{ "@context": { "@language": "en", "@vocab": "https://schema.org/", "citeAs": "cr:citeAs", "column": "cr:column", "conformsTo": "dct:conformsTo", "cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/", "data": { "@id": "cr:data", "@type": "@json" }, "dataBiases": "cr:dataBiases", "dataCollection": "cr:dataCollection", "dataType": { "@id": "cr:dataType", "@type": "@vocab" }, "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "extract": "cr:extract", "field": "cr:field", "fileProperty": "cr:fileProperty", "fileObject": "cr:fileObject", "fileSet": "cr:fileSet", "format": "cr:format", "includes": "cr:includes", "isEnumeration": "cr:isEnumeration", "jsonPath": "cr:jsonPath", "key": "cr:key", "md5": "cr:md5", "parentField": "cr:parentField", "path": "cr:path", "personalSensitiveInformation": "cr:personalSensitiveInformation", "recordSet": "cr:recordSet", "references": "cr:references", "regex": "cr:regex", "repeated": "cr:repeated", "replace": "cr:replace", "sc": "https://schema.org/", "separator": "cr:separator", "source": "cr:source", "subField": "cr:subField", "transform": "cr:transform", "rai": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/" }, "@type": "sc:Dataset", "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0", "name": "YoruMed", "description": "YoruMed is the first structured Yoruba medical terminology dataset comprising 1,000 English medical terms, their English definitions, and corresponding Yoruba translations. Each entry is annotated with translation strategy (MEANING-BASED or FORM-BASED), linguistic strategy (MORPHOLOGICAL, EXISTING, or LOANWORD), and medical domain across 10 clinical categories.", "citeAs": "@misc{olagoke2026yorumed, author={Olagoke, Temitope}, title={YoruMed: A Yoruba Medical Terminology Dataset for Low-Resource African Language NLP}, year={2026}, publisher={Hugging Face}, url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/temitopeolagoke/yorumed}}", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/temitopeolagoke/yorumed", "version": "1.0.0", "inLanguage": ["en", "yo"], "keywords": [ "yoruba", "medical", "low-resource", "african-languages", "nlp", "terminology", "biomedical", "machine-translation" ], "creator": { "@type": "sc:Person", "name": "Temitope Olagoke", "email": "temitopeolagoke01@gmail.com", "affiliation": { "@type": "sc:Organization", "name": "Independent Researcher, Lagos, Nigeria" } }, "datePublished": "2026-04-21", "rai:dataCollection": "The 1,000 medical terms were compiled from established biomedical reference sources including Chabner's The Language of Medicine (7th ed., 2004), Heather et al.'s Dictionary of Medical Terminology (4th ed., 2005), and Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary (2011). Yoruba translations were produced by a linguist holding an undergraduate degree in Linguistics and African Languages from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and validated by a linguistics faculty supervisor.", "rai:dataBiases": "The dataset was compiled and translated by a single linguist who is a native speaker of the Osun dialect of Yoruba. Some translations may reflect Osun dialect intuitions and may not be equally natural across all Yoruba-speaking communities. The dataset has some concentration in Infectious Disease terminology (12.8%) reflecting the primary reference sources used. All terms were compiled in 2019 and some clinical terminology may have evolved since.", "rai:dataLimitations": "YoruMed has the following limitations: (1) Single translator — all translations were produced by one linguist and validated by one supervisor; community-scale validation has not been conducted. (2) Dialect variation — the Osun dialect of Yoruba was the primary linguistic reference; translations may not be equally natural across Oyo, Ondo, Ekiti, and Kwara dialect regions. (3) Scale — at 1,000 entries, YoruMed is a terminology-level resource, not a large-scale corpus suitable for language model pretraining. (4) Date of compilation — originally compiled in 2019; some drug names and clinical terminology may have evolved. (5) Tonal assignment for loanwords reflects the translator's linguistic judgement and has not been validated against community norms or acoustic data.", "rai:dataUseCases": "YoruMed is intended for the following NLP research use cases: (1) Medical machine translation evaluation — assessing whether multilingual models correctly translate English medical terminology into Yoruba. (2) Biomedical named entity recognition — serving as a reference lexicon for Yoruba biomedical NER systems. (3) Cross-lingual information retrieval — evaluating whether multilingual embedding models encode Yoruba medical concepts correctly. (4) LLM benchmarking — evaluating large language models on Yoruba medical terminology knowledge. (5) Linguistic analysis — studying Yoruba lexical adaptation patterns and morphological productivity in technical domains. YoruMed is NOT intended for use as a clinical translation tool or as a substitute for qualified medical interpreters.", "rai:dataSocialImpact": "Positive social impacts: YoruMed advances language equity by providing the first structured Yoruba medical terminology resource, enabling AI systems to better serve Yoruba-speaking populations in healthcare contexts. It supports the preservation and digital representation of Yoruba, one of Africa's largest languages, in high-stakes domains where English currently dominates. It provides a foundation for building health information tools, clinical interfaces, and patient communication systems in Yoruba. Potential negative social impacts: If misused in clinical settings without appropriate professional oversight, incorrect translations could contribute to miscommunication and patient harm. This risk is mitigated by the explicit warning in the dataset documentation that YoruMed is a research resource and not a clinical translation tool.", "rai:hasSyntheticData": false, "rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "The dataset contains no personal or sensitive information. All terms are drawn from publicly available medical reference sources. No patient data, clinical records, or personally identifiable information were used in the creation of this dataset.", "distribution": [ { "@type": "cr:FileObject", "@id": "yorumed-csv", "name": "YoruMed_v1.csv", "description": "Main dataset file containing 1,000 English-Yoruba medical terminology pairs with annotations.", "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/temitopeolagoke/yorumed/resolve/main/YoruMed_v1.csv", "encodingFormat": "text/csv", "sha256": "to-be-computed" } ], "recordSet": [ { "@type": "cr:RecordSet", "@id": "yorumed-records", "name": "YoruMed Records", "description": "Each record represents one English-Yoruba medical terminology pair with linguistic annotations.", "field": [ { "@type": "cr:Field", "@id": "english_term", "name": "english_term", "description": "The English medical term.", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": { "fileObject": { "@id": "yorumed-csv" }, "extract": { "column": "english_term" } } }, { "@type": "cr:Field", "@id": "english_definition", "name": "english_definition", "description": "Plain-language English definition of the medical term.", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": { "fileObject": { "@id": "yorumed-csv" }, "extract": { "column": "english_definition" } } }, { "@type": "cr:Field", "@id": "yoruba_translation", "name": "yoruba_translation", "description": "Yoruba translation of the medical term with full tonal diacritics.", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": { "fileObject": { "@id": "yorumed-csv" }, "extract": { "column": "yoruba_translation" } } }, { "@type": "cr:Field", "@id": "translation_strategy", "name": "translation_strategy", "description": "Broad translation strategy: MEANING-BASED or FORM-BASED, following Larson (1984).", "dataType": "sc:Text", "isEnumeration": true, "source": { "fileObject": { "@id": "yorumed-csv" }, "extract": { "column": "translation_strategy" } } }, { "@type": "cr:Field", "@id": "linguistic_strategy", "name": "linguistic_strategy", "description": "Linguistically precise strategy: MORPHOLOGICAL, EXISTING, or LOANWORD.", "dataType": "sc:Text", "isEnumeration": true, "source": { "fileObject": { "@id": "yorumed-csv" }, "extract": { "column": "linguistic_strategy" } } }, { "@type": "cr:Field", "@id": "medical_domain", "name": "medical_domain", "description": "Medical domain: General Medicine, Anatomy, Haematology, Infectious Disease, Immunology, Pharmacology, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Neurology, Cardiology, or Surgery.", "dataType": "sc:Text", "isEnumeration": true, "source": { "fileObject": { "@id": "yorumed-csv" }, "extract": { "column": "medical_domain" } } } ] } ] }