba (or babu) zurufi (or zurfi), ba maizurufi"
+shambles,noun,wurin fawa
+shame,noun,kumya or kumia; 'the parts of s. alawa; to feel s. jin kumya; to put to s. sa (ba and bada) kumya
+shameful,adjective,"na kumya, da kumya; a s. thing abin kumya"
+shameless,adjective,"maraskumya, babu kumya; a s. person fuzu"
+shamelessness,noun,kulikas(a)
+shape,noun,"(= form) kama, supa"
+shape,transitive verb,"(= to fashion, create), see make 1"
+share,noun,"see part, portion"
+share,transitive verb,see divide; spec. to invite to s. in one's food chuna
+sharp,adjective,(= having a fine edge) da kaifi
+sharp,adjective,"(= finely pointed) tsini or zini, da tsini"
+sharpen,transitive verb,"wasa, gerta"
+"sharpening swords, tool for",noun,magagari
+shatter,transitive verb,(intens.) farfashe or palpashe
+shave,verb,"(with razor) aski, aske, aska, and yin aski"
+"shawl, made in strips",noun,alkil(l)a
+shea-butter,noun,"dankon kadanya; the s.-b. tree kedanya, kadanya, kedainya; fruit of the s.-b. tree kade and hanchin kade"
+sheaf,noun,"(= also bundle of anything) dame or demmi, pl. damuna; spec. s. of arrows shib(b)a; s. of corn sangarnia or zangarnia, pl. sangarnu"
+shear,transitive verb,yin sosaiya
+sheath,noun,"(for knife, sword) kube"
+shed,noun,"rumbu, rumpa, pl. rumfuna esp. used of a s. or booth in a market-place; a temporary s. buka, pl. bukogi"
+shed,transitive verb,"(= to pour out or down) zub(b)a, zub(b)o or zuba; to s. tears yin hawaye"
+sheep-fold,noun,see fold
+sheet,noun,(of paper) taba'an takarda; winding s. likafani
+"shelf, rope supporting a",noun,"ragaya, pl. ragagu"
+shell,noun,"(= hard covering of fruit, eggs, etc.) kofa, kwofa or kwafa, pl. kofofi or kwofofi"
+shell,transitive verb,(= to take off the peel or shell) bare
+"shell-fish, an edible",noun,"kumba, pl. kumbuna and kumbai"
+shelter,noun,"(= protection from light and heat) en(n)ua, (= a place of refuge) gid(d)an chira, wurin chira"
+shepherd,noun,"makiyayi or makiyaye, pl. makiyaya"
+sherds of pots,noun,katanga
+shield,noun,"gen. garkuwa or gerkuwa, pl. gariki, also in a loose sense (lit. battle equipment) kayan dagga; spec. large, oblong s. like that of the zulus kwungura; small s. kunkelî; s. made of skin makari; s. made of straw dangi; species of antelope of whose skin shields are made wahayi"
+shine,intransitive verb,"ba or bada haske, haskaka, kal(l) or kel(l); the lightning shines brighter than the sun wotkîa ta fi rana da haske"
+shining,adjective,"maihaske, pl. masu-haske"
+shirk work,verb,huji
+shirt,noun,"tufa or tufua, pl. tufafi or tufofi worn under the gown, riga, pl. riguna, which sometimes = a large s.; spec. a funeral s. hausakî or ausagi d 88 note; an inside, pleated s. kuakuwata; s. like a tobe but smaller tuwua or tagua, pl. tuguna; akin to last is the name of a kind of s. tag(g)o, pl. tag(g)una; hole for neck in a s. wunda"
+shoe,noun,"takalmi, pl. takalma; he took off the s. ya fit(t)a (or fit(t)asda) takalmi; i put on the shoes but they did not fit na sa takalma amma ba su daidai ba; spec. small s. worn inside boots suf(f)adu, pl. suf(f)a-dai; a pair of odd shoes gam-(m)inbauta"
+shoot,transitive verb,intr. (= to discharge a gun) halbi bindiga or buga bindiga; of plants to s. or s. forth yin tofo
+shooting,noun,(= the killing of game) farauta; to go s. yin farauta
+shooting star,noun,mashi
+short,adjective,"(of length) gajere, fem. gajera and gajeria, pl. gajeru"
+short,adjective,(of time) kad(a)n
+short,adjective,"(in number, wanting) hill(a)fa"
+"short of, fall",intransitive verb,kâsa
+shortness,noun,gajerta
+shot,noun,"(= ball, bullet) arsa"
+shoulder,noun,"kafada, pl. kafadu and kafadodi; the part from the s. to the elbow damichi or damshi, pl. damasa"
+shout,noun,"ufu, vun, guda or gudu; spec. s. in war jin'jina; a s. of joy rereru"
+shout,intransitive verb,yin ufu
+shove,transitive verb,see push
+show,noun,(= ornamental display) ado
+show,transitive verb,"(= both to point out any object and also to inform, explain) god(d)a or goda, nuna or nuni"
+shrink,intransitive verb,"(from cold, etc.) furgita; (= to shrivel up), see seq"
+shrivel,intransitive verb,"yaushi or yoshi, yin yaushi; it shrivels up ya yi yaushi"
+shroud,noun,"kafan, likafani or likafani; a s. is put on thee, thou art wrapped therein ana maka dan likafani kuma asunke f 91"
+shrub,noun,spec. a leguminous s. kaikaya; a s. that burns with a noise (i = cynanchum viminale) yada; s. from the wood of which a medicine (maganin majina) is made yako; s. the seeds of which are used for an eye medicine fideli
+shudder,intransitive verb,raura
+shun,transitive verb,see avoid
+shut,transitive verb,"rufe, rufi or rife"
+shuttle,noun,masaka
+sick,adjective,"da chiwo, mariki; one who is s. maichiwo, pl. masu-chiwo, marasalafla, majinachi"
+"sick, be",verb,"(= to be in bad health) jin (or yin) chiwo, also da chiwo with forms in na"
+"sick, be",verb,(= to feel nausea) jin kumolo; see also ill 2
+"sickle, small semicircular",noun,lauje b 38; he bends it as a s. is bent shi karkatta kama lauje
+sickness,noun,"chiwo, chiuta or chuta, jing'a; the following words designate special forms majina (= a cold), falfalda (= fainting fit), adoba (= pestilence, plague) amai (= vomiting)"
+side,noun,"gen. woje, pl. woashe, sas(a)a found also as zaza f182"
+side,noun,"s. of the body kwibi; s. (= rib) of an animal awoza or awaza, pl. awozai"
+sieve,noun,"rereya or raria; spec. vessel with holes used as a coarse s. matache; s. used for separating gold from sand, etc. matankadi; the verbal ex-"
+sigh,noun,sheda
+sigh,intransitive verb,sheda used with forms in na or with yi
+sighing,noun,ajian zuciya
+sight,noun,"(= the faculty of vision) no precise equivalent, turn"
+sight,noun,"(= the act of seeing also = view) ido, gan(i) thus, in the s. of all men 'idon dunia; the s. of her will console them ganninta zai masu hankuri; the s. of them made everybody laugh ganininsu ya sa kowane daria, cf. f 247; the golden saddles are a beautiful s. suradi na zinaria su da keaun ganni ne; dim (or dimness of) s. bambaroḳai"
+sign,noun,"gen. shaida, pl. shaidodi, which also = s. or mark made by one who cannot write his name, (= important or wonderful token, intimation) alama often pronounced halama, pl. alamomi, aya, pl. ayoyi; (= s. adduced or appealed to as a reason or authority) dalili"
+signet,noun,mataushin wotika; s. ring zoben shaida
+silence,noun,"shirii, shiru, shiu or shu, kurum, kawoi; in s. shirii b 54, kuru"
+silent,adjective,kawoe or kawai
+"silent, to be",verb,"shiriru, kurum and kawoi with yi or the forms in na"
+silently,adverb,shiriru
+silk cotton tree,noun,rimi
+silken,adjective,na alharni f 217
+"silkworm, species of",noun,tamia
+silly,adjective,"see fool, foolish"
+silt,transitive verb,see prec
+silver,noun,azurfa or azurfa
+silver,adjective,"naazurfa, fem. taazurfa"
+similar,adjective,see like
+"similar, to be",verb,"dadaiche, see under like"
+similitude,noun,michali or misali; to speak by a s. yin michali
+sin,noun,"zunufi or zunubi, laifi, kuskuri; to commit s. see seq"
+sin,intransitive verb,"yin zunufi or zunubi, yin laifi"
+sincere,adjective,see honest
+sing,verb,waka or waka
+singing,noun,raha
+single,adjective,"see alone, one"
+singly,adverb,"e.g. question them s. (= one by one) ka tambayesu daia daia, see also alone"
+singular,adjective,see plural
+sink,noun,"(= a place of filth, also fig.) salga, pl. salgagi"
+sink,verb,tr. (= to immerse) nuche; spec. to s. a well gina rijia
+sinless,adjective,"maraslaifi, babu laifi, babu zunufi"
+sinner,noun,"mai zunufi, pl. masu-zunufi"
+sip,noun,guwa
+sip,verb,kurba or kurbata
+sister,noun,"(usually = younger s.) 'kanua or kanua; elder s. ya, 'yajata or yata"
+sit,intransitive verb,"(also = to s. down) zamna, zamna, zona or zamne; spec. to s. on the ground with legs crossed kishingida; to s. down (of camels, donkeys, etc.) kalabta"
+site,noun,"wuri, pl. wurare"
+sixth,adjective,"nashidda, fem. ta-shidda; one s. sudusi"
+size,noun,girma employed thus: its fruit is large in s. diata suna da girma; the s. of the jerboa exceeds that of the mouse kwrege ya fi bera da girma; a box of great s. babban ganduki; to become (or grow) large in s. girima and yin girima
+skeleton,noun,mushe
+skilful,adjective,"(in an art, etc.) gon(n)i, pl. gon(n)ai, mai-gon(n)i; (in artifice) maiwayo, pl. masuwayo, (esp. in war) garldaye"
+skilfully,adverb,"gon(n)i, da gon(n)i, da wayo, da dubara"
+skill,noun,"(in an art or profession) gon(n)i also gonti; (in artifice) wayo and wayai; (in contrivance, resource) dabâra or dubâra; (with more or less implication of opportunity and readiness) tsarafî"
+skim,transitive verb,(milk) yade
+skin,noun,"gen. fata, pl. fatuna, (= hide) kilago, pl. kilagai; s. after tanning kirigi (before, fata); cast s. of serpent suaba or saba, tsana; he casts his s. ya yi suaba; spec. s. bag or bottle salka or salha, pl. sal-kuna; s. used for drawing water from well guga, pl. guguna; covering of skins tunku; s. of goat used as loin cloth walki or wolki; sack made of s. waga"
+skin,transitive verb,kware or kwari; see also flay
+skip,verb,"(= to spring along or over lightly) bira; (= to pass over without reading passages in a book) chingara, q.v"
+skull,noun,"kolua, kolua, kwalua, kokolua, koniya, koniyan kai, kal(s)hin kai (lit. bone of the head); the s. shall boil kolua tana tafassa d 65"
+sky,noun,"sama, pl. samania or samomi, dunia or duniya, gari"
+slacken,transitive verb,"tr. v. (= to relax, mitigate) reg(yi), ragi or rage; intr. (= to be relaxed, mitigated) ragu"
+slander,transitive verb,chimbaya
+slash,transitive verb,"(= to cut by striking, i.e. not by drawing the edge along, which is yenka) sare"
+slaughter,transitive verb,yenka or yenke; to s. animals fawa
+slaughter-house,noun,wurin fawa
+slave,noun,"bawa, fem. baiwa, banya or bamiya, pl. bayi or bai, bawa; spec. chief s. of a king kachal(i)a, yari; female s. baiwa (as above), kuyanga or kuwiyanga, pl. kuyangi, yan turaka (also = mistress, concubine) gadaka; female begging s. mauro; female house s. kwarakwara or kwoarakwara, bawan gida(a); son of s. but free bachucheni; offspring of a s. and a free person dimajo; s. about 14 years old magudanchi, pl. magudantai; a strong s. kato, fem. katuwa; runaway s. gujeje; s. holder maibawa; charm for catching slaves kauchi; s. raiding expedition samame; v. to free a s. yanchi or enchi"
+slaver,noun,(= saliva dripping from mouth) sal(l)abi
+slaver,intransitive verb,(to let saliva drip from mouth) yin sal(l)abi
+slavery,noun,"bauchi, bauta, bawanchi; liberation from s. diyauchi or diyanchi; redemp-"
+slay,transitive verb,see kill
+sleep,noun,"berchi or berichi, kwana, kunshia or kwanshia"
+sleep,intransitive verb,"berchi or berichi with yi or forms in na, also kwana or kwanche; the former refer rather to the physical condition, the latter convey also the idea of reposing, lying down to s"
+sleepiness,noun,genged(d)i; to be overcome by. s. id
+sleeping-place,noun,makwanchi; spec. s.-p. (e.g. in a tree) affording protection from wild beasts saura
+sleeve,noun,"hannu, pl. hanaye; sleeve-knife the blade of which is worn along or up the s. wuka hannu"
+slide,intransitive verb,see slip
+slight,adjective,see thin
+slight,transitive verb,rena
+"sling, a stone, to",verb,majujawa
+slip,noun,"(= loss of foothold by sliding) samtsi or santsi; to make a s. yin samtsi, talalabia"
+slip,intransitive verb,"(= to lose foothold by sliding) talalabia and yin talalabia, gubchi or gache the last also = to s. into"
+slip,intransitive verb,(= to escape hold) kubche; of things
+slipperiness,noun,samtsi or santsi
+slippery,adjective,da samtsi
+slit,transitive verb,kata
+"slit, for head etc. in gown",noun,kwakuyata
+slothful,adjective,see laziness
+slough,noun,(= cast skin of serpent) suaba or saba; to cast a s. yin suaba
+slow,adjective,(= one who goes slowly or deliberately) mainauwa
+slowly,adverb,san(n)u; very s. san(n)u san(n)u
+slumber,noun,"and v. see sleep, sleepiness"
+sly,adjective,"da wayo, maiwayo, pl. maiwaya; cf. skilful"
+small,adjective,"karami, fem. karama or karamia, pl. karamai, kankana and kankara, also kankanta"
+small-pox,noun,"agana, zanzana, mas(a)saara"
+smash,transitive verb,"(= to break to pieces with violence) farfasha, palpashe, rugunguza"
+smashed,participle,"pass. murjek(k)e, fem. murjek(k)a, pl. murjek(k)u"
+smear,transitive verb,"(e.g. with oil, etc.) shafa or shafe, yafa"
+smell,noun,"(= odour) an agreeable s. kamshi, chibda or dadin chibda; a bad s. doii or dogi, wari (or wardi), the last also = the characteristic odour of animals 'the scent'; s. of camel fumi; s. of damp fumfuna; an evil s. as of putrifying animal bodies mushe; musty s. as of grain long kept puna"
+smell,transitive verb,(= to perceive by the sense) ji
+smell,transitive verb,"(= to s. at with the intent to enjoy or test) shaka or sheka, also sununa or sonona, the last esp. of a sweet or agreeable scent"
+smelt,transitive verb,narike
+smelted,participle,"adj. narike, fem. narika, pl. nariku; to be s. nariku"
+smile,noun,daria
+smile,intransitive verb,"murmushi or mulmushi, kamna fuska"
+smite,transitive verb,"see strike, kill; to s. in fight yin kokua"
+smith,noun,see blacksmith
+smoke,noun,hayaki; spec. s. of a conflagration turunka
+smoke,verb,(= to emit s.) yin hayaki
+smoke,verb,(to s. tobacco) shan taba
+smooth,adjective,"(as samtsi or) santsi, samtsi"
+smooth,transitive verb,"(of wood, by paring, shaving) sasaka or saseka, (by daubing, plastering, etc.) yabe"
+smoothed,participle,"adj. (by plastering, etc.) yababe, fem. yababa, pl. yababu"
+smoothly,adverb,sansamasa
+smoothness,noun,samtsi or santsi
+snail,noun,tantanua (†)
+snake,noun,"machiji, pl. machizai"
+snare,noun,"hak(k)o, pl. hak(k)oki, turko; to lay a s. yin hak(k)o"
+snare,transitive verb,(to catch by means of a s.) yin hak(k)o
+snatch,transitive verb,"kwache or kwashe, kwaso, karba or kariba, karbi or karibi, fisge or fusge, amshi, zar(r)i, fauchi (†)"
+snatcher,noun,maikwachewa
+snatching away,participle,"n. amshiwa c 24, 25"
+sneeze,intransitive verb,atisha and atishawa; spec. (of horses) furji
+sniff,verb,sheka; to s. up (for the purposes of smelling) id
+snore,intransitive verb,"minshari, nasari or hansari"
+snuff,noun,"(powdered tobacco) garintaba, taban hanchi"
+snuff,verb,see sniff
+snuff-box,noun,"bat(t)a, pl. bat(t)ochi"
+so,adverb,"(= thus) hak(k)a, hak-(k)aman"
+soap,noun,"sabuni, sello; spec. a superior kind of s. used for washing the face sabunin sello"
+soar,intransitive verb,"(of birds = to fly aloft, and gen. = to rise high) tashi and tashi bis(a)"
+socket,noun,"kwarmin, pl. kwarmu; s. of the eye gulbin ido; prov. the s. of the eye is not the eye itself gulbin ido ba ido ne ba"
+soft,adjective,"(e.g. of mud, dough, etc. also of cloth) tapshi, tafshi or tabshi, of fruit when ripe tábo is also used; v. to be or become s. yin tapshi, of ripe fruit yin tabo"
+soft-hearted,adjective,"(= kind, gentle) tapshi, tafshi"
+soften,transitive verb,"yin tapshi, zabki"
+soil,transitive verb,yin dauda
+soil,noun,see dirt
+sojourn,noun,(= temporary stay) zama or zama
+sojourn,intransitive verb,"(= to make a stay) zamna, zona or zamne"
+sojourner,noun,"maizamna, pl. ma suzamna"
+solace,noun,"see comfort, consolation"
+solace,transitive verb,"see comfort, console"
+"solder, a sort of",noun,"sinaderi, shinaderi or sunadari, = chloride of ammonium (?)"
+soldier,noun,"mayaki, pl. mayaka, dan yaki, pl. yayan (or yan) yaki, sakar, pl. asakarawa; spec. s. of king's body dogari, dakara, pl. dakaru; foot-s. saati; foot-soldiers coll. kirma, see infantry; horse-s. guriguri, see also cavalry; experienced s. maitatsi or maidatsi"
+sole,noun,"(of the foot) saw, mataki, pl. matakai, tafin kafa"
+sole,adjective,"makadaichi or mukadaichi, s. in its most idiomatic use, however, is best expressed by means of sai"
+solely,adverb,see alone
+solid,adjective,"(= sound, trustworthy) ingatachi g 7"
+solve,transitive verb,"(= to clear up, explain) waye, gaya"
+sometime,adverb,woniyayi
+son,noun,"da, connective dan, pl. yaya, connective yayan and yan"
+song,noun,"wasa, waka or waka; v. to sing a s. waka with yi or the forms in na"
+sonship,noun,diyauchi or diyan-chi
+soon,adverb,(= after a little while) jima kad(a)an
+soothsayer,noun,"boka, pl. bokaye"
+soothsaying,noun,aruwa
+sorcerer,noun,"maye or maji, fem. majia"
+sorceress,noun,see prec
+sorcery,noun,maita
+sordid,adjective,"see filthy, base"
+sore,noun,"see ulcer, boil"
+sore,adjective,see painful
+sorrow,noun,"mayata, d 61, see affliction, grief; v. s. for and to feel s. for, see compassion"
+sort,noun,"iri, pl. irare, launi; cf. species"
+sort,transitive verb,"(= to divide, distribute into classes) raba; (= to s. out) cf. choose"
+"sought for, what is",noun,maradi or muradi
+soul,noun,"rai, pl. raia, kerua, both are used of the disembodied as well as the embodied s.; (= the seat of the mental feelings and qualities) rai"
+sound,noun,"(e.g. of bees, a bell, gun, trumpet) am(m)o; a confused s. dum(m)i"
+sound,adjective,(= trustworthy) ingatachi; s. (in health) da lafiya
+sound,intransitive verb,yin am(m)o
+soup,noun,"romua, numua or romo, ruan nama; spec. s. in which fura has been made forau forau or ruan fura; s. made of meat and the fruit of the dorowa tree yakua; a s. resembling the last sure; herb leaves of which are used in making s. turgunawa or turgunuwa"
+sour,adjective,see acid
+source,noun,"(= spring of water) idon rua; (= origin, beginning) mafari; (of words = primitive meaning, derivation) guzu or gusu"
+souse,transitive verb,"(= to immerse) tsoma, nuche"
+south,noun,"kudu or kud(d)us, gusum, teakan rana; adv. id"
+southward,adjective,(= towards the s.) gusumchi
+sovereign,noun,see king
+sovereignty,noun,see kingdom
+sow,noun,(female of wild swine) gadonia; (of domestic) gursuna mache
+sow,transitive verb,"shipka or shuka, yin shipka, yin shuka"
+sower,noun,"maishipka, pl. masu-shipka, mashipki, pl. mashipka"
+sowing-place,noun,manomi
+sowing-time,noun,"manomi, also fig"
+space,noun,"(= open, free room) sar-(r)ari; unoccupied sp. (e.g. on the ground, etc.) fili, pl. filaye"
+spacious,adjective,"maisar(r)ari, mai-yelawa"
+span,noun,"(measure of length = space between ends of thumb and first finger extended) takin hannu, dami"
+spare,transitive verb,(to avoid troubling) kiyaye
+sparrow,noun,suda; spec. a bird rather smaller than s. baiwan allah
+speak,verb,"fad(d)a and fad(d)i, tan(n)e"
+spear,noun,"mashi or maji, pl. masu-"
+spear,transitive verb,"soka, soke or soki, halbe, halbi or harbi"
+spearman,noun,"mahalbi, pl. mahalbai and masuhalb"
+species,noun,"iri, pl. irare, launi"
+speckled,adjective,"(of birds, etc.) wakawake, cf. spotted"
+spectacle,noun,"(= an imposing sight), see sight 2"
+spectacles,noun,(the optical instrument) minzeri
+spectre,noun,fatalwa
+speech,noun,"gen. magana, which can be used in all the following senses"
+speech,noun,(= the uttering of words) fad(a)ha
+speech,noun,"(= uttered words and so = talk, discourse) zanche, kalami, kalmata (lit. my words, only so found), aljama or aljima, jawab, together with magana, pl. maganganu"
+speech,noun,"(= native language) hausa, pl. harata, halshi or harshi, pl. halshina"
+speechless,adjective,"see dumb, silent"
+speed,noun,see haste; with s. (of rapid pace in running) da gudu
+speedily,adverb,"see quickly, soon"
+spell,noun,"(= charm) mógani, pl. maganguna and magunguna; to put under a s. damre, daure, damra or darmi"
+spend,transitive verb,"ka(s)he, kashi or kisa, (with the idea of waste more or less implied) batas"
+spew,verb,"tofi, kurukure"
+"spice, hot",noun,yaji; spices coll. jawu; cf. pepper
+spider,noun,"gizzo or giseo, toto, tau-tau; female s. koki; spider's web sumya"
+spike,noun,"an iron s. tsinki or zinke, pl. tsinkai or zinka; also = a little s. of straw; s. for making holes in skin, etc. teiko or siko, pl. tsikuna"
+spill,transitive verb,intr. tuda or tude
+spin,transitive verb,(= to revolve) kewoye or kewayi
+spindle,noun,"mazari, kadamin abduga; a sort of s. mataki"
+"spinning round, anything",noun,kodi
+spinster,noun,gobrua
+spirit,noun,"(= soul of man generally, also as the seat of feelings, etc.) see soul, (= an immaterial being, a sp.) id.; the evil s. eblis, eblis, iblis, see also satan; an evil s. aljan, pl. aljannu; evil spirits coll. jinnu, also the pl. rauika, cf. rai 4; (= a ghost) see spectre; (= mind) zuciya"
+spiritless,adjective,da karamin zuciya
+spirt,transitive verb,"(i.e. water, etc. from the mouth) teddas; spitting n. teddasua; see also spew"
+spit,verb,"tofi, fesa, furja, kaki; to s. out miau; to s. out water from the mouth tsertua"
+spit,verb,see pierce
+spite,noun,"chegi, for s. don chegi"
+spittle,noun,see saliva
+"splash water, e.g. over an infant",verb,shawo
+spleen,noun,"(= the bodily organ) sefa or saifa, pl. sefaf; (= disease of the s., splenitis) chizon"
+splendid,adjective,"(of dress, ornaments, etc.) na ado, fem. ta ado"
+splendour,noun,"(of dress, etc.) ado, pl. adodi"
+splenitis,noun,see spleen
+splinter,noun,(e.g. in the skin) sarti; spec. to get a s. in the foot tafo maganma
+split,noun,tsaga or chage
+split,transitive verb,"tsaga or chage, keta, fas(e)a, the last also used of cold"
+sponge,noun,spec. foliage of a small plant used as a s. sose; a general designation for anything used as a s. is abin shafe
+spoon,noun,"(of wood) tsokali, koshiha; large s. gago; large wooden s. moda; spoons made from pumpkin rinds pl. lud(a)ai or led(a)ai"
+sport,noun,"(= play, diversion) worigi; s. (or trick) bamanchik; (= mirth, also mirthful contempt) daria"
+spot,noun,"tab(b)o, pl. tabuna, dungule; the last = ink s. or blot (kano) = dole (zaria), (= a blemish in an article) aibu; fig. (= moral blemish, fault) aibu; (= a particular locality) wuri, pl. wurare"
+spread,transitive verb,"(e.g. a cloth, a mat) shimfida or shimfada, intr. (= to separate, scatter) wache or washe; to s. out tr. (e.g. a mat, goods for sale) shimfida or shimfada; (wheat to dry) baza; (= expose to view) bayan(n)a or bayen(n)a; intr. kaw (= to s. out or abroad, increase) yado, yadu"
+spring,noun,"of water, idon ruwa, ma-romaro or marmaru; mouth of a s. or well bakin rijia; for other senses"
+spring,intransitive verb,see jump
+spring,intransitive verb,to s. or s. up out of the ground
+sprout,noun,"(of guinea-corn, etc.) karamami or karmami; (of trees) tofo, pl. tofuna; spec. new sprouts after trees, etc. have been cut down kankama"
+sprout,intransitive verb,(= to spring up out of the ground) see spring 2
+sprout,intransitive verb,"of trees and plants (= to put forth buds, leaves, etc.) tofu, yin tofo, gunda and yin gunda"
+spue,verb,see spew
+spur,noun,"kaimi, pl. kayami"
+"spurs, long riding-boot with",noun,"kufut(t)a or kufut(t)a, pl. kufutai or kufuttai"
+spy,noun,"gata, pl. gataye"
+squat,intransitive verb,"to s. down with legs crossed kishirgida, turaba'i or yin turaba'i; to s. on the ground tsuguna or tsugun"
+squeeze,transitive verb,"mache, machi or matsi, taushe or tawa, damfare, tsamki or tsumki, tatara; to s. a lemon, etc. tasa, tasi, tachi, tatsa or taza"
+squint,noun,idon magi
+squirrel,noun,kusum-bis(e)a
+stab,transitive verb,"soka, soke or soki"
+stable,noun,"muri; s. for one horse burga; and less precise (= place for horses) shamak(k)i, pl. shamak(k)ai"
+stable-man,noun,"dan muri, see also groom"
+staff,noun,"sanda, pl. sanduna"
+stag,noun,barewa miji or namiji; the female animal barewa mache or tanamace; spec. small female tinkia
+stagger,verb,intr. magagi with forms in na
+stagger,verb,"(= to confuse, perplex) dame or dama and pass. to be staggered damu"
+staggering,noun,(e.g. of a dying man) magagi
+stain,noun,"(= colouring matter) see dye; (= spot, blemish, fault) aibu"
+stain,verb,"(= to tinge fabrics, etc. with colouring matter) see dye; pass. to be stained (in a wider sense), turn by general terms for 'change' with the appropriate complements"
+staircase,noun,tsani
+stake,noun,"rino, rinu"
+stalk,noun,"(of plants) kara; (of corn, etc.) zangarni'a or zangarnia, pl. zangarnu, karamami or karmami; stalks (of beans, ground nuts) harawa; stalks of grass used for horses' food tutak(k)a"
+stall,noun,"(for cattle) garike or gerke, pl. garikuna or gerkuna, (for one horse) burga"
+stall,noun,"(= stand in market) rumbu, rumpa, pl. rumfuna"
+stammer,intransitive verb,inina or ina
+stammering,noun,ininan halshi
+stand,intransitive verb,"tsayi, tsaya or tsai which also = to s. up and to s. still"
+"stand, on which things are exposed for sale",noun,see stall 2
+standard,noun,"(of proportion, measure) see measure"
+standard,noun,"(= flag of a king) tuta or tuti, pl. tutoshi"
+star,noun,"tamraro or tauraro, pl. tamraru, taurorai and tamrai, tatsunia, pl. tatsuniai; spec. morning s. in harvest time gomdazaki tamraro; shooting s. mashi"
+stare,verb,also = to s. at (of curiosity) kal(l)o and yin kal(l)o
+start,verb,"intr. (= to move suddenly through fear, etc.) razan(n)a or razan(n)e; (of a horse) to s. or s. back zabura; (of restive horse) to s. tuma"
+start,verb,"intr. (= to move off, set out) tashi, sabko, safko or sapko"
+starve,intransitive verb,(= to perish by starvation) mutu da yunwa
+state,noun,(= condition) zama and zamanchi; intr. v. to come into a s. zama
+state,verb,see narrate
+stay,noun,"(= prop, support) mugam-(m)a"
+stay,intransitive verb,"zama, sauka or soka f 252; wanzu or wonzu, which also = delay; to s. at a place or occupation for a day only yini"
+steal,transitive verb,"sace or gache, yin sata, yin wawaus; spec. to s. goods wasoso; those who s. earnest money masutabin amana e 15"
+stealing,noun,"(= theft) sata, baran-"
+steam-boat,noun,a s.-b. is usually designated by hausas who have seen one by jirigin wuta or jirigin hayaki; so also locomotive s.-engine dokin wuta
+stem,noun,(of plants) kara
+stepfather,noun,agola (?)
+steps,noun,"mahayi, takawa, karangama; spec. s. formed of mud mataki, pl. matakai; s. by which to come down from a place mashidi; s. placed for mounting a horse lekafa and lekafan doki"
+sterile,adjective,see barren
+stew,transitive verb,"dafa, q.v"
+steward,noun,(= manager) wakili
+stewardship,noun,wakilchi
+stick,noun,"sanda, pl. sanduna, kulki, pl. kulaki f 107; walking s. kulki da hanu, (such as are used by the blind) jagora; s. cut from a tree and in this sense fem. itache or iche, pl. itatua, sumanjia; spec. heavy s. gom(m)i; s. carried by porters loko; s. used, when making tuo, to stir it muchia; small s. for stirring milk, etc. nabiriki or maburiki"
+stick,transitive verb,"intr. s., also s. to or together see adhere, cleave to"
+"stiff, to be",intransitive verb,gage or gaga
+"still, to be",intransitive verb,"kawaita, pass. impersonal, be still! akawaita"
+stinacy,noun,kinji
+stinate,adjective,"maikinji, pl. ma-sukinji; to be obstinate chuya"
+sting,transitive verb,"halbe, halbi or harbi, sare, tab(i)a"
+stinginess,noun,gerdama (?)
+stingy,adjective,"rowa, da rowa, bahili, geti"
+stink,noun,"doyi or dogi, wari"
+"stinking, to become",intransitive verb,zama wari
+stipulation,noun,"see condition 2, terms"
+stir,transitive verb,intr. (= to move oneself) yin motsi
+stirrup,noun,lekafa; iron s. kebe; stirrups of plaited leather kinami
+stock,noun,"(= seed, kind, tribe) iri, pl. irare"
+stomach,noun,"tumbi, pl. tumbuna"
+stone,noun,"duchi or dushi, pl. duatsu, duasu and daurawat tai; spec. flat stone for rolling rice on magurji; precious s. yakatu; a white s. (= pearl?) zaura, idon zaura; s. ball makodi; (the disease) marena; to sling a s. maju-jawa"
+stones,noun,"in coll. sense, small s. tariki; little s. taskua; very small s. tsok(k)ua; s. collected together"
+stool,noun,kushera
+stoop,intransitive verb,"sunkwiya or sunkuya, tsuguna or tsugun; to s. in order to look into a hole lekawa"
+stop,transitive verb,"intr. (e.g. of one walking, running, etc.) tsayi, tsaya or tsai; (= to come to an end) id"
+"stop, full",noun,guda
+store,transitive verb,also = to s. up aje; to s. up goods jibga or jibki; to s. up treasure taskache
+store,noun,(= supply laid up) ajiya
+store,noun,(= place for storing things) gunasakawa or gumasakawa
+store-house,noun,rumbu; fig. (a title given to mohammed) maiji
+store-keeper,noun,maiaji'a
+store-place,noun,see store 2
+store-room,noun,"taska, pl. taskaki"
+"storey, upper, in a house",noun,"kandaki, pl. kandakuna"
+"storing grain, chamber for",noun,"rafonia, pl. rafoni; large barn for s. g. rufogo"
+stork,noun,"shamowa or shamua; species awaiting identification are: maijika, borintumki; s. (pelican) jenjimi"
+storm,noun,hadari; whirling dust s. gugua (also pronounced gugwa); heavy rain s. ginaría or ginania
+story,noun,"karia, tasunia, pl. tasunioyi (latter also = s. told at night, a fireside s.) karatu or karatu"
+stout,adjective,"(of persons = fat, of things = thick) kabri or kauri, da kabri, da kauri"
+stout,adjective,see brave
+stove,noun,murufu
+stow,transitive verb,(= to lay up) aje
+straight,adjective,"sosai, daidai"
+strain,transitive verb,"(= to filter) rare; to s. out rare, tarare"
+strainer,noun,"marari, marare"
+"straining, to purify by",transitive verb,tachi or tashi; n. a calabash with holes for s. raria
+"strains, one who",noun,"mairarewa, pl. masurarewa"
+strangeness,noun,"bakonchi, bakontaka"
+stranger,noun,"bako, fem. bakua, pl. bakuna, baki and bakokuna, hadaka, pl. hadaku, bature or baturi; attention shown to strangers dawoinia; to act as a s. yin bakonchi or yin bakontaka"
+strangle,transitive verb,"shak(k)e, makure"
+"strap, tied to bit",noun,kamazoro
+stratagem,noun,"wayo or waya, hila or fila; to use s. gam(m)a with wayo or kai"
+straw,noun,"tsakuwa; s. hat malafa, pl. malafuna and malafai, garumfa, q.v"
+stream,noun,"rua, small running s. gebe; fast flowing s. koram(m)a; hollow of a s. kozozobe"
+street,noun,"hanya or haya, pl. hanyoyi; narrow s. maitasa'i or maidisai, cf. way"
+strength,noun,"(= inherent power or firmness) karfi or karfi, pl. karafa or karifuna; (= power over something else) iko, pl. ikoki; these terms differ as absolute and relative"
+strengthen,transitive verb,karifafa
+"stretch, forth",transitive verb,mika; intr. to be stretched forth or out miku
+stretching one's limbs sleepily,noun,magagin berichi
+strife,noun,"fad(d)a, fama; (= s. of tongues, contention) hayania or hania; they are all at s. duka sun fadda; to stir up s. tsokana"
+strike,transitive verb,"see beat 1 and the verbs given under blow n.; to s. (and so bruise, smash) falfas(a); to s. (also = to seize) mak(k)e; to s. a tent nad(d)e lema"
+string,noun,"igia or igiya, pl. igoyi and igiyoyi, silia or siliya, pl. siliyu or siliyoyi; spec. s. for tying up trousers mazar(i), zar(r)ia or zar(r)ia; strong white s. made of flax kirtani"
+strip,noun,of cloth kwaria; strip of black leather kwaro; to cut into strips reda
+strip,transitive verb,"kware or kwari; s. (skin of fruits, etc.) bare; to s. off garments tube riguna, debe riguna"
+stripe,noun,(= blow) fig. sanda; pl. sunduna d 44
+stripe,noun,"(in cloth, blue) saki, soki or soak'i; stripes (e.g. on bird, etc.) zane; having stripes"
+strive,intransitive verb,(= contend) musu; (= endeavour) see attempt
+stroke,noun,"mari, pl. marumari; see also blow"
+strokes,noun,see lines
+strong,adjective,"maikarfi, da karfi, karfe f 84; da tauri, tsauri, da qazo, isheshe, fem. ishashia, pl. ishasu; very s. karkarfu; to be s. gata; he is stronger than i ya buayeni; spec. adj. and n. s. in war gargami or garkami; very s. (epithet of lion) gadanga; s. man zari, kwodoki; s. men karifya; s. person gendi, fem. gendia, gorzo; s. slave kato, fem. katuwa"
+strongly,adverb,"da karfi, da kangara"
+stubble,noun,"kututura or kotutura; s. of guinea-corn, wheat, etc. tushia"
+stubborn,adjective,"(also = s. person) maikinji, pl. masukinji, da taurin zuciya"
+stubbornness,noun,"tauri, taurin zuciya"
+study,verb,(= to endeavour diligently) yin aniya
+stumble,intransitive verb,"tunsure, zami, yin tuntube, tuntube; to s. against a stone kar(r)o da duchi; to make or cause to s. damfare"
+stumbling of a horse,noun,sansarifa or sasarifa
+stump,noun,"of tree guzun itache, gatas na itache d 42, gungume, pl. gumagumai, kututura or kotutura q.v.; s. of a leg or arm dungu"
+stupid,adjective,"(= wanting in sense) marashankali, da babu hankali"
+stutter,intransitive verb,inina or ina
+stuttering,noun,ininan halshi
+subdue,transitive verb,(= to bring into subjection) kas(u); (to conquer
+subject,noun,"(= matter) tada, pl. tadoli"
+"subject to, to be",intransitive verb,(= to be characteristically prone to) turn by means of tarika
+"subjection, to bring into",transitive verb,see subdue
+submissive,adjective,"maiatankwas(a)a, pl. masutankwas(a)a"
+submissiveness,noun,tankwas(a)a
+submit,intransitive verb,tankwas(a)a or tankosa; refl. with kai
+subside,intransitive verb,"(e.g. of water) kaf(f)e, wuche, wushe, fuche; (= gen. to abate, lessen) reg(e), ragi and ragu"
+substance (of a statement),noun,kai
+substitute for something,noun,maimeki
+suburb,noun,"ungua, pl. unguaï"
+succeed,intransitive verb,"(= to be successful) 'iyes, 'iyesda; impers. it succeeds ya kama, ya yi; to s. (as heir) gáji or gáje"
+success (in war),noun,nas(s)ara and nas(s)archi; to obtain s. (in war) yin nas(s)ara
+suck,transitive verb,"tsotsa and tsotsa, sha; to s. a lime or lemon sha lemu; (of infants) sha nono; to s. in or up (e.g. as a sponge water) id"
+suckle,transitive verb,"(= to give suck to) goiyo or goyo, yin goiyo, ba nono"
+sudden,adjective,see quick 1
+suddenly,adverb,"da sauki, atake"
+suffer,transitive verb,intr. (= to undergo pain or distress) sha waha(l)a
+suffice,verb,is(s)a and ishe
+sufficient,adjective,"isheshe, fem. ishashia, pl. ishasu, also expressed by appending the impers. ya issu, ya ishe"
+"suffocate, suffocation",verb,"and n. see choke, choking"
+sugar-cane,noun,takanda or takanta
+suit,noun,(= claim at law) kára q.v.; to make or bring such kára and kai kára
+suit,verb,gamshe
+suitable,adjective,daidai
+sum,noun,"(= aggregate of numbers) kidda or kididiga, did(d)i-ga (9); (of a statement) see substance"
+summit,noun,"kai, pl. kawana and kawuna, bis(s)a"
+summon,transitive verb,kir(r)a or kir(r)aye; to s. to where the speaker is kir(r)awo
+sun,noun,"fem. rana or ra, pl. ranuka; the s. rose rana (ta fitta or) ta tashi; the s. set rana ta fadi, the s. is about to set rana ta kusa faduwa; halo round s. sansan(n)i; heat of the s. gum(m)i; orb of the s. rana gudanta (1), cf. d 64"
+sunday,noun,"lahadi, ranan lahadi"
+sunder,transitive verb,see divide
+"sunken eyes, one with",adjective,and n. maikworomi
+"sunrise, time of",noun,tasawal hantsi
+sunset,noun,fadawan rana; time just before s. sakalía
+sunstroke,noun,jeri
+superfluity,noun,wani q.v
+superfluous,adjective,fululuwa
+superior,adjective,"mafi̱chi; to be or prove s., to express 'this thing or this method is s.' use the impers. ya gara hakka, ya guma hakka, lit. it is better so, see also surpass"
+supplicate,transitive verb,(= to pray earnestly) barra
+support,noun,"madogara, makari, tankari; the last also fig"
+support,transitive verb,"(e.g. as a pole supports a tent) tokara; spec. to s. anything with the hand spread out talaba; to s. oneself with the palm of the hand daf(f)a, daf(f)awa"
+suppose,verb,"test(e)o, tsaut(e)o, zet-(t)o, tsachi or zache, tamaha; also trop. che"
+sure,adjective,see trustworthy
+"sure, to be or make",verb,tabbata or tabbéta
+surely,adverb,"(= certainly) tubbas, aje, ashe or ashi, da gas̱kia, da gas̱ke, gas̱kia, gas̱ke, haḵika; s. is also idiomatically expressed by the particle sai as well as the v. tabbata"
+surety for a debt,noun,"lamuni or lamini, (= person who is s.) mailamunta, pl. maulamunta; to be or become s. laminta and lamunche with acc"
+surpass,transitive verb,"fi, fíkowa a 70, dad(d)a also pronounced deddi"
+surrender,transitive verb,"(= to give up, resign) sal(l)ame"
+surround,transitive verb,"kewoye, kewaye d 165, or kewayi"
+suspend,transitive verb,"rataya or rataia, yin rataya"
+suspicion,noun,"zergi, matsin(n)a f 8"
+sustain,transitive verb,see support
+swaggering walk,noun,rongoda
+swallow,noun,"tsaijeewa, tsaiteewa or checheewa"
+swallow,transitive verb,hade
+swamp,noun,"kafo, tapki"
+swarm,noun,see multitude
+sway to and fro,intransitive verb,"rangaji, rauni; to s. the arms to and fro takama"
+swear,intransitive verb,"ranche, yin rantsua"
+sweat,noun,"and intr. v.; see perspiration, perspire"
+sweep,transitive verb,"shara or share, yin shara"
+sweet,adjective,"(to the taste) da zaki, tutushi, (= nice, agreeable, grateful to any sense or feeling) da dadi"
+sweetly,adverb,da dadi
+sweetmeat,noun,allewa; spec. s. made from the aia reed dakwa
+sweetness,noun,"(taste) zaki, dadi, the last gen. and of taste too"
+swell,intransitive verb,"kumbure or kumburi, and, with forms in na, kumburawa, (of a sore, etc.) yami"
+swell,intransitive verb,"fig. (= to be inflated with pride, etc.) kumbure, kumburi, kumburawa"
+swelling,noun,"(= a morbid enlargement) glandular s. kar(r)i; s. caused by guinea-worm hangara; internal s. suwa; s. on back doro d 14; s. on back of horse, etc. tura; s. on body kukui; slight s. on body kasawa or kazaua; s. in front of a man's body gugi, pl. gugui; s. on hand or foot kakari; the related plural form kek(k)arai = s. in the hands; s. on throat hangum"
+swim,intransitive verb,"iyo, yin iyo, futo, nus(e)"
+swindler,noun,"maizambachi or maizumbata, maizumba"
+swine,noun,"(domestic) gurusuna or gurusunu; (wild) hanzir, pl. hanzirai"
+swing to and fro,intransitive verb,lillo
+switch,noun,"(i.e. one for driving away flies, made from cow's or horse's tail) siga or esga"
+swollen with calamity,adjective,"kumburawa, cf. swell, fin"
+sword,noun,"takobi or takwobi, pl. takuba, kanaskaki; spec. s. with broad blade findi; s. with double sharp edge tagomas; s"
+sword-belt,noun,hamilu
+syphilis,noun,"chiutan birni, timjere or tumjere"
+syrup,noun,madya f 230
+table,noun,"rumpa, pl. rumpuna or rumfuna, maida; case or package used as a t. kabak(k)i, pl. kaboka"
+taciturn,adjective,(= habitually silent) turn by tarika q.v
+tack,verb,(i.e. in sewing) lalaf-tu
+tackle,noun,"(= implements, instruments, apparatus) kaya or kaia, pl. kayayeki"
+tail,noun,wutsia or wuchia; spec. cow's or horse's t. used as a switch siga or sega
+tailor,noun,"madamki, fem. madamkia, pl. madamkai"
+take,transitive verb,"gen. (= seize, lay hold of) kama, samu, dauka, doka, daau or do, karba, karibu, karbi or karbi; to t. (of an object running away, about to escape or resist) kama; (with the added notion of reaching, overtaking, finding) samu; (of taking or picking up an object from the ground, a table, shelf, etc.) dauka or doka; (of receiving) karba and especially as an imperative karbo q.v., also ungo or ungwo; to t. (= conduct, guide) kai"
+take,transitive verb,"various combinations of t. with preps., adverbs, etc. are: t. and bring tario and tareo; t. a thing to gabata da; t. away kai, kawa, kanda, kawas, kawasada, fige or figi, dauka or doka, taf(f)i da"
+tale,noun,"(= story) asuwia, pl. tausuioyi; (of fiction, unreal or false t.) karia, fara or hira, see story"
+talebearing,adjective,amanunichi
+talent,noun,see ability 2
+talk,noun,"(= conversation, mutual discourse) zanche or zanohi"
+talk,verb,"(= converse) zanche, tanka or tamka, the first with forms in na or with yi"
+"talkative, very",adjective,yanbaka
+tall,adjective,"dogo, fem. dogua, pl. dogaye; comp. taller and sup. tallest are expr. by fi, cf. h. gr. pp. 45, 46; very t. todolo"
+tallness,noun,tazao and tazwo
+talon,noun,chafja; spec. inside of a bird's t. desudumia
+tamarind tree,noun,tsamia
+tame,adjective,"(= subdued, domesticated), no general term, the distinction between t. and wild species being sometimes expressed by different words"
+tameness,noun,"(= easy disposition, want of spirit) lalafanchi"
+tan,transitive verb,jemi or jina
+tank,noun,see cistern
+tanner,noun,majemi or majima
+"tanning, a tree used for",noun,gab(b)ara
+tarry,intransitive verb,t. for (= to wait for) jira and jirache
+tarry,intransitive verb,(= to delay) yin yauchi
+task,noun,"alameri, and in a general sense aiki"
+taste,transitive verb,(= to try the flavour of) dandana and dandasi
+taste,transitive verb,fig. (= to experience) sha
+tasteless,adjective,"lamî and da lamî, da babu zaƙi"
+taster,noun,madandani b 17
+tasty,adjective,"(of food, etc., nice to taste) da daɗi, da zaƙi"
+taught,adjective,"(= well instructed, learned) karanta"
+tax,noun,"humushi; spec. t. paid on leaving a country garam(m)a, fit(e); the latter also = t. paid to king in kano market when buying a slave, cf. taxes"
+tax-collector,noun,"ajali, jekada"
+taxes,noun,"gen. kurdin kasa, jinga; to pay t. yin jinga"
+teach,transitive verb,koyia or koya
+teacher,noun,malikiya
+teaching,noun,(= the act of teaching and also doctrine) koyiawa
+tear,noun,"(also coll. = tears) hawaye; with tears da hawaye; to shed tears yin hawaye, shurfe"
+tear,noun,"(= rent in clothes, etc.) yagua"
+tear,transitive verb,"(clothes, paper, etc.) yaga"
+teeth,noun,"pl., all the t. together matamma; back t. grub(o); front t. haur; a person who has no t. maidaasashi; being without t. gigî"
+tell,transitive verb,"(= to inform, also to command) faɗ(d)a or faɗ(d)i"
+temper,noun,"(= disposition) hal(i)i, pl. hal(i)ai; evil t. halin mugu; (= irritation, passion) haushi"
+tempest,noun,"hadari, ginaría"
+temple,noun,"(place of worship) masallachi, pl. masallatai"
+tempt,transitive verb,"(= to test one, put him to trial) jaraba (a 65) or jarabe, yin jarabi"
+tempt,transitive verb,"(in bad sense, to allure, mislead) rude"
+temptation,noun,(= trial) jaraba
+tempter,noun,"(i.e. in sense of tempt 2) marude or marude, pl. maruda"
+tend,transitive verb,(to watch cattle) kiwo
+tendency,noun,takitaki c 17
+tender,adjective,"(= soft, in a material sense) tapshi, tafshi or tabeh; to be or to make t. yin tapshi; the t. leaf dainye or dainyi, pl. dainyoyi"
+tent,noun,lema; to pitch a t. kaf(f)a lema; to take down a t. nad(d)e lema
+tenth,noun,"of number. 1. (= one part of ten) ushuri. 2. (one t. devoted to religious purposes, alms) zak(k)a f 17"
+tenth,adjective,"nagoma, fem. tagoma"
+tentpole,noun,tankari; tentpoles coll. shikashiki as well as its pl. shikashikai
+"tents, a collection of",noun,tarika or tariki
+terebinth,noun,guwiki
+term,noun,"(= limit, end, boundary) iyaka"
+term,noun,"(= time a thing lasts) zamani, cf. also seq"
+terminate,verb,"see end, finish"
+termite,noun,"gara (also used as coll.), pl. garani"
+terms,noun,"pl. (= conditions, stipulations) sharatsa"
+terrify,transitive verb,"tsorata, bada tsoro"
+terror,noun,"abstr. (the emotion) tsoro, tsantsanta, razan(n)a or razan(n)i; without t. da babu razan(n)i b 46"
+terror,noun,"concr. (= an object of t.) abin tsoro, etc., mahawayi"
+test,transitive verb,dandana or damdani; spec. to t. anything by smelling it sunsuma or sonsoma; to t. weight of a load jijiga
+testimony,noun,"shaida, pl. shaidai and shaidodi; to adduce t. kai (and kawo) shaida which also = to bear t., as do shaida and yin shaida"
+text,noun,(of the koran) nassi
+thank,transitive verb,"gode, barka, gaida, gaishe; the clipt engl. phr. 'thank you' na gode maka or godia; 'no thank you' albarka or alberka q. v"
+thanks,noun,"(to men) gode, yab(i)a"
+"thatch, grass used for",noun,"bunu, pl. bunai"
+thatched roof,noun,"tanka, jibga or jibki"
+"thatching, a leaf used for",noun,fitta; large reeds used for t. maiwa
+theatre,noun,'gid(d)an wasa
+theft,noun,"sata, sani or suane"
+then,adverb,"(= at that time) sa'an̄an, lokachinan, yanda, yaenda, yaen̄anan, yawan̄da (); (= t. and not till t. or and t.) kana, kan, kanda"
+thence,adverb,dag(g)a chan
+there,adverb,"chan, dag(g)a chan, wuri chan, awuri chan; t. is, t. are, etc. akoi d 9, 29, 36"
+thick,adjective,"kabri or kauri, da kabri, da kauri"
+thief,noun,"barao, fem. baraunia, pl. baraye or barai, maisata; spec. a market t. maiauni"
+thieving,noun,"barakonchi, birkonchi; sata, sani or suane; secret t. ja chikli d 9 note"
+thigh,noun,"chinia, pl. chinioyi, katara, karfata or karifata q.v.; it was almost larger than my t. ya kusa fin chiniata da girma"
+thin,adjective,"(= fine, as flour, dust, etc.) laushi or loshi; (= not stout) ba kabri, babu kabri; (= lean, emaciated) arame"
+thing,noun,"abu, connective abin, pl. abubua for which abu may be used; (in the gen. sense of matter, subject) tada, pl. tadodi; things created talikai"
+think,verb,"(= to reflect, ponder) tuna, tunane; to t. of, or about tuna da; (= to deem) tset(i)o, tsat(i)o, zet(i)o, tsachi or zache"
+thirst,noun,kishirwa; to feel t. jin kishirwa
+thirsty,adjective,"da kishirwa, izamwa d 92 (†)"
+thither,adverb,"of place words = there employed nan, chan, wurichan"
+"thorns, a quantity of",noun,coll. -kayeta
+though,conjunction,"koda, saidai a 16"
+thought,noun,"tunane, fem. tunama, pl. tunanu, matuna or matunan, tamaha, matamache"
+thread,noun,"zar(r)e, zar(r)i a 75, abaua; spec. very fine t. ar-rafia"
+"threat, empty",noun,alwashi
+threaten,verb,yin kurar(r)i
+threatening,noun,kurar(r)i; a t. discourse foro
+thresh,transitive verb,"dakka, sis(e)ika or sus(e)ika, buga"
+thresher,noun,maiataki
+threshing floor,noun,"maisi(e)ika, wurin sis(e)ika, mabugi, pl. mabugai, fak(k)o"
+threshold,noun,garam(m)a and dan garam(m)a
+thrive,verb,(= to prosper) yin ar-ziki
+throat,noun,"makurua, makógoro, pl. makogorai, makoshi; spec. swelling on t. makoko, hangum"
+throne,noun,"kusheran sariki, kushara"
+throng,noun,"taru, pl. tarori, firmaki, cf. crowd"
+throttle,transitive verb,"murda, makure"
+throttler,noun,mirdago or murdago
+throw,transitive verb,"yes, yesda, jefa"
+"thrush, bird resembling",noun,gado
+thrust,transitive verb,"zonkutsa f 93, see push; to t. through (= pierce) soka, soke or soki"
+thumb,noun,baban yatsa
+thunder,noun,tsawa; distant rolling
+thursday,noun,alhamis or rana alhamis
+thus,adverb,"(= in this or that way or manner) hak(k)a, hak(k)a-nan, kaza; the last is also used (see under so, such) where the speaker mentions the way or manner, but the actual author of the account avoids it"
+tidings,noun,see news
+tie,transitive verb,"damre, daure, damra or darni g 4, rataya or rataia, sarkafe; to t. up together goiyo or goyo; spec. to t. up kola nuts sufuri, sufurchi or sufili"
+till,preposition,and conj. see until
+till,transitive verb,"noma, nomi or nome, . . maimai"
+tiller,noun,"(i.e. of the ground) mainoma or mainomi, pl. masunoma, malakafchi"
+time,noun,"lokaci, sa'a, yayi, zamani, zamani, (also found as pl.) zamani"
+timid,adjective,matsorata
+tin,noun,"sinaderi, shinaderi or sunaderi"
+tinder,noun,"alhowami, sometimes pronounced alfoami"
+tinge,transitive verb,rin(n)i or rin(n)a
+tip,noun,"(of the finger) dan yasa, (of the ear) dan kunne"
+tire,transitive verb,"intr. (= to be fatigued, weary) gaje, gaji, jin gajia"
+tithe,noun,(= tenth part) ushuri
+tithe,noun,"t. or tithes (= one-tenth devoted to religious purposes, alms) zak(k)a"
+title,noun,"(= name, appellation) suna, pl. sunua or sunanaki; spec. a t. of respect given to the heir to the throne in kano and to the galladima in zaria daudu"
+to-day,adverb,"yau, also pronounced yo; existing t. mai̱yo b 3, 21"
+to-morrow,noun,"gobe; possessor of t. maigobe b 3, 21; the day after t. jibi, the day after jibi is called gata, that after gata, i.e. the third day after t. chitta"
+toad,noun,"kwado, pl. kwadodi, en-gurdigi (?), spec. sick t. with swelling on back kwozo"
+toari تُوَارِ,noun,"cough; yin t., to cough"
+tobacco,noun,"taba, t.-pipe tukuniari taba; to smoke t. shan taba"
+tobe,noun,"riga, pl. riguna a 11; spec. black or blue t. rigan saki; t. of black or shiny blue cloth kore; red t. jeb(b)a; white t. gare, pl. garuruka, girke; a white t. used esp. by the nupés kwakwa̱ta"
+toddle,intransitive verb,dubbo dubbo
+toe,noun,"yasa, pl. yasosi, yasan kaffa; big t. baban yasa; spec. a disease of the toes kudumbia"
+together,adverb,"tare, gab(b)adai, taro or taru b 158, jeni; t. with tare da; t. with this (= notwithstanding) tare da wonan; v. to put t. tara; to put up t., to gather t. gangana; to be gathered t. (= to assemble) taru; to come t. with violence kar(r)a or kar(r)o; to go t. tare"
+toil,noun,(= fatigue) ta'ba
+toil,intransitive verb,"ta'ba, shama; to t. for tsururi, dawoniya"
+token,noun,"shaida, pl. shaidai and shaidodi"
+toll,noun,"humushi (lit. one-fifth), cf. tax"
+tomato,noun,"gauta, pl. gautaye; plant with fruit like large t. yalo, pl. yaluna"
+tomb,noun,"kushewa or kusheya, pl. kusheyi, wurin kushewa, wurin bisne, kabari, barzahu f 70"
+tongs,noun,"awortak(k)i or hawa̱r-tek(k)i, ansaki or hansaki"
+tongue,noun,"(the bodily member) halshi or harshì, pl. halshina"
+tongue,noun,(= a particular language) see language 2
+too,adverb,"(= likewise) kua, kuma, ma"
+too,adverb,(more than enough) express by the verbs faye and buaye
+tools,noun,pl. kaya or kaia or the pl. kayayeki
+tooth,noun,"hani, haƙ(k)ori, pl. haƙ(k)ora; first t. of a child matamni, pl. matamna; back teeth gub(b)o; spec. t.-brush, made of bristles of a tree dashi; t.-gaping n. used of one who has lost two teeth gibi"
+toothless,adjective,maidasashi; n. condition of being t. gigi
+top,noun,"kai, pl. kawana, kawana and kawuna, bis(i)a or abis(i)a, kodi; on the t. of akan, bis(i)a or abis(i)a"
+"topple over, to",intransitive verb,yin kun-duma
+torch,noun,bakin wuta
+torment,noun,"tsanani, gobara (orig. = the fire) b 12; spec. place of t. for unbelievers gumki or gamki, pl. gumaka; to suffer t. jin tsananta"
+torment,transitive verb,"tsananta, tsane, tsani, tsanache"
+"torn off, a half",noun,tsayi
+tornado,noun,haderi
+torrent,noun,koram(m)a
+tortoise,noun,"kunkuru, kifta; a small t. kafarji"
+toss,transitive verb,"(of cattle, etc. when butting, goring) tunkuda, tun-guji or tunkui"
+total,noun,(= sum or amount reached by reckoning) see calculation 2
+tottering,adjective,agaga
+touch,transitive verb,tab(b)a
+towards,preposition,"ga, before pronouns gare, also with dag(g)a"
+towel,noun,"bante, pl. bantuna, kalkaf(f)i"
+town,noun,"large, walled t. birni, pl. birane or birnua; small, unwalled t. gari, pl. garurua, and garigaru; quarter of a t. shiya or shia, pl. shiyoyi; cf. suburb"
+toy,noun,(= plaything) abin worigi
+track,noun,"(= beaten path) tafariki, tafarki, tafarke or tafraka"
+trade,noun,"fadake, chiniki"
+trade,intransitive verb,"yin fadake, yin chiniki; to t. successfully chin kasua"
+trader,noun,"fadake or maifadake, falke, pl. fadake, maifatauchi, maidilanchi, tajiri and attajiri, dan kasua"
+trading,noun,"fatauchi, dilanchi"
+tradition,noun,"(= doctrine orally handed down) sunna b 16, c 42"
+traduce,transitive verb,see calumniate
+trample,transitive verb,"taka, intensive form tataka or tatake"
+transform,transitive verb,sauya and sawaya
+transgress,intransitive verb,"(= to do wrong) yin laifi, (= to commit sin) yin zunufi"
+translate,verb,see interpret 1
+transport,noun,"animals used for t. alaro; oxen used for t. takarikari, pl. takarikarai"
+trap,noun,"hak(k)o, pl. hak(k)oki, fig. (= a thing leading into harm or error) id.; t. for rat burma or burma; t. for wild animals turko; to lay or set a t. hak(k)o with yi or the forms in na, fig. id"
+travail,intransitive verb,see toil
+travail,noun,(= severe labour) see toil
+travail,noun,(= pains of childbirth) wohal(l)an hajfua; to be in t. nakuda
+travel,intransitive verb,taf(f)ia; also taf(f)ia with yi and the forms in na
+"traveller, fellow",noun,"abokin taf(f)ia, maraki"
+travelling for trade,noun,fatauchi
+travelling-ant,noun,"also coll. kwarikwas(s)a, kwalkwas(s)a or kwarukwas(s)a"
+tread,verb,"to t. down tataka or tatake; to t. down with the feet tak(k)e or taka; to t. on take, to t. upon (to crush) laze"
+treasure,noun,"wadi(a), taska; treasures ajiya, azaua f 94; royal t. stored up kambi"
+treasury,noun,"taska, pl. taskoki"
+tree,noun,"itache (sokoto itashe f 94) or iche, pl. itatua; in this sense the word is masc. (a stick cut from a t. i.e. itache is usually regarded as fem.), a dried-up, withered t. kobrin itache; also kwauri and kwabri, pl. kwaburuka; a t. when used to hang meat on jigo, pl. jiguna; a pair of trees so planted as to grow into one gam(m)inbanta. the following, most of which await identification, are grouped according to their characters and uses—a large species of t. sherinia; large t. with milk-white sap chedia; a large, shady t. gimshi; large, shady t., fruit resembles kola-nut durumi; large t. with white berries, under which rain collects during rainy season gawo, pl. gawake; large t. with poisonous fruit zangarami; small poisonous species of euphorbia t. kumkumia; a small t. tsatsagi; small t. with white leaves sabur(r)a; tall, straight t. dilo; a thorny t. with hard wood like mahogany dakwora; the following have edible fruit—a large t. kadaura; a large t., leaves also used to feed cattle kokia; a t. with reddish wood baushi; a t. whose wood turns red by exposure madobia; a small t. bana; a small red-flowered t. gaude; molasses (mad(d)i) is made from the edible fruit of the following dumia, taura and kainya or kaiwa; a large, bushy t. (zizyphus spina christi), with red edible berries kurna; a t. resembling kurna and having red wood mijiria or misiria; zizyphus lotus, its fruit made into cakes magaria; robinia pseudacacia, its fruit (kalwa) eaten in soup doruwa or dorowa, cf. dodowa; the fruit of a red-flowered t. of which soup (mia) is made soborodo; a small t. with reddish wood and edible leaves narike; haobab or monkey-bread t. (adansonia digitata), its fruit eaten and its leaves used for making soup kuka;—t. grown on roof from which blacksmith's charcoal is made kiria or kiriya; t. from which india-rubber is obtained gumji or gamji; large t. with white thorns used in making ink fara-kaya; large t. from which a sweet scent is obtained maje; a large t. (?)asclepias gigantea, from bark of which ropes and from its blossoms a medicine for women are made tumfafa, pl. tumfafi; t. from whose bark small ropes are made tawas(a); the silk cotton t. (eriodendron bombax) rimi; t. whose leaves furnish"
+tremble,intransitive verb,"(with terror, cold, etc.) firgita, raura, zazaga"
+"trembles, one who",noun,"makartata d 43, maikartanta d 46"
+trespass,intransitive verb,see transgress
+trial,noun,"(= putting to the proof, testing) jarabi, jaraba"
+tribe,noun,"iri, pl. irare, kawan"
+tribunal,noun,wurin sheria
+tribute,noun,"humushi, gandu or gundu, kurdin kas(a); t. money kurdin gandu; spec. t. paid by the heathen tara; cf. tax"
+trick,noun,(= dexterous artifice) bamanki; wayo
+trickery,noun,(= fraudulent deception) birkonchi
+trim,transitive verb,(to put in order) gerta
+trip,intransitive verb,"tunsure, yin tuntube, the last is used as a tr. and intr. v"
+triumph,noun,see victory
+troop,noun,see company
+trot,intransitive verb,(of a horse) kil(l)isa
+trot,noun,"jirigi or jirgi, pl. jirage"
+trouble,noun,"(= distress) woahal(l)a or wahal(l)a, ta'ba f 68, sa-"
+trouble,noun,"one who bears t. maiwohala(l)(a), one who causes t. mahas(s)adi"
+trouble,verb,"tr. wohalshe, ta'ba, sananche and tsananta, has(s)ada, alale, haiyet(i)a, refl. (= to trouble oneself) yin wohal(i)a, wohalda or wahalda; do not t. (= feel distressed) kadada ka wohalda kanka, (as a polite exp. = spare yourself the t.) keiyay kanka"
+"troublesome, what is",noun,kuma-nanchi; adj. da wuya
+trousers,noun,"(i.e. the loose, baggy native t.) wando or wondo, pl. wanduna or wonduna a 11, f 202; spec. two pieces of cloth sewn on at bottom of native t. kamunkaf(f)a; trouser-string maazargi"
+true,adjective,"gen. da gaskia, da gaske, gaskia and gaske, (of persons = veracious, sound, honest) maigaskia, (= faithful) salihi, pl. salihai"
+truly,adverb,"da gaskia, da gaske, gaskia, gaske; 'aje, ashe, hakika, aiwa or ewa, ainin"
+trumpet,noun,"kafo or kafo, pl. kafoni and kafuna, kakaki"
+trumpeter,noun,"maikafo, maibusa (lit. blower)"
+trunk,noun,"(= small box, usually of leather) sanduki, pl. sandukai"
+trunk,noun,(= proboscis of elephant) hanuṅ giwa
+trunk,noun,"(t. of a tree) kwabri, kwauri, kobrin itache, kotutura"
+trust,noun,"(= confidence, certainty of safety) amāna, shaduda or saduda, (also = reliance on truth or right) gaskia b 19, (= the depositing of money etc. with anyone) sabtu, saptu or sotu"
+trust,intransitive verb,"or t. in (= rely on) dogare, dangana, shaduda or saduda, ingata, sakan kache"
+trustee,noun,madaukan bashi
+trustworthy,adjective,"(= to be relied on, depended on) yardāji or yı̄rdāji, ingatachi, tab(b)a-tache, fem. tab(b)atachia"
+truth,noun,gaskia; phr. the t. of the matter konan magana; to speak the t. ba gaskia; to establish the t. gaskata or gaskanta
+try,transitive verb,"(= make trial of) see trial; (= endeavour), kokari, yin kokari, tab(b)a (or bada) kokari"
+tsokali or chokali تُوْكَلِ or چُوكَلِ,noun,wooden spoon
+tuarek,noun,"gent. asben, pl. asbenawa"
+tuesday,noun,rana talata
+tuft of hair,noun,on the head tuku or tikuwa; t. o. h. in the middle of the head zanko; cf. hair
+tug,transitive verb,(= to haul along) ja
+tumult,noun,(= noisy clamour of a multitude) hargowa; t. (e.g. of war) falmaki
+turban,noun,"rawani, pl. rawuna; spec. small red, white-bordered t. zubuta; t. of white muslin harsa or hirsa; white muslin for making t. zabuta; white stuff for making t. mabur(r)us"
+turkey,noun,"talatalu, agagaya"
+turn,transitive verb,(= to change or change into) tr. and intr. see change
+"turn in, a., at the edge of a garment",noun,shafi
+turtle,noun,kunkuru
+turtle-dove,noun,"kurichia, pl. kuri-"
+tusk,noun,"an elephant's t. haurin giwa, hauri; cf. ivory"
+twig,noun,"hamso; itache, q.v"
+twilight,noun,(that before dawn) jijif also jijif b 56
+twinkling of an eye,noun,(= a moment of time) keptawan ido
+twins,noun,"pl. tuguai, tuguaye or taguaye; spec. next child born after twins gumbo"
+twist,transitive verb,"kis(o)o (e.g. the hair); t. (e.g. the neck) murda; (e.g. thread) murje; (e.g. a piece of cloth) jainye; (in plaiting rope, etc.) tubka, tufka or tupka"
+twisted,adjective,kis(o)o
+udder,noun,"nono, pl. nonua"
+ugly,adjective,babu keau
+ulcer,noun,"gembo, pl. gembuna; cf. scab"
+umbrella,noun,"tuta or tuti, pl. tutoshi d 68"
+unalloyed,adjective,safi or safe; cf. unmixed
+unbecoming,adjective,"haram, ba daidai"
+unbeliever,noun,"kafiri, pl. kafirai and kafirawa"
+unbind,transitive verb,"kunche, kunchi"
+uncertain,adjective,"da zuchia biu; u. thought (= doubt) tset(t)o, tsat(t)o or zet(t)o; to be u. sauraroo; i am u. ina da zuchia biu"
+uncertainty,noun,"(a state of doubt) kokonto, tambaba, tantam(m)a"
+unchaste,adjective,see profligate
+unchastity,noun,zallantaka
+"uncle, maternal",noun,rafa
+unclean,adjective,"(= dirty, foul) da dauda, kazami; ceremonially u. haram, da haram"
+uncleanness,noun,"(in a physical sense) dauda; (in a wider sense) kazamta, jaraba, the last of moral pollution"
+uncooked,adjective,dainye; u. flesh nama dainye; n. anything u. gaya
+uncover,transitive verb,yaye (†)
+under,adverb,"and prep. kalkashin, kalkashin or karkashin"
+underneath,adverb,cf. preceding
+understand,verb,"ji, fahimta or fahumta, yin ziaya e 11, 20"
+understanding,noun,"(= comprehending, comprehension) fahimchi, fahami, ziaya, kerre or kari; cf. prec.; (= knowledge, cleverness) asanchi or azanchi; see also ability 2"
+undoe,transitive verb,"see untie (= to annul, render vain) wofinta; (= to ruin) bata"
+undress,verb,"debe or debo, tube, fit(a)sada all with riguna, etc"
+uneven,adjective,(of a surface) see rough
+unfortunate,adjective,"and n. masiachi, pl. masiata"
+ungird,transitive verb,sinche
+ungrateful,adjective,"butulu, 'maibutulchi (sok. maibutulshi)"
+uniawful,adjective,"da haram or haram; n. anything u. or what is u. haram or haramu, abin haram, shirku; u. gain or profit haramia"
+unique,adjective,kad(d)aichi
+unite,transitive verb,gam(m)a; intr. to u. closely garewoya c 20 note
+unity,noun,daianchi; spec. to profess the u. of god tauhida or tauhidi a 48
+unjust,adjective,"(= unfair, wrongful) taulumi; (= wicked, gen.) da haram or haram; n. what is u. haram or abin haram; cf. seq"
+unless,conjunction,"sai, saiko"
+unload,transitive verb,"gen. shid(d)a or shid(a)e; to u. camels, etc. sahka, sabki or sapka"
+unmixed,adjective,"(= pure from admixture) tsalka, tsatsalka, safi, safe"
+unprofitable,adjective,"babu anfãni, da babu anfãni, banza, babu riba"
+unripe,adjective,"dainye or dainyi, pl. dainyoyi"
+unsympathetic,adjective,"magaya or magauchi, pl. magata"
+untie,transitive verb,"kunche or kwanche, sunche or sinche"
+"until, till",preposition,"and conj. har, hal or hal, prep"
+unto,preposition,"(a strengthened form of to) ga; with pronouns gare, zuwa, ya zuwa; in correlative expressions combined with har"
+untrue,adjective,kakari; the n. karia (= engl. 'a story') is constantly used in this sense
+unwell,adjective,"reshin lafiya, maras-lafai; cf. ill"
+up,adverb,"(= upwards, aloft) bis(e)a, abis(e)a"
+uphold,transitive verb,(= to support
+upon,preposition,"bis(e)a or abis(e)a, which may also be followed by ga"
+uproar,noun,hautsina
+upset,verb,"intr. to u. or to be u. (of men, etc.) tunzure; (of a boat) durime or dirime"
+"upside down, to turn",transitive verb,"jirkiche, jiche or jichi"
+urinate,intransitive verb,"boli, also seq. with the forms in na or with yi"
+urine,noun,fitsare
+usage,noun,"(= custom) ada, tada, pl. tadodi"
+use,noun,"(= utility, also advantage"
+use,transitive verb,"(to employ) no general term, must be turned"
+useful,adjective,"da amfani, mai amfani b 44; it is u. shina da akibia"
+useless,adjective,"babu amfani, banza"
+"uselessly, to work",intransitive verb,sunkwia or sunkuya c 4
+uselessness,noun,wofi
+utility,noun,see use
+vagabond,adjective,gujeje
+vain,adjective,"(= empty, worthless) banza, kakari; in v. banna; (= conceited) wawa; to be v. wawata"
+valley,noun,see ravine
+value,noun,(= estimated worth in money) see price
+vanity,noun,"(= emptiness, worthlessness) kakari, abin wofi; (= conceit, foolishness) wawata"
+vapour,noun,"(= mist, fog) hazo; v. rising in hot sun kawalwalmia"
+variance,noun,"(= dissension, disagreement) see discord"
+variation,noun,see difference
+various,adjective,dabam dabam
+vase for scent,noun,wukia
+veal,noun,naman marak(i)
+"vegetable, a, used in making soup",noun,rige
+veil,noun,"long v. lulubi, lulube or lilibi, zan(e), lulubi; v. worn by a king amawuli"
+veil,transitive verb,lulubi or lulube
+vein,noun,"jijiya, pl. jiwoji; veins coll. dug(g)urwa"
+"velvet cloth, kind of",noun,yapki
+"vengeance, to take",verb,"rama, presential form ramawa"
+venison,noun,naman daji
+verily,adverb,"hakika, anche or enche, ai, da gaskia, iyo"
+verse of the koran,noun,"aya (a connective form aiar f 19, 24, 42, 158), pl. ayoyi"
+vertigo,noun,gigita
+very,adverb,dayawa most frequently with the expression thrown into a nominal form
+vessel,noun,"(= utensil for holding anything) tukunia, pl. tukane or tukunane; v. made of clay kasko, pl. kasaki; v. made of skin tandu; spec. any small white v. tamgaram"
+vessel,noun,see boat
+veteran,noun,(= an experienced soldier) maitasi or maidasai
+vex,transitive verb,"woholashe, refl. to v. oneself woholada"
+vexation,noun,haushi; cf. anger
+"vexed, to be",intransitive verb,jin haushi
+vice,noun,(= profligacy) zina
+vice,noun,"(= a defect, blemish) aibu"
+victory,noun,"nas(s)ara, nas(s)archi, bijinta; to gain a v. nas(s)ara with yi or samu"
+victuals,noun,"abinci, tuo, chima or chimaka"
+view,noun,see sight 2
+vigorously,adverb,da kangara
+vile,adjective,"kazami, dunia"
+village,noun,"alkaria, pl. alkariyu; small v. kauye, pl. kauyuka; little v. gimi"
+villain,noun,"mainasifa, pl. masu-masifa, mugun mutum"
+villainy,noun,"(= mischief, wickedness) masifa, mugunta"
+vinegar,noun,"ruan tsami, yami"
+violence,noun,"(i.e. tyrannical or wrongful v.) tsanani, abin tsanani; (= physical force) karifi"
+violent person,noun,maitsanani
+virgin,noun,"budurwa, pl. budurwai, gorua or gobrua, kurikia or kurkia, pl. kurikoki c 18"
+vision,noun,see sight 1
+visit,transitive verb,"jiwayi or jiwayi; spec. of a religious v. to a shrine or holy person ziara, ziara, also zayi"
+visitor,noun,"bako, fem. bakua, pl. bakuna, baki or bakokuna"
+vizier,noun,waziri
+"voice, loud",noun,"muria or muriya, pl. murioyi"
+"void, to make",transitive verb,wofinta
+vomit,verb,"yin amai, tumbudi"
+voracity,noun,zowari
+vowels,noun,hajeet; points or v. (?)
+vulture,noun,"angulu, angulu or augulu, fem. angula or agula; the fishing v. jayaki; cf. mekia"
+"wag the head, to",verb,(in token of assent) ged(d)a and ged(d)a kai; also kada kai; to w. or move the head (in token of dissent) kauda kai
+"wage war, to",verb,yin yaki
+wail,noun,kuka
+wail,verb,kuka with yi or the forms in na
+wait,intransitive verb,"gen. expressed by means of jima, pass. anjima"
+"wait, lying in",noun,"fak(k)o, kwanto; a place for lying in w. mafak(k)a"
+"wait, to lie in",intransitive verb,"yin fak(k)o, aranfaki"
+"wake, to",intransitive verb,"(= cease to sleep) falaka or fallka, tashi"
+"wale, made by a whip etc.",noun,"kulu, pl. kulayi"
+walk,noun,"(= pathway) hanya, pl. hanyoyi; also fig. of the religious w"
+walk,intransitive verb,"(= to move slowly on foot) yawo or yáa, yin yawo; these are used of the act of walking itself and of promenading, taking a w., also shuwaki; very frequently in this sense the phr. shan hiska is combined with yawo and tafii"
+wall,noun,"katanga, garu, berza"
+"wallow, to",intransitive verb,bingira
+"wand, carried by officials",noun,rukuke
+"wander, to",intransitive verb,spec. to w. as a beggar afar alone kas-(s)ada; fig. to w. from (= stray from) path sau haniya or tafarki
+wandering,noun,yawo
+wane,intransitive verb,ragu
+want,noun,"(= need, lack) reshi or ras(h)i"
+want,noun,"(= penury) see indigence, poverty; v. to be in w. of ras(a)"
+wanting,participle,"(= lacking, devoid of) prefix maras-"
+wanton,noun,see profligate
+wantonness,noun,see vice 1
+war,noun,"yaki, pl. yakuna or yakoke; spec. a holy war"
+war-horse,noun,maihar(r) a 74
+"ward off, to",transitive verb,"tsara, tsari, tsaro, tsarima"
+"warm, to",transitive verb,to w. the hands gas(s)a hannu; refl. to w. oneself at a fire and intr. to become w. jin wuta
+warn,transitive verb,"haberta, kaderta, also galkadi with yi or the forms in na"
+warning,noun,"galkadi, habertawa"
+warrior,noun,"mayaki, gunguma, jajirma, jarimi, bage, fig. (lit. a large snake) gumsheka, (lit. the black snake) maasao; boastful w. goyara; chief w. rago, pl. raguna; invincible w. duma-muss; royal w. sa-mayi; strong w. gizgari; w. without load, i.e. carrying only arms sunkuru; cf. soldier"
+wash,transitive verb,wanke or wanka
+washing,noun,gaski f 90; w. of clothes kalai; w. of the hair tsapta
+wasp,noun,"zurnako, rina"
+waste,transitive verb,"(= spoil, destroy) bata, batas, banna; to w. money (i.e. dissipate, squander) batas (and kas(s)he) kurdi; to lay w. yin kad(d)aia"
+waste,noun,"(= destruction, harm, loss) berna or birna, banna"
+waste,noun,(= wilderness) daji
+watch,noun,"(time-piece) lottu, sa'a"
+watch,verb,"tsara, tsari, tsare, tsaro and tsarima; to w. carefully duba or dubo; to w. cattle kiwo"
+water,noun,"rua, pl. ruwa; cold w. ruan dari; hot w. ruan zafi, ruan (demi or) dumi; drinking w. ruan sha; a sip of w. guwa; a body of flowing w. tabki, tapki or tafki; beam for drawing water jigo, pl. jiguna, kutura"
+water-pot,noun,"tulu a 26, pl. tulina; spec. pumpkin or gourd from which w.-pots are made duma"
+water-trough,noun,"(for cows, etc.) jirgi or jirgi, pl. jirage"
+waterside,noun,(watering-place) mashaya
+watery,adjective,da rua
+wattles of a cock,noun,lebatu
+wave,transitive verb,"(= to move to and fro) shil(l)a, reto; she is waving her kerchief tana gilgiza kal-labinta"
+wax,noun,"(from the ear) kwanyang kune, daudan kune"
+way,noun,"(= road and also fig. of religion, etc.) hanya or haya, pl. hanyoyi, tafarki, tafarki, tafarka or tafrika, pl. tafarkoki, turuba, pl. turubobi; (of temper, character) ha(l)li, pl. ha(l)lai"
+weak,adjective,"reshin karifi, maras-karifi, babu karifi, kumama, laifi c 1 note; v. i am growing w. ina kasada karifi"
+weakness,noun,kumamanchi
+wealth,noun,"see property, riches"
+wealthy,adjective,see rich 1
+wean,transitive verb,yaye or yaye
+weaned child,noun,yeye or yaye; person who takes charge of a w. ch. id
+wear,transitive verb,sa (lit. put on); pass. (= to be clothed with) asa
+weariness,noun,gajia
+weary,adjective,"da gajia, angashe; v. to feel w. jin gajia"
+weary,transitive verb,gaje
+"weather, fine",noun,duniya dadi; we have f. w. to-day rana nagari ne
+weave,verb,saka
+weaver,noun,ag. masaki or masaka; weaver's loom takala; weaver's shuttle masaka
+"weaving, walk up and down as women when",intransitive verb,wud(d)ari or wod(d)ari
+"web, spider's",noun,sumya
+wedding,noun,see marriage; w. festivities amarcha
+wednesday,noun,"rana laraba, laraba"
+weed,transitive verb,yin tsintsan chiawa
+weep,intransitive verb,yin hawaye
+weigh,transitive verb,"auna, auni or auna, yin awo; pass. actions are weighed ayuka awunsu f 139, god(d)a"
+weight,noun,"(= measured heaviness) awo; for particular measures of w. see miskal, rotel; v. to feel in order, to discover the w. of a thing yinjin"
+weight,noun,"(= heaviness) nauyi or noyi, nauwa"
+weighty,adjective,(= heavy) da nauyi
+welcome,transitive verb,(= to receive as a guest) shid(d)e
+well,noun,"rijia, pl. riyoji or rijiyoyi"
+well,adjective,"(= right, proper, advantageous) da keau"
+well,adjective,(= in good health) da lafiya and lafiya
+well,adjective,"adverbial expressions are: (of approbation) w. da keau; (of doubt, hesitation) w.! to, as w. as (= together with) tare da"
+west,noun,"yamma, magarub"
+westward,adverb,yammachi
+wet,noun,(= rain) rua; cf. seq
+"wet, to be",intransitive verb,(of the weather)
+wet-season,noun,dam(m)ana or dam(m)una; see under rainy
+what,pronoun,dependent relative (= that which) abinda
+what,pronoun,"interrog. what? mi, mine and minene"
+wheat,noun,"alkam(m)a, alkaki b 14, wh. in good condition alkamama tsari; ear of wh. geza, pl. gezuna; unripe w. ears cooked for eating tumu; wh. flour lal(l)e"
+wheel,noun,"rumbua, ujaia"
+whelp,noun,"kwikwiyo or kurkwiiyo, pl. kwikweye"
+when,adverb,"rel. da, yanda, yaenda, yaushe, sa'anda, lokachinda, randa (= rana da), idan or izan, kad(d)an, kam, kami, akan, akal, kur or kul"
+when,adverb,"interrog. when? wane sa'a, wane lokaci, kuda; since wh. t tunyaushe, dag(g)a yaushe; until wh.? har yaushe"
+whenever,adverb,koyaushe
+where,adverb,"rel. enda, wurinda"
+where,adverb,interrog. where? enna
+wherever,adverb,koenina
+while,adverb,rel. tunda
+"while, a little",noun,jima kad(d)an and jimkad(d)an
+whip,noun,"(of skin) kurafu, kurfu or karfu, pl. karfuna, bulala, pl. bulalai"
+whip,transitive verb,yin bulala
+whirlwind,noun,"gugua also pronounced guguwa, used esp. for dust storm"
+whisper,intransitive verb,"rad(d)a, chimbaya, both esp. in bad sense"
+whisperer,noun,"ag. mairad(d)a, pl. masurad(d)a"
+whispering,noun,rad(d)ata
+whistle,intransitive verb,"(with the lips) feto or fito, fewa"
+white,adjective,"fari, fem. fara, pl. farari or faru faru; very wh. farifet; a wh. (i.e. one of a wh. race) bature or baturi"
+who,pronoun,"rel. (also = which, the objective whom, and the rel. that) wonda or wanda, fem. wod(d)a, pl. wod(d)anda or wod(d)anan, yedda, also simply da; when used as nominatives the personal pronoun of the verb is retained"
+who,pronoun,"interrog. who? (also = which m) wa, wane and wanene, fem. wache, pl. sua, suane"
+whole,noun,"dukachi, dukanta"
+whore,noun,"shakalía, pl. shakalai, karua"
+whoredom,noun,shakalichi
+whoring,noun,zina or zina
+wick,noun,jere (†)
+wicked,adjective,"mugu, fem. mugunia, pl. miagu; a w. person mugun mutum, malalachi, pl. masalalachi; the w. lainu d 22; cf. bad, sinner"
+wickedness,noun,mugunta
+wide,adjective,see broad; n. a w. place yalwa or yelwa; it is two cubits w. fadin sa (= its width) kamu biyu
+wide-opened,adjective,kurkurkur b 32 note
+widow,noun,zauwura
+width,noun,fadi
+wife,noun,"mata, pl. mataye; spec. chief w. uwargid(a) or uwalgid(a); w. of a polygamist kishia (q.v.), pl. kishiyoyi"
+wild,adjective,see tame 1
+wilderness,noun,"daji, dawa, cf. desert"
+wile,noun,see stratagem
+will,noun,"(= assent, consent and so, permission) yerda g 7 fin., (= one's pleasure, wish, determination) turn"
+will,verb,"(of consent, also willingness) yerda; also so"
+will,verb,as auxiliary of the fut. za
+win,verb,(in gambling) chi
+wind,noun,"iska or hiska, pl. iskokí or hiskokí"
+wind,transitive verb,murda; this is used by hausas acquainted with them for winding time-pieces
+wind-pipe,noun,"muria or muriyā, pl. murioyi, janai, jangaro"
+winding-sheet,noun,"likafani, zugu"
+window,noun,"(i.e. a hole to look out) taga, ɗan kofa"
+"wine, palm-",noun,bam or bumbi
+wing,noun,"(of bird) fukafike, pl. fukafikai, also fukafuki, pl. fukafukai"
+wink,verb,kepta ido; to w. with one eye yin kan(n)e
+winnow,verb,"tankade and yin tankade, bakache"
+winnower,noun,ag. maibakache
+wipe,transitive verb,shafe; anything used for wiping abin shafe
+wisdom,noun,"(= sagacious insight) lura, budi, hikima"
+wisdom,noun,"(= prudence, good sense) hankali"
+wise,adjective,in sense of prec. 1. mai lura; in that of prec. 2. da hankali
+wish,noun,"abĩnso, katara, san (= son); strong w. guri"
+wish,transitive verb,"so, nuf(f)e or nĩf(f)a; w. strongly expressed by guri (cf. prec.) with ga"
+witchcraft,noun,see sorcery
+with,preposition,"instrumental, da"
+with,preposition,"comitative, da which is very common with verbs of motion"
+withdraw,transitive verb,"kauda; intr. to w. from (= move away from) gusa (participial form gusawa), gulyusa or gurugusa"
+wither,verb,"yaushi or yoshi, tsotse and tsotsi, kwake; (of plants) yorakane, tafe, tafi, tabe"
+withhold,transitive verb,"han(n)a, saidaba"
+within,preposition,"chik(k)in or dag(g)a chik(k)in, tsak(k)an"
+without,preposition,"(= devoid of, wanting) ba, babu, bamda, wane"
+without,preposition,(= not within) see outside
+wizard,noun,"maye or magi, fem. mayia, boka, pl. bokaye"
+"wolf, animal resembling",noun,kir-keshi = kelkeji (?)
+woman,noun,"mache or machi, pl. mata; young w. yarinia, pl. yamata; bad w. karua, shakalia"
+wonder,intransitive verb,"yin woba, yin (or yin) mamaki; to w. at demanta"
+wonder,noun,(the feeling) woba; v. to cause w. ajabi
+wonder,noun,"(= something wonderful, a w.) mamaki and abin mamaki, ajaba, ajub, aya, pl. ayoyi; the last esp. of a wonderful sign or portent; this is a w.! alame-ringa"
+wonderful,adjective,lajibi d 90; anything w. see wonder 2; to be w. da mamaki
+wont,noun,"(= habit) tada, ada, hal(i)"
+wood,noun,(= forest) rukuji
+wood,noun,(= the material of trees) itache and iche; a little piece of w. dan itache; spec. a long piece of w. tied behind the ear as a punishment for thieving kan-galai
+wool,noun,mulufi or malufi
+woollen,adjective,da (or na) mulufi or malufi; woollen cloth mulufi or malufi
+word,noun,"magana, pl. maganganu, zan­che or zanchi; words, in coll. sense kalmata b 1, kalamit d 7, karatu d 1; pleasant words (lit. ear broth) romon kune"
+work,noun,"(= employment, business, labour) aiki, aiko, shag(g)àlì, sheg(g)èlì, shug(g)èlì, shag(g)àl, pl. shugulgula, tsurfa, concr. (= a production, an act, a w.) aiki, pl. aikoki; net-work aikin raga; a bad w. aiki mugu; v. to refuse to w. kiwuya; to refuse to w. or to shirk w. huji"
+work,intransitive verb,"aiki with yi and the forms in na; to w. diligently kakari, yin sawabe, the last also = to w. well, to w. uselessly sunkwia or sunkuya c 4; n. unwillingness to w. sausachi or soochi"
+working,noun,"(= action, operative power) yi q.v"
+workman,noun,ag. maakikachi
+workshop,noun,maakikachi
+world,noun,"duniya or duniya; the next w. lahira a 7, 33; gid-(d)an gobe"
+worm,noun,"spec. guinea-worm kurkono or kurukunu; a w. which lives in the ground tana, pl. tanu; worms in horses or asses coll. azumaki"
+worry,transitive verb,"kenké, woholashe"
+worship,noun,"(= religion, creed) addini; (= divine service) sal(l)a; mohammedan w. musulmchi"
+worship,verb,"tr. tsarikaka, tsarkaka, tsarkaki or charkaka; if you follow him and worship him, he will grant you salvation en ka bishi ka charkakashi (shi) baka chira d 81"
+worthless,adjective,"banza, laane, fem. laana, pl. laanu, lalatache, fem. lalatachia, pl. lalatau; n. a w. fellow aibu"
+wound,noun,rauni; scar of a healed w. tabo
+wound,transitive verb,rauni
+wrap,transitive verb,"yafa, yafo, sunke"
+wrapper,noun,(= a goatskin loin w.) walki or wolki
+"wrapping, grass, for packing natron",noun,burdumi
+wrath,noun,see anger
+wrestle,intransitive verb,yin kokua
+wrestler,noun,maikunché
+wrestling,noun,kokua
+wring,transitive verb,murda
+wrinkle,intransitive verb,yaushi or yoshi
+wrist,noun,"wuyan hannu, dumbubu or dungudu; w. bone idon gal(l)a; mohammedan w. musulmchi"
+write,verb,"rubuta, rubutu, yin rubutu"
+writing,noun,"abstr. rubutu or rubuchi; a w. board allo; concr. (= anything written, a w.) laya, takarda, pl. takardu, rubutu, rubuchi, litafi or letafi, pl. litatafi; spec. writing from god (used of the koran, the psalms or gospels) zabura"
+wrong,noun,"(= violation of right) laifi; v. to do w. yin laifi, karikache"
+yam,noun,"doiya or doya, pl. doyoyi; a y. cooked and beaten up sokara; spec. a kind of y. risga; a root resembling y. tumuku"
+"yarn, thick cotton",noun,abâwa
+yawn,intransitive verb,mika
+yea,adverb,see yes
+year,noun,"shekara, pl. shekaru"
+yeast,noun,spec. y. made of acid pulp of the tamarind tsamia
+yellow,adjective,"rawaiya or rawaya, pl. rawaiyu, spec. y. needlework on a bernouse yaranai"
+yes,adverb,"i, na'am, madala; to say y. (= to assent or consent) kada kai; cf. certainly"
+yesterday,noun,"jia; the day before y. shekaranjia, three days ago wanshekaranjia; y. evening jia da mareche"
+yet,adverb,har yanzu
+"yoke, put on necks of slaves",noun,karkia
+yolk of egg,noun,kobdua or gobdua
+young,adjective,"(= new, fresh, not used of animals or men) sábo, fem. sâbua, pl. sâbi"
+young,adjective,"(of animals) da, conn. dan, fem. dia, pl. ya, conn. yan, coll. dia"
+young,adjective,(of human beings) special terms are used requiring no adj
+youngest,adjective,auta
+youngling,noun,"(of animals) kwikuyo or kurkwiiyo, pl. kwikuye"
+youth,noun,abstr. yarinta
+youth,noun,"concr. (= a y. from fourteen to twenty years of age) samrai or sarmaji, pl. samari"
+zaki زَكِ,noun,"sweetness, flavour"
+zizyphus,noun,z. spina christi kurma; z. lotus magaria